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list | id
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stringlengths 2
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "どうして、 「広いし家賃が安い家を探してます。」は間違いで、「広くて家賃が安い家を探しています。」 が正しいんですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T19:50:46.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61468",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T00:00:58.870",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-14T00:00:58.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-し"
],
"title": "し grammarの使い方を教えてください",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think し is used to join two separate clauses. In your example you're trying\nto use it to join two things that both modify 家 in a single clause. So your\nsentence would read \"It's spacious, and I'm looking for a house with cheap\nrent\", which doesn't make a lot of sense.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T20:04:42.753",
"id": "61469",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T20:04:42.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "61468",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61468
| null |
61469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61478",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could someone please explain the grammar in the following sentence? I'm\nparticularly interested in the を解決中だ portion.\n\n> 手がかりを追いながら、数々の難事件を解決中だ。\n\nI suspect that this might be a set grammatical pattern because it seemingly\ndisobeys two that I am aware of. I am under the impression that ながら can only\nbe used to describe two simultaneous actions (where the first is assigned a\nhigher priority in the mind of the speaker). This sentence seems to be using\nit with だ. Further, there doesn't seem to be a verb that 難事件を could be the\nobject of.\n\nMy best guess is that 解決中だ is an alternate way of expressing 解決している or\nsomething like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T20:36:08.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61470",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T02:01:47.143",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T21:29:57.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ながら used with 中 and を used with だ",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "`suru-verb/noun + 中` forms a no-adjective that roughly means \"now ～ing\". See:\n[What is the purpose of 中 in\nダウンロード中?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32317/5010)\n\n * 発売中 on sale\n * 故障中の自動販売機 a vending machine that is out of service\n * その書類は確認中です。 The document is under review/verification.\n * ファイルをダウンロード中… Downloading files...\n\n難事件 is the object of 解決(する). So 数々の難事件を解決中だ means either \"He is (in the\nprocess of) resolving multiple difficult cases (simultaneously)\" or \"He has\nbeen (recently) resolving many difficult cases\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T02:01:47.143",
"id": "61478",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T02:01:47.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61470
|
61478
|
61478
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know I can use 「なければいけない」with verbs to mean \"must/have to\", but can I use it\nwith adjectives/ nouns in this manner:\n\n> 「家を買うといえば、近所は静かじゃなければいけない」\n\nConversely, to say \"must not\" with adjectives/nouns, would I say something\nlike\n\n> 理想の彼氏は、怠惰ではいけない\n\nbased on the fact that one uses the same structure with verbs, such as\n「そこに入ってはいけない」.\n\nIf I am completely wrong, and there is a more normal way to say \"must be/has\nto be\" with adjectives/nouns, please let me know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T21:12:03.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61471",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T02:13:13.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does 「静かではなければいけない」mean \"must be quiet\"?",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you can safely say 静かじゃなければいけない, 静かでなければいけない, 怠惰じゃいけない and 怠惰ではいけない. You\ncan use this construction with arbitrary ordinary nouns, too.\n\nBy the way, ～といえば tends to mean \"Now that you mention ～\" or \"～ reminds me\".\nPerhaps you wanted to say 家を買うということなら (\"when it comes to buying a house\")?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T02:13:13.343",
"id": "61479",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T02:13:13.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61471",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61471
| null |
61479
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61475",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, they both can mean \"and\" and \"also\" or something, but\nI don't entirely get the difference. Please try to explain in as simple of\nterms as possible!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T22:32:59.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61474",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T00:48:28.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10884",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference between particles と and も？",
"view_count": 547
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first point to note is that the particles も and と have many different uses\nother than the ones you mentioned, so don't be surprised if you see them used\nin ways that don't fit this discussion.\n\nWhen と is used to mean 'and' it denotes exhaustive listing. So if you say:\n\n> 犬{いぬ}と猫{ねこ}がいる。\n\nIt means that there is a dog and a cat and nothing else. In contrast if you\nreplace と with や it would mean that there is a dog and a cat and maybe some\nother animals that I haven't mentioned.\n\nI can't think of any case in which と could be used to mean 'also'.\n\nも can mean 'also'. For example:\n\n> 私{わたし}も猫{ねこ}が好き{すき} \n> I like cats too. (I, in addition to someone else, like cats) \n> 私{わたし}は猫{ねこ}も好き{すき} \n> I like cats too. (I like cats in addition to other animals)\n\nも can mean 'and' if it appears more than once:\n\n> 犬{いぬ}も猫{ねこ}もいる。 \n> There are both cats and dogs.\n\nWhich is equivalent to \"There are dogs and there are also cats\", so it still\nhas a meaning of 'also' as well as 'and' in this context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T23:28:01.843",
"id": "61475",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T00:48:28.647",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-13T00:48:28.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "61474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61474
|
61475
|
61475
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "The gist of my question is that for the following statements, the ～ても feels\nout of place. More specifically, it almost feels absurd to make the\nexasperated \"even if/although\" statement in the first place, as the following\nstatement is entirely expected.\n\nI had this in the back of my head for a while. Sometimes I didn't comprehend\nthe sentence correctly at first, so the ても initially felt out of place, but\nthat was my problem. However, there were still some sentences that I'm fairly\nsure I didn't misunderstand that still had this logical disconnect. These\nthree, for example, that I saved over time:\n\n> こいつ殴るとき全然腰入れてないし、男の腕力と比べてもやっぱりそこは普通の女子っぽい\n\nShe doesn't use her lower half when striking me, even if (?) compared to a\nguy's strength, her arm strength is definitely girl-esque. (Well, no duh, guys\nare stronger than girls.)\n\n> 一度にそんなにたくさん言われても対応出来るかァァ\n>\n> 前から思ってたんだ！！ お前らちゃんと一列に並べェェ！！\n\n * speaker taking orders at the register but all the customers are shouting at once\n\nEven if (?) all of you are ordering this much at once, I can't take your\norders! (This is probably the worst offender, as being unable to take all the\norders is just a no-brainer if they're all shouting at once.)\n\n> 建学の精神は結構ですけれど、いきなり共学の是非を生徒に問われても、困惑するしかないでしょう？\n\n * introducing co-ed to an all-girls school\n\nThe founding principles of the school are pretty damn ingrained, but even if\nwe suddenly ask the students about the pros/cons of coeducation, it would only\ncause bewilderment. (Well, yeah, if you suddenly thrust that upon the\nstudents, it would obviously cause issues...)\n\n* * *\n\nMore clearly, for 一度にそんなにたくさん言われても対応出来るかァァ！\n\n 1. Even if all of you are ordering this much at once, I can't take your orders!\n\n 2. If all of you are ordering this much at once, I can't take your orders!\n\nThe first translation makes no sense, but it feels like that's what the\noriginal sentence was saying. Comparatively, the 2nd \"translation\" makes more\nsense, but it's not what is actually being said so to speak...\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit 1:**\n\nDug up this one as well, regarding date plans:\n\n> 変に気張ってもお互い緊張するだけなので、今日はこんな感じでまったり彼女と過ごすことにする。\n\n(Even?) if I go full tryhard on today's activities, it would only make both of\nus uncomfortable, so today I'm gonna take it easy with her.\n\nPerhaps a less extreme example, but I still feel it gets the feeling across.\n\n**Edit 2:**\n\nReading this again after finding yet another [related\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/72001/interpreting-%e4%b8%8b%e6%89%8b%e3%81%ab%e4%bf%ba%e3%82%92%e6%ae%8b%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e6%89%8b%e6%9f%84%e3%82%92%e5%a5%aa%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82%e5%9b%b0%e3%82%8b%e3%81%a8%e5%88%a4%e6%96%ad%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f-in-\nthis-context/72008?noredirect=1#comment119838_72008) where other initial\nambiguities made choosing between ても as ても or たら a nontrivial issue; and vice\nversa.\n\nThe given answer here doesn't apply after looking at it again, since with\n「いかに努めても…できない」 etc., there is some expectation that ～ in ～ても will produce some\ndesirable outcome before it is negated to emphasize how \"全く…できない\" it is.\n\nAs with all of the given examples and あんまりゆっくりしてても、お母さん帰ってきちゃうかもだし…, there\nisn't really any expectation that ～ in ～ても would produce an outcome that would\nbe worthy of a negation. As in this case, doing it really slowly can only\nresult in the mom coming back before they were finished, so negating it\ndoesn't have any of the 全く…できない effect. Overall, the 「ても」→「たら」interpretation\nis more natural and intuitive, but I have yet to see it confirmed anywhere.\n\nIs there a more academic confirmation out there?",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T01:31:08.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61476",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T15:11:30.007",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"usage",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Use of ～ても but what follows ～ is obvious rather than contrary to expectations",
"view_count": 497
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> 《「…ても…ない」の形で、同じまたは類似した意味の動詞を並べて》事の成立を強く否定する。いかに努めても…できない。全く…ない。\n\nTranslation:\n\n> (When verbs carrying similar/identical meanings form a compound sentence\n> with the construction 「…ても…ない」) Strongly deny that something is possible.\n> Similar to 「いかに努めても…できない」 and 「全く…できない」\n\nWhile the grammar doesn't exactly match, the usage is comparable and I believe\nthe 1st, 3rd, and 4th sentences imply similar verbs, you just have to play\nwith the wording a bit. For example, without losing any meaning, the 1st\nsentence could be changed to\n\n> …男の腕力に比べてもやっぱり比べ物にならない。\n\nThe 2nd sentence is not related because if you take the か off, it's a usage\nthat I assume you know already. The か is just expressing outrage at the\ncustomers' expectations.\n\nThe 3rd sentence could be\n\n> …いきなり共学の是非の答えを求められても答えられないでしょう？\n\nAnd as for the 4th (this is also kind of a play on words for my dictionary's\ndefinition of 気張る=息をつめて力を入れる)\n\n> 変に気張っても、息をつめた様な空気しかない…",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T03:13:49.603",
"id": "62453",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T16:37:03.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T16:37:03.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "31680",
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "61476",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61476
| null |
62453
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The obvious translation of \"subtle\" is 「微妙」, but in current usage it seems to\ncarry a bit of a pejorative sense, even implying \"dubious\". Are there better\ntranslations for phrases such as \"subtle hint\", \"subtle meaning\" and \"subtle\ncolour\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T10:39:08.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61482",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T13:34:20.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22186",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Best translation of \"subtle\"?",
"view_count": 536
}
|
[
{
"body": "`微妙` does have a subtext of \"dubious\" in some contexts, but apparently `微妙な意味`\n_is_ an appropriate translation of \"subtle meaning\".\n\nWhen speaking of color, taste or another attribute I would probably use an\nadjective like `薄い`、`淡い`, or `かすかな`.\n\nFor \"subtle hint\", Eijiro\n[offers](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=subtle%20hint) `何げないヒント`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T13:34:20.787",
"id": "61483",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T13:34:20.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "61482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61482
| null |
61483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 厚生労働省は、たばこをやめたい人は病院に相談してほしいと言っています。\n\n厚生労働省はタバコをやめたい人に病院に相談にしてほしいということでしょうね。でも、どうして「やめたい人に」の代わりに「やめたい人は」を使っているか分かりません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T13:57:45.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61484",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T14:27:05.967",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-13T14:46:27.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "29755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「てほしい」の使い方を教えてください",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "厚労省は「A」と言っている、という形においてAの部分を ある程度\n独立した文として言い表したいからだと思います。その中で何を主題にすべきかを考えれば、「自分たち」ではなく「タバコをやめたい人」になるでしょう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T02:08:40.687",
"id": "61498",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T02:08:40.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61484",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It is possible to have several は in the same sentence. According to \"A\nDictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\". page 518: \n\"When more than one は appears in a sentence, the first は is usually understood\nto be the topic marker, the second は is more contrastive than the first one,\nthe third is more contrastive than the second, and so on.\"\n\nExample: \n太郎はテニスは出来ます。 \nTaro can play tennis.(but he can't play other things)\n\nSo 厚生労働省は is the topic of the sentence. \nBut たばこをやめたい人は is contrastive.\n\nPeople who want to quit smoking should go to a hospital, but people who want\nto quit gum, for example, don't need to go to a hospital.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T14:27:05.967",
"id": "61570",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T14:27:05.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61484",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61484
| null |
61498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61487",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I assume that ドア is a loanword from English, unless it's a big coincidence,\nyet, it's in the top 200 most used Japanese words by frequency, in a Japanese\nwords by frequency list. What's the original Japanese word for door? Any idea\nwhy they switched for the English one considering doors (or something similar\nfoldable perhaps to cover an entrance) had to exist in Japan before western\ncontact?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T14:22:33.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61485",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T14:30:48.257",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-18T14:30:48.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 25,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"loanwords",
"history"
],
"title": "What's the original Japanese word for door, other than the loanword ドア?",
"view_count": 8489
}
|
[
{
"body": "Western style doors are 扉{とびら} which actually more loosely translates to\n\"opening\" I suppose. The sliding doors are called 障子{しょうじ}.\n\nA linguist will have to answer the \"why\", although I suspect the simple answer\nis \"because it's cool to use foreign words\". One path that foreign words take\nto \"common parlance\" is through songs, so it wouldn't surprise me to find that\nthe first popularization of the word ドア came from a song.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T14:40:38.270",
"id": "61486",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T14:40:38.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "61485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Your suspicion is leading you down the right path.\n\nドア is in fact a loanword from English. According to Jisho.org,\n**[ドア](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2)** is used in reference to a\nWestern-style door. This is a door that opens on hinges.\n\nBefore the introduction of Western-style doors, you are also correct to assume\nthat the Japanese had doors as well. These doors would slide on a track. In\nEnglish, we would refer to them as sliding doors. In Japanese, you will refer\nto the Japanese-style door as **[戸｛と｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%88%B8)**.\nThat being said, I can't really say that I have heard 戸 used very often. I\nthink it's slightly archaic in its usage.\n\nI will add that **[障子{しょうじ｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%9A%9C%E5%AD%90)** is\nanother word for the Japanese-style door, but it specifically refers to the\n_paper_ sliding door (with a wood/bamboo frame). Other sliding doors would not\nclassify as 障子. I cannot say much about the usage, except it is used when you\nare being specific about doors. It appears in many texts though.\n\nThere is one word that will be used in reference to both Western and Japanese-\nstyle doors, **[扉｛とびら｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%89%89)**. It is a commonly\nused word as well, because I recall having heard it used over the intercom\nwhen trains or elevators were opening\\closing the doors saying:\n\n> 扉が(開き\\閉まり)ます。ご注意ください。\n\nThe thing is that I have also heard ドア in those cases as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T14:41:13.933",
"id": "61487",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T17:40:30.723",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-14T17:40:30.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "61485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
}
] |
61485
|
61487
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61487
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61514",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My English isn't good, so I have always asked in Japanese, but Japanese isn't\nmy mother tongue either. Sometimes, when I'm asking a question in Japanese,\nthe question and the example are related to a textbook or a novel, so I have\nto show where the example comes from.\n\nFor example:\n\n[How to understand\n態度を片付け](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61444/how-to-\nunderstand-%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%82%92%E7%89%87%E4%BB%98%E3%81%91)\n\nIn this question, the example is from a Japanese novel which is Natsume\nSoseki's Kokoro.\n\n> 私は奥さんの態度をどっちかに片付けてもらいたかったのです。\n\nHow do I tell everybody this sentence is from a Natsume novel?\n\nI've tried the following examples before but maybe they are unnatural in\nJapanese.\n\n> これは夏目漱石のこころにおける文の一つです\n>\n> 夏目漱石のこころにはこれが書いてあります\n>\n> 夏目漱石のこころには「」と書いてあります\n\nbut [this one](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/posts/61079/revisions) must\nbe correct:\n\n> これは夏目漱石の「こころ」の一文です\n\nAny other way to show a source in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T16:45:57.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61488",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T02:23:54.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "書類や資料などの内容の引用について",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "１文を引用する場合は・・・\n\n> ｛これは / 以下は｝夏目漱石の『こころ』の一文です。 \n> ｛これは / 以下は｝夏目漱石の『こころ』の中の一文です。 \n> ｛これは / 以下は｝夏目漱石の『こころ』からの一文です。\n\n\"This is / The following is a sentence in/from _Kokoro_ by Soseki Natsume.\"\n\n引用がそれより長い場合は・・・\n\n> 以下は夏目漱石の『こころ』からの｛引用 /（一部）抜粋｝です。 \n> 以下は夏目漱石の『こころ』（から）の一節です。 \n> 以下は夏目漱石の『こころ』の一部です。\n\n\"The following is a quotation/excerpt/passage from _Kokoro_ by Soseki\nNatsume.\"\n\n引用文の後にこのように付け加えてもいいと思います：\n\n> -- 夏目漱石『こころ』より",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T02:23:54.600",
"id": "61514",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T02:23:54.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61488",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61488
|
61514
|
61514
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61524",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> A : この音楽、ご存知でしょう。 \n> B : ええ、どこかで聞いた **ように思っ** たんですが。\n\nI think the ように思う together with んですが implies uncertainty in the speaker's\nthoughts, but I'm not sure whether I grasped the concept or not. It seems like\nように思う and と思う are the same grammatically but different in nuance or the like.\n\nWhat does ように思う exactly mean?\n\n> A : あれ、宿題を忘れたんですか。 \n> B : ええ、________ **ように思っ** たんですが。\n\nI'm not sure which one is more appropriate to fill in the blank (my own\nanswers)\n\n> かばんに入れた or 家に忘れた\n\nFollowing the first example, the latter is more suitable? I think there are\nbetter answers.\n\n> A : 私のペンを知りませんか。 \n> B : さっき、________ **ように思い** ますが。\n\nThis one is in present tense, I hope there are no differences between 思った and\n思う in this context.\n\nAre there? Maybe like a realization that caused a change in mind?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T17:41:27.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61489",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T06:32:43.477",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T06:32:43.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ように思う what is the exact meaning?",
"view_count": 4796
}
|
[
{
"body": "ように思った or と思った are synonymous (the former somehow feels more indirect, but\nthey are the same, after all) and, combined with のだが, mean that what you have\nthought is paradoxical to the current situation.\n\nWhen it comes to your example,\n\n> A : あれ、宿題を忘れたんですか。 \n> B : ええ、かばんに入れたように思ったんですが\n\nIt expresses a paradoxical situation where you thought you put it into your\nbag but it's not found there.\n\nIn present tense, you can interpret it as \"it seems\" or \"I think\". (As for the\nlast question, the one that works well with さっき (just before) is かばんに入れた.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T13:25:02.863",
"id": "61524",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T06:32:19.753",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T06:32:19.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 547, ように is the\nadverbial form of ようだ。 ようだ is \"an auxiliary na-type adjective which expresses\nthe likelihood or the likeness of something or someone\". It can be translated\nas: look like, look as if, be like, appear, seem.\n\nExamples: \n杉山{すぎやま}さんはアメリカへ行{い}くようだ。 \nIt appears that Mr. Sugiyama is going to America.\n\nスミスさんは日本人{にほんじん}のように日本語{にほんご}を話{はな}します。 \nMr. Smith speaks Japanese like a Japanese.\n\nAlso, the site below lists several expressions to indicate likelihood: \n〜ようだ \n〜ように思う \n〜ものと思われる \n〜ような気がする \n〜ような感じがする \n<http://web.ydu.edu.tw/~uchiyama/1h93fy/omou.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T18:26:22.567",
"id": "61533",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T18:26:22.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61489
|
61524
|
61524
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61491",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「今から」 means \"from now on\" and 「これから」 means \"from here on\" or \"from here\". So,\nこれから actually has 2 meanings.\n\nSo are the \"from here on\" meaning of 「これから」 and \"from now on\" meaning of\n「今から」always interchangeable in Japanese? In english I guess they almost\neverywhere are but \"from now on\" is used more because \"from here on\" can also\nbe used to signify place.\n\nPlease provide examples if they are different in usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T17:57:20.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61490",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T22:34:32.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Are「これから」 and 「今から」 interchangeable？",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "今から tends to refer to relatively short time frames, for example the next few\nhours (e.g., 今から野球をしませんか, 今から風呂に入ります, 今から話すことをよく聞きなさい). これから can safely refer\nto both short and very long time. For example, これからの10年 is more natural than\n今からの10年, although the latter is not incorrect. Likewise, since \"from now on\"\nin English usually refers to very long time, I think これから(は)(ずっと) is the\nnormal choice.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T22:34:32.030",
"id": "61491",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T22:34:32.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61490
|
61491
|
61491
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61493",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would the sentence 「田中さんはまだ来ていません」translate to “Mr. Tanaka still is’nt coming”\nor “Mr. Tanaka hasn’t come yet” or are both translations possible?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T23:36:01.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61492",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T23:46:47.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does 「来ていません」mean “hasn’t come” or “isn’t coming”? Or both?",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"Mr. Tanaka hasn't come yet.\" 来ていません means \"being in the state of not\nhaving come.\" If you mean to say that Mr. Tanaka will not come (or in English,\n\"won't be coming\"), that's 来ません.\n\nIn general, Japanese uses progressive (ている) form in the negative to express\nthe state for which English uses present perfect:\n\n> その映画はまだ観ていない。\n>\n> I haven't seen that movie yet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T23:46:47.063",
"id": "61493",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T23:46:47.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "61492",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61492
|
61493
|
61493
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The problematic part is emboldened.\n\n> 縄文時代は、縄文土器が使用された時代を示す呼称であったが、次第に生活内容を加えた特徴の説明が為される **ようになり**\n> 、磨製石器を造る技術、土器の使用、農耕狩猟採集経済、定住化した社会ととらえられるようになった。\n\nI can't understand how does the ようになり function here.\n\nDoes it mean \"With the gradual increase of the life characteristics, the point\nwas reached where an explanation got established\"?\n\nI know that ようになる can mean \"to reach a certain point\", but I don't understand\nhow it works here since it isn't a verb (or is it, and there is an invisible\n\"masu\" ending of some sort?).\n\nI found that なり might be an archaic copula, but it would look weird as the\ntext is from Wikipedia.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T23:48:35.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61494",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-22T18:01:45.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-23T16:26:07.637",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Meaning of ようになり",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "The \"i\" form of the verb can be used for linking two sentences in the way that\nthe word \"and\" works. In your example, using なり, the \"i\" form of the verb なる.\n\nFrom Wikipedia, [in the section about the \"i\" form of Japanese\nverbs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#i_form):\n\n> The i form also has some uses on its own, such as:\n>\n> ...\n>\n> * In conjunctions in formal writing.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T12:26:45.063",
"id": "61696",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T12:26:45.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31354",
"parent_id": "61494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61494
| null |
61696
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61563",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wrote a sentence that I was trying to mean \"But, I don't know if it's\ncorrect\", and the Japanese person corrected it so this is the result:\n\n> でも、これが正しい翻訳かはわからない\n\nMy best guess is that the particle か are there to create relative clauses\ntogether with the topic particle. If so, what is the purpose of は here?\n[Contradiction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47377/difference-\nbetween-%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB-%E6%99%82%E3%81%AF-%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF)?\nFormality?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T23:49:48.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61495",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T07:17:25.430",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-14T17:30:56.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What does かは mean?",
"view_count": 876
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 168, か is short\nfor かどうか which is a \"marker for an embedded yes-no question\". It can be\ntranslated as \"whether or not\", \"if or not\".\n\nExample (the terms in parenthesis can be omitted):\n\n鈴木{すずき}さんが大学{だいがく}に入{はい}ったか(どうか)(は)知{し}らない。\n\nI don't know whether or not Mr. Suzuki entered college.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T17:50:31.273",
"id": "61532",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T17:50:31.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "When your main concern is use of は, the problem is the same as the は-が problem\nin general.\n\nWith は, it's a complete sentence by itself with topic これが正しい翻訳かは and comment\nわからない.\n\nWithout it, it's an incomplete sentence on its own without topics and only\nwith comment これが正しい翻訳かわからない. Of course, however, people can guess what it's\ntelling about from context. For example, if the previous line is 情報が少なすぎる (we\nhave too little informaiton), a topic to be shared by the both lines will be,\nsay, これでは (at this rate) or so.\n\nBesides the problem of topic, in other words, whether it functions as a\nprimary topic or not, は can imply the sense of \"even **if** I know the others\"\nin the example that says you don't know one. (Note that not \"though\" but\n\"if\".) This function is often called \"contrast\" or \"contrastive marker は\".\n\nIn addition, は can be added to a negative predicate like わからない just because\nit's a negative redicate even if it's not a primary topic or contrastive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T07:17:25.430",
"id": "61563",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T07:17:25.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61495
|
61563
|
61563
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "These don't seem like the standard Noun+する verbs to me (e.g 食事する) and I have\nnoticed that they only seem to take the している・していた forms. Why is this, and if I\nwished to say \"put a necklace on\", would I use つける?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T01:03:36.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61497",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-17T04:04:30.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is する used with things like 匂い・ネックレス・イヤリング?",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [_A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ , page\n435](https://core6000.neocities.org/dojg/entries/154.html):\n\n> する \n> Something is perceived by someone's non-visual senses. \n> _feel; smell; hear_.\n>\n> Example sentence[s]: \n> 子供達の声がした・しました。 \n> I heard children's voices.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T17:22:21.660",
"id": "61531",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-17T02:31:21.423",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-17T02:31:21.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> These don't seem like the standard Noun+する verbs to me (e.g 食事する)\n\nする has a lot of meanings and usages, which include におい・味・音・声がする (smell, taste,\nhear)、感じ・気がする (feel)、眼鏡・ネクタイ・指輪・ネックレス・イヤリングをする (wear/put on). These are not\nsuru-verbs (サ変動詞) and require the particle を or が. (◎食事する, ◎食事をする, ◎眼鏡をする, not\n眼鏡する, ◎音がする, not 音する)\n\n> and I have noticed that they only seem to take the している・していた forms. Why is\n> this, and if I wished to say \"put a necklace on\", would I use つける?\n\nYou can use the する・した forms, too. For example:\n\n> 「キッチンからいい **においがする** 。」 \n> 「二階で何か変な **音がした** よ。」 \n> 「どこかで見たような **気がする** 。」 \n> 「お葬式ではパールの **ネックレスをします** ・つけます。」 \n> 「明日は **ネクタイをして** きてください。」 \n> 「左手に **包帯をした** 人」\n\nWith 「眼鏡・ネクタイ・ネックレスetc.をする」, you can usually use する・つける (or かける, [締]{し}める, はめる\netc. depending on the item) for the action \"to put on\", and している, つけている etc.\nfor the state \"(is) wear(ing)~~\". For example:\n\n> 佐藤さんはいつも指輪をしています。(はめています) \n> 赤いネクタイをしている人 (赤いネクタイをした人 is also fine)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-17T03:59:17.467",
"id": "62233",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-17T04:04:30.503",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-17T04:04:30.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61497
| null |
61531
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This might be computer science related question.\n\nI am manipulating Japanese data and in some Japanese words, there are English\nwords and Numbers are in.\n\nＳＹＳＫＥＮ, 松井ケ丘３, コメリＨ＆Ｇ, 篠路７－１ are the examples.\n\nI see spacing between 'special characters', which are not Japanese/Kanji. I am\ntrying to find convert them to normal(I guess it does not look normal to\nJapanese) English like \"SYSKEN, 松井ケ丘3, コメリH&G, 篠路7-1\" but I cannot start to\nwhere.\n\nWhat those fonts? or spacing rules are called in Japan or world wide?\n\nPlease guide me to solve my assginments :(",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T02:27:01.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61499",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T02:31:47.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31259",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Convert Japanese Style English Font to Normal(?) English Font",
"view_count": 248
}
|
[
{
"body": "halfwidth / fullwidth forms this is the keyword and a starting point.\n\nSorry for bothering\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T02:31:47.553",
"id": "61500",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T02:31:47.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31259",
"parent_id": "61499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61499
| null |
61500
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a question about this construction: (This is from NHK Easy news)\n\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011625431000/k10011625431000.html>\n\n> 寝る時間が足りないと、心の病気になったり、太りすぎたり、血圧が高くなったりする心配があります.\n\nI want to know the use of \"ーたり\" in this sentence. Is this a conjugation of\nsome sort if you are listing items? Also, in 高くなったりする, why did it become たりする？\n\nInsights welcome",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T04:14:46.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61501",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T18:13:05.107",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T18:13:05.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Question about the usage of ーたり",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 458:\n\n～たり～たりする A phrase which expresses an inexhaustive listing of actions or\nstates.\n\nExample: 私達は歌ったり、踊ったりした。 We did things like singing and dancing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T17:05:26.130",
"id": "61530",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T17:05:26.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61501",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61501
| null |
61530
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61503",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I my understanding, the **difference between もう and －たことがある** is as follow:\n\n * **もう** is for **\" already\"** like in:\n\n> * I've (already) eaten my sandwich\n> * I've (already) been shopping yesterday\n>\n\n * **ーたことがある** is for **experiences** as in\n\n> * I've been to / I visited Spain\n> * I used to play / played football\n>\n\nThe form you choose is very important it seems, as you can say a very\ndifferent thing with the other one _(`I have eaten a sandwich once` is not the\nsame as `I've eaten my sandwich`)_\n\n**But** in my book I found these sentences, for which I would have used the\nーたことがある form:\n\n> * もう びじゅつかん に 行{い}きましたか。\n> * もう かんこう バス に のりましたか。\n> * もう 日本{にほん} の りょうり を 食{た}べましたか。\n> * もう さくら を 見{み}に 行{い}きましたか。\n>\n\n* * *\n\nTherefore **my question is** :\n\n * Is it just possible for some cases to use both form that would **mean the same thing**?\n\n * Did I miss something? Is there something I did not understand (properly)?\n\n* * *\n\n_**Bonus:**_\n\n_Would the sentence below be better translated by either one of the\npropositions? If not, what would be the difference?_\n\n> I've read this book:\n>\n> * この本{ほん} を もう 読{よ}みました。\n>\n> * この本{ほん} を 読{よ}んだことがあります。\n>\n>\n\n_And is もう properly placed either at the beginning or in the middle of a\nsentence?_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T05:17:58.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61502",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T07:55:07.980",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Fully understanding the difference between もう and －たことがある",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "# Standalone もう～ vs Standalone ～たことがある\n\nI think もう～ and ～たことがある are different in the same way that **a/an** and\n**the** are used differently in English, _at least for most_ of the examples\nthat you gave. So **I don't think that there are cases when both forms would\nmean the same thing** , _if we are talking about them being not used together\nin the same sentence._\n\n_For cases where もう～ is used together with ～たことがある see near the bottom of this\nanswer._\n\nLet us look at these examples.\n\n> 1a. リンゴをもう食べた\n\nI ate **the** apple\n\nThe apple that the speaker ate is very specific. The speaker wants the\nlistener to know that s/he already ate the apple that the latter knows about.\n\n> 1b. リンゴを食べたことがある\n\nI have eaten **an** apple\n\nThe speaker has eaten an apple before. The speaker wants the listener to know\nthat if s/he is going to eat one again, it won't be the first time.\n\nGoing back to one of your examples.\n\n> 2a. もう びじゅつかん に 行きましたか。\n\nHave you been to **the** art museum?\n\nThe speaker is asking if the listener has visited a specific art museum, and\nnot just any other anywhere else.\n\n> 2b. びじゅつかん に 行ったことがありますか。\n\nHave you been to **an** art museum?\n\nThe speaker is asking if the listener has ever been to one.\n\nThe same will work for your other examples too. In the case of:\n\n> 3a. もう 日本 の りょうり を 食べましたか。\n\nit could be that they were in a hotel that serves different foods from various\ncountries and the speaker is asking if the listener has tried the Japanese\nfood that the hotel serves. If you change that to:\n\n> 3b. 日本 の りょうり を 食べたことがありますか。\n\nthe speaker is just asking if the listener has eaten Japanese food before.\n\n* * *\n\nOne of the examples that you gave in English is **I've been to / I visited\nSpain**. If I were to use もう～ and ～たことがある, they would look like:\n\n> 4a. もうスペインに行きました\n\nThis could mean that the speaker was planning to go to Spain, and has already\ngone there, and the listener knew about this plan.\n\n> 4b. スペインに行ったことがある\n\nThis means that the speaker has already visited Spain in the past.\n\n* * *\n\n# Issue about proximity in time\n\nもう connotes that something specific – it could be a plan or some other thing\nthat the listener _knows about_ – has been done. ことがある on the other hand just\nmeans something has been done before. I don't think either of the two is\naffected by time, so it does not matter if what was done happened 50 yrs ago\nor yesterday. For example:\n\n> Aさん：昔{むかし}、スペインに行きたいと言っていたのを覚えている\n\nA: Do you remember the time when you said that you wanted to go to Spain?\n\nSay the answer is:\n\n> Bさん：１０年前{ねんまえ}にもう行きましたよ\n\nIn this case, B told A (say 20 yrs ago) about his wish, and when asked by A\nnow (maybe they haven't seen each other in a while), B said that he already\nwent there 10 years ago. So we can see that もう _does not have_ to be something\nvery recent.\n\nFor ～たことがある, I think it is clear that time proximity also does not matter as\none could have experienced something decades ago or just now.\n\n* * *\n\n# Combined use of もう～ and ～たことがある\n\nNote that もう could be added to a sentence with ～ことがある as in the following\nexample.\n\n> あの人とは知り合ったばっかりだが、 **もう** 喧嘩したことがある\n\nI have just met that person, but we already had a quarrel\n\n* * *\n\n# Bonus\n\nFor your bonus, you gave two options on how to translate **I've read this\nbook** as follows. I will try to explain the difference using imaginary\nsituations.\n\n> この本 を もう 読みました。\n\nIn this translation, it could be that the listener knew that the speaker was\ngoing to read the book and asked him/her if he already read it. It could be\nalso that the listener told/ordered the speaker to read it, so the speaker is\nnow telling the listener that he's done reading.\n\n> この本 を 読んだことがあります。\n\nIn this translation, the speaker is just saying that he read the book before.\nMaybe he was replying to a question like この本は知っている？ (Do you know this book?)\n\nLastly, the answer to your question below is \"Yes, it is.\"\n\n> is もう properly placed either at the beginning or in the middle of a\n> sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T05:54:01.400",
"id": "61503",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T03:23:49.880",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "61502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61502
|
61503
|
61503
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61506",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’ve been trying to understand this sentence, and this is what I’ve got so\nfar:\n\n「家に帰って」= “to go home” although I’m not sure why the Te-form of 「帰る」is used\nhere, instead of just 「帰る」\n\n「ほうがいい」= “it’d be better”\n\nSo I think it means something along the lines of “you’d better go home”\n\nI don’t know what 「ねた」and 「です」mean in this sentence, I know 「です」means “to be”\nbut I don’t know how it fits into the sentence in this case.\n\nI might also be mistranslating everything so far, I’m really confused about\nthis sentence. So I want to know what this sentence translates to and I want\nto understand the logic behind the translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T15:50:58.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61505",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T16:29:25.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Need help translating and understanding this sentence 「家に帰ってねたほうがいいですよ。」",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "寝{ね}た is the past tense of the verb 寝{ね}る (to sleep). Why it isn't written\nwith kanji here I couldn't say - perhaps this sentence comes from a learner's\nmaterial and the reader isn't expected to know the kanji for 寝る yet? In\nordinary usage I would certainly expect the kanji to be included.\n\nAt any rate, this is why the verb 帰って is in its て form - because it is part of\na sequence of two verbs 帰って寝る \"to go home AND sleep\". Similarly 寝た is in its\npast form because this is the standard form to link to the common ～ほうがいい\nconstruction meaning \"you should\" (more literally something like \"it would be\nbetter if you did...\")\n\nThe です here doesn't add any actual meaning, it just makes the sentence polite.\nAdding です is the standard way of converting an i-adjective to the polite form\n- just as 彼女はかわいいです and 彼女はかわいい both mean \"She's cute\" but the former is\npolite and the latter casual, ～したほうがいいです and ～したほうがいい both mean \"you\nshould...\" but with differing politeness levels.\n\nAside from these details, your understanding of the sentence seems fine - the\nmeaning of the whole thing is \"You should go home and sleep\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T16:29:25.767",
"id": "61506",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T16:29:25.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "61505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61505
|
61506
|
61506
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61508",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, many country nationalities are written by adding +jin to the country name\nlike Itaria-jin イタリア人 , Oranda-jin オランダ人, Kanada-jin カナダ人, Supein-jin スペイン人 ,\netc.\n\nbut there are some like american who can be written 米国人 Beikokujin or アメリカ人\nAmerikajin.\n\nAnd some others you only commonly find it with an original name like ドイツ人\nDoitsujin or 中国人 Chūgokujin. How about countries like these last ones. Can\nthey also be written country name + jin or it's only valid to call them with\ntheir original names?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T17:54:31.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61507",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T21:30:14.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Can any nationality be expressed by adding + jin to the country name?",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding is halfway correct. But, your last paragraph is a little\nmisguided.\n\nGerman people in Japanese are described as ドイツ人 because Germany is ドイツ from\n_Deutschland_ , which is the German word for Germany.\n\nChinese people are 中国人 because China is 中国｛ちゅうごく｝, which is the Japanese\n音読{おんよ}み rendering of the Kanji for China (中国 or 中國, if traditional Kanji are\nemployed).\n\n(The United States of) America can be represented with two words: the loan\nword アメリカ, or the 音読み-derived reading of 米国. アメリカ is obvious, but 米国 exists\nbecause of the 当｛あ｝て字｛じ｝ for rendering the word America: 亜米利加. The 米 was\npreserved to make the word 米国, which also means America.\n\nTherefore, whether you use アメリカ人 or 米国人, it is still the same pattern.\n\nThat means that, just like the other groups you mentioned, they all follow the\npattern:\n\n> _country + 人_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T18:54:19.983",
"id": "61508",
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"last_editor_user_id": "21684",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
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"score": 4
}
] |
61507
|
61508
|
61508
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have my cellphone in japanese to immerse myself as much as I can in the\nlanguage, and when my facebook failed, this message popped up: 「問題が発出した **ため**\nFacebookを終了しました。」 By context I can understand that \"A problem happened with\nFacebook so it needs to be terminated\" but can't understand the 発出したため part. I\nlearned the ため as \"for the sake of\", but I don't think its trying to say \"for\nthe sake of the issue\", right?\n\nThank you before hand.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T20:53:40.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61509",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T01:07:28.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of ため in the next sentence",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[] |
61509
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61511",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm aware that する is the Japanese verb \"To do\". In order to conjugate this\nverb using the Ta form for past tense we of course just replace する with し and\nadd our polite form ます with the た to make しました, so my question is this.\n\nDoes this logically make sense to a native Japanese person? If I want to know\n\"Who did it?\" as in \"Who committed the crime?\", \"Who did the thing?\" etc. Is\nthis sentence really that simple?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T22:22:12.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61510",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T18:02:35.600",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T02:31:17.503",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "誰はしました。Who did it?",
"view_count": 575
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you might have learned with respect to the は in the phrase, the Japanese\nlanguage, and specifically its grammar, is driven by a system of particles. In\nthis case, you have probably yet to learn that there is a particle that\ncorresponds to questions. This is the か particle, and is placed at the end of\na sentence or phrase that is meant to be a question. Consider its use to be\nsimilar, but not exactly the same, as using a question mark in the English\nlanguage, and it is voiced.\n\nThe か particle transforms a statement into a question, like so:\n\n> これはあなたのえんぴつです。 \n> This is your pencil.\n>\n> これはあなたのえんぴつです **か** 。 \n> Is this your pencil?\n\nNote that all that changed was the addition of the か particle at the end.\n\nIn the case of your not-yet-a-question statement, you'll need to do the same:\n\n> だれはしました **か** 。 \n> Who did it?\n\nThis is technically ungrammatical, so you'll need another particle here: the が\nparticle. This particle generally marks the direct subject of the sentence. In\nthis phrase, it replaces the は particle (which can be considered a \"topic\"\nparticle). Question words in question sentences are automatically the explicit\nfocus of the sentence, so they take the が particle instead of は, when asking a\nquestion.\n\nPutting it all together, then we have:\n\n> だれ **が** しましたか。 \n> Who did it?\n\nNow this sentence is grammatically correct. There are still more natural ways\nto express this question, especially depending on the context you'd be asking\nit in, but without a little more studying from your part, this is as good as\nthis will get.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-14T22:51:31.780",
"id": "61511",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "61510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61510
|
61511
|
61511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61515",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know, generally, multiples of the same particles in a sentence is okaaay,\nbut perhaps not natural-sounding in everyday conversation? I'm trying to\ncreate longer sentences by stringing together clauses:\n\nninjaっぽいになるために、日光に行った。\n\nCan any particles be dropped here? What should I change? As I understand, へ is\nused to emphasize direction, but I feel like I should be emphasizing the\nactual location.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T02:12:55.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61513",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T03:10:10.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T03:06:09.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "31268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Too many ni particles in one sentence?",
"view_count": 266
}
|
[
{
"body": "「～っぽいになる」 is grammatically incorrect. 「～っぽい」 conjugates to 「～っぽく」 in the\nadverbial/continuative form. cf: 「かわいい」→「かわいく」\n\n日光に行った can be rephrased as 日光へ行った without changing the meaning. (～ヘ行った sounds\na tiny little bit more formal to my native ear.)\n\nSo you can say:\n\n> Ninjaっぽくなるために、日光に行った。 \n> Ninjaっぽくなるために、日光へ行った。\n\n(You could also drop the に in ために, as in 「Ninjaっぽくなるため、日光へ行った。」 but this would\nsound pretty formal.)\n\nYou can also use 「なりたくて」, \"wanting/hoping to be~\", as in:\n\n> Ninjaっぽくなりたくて、日光に行った。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T02:45:59.913",
"id": "61515",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T03:10:10.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T03:10:10.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61513
|
61515
|
61515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61528",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does this make sense and what does it mean?\n\nそのあとで、日本語がとくいだことになったと思います。\n\nDoes this translate to: After that I think I became good at Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T05:59:03.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61516",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T16:38:26.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20089",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Is this a correct use of 〜ことになる?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "No. If it's 日本語が得意{とくい} **な** ことになった, it means \"I ended up being regarded to\nbe good at Japanese (against truth)\", though.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T12:35:49.700",
"id": "61522",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T12:35:49.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You could say:\n\n日本語が得意になったと思います。\n\nことになる has a different meaning. According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese\nGrammar\", page 202: \"An event takes place as if spontaneously, irrespective of\nthe speaker's volition.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T16:38:26.157",
"id": "61528",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T16:38:26.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61516
|
61528
|
61528
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61527",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've [read](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/chapter1_summary)\nthat はじめました or 〜まして is a shortened form of an expression originally meaning “I\nmeet you for the first time”. If that's true, then what is the full\nexpression?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T08:24:17.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61517",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T15:57:30.137",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T10:51:21.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "30465",
"owner_user_id": "30465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "What is the full expression of hajimemashite / 始めまして?",
"view_count": 423
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the dictionary it is short for はじめてお目にかかります。\n\n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/176053/meaning/m0u/はじめまして/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/176053/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6/)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T15:57:30.137",
"id": "61527",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T15:57:30.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61517
|
61527
|
61527
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate these two sentences:\n\n> Question: \"D-BOYSで仲良いのはやっぱり、あらやんですか？\" \n> Answer: \"ベタだけどやっぱり仲間が1番しっくりくるかな。\"\n\nIs it OK to translate them like this?\n\n> Q: Among the D-BOYS, the person closer to you is Arayan, after all? \n> A: It's a cliché but I guess all my friends are the best match for me.\n\nAny help would be really appreciated. Thank you very much!!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T08:28:06.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61518",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T07:24:24.990",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T08:31:11.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Could someone please check if this translation is accurate?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ベタだけどやっぱり仲間が1番しっくりくるかな。\n\n * This ベタだ implies \"(What I am saying from now is) unsurprising / uninteresting\". He said this because he felt his answer might be disappointing to the interviewer and his fans.\n * 仲間がしっくりくる in this context (probably) means \"I'm (most) comfortable if I call him a 仲間\" or \"the most fitting word to describe Arayan is 仲間\".\n\nSo, instead of directly saying \"Yes\" or \"No\", I think he said the relationship\nwith Arayan is best described as [仲間 rather than\n友達](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22957/5010). That is, he\neuphemistically denied Arayan is his personal\n[仲良し](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BB%B2%E8%89%AF%E3%81%97).\n\n(I said _probably_ because his reply might be interpreted in a different way\ndepending on the following sentence. Is that all he said as the ansewr?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T07:12:30.793",
"id": "61608",
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"score": 1
}
] |
61518
| null |
61608
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61523",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’m trying to understand the difference between「長」,「長い」and「長く」\n\nI believe they all mean “long”, but I’m not sure what context to use each one\nin.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T09:09:31.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61519",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T12:57:42.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What’s the difference between 「長」,「長い」and「長く」？",
"view_count": 364
}
|
[
{
"body": "長い is a form in the present tense as an adjective.\n\n長く is an adverbial form.\n\n長 is a stem (a part that doesn't change by infection) or a component/suffix\nfor compound words like 面長{おもなが} or 足長｛あしなが｝.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T12:57:42.557",
"id": "61523",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61519
|
61523
|
61523
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence:\n\n> \"重大{じゅうだい}な事実{じじつ}っすか！なんかチョーイミシンッ！\"\n\nI can't seem to find the meaning for the second part \"チョーイミシンッ\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T11:08:13.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61520",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T14:56:02.493",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T14:56:02.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31229",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "What does \"チョーイミシンッ\" mean?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's 超 (\"super\") + 意味深 (\"profound\") in kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T01:40:46.540",
"id": "61556",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61520",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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61520
| null |
61556
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the course of my study I've come across several words which all seemed to\nhave a high degree of overlap, in that they all essentially meant 'to tease,\nto bully, to torment'. If possible I'd like to know if the following words\nreally are as similar as dictionaries would make them seem:\n\n * [苛]{いじ}める\n * [虐]{いじ}める\n * [苛]{さいな}む\n * [甚振]{いた・ぶ}る\n * [焦]{じ}らす\n * [揶揄]{から・か}う\n * [詰]{なじ}る\n * [嬲]{なぶ}る\n\nMany thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T11:54:26.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-22T08:01:40.157",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T15:45:29.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "31273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Differentiating between the many words for bullying, teasing and tormenting",
"view_count": 489
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a long intro to explain a concept. Bear with me.\n\nIf you think of the lexical inventory of a language as a patchwork quilt, with\neach lexeme/patch covering a specific aspect of the lived reality/experience\nof the language’s native speakers, languages which are related have similar\narrangements of patches. Unrelated languages have dissimilar arrangements.\n\nThe arrangements of English and Japanese are very different. Take “run” and\n走る. 男の子が走っている overlaps closely with “the boy is running,” but 車が走っている doesn’t\nmean “the car is running.” It means “the car is in motion.” To say “the car is\nrunning” you’d have to say something like エンジンがかかっている, ie something totally\ndifferent.\n\nIf you look at the dictionary entry for 走る, the dictionary compilers try to\ncommunicate all the different meanings, but ultimately you have to look at it\nfrom the perspective of inside the language, and not via J>E dictionary\nentries. All of those words, when translated into English, do come out\nsounding very similar, but in Japanese, the way they are used is very\ndifferent.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:48:40.540",
"id": "61744",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:48:40.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9306",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "First of all, I rarely see most of them at least in newspapers. It might be\nused in some literature. Also, I am pretty sure we don't write these in Kanji\nusually. But here are my personal thoughts.\n\nいじめる implies physical abuse. I sometimes see 虐める in the sense of 虐待{ぎゃくたい}\nsuch as child abuse, sexual abuse etc. I see 苛める pretty rare.\n\nI usually see さいなむ in a passive tense, [苛]{さいな}まれる. It means a person is\npsychologically stressed by something. I rarely see using it for a physical\nstress.\n\nいたぶる is close to いじめる, implies physical abuse, but I don't see it often.\n\nじらす is different. It means keeping someone in suspense.\n\nFor me, からかう、なじる、なぶる all implies verbal abuse. からかう is a common word, but we\nrarely use the latter two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T06:14:23.823",
"id": "62428",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-25T07:50:15.530",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-25T07:50:15.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "31716",
"parent_id": "61521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61521
| null |
62428
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Should I use (に or で) for the following lines? Since they are time periods, I\nthought に would be correct, according to [this\npage](https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/de-ni.html \"section header labeled Times\"):\n\n> Times\n>\n> The particle ni is usually used with times: \n> Go-ji ni kaerimasu(５時にかえります), \"I'll go home at five o'clock\". \n> The particle de may also be used to show the time when something finishes: \n> (授業は５時で終ります) \"The class finishes at five o'clock.\"\n\n1-3節目はこの形式で書かれています。\n\n> 赤は。。。/ 夕日の暖かさ / 色づく秋の葉 / 何とか何とか何とか\n\nConcluding stanza:\n\n> On a serene winter's eve / on a spring morn / on a hot summer's day / on a\n> quiet autumn afternoon \n> Red is the color of life.\n\n最後のスタンザ [節]\n\n> 穏やかな冬の夜に / 春の朝に / 暑い夏の日に / 静かな秋の午後に \n> 赤は生活の色である。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T14:53:04.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61525",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-23T05:56:23.277",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-23T05:56:23.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31080",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "\"~Ni\" or \"~De\"?",
"view_count": 454
}
|
[
{
"body": "に is correct for that type of time expression (夏の夕暮れに). で in 5時で終わる can be\nunderstood as 5時になったら終わる, but you can also use 5時に終わる. The nuance is slightly\ndifferent (に sounds like it was planned to end at five, whereas で sounds like\nmaybe the ending time depends on eg how much work is completed by that time\netc).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:37:02.167",
"id": "61741",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:37:02.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9306",
"parent_id": "61525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Here's what my reference book (A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar) has to\nsay:\n\nXで can indicate that something lasts for a period of time up to X.\n\nに can be used in place of で in this case. However, the nuance is different.\nWhen で is used, the nuance is that the event lasts up to X. When に is used, it\nsimply indicates the time when X ends.\n\nFurther, when X indicates a duration of time, で indicates how long an action\ntook, and に is ungrammatical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-01-22T22:41:00.533",
"id": "93078",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-22T22:41:00.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "48969",
"parent_id": "61525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61525
| null |
61741
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61557",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following situation in some fiction I'm reading. Person B comes to\na world looking to do something. Person A arrives afterward looking for B. As\nsoon as A arrives she starts monologuing about probable B's intentions.\nSomething along the lines \"She'll first go for 'group of people' and after\ncontacting them she'll go for 'Plot relevant thing' that somehow ended up here\nand try to acquire and bring it back home.\"\n\nAfter recounting what she thinks B's plan/objective (目的) is she says the\nfollowing line:\n\n> その方法までは解読できませんでしたが\n>\n> こんな遠い世界の情報収集なんて\n>\n> B独りでは無理でしょうし…\n\nAs of now it seems she is saying:\n\n> Up until that method/plan it's undecipherable (the rest of the data) but it\n> seems plain that it B couldn't have gathered this much info on so far away a\n> world alone...\n\nThe thing that bothers me is that その方法までは because I'm not sure what that is\nsupposed to convey. I'm assuming that その方法 is the plan she just described. And\nso she is basically saying that everything before that plan in the database is\nunreadable. But it kinda feels strange to say UP UNTIL in this kind of\ncontext.\n\nSo, am I right oooooorrr.....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T15:03:44.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61526",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T03:06:50.577",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "その方法までは解読できません the role of まで and the meaning of the entire line",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[
{
"body": "その方法 should be simply \"the method for (achieving) that\". So there is a\ncontrast between \"the plan (itself)\" and \"the method to complete the plan\". In\nother words, she's saying she could decipher what B wanted to do, but not\n_how_ B could achieve it. (I'm assuming the context you provided is reliable.\nIf you want ask about what その refers to, please do not omit the previous\nsentences in Japanese...)\n\nThis まで is \"to the point\", \"as far as\", \"to an extent\". In positive sentences\nit can be simply translated as \"even\". See\n[this](https://j-nihongo.com/made/).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T02:16:14.970",
"id": "61557",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T03:06:50.577",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61526",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61526
|
61557
|
61557
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61539",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title is explicit, what's the difference between **試験する** and **受験する** ?\nAccording to my dictionnary they both mean \"to pass an exam\", but I guess\nthere is a nuance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-15T21:59:27.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61534",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T04:49:44.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "what's the difference between 試験する and 受験する?",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "試験する: to make experiments on something or someone. \n受験する: take an examination\n\n試験する \nexperiment ((on animals/with medicine)); test ((a thing)); put ((a thing)) to\nthe test \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/試験する/#je-30916](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E8%A9%A6%E9%A8%93%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B/#je-30916)\n\n受験する \n受験の準備をする \nprepare for an examination\n\n私立校を受験する \ntake [((英))sit (for)] an entrance examination to [for] a private school \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/受験/#je-34394](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%8F%97%E9%A8%93/#je-34394)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T04:49:44.050",
"id": "61539",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T04:49:44.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61534
|
61539
|
61539
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is it 節 that goes in __ in the following, not 様 or 柄？\n部長は、毎日残業するのを当たり前だと思っている__がある。 This is a question in a textbook I'm using to\nprep for NI JLPT, and 節 is given as the answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T00:40:48.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61535",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T04:41:42.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31276",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "I could use help with the finer nuances of 節、柄、and 様。",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the dictionary:\n\nふし【節】心のとまるところ。…と思われる点。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/192283/meaning/m1u/節/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/192283/meaning/m1u/%E7%AF%80/) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/節/#je-65902](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%AF%80/#je-65902) \n\nExamples: \n疑{うたが}わしい節{ふし}が二、三ある。 \nThere are 2 or 3 suspicious items.\n\n彼{かれ}の説{せつ}にはどうかと思{おも}われる節{ふし}が二，三ある。 \nThere are a few disputable points in his theory.\n\nふし is some characteristic, irregularity, something weird that may catch your\nattention.\n\nSo the manager (部長) thinks it is normal to work extra hours every day, but the\nwriter thinks it is weird.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-16T04:41:42.323",
"id": "61538",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
61535
| null |
61538
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61555",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So far I knew 父, お父さん and パパ mean father in japanese. But then I saw other\ncompounds which apparently mean father like 父上, 乃父 (I dont know how these are\npronounced by the way). Are there many other ways to say father in japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T02:43:47.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61536",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T01:34:24.773",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-16T02:58:43.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How many ways to say father are there in japanese?",
"view_count": 1092
}
|
[
{
"body": "Ones used by real ordinary native speakers:\n\n * お父さん (very neutral and safe)\n * おとん (informal)\n * おやじ (informal)\n * パパ (mainly by female/young speakers)\n * とうちゃん (informal)\n\nUsed only as a third-person honorific pronoun:\n\n * ご尊父 (honorific)\n\nRare ones used mainly in fiction:\n\n * お父様 (noble)\n * ダディー\n * 父上 / 父上様 (samurai-sh)\n\nThere may be even rarer ones, but this should be enough.\n\n* * *\n\n乃父 is not a word but a combination of\n[乃](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32294/5010) and 父【ちち】.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T01:34:24.773",
"id": "61555",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61536
|
61555
|
61555
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61541",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following part of a sentence:\n\n> 親切に教えて **くれた** 。\n\nHere, the subject of the sentence is the person who is the \"giver\".\nFurthermore, \"親切に\" is like an adverb for 教えてくれた. In English, a potential\ntranslation is \"she kindly taught me\".\n\nNow consider this alternate phrasing:\n\n> 親切に教えて **もらった** 。\n\nHere, the subject of the sentence is the person who is the \"receiver\". To show\nthis, we might translate the sentence like \"I had her teach me\".\n\nThe problem is: **what does 親切に (\"kindly\") mean in this case?**\n\nAs far as English is concerned, there is definitely a difference between\n\n> I kindly had her teach me\n\nversus\n\n> I had her kindly teach me\n\n... which brings us to another question: In \"親切に教えてくれた\", is it the teaching\nthat is done kindly, or is it the \"giving\" that is done kindly?\n\nIn conclusion, how are くれる and もらう affected by adverbs, and how do adverbs\nchange when changing a sentence from くれる to もらう?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T04:37:43.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61537",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-16T04:54:45.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "25859",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "How do adverbs change when changing くれる to もらう?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "I will start from the end. くれる and もらう are auxiliary verbs, which modify main\nverb. Auxiliary verbs never modified by adverbs. So, in both cases it is\n\"kindly taught\".\n\nAlso, adverbs is not always sound natural in English if translated literally,\nthat doesn't mean they changed somehow in Japanese.\n\nSecond sentence may be translated as\n\n> I was kindly taught.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T07:49:18.057",
"id": "61541",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T07:49:18.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30982",
"parent_id": "61537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61537
|
61541
|
61541
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61543",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have read this sentence in my book :\n\n> 山田{やまだ}さんは毎朝{まいあさ}６時{じ}に **起きます{おきます}** 。\n\n * Why isn't the present continuous used ( **起きています** ) since it is obviously a habit for Yamada-san to wake up at 6 every morning?\n\n * Is it because we already have 毎朝 in the sentence? But then, would it mean that the `-ます form` is prefered over the `-ています form` if the meaning of a sentence is clear enough?\n\n * Then, does it sound weird to use the `present continuous` in that kind of sentences?\n\n * If my assumption is wrong, what is the difference between this sentence and the same one with `-ています form`?\n\n* * *\n\n**To go further…**\n\nCould this sentence be translated to future as:\n\n> Mr Yamada will get up at 6 every morning.\n\nDoes it depend only on context or would we need to add some words to make sure\nwe understand it as future tense?\n\n* * *\n\n**Ressources**\n\n * Wasabi-jpn.com [\"Customary Actions: the Plain Form VS. the Te-form + いる\"](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/present-progressive-tense-resultant-states-with-te-form/#4)\n\n * From another book:\n\n> The -ています form can also be used to express a customary and repeated action\n> that takes place through a certain period of time.\n>\n> _Examples:_\n>\n\n>> ぎんこうにつとめています。 I work in a bank.\n\n>>\n\n>> あねは英語{えいご}の先生{せんせい}をしています。 My sister is an English teacher.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T09:37:31.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61542",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-04T08:43:46.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-21T17:54:04.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "30812",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "-ています / present continuous form not used in habitual action",
"view_count": 851
}
|
[
{
"body": "Using ている form for habitual actions, compared with the one without it, implies\nthat the speaker is to some extent conscious of period that the habitual\naction continues for.\n\nIn other words, 山田さんは毎朝６時に起きている implies that the speaker is conscious that\nYamada wouldn't necessarily get up at 6 in past, and won't necessarily keep\nhis habit forever.\n\nSo, the reason why it doesn't use ている form is that the speaker is not\nparticularly conscious of sense of period as mentioned above.\n\nIn this regard, it sounds too fatal to apply permanent action, namely,\nhabitual one without ている to what's generally introduced as examples of\nhabitual actions in textbooks e.g. 学校へ通っている or 店で働いている.\n\nWhen you consider an example like 人は空気を吸う, you won't really wonder why it's\nnot ている, will you? 毎朝起きる is kinda in-between, but at least, it's not unnatural\nto use permanent action.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T11:44:29.027",
"id": "61543",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T11:44:29.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "According to [\"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page\n155](https://japbase.neocities.org/full_day.html#%E3%8A%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B\\(2\\)): \n\n> いる: Someone or something is doing something he or it started some time ago,\n> or is in a state created by an action he or it took some time ago.\n\nExamples paraphrased from the book: \n\n> 彼{かれ}は酒{さけ}を飲{の}んでいる。 \n> He is drinking sake.\n>\n> 彼{かれ}は話{はな}している。 \n> He is talking.\n>\n> 彼{かれ}は食{た}べている。 \n> He is eating.\n\n> If Verb-て is a verb indicating a momentary action which cannot be repeated,\n> Verb-て expresses the idea that something happened to X and X maintains the\n> state which was created by that event.\n\nExamples: \n\n> 山田{やまだ}さんは起{お}きている。 \n> Mr. Yamada is awake. (Mr. Yamada woke up some time ago and still awake now)\n>\n> リンゴは腐{くさ}っている。 (Example paraphrased from the book) \n> The apple is rotten. (the apple rotted some time ago, and is still rotten\n> now)\n\n> Verb-ている also expresses a habitual action (...) Example: \n>\n>\n> 山田{やまだ}さんは毎日{まいにち}４キロ走{はし}っている。 \n> Mr. Yamada runs 4 km every day.\n\nBut in the case of punctual verbs, I believe the meaning above takes\nprecedence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T16:49:54.203",
"id": "61547",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-04T08:34:31.320",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-04T08:34:31.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "_I wanted to edit user4092's answer, but it was too drastic. I've been advised\nby a moderator to make it a separate answer as it introduces new terminology._\n\n* * *\n\n### ている form - Temporary custom\n\nUsing `ている form` for customary actions, compared with just the `plain form`,\nimplies that the speaker is, to some extent, conscious of a **period of time**\nthat the customary action continues for.\n\n> 山田さんは毎朝６時に **起きている** 。\n\nIn other words, the above sentence implies that the speaker is conscious that\nYamada wouldn't necessarily get up at 6 in past, and **won't necessarily keep\nhis habit forever**. _He wakes up at 6 \"these days\"_, it is a **temporary\ncustom**.\n\nSo, the reason why it doesn't use `ている form` is that **the speaker is not\nparticularly conscious of a sense of time** as mentioned above, or doesn't\nwant to imply one.\n\n* * *\n\n### Plain form - \"Permanent\" custom\n\nIn this regard, it sounds too fatal to apply the `plain form` (without ている) as\nin a **permanent action** to **common examples of habitual actions** in\ntextbooks such as:\n\n> 学校{がっこう}へ[通]{かよ}っている。 _I go to school._\n>\n> 店{みせ}で[働]{はたら}いている。 _I work in a shop._\n\nConsider an example like this one:\n\n> 人{ひと}は空気{くうき}を[吸]{す}う。 _Humans breathe air._\n\nYou don't wonder why `ている form` is not used, do you? Because **it's not a\ntemporary custom, but a permanent one**.\n\n毎朝起きる is kinda **in-between**. **It's not unnatural to use permanent action\nbut both forms are fine**.\n\n* * *\n\nSource: [Wasabi-jpn.com on \"Customary Actions\"](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/present-progressive-tense-resultant-states-with-te-\nform/#4)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T07:36:28.507",
"id": "61664",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-04T08:43:46.367",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"parent_id": "61542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61542
|
61543
|
61543
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "First, I would like to yet thank all the community for your great exchange\nwork ! I wish I can participate one day when I get a better understanding of\njapanese language.\n\nI am learning japanese as an autodidact and so i try different type of\nexercices. One of them is to study some texts coming from the anime キャプテン翼\n[Captain Tsubasa]. I put japanese audio with english subtitles.\n\nIn episode 2, 翼 (the hero) receives a letter from his father. We can see this\nletter on screen, but the quality back in 1983 and handwritten style makes it\nsometimes quite hard to decrypt. The aim of this question is not to ask for\ntranslation of the letter, but rather understand some parts of it that I could\nnot do by myself despite my researches.\n\nThe context : 翼 receives a letter from his father explaining him that a famous\nbrazilian footballer has to come from Brazil and stay at 翼 house for a while.\n\nIn the letter, we find the following sentence (as least if i could read it\nwell) : \n事{じ}情{じょう}がわって当{とう}分{ぶん}の間{あいだ}、日本にいることになったんだ。 \n[For personal reasons, he will stay at our house in Japan for a while].\n\nI am there in trouble with the 事情がわって part. I can't understand what がわって\nstands for. The best I could find is maybe the using of 変{か}わる verb which\nmight lead to [for changing reasons] or [because of a change in his state of\nbeing]. But the problem is that 変 reads か, not が, so I think my explanation is\ncertainly wrong.\n\nDoes anyone have a better understanding of this word/verb ? It will be very\ninteresting to get any other point of view in order to understand this\nsentence the best way.\n\nThank you in advance,\n\nNatsu",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T13:07:34.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61544",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T13:07:34.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31282",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Understanding the meaning of 事情がわって",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[] |
61544
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61572",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there more appropriate/creative/natural ways this could be translated\nother than a literal sense?\n\nA literal rendering to me would be like...\n\n> 痛みは成長の門口です",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T16:47:56.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61546",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-11T07:41:30.273",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-11T07:41:30.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "3585",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Different ways to translate “Pain is the gateway to growth”?",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you want to play it safe, 人は痛みによって成長する or 痛みは人を成長させる should make sense,\nalthough uninteresting. If you want something more literal and figurative,\n痛みは成長の入り口 should make enough sense. 門口 is a fairly rare word. You can omit\nだ/です in a proverb-like catchphrase like this.\n\n**EDIT:** (Regarding 痛み vs 苦しみ) If \"pain\" in this context refers to sad life\nexperiences (e.g., heartbreak, failure to pass an audition, someone's death),\nthen I see no reason not to use 痛み. It's at least more literal. 痛み [safely\nrefers to both physical pain and psychological\npain](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/12186/meaning/m0u/%E7%97%9B%E3%81%BF/),\nand this type of 痛み is essentially a synonym for 悲しみ or つらい経験. See [how 痛み is\nused in lyrics](https://www.uta-\nnet.com/user/index_search/search2.html?frm=ichiran&kw=%E7%97%9B%E3%81%BF). 苦しみ\nis also used both in physical and psychological senses, but IMO it tends to\nrefer to longstanding struggle/hardship/suffering rather than one-time\nsadness. 痛みによって成長した sounds like you experienced something terribly bad, but\nlearned some lesson and became stronger or smarter. 苦しみによって成長した sounds to me\nlike you have been struggling in difficult situations (such as poverty).",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T15:38:39.783",
"id": "61572",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T10:59:15.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T10:59:15.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61546",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61546
|
61572
|
61572
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61551",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "To my understanding the sentence 「何も悪い事は聞いた事がありません」means something along the\nlines of “I have’nt heard any bad things”. What I’m confused about though are\nthese words: 「 **何も** 悪い **事** は聞いた **事** がありません」As far as I now all three of\nthese mean “thing”. So why is this word used three times in this sentence,\nwhat use does each one serve?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T20:29:40.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61548",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T21:26:39.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "I’m confused about the sentence 「何も悪い事は聞いた事がありません」",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "ことがある is a set phrase that when combined with the past tense (た form) of a\nverb, means \"have had the experience of doing V\". The word こと here doesn't\nhave any meaning in and of itself; it's a nominalizer that turns the verb\nphrase into a noun so that you can talk about it as a concept:\n\n> 悪いことは聞かなかった。\n\nI didn't hear a bad thing.\n\n> 悪いことは聞いたことがありません。\n\nI haven't heard a bad thing. (Lit.: the act of hearing a bad thing doesn't\nexist)\n\nThe first こと in this sentence literally means (intangible) \"thing.\"\n\nFinally, 何も means \"not any\" or \"nothing.\" Without it, the sentence could be\nconstrued to mean \"I haven't heard the bad thing.\" With it, it becomes \"I\nhaven't heard _any_ bad things.\" 何も doesn't mean \"thing.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T21:24:42.847",
"id": "61550",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T21:24:42.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "61548",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 何も\n\nThis modifies 悪い事 and means \"any/all\"\n\n> 悪い事\n\nYou said it yourself \"bad _things_ \" so 事 here can be translated as \"thing\"\n\n> 聞いた事がありません\n\nThis is part of the [past tense verb]+ことがある construction meaning that there\nwas a time where the action occurred or that the speaker is expressing their\nexperiences. This manifests itself in your translation \"I haven't heard any\nbad things\" which contrasts something else like \"I didn't hear any bad things\"\n\nPutting it all together makes something like \"I haven't heard any bad things\"\nor \"I've never heard anything bad\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T21:26:39.503",
"id": "61551",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-16T21:26:39.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30941",
"parent_id": "61548",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61548
|
61551
|
61550
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why does my textbook give 売らんがための as the phrase for ____ in\nこの雑誌には＿＿＿誇張表現が多いようだ and not 売るべく? From the usage info they give, either should\nwork as both have volitional verbs before the ___. Is it that 表現が多いようだ is not\nexpressing volition that makes 売るべく not appropriate? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T21:15:39.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61549",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T13:03:01.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31276",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "んがため vs. べく help",
"view_count": 257
}
|
[
{
"body": "売るべく works adverbially, 売らんがため **の** works adjectivally (and 売らんがため without の\nworks adverbially). The modified phrase, 誇張表現, is a noun phrase, so it should\nbe modified by an adjectival expression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T01:25:27.753",
"id": "61554",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T01:25:27.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61549",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "売らんが為の誇張表現 \nexaggerated expressions in order to sell\n\n売るべき誇張表現 \nexaggerated expressions that should be sold.\n\nべきだ is used to express duty, obligation, something that you should do. \nんが為 is used to express purpose, reason, motivation.\n\nSo the advertisers will use outlandish expression in order to sell more. \nBut they are not legally or morally obligated to sell. So 売るべき doesn't make\nmuch sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T13:03:01.310",
"id": "61568",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T13:03:01.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61549",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61549
| null |
61554
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61553",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Im reading up again on how particles should be used properly in Japanese.\n\nWriting this sentence: 「私の車を壊れてです。」I am trying to say, \"my car is broken.\"\n\nNow, using the guide in the link given\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles) it states:\n\n> The 「を」 character is attached to the end of a word to signify that that word\n> is the direct object of the verb.\n\nIf that is the absolute truth then that means that my sentence given\npreviously 私の車を壊れてです。」is incorrect as the を particle only works on direct\nobjects of a verb, in this case I do not have a verb, rather I have an\nadjective: 壊れて (Broken).\n\nAm I correct in thinking that the proper way of writing this sentence has to\nuse either:\n\n * The は particle「私の車は壊れてです。」 OR\n * The が particle「私の車が壊れてです。」\n\nIn place of を in order for the sentence to be correct? I'm still learning\nabout proper particle use, so any guidance on the limitations of the を\nparticle would be super useful here.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-16T23:56:15.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61552",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T01:19:35.050",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T00:04:12.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "30741",
"owner_user_id": "30741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Using the を particle correctly",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "壊れて is not an adjective but the te-form of the intransitive verb 壊れる (\"to get\nout of order\", \"to break (down)\"). This means it's never followed by です. An\nintransitive verb does not take を. 私の車 is the subject, not the object, of the\nsentence.\n\nThe correct Japanese sentence is:\n\n> 私の車は壊れています。 \n> My car is broken. (literally \"My car has broken down.\")\n\nIf you don't know about ている form, please see: [When is Vている the continuation\nof action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T01:19:35.050",
"id": "61553",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T01:19:35.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61552",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61552
|
61553
|
61553
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61560",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The word もっとも has a few different uses. For example, jisho.org lists the\nfollowing:\n\n> **最も（もっとも）**\n>\n> Adverb\n>\n> 1. most; extremely\n>\n\n>\n> Other forms\n>\n> 最も 【もとも】、尤も 【もっとも】、尤も 【もとも】\n\n* * *\n\n> **尤も（もっとも）**\n>\n> Conjunction\n>\n> 1. but then; although; though (Usually written using kana alone)\n>\n\n>\n> Na-adjective, Noun\n>\n> 1. reasonable; natural; just (Usually written using kana alone)\n>\n\nAccording to super daijirin, these words have the following pitch accent\npatterns:\n\n最も: もっとも{LHHL}\n\n尤も: もっとも{LHHL} **or** もっとも{HLLL}\n\nConsidering that 尤も has these two potential pitch accent patterns, when should\nもっとも be pronounced as もっとも{LHHL}, and when should it be pronounced as\nもっとも{HLLL}?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T03:11:09.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61559",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T15:08:23.153",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Different pitch accent patterns of もっとも?",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think [最も](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%80%E3%82%82) and\n[尤も](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%A4%E3%82%82) are identical in terms\nof pitch accent. They are both pronounced もっとも【LHHL】. As an exception,\n[御尤も](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%A4%E3%82%82) is a fixed\nexpression that is pronounced like ごもっとも【LHLLL】 (the kanji is rarely used).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T06:02:32.813",
"id": "61560",
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"last_editor_user_id": "25859",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61559",
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"score": 2
}
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61559
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61560
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm having trouble interpreting the following passage. None of the definition\nof ばかり seems to fit. Can someone help me please?\n\n> お前．．．全部C先輩のせいみたいに言うなよな。根拠もねーくせに．．．\n>\n> A君のそういう．．．肝心なとこばっかにぶいとこ。Bちゃん嫌いじゃねーけど\n>\n> いつか命取りになっても．．．しらないよ。\n\nThe ばっか is in the second line.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T06:15:42.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61561",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T13:47:38.487",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-ばかり"
],
"title": "Which ばっか is used in the following passage?",
"view_count": 569
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ばっか is an informal version of ばかり, and it does mean \"only\".\n\n> 肝心なとこばっかにぶいとこ \n> = 肝心なところばかり(が/で)鈍い【にぶい】ところ \n> = (Your character of being) insensible only to important things (or only in\n> important situations)\n\n(This remark is often used to describe a male character in a certain type of\nlight-novel/manga, where he is surprisingly unaware of the fact that he is\nliked by surrounding girls.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T06:51:33.910",
"id": "61562",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T06:57:08.623",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T06:57:08.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61561",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61561
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61565",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It comes from the video game title.\n\n> 過{す｝ぎ去｛さ｝り **し** 時｛とき｝を求｛もと｝めて\n\nI looked up in online dictionary thinking that it should be a conjugated form\nof the verb 去る but it is not.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T08:38:01.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61564",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T13:44:11.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"auxiliary-き"
],
"title": "What does the kana 「し」 do in this phrase?",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is a verb conjugation from classical Japanese and it still remains in some\nexpressions.\n\nPast tense in classical Japanese was formed by taking the 連用形 (the verb stem)\nand adding a helping verb. This suffix し indicates the 連体形 (attributive, it\nmodifies 時).\n\n```\n\n 去りし ＝ 去った\n \n```\n\nThe particular helping verb is き in this case and is used for past tense that\nyou experienced yourself or know by certainty.\n\nFor other types of past tense, e.g. something you've been told, the helping\nverb けり is used.\n\nHere you can find more details, although in Japanese: <https://kobun-\nbenkyou.jimdo.com/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E/%E3%81%8D-%E3%81%91%E3%82%8A/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T09:10:57.313",
"id": "61565",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T09:20:59.970",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T09:20:59.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "20305",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "61564",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61564
|
61565
|
61565
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 報酬 **分** は働かせてもらうよ。もちろん追加をもらえりゃあ、その **分** よく働くってもんさ。\n\nThe first sentence is ambiguous to me. Is the second sentence actually an\nexplanation of the first sentence here, i.e. \"let me work the amount\nappropriate to the amount that you pay me\" and that the first 分 and the second\n分 are being used in the same manner here?\n\nThere is a later passage with a similarly ambiguous statement:\n\n> 出撃の時はあたしに任せな。報酬 **分** はきっちり働くよ。こう見えて、雇い主を満足させる女なのさ。\n\nThanks for any help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T09:20:02.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61566",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-17T13:53:22.367",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-17T13:53:22.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "How to interpret 分 in the following passage",
"view_count": 352
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first 分 is described below. \nIt is attached after nouns and expresses the idea of equivalence, or\ncorrespondence. Examples: \n増加分: An amount equivalent to the increase. \n苦労分: An amount equivalent to the the effort. \n五日分: An amount equivalent to 5 days. \n\n他の名詞につけて用いる。 \n㋐それに相当するもの、それに見合うものの意を表す。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/197124/meaning/m1u/分/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/197124/meaning/m1u/%E5%88%86/)\n\nThe second 分 is described below. \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/其の分/#je-44193](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%85%B6%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86/#je-44193) \nIt is used as an expression \"その分\" and means \"to the same amount\", \"to the same\nrate\", \"to the same proportion\".\n\nSo the translation becomes:\n\n報酬分は働かせてもらうよ。 \nYou have to work as hard as the amount of your salary \nもちろん追加をもらえりゃあ、 \nof course I will pay you more for extra work \nその分よく働くってもんさ。 \nBut in exchange you have to work as hard as I am paying you.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T12:10:09.413",
"id": "61567",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T12:10:09.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61566",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Both instances of 分 are essentially the same, it's a noun/suffix meaning\n\"amount that corresponds to ～\", \"～'s fraction\", \"～'s worth (of something)\".\n\n * 報酬分: (amount of) work that corresponds to my reward; work worth my reward\n * その分: (amount of) work that corresponds to 追加 (additional reward); according to the extra payment\n\nThis person is basically saying the more she is paid, the more earnestly she\nwill work.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [分 in 今回は単行本第三巻予定分から](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30054/5010)\n * [What does 円分 mean after a number?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/47164/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T15:23:58.993",
"id": "61571",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T15:23:58.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61566",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For instance, とじる and しめる. とじる means an activity or a show has finished so\n\"the door is closed\". This word is used in ending or closing something like\n傘をとじる, 本をとじる.\n\nしめる means to tie the bag tight with a string. So this word is used as \"keep\nsomething away\" or \"Don't let something out\". For example, 窓をしめる, 鍋の蓋をしめる.\n\nI am wondering what's the history of 衰える.\n\nAny help is appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T14:18:27.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61569",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T16:55:00.697",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T05:37:28.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "17571",
"owner_user_id": "31223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"history"
],
"title": "衰えるという言葉の由来は何ですか?",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "The main meaning of 衰える is \"to go into a decline\"; it's used with someone or\nsomething which was _once strong or prosperous_. It's typically used with\nthings like a falling country, a human being (physically or socially), a\ntyphoon.\n\nI could not find the etymology of 衰える on the net, but [this word existed 1000\nyears\nago](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5). A\nlarge dictionary about archaic Japanese may have some speculation about the\nhistory, but I doubt it will help you understand the nuance. (I suspect you\nare expecting something interesting [like\nthis](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86#Etymology),\nbut the etymology of 衰える is probably not that interesting or intuitive...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T02:48:00.370",
"id": "61601",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T03:27:18.947",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T03:27:18.947",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61569",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "## The etymology: historical derivation\n\n衰【おとろ】える comes from earlier 衰【おとろ】へる. This is the regular shift to\n下一段活用【しもいちだんかつよう】 conjugation of earlier 下二段活用【しもにだんかつよう】 verb 衰【おとろ】ふ. For\nmore about this verb conjugation pattern, see [the Japanese Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8),\nor more briefly, [the English Wiktionary\nentry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8#Japanese).\n\n衰【おとろ】ふ itself derives from 劣【おと】る in the less-common //o// variant of the\n未然形【みぜんけい】 (irrealis form) + suffix ふ that indicates repetition, ongoing\naction, or continued change.\n\nSo:\n\n * 劣【おと】る: \"to decline in money or amount, to make a loss; to be lesser, to be inferior\" →\n * おとろ + ふ → 衰【おとろ】ふ: \"to be continuously lesser: to become lesser, to become weaker, to be in ongoing decline\" →\n * 衰【おとろ】へる: regular 下一段 shift\n * 衰【おとろ】える: regular shift where mid-word //h//'s disappear\n\n### Sources\n\n * Shogakukan's 国語大辞典: dead tree version\n * Daijisen and Daijirin: entries for 衰える available online via Kotobank [here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A1%B0%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-453573)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T05:58:24.420",
"id": "61605",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 4
}
] |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61575",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あなたの仕事なんですか？ \n> Anata no shigoto nan desu ka?\n\nIs this correct grammatically?\n\nI understand that \"no\" means possession, therefore \"your job\" is this correct\nthinking?\n\nAlso, I heard someone say:\n\n\"Doko no iku ka?\" But shouldn't it be \"Doko ni iku ka?\"\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T16:12:09.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61573",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T17:24:32.817",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T17:03:12.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "11764",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "あなたの仕事なんですか？Anata no shigoto nan desu ka? Is this correct grammatically?",
"view_count": 1720
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have two questions here.\n\n* * *\n\n**First question:**\n\n> あなたの仕事なんですか？\n\nI see one small hiccup with your grammar. As you have noted the `の` is the\npossessive particle here, it is used correctly.\n\nThe hiccup I see is that you are missing the `は` particle in this sentence.\n`は` marks the subject of the sentence (among many other uses). The subject of\nthis sentence is `あなたの仕事.` Therefore, I would correct your sentence to be:\n\n> あなたの仕事｛しごと｝ **は** なんですか？ \n> anata no shigoto **wa** nan desu ka?\n\n* * *\n\n**Second Question:**\n\n> Also, I heard someone say, \"Doko no iku ka?\" But shouldn't it be \"Doko ni\n> iku ka?\"\n\nA [dictionary search of other words spelled iku](https://jisho.org/search/iku)\nmade it clear that there is no _relevant_ noun spelled iku. It is always good\nto check the dictionary for possible duplicate meanings in these cases.\n\nThe iku that you want is\n**[行｛い｝く](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8F)** , or `to go` (among\nother meanings).\n\n> shouldn't it be \"Doko ni iku ka?\"\n\nYes, but I would like to make a point about the use of か here. Using か with\nplain form verbs can come off as abrupt or patronizing if you are not careful.\nAs a beginner, I suggest that you stick to `...ますか` and `...ですか` until you\ngain more experience. Say it like this:\n\n> どこに行｛い｝きますか？ \n> doko ni ikimasu ka?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T17:18:38.347",
"id": "61575",
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"score": 5
}
] |
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61575
|
61575
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I believe 「ここに住所を書いてくださいますか？」 means “Could you please write the address here?”\n\nAnd 「ここに住所を書いてくださいませんか？」 means “Would you please write the address here?”\n\nAn exercise I’m doing shows the second sentence as the correct answer, but to\nmy understanding both sentences are grammatically correct.\n\nAm I right, or am I missing something?\n\nHere’s the exercise, I have to choose what to fit in the gap to make a correct\nsentence.\n\n> ここに住所を書いて_______ か？\n>\n> a. くださいます \n> b. くださいません",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T16:31:36.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61574",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-05T00:03:45.357",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"politeness",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Are both of these correct sentences: 「ここに住所を書いてくださいますか？」「ここに住所を書いてくださいませんか？」？",
"view_count": 472
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\" page 210: \n\"the negative question form makes a request more polite\"\n\nexample: \n明日八時に来てくださいませんか。 \nWould you please come at eight o'clock tomorrow?\n\nBut it doesn't say anything about the positive question form.\n\nBut the site below says that くださいますか is correct: \n結論からいうと、「くださいますか」は日本語として正しいです。 \n<https://www.rirekisyodo.com/study/doublehonorific-point.html>\n\nMy guess is that your exercise was based on grammar books which still don't\nrecognize the positive question form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T02:12:16.260",
"id": "61660",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T02:12:16.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61574",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61574
| null |
61660
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am working on a tool that I want to translate to Japanese and wanted to\nconfirm if I am using the correct version and grammar of the words.\n\nWhen i translated both \"is equal to\" and \"equals\" in Google translate I always\ngot `等しい`. Why is the same word used regardless of grammar? Is that correct?\n\nFor equals I see so many variations of `等しい`",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T17:56:42.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61576",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T18:01:30.430",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T19:31:56.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "31295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Use of \"equals\" or \"not equal to\" in Japanese in software or math context?",
"view_count": 522
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese grammar is very different from English grammar. に等しい is a correct\ntranslation for both “equals” and “is equal to.”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:30:56.837",
"id": "61739",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:30:56.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9306",
"parent_id": "61576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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61576
| null |
61739
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61580",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While rereading a question and answer I posted\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55767/does-%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD-\nmean-south-korea-or-korea-as-a-whole/55776#55776) I started thinking about how\none would refer to Koreans as an ethnic whole rather than as the currently\nseparate political countries they are.\n\nI generally know that 韓国人 can be used to refer to the people of South Korea\nand 北朝鮮人 can be used to refer to the people of North Korea. But, what would\none call Korean people all together in a way that isn't clumsy such as\n韓国人と北朝鮮人?\n\nAre there political implications to using the de facto term of 朝鮮人 to mean\nKorean regardless of which country they come from? Is there a more neutral way\nto express this, possibly 高麗人, or is that not in use?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T18:16:14.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61577",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T21:37:22.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Referring to Korean people as an ethnic group and not as political entities?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "One approach to similar questions that can sometimes work, is to find the\nEnglish entry at Wikipedia, and see where it links through to in the left-hand\nsidebar list of languages. For this case, the English article is at\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans> and the corresponding Japanese article\nis at\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/朝鮮民族](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F).\n\nFurther googling appears to corroborate this usage, with [朝鮮民族 yielding 512K\ngoogits](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%22+%22%E3%81%AF%22)\n(including \"は\" in the search hits to filter specifically for Jpaanese) vs.\nonly [146K for\n韓民族](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%22+%22%E3%81%AF%22)\n(the strict direct kanji version of the corresponding Korean term, 한민족 _Han\nminjok_ ).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T21:37:22.603",
"id": "61580",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T21:37:22.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
61577
|
61580
|
61580
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61579",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "レシート is supposed to mean receipt. The adaptation of the word looks a bit odd\nto me. If it comes from English, why does it lose the \"p\"? Why it uses a\n\"shii\" sound instead of a \"ce\" (to me there are katakana characters which\nsounds more similar to \"ce\" than \"シー\"? Maybe it comes from another language\nthan English where the word is more similar to the sound レシート? Which is it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T20:57:27.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61578",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T16:01:24.710",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T08:33:36.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "25136",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"pronunciation",
"katakana",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Which language レシート is adapted from?",
"view_count": 1974
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Derivation of レシート\n\nNumerous dictionaries state that レシート is from English _receipt_. See, for\ninstance, the Dajisen and Daijirin entries visible [here at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88-661566)\n(in Japanese), or [here at\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88#Japanese)\n(in English; full disclosure: I edited that entry. See the listed sources\nthere for authoritatively edited materials.).\n\n### Why it is rendered this way in Japanese\n\nThe English term _receipt_ is pronounced by all native speakers I personally\nknow as something like [[ɹɪˈsiːt]] or [[ɹɛˈsiːt]]. For instance, the ⟨p⟩ in\nthe spelling is not pronounced. Separately, the ⟨ce⟩ in the spelling combines\nwith the ⟨i⟩ to be pronounced as //siː//, not as //seː// nor //ceː// -- the\nsame as in _receive_.\n\nThe Japanese katakana rendering is thus a close approximation of the English\npronunciation, ignoring the oddities of the spelling.\n\nFor more about the English term, including the pronunciation and a description\nfor where that unpronounced ⟨p⟩ came from, see [the Wiktionary entry for\n_receipt_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/receipt#English).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T21:26:15.683",
"id": "61579",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T21:26:15.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "61578",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 18
},
{
"body": "There isn't a one-to-one mapping of Latin-based alphabets to the Japanese\nwriting system. So to answer your question:\n\n> 'why does it lose the \"p\"?'\n\nKatakana is syllabic - so when a foreign / loan word is written is Japanese,\nthey typically use the sound of the word (any \"spelling\" similarity is purely\ncoincidental). This applies to [any English word with silent\nletters](https://englishlive.ef.com/blog/language-lab/silent-letter-english-\nwords-silent-letters-pronounce/), as they will not appear in the phonetic\nrendering of the word.\n\nWhen we say receipt in English, phonetically we sound identical to the English\nword \"reseat\" too. Sounding something like:\n\n> reh-see-t\n\nOne aspect / limitation of Japanese is its pronunciation rules - it has a\nfinite list of syllables / Kana to choose from. The \"see\" sound in the middle\nof \"receipt\" is one such absence.\n\nSo, in Japanese we end up with (using the Hepburn romanization system):\n\n> レ (re) シー (shi) ト (to)\n\nHepburn (and other systems) standardise the way we spell Japanese syllables.\nSo シ (shi) is pronounced similarly to the English pronoun \"she\", with a long\nvowel. English spelling is notoriously inconsistent:\n\n> \"I did some reading in Reading.\" etc.\n\nA consequence of having a consistent romanisation system (spelling of\nsyllables) is that it highlights this inconsistency.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T11:14:38.000",
"id": "61590",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T16:01:24.710",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T16:01:24.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "342",
"owner_user_id": "342",
"parent_id": "61578",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61578
|
61579
|
61579
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing somthing for my Japanese class currently, and I wrote\n「おいしい食べ物のあるレストラン」and I thought that when ある was modifying a noun you could\nchange it to の but my teacher corrected it to が. Are there exceptions to\nchanging it to のある?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T00:57:05.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61582",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-25T15:05:10.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27227",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Regarding がある/のある",
"view_count": 850
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are restrictions, but they relate to register. In this case の is\nslightly higher-register than が, but both are grammatically correct. (FYI I\nthink a more natural phrasing wd simply be おいしい食べ物のレストラン.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:28:30.633",
"id": "61738",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:28:30.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9306",
"parent_id": "61582",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61582
| null |
61738
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> まあ桃は普段から笑顔な **分** 、つかみ所のないやつだがら多少気持ちはわかるけど。(talking about how people can\n> find momo hard to deal with)\n>\n> 基本が少ない **分** 、技術が必要なんだよね。ま、そういうわけでクロールとかに比べれば平泳ぎは持久性あるよ (talking about the\n> breatstroke relative to the other swimming styles)\n>\n> 普段気軽に足を運ぶ **分** 、その恐怖がリアルに俺の体を襲ってくる。 (talking about conbini after getting\n> berated about how it sucks to work there)\n\nI can see how the [\"one's intended or hypothetical partial involvement with\nsomething\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13653/the-meaning-\nof-%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93-in-%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF)\nexplanation can apply to the 3rd sentence, \"I normally walk into the conbini\nwithout a care in the world <- emphasis\" but i find it hard to apply the same\nmeaning to the first two.\n\nA somewhat literal interpretation of 分 as \"part/part of\" for the first two\nsentences isn't immediately intuitive either.\n\nA a glance the sentences seem normal with a generic normalization instead of 分\nso what is the difference?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T05:23:18.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61583",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T09:49:20.483",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T07:10:13.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "clause ending 分",
"view_count": 1358
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say the sense of this 分 usage is to indicate a kind of \"proportional\nincrease\" - the 分 indicates that whatever comes after it is increasing in\nproportion to what comes before it.\n\nIn the first sentence, Momo may or may not be a particularly つかみ所のないやつ aside\nfrom this, but the fact that s/he is always smiling _adds_ a certain amount of\nつかみ所のなさ. The 分 represents this \"amount\" that is added.\n\nSimilarly in the second sentence, the need for 技術 increases in proportion to\nthe lack of 基本. (If you consider the amount of effort put into something as a\nconstant, then not having to devote as much effort to mastering the basics\nmeans you have to devote that same effort to mastering advanced techniques\ninstead, so the \"proportion\" element is fairly literal in this case.)\n\nThe third sentence is the same sort of idea - the apprehension he feels about\ngoing to the conbini now feels _more immediate_ (more リアル) in proportion to\nhow casually he usually goes there.\n\nYou might be able to find more information on this usage by looking up その分,\nwhich is a very common form it appears in.\n\nI'd say this usage is related to the \"hypothetical partial involvement\" usage\nyou referred to, because they're both narrowing things down to examine the\neffect of a single factor. When you say 見ている分にはいい, you're saying \"I don't know\nabout other aspects of it, but to _look at_ it's fine\" - talking about just\nthe appearance to the exclusion of other factors. And when you say\n毎日見ている分、なじみがある you're saying \"I'm used to it, particularly because of the part\nwhere I see it every day.\"\n\nThe main difference between the two, I suppose, is that ～分には tends to imply\nthat this focus aspect _contrasts_ with other aspects of the same thing (eg.\nif you say \"it _looks_ fine...\" you're implying that other aspects of it\nprobably aren't fine) whereas the ～分 usage tends to imply that this aspect\n_complements_ other aspects (ie. you're looking at one factor _contributing\nto_ a larger effect.) Though ～分 may imply a contrast with _other_ things that\ndon't have this factor (eg. the 基本が少ない分、技術が必要 sentence implies that\nbreaststroke is _more_ technique-focused than other swimming styles that have\nmore basics to learn).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T09:49:20.483",
"id": "61588",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T09:49:20.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "61583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
61583
|
61588
|
61588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61585",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you translate the below sentence?\n\n「芸術家として生き芸術家として死にたいです」\n\nI understand 「~として」can be translated roughly as \"As~\", but I'm not sure if\nanything changes when they are chained? Also, does 「生き芸術家」have any unique\nmeaning, or is it just \"living artist.\"\n\nMy current guess is something along the lines of \"I want to die as an artist\nand as a living artist\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T05:40:38.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61584",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T06:37:43.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Usage of repeated「として」",
"view_count": 105
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 芸術家として生き、芸術家として死にたいです。 \n> I want to live as an artist and die as an artist.\n\n(I added a comma after 生き to help you parse the sentence correctly)\n\nNothing surprising happens when there are two として in a sentence. The first\n芸術家として modifies 生き (\"live as an artist\"), and the second 芸術家として modifies\n死に(たい) (\"die as an artist\"). 生き is the masu-stem of 生きる, and this form can\nconnect two clauses like the te-form. See: [て versus combining-form for\njoining clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23789/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T06:32:11.500",
"id": "61585",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T06:37:43.150",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T06:37:43.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61584",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61584
|
61585
|
61585
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would usually say something along the lines of 「マリオを遊ぶ」but I've been\ninformed that 「マリオする」is a more natural say to say this phrase. Doesn't make\nsense to me, so I was hoping someone could explain",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T06:39:35.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61586",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T06:51:13.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How do you express that you are playing a game?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n * マリオ **を** やる\n * マリオ **を** する\n * マリオ **で** 遊ぶ\n * マリオ **を** 遊ぶ\n * マリオ **を** プレイする\n\n遊ぶ is relatively wordy and has a nuance of \"have fun\", so hardcore/serious\ngamers may tend to avoid 遊ぶ and simply say する/やる.\n\nA specific title like マリオ does not work as a suru-verb, so you can say マリオする\nonly in highly informal conversations where particles are often omitted (and\nin such informal settings, you can also say マリオ遊ぶ, anyway). ゲームする is becoming\ntolerated recently, but it's still better to say ゲームをする in formal articles.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T06:51:13.130",
"id": "61587",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T06:51:13.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
61586
| null |
61587
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61593",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Spanish there is an entity, the Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia\nEspañola) which states what is a valid spanish word or not. In Japanese, I've\nread the Japanese Ministry of Education has an official list for joyo Kanjis,\nwhich is the list of kanjis people has to know and that if a newspaper, or if\nsomeone wants to use a kanji outside that list, it has to write its hiragana\nover it so people can read it. How about loanwords written in katakana? Can\nany word be adapted on the fly from its original language and be valid for\nbeing used anywhere (newspaper, document, contract, whatever), or is there a\nlist somewhere written by the JME or any other entity about what is an\nofficial valid loanword for japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T10:35:44.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61589",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-23T11:41:17.907",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-23T11:41:17.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is there a list of official valid loanwords or they are adapted on the fly from their original languages?",
"view_count": 327
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no such regulation. But there is a [list of\n\"suggestions\"](http://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/gairaigo/) (not even a guideline) from\nresearchers in a government agency that tries to replace difficult loanwords\nwith kanji words. It has no legal binding force. And there are some style\nguidelines which try to standardize spellings of loanwords.\n\nFor details, please see:\n\n * [How is Japanese regulated by the Japanese government and any other organizations?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5364/5010)\n * [ブラウザ or ブラウザー? Words borrowed from English which end with -er](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15807/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T17:48:05.617",
"id": "61593",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T23:13:54.260",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T23:13:54.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61589",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "The first appendix of \"The Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\" is\ndedicated entirely on rules on how to convert English words to katakana. It\nshows 18 rules, from page 615 to page 625, all of them based on pronunciation.\n\nThe Ministry of Education has published the following recommendations:\n<http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19910628002/k19910628002.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T15:07:47.050",
"id": "61615",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T15:07:47.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61589",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61589
|
61593
|
61593
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61598",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Here are a few grammatical words that use 然 according to jisho.org:\n\n> * 然し（しかし）\n> * however; but\n> * 然して（そして）\n> * and; and then; thus; and now; and finally\n> * 然うして（そうして）\n> * and; like that\n> * 然も（しかも）\n> * (1) moreover; furthermore\n> * (2) nevertheless; and yet\n> * 然も（さも）\n> * (1) really; extremely\n> * (2) in that way (Archaism)\n> * 然う（そう）\n> * (1) in that way; thus; such\n> * (2) so (agreement)\n> * (3) so? (doubt)\n> * 然るべき（しかるべき）\n> * proper; appropriate; due; suitable\n>\n\nAccording to jisho.org, the meanings of 然 are:\n\n> sort of thing, so, if so, in that case, well\n\nThe relationship between all these different words and 然 is vague and hard to\nunderstand. Can you offer a logical analysis of why/how 然 is used in such\nexpressions?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T18:29:17.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61594",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T18:23:23.933",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-22T18:23:23.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 然 in conjunctions and other grammatical words",
"view_count": 933
}
|
[
{
"body": "Usually, we don't use the Kanji 然 to write しかし，そして，そうして，しかも，さも，そう，しかるべき．You\nshould use Hiragana instead.\n\nWhen you search 然し（しかし）in a [Japanese\nDictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/94403/meaning/m0u/%E7%84%B6%E3%81%97/),\n\n> しか‐し【▽然し／▽併し】\n\nthe symbol ▽ will appear.\n\n▽ means that the Kanji-reading is not in the 常用漢字表 (regularly-used Kanji\ntable). Japanese people will not learn these Kanji-reading in their compulsory\neducation and thus should not be used regularly.\n\nHowever, the Kanji 然 means \"so\" in Chinese, so these usages probably came from\nthere.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T18:55:32.463",
"id": "61595",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T05:16:15.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T05:16:15.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "31308",
"owner_user_id": "31308",
"parent_id": "61594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "How I see it, 然 has the same meaning in all cases, but with the different\nwords and particles added after, it get different nuances. Below are my\nthoughts about it, but this is in no way a \"scientific\" explanation. Feel free\nto comment...\n\n然 has the meaning of そう、その通り, \"so\"/\"like this\"/\"like that\"\n\n然して is a contraction of 然うして, which is why they have very similar meanings\ntoday, although slight different nuances (然うして is more like \"Like this the\nresult is\", whereas 然して is more of a continuation \"and then\", but they are\noften interchangeable)\n\n然し is a contraction of 然しながら. This 然{しか} still has the meaning of \"so\"/\"like\nthis\", whereas the ながら (in this case) is a contrastive conjunction like けれども.\nIt thus means, \"like this, but ...\" or simply put, \"however\".\n\n然{しか}も and 然{さ}も combine the word with the particle も, and means something\nlike \"like this, and also ...\", or simply, \"furthermore\"/その上.\n\n然るべき adds べき to the word, adding the meaning of \"should\", so, \"should like\nthis\", or simply, \"appropriate\".\n\nFor etymological research, I find this resource quite good:\n<https://kobun.weblio.jp>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T20:13:10.653",
"id": "61598",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T20:13:10.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "61594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "According to the site below, 然 means to \"to burn dog meat with fire \" \n<https://okjiten.jp/kanji707.html>\n\nApparently dog meat was offered as sacrifice in some kind of religious\nceremony, probably in ancient China.\n\nThe kanji 然 is used as 当て字 in words like 然り(しかり), 然も(しかも), 然うして(そうして). \nAn 当て字 is simply a phonetic equivalent, it has nothing to do with the meaning.\nIt is just that the sound of the kanji is similar to certain kanas, so it is\nused for those kanas.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T14:46:55.820",
"id": "61614",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T14:46:55.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61594
|
61598
|
61598
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「表{おもて}」、「外観」、「表面」 \n三つの言葉の違いは何ですか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T20:07:42.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61597",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T14:07:39.287",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T22:55:20.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "「表{おもて}」、「表面」、「外観」の違い",
"view_count": 370
}
|
[
{
"body": "表 is the front, as opposed to 裏, the back.\n\n外観 is the outside appearance, as opposed to 内観, the internal appearance.\n\n表面 is usually translated as \"surface\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T14:07:39.287",
"id": "61612",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T14:07:39.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61597",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61597
| null |
61612
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61600",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The two words appear to both mean the English word `question`. Are they\ncompletely interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-18T23:43:48.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61599",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T14:00:29.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 設問 and 質問?",
"view_count": 349
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not a native speaker, but as I understand it: 質問 means a question in\ngeneral; 設問 is a question that has been _posed._ That is, 設問する is to ask a\nquestion that you already know the answer to or for the purpose of generating\ndiscussion.\n\nBe careful, however, because what we call a \"question\" on an exam in English\nis a 問題 in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T01:12:17.767",
"id": "61600",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T01:12:17.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "61599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary:\n\nせつもん【設問】: a question to assess the knowledge of a candidate or student. \n問題を作って出すこと。また、その問題。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/124833/meaning/m0u/設問/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/124833/meaning/m0u/%E8%A8%AD%E5%95%8F/)\n\nしつもん【質問】: a question about something you don't know. \nわからないところや疑わしい点について問いただすこと。また、その内容。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98804/meaning/m1u/質問/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98804/meaning/m1u/%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F/)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T14:00:29.490",
"id": "61611",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T14:00:29.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61599
|
61600
|
61600
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61603",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was praised by my tutor for the progress I'd made myself thus far, but\nsomehow the message just seemed to carry a strange negative connotation to me.\nHere's the part where I found a tad off:\n\n> 今年二月から勉強して、 **それだけ** の長文を書けるのはすごいことだとおもいます。\n\nThis is part of his reply after I reached out to him for an offer to be my\ntutor in conversation yesterday. I am fairly certain he wasn't being sarcastic\nor anything. There was absolutely no need to.\n\nThe reason why I find the message ostensibly negative is that I usually\nassociate **だけ** with a sense of negative exclusiveness. Therefore, \"\n**これだけの長文** \" just reads like, \" _an article only so long in length_ \" to me.\n\nAm I being influenced by my understanding of **だけ** , especially how it\nusually translates to \" _only_ \" in English? If not, is there a better way to\nrephrase this to avoid any confusion?\n\nFor example:\n\n> こんな程度の長文を書けるのはすごい…\n\nIs this somewhat better than using **だけ**?\n\nご教授をいただければ、ありがたく思います。よろしくお願いいたします。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T05:28:27.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61602",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T05:51:43.330",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T05:39:30.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "Does だけ necessarily carry a negative connotation?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "だけ is not necessarily negative, and this それだけ just means \"that much\" (or \"that\ngood\" in this context).\n\nHere are some related questions where だけ is not used in negative ways:\n\n * [What's the role of だけの in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39555/5010)\n * [Is 足りるだけ with a negative verb idiomatic?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57298/5010)\n * [Meaning of それだけ in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15096/5010)\n * [What does それだけかかってしまうんですね in this conversation mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60416/5010)\n * [Meaning of XばXだけY vs. XばXほどY](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55065/5010)\n\nContrary to your expectation, こんな程度/この程度 is usually used in negative or\nsarcastic remarks. (e.g., この程度の文章ではダメだ)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T05:46:41.847",
"id": "61603",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T05:51:43.330",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T05:51:43.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61602
|
61603
|
61603
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61606",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am interested in learning how to say, colloquially, \"Where is the best\nIzakaya around here?\" Or \"Where is the best Izakaya close to here?\"\n\nHow far off am I with this translation below:\n\n> ここのいちばんの居酒屋はどこですか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T05:54:49.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61604",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T06:18:48.877",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T08:04:11.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "31008",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say, \"Where is the best izakaya close by to here?\"",
"view_count": 736
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your attempt is good, but you need to use この辺り【あたり】の instead of ここの to say \"\n_around_ here\".\n\n> この辺りのいちばんの居酒屋はどこですか。\n\nRelated: [Difference between 辺り and\n周り](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57266/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T06:02:31.053",
"id": "61606",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T06:02:31.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Perhaps you could use (ここの近ちかく) Meaning close to here/this\nlocationここの近ちかくに居酒屋はどこですか。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T06:59:01.520",
"id": "61607",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T06:59:01.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31188",
"parent_id": "61604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It is better to say `delicious` explicitly.\n\n> この辺りでいちばんおいしい居酒屋はどこですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T06:18:48.877",
"id": "61628",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T06:18:48.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31325",
"parent_id": "61604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61604
|
61606
|
61606
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that phrases like [Noun A + to と+ sonoその + Noun B] can be translated as\n\"A and his/her/its B\". However, when there is no 'to' と, I get a bit puzzled\nabout the meaning. For instance, which is the meaning of sono その in the\nfollowing sentence?\n\n静かな自然、その無の世界と、心で対話するだけでいい。\n\n1) Silent nature (and) ITS world of nothingness OR Silent nature, the world of\nnothingness (that is, nature = world of nothingness). I am inclined to think\nthat the latter translation is the right one, though I am not sure that nature\ncan be regarded as the world of nothingness in Buddhistic terms... Thank you\nin advance for your answer!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T10:19:29.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61609",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T15:25:57.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of その in particular phrases",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "と is a preposition linked to 対話: \n無の世界と対話する \nto talk to a world of emptiness.\n\nその refers to 静かな自然, \"quiet nature\".\n\nSo you use your mind to talk to a world of silence, instead of using sound.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T13:43:05.813",
"id": "61610",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T13:43:05.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "In general, `A、そのB` is a dramatic way of saying `AのB` or `AとそのB`.\n\n> * ミツバチ、その不思議な生態\n> * スティーブ・ジョブズ、その波乱万丈の人生\n> * 企業のスタートアップ その理論と実践\n>\n\nThat said, I'm not sure how to make sense of the phrase in question. To me,\n\"the world of nothingness _belonging to_ the silent nature\" and \"the world of\nnothingness _is equal to_ the silent nature\" seem equally puzzling and vague.\n\nIf there is absolutely nothing in the context to explain this phrase, I think\nI would interpret it along the lines of \"the silent nature and its world of\nnothingness\". I don't know if it means something in Buddhism.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T15:25:57.967",
"id": "61616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T15:25:57.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61609
| null |
61616
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61622",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The three kanji 恵, 専, and 敷 share the same first 6 strokes. Using the\ntraditional radicals I could describe them as being composed \"一, 日, 丨...\" at\nthe start and then finishing \"...心\", \"...寸\", \"...⼂, 方, 攵\" respectively. Are\nthe first 6 strokes derived from some older kanji? If so, does this kanji have\na meaning and what would it be in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T15:59:30.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T07:28:53.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31319",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is there a meaning to the 6 stroke component that 恵, 専, and 敷 share?",
"view_count": 406
}
|
[
{
"body": "So, actually 敷 has a different origin from the other two kanji.\n\nLooking at [wiktionary entry for 敷](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%B7)\nin fact tells us that composition is comes from `旉攵`, the first of which is\ncomposed of `甫方`. Notice the importance of the extra `⼂`.\n\nDoing the same for [恵](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%B5) or\n[専](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%82) gives us ``. But actually more\nimportantly is the note in wiktionary that, both those kanji are 新字体, aka\nJapanese simplifications of originals: 惠 and 專. Note how the part in question\nis now very different and is now this character:\n[叀](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%80).\n\nAs for the meaning, I'm not sure the meaning of these components is valuable\nto understanding the 3 characters above, but they can also be read on the\nwiktionary entries.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T16:53:38.990",
"id": "61619",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T19:46:38.533",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T19:46:38.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "61617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Going back to [_kyūjitai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai),\n\n * The first 8 strokes of「惠」and「專」share「叀」\n * The first 6 strokes of「敷」uses「甫」\n\nwhich are different components.\n\n* * *\n\n「叀」depicts an ancient type of ceramic tile used for weaving or spinning\nthread.\n\n# `[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QMf6C.png) \n[鐵](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)104.1 \n[合集32985](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=32985&jgwfl=) `` \n[篆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_seal_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UyP3W.png) \n[說文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) \n``現代 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kpKCY.png) \n \n`\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZHiUV.png)\n\n「叀」serves as two different phonetic components, which may hint at the original\nand extended meanings of「叀」in some characters:\n\n * 「[叀]{せん}」 in「[專]{せん}」 \n * _(Ceramic) tile_ is now written as「[磚]{せん}」\n * _To spin/turn_ is now written as「[轉]{てん}」([Shinjitai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinjitai):「転」)\n * 「[叀]{けい}」([ _Fanqie_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie): 胡桂切) in「[惠]{けい}」 \n * _[Tassel](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tassel)_ is now written as「[穗]{すい}」(Shinjitai:「穂」); \n * _Fine cloth_ is now written as「[繐]{ けい}」\n\n* * *\n\n「甫」was originally「⿱屮田」, which depicted a vegetable (plants「屮」) garden\n(field「田」). This word is now written as「圃」.\n\n# `商 \n甲 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Om8HH.png) \n[後](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)1.31.1 \n[合集7897](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=7897&jgwfl=)`` \n篆 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L95UB.png) \n說文解字 \n``現代 \n楷 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ofbkX.png) \n \n`\n\n> Due to historical development, the characters/components「田」,「用」, and the top\n> of「周」will appear as graphical variations of each other in the modern\n> script.「用」is the shape that appears in the modern form of「甫」.\n\nThe character「[敷]{ふ}」meaning _spread_ was developed through\n\n 1. 「尃」, semantic「又」( _picture of a hand_ ; semantic variant「寸」) and phonetic「[甫]{ふ}」;\n 2. Change to a shape variant「旉」;\n 3. Addition of an _action_ semantic component「攵」( _picture of a hand holding a whip_ ).\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)\n * [國學大師](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T21:18:39.733",
"id": "61622",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T07:28:53.077",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T07:28:53.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "61617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
61617
|
61622
|
61622
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61623",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have two sentences that im using to try to understand how na adjectives are\nconjugated in Japanese.\n\n 1. 私の友達は綺麗な人 - My friend **is** a beautiful person\n 2. 私の友達は綺麗だった人 - My friend **was** a beautiful person\n\nIn [Tae Kims guide to\nJapanese](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_na-\nadjective) he gives the following patterns for conjugating Na adjectives:\n\n```\n\n | | Positive | Negative |\n |:--------------: |:--------------: |:------------------: |\n | Present/Future | Na Adj + da | Na Adj + janai |\n | Past | Na Adj + datta | Na Adj + janakatta |\n \n```\n\nMy question is this, if im using the past tense of 綺麗 to modify the noun 人 do\nI still need the な in between?\n\nMost other guides I have read tell me to use the past tense of です after the\nmodified noun in order to show past tense, something like this:\n\n私の友達は綺麗な人でした。\n\nIsn't this the polite form?\n\nIm really confused about this. Can anyone provide some guidance on where im\ngoing wrong?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T20:31:26.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-08T15:48:10.217",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T22:32:28.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "30741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"adjectives",
"tense",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "past tense na adjective + noun",
"view_count": 826
}
|
[
{
"body": "Part of the confusion appears to arise from the fact that your two \"sentences\"\nare actually incomplete.\n\n 1. 私の友達は綺麗な人\n 2. 私の友達は綺麗だった人\n\nThese are fragments: they are only phrases, not full sentences. They could end\nin the copula (だ for plain-form familiar speech, です for polite speech), or\nthey could end in something completely different:\n\n 1. 私の友達は綺麗な人 [をかみ殺して食べる。] - My friend [bites to death and then eats] beautiful people.\n 2. 私の友達は綺麗だった人 [をかみ殺して食べる。] - My friend [bites to death and then eats] people who were beautiful.\n\nEven with the copula, the meaning is slightly different for the second one:\n\n 1. 私の友達は綺麗な人 [だ・です] - My friend [is] a beautiful person.\n 2. 私の友達は綺麗だった人 [だ・です] - My friend [is] a person who was beautiful.\n\nIf a な adjective is in the past tense, the な is replaced with だった, and the\nmeaning parses out to \"was [ADJ], used to be [ADJ]\".\n\nIf you just mean that the past tense should apply to the whole statement, you\nwould use the past tense for the final copula, but leave the adjective in the\nregular attributive form (using the な):\n\n * 私の友達は綺麗な人 [だった・でした] - My friend [was] a beautiful person.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T22:31:51.547",
"id": "61623",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-19T22:31:51.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "61620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Declinable word conjunctive form (連用形 in Japanese) for i-adjective and na-\nacective show their past tense pattern by adding た.\n\n明るい ⇒ 明るかった \n重い ⇒ 重かった \n美しい ⇒ 美しかった\n\n穏やかな ⇒ 穏やかだった \nきれいな ⇒ きれいだった \n上手な ⇒ 上手だった\n\nIf you want to use them for modifying any noun, just put noun after them \n明るい季節 ⇒ 明るかった季節 \n美しい人 ⇒ 美しかった人 \n穏やかな日々 ⇒ 穏やかだった日々 \nきれいな人 ⇒ きれいだった人\n\nNow we place adjectives at predicate position. \n今が一年中で一番明るい。 \n先月が一年中で一番明るかった。 \n今が一年中で一番穏やかだ。 \n先月が一年中で一番穏やかだった。\n\nIf we add polite ending word; \n今が一年中で一番明るいです。 \n先月が一年中で一番明るかったです。 \n今が一年中で一番穏やかです。 \n先月が一年中で一番穏やかだったです。\n\nBut ending word です also has past tense form. Because i-adjective + でした is\nstill under polemical circumstance, I would like to avoid touching this matter\nnow. For na-adjective, below patterns are possible. \n先月が一年中で一番穏やかだったです。 \n先月が一年中で一番穏やかでした。\n\nAlso we try to make adjective modified noun at predicate position. \n今が一年中で一番明るい季節です。 \n先月が一年中で一番明るい季節でした。 \n先月が一年中で一番明るかった季節です。 \nもう何週間も穏やかな毎日です。 \nあのころは穏やかな毎日でした。 \n私が覚えているのは穏やかだった毎日です。\n\nThose are the ways how adjectives are made into past tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-08T04:27:02.683",
"id": "63304",
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] |
61620
|
61623
|
61623
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「期間」と「時期」という言葉の違いは何ですか。いつ、どのように使えますか。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-19T20:59:16.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61621",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T14:10:49.883",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-19T23:34:19.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "「期間」と「時期」の違いは何ですか",
"view_count": 658
}
|
[
{
"body": "期間 tends to refer to a time period that has a well-defined start and end. A 期間\ncan be very long. 時期 usually refers to a vague time period and it can be\nbetter translated as \"time (suitable) for ～\", \"time around ～\" or \"～ season\".\nExamples:\n\n> * 試験の申し込み **期間** は9月1日から9月30日です。\n> * オリンピックの **期間** も休まず営業します。\n> * 産まれてから成人するまでの **期間**\n> * クリスマスの **時期** が近づいています。\n> * この **時期** はほとんど毎日雨が降ります。\n> * 田植えをするにはまだ **時期** が早いです。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T02:55:24.630",
"id": "61626",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T02:55:24.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary: \n期間: a period of time. \n時期: a crucial or appropriate time\n\n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/期間/#je-15552](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93/#je-15552) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/時期/#je-30696](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F/#je-30696)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-20T14:10:49.883",
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"score": 0
}
] |
61621
| null |
61626
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone tell what で means in this sentence: 私は学生で友だちはいしゃです。Thank you. It\nlooks like the で in this sentence means \"and\" but I'm not really sure.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T07:16:16.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61629",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T14:04:57.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-20T13:31:55.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"copula"
],
"title": "the meaning of で in 私は学生で友だちはいしゃです。",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are right, it means \"and\".\n\nThat is the te-form of the copula だ. \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 466: \n\"The te-form functions, in part, to link sentences\"\n\nExamples: \nジムは日本へ行って、勉強した。 \nJim went to Japan and studied.\n\nこのステーキは安くて、美味しい。 \nThis steak is cheap and delicious.\n\nこのアパートは静かでいい。 \nThis apartment is quiet and good.\n\n父は先生で、英語を教えている。 \nMy father is a teacher, and teaches English.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T14:04:57.040",
"id": "61630",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T14:04:57.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61629",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
61629
| null |
61630
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61634",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I thought that \"suru\" was used with english verbs to create japanese verbs (ie\nドライブする) or with japanese nouns to create japanese verbs (ie denwa suru 電話する)\n\nCan \"suru\" be also added to japanese verbs? If so, what's the purpose of\nadding \"suru\" to a word that is already a verb. For example, 運転, according to\nGoogle translator (which I dont know if it works properly) both 運転 and 運転する\nmeans to drive. Is this so? If so is there any nuance in both?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMjek.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T14:32:38.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61632",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T14:59:55.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-20T14:59:55.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can \"suru\" be also added to japanese verbs?",
"view_count": 431
}
|
[
{
"body": "運転, by itself, is a noun, just like most of these 2-kanji words. The\nconstruction is thus the same as with 電話する, you add する to the noun to turn it\ninto a verb.\n\n**NEVER** use Google translate as a dictionary. Instead, use a dictionary,\nsuch as <https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%8B%E8%BB%A2>\n\nAlthough, I must add that Google translate translates this correctly for me,\ni.e. into \"operation\" or \"driving\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T14:48:16.163",
"id": "61634",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T14:48:16.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "61632",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61632
|
61634
|
61634
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61638",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand which verbal tense is used for the verb nomu in this\nsentence.\n\nビールを飲んで運転するのはダメだ。\n\nAccording to\n<http://www.japaneseverbconjugator.com/VerbDetails.asp?txtVerb=%E9%A3%B2%E3%82%80>\n\nall the verbal tenses used with \"nonde\" also have another word (such as iru,\nimasu, ita, etc. ) Which verbal tense is used here then and why the 飲んで is\nalone?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T14:37:19.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61633",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-21T19:02:20.283",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-21T19:02:20.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"tense"
],
"title": "Which verbal tense is used in the sentence ビールを飲んで運転するのはダメだ。 for the verb nomu?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "The te-form of verbs roughly means \"and\".\n\nThe things that you mention adding after the te-form, such as iru, are\ndifferent verbs. nonde + iru means something like \"drink AND be\" (roughly\ncorresponding to \"(I) am here drinking\" in English for this example).\n\nThe verb after the te-form does not always need to be iru or any of the others\nyou listed. It can also be 運転する as in your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T17:32:29.977",
"id": "61638",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T17:32:29.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31329",
"parent_id": "61633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61633
|
61638
|
61638
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61647",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ＫＵＲＯＳＨＩＯのロボットは長さが５ｍぐらいで、 **深い海の中を** 時速８ｋｍ以上で動くことができます。 \n> The KUROSHIO robot is around 5m long and can move through the deep sea at\n> speeds in excess of 8km per hour.\n\nI was wondering if 中 was necessary in this sentence. If we omit it, would it\nbe interpreted as the robot moving **on** the surface of the sea? I would have\nassumed that the addition of 深い would make the intention clear without needing\n中.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T16:39:34.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61636",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-28T07:15:19.400",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-20T17:26:13.053",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relational-nouns"
],
"title": "Usage of を when meaning along/through",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "It does not sound natural without the 中. If you wanted to say that the robot\nmoves on the surface of the ocean then you might use 上 there instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T17:19:59.250",
"id": "61637",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T17:19:59.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31329",
"parent_id": "61636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It is understandable without 中, but then it could also interpreted as _on_ the\nsea. So it is better to explicitly say 深い海の中.\n\nAnd especially since it is the sea is deep (深い), maybe the author wanted to\nexpress that the robot can literally move pretty fast through it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-21T09:20:31.347",
"id": "61647",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-28T07:15:19.400",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-28T07:15:19.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "31325",
"parent_id": "61636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61636
|
61647
|
61647
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61640",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is relatively simple sentence, but one part contradict another, so I\ndon't understand what it should mean:\n\n> 「なによこの気持ち悪い生き物は。海の生き物？ **気持ち悪すぎて、一周回って可愛いわね** 」\n\nMy attempt to translate it is:\n\n> It's too gross and cute all around.\n\nBut this doesn't make any sense...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T20:41:15.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61639",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T01:41:16.687",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-20T23:50:17.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "20305",
"owner_user_id": "30982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"slang"
],
"title": "Need help with contradictory sentence",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess it means \"It's so gross it goes all the way around to being cute\nagain.\" It reminds me of the expression \"It's so bad it's good.\"\n\nPlease correct me if I'm wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T20:44:54.917",
"id": "61640",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T20:44:54.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"parent_id": "61639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "According to the site below 一周回って is a kind of slang used by young people.\n\n以前流行っていたことに回帰するという意味で \n<http://bosesound.blog133.fc2.com/blog-entry-856.html>\n\nIt is often used in fashion or music to refer to something that was popular in\nthe past, then becomes outmoded, but then becomes fashionable again. \nIt literally means \"to go full circle\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T01:41:16.687",
"id": "61659",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T01:41:16.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61639
|
61640
|
61640
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61672",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a \"Fairly\" simple paragraph that I have written.\n\nHello, Im Kyle. こんにちは、カイルと申します。\n\nIm 29 years old **and** (そして) my favourite music is Rock **and** (とか)\nClassical. 二十九歳だそして好きな音楽はロックミュージックとかクラッシックだ。\n\nAs for your favourite music, what is it? あなたの好きな音楽は何だか.\n\nIm curious about two things here:\n\n 1. The use of そして for connecting the first sentence with the second, I had heard that そして can sometimes be used for comparing sentences?\n 2. The use of とか for a simple list (of things like or for example).\n\nFor such a short list, is there a better way to write this sentence rather\nthan using とか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T21:25:23.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61642",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-02T10:14:17.020",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-02T10:14:17.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "30741",
"owner_user_id": "30741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Proper use of とか and そして in a sentence",
"view_count": 380
}
|
[
{
"body": "```\n\n Im Kyle. こんにちは、カイルと申します。\n \n```\n\nThat's fine.\n\n```\n\n Im 29 years old and my favourite music is Rock and Classical\n \n```\n\n（私は）２９歳 **で** 、好きな音楽はロック **と** クラシック **です** 。\n\nとか means \"or\" while と means \"and\". When you combine ２９歳 だ/です and …クラシック だ/です,\nthey are merged into ２９歳で…クラシック だ/です. And let's follow the first 申し **ます** in\nthe point of politeness.\n\n```\n\n As for your favourite music, what is it? \n \n```\n\nあなたの好きな音楽は何（ですか）？\n\nYou don't say 何だか for that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T16:22:17.473",
"id": "61672",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T16:22:17.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61642",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61642
|
61672
|
61672
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having trouble parsing/understanding/translating a sentence in the last\nsection of the fable \"the mice and the cat\" (鼠と猫の事) from the 仮名草子 伊曾保物語\n(Aesop's fables). Here is the paragraph in question; it's the \"moral\" of the\nfable:\n\n其如一度人をこらす人はいつも悪人ぞと人是を疎ず。只人は愚にして他人にぬかれたるにしくはなし。かまひて末のよに人をぬかんと思はじ\n\n(You can read the whole fable online here:\n[p1](http://esopo.fc2web.com/isoho/isoho_m/isoho3_21.html),\n[p2](http://esopo.fc2web.com/isoho/isoho_m/isoho3_22.html))\n\nSpecifically it is the second sentence I don't understand:\n\n只、人は、愚にして、他人にぬかれたるにしくはなし。\n\n愚か (おろか) usually means something like 馬鹿, i.e. stupid, foolish, but I think\nhere 愚にして means the same as おろそかにする, i.e. neglect a thing or slight a person\n(treat them less well than one should).\n\nぬか|れ|たる is the 未然形 of 抜く (overtake, outdo) + れ, the 連用形 of (ら)る + the 連体形 of\nたり.\n\nHere the 連体形 nominalizes the whole phrase, and たり is like った or ている in modern\nJapanese, i.e. it means the completion of an action or the state resulting\nfrom the completion of an action.\n\n(ら)る is similar to (ら)れる in modern japanese. It can express passive, potential\nor it can be a honorific polite verb suffix. Honorific doesn't make sense here\nI think, and potential is ruled out by the fact that in literary style\nJapanese (ら)る only has potential meaning when followed by a negative (e.g. ず).\nSo only passive makes sense, in this case 他人 would be the agent.\n\n...にしくはなし is like ...に及ぶものはない in modern Japanese, i.e. \"there is nothing that\ncomes close to ...\", \"it is best to ...\"\n\nThe Iwanami edition supplies the note \"だまされている方がよいのだ\" (\"it is better to be\ntricked\") for [the last part of?] the sentence.\n\nSo putting this together I could guess at something like:\n\n\"Now, rather than slight people [treat them with neglect] it is better [best]\nto be outdone [tricked] by others.\"\n\ni.e. it is better to treat other people well and risk being tricked by them,\nthat to treat them badly (and lose their trust, like the cat the fable).\n\nBut I am very unsure if this is correct or even makes sense. Effectively I am\ntreating the sentence as a comparative construction where 愚にして is the thing\nbeing compared with.\n\nWhat is the correct way to parse/translate this sentence?\n\nFWIW, my translations of the preceding and following sentences are\n其如一度人をこらす人はいつも悪人ぞと人是を疎ず。 \"When somebody once causes harm to a person as in\nthis case [like the cat in the fable], people will always think he is a\nvillain and shun him.\" and かまひて末のよに人をぬかんと思はじ \"One should never think that one\nwill outdo others in the long run.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T22:03:06.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61643",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T20:00:02.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31331",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "(伊曾保物語) 鼠と猫の事 comprehension problem \"只、人は、愚にして、他人にぬかれたるにしくはなし\"",
"view_count": 379
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not very good at classical Japanese, but here's my two cents...\n\n> 其如一度人をこらす人はいつも悪人ぞと人是を疎ず。\n\n**[現代文]** このように、一度(でも)他人を痛い目に合わせる人(のこと)は、いつも「悪人だ」と人々が疎む(ものだ)。\n\n**[English]** Like this, people always alienate a person who causes harm to\nothers (even) once, thinking of him as a villain.\n\n> 只人は愚にして他人にぬかれたるにしくはなし。\n\n**[現代文]** 普通の人間は愚か(or 疎か)であり、他人に出し抜かれていることに及ぶ(ほどよい)ものはない。 (i.e.,\n常人は他人を出し抜こうとせずに他人に抜かれて生きるのが最も良い。)\n\n**[English]** Ordinary people are dumb/careless, and nothing is as good as\nbeing overtaken by other people.\n\n(i.e., Ordinary people are not smart enough to keep outsmarting other people\nforever. It's best for a ordinary person to allow others to outsmart/overtake\nyou; otherwise you will end up with a worse outcome, like this cat which ended\nup starving.)\n\n[只人【ただびと】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/136800/meaning/m0u/) means\n\"ordinary person\". I feel this 愚かにす does not mean \"people make light (of\nsomeone)\" because there is no object.\n\n> かまひて末のよに人をぬかんと思はじ。\n\n**[現代文]** 決して(この)末世に人を出し抜こうと思わないようにしよう。\n\n**[English]** Let's never think you will outsmart someone in this degenerate\nworld.\n\nI think this 末のよ is\n[末世](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/idiom/%E6%9C%AB%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96/m0u/),\nor \"morally corrupted (current) world/age\" full of bad people.",
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"body": "Please help me understand this words' meanings. ",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does バリ and ピタ mean?",
"view_count": 186
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"body": "バリ and ピタ are both onomatopoeia (sound effect) words - バリ represents the sound\nof tearing the sheet, and ピタ the \"sound\" of sticking it down tightly.\n\nOnomatopoeia words are only loosely lexicalised and relatively flexible in the\nform they take, so they can sometimes be tricky to find in dictionaries, but\nyou should probably be able to find バリ under バリバリ (as the reduplicated form is\noften treated as the most basic form for onomatopoeia) and ピタ perhaps under\nピタっと (since, somewhat unusually for a sound-effect word, it isn't usually\nreduplicated) or as its very common variant ぴったり.",
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"body": "I thought I'd understood the differences until I actually had to use them more\noften to express myself better. Since this is an old, recurring grammar topic,\nI'll just lay out all possible forms I can think of below.\n\n> 僕は--\n>\n> **勉強してる** :\n>\n> I am studying (as of now)\n>\n> **勉強していた** :\n>\n> I had been studying / had studied (until a certain point in time in the\n> past)\n>\n> **勉強してくる** :\n>\n> I have studied / have been studying (until now, and will continue to do so\n> until a certain point in the future)\n>\n> **勉強してきた** :\n>\n> I have studied / have been studying (until now)\n>\n> **勉強してきている** :\n>\n> I have been studying (until now, whether I will continue or not is not\n> specified)\n>\n> **勉強してきていた** :\n>\n> I had been studying (until a certain point in time in the past)\n\n**Problems:**\n\n 1. If my understanding is correct, some of them seem to overlap.\n 2. Do Japanese people nitpick about the different usages laid out above? (Regardless of how conscious this process is.)\n\nどうぞよろしくお願いいたします。",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "How does ていた (from ている) compare to てくる and てきた？",
"view_count": 265
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"body": "You are right except 勉強してくる. It says nothing about the past or the present\ntime, but means \"will study there and come back here\" or \"will have studied by\nthen\".\n\nAs for the difference between 勉強してきた and …してきている, they describe the same\nsituation, however, the latter puts focus on the current state of the object\nrather than the actions it has accumulated. So, for example, 殺してきた is likely\nto continue to a story that tells how unforgibable the deed is, while 殺してきている\nhow dangerous the agent is.",
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"body": "I'm trying to create a name for a fictional 'kami' or spirit for a story and I\nam struggling with developing it's name. I don't want to create a name for it\nand then have it mean something totally ridiculous or just not make any sense.\nI originally posted this in the world building stack exchange, but they told\nme to post here.\n\nThe world is vaguely based on Japan, but it's a fantasy world not a literal\nrepresentation of Japan, but all the characters have Japanese names. For the\nother characters I've stuck to traditional names, but for my spirit characters\nI wanted something a bit more unique.\n\n(Obviously a god can't just be named the Japanese equivalent of 'bob' or\nsomething.$\n\nI have several of these characters, so I will need to really understand how to\ncreate names for them in the future, not just this one. However, to start\nwith: the first is a Kami that is the manifestation of 'Truth.' I'm trying to\ncreate a name for it that has a meaning like 'Truth Seeing Deity' or maybe\n'One Who Sees Truth' or something similar.\n\nThe 'idea' for the name is based off the name of the shinto kami Omoikane,(思兼\nor 思金) whose name I believe means 'Thought Combining Deity.' Omoi meaning\n'thought' and Kane coming from the verb 'to combine?' I would like something\nlike this, so maybe using the verb 'to see' and the noun for truth?\n\nSomething like Mi (見) and Shin (真)? So Mishin? Would that be right or does\nthat make no sense?\n\nI have very little knowledge of the language, and unfortunately all the\nresearch I've done has just confused me further. I'd really appreciate any\nhelp I can get, thanks!",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"names"
],
"title": "How to construct a name for fictional Kami?",
"view_count": 962
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"body": "### Readings\n\nKami names are generally quite old, and as such, they do not include _on'yomi_\n, since these readings are based on the imported Chinese terms. The _shin_\nreading for 真 is _on'yomi_. The native Japanese readings are called\n_kun'yomi_. A possibly better native-Japanese term using the _kun'yomi_ and\nthat gets close in meaning might be 本【もと】 ( _moto_ , \"base, root, origin,\ncause\"), or maybe 真【まこと】 ( _makoto_ , \"real thing\", from _ma-_ \"real, true\" +\n_koto_ \"thing, saying, word\").\n\n### Word order\n\nAlso, Japanese is an SOV or subject-object-verb language, where the subject is\noften omissible -- so the verb should come at the end to sound more\n\"Japanese-y\", rather than the Chinese SVO ordering that would put the 見【み】\nfirst.\n\n### Suggestion\n\nPutting it together, with a bit of punning, you might arrive at 真見神 ( _Makoto-\nmi Kami_ ), parsing out to \"truth-seeing god\". The pun here is that the\nreading could also be spelled as 真御神 ( _Makoto Mikami_ ), where _mikami_ is an\nolder honorific term for a _kami_ , using the honorific prefix 御【み】 ( _mi-_ ).\nThis alternative would parse out to \"truth honorable god → honorable god of\ntruth\".",
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"body": "I was reading through the following\n[blog](http://nihonshock.com/2010/02/particles-the-difference-between-wa-and-\nga/) and came across a particularly interesting example on the use of は and が.\n\nThe author explains that in the context of a young man pointing at a number of\npictures of girls he could use the following sentence to say \"I like her\".\n\n> 私は彼女だね。\n\nI am reading this as the following:\n\n私は - As for me 彼女だね - she it is right?\n\nI know that the adjective for \"like\" is 好き however the author also describes だ\nas the Verb for \"being\" I can't find this Verb anywhere online, and as far as\nI know だ is just the informal equivalent of the polite です.\n\nCan someone help explain this to me? I'm guessing the answer is very much\nrelated to the context so relies heavily on the question, probably something\nlike \"which one do you like?\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-21T17:43:41.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61651",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Using だ as a Verb",
"view_count": 313
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"body": "Many books and websites explain だ／です as verbs meaning \"to be\". However in my\nexperience thinking of these as verbs only confuses people. です is added to the\nends of sentences to make the sentences more polite. It will be too confusing\nto think of it as anything more than that. Adding だ or だね to the end of a\nsentence adds a certain feeling that is hard to explain. Rather than trying to\nexplain it, it is better to just read thousands of sentences using these\nparticles until you start to intuitively understand the kinds of feelings they\ncan convey. They don't add any extra meaning, they add feelings. Here are some\nothers:\n\nだよ\n\nね\n\nだよね\n\nよね\n\nな\n\nだな\n\nだよな",
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"body": "This is a difficult question, that has some nuances to it. It's best resolved\nwith practice, but just be cautious that there are some 'general guidelines'\nto be wary of checking before proceeding.\n\nIt is worth considering that だ functions more like a \"declarative particle\",\naccording to a few sources; you are asserting the quality of something as\nsuch-and-such. The particle だ is used in contexts where you are asserting\nsomething is the way it is, whereas です is an actual copula, like \"to be\" in\nEnglish. Because of this distinction, there are cases where you cannot or\nshould not use だ, but could and should use です. This is because whereas だ is a\nplain form-only particle, its function is related to making something a\nstatement, which does not work when asking a question in Japanese, for\nexample.\n\nAlso, consider that だ can be used within a sentence, whereas です can only be\nused at the very end of a sentence; so as to indicate politeness and to\nfunction as a copula. These are the two main reasons why one could not use です\nwhere you would use だ.",
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"body": "Japanese allows the omission of almost any part of the sentence as long as it\ncan be understood from the context.\n\nSo \n私は彼女だ。 \nis short for \n私は彼女が好きだ。(I like her)\n\n好き was omitted because it probably can be understood from the context. \nAs you say, it is probably an answer to the question \"which one do you like\".",
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"creation_date": "2018-09-22T00:22:37.173",
"id": "61656",
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"body": "This is a typical example of うなぎ文 (\"eel sentences\"). As you have correctly\nguessed, the interpretation of this sentence is highly context-dependent. In\ndifferent contexts, 私は彼女だね can mean \"I hate her\", \"I will work with her\" or\nvirtually anything. For details, please see the following.\n\n * [Are possessive particles implied in a conversation?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44053/5010)\n * [Overall syntax of this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48986/5010)\n * [“Eel sentences” in Japanese](https://linguisticsblog.brill.com/2016/11/25/eel-sentences-in-japanese/)",
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"body": "The short version, although probably not enough for someone who would ask the\nquestion:\n\n**だ is a contraction of である, which functions as a pseudo-copula**. It is a\ncombination of the particle で and the verb ある. There needs to be a noun\npreceding it, which will then function as the で-marked \"argument\" of ある.\n\nだ is _not_ in the same category as sentence-ending particles like ね and よ. It\nhas clear grammatical function - although it is re-grouping things in a way\nthat obscures the natural pattern. The polite form of だ is です, itself a\ncontraction of であります. (However, です [has evolved a separate\nusage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22939), which also allows\nit to be used at the end of a sentence after i-adjectives and certain\nconjugated forms of verbs.)\n\n* * *\n\nIn the example 私は彼女だね, ね is a colloquial sentence ending, adding the nuance of\n\", right?\", as noted. **The core of the sentence, however, is 私は彼女である**.\nContracting to だ (or です formally) at the end of a sentence is more or less\nmandatory, but the analysis will be easier to follow using the un-contracted\nform である - so all the examples below will do that.\n\nHere, we functionally have a verb ある - \"to exist\" - with a topic 私 (\"I\")\nmarked with は, and a... [mode of\nexistence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68217) marked with で.\nThis sentence is _about_ the speaker, and it asserts that _something exists_\nin a \"her\" way. In other words, that something \"is\" her. Although the で is\nnormally contracted with the verb, it is really **a particle that marks the\npreceding noun's role**.\n\nMany observations at this point:\n\n 1. There isn't an expressed grammatical subject here (marked with が). **Japanese is a[\"pro-drop\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-drop_language) language**, where these things can formally be omitted (i.e., it is grammatically correct to do so) and the listener is expected to infer them from context. English struggles with both of those: a grammatical subject almost always needs to be stated explicitly (even if that subject is \"it\").\n\nIn particular, 私 _isn't_ the thing that 彼女である - that would mean \"I am her\". By\n[using a topic marker\ninstead](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22), we allow for\nsomething else to be the thing that is identified as \"her\". Why do we have a\nsentence that is _about_ 私, when 私 isn't the thing that ある? Er... [good\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/%e3%81%af-\nand-%e3%81%8c). (If you have a few years to research, start by looking up the\nclassic example 「[象]{ぞう}は[鼻]{はな}が[長]{なが}い」.)\n\n 2. The English verb \"to be\" is very strange. It can mean \"to exist\"; but it can also function as a _copula_ , which we understand as either relating an adjective to a subject predicatively (\"the cat is cute\"), or predicatively equating (in multiple different ways, actually) a subject to a direct object: \"This animal is a cat\" (categorizing), \"That is my cat\" (identifying), etc.\n\n**Japanese doesn't have anything like that**. The closest thing in Japanese\nequivalents to an \"adjective\" can freely be used predicatively already: 可愛い猫\n(\"cute cat\") -> 猫が可愛い (\"the cat is cute\"). For equating things predicatively,\nJapanese uses the verb ある, which is pretty close to \"to exist\" (there is also\nいる, but [we won't get into that\nnow](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1905) and we don't use it in\nthis context), **with the particle で to indicate the role**.\n\n 3. The example **cannot be properly understood as \"omitting が好き\"**, because that would be _changing_ the で-marked part from 彼女 to 好き, and similarly _changing_ the role of 彼女. Although, contextually, 私は彼女が好きである could mean the same thing, it conveys that meaning in a different way.\n\nNote here that 好き is grammatically a _noun, not an adjective_ - although it is\none with very restricted uses. Practically, we only find it either before\nだ/です, or used as a \"na-adjective\" (but see the note at the end). In English\ngrammatical terms, 好き is basically a _gerund_ formed from the verb form 好く -\nalthough directly using that verb is [so unidiomatic as to be almost\ntheoretical-only](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4611).\n\nAnyway, the point is that 私は彼女が好きである means that \"she\" exists in a \"liking\"\nway, and this sentence is _about_ the speaker. The natural inference is that\nthe speaker is the one doing the liking.\n\nWhat about the original?\n\nThe sentence is _about_ the speaker, and there is _something_ identified as\nbeing \"her\". We also know from context that the speaker is claiming to like\nher. What is the implied subject? It might, therefore, be \"a liked person\":\n**私は好きな人が彼女である**. In this rendering of the subject, 好きな人, we get to see the\nuse of the combination 好きな as a \"na-adjective\".\n\nFor bonus marks: using な to turn a noun into an adjective like this [is really\nthe same thing](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1008) as using\nだ=である to do it. (There are complex historical reasons why な is used instead of\nだ in this context; basically, Japanese used to conjugate verbs differently in\nthese two contexts, and dropped the distinction in most cases but kept it for\nthese idiomatic, contracted forms.) However, sometimes we have to use の\ninstead, which [is functionally\ndifferent](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2770) and probably\nbetter understood as \"just a way to connect nouns\".",
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"body": "im self learning japanese and having problems understanding られる or 受け身 form of\nverbs.\n\nI am wondering why the following sentences are not ok:\n\n> 私は石に頭に落ちられた\n>\n> トムは交差点の真ん中で車に止められた\n\nHowever it says\n\n僕は雨に降られた is ok.\n\nCan anyone explain why this is the case?",
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"creation_date": "2018-09-21T23:11:45.940",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "some questions on られる form",
"view_count": 101
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[
{
"body": "Are you taking those examples from \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\"?\nThe book itself says the reason: \n\"In indirect passive sentences the agent of the event is usually animate and\nthe action is volitional\".\n\nThis kind of passive is usually used when you suffered the actions of someone\nelse.\n\nWhen you say 僕は雨に降られた it is as if you are putting the blame on the rain, as if\nthe rain wanted to hurt you on purpose. \nOf course that is not true, so usually you cannot use that kind of passive for\ninanimate objects.",
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"accepted_answer_id": "61669",
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"body": "Normally I see that 続ける is being paired with を instead, eg ,\n仕事を続けてください。(please continue working).\n\nBut what about this example i got after searching one of the many definitions\nof the て-form from kotobank.jp\n([https://kotobank.jp/word/て-573101#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A6-573101#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)).\n\n**補助動詞に続けて** 、動作・作用の内容を具体的に示す意を表す。 (補助動詞に続けて、action・represents the specific\nindication of the contents of an action.) , it means something like this right\n? What does 補助動詞に続けて mean ?\n\nAnother example I got from the web is \"飲み忘れずに続けるコツ\", what does this mean ?\nAlso, how does the verb 飲み忘れる come to exist as I cant find anything about it\non the dictionary? Shouldn't it be a compound verb like 着替える or 繰り返す ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T02:39:56.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61661",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T07:23:13.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "31325",
"owner_user_id": "30292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of sentences with 続ける when paired with に",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 補助動詞に続けて\n\nIt means \"followed by `補助動詞`\" when using the て-form.\n\nLike the example shown on the website:\n\n「思い出して`みる`」「嫌になって`しまう`」\n\n> 飲み忘れずに続ける\n\nThis means, `Continue without forgetting to drink`. And 飲み忘れる means `forgot to\ndrink`. which is a composition of noun (飲み) and verb (忘れる).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T05:32:38.240",
"id": "61662",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T11:16:40.590",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T11:16:40.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "31325",
"owner_user_id": "31325",
"parent_id": "61661",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Depending on the context, ～に続ける means both of the following:\n\n * to continue **from** ～; to follow ～ (～の後に続ける) \n\n> * 彼に続けて話す \n> to speak following his speech\n> * メインディッシュに続けてデザートを食べる \n> to eat dessert after the main dish\n> * 昨日に続けて今日もその仕事をしています。\n\n * to continue **to** ～; to be followed by ～ (～へ続ける, ～へ続くようにする) \n\n> * 補助動詞に続けて \n> continuing to a subsidiary verb\n> * 今回の成功を次の成功に続けたい。 \n> I want to make this success to be followed by next ones.\n> * 次ページに続ける to continue to the next page\n\nSomething like 攻撃を回避に続ける is ambiguous and can mean both \"to dodge right after\nattacking\" or \"to attack right after dodging\" depending on the context. In\nyour case, it's obviously about the te-form followed by a subsidiary verb.\n\n* * *\n\nBut に has many functions, and に right before 続ける may play different roles:\n\n> * この仕事を彼に続けて欲しい。 \n> I want him to continue this job. (彼に modifies 欲しい rather than 続ける)\n> * 効果的に続けてトレーニングをする \n> to effectively continue the training (に turns a na-adjective to an adverb)\n> * 飲み忘れずに続けてください。 \n> Please continue (taking the pills) without forgetting to do so. (に is part\n> of the [ずに construction](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\n> jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB-zuni/))\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T12:28:59.697",
"id": "61669",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
] |
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61669
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61669
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61667",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider the following sentence:\n\n> その大臣は **政治家にあるまじき発言** で、辞任に追い込まれた。\n\nI would like to know in particular how the section in bold should be parsed.\nFor example:\n\n * Since まじき is the attributive form of まじ, does まじき bind to 発言? \n * eg: 政治家にある［まじき発言］\n * Alternatively, does ある bind to まじき first? \n * eg: 政治家に［［あるまじき］発言］\n * Or is it that the whole left side be attached together? \n * eg: ［政治家にあるまじき］発言\n * And if so, is it ［政治家にある］まじき, or 政治家に［あるまじき］? Or...?\n\nMy bet right now is on 政治家に［あるまじき］, since まじ is an auxiliary verb. In this\ncase, it is an auxiliary for ある, therefore I think that まじき makes あるまじき an\nattributive form as a whole. However, I'm not sure what exact role に plays in\nthis interpretation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T08:05:22.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61665",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T15:18:36.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T09:33:07.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "25859",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to parse 政治家にあるまじき発言?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "> その大臣は政治家にあるまじき発言で、辞任を追い込まれた。\n\nI'm not quite sure I understanding the parsing question, but I take the\nsentence to mean:\n\n> The minister's statement was, considering that he's a politician, shocking\n> enough that he was driven into retirement.\n\nTo arrive at this, I'm working from the following:\n\n1 . ... 発言で、追い込まれた - \"because of statement was driven into retirement\"\n\n 2. その大臣は...発言で、追い込まれた。 \"that minister was because of statement drive into retirement\" \n 3. その大臣は...まじき発言で、追い込まれた。 - \"that minister was because of unbelievable statement driven into retirement\" ([working from definition 5 from 大辞林 第三版の解説](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%98-136099#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88))\n 4. その大臣は 政治家にある まじき発言で、追い込まれた。 \"that minister was because of unbelievable for a politician statement driven into retirement\"\n\nand then fixing it up in the English.\n\nAt least that's how I parse it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T10:02:33.200",
"id": "61666",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T10:02:33.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4091",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "まじ is [an auxiliary verb in archaic Japanese](https://www.hello-\nschool.net/haroajapa009022.htm). When you read archaic Japanese, you have to\nunderstand how まじ conjugates, including its attributive form まじき. In modern\nJapanese, まじ is no longer actively used, except that negative-volitional まじ in\n終止形 is occasionally used in place of まい in stiff literary works (e.g. 我らも遅れまじ\n\"we ought not drop behind\"). But あるまじき has [survived as a fixed set\nphrase](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42724/5010) meaning \"unbecoming\"\nor \"(ethically) inappropriate\", and it's still relatively common. Basically\nyou can treat あるまじき as a fossilized 連体詞 (attributive). Dictionaries of modern\nJapanese usually have a dedicated entry for あるまじき.\n\nIt takes に or として, and `～ + (に/として) + あるまじき` means \"(which is) inappropriate\nfor ～\" or \"unbecoming to ～\". So 政治家にあるまじき発言 is parsed like\n`［［政治家に→］あるまじき→］発言`, \"a statement which is inappropriate for a politician.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T10:12:14.487",
"id": "61667",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T12:33:40.900",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T12:33:40.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61665",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "あるまじき is listed in the dictionary as one single expression. \nIt means \"inappropriate\", \"absurd\", \"unacceptable\", \"inconvenient\".\n\nあるまじき【有るまじき】［連語］《動詞「あり」の連体形＋打消し推量の助動詞「まじ」の連体形。連体詞的に用いる》あってはならない。不都合である。とんでもない。「指導者に有るまじき振る舞い」 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/7932/meaning/m0u/有るまじき/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/7932/meaning/m0u/%E6%9C%89%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%98%E3%81%8D/)\n\nSo the sentence becomes: \n政治家にあるまじき発言 \nA statement inappropriate for a politician (to say)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T15:18:36.467",
"id": "61671",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T15:18:36.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61665",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61665
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61667
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61667
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61689",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a manga and I've seen \"nameや\" a couple times now, but I'm not sure\nwhat it means exactly. Does it show affection?\n\nTwo examples:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GGTOO.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Qggi4.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T17:49:03.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61674",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T04:47:19.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31351",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 21,
"tags": [
"particle-や"
],
"title": "What does や after someone's name mean exactly?",
"view_count": 4224
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are right, it shows affection.\n\nAccording to the dictionary, や is a suffix for names or nouns to show\naffection.\n\nや: ［接尾］人を表す名詞や人名などに付いて、親しみの意を添える。「ねえや」「坊や」「爺や」「きよや」 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220995/meaning/m0u/や/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220995/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%84/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T18:35:58.067",
"id": "61675",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T18:35:58.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "There are two types of や which should be distinguished.\n\n * **や as 終助詞 (sentence-ending particle) or 間投助詞 (interjectory particle)** : A casual [_vocative_ particle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13823/5010). In English, \"hey\" as in \"Hey Siri\" or \"o\" as in \"O Lord\" is similar in purpose. But this type of や sounds old-fashioned and is found almost exclusively in fiction, fairly tales, etc. It can follow an arbitrary person name, and ～や is not grammatically related to the following part of the sentence. \n\n> ≪終助≫ 目下の相手に対する呼びかけを表す。「太郎や、帰ったのかい」「ポチや、こっちにおいで」 [明鏡国語辞典 第二版]\n>\n> ≪間助≫ 名詞、名詞に準じる語、副詞に付く。呼びかけを表す。「花子や、ちょっとおいで」[デジタル大辞泉]\n\n * **や as 接尾語 (suffix)** : A suffix is a component to form another word. An English equivalent of this type of や is [\"-ie\"](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ie#Suffix) as in \"doggie\" or \"Kathie\". The resulting word is another noun, so you can say 坊やが寝ている, じいやを呼べ, etc. You cannot attach it to an arbitrary name. Actually, this や is found in a very limited set of nouns, and IMHO ぼうや, じいや and such should be learned as distinct nouns.\n\n> ≪接尾≫《人を表す名詞に付いて》親しみの意を表す。「坊や・ねえや・ばあや・じいや」 [明鏡国語辞典 第二版]\n>\n> ≪接尾≫ 人を表す名詞や人名などに付いて、親しみの意を添える。「ねえや」「坊や」「爺や」「きよや」[デジタル大辞泉]\n\nSince メアリ is a Western person name, this や in メアリや is not a suffix but the\nvocative-や. メアリや means \"Oh Mary\", \"Listen, Mary\" or simply \"Mary!\" You can not\nsay something like メアリやが女王になる. The vocative-や is sometimes used even after a\nname suffix, (e.g., お前さんや \"(Hey) You!\") or a suffix-や (e.g., ばあやや, \"(Hey)\nGrandma!\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T03:11:27.297",
"id": "61689",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 22
}
] |
61674
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61689
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61689
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61678",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example, ジョーズ３ (i.e. \"Jaws Three\") is in a list of movies. Would the \"3\"\nbe pronounced \"さん\"? Typically, counter words follow after a number in\nJapanese. And sometimes the number's reading changes depending on the counter.\nFor example, 「じゅうがつ・とおか」. But this is a katakana word. Is there a pattern\nfollowed for titles?\n\nHow would a native Japanese speaker pronounce a title such as this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T21:13:42.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61676",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T02:10:49.090",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T21:44:25.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How are numbers pronounced in (movie) titles? (i.e. ジョーズ３)",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "The most natural reading in this case would be the transliteration of the\nEnglish reading of the number\n\n 1. ワン\n 2. ツー or トゥー\n 3. スリー\n 4. フォー\n 5. ファイブ\n 6. シックス\n 7. セブン\n 8. エイト\n 9. ナイン\n 10. テン\n 11. イレブン\n 12. トゥエルブ\n 13. サーティーン\n\netc.\n\nFor example, 『オーシャンズ[11]{イレブン}』 or indeed 『ジョーズ[3]{スリー}』.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T21:43:19.100",
"id": "61678",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T21:43:19.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "61676",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Usually it is pronounced in katakana English\n\nExamples: \n2 days: トゥー・デイズ \nSuper 8: スーパーエイト \nTen: テン \nTerminator 2: ターミネーター トゥー \nOcean's 11: オーシャンズ イレブン \n\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_days_トゥー・デイズ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_days_%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA) \n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUPER8/スーパーエイト](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUPER8/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88) \n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/テン_(映画)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3_\\(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB\\)) \n<https://youtu.be/DoIETt21P7g?t=40s> \n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/オーシャンズ11](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA11)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T02:10:49.090",
"id": "61686",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T02:10:49.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61676",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61676
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61678
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61678
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61680",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I read once that it means something like \"reconstruction\" or \"restoration\",\nbut that it is an example of a word that cannot be \"truly\" translated into\nEnglish.\n\nCould anybody here explain in detail what it means and how common it is in\neveryday speech in the Japanese-speaking world?\n\nWhat about the associated expression \"the flow of fukugen\"? Would you be so\nkind as to help me to unravel it too?\n\nThanks in advance for your knowledgeable replies.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T21:28:37.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61677",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T04:48:51.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-22T21:42:12.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "19925",
"owner_user_id": "19925",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What does \"fukugen\" really mean?",
"view_count": 634
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word is made of two kanji: 復 (fuku) 元 (gen)\n\n * 復 (fuku) means \"restore\"\n * 元 (gen) means \"origin\"\n\nPut together, the word 復元 has the following definitions:\n\n**JMDict** (Japanese-English dictionary)\n\n> restoration (to original state); reconstruction\n\n**三省堂 スーパー大辞林** (Japanese dictionary)\n\n> もとの状態や位置に戻すこと。「遺跡の住居を―する」\n>\n> Translation:\n>\n> Returning something to an original condition or place. [Restoring houses of\n> ruins]\n\nBy brief Google survey, the main usages of 復元 seem to be for restoring data\n(in computers), restoring various historical items and artifacts, and so on.\nNot very different from the English equivalent.\n\nBy some Google searching, 復元の流れ (fukugen no nagare - \"the flow of\nrestoration\") seems to be an inscription on a stone monument at the Tenryū-ji\n(天龍寺) temple in Kyoto, which is placed near a small man-made stream of water.\nThe inscription \"復元\" appears in other locations in this temple too. They\nappear to be memorials for when the temple was set on fire during the Kinmon\nincident, or perhaps one of the many other times the temple was set on fire. I\nguess it's just a short phrase to remind people of the ongoing recovery from\nthose disasters.\n\nAs far as Google serves me, I don't see any particular other usage of this\nphrase, other than people occasionally using it to mean like... \"the\n(work)flow of restoration\", in eg. a step-by-step guide on how to restore\ncomputer data.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T22:26:56.577",
"id": "61680",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "61677",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It means \"reconstruction\", as you said. \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/復原/#je-65590](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%BE%A9%E5%8E%9F/#je-65590)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T01:38:33.167",
"id": "61684",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T01:38:33.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61677",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61691",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ゲームをやめるとグループから外されるんじゃないかといつも不安でした。 **不安になった日の翌朝は、友だちにすごく優しくするんです。**\n> そうやって友だちに奉仕して、関係を無理矢理にでもうまくつなごうとしていました。いつの間にか友だちづきあいに疲れてしまっていましたね([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0919.html?utm_int=tokushu-\n> new_contents_list-items_004))\n\nI don't understand why the past tense isn't used for 優しくする(=>優しくした)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T22:25:15.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61679",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T05:53:39.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"tense"
],
"title": "Sentence in the present tense when the text is in the past tense?",
"view_count": 532
}
|
[
{
"body": "That sentence in bold is an example of historical present, as the sentence\ndescribes his habitual behavior in the past. It's not to be confused with\nrelative tense [described\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25376/5010). It's hard to logically\ndescribe when historical present is employed, but in this specific case, the\nintention is clear; he used it to emphasize the sentence with vividness and\nemotion.\n\nSee:\n\n * [Why did the author briefly jump to present tense in this article?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23349/5010)\n * [Negative present endings translated as past tense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53760/5010)\n * [i am confusesd as to what historical present tense is, when it is used, etc](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55536/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T04:11:43.180",
"id": "61691",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T05:53:39.860",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-23T05:53:39.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61679",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61679
|
61691
|
61691
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am learning Japanese at a beginner's level. I am wondering how to pronounce\nthe letter ❛ た❜ because according to the chart it should be pronounce as ta ,\nbut in listening materials and everyday conversation it is often pronounced as\nda ,like the word だ . Is it depends on grammar or it's just a custom ? Could\nyou please tell me more details about pronunciation? Thank you for consider my\nquestion.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T00:41:49.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61681",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T20:12:21.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to pronounce ❛ た❜？",
"view_count": 323
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is pronounced as \"ta\", like in \"target\" or \"tarmac\" \n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMktI173n5M>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T01:25:05.150",
"id": "61682",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T01:25:05.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61681",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Since you say you know what だ sounds like, I'll answer your question\nindirectly by focusing on the _differences_ between た and だ.\n\nOverall, the difference between た and だ is that だ is \"voiced\", hence the\naccent.\n\nSo, what does \"voiced\" really mean?\n\n\"Voiced\" means that your throat vibrates. To demonstrate this, try putting\nyour fingers on the front of your neck, and say \"t\" and \"d\". You'll notice the\nonly difference between the two sounds is that your throat vibrates when you\nsay \"d\". When you say \"t\", the air passes without vibrating your throat.\n\nHopefully this experiment helps you distinguish between the two!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T01:29:41.923",
"id": "61683",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T01:29:41.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"parent_id": "61681",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Your native language (Mandarin? Chinese) is confusing you here.\n\nMandarin distinguishes two kinds of stop sounds - one where the airflow is\nsimply stopped and then allowed to resume again, and one where there's a small\nburst of noisy air when the closure is released. The first are transcribed in\nPinyin with _b d g_ ; the second with _p t k_. English does something rather\nsimilar to this, in fact.\n\nIn contrast, Japanese has a different distinction between its two kinds of\nstop sounds. Again, in one, the airflow is just stopped and then allowed to\nresume, but in the other, your vocal folds are vibrating during the closure\n(just like in Nicolas Guillemot's answer). In this case, the first series is\ntranscribed as _p t k_ , and the second (voiced) one with _b d g_.\n\nYou can put this sort of in a table like this.\n\n```\n\n noisy release simple voiced\n Pinyin t d -\n Japanese - t d\n \n```\n\nThis is why you're confused about Japanese /t/ - because you're used to\nMandarin transcribed using Pinyin, you're used to seeing that sound written as\n_d._ In Japanese, _d_ means something else.\n\nYou may struggle for a while to hear the difference between Japanese /t/ and\n/d/ because Mandarin doesn't care at all about that difference, and your ear\nisn't used to listening for it - it's listening for a different distinction,\nwhich in turn Japanese doesn't care about.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T20:12:21.080",
"id": "61698",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T20:12:21.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "61681",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
61681
| null |
61698
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61695",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How can I say that something is not comparable, or \"nothing\" in comparison to\nthe other?\n\nFor example, in case of two rivals in a battle:\n\n> Comparing to my power level, your power level is nothing!\n>\n> 貴様{きさま}のパワーさは、僕｛ぼく｝のパワーさより (Don't know how to end the sentence) ！\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T07:30:11.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61692",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T11:17:45.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-30T11:17:45.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "31354",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to say that something is like nothing or not comparable to other?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "there are a lot of ways you could end that sentence, and there are other\nspeech patterns that might work for you if you actually want to express the\nliteral idea of \"incomparable\".\n\nI think the most natural way to finish the sentence as you have written it\nwould be:\n\n> 「貴様{きさま}のパワーは、僕{ぼく}のパワーより **小{ちい}さい。** 」\n\nyou might also choose words like **弱{よわ}い** or a phrase like **大{たい}したことじゃない**\nor **なんてこともない**\n\nHowever, I am not actually sure that a native speaker would choose to use the\n\"より\" method of comparison, when talking specifically about one person's power\nbeing incomparable to their own or another person's... It might be more\n(grammatically) natural instead to say something like\n\n> 「貴様{きさま}のパワーは、僕{ぼく}のとは比{くら}べられない。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T08:21:18.843",
"id": "61693",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T11:54:13.720",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T11:54:13.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "61692",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There are [various ways to express\nthis](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E8%B6%B3%E5%85%83%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B0%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84),\nbut here are the most useful ones.\n\n> * お前のパワーは僕のパワーとは比べものにならない！\n> * お前のパワーは僕のパワーとは比較にならない！\n> * お前のパワーは僕のパワーの足元にも及ばない！\n>\n\nNotes:\n\n * A person who might say 貴様 usually does not say 僕. \"貴様 and 俺\" or \"お前 and 僕\" are the natural combinations.\n * パワー is a noun itself, so you don't need to attach さ to nominalize it. (You can at least say パワフルさ because パワフル is a (na-)adjective, but it's too roundabout in this case.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T09:09:47.837",
"id": "61695",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T09:09:47.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61692",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61692
|
61695
|
61695
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having a difficult time understanding the use of の-Adj in the JLPT N5\ngrammar examples and practice I've been studying and haven't found a good\nresource for finding the answer. The sentence is fairly simple but I can't\ntell what the purpose of the の at the end of the Adj is in it. It goes:\n\n> 大きいのは いくらですか。 Ookii-no wa ikura desuka?\n\nDoes anybody have any clue? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T21:14:39.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61699",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-02T00:59:34.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-24T01:41:46.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31358",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"questions",
"i-adjectives",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Adjective-No in a Question format?",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "の in this case is a pronoun that can be translated to English as \"one\".\n\n(More precisely, it's a \"dependent indefinite pronoun\")\n\nTherefore:\n\n> 大きい = \"big\" (adjective)\n>\n> 大きいの = \"big one\" (noun equivalent)\n\nBy applying this translation, we can see the problem that happens if we don't\nuse の:\n\n> *大きいはいくらですか = \"how much is the big\" (wrong)\n>\n> 大きいのはいくらですか = \"how much is the big one\" (correct)\n\nFor more research on uses of の, I recommend reading the relevant chapters of\nthe book \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T22:04:48.663",
"id": "61700",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T23:03:53.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"parent_id": "61699",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 318:\n\n> の: a nominalizer which is used when the nominalized sentence expresses a\n> directly perceptible event. (...)\n>\n> Example sentence(s): \n> 日本へ行くのは簡単です。 \n> Going to Japan is easy.\n>\n> ...\n>\n> Formation: \n> 話すのは \n> The act of talking\n>\n> 高いのは \n> The expensive one\n>\n> 静かだったのは \n> The one that was quiet\n>\n> ...\n>\n> の makes a noun equivalent from a sentence.\n>\n> ...\n>\n> There is another nominalizer こと. の and こと are sometimes mutually\n> interchangeable. For example, [日本へ行くのは簡単です。] can be restated as:\n>\n> 日本へ行くことは簡単です。 \n> Going to Japan is easy.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T01:26:07.047",
"id": "61706",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-02T00:59:34.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-02T00:59:34.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61699",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61699
| null |
61700
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61703",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ええ～、なかなかいらっしゃらないからと、近隣の署に片っ端から **連絡を入れた** そうですよ\n\neh, you didn't show up, so it seemed like (she) contacted every police station\nin the area\n\n> おたくらちょっとそれ軽く **いじめ入ってる** よ！？ 自覚あります！？\n\nyou Otakus, you're sorta (trivially?) bullying me, you realize that?\n\nWhat is the different between these usages and just simply the verb itself?\n(連絡する・いじめる) ?\n\non a side note, what is the best way to read 軽く here? The speaker is honestly\npretty damn upset in this situation.\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T22:23:29.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61701",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T01:04:01.193",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T01:04:01.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Nuance of Noun-verb (を）入る/入れる",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, you are assuming the examples you gave for `[入]{い}れる` and\n`[入]{はい}る` are functionally the same, but they aren't.\n\nIn regard to your first sentence: both `入れる` and `入る` are used with `連絡` to\ndescribe the action of contacting someone, or contact having come in,\nrespectively. See\n[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%A1%E3%82%92%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B&ref=sa),\n[here](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/9101007.html) and\n[here](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%A1%E3%81%8C%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8B).\nYou can take this `連絡を入れた` largely the same way you would take `連絡した`.\n\nIn regard to the second sentence, and how `いじめが入っている` is different from simply\n`いじめる`, I think it becomes clearer if we think about grammatical structure\nhere.\n\n> 人をいじめる\n\nIs simply to \"bully someone\", where the person is the direct object of\nbullying, and that's all that's happening. Conversely\n\n> いじめが入っている\n\nIs talking about \"bullying being in\" something else, such as someone's\nactions, words, or just about anything. You could say `いじめの入っている行動` to\ndescribe action that included or amounted to bullying, but might not primarily\nor explicitly be bullying.\n\nIn short, the speaker in your second sentence is telling whoever he's talking\nto that whatever `それ` is includes or amounts to bullying, whether they\nintended for it to or not.\n\nLastly, in regards to the usage of `軽く` - it can really just mean \"lightly\" or\nmore colloquially \"a little bit\", which I don't think would be a strange here\nas you think. That said, the word can also carry nuances like the English\nphrase \"to take lightly\", in the sense that these people may not be giving\nmuch thought to the bullying or taking it very seriously.\n\nEdit: As Naruto points out, this `おたくら` is likely not referring to actual\notaku, but is being used as a pronoun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T23:19:39.230",
"id": "61703",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T01:02:49.587",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T01:02:49.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "61701",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61701
|
61703
|
61703
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61704",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> とりあえず目覚ましにシャワーだけ浴びて、さっさとメシの準備をしよう。\n\n * speaker has already gotten outa bed\n\nに（して）anyways, i'm gonna (fully) wake up, and just take a shower,...\n\n(purpose) に anyways, I'm just taking a shower so i can (fully) wake up...\n\n[the AをBに construction in\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/20854/meaning-and-\ntransitivity-\nof-%E3%82%B4%E3%83%9F%E8%A2%8B%E3%82%92%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AB%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A1%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B)\n\nIs に（して）strictly only for that construction and nothing else?\n\nOtherwise is there a implied とりあえず目覚ましに(行って)シャワーだけ浴びて to satisfy the movement\nverb requirement for the \"in order to do something に\"?\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T23:12:08.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61702",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T00:53:51.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-23T23:17:20.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "\"に(して)\" and the \"for (purpose) に\" clarification",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "The particle に indicates purpose. (It's not にして.) [目覚]{めざ}まし here is a noun\nthat means [眠気]{ねむけ}[覚]{ざ}まし, \"shaking off one's sleepiness\". I think とりあえず is\nmore like \"First (of all),\" and modifies シャワーだけ浴びて, not 目覚ましに.\n\n> とりあえず（目覚ましに）シャワーだけ浴びて、\n\n_Lit._ \"First of all, for (the purpose of) shaking off my sleepiness, I'll\njust take a shower and...\" \n→ \"First of all I'll just take a shower to shake off my sleepiness and...\"",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T00:50:38.483",
"id": "61704",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T00:53:51.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T00:53:51.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61702
|
61704
|
61704
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61734",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read that `-たり form` can either be translated as \" **and** \" or \" **or** \",\nand that it indicates **no particular chronological order**.\n\nMy question is, **how do you know when which is which?**\n\nFor example, I came across these sentences:\n\n> * シャワーをあびたり、晩{ばん}ご飯{はん}を食{た}べたりします。\n>\n\n>\n> _I take a shower **or** I have dinner._\n>\n> * 夏{なつ}にはウインドサーフィンをしたり、サーフィンをしたりします。\n>\n\n>\n> _In summer, I do windsurfing **and** surf._\n\nWhy were they not translated as:\n\n> _I take a shower **and** I have dinner._\n>\n> _In summer I do windsurfing **or** surf._\n\nDoes that have something to do with use `-て form` for listing actions rather\nthan `-たり form`?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T06:44:50.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61709",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T12:26:38.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to know how to translate -たり form",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can translate it as “do things like windsurfing or surfing” but the\ncontext generally communicates the meaning. “We filled the long summer months\nof our childhood with surfing, hiking, and bonfires on the beach” is the kind\nof thing that wd get translated with 〜たり forms in Japanese.\n\nRemember, real language has context. Single-sentence examples in textbooks are\nnot real language.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T12:26:38.500",
"id": "61734",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T12:26:38.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9306",
"parent_id": "61709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61709
|
61734
|
61734
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61715",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Something I learned early on when I learnt the causative-passive was that the\nsentences also make sense when you drop the causative-passive, e.g.\n\n> 私はパンを食べさせられた。\n>\n> 私はパンを食べた。\n\nBasically, \"it's just a nuance\". Someone (possibly unnamed) made you do the\naction. But I recently came across this example where I'm pretty sure I can't\nuse that line of thought:\n\n> 考えさせられる小説。 \n> \"A novel that forces you to think\".\n\nIs this correct Japanese? 考える小説 would be \"a thinking novel\", so 考えさせらる小説 reads\nto me as \"a novel that is forced to think\", which of course is nonsense.\n\nEDIT:\n\nHm, thinking about it some more, I realised, that 考える小説 may make some sense,\nas \"books to think\", or \"books for thinking\"? Is that the reason why 考えさせられる小説\nworks?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T10:46:04.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61710",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-14T22:10:43.520",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-14T22:09:11.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "14391",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"causation",
"ambiguous-relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Does 考えさせられる小説 make sense?",
"view_count": 395
}
|
[
{
"body": "考えさせられる小説 is a correct Japanese expression, and it indeed means \"a novel that\nmakes you think (deeply).\" (Note that させる/させられる is not necessarily forcible.\nThe use of \"force\" is too strong.)\n\nTechnically speaking, 考えさせられる小説 can also mean \"the novel that is made to\nthink\", but that's nonsense. Grammatically, this is an [**adverbial-head**\nrelative clause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54677/5010) made from:\n\n> (人々は)この小説に考えさせられる。 \n> People are made to think by this novel.\n\nWhich can be relativized to:\n\n> (人々が)考えさせられる小説 \n> the novel by which people are made to think\n\nThe last sentence is too literal, and it's way more natural to say \"the book\nthat makes you think\" in English.\n\n考える本 is an uncommon expression, but it can also mean \"a book that thinks\" and\n\"a book for thinking\" depending on the context.\n\n**EDIT:** Of course you can also say (人々に)考えさせる小説, which may seem more\nstraightforward to the eyes of English speakers. But such a sentence tends to\nlook tricky in Japanese. [See this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32449/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T14:47:14.140",
"id": "61715",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T15:09:49.943",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-24T15:09:49.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "> 私は小説に考えさせられる。 \n> I am forced to think by the novel.\n\n> 小説に考えさせられる私 \n> I who is forced to think by the novel.\n\n> 私が考えさせられる小説 \n> The novel which forces me to think.\n\nIt is possible to say either\n\n> 考えさせられる私\n>\n> 考えさせられる小説.\n\nThe meaning will depend on the context.\n\nJust by saying: \n\n> 考えさせられるA \n>\n\nthere is no way to know if A is the subject or object.\n\nSince 小説 is an inanimate object unable to think, the only possible\ninterpretation here is that 小説 is the agent of the passive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T14:55:51.170",
"id": "61716",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-14T22:10:43.520",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-14T22:10:43.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61710
|
61715
|
61715
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that both of them can be translated as “apathy”, but is there a\ndistinction between them? Are they interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T11:48:46.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61711",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T14:35:33.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 無感動 and 無関心?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 無 is a prefix meaning \"-less\". If you understand the difference between\n感動 and 関心, the difference between 無感動 and 無関心 is almost self-evident. 関心 is\n\"interest\" or \"curiosity\", whereas 感動 is \"(emotional) movement\" or\n\"excitement\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T14:35:33.287",
"id": "61714",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T14:35:33.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61711",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61711
| null |
61714
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61713",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was practicing writing for Japanese and I wanted to say, \"We don't say it\noften, but surprisingly, it has the same meaning as \"good luck\"\"\n\nMy original sentence was \"あまり言わないけど、意外に、「がんばって！」と同じ意味だよ。\" Several Japanese\nnatives corrected my sentence to:\n\n> あまり使わないけど、意外にも/意外なことに、「がんばって！」と同じ意味だよ。\n\nMy question is, what's the difference between 意外にも and 意外に？\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T12:17:35.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61712",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T01:28:02.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31363",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 意外にも and 意外に?",
"view_count": 1079
}
|
[
{
"body": "意外に works by modifying a single adjective/verb, whereas 意外にも and 意外なことに work\nby modifying an entire sentence (known as\n[disjunct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunct_\\(linguistics\\)) or\n[sentence adverb](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/sentence-adverbs)\nin English). Compare the following sentences:\n\n> * その本は意外に大きい。 \n> The book is surprisingly/unexpectedly big.\n> * 意外にもその本は大きい。 \n> 意外なことにその本は大きい。 \n> Surprisingly, the book is big.\n>\n\nThese are similar, but the former means the size of the book is even bigger\nthan you have expected. The latter means the fact that the book is big is\nunexpected.\n\nThe difference is more critical in the following example:\n\n> * 彼は意外にイタリア語ができる。 \n> He can speak Italian better than you might expect.\n> * 彼は意外にもイタリア語ができる。 \n> 彼は意外なことにイタリア語ができる。 \n> Surprisingly, he can speak Italian.\n>\n\nThe former is said when you think the listener knows he can speak Italian at\nleast a little. The latter is used when the listener has no prior knowledge\nabout his ability.\n\nLikewise, what you need in your sentence is 意外にも. You are talking about the\nsurprising fact itself, not about the degree of sameness.\n\nWords like 大きい and おいしい can be safely modified by adverbs related to degree\nsuch as とても and 意外に, just as you can say \"unexpectedly big\" or \"surprisingly\ndelicious\" in English. However, 同じ is unlikely to be modified by adverbs of\ndegree, just as you cannot say \"a little same\" or \"very same\" in English. (I\nmay be wrong, but I think \"surprisingly same\" without a comma is unnatural in\nEnglish, too.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T14:01:14.623",
"id": "61713",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T01:28:02.563",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T01:28:02.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "There is not much difference.\n\nThe goo dictionary makes no difference between the two. \nThe following page presents several examples, some using 意外に, others using\n意外にも, with no difference in meaning. \n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/10029/example/m0u/> \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/10029/meaning/m0u/意外/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/10029/meaning/m0u/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96/)\n\nThe Weblio dictionary, on the other hand, says that 意外にも is a little stronger. \n意外に: 非常に異なっている \n意外にも: 大きく異なっている \n[https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/意外にも](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T15:17:55.190",
"id": "61717",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T15:17:55.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
61712
|
61713
|
61713
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61719",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga called Samurai Drive, Makio and Ren are best friends. They always\nfight together and Ren often protects Makio. Now Ren has just died during a\nbattle, so Makio says:\n\n> なあ恋【れん】 俺はお前に幾度となく助けられたけど その度いつも [その場所]{・・・・}あけて 待っててくれたろ だから 俺にも\n> 最後まで俺の場所守らせてくれよ\n\nWhat is the meaning of その場所あけて in this context? In the dictionary I found that\n場所をあける means \"to make room, clear space\", but I don't understand how it could\nfit the context. Since it is emphasized by dots, does it mean it has to be\ninterpreted in a metaphorical way? [Here you can see the whole\npage](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ALYJA.jpg). Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T15:34:20.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61718",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T16:03:02.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Meaning of 場所あけて in the following sentence",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "The biggest hint is in the picture. その場所 is clearly illustrated in the same\nframe.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PDXPA.png)\n\nThis circle next to Ren is not a meaningless visual effect :) So this その場所\nrefers to お前の隣, or the place next to Ren. Of course it indirectly refers to\nthe position as Ren's best friend, too, where Makio could feel comfortable and\nsecured. あけて is the te-form of 空ける meaning \"to make/keep (room)\".\n\nThis その場所 comes with dots simply because the author knew it's a tricky part\nthat needs special attention to interpret. Even a native speaker takes a few\nseconds to notice that その場所 refers to this position, and this small trick\nmakes this frame dramatic.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T15:49:45.897",
"id": "61719",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T16:03:02.013",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-24T16:03:02.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61718
|
61719
|
61719
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61722",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What are the meanings of ガス in Japanese?\n\nI'm asking because in English it can be used for either \"a substance in a form\nlike air that is neither solid nor liquid\" or, for gasoline, the liquid fuel.\nIn Spanish we dont use \"gas\" for gasoline, we call it several other names\ndepending the country (\"nafta\", \"bencina\", etc.). Also, the main use of the\nword \"gas\" here in my country is to refer to the specific gas for cooking,\nbutane.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T18:24:12.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61720",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:31:37.837",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-24T22:59:10.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "327",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Does ガス also mean gasoline in Japanese?",
"view_count": 3917
}
|
[
{
"body": "ガス actually does means also \"gas\" and \"gasoline\" in Japanese, and has more\nmeanings.\n\nThe word ガス usually written using kana alone, but it has the\n[Ateji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji) 瓦斯{ガス} which [is\nrare](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF#Japanese).\n\n**Some** definitions from [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), a Japanese dictionary:\n\n> 1. gas ( **state of matter** , e.g. poison gas, natural gas) Usually\n> written using kana alone, From Dutch; Flemish , From English\n> 2. **gasoline** ; gas; petrol ...\n>\n\nYou can the see full description of ガス\n[here](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T18:56:58.967",
"id": "61721",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T19:20:19.557",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-24T19:20:19.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "31354",
"owner_user_id": "31354",
"parent_id": "61720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "While it does appear in the Japanese dictionaries with the meaning of\n\"gasoline\", I would say it is not common to use it like in English, except for\na few special cases like ガス欠｛けつ｝(being out of fuel) and ガス代｛だい｝ (gas bill*;\ncan be used for both things such as propane gas and for other types of fuel,\nlike gasoline, diesel, etc).\n\nIn general I would say that people use the words ガソリン or 油｛あぶら｝. The latter\nword simply means oil, but from context one understands what type of oil is\nmeant, that is, any type of petroleum 石油｛せきゆ} (refined from crude oil\n原油｛げんゆ｝), such as gasoline, diesel etc.\n\nDiesel is referred to as 軽油｛けいゆ｝ or ディーゼル. ディーゼル is used more when talking\nabout the type of car or engine, whereas 軽油 is used more when referring to the\nactual fuel, however at e.g. gas station you will see a mix of both.\n\nA gas station is referred to as ガソリン スタンド, and can be shortened in a few\ndifferent ways, the most common being ガソスタ (63 %), スタンド (~<19 %) or ガススタ (18\n%) ( <https://autoc-one.jp/news/5001816/> )\n\n*In Japan it is common to subscribe to a refueling service with your local gas station, meaning that they fill up your cars regularly either by coming to your home/work and then send out a bill every month.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T18:59:16.767",
"id": "61722",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T18:59:16.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "61720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, ガス may also mean \"gasoline\". \nIt may also mean \"fart\"...\n\n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/瓦斯/#je-12168](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF/#je-12168) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/40935/meaning/m1u/瓦斯/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/40935/meaning/m1u/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:31:37.837",
"id": "61740",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:31:37.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61720
|
61722
|
61722
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61724",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> いきなり眠ってしまって焦ったが、大丈夫なようだな。\n\nIn this sentence it looks like 焦る probably should be auxiliary verb, since its\nimpossible to do something after one fell asleep. But EDICT doesn't have any\nsuch entries. So, is this some expression/unusual usage or what?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T21:14:44.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61723",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:26:12.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 焦る in this sentence",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 焦る is not a subsidiary verb but is a simple intransitive verb meaning\nsomething like \"to lose one's cool\", \"to be flustered\". Rather than describing\na simple sequence of actions, this te-form is denoting a reason for the\nfollowing verb. See: [te-form (て-form) for Cause or Reason](https://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-reason.html)\n\nSo いきなり眠ってしまって焦った means either \"I was flustered because someone (else)\nsuddenly fell asleep\" or \"I was flustered because I noticed I had fallen\nasleep.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T21:44:18.053",
"id": "61724",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T21:44:18.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61723",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, 焦る may also mean \"to panic over something\nunexpected\"\n\n不意のことで動揺し、あわてる意の俗語 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4384/meaning/m1u/焦る/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4384/meaning/m1u/%E7%84%A6%E3%82%8B/) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/焦る/#je-1040](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%84%A6%E3%82%8B/#je-1040)\n\nSo the person fell asleep then woke up and panicked, probably thinking it was\ntoo late.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:26:12.170",
"id": "61737",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:26:12.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61723",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61723
|
61724
|
61724
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61726",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ［動ラ下一］［文］やとひい・る［ラ下二］ **新たに**\n> 雇う。「新卒者を―・れる」([source](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/222247/meaning/m0u/%E9%9B%87%E3%81%84%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/))\n\nI don't understand what the 新たに is doing here...? I've read example sentences\nwith 雇う and 雇い入れる and I can't perceive the difference...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T21:53:33.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61725",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:20:09.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "I don't understand how 雇い入れる is different from 雇う",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "雇い入れる means to newly take someone into employment. 雇う can mean the same thing,\nbut it also means to have/keep someone as an employee.\n\n> * 彼を10年間雇い続けた。: OK\n> * 彼を10年間雇い入れ続けた。: NG\n> * 彼女を雇い入れるのをやめた。: (i.e., she could not enter this company)\n> * 彼女を雇うのをやめた。: (also means she was fired)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T23:09:32.893",
"id": "61726",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T23:09:32.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61725",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "According the dictionary あらた【新た】 means \"again\", \"once more\": \n改めて行う \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/新た/#je-1881](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%96%B0%E3%81%9F/#je-1881)\n\nSo 新たに雇う means \"to hire again\", \"to hire more people\".\n\n雇う simply means \"to hire\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:20:09.950",
"id": "61736",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:20:09.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61725",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
61725
|
61726
|
61726
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is it \"初めてのカヌー” or is that saying something like \"It was my first canoe\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T23:19:41.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61727",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T20:09:37.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"It was my first time canoeing\"",
"view_count": 2199
}
|
[
{
"body": "To express doing something for the first time, use the following conjunction:\n\n> 〜初めて + action verb\n\nThus, for your desired sentence, `It was my first time canoeing.` would be\nexpressed as\n\n> カヌーを初めてしました。\n\nReferences: [1](https://www.italki.com/question/226972),\n[2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35912/what-is-the-difference-\nbetween-v%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B-and-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6v-meaning)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T05:23:07.823",
"id": "61728",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T12:39:10.660",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T12:39:10.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "61727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You can say 初めてのカヌーです for “This is my first time canoeing,” as well as, more\ncolloquially, カヌー、初めてです。\n\nThis is an addition to the other answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T12:21:53.613",
"id": "61733",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T12:21:53.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9306",
"parent_id": "61727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "\"初めてのカヌー体験です\" is probably what I'd say to emphasize the experience of canoeing\ninstead of the canoe itself. 経験 instead of 体験 would probably be alright as\nwell.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:52:28.867",
"id": "61745",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:52:28.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "61727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61727
| null |
61745
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61732",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Take for example the following,\n\n`よさそう`\n\nwhich means `(it) looks good`.\n\n**Is it possible for one to attach a`〜そう` phrase to the start of a noun?**\n\nTaking `a good apple` as an example sentence, are any of the following\ncorrect?\n\nよさ **そうな** りんご\n\nよさ **そうの** りんご\n\nよさ **そう** りんご",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T05:47:46.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61729",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-26T19:35:50.000",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T23:19:30.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to attach 〜そう to the start of a noun?",
"view_count": 398
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 良{よ}さそう **な** りんご\n\nShould be the correct answer. Sō da is an auxiliary na-adjective, and when\nused to describe a noun, the prenominal form sōna should be used.\n\nOther option is to use, for example when talking about a plate of apples:\n\n> どのりんごを食｛た｝べたの。 (Which apple you ate?)\n>\n> 良｛よ｝さそう **なの** を食｛た｝べた。 (I've ate the looking good one [apple])\n\nWhen using the particle の, the whole pharse before it acts like a noun:\n良｛よ｝さそうなの (The looking good one) . So it can be used with を食｛た｝べた.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T10:10:57.730",
"id": "61732",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-26T07:21:08.127",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31354",
"parent_id": "61729",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The correct way is よさそうなりんご.\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 410 to 412: \n\n> そうだ: an auxiliary adjective which indicates that what is expressed by the\n> preceding sentence is the speaker's conjecture concerning an event in the\n> future or the present state of someone or something, based on what the\n> speaker sees or feels.\n>\n> [ . . . ]\n>\n> そうだ is a _na_ -type adjective. The prenominal form is そうな.\n\nExamples paraphrased from the book:\n\n> 高そうな車 \n> A car which looks expensive.\n>\n> 雨が降りそうな空。 \n> a sky which looks like it is going to rain",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:12:33.743",
"id": "61735",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-26T19:35:50.000",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61729",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61729
|
61732
|
61732
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61731",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\n\n> 借金が雪だるま式に増えてってるって噂だよ\n\nMy best guess is that the first って is a contracted from of いる. Whatever it is\nthat we're addressing seems to be suffering from a financial crisis. Then why\nnot put it like 「増えているって噂だよ」, rather than what it is?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T07:07:53.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61730",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T10:32:09.937",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T07:51:25.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "31370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "I'm wrestling with the first って in 借金が雪だるま式に増えてってるって噂だよ",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 増えてってる is a contraction of 増えて **い** ってる (or 増えて **い** って **い** る).\n\nHere いって(い)る is the progressive of the [subsidiary verb\nいく](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43482/1628). (This verb derives from\n行く, but being a subsidiary verb is usually written in _kana_.)\n\nAttaching to a main verb (here 増える) it characterizes the action described by\nthis verb as ongoing or as getting stronger.\n\n> 借金が雪だるま式に増えてってるって噂だよ\n>\n> people say that debt keeps on multiplying like a snowball effect, but that's\n> not true\n\n* * *\n\nFor more general information about subsidiary verbs see [What is a subsidiary\nverb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/1628)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T07:49:46.773",
"id": "61731",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T10:32:09.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "61730",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61730
|
61731
|
61731
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for example situations of when to use each level of politeness. I\nknow they all are the same but when situational wise to use each one is where\nI am having confusion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T17:23:56.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61754",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-04T02:04:40.330",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-05T01:55:23.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Examples of when to use ではありません、ではない、じゃありません、 じゃない",
"view_count": 463
}
|
[
{
"body": "In terms of situational usage, it partially depends on how one wishes to\npresent themselves.\n\nThat said, the way I've used these forms is as follows:\n\n> ではありません\n\n * Formal writing, such as a report or documentation\n\n> ではない\n\n * Formal writings in combination with `ので` when giving an explanation.\n * Formal writings with longer sentences in place of `ではありません` (both between phrases and at the end of the compound sentence).\n\n> じゃありません\n\n * Formal conversation, such as during an interview. \n\n> じゃない\n\n * Casual conversation with friends and / or casual writing such as text messages",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-27T05:46:59.853",
"id": "61793",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-28T03:33:45.217",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-28T03:33:45.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "61754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61754
| null |
61793
|
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