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"body": "In Spanish there is something called circumstantials which indicate time,\nplace, means, cause, etc where an action is done. For example, in English a\ncircumstancial of time could be translated as \"in the summer\".\n\nNow I know Japanese is a language completely different to Spanish so calling a\nconstruction which indicates the time when an action is done a\n\"circumstancial\" is wrong, since a spanish circumstancial probably have other\ngrammatical consequences than a japanese construction which indicates time,\nplace, means, etc., that's why I used the \"\" to refere to the same in\njapanese.\n\nAnyway, the point of my question is to know **if there is any rule to know\nwhen constructions which indicates the time an action is done are the \"topic\"\n(marked with は) of the sentence**.\n\nFor example, in this sentence 春休み明けは皆ちょっと大人に見える the construction which\nindicates time 春休み明け is the topic of the sentence.\n\n**In which situations are constructions which indicates time the topic of the\nsentence?**",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T13:35:57.497",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Is there any rule to indicate when \"circumstantials\" of time can be the topic (marked with は) of the sentence?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "I know nothing about Spanish, but in English, topic-like words can be pulled\nat the beginning of the sentence (e.g., \"In summer, ...\", \"In 2015, ...\", \"At\nour company, ...\"). If you think your sentence can naturally begin with such\nan expression, it usually indicates it's a good candidate of には, では, etc. Of\ncourse this is not a rule but a tendency.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T17:49:41.550",
"id": "62664",
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{
"body": "I'm taking my comment in stride to answer this in a way that might be the most\nbeneficial to you and Spanish-speaking Japanese learners everywhere.\n\nA \"circumstance complement\" (lit. from Spanish \"complemento circunstancial,\"\nit is in quotes because the concept does not exist in English), is a concept\nin the Spanish language that can describe a circumstance under which an action\noccurs. Because Spanish most naturally expresses these at the end of a\nsentence, normally a complete statement can be had without one, and if a\nquestion can lead to the inclusion of one, normally this can be called a\n\"circumstance complement.\"\n\nAn example of one of these is the following:\n\n> Iré al supermercado. \n> I will go to the supermarket. \n> 僕はスーパーに行きます。\n\nA \"circumstance complement of time\" would then be identified by the leading\nquestion \"When?\" The answer to this leading question then forms the\n\"complement\", as such:\n\n> Iré al supermercado **mañana**. \n> I will go to the supermarket **tomorrow**. \n> **明日** 僕はスーパーに行きます。\n\nHowever, because Japanese doesn't work in this fashion, it is a bit of a red\nherring to pursue the question \"When is a circumstance complement of time\ndefined as the topic that is marked with は\" because Japanese as a language has\nno such concept.\n\nThe \"simpler-than-expected\" solution is in the inverse observation: That time,\namong other things, can be a topic. Japanese expresses what phrase in a\nsentence is the topic by using the particle は. When time is not expressed with\nthe particle は, it is not the topic, and has another function in the sentence.\nSometimes direct time is expressed without a particle, and a span of time can\nbe expressed with the particle に.\n\nIn the case of the example you've posed, here's a loose translation as it\nrelates to Spanish, with breakdowns:\n\n> 春休み明けは皆ちょっと大人に見える \n> (topic: **春休み明け** )は皆ちょっと(direction: 大人に(verb: 見える))\n>\n> _Just after Spring vacation_ is when everyone looks a little more like an\n> adult.\n>\n> _Justo después de las vacaciones de primavera_ es cuando todos aparecen un\n> poco más como adultos.\n\nTherefore, I think you'd do best to focus on the Japanese in the terms of the\nJapanese language, and not in the terms of the Spanish language, because they\nwork very differently.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T19:37:18.800",
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62664
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62591",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In trying to understand the word やら, I have seen various example sentences\nwhere it is used the same way you might use か.\n\n> 彼は何と言ってよいのやらわからなかった。\n>\n> いつの間にやら日が暮れていた。\n>\n> 彼が何やら言っているがよく聞こえない。\n>\n> 彼は来るのやら来ないのやらはっきりしない。\n\nI feel like in all the above sentences, if やら was replaced with か, the meaning\nwould be about the same, if perhaps a touch less casual. So would it be a\ncorrect interpretation that やら is often used as a casual substitute for か?\n\nNote that I wouldn't apply this rule to the other forms of やら (e.g. とやら,\n〜やら〜やら, or 〜やら -- I wonder).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T15:57:46.367",
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"owner_user_id": "14531",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can やら be considered a casual substitute for か?",
"view_count": 325
}
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[
{
"body": "やら is definitely very similar in meaning to か, but, as you might expect from a\nparticle that's not etymologically related and thus developed separately,\nthere are distinctions in nuance and usage that make it hard to call them\nperfectly equivalent.\n\nThe main semantic difference between the two is that やら provides a certain\ndeliberate emphasis on the speaker's uncertainty about whatever it's attached\nto, whereas か is neutral and objective. You can think of it as something like\nan implied 分からない included in the particle. The most obvious implication of\nthis is that やら can never be used to state an actual question in the way that\nか can. 何をしているのか can be a direct question \"what are you doing?\", but 何をしているのやら\ncan only be a rhetorical one - you can almost hear an unstated さっぱり分からないね\nfollowing it.\n\nIn situations where か would not form a direct question, the implications of\nthis emphasis on uncertainty are more subtle and can vary somewhat. In many\ncases the choice of やら implies dismissiveness, ie. that you're leaving a\nquestion open because the answer is _unimportant_. For example, while\n彼は何か(を)書いている is a very neutral statement that \"he is writing something\",\n彼は何やら書いている sounds more like \"he's writing something-or-other\" - there's a\ndistinct implication that the speaker doesn't care what he's actually writing,\nor can't be bothered to find out.\n\nIn other cases, the implication can be more straightforward unfamiliarity. For\ninstance, in fairly common expressions along the lines of 何やら面白いことになっている, the\nchoice of やら certainly isn't dismissive per se; if anything it indicates\ncuriosity, the idea that the speaker can't imagine _what_ is going on but it\ncertainly seems interesting. If it were 何か面白いことになっている the sense of uncertainty\nwould be weaker and less personal, so this form doesn't see as much usage.\n\nOutside of this added subjective nuance, though, I would say that やら and か are\nvery close in meaning. Even the \"other forms\" you listed could be reasonably\nsubstituted with か in one way or another. Something like 田中とやら \"Tanaka or\nwhatever his name is\" is roughly the same in meaning as 田中とかいうヤツ - the latter\ncan similarly be abbreviated to 田中とか, but the dismissive nuance of the phrase\nis better suited to やら, so it's that form that has fossilised more\nrecognisably as a set expression. ～やら～やら as a way of listing things is\nessentially equivalent to ～とか～とか, with the choice of やら providing only an\nadded sense of not caring much about the particulars. And ～やら \"I wonder\" is,\nas I touched on above, simply the result of substituting やら for か in an actual\nquestion, thus making it strictly rhetorical.",
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62591
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"body": "Is 社会 【しゃかい】 interchangeable with 世間 【せけん】? \n \nfrom Jim Breen: \n\n> 社会 【しゃかい】 society; public; community; the world \n> 世間 【せけん】 world; society; people; the public \n>\n\nHere is an example sentence from Jim Breen: \n\n> 紛争のない人間社会はありえない。 \n> There can be no human society without conflict. \n>\n\nHere is the quote from Osamu Dazai's _No Longer Human_ that made me wonder: \n\n> 「世間というのは、君じゃないか」 \n> ‘It’s not society. It’s you, isn’t it?’ \n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T16:00:05.127",
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"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "社会 【しゃかい】 and 世間 【せけん】 -- what is the difference?",
"view_count": 306
}
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[
{
"body": "It's a bit of a subtle distinction, but I'd say the difference between the two\nis largely one of scale.\n\n社会 is the closer of the two in meaning to the English word \"society\", most\ncommonly referring to a community on the macro level, as a large complex unit.\nIt feels more objective or scientific than 世間, so you're much more likely to\nsee it in technical terms like 社会学 \"sociology\" and so forth.\n\n世間, on the other hand, refers to \"society\" on a more personal level, as the\nweb of interactions between yourself and all the people around you. It calls\nto mind the judging gazes of strangers who see your behaviour in public, but\nalso your own extended network of friends, family, colleagues and\nacquaintances.",
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T17:36:14.270",
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"body": "I have a question about grammar and usage. Please help.\n\n> たち食いそば屋は、座らないで「？」そばを食べる店です。\n\nThe question is what grammar form should be inserted there. My book answer is\n立って not 立ちながら.\n\nBut what is wrong with the latter?\n\nP.S. \nI'm not sure whether this is a relevant info but the question is from an N1\nJlpt test. Does that mean that ながら, which is enlisted in N5 level, is not the\nappropriate answer?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T17:29:44.530",
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"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"て-form",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "立ってそばを食べる vs 立ちながらそばを食べる",
"view_count": 433
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"body": "In general, ながら tends to be used when you are doing two different things with\ntwo different purposes, whereas the te-form tends to be used when the first\nverb describes how the second verb is achieved, like an adverb.\n\n> * 歩いて学校に行く: OK\n> * 歩きながら学校に行く: NG\n> * 音楽を聞きながら学校に行く: OK\n> * 歩きながら相談しましょう: OK\n> * 歩いて相談しましょう: NG\n>\n\nIn your case, 立って is clearly the more natural choice because 立つ is not a main\npurpose. But 健康のために立ちながら仕事をする is fine because 立つ has a distinct purpose\nunrelated to 仕事をする. Admittedly, the borderline is blurry and someone may say\n立ちながら食べる is not entirely wrong. It may be best to memorize 立って as a fixed\nadverb-like expression. There are several verbs whose te-form is used almost\nlike an adverb, for example 重ねて, 謹んで, 却って and 喜んで.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [How can verb て become an adverb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34647/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T23:43:59.280",
"id": "62604",
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"body": "I'm having problem figuring out the idea or meaning of a sentence while\nreading manga.\n\nThe context is that a character **A** told someone (character **B** ) a big\nlie, and influenced by that lie, **B** started to act in favor of character\n**A** , without even realizing it. The liar states now that character **B** is\nunder his \"spell\" (魔法). There's no magic involved, just an expression.\n\nAfter that, character **A** says:\n\n> 呪縛{じゅばく}から解放{かいほう}されるウソという名{な}の魔法{まほう}\n\nI'm able to understand each word individually but not as a whole phrase. What\nis the main idea of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T18:44:30.460",
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"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "How to make sense of 呪縛から解放されるウソという名の魔法",
"view_count": 118
}
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[
{
"body": "> 呪縛から解放されるウソという名の魔法 \n> (It's) A magic called 'Lie', which unleashes you from the curse.\n\n * 呪縛から解放される: \"with which one is unleashed from the bond/curse\". This is an adverbial-head relative clause that modifies ウソという名の魔法. 呪縛 is something that binds you psychologically. \n * [How is the subject of this subclause made clear?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54666/5010)\n * ウソという名の: \"of the name _lie_ \"\n * 魔法: \"magic\". The sentence is a 体言止め sentence. \n * [what exactly is \"体言止{たいげんど}め\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T22:14:58.200",
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62598
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62598
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62603",
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"body": "What does ま mean in this sentence?\n\n> いつのまに[降]{ふ}り[止]{や}んだ\n\nBonus question: What is the function of の in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T20:48:42.233",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "The Word ま By Itself",
"view_count": 156
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[
{
"body": "ま in this case is 間 meaning 'duration' or 'while' or 'interval'. You've\nprobably heard it before and just don't realise it. Example,\n間もなく（まもなく）電車が到着します.\n\nRegarding いつの間に, think of it as 'at some point in time', or 'at some moment or\nanother'. So your sentence means 'at some point (when exactly we're unsure) it\nstopped raining'.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T21:53:30.367",
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"body": "いつの[間]{ま}に is a set phrase meaning literally \"during what time\", generally\nquestioning the timeframe during which something happened.\n\n> いつのまに降り止んだ\n\nThe speaker is expressing surprise at the rain having stopped while they were\nunaware of it. _\"[During what time/when] did it stop raining?!\"_\nAlternatively, if it's narration, it could also say _\"Before [we] knew it, it\nhad stopped raining.\"_\n\nThe phrase can also be used differently:\n\n> A: Did you do [XYZ]? \n> B: いつの[間]{ま}に！？\n\nHere the speaker is exclaiming exasperation at not having had time to do\n[XYZ]. _\"When exactly did you expect me to do this?!\"_ or _\"You should be\naware that I could not possibly have had time to do this.\"_",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T23:35:20.683",
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62603
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"body": "I came across this phrase:\n\n> いつのまに降り止んだ \n> 雨上がり煌めき出す街\n\nAnd I don't understand the grammar behind the word 降り止んだ.\n\nI've seen two translations for it: \"Without anyone noticing, the rain let up.\nWith the rain having stopped, the town sparkles.\" and \"In the meantime, the\nrain stopped falling and the town started to sparkle\".\n\nI'm not sure which is more accurate, though they are quite similar.\n\nMy question is this: Regarding 降り止んだ, what is the grammar behind its current\nconjugation and the ending, \"やんだ\". Also I've seen it written in romaji as both\n\"oriyanda\" and \"furiyanda\". Which is correct?\n\nありがとう",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T22:27:36.453",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Meaning of A Sentence Using 降り止んだ",
"view_count": 148
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[
{
"body": "Simply, [降り止む]{ふりやむ} is an established compound verb, and you have to memorize\nit as one word.\n\n> ###\n> [ふり‐や・む【降り▽止む】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195800/meaning/m2u/%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%80/)\n>\n> ［動マ五（四）］降っていた雨や雪などがやむ。「雪が―・まない」\n\n> ### [降り止む](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%99%8D%E3%82%8A%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%80)\n>\n> Godan verb with mu ending, intransitive verb\n>\n> 1. to stop raining or snowing\n>\n\nAccording to [Compound Verb Lexicon](https://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/db/),\nthere are five similar verbs ending with 止む:\n\n * 泣き止む (e.g., 赤ちゃんが泣き止む)\n * 鳴り止む (e.g., 雷が鳴り止む)\n * 鳴き止む (e.g., 小鳥が鳴き止む)\n * 降り止む (e.g., 雨が降り止む, 雪が降り止む)\n * 吹き止む (e.g., 風が吹き止む)\n\nAlthough 鳴き止む may be uncommon, the other four are worth memorizing.",
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"body": "> 彼はストレスに弱い **傾向にある** 。 He tends to be weak against stress.\n>\n> 彼は他人をばかにする **傾向がある** 。He is apt to ridicule others.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-02T22:31:41.947",
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"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 傾向がある and 傾向にある?",
"view_count": 299
}
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[
{
"body": "Strictly speaking, the former one \"ストレスに弱い傾向にある\" is wrong. It should be\n\"ストレスに弱い傾向がある\". But in this case, when you make a daily conversation, it's not\nstrange to use \"傾向にある\", so you don't have to be worried.\n\n\"傾向にある\" is kind of \"changing right now\", for example\n\n> 最近、その国での犯罪率は増加の傾向にある (Lately, the number of crimes in the country is\n> increasing)\n\nIn this case, \"傾向にある\" is right because the number of crimes is \"still\"\nincreasing. And you can NOT use \"傾向がある\". But of course, if this is a daily\nconversation, it is no problem to use \"傾向がある\" (although it sounds strange a\nlittle bit).\n\n\"傾向がある\" is \"not changing right now\", for example\n\n> 彼は他人をばかにする傾向がある。(He is apt to ridicule others.)\n\nIn this case, \"He\" is not changing to ridicule others right now, but he has\nbeen apt to ridicule since sometime and still he is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T01:02:21.113",
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"score": 7
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62600
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62609
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62609
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62610",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[現代訳](http://p.booklog.jp/book/26987/read)を頼りに、泉鏡花さんの[「外科室」](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000050/files/360_19397.html)を読もうとしているところですが、分からない箇所があります。\n\n原文の\n\n> 看護婦は医学士の旨を領してのち、かの腰元に立ち向かいて、 \n> 「もう、なんですから、あのことを、ちょっと、あなたから」 \n> 腰元はその意を得て、手術台に擦り寄りつ、優に膝のあたりまで両手を下げて、しとやかに立礼し、 \n> **「夫人、ただいま、お薬を差し上げます。どうぞそれを、 _お聞きあそばして_ 、いろはでも、数字でも、お算えあそばしますように」** \n> 伯爵夫人は答なし。\n\nは現代訳ではこうなる。\n\n> 看護婦は医学士の指示を承知した後、あの侍女に向かって、 \n> 「もう、時間ですから、あのことを、ちょっと、あなたから申し上げてください」 \n> 侍女はその言葉の意味を理解して、手術台に擦り寄り、膝のあたりまで両手を下げて、しとやかに深く立礼し、 \n> **「奥様、ただいま、お薬を差し上げます。どうぞそれを、 _お吸いなさいまして_ 、いろはでも、数字でも、お数えなさいますように」** \n> 伯爵夫人の答えはない。\n\n* * *\n\n「お聞きあそばして」を見た時に、「お聞きなさいまして」と解釈したが、現代訳によると、「お聞きなさいまして」ではなく、「お吸いなさいまして」という意味だそうです。理由は何ですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T23:54:29.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62606",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T00:48:40.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "どうして「お聞き遊ばして」が現代語訳では「お吸いなさいまして」になるのか分からない",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "明鏡国語辞典によりますと、「聞く」の意味として、\n\n> きく \n> ⑤[聞]においをかぐ。また、においのよしあしなどを感じとる。「[香]{こう}を聞く」 \n> ⑥[聞]酒の良しあしなどを舌で感じとる。「酒を聞く」 \n> 表記 ⑥は「利く」とも。\n\nとあります。どんなお薬なのか（飲み薬ではない？）、先を読めばわかるかもしれませんが、この場合、５の意味として解釈されているのだと思います。少し古いような、硬い感じの表現なので、現代語訳では「吸う」にされているのだと思います。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T01:05:20.207",
"id": "62610",
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"score": 3
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62606
|
62610
|
62610
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62608",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading\n[外科室](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000050/files/360_19397.html). At some\npoint, there is this sentence:\n\n> さてはいかなる医学士も、[驚破]{すわ}という場合に望みては、さすがに懸念のなからんやと、予は同情を表したりき。\n\n[驚破]{すわ}という場合 is a reference to an earlier passage,\n\n>\n> 手術台なる伯爵夫人は、純潔なる白衣を絡いて、死骸のごとく横たわれる、顔の色あくまで白く、鼻高く、頤細りて手足は綾羅にだも堪えざるべし。脣の色少しく褪せたるに、玉のごとき前歯かすかに見え、眼は固く閉ざしたるが、眉は思いなしか顰みて見られつ。わずかに束ねたる頭髪は、ふさふさと枕に乱れて、台の上にこぼれたり。\n\nClearly it is about the surprise of the doctor who will have to deal with such\na patient. However, I can't see how to translate 驚破という場合に望みては with something\ndifferent than _when dealing with such a case_ , hiding the difficulty in\n_such_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T00:09:19.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62607",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T02:03:06.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese",
"interjections"
],
"title": "How should I translate \"驚破という場合に望みては\"?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "The doctor is not surprised. すわ in this context is an old interjection used\nlike いざ, さあ, そら, etc. (I didn't know it has the kanji 驚破. Looks like it's an\nateji, and [泉鏡花 liked\nit](https://furigana.info/w/%E9%A9%9A%E7%A0%B4:%E3%81%99%E3%82%8F).) See the\nsecond definition from 大辞林 第三版:\n\n> ### すわ\n>\n> （ 感 ） \n> ① 突然の出来事などに驚いて発する語。 「 －一大事」 \n> ② 他人の注意を喚起する語。 「 －見給へとて、古狸をなげ出いだしたりけり／著聞 17」\n\nThis 望む means \"to face (a situation)\", and is usually written as 臨む now.\n\nSo, 驚破という場合に望みては means いざという場合に臨んでは or さあ(これから手術本番だ)という場面に直面したら in modern\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T00:38:09.240",
"id": "62608",
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"score": 3
}
] |
62607
|
62608
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62608
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62612",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was listening to the song 一本の鉛筆 performed by 美空ひばり When I looked into the\nlyrics, I was confused by two things.\n\n> 一本の鉛筆が あれば \n> 戦争はいやだと 私は書く\n\nWhat's the meaning of the particle と after 戦争はいやだ in this case?\n\n> 一枚のザラ紙が あれば \n> 私は子供が 欲しいと書く \n> 一枚のザラ紙が あれば \n> あなたをかえしてと 私は書く\n\nIn this case, what`s the difference in the meaning after adding 私は書く in the\nlast sentence, instead of just writing あなたをかえしてと書く ?\n\nThank you very much",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T05:32:01.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62611",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-03T16:39:48.147",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T09:51:43.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "26581",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of the particle と in this case",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case と is the quotative particle. It indicates what the person will\nwrite.\n\n> 一本の鉛筆が あれば 戦争はいやだ **と** 私は書く \n> If I had a pencil I would write **that** war is horrible.\n\nCompare this with 手紙を書く. This means \"I will write a letter\", but と would be\nused to mark what you actually write **in** the letter. This と particle is\nused with verbs such as 言う, 思う etc. to mark what people say, think etc.\n\nAs for why 私は is added in the line you mention, I have no idea. Maybe it makes\nthe lyrics fit the tune better. It doesn't do any harm.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T09:53:18.017",
"id": "62612",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "62611",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It means **that**. I would write **that** the war is horrible.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T16:39:48.147",
"id": "62618",
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"owner_user_id": "31134",
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"score": 0
}
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62611
|
62612
|
62612
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62615",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently learning about っぱなし. My grammar book (Dictionary of Intermediate\nJapanese Grammar) says that when the verb is intransitive it means 'keep\ndoing' but when the verb is transitive it means 'leave in a certain state'. It\ngives the example:\n\n> 友達にまだお金を借りっぱなしだ。 \n> I borrowed money from a friend and still haven't paid it back.\n\nIf I hadn't read the bit about transitive/intransitive I would have translated\nthat as \"I still keep borrowing money\" e.g. every month I have to borrow\nmoney.\n\nHow would I express that idea of: keep doing a transitive action? e.g. I keep\neating cake from the fridge.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T10:31:18.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62613",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-03T14:44:34.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Keep doing an action using っぱなし",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that you are looking for\n[し続ける](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%97%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B):\n\n> * ちょこちょこ（冷蔵庫の）ケーキを食べ続けます \n> I keep eating cake from the fridge.\n>\n> * 彼は上手くなり続けるようです \n> It seems that he keeps improving.\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T12:12:49.173",
"id": "62615",
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"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "62613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62613
|
62615
|
62615
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{
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"body": "I've got a task in uni today to put either と or たら. And there's a sentence I\ncan't comprehend: 箸で食べて（みると、みたら）どうですか。 I don't quite understand which form I\nhave to use here, so it would be great if I could find some help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T10:43:02.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62614",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T11:58:33.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "31808",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Should I use と or たら in that case?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "食べてみるとどうですか 食べたあとの感想を聞きたいという感じ\n\n食べてみたらどうですか 食べるのを試しませんかという感じ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T16:04:34.107",
"id": "62659",
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"owner_user_id": "31839",
"parent_id": "62614",
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"score": 2
}
] |
62614
| null |
62659
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62617",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If 食べれる means \"can eat\", 食べれます means the same but polite, and 食べれません means\n\"can not eat\" but in its polite form, how do I say \"can not eat\" in the\nnonpolite form?\n\nAnother little question: how can I say \"can be\". For example, \"I can be that\nperson\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T13:26:09.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T20:42:15.123",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-11T18:22:01.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "31134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Two questions about \"can\"",
"view_count": 372
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, it should be 食べられる rather than 食べれる, although the latter form is\nused. See [this\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36120/whats-is-the-\ndifference-between-these-two-forms).\n\nOnce you have conjugated a verb into the potential form it behaves just like\nany other iru-eru/group 1 (whatever you want to call it) verb.\n\nAs you probably already know, to make a group 1 verb negative you just remove\nる and replace it with ない. So we get 食べられない.\n\nFurthermore, ない just behaves like an i-adjective so you can get the past tense\nexactly as you would expect: 食べられなかった. Conjugation in Japanese is really\nlogical :-)\n\nI'm not a native speaker, but I can't think of any way to turn 'to be' into\npotential form. My guess is that this isn't a natural thing to do. If had to\nsay \"I can be that person\" I think would use なる (become) and say: あの人になれます。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T14:15:38.777",
"id": "62617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-03T14:23:02.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T14:23:02.040",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "62616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "The verb for “to be”, when applied to people, is `いる`. Potential form of it is\n`いられる`, so in theory you could say something like `[私は]あの人でいられる`, though it\nwould be a really awkward phrase and I doubt it would get your meaning across.\nIt’s better to use `なれる`(can become), as mentioned by others. I think the only\ncommon usage of `いられる` I’ve seen is for wishes, e.g.\n\n> 今年も健康でいられますように\n>\n> [I wish that you] stay(=can be) in good health this year as well\n>\n> 元気でいられますように\n>\n> [I hope that you] stay cheerful",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T20:42:15.123",
"id": "62794",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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}
] |
62616
|
62617
|
62617
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From my JLPT N1 grammar text, explaining special uses of the ている form, in\ndescribing 事実に反すること; the text explains that ている marks the sentence more\nemphatically as non-reality, than the use of 過去形. However, it's not clear to\nme whether the final verb needs to match the ている form or not. It does agree in\nboth their examples, one of which is:\n\n> こんなに大変な仕事だとわかっていたら、 **断っていた** だろう。\n\nWould\n\n> こんなに大変な仕事だとわかっていたら、 **断った** だろう。\n\nbe grammatical? If so a different nuance? Or is it ungrammatical?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T20:31:37.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62620",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-11T18:03:10.630",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-27T23:38:37.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31276",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Does the use of ていたら in the first clause require it in the second?",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, こんなに大変な仕事だとわかっていたら、断っただろう。 is a natural sentence. And, 断っていた/断った\ndo not make much difference, in this particular case at least.\n\nThat said, more microscopic analysis would show us some difference in nuance.\n断った is focusing on the action of 断る, while 断っていた targets more on to the\nconsequence of the action.\n\nIf the core interest of the speaker is more on the (non-real) action, he/she\nwould say 断っただろう, otherwise they use 断っていただろう.\n\nThat's like, if we have drawn a picture for each situation, 断っただろう would be a\npicture where someone is closing the door with a slap noise , while 断っていただろう\nwould be a picture of the door already closed.\n\nAs I'm not linguist I'm not sure, but possibly that's like what is called\n[完結相](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E7%B5%90%E7%9B%B8) or\n[perfective aspect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect) in\nlinguistics.\n\n\n\n**Edit:** The analytics above is based merely on my perception as a speaker,\nand is not on that authentic theory.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-27T15:25:30.937",
"id": "63075",
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}
] |
62620
| null |
63075
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62622",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 不条理な暴力によるプレッシャーに晒される\n\nafter some searching, I also found these sentences:\n\n> 絶え間ないプレッシャーにさらされる\n>\n> 来る日も来る日もプレッシャーにさらされる\n\nプレッシャーに晒す, as far as i can tell, you a transitive verb can't take noun+に\nwithout a indirect object.\n\nsuch as \"X を/は Y に V-transitive\" in general\n\nwhat is going on in these instances? What is the agent of the passive verb?\ncan pressure itself be the agent?\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-03T20:38:32.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62621",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-04T01:52:01.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-03T21:19:26.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Grammar of プレッシャーに晒される",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "> プレッシャーに晒す, as far as i can tell, you a transitive verb can't take noun+に\n> without a indirect object.\n\nIn プレッシャーにさらす, プレッシャー is the indirect object. The direct object is left out.\n\n［XX **を** ］プレッシャー **に** さらす -- active voice \n→［XX **が** ］プレッシャー **に** さらされる -- passive voice\n\n> What is the agent of the passive verb? can pressure itself be the agent?\n\nThe agent of the さらす is not mentioned, either.\n\n［YYが］［XX **を** ］プレッシャーにさらす -- active voice \n→［XX **が** ］［YYによって］プレッシャーにさらされる -- passive voice",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T01:24:45.213",
"id": "62622",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 2
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] |
62621
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62622
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62633",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "context is some bad guys talking to an arrogant rich girl that they kidnapped.\nIncluded extra context, not sure if needed.\n\n> girl 「調子に乗って……！ こんなの、今だけなんだからね……！\n> あんたたちみたいなウジ虫は、社会の落伍者は、ろくなこともしないで、みじめな最期を迎えるのよ！」\n>\n> bad guys 「ずいぶんだねえ、いくら僕らでも多少は傷つくんだよ？ っていうか、それじゃあ君はどんな立派なことをやる予定なんだい？」\n>\n> girl 「え……？ そ、それは……と、とにかく、すごいことよ！ 私、とにかくいっぱい稼いで、あんたたちなんかより上等で立派な大人になるんだから！」\n>\n> bad guys「どっかのダメ人間みたいなこと言ってるねえ。いつかビッグになってやる、なんてセリフ吐いてる時点で小物だよ」\n>\n> girl「うるさい！」\n>\n> **人生はバラ色、この先私みたいな美人に挫折も不幸も失敗もありはしないのだ。**\n>\n> **そう固く信じて疑わないほどには自信家で、それを許すくらいには、世界は私をちやほやしてくれていたのだ。……今日この時までは。**\n>\n> girl「ウジ虫！ **日本人に** 生まれて家はお金持ち、私はもう、あんたらなんかよりずっと有利なんだからね！」\n\n\" from now on, as a beautiful person like me with a rose coloured life,\n[挫折も不幸も失敗] is not a thing \"\n\nTo the extent of having \"that\" conviction without any doubt is a 自信家 (?), as\nlong as this 'extent\" is allowed, the world will fawn over me. .... that is\nuntil today\n\n 1. i'm unsure how to read XXほどにはYYで\n\n 2. The concept of [それを許すくらいには] is also lost on me here. Who is doing the 許す here and what is それ? (being a 自信家?)\n\n 3. how do ほどには and くらいには differ here?\n\nAnother little thing if possible, is 美人に and 日本人に in this excerpt used with\nthe [資格を表す。…として。] definition?\n\nthank you\n\nedit:\n\nafter some advice this is my new conclusion:\n\n\"(I am a) {自信家 to the extent that (I) believe [この先...]}, because the world,\n({それ}を許すくらいに - entire thing as adverb), fawned over me. \"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T03:43:20.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62623",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-04T17:01:07.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"particle-ほど",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "use of ほどには and くらいには in this sentence",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. You seem to understand this part reasonably well. The ほど indicates the level of そう固く信じて疑わない. Specifically, it's a very high level. The で in には自信家で is the continuative form of だ. The には is something like `in order to`. \n\nSo, this part says that\n\n> in order to believe so firmly without doubting, she is a 自信家.\n\n自信家, by the way, means someone who is very confident in themselves.\n\n 2. The それ refers to the previous clause. それを許す then means _to allow_ her to believe so firmly without doubting (such that she's at the level of a 自信家). \n\nWhat/who is allowing her to do so?\n\nThe answer is: 世界.\n\nAnd how did it allow her to do it? 私をちやほやしてくれていたのだ. You can tell this is the\nreason because of the ending のだ.\n\n 3. ほど here indicates a **high** level of self confidence. I think くらい here is mostly indicating a contrast with ほど. As in having self confidence can be a good thing, but being pampered is not really so great.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T05:21:50.470",
"id": "62627",
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
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{
"body": "1. 「XXほどに(は)YYだ」 means \"to be YY to the extent to do XX\", \"to be YY enough to do XX\".\n\n 2. The それ refers to 「そう（=人生はバラ色、この先私みたいな美人に挫折も不幸も失敗もありはしないのだ、と）固く信じて疑わない」こと.\n\nThe subject of the 許す is 世界. 世界 has allowed 私 to believe that\n人生はバラ色、この先私みたいな美人に挫折も不幸も失敗もありはしない.\n\n 3. ほどには and くらいには have the same meaning here.\n\n* * *\n\nThe 美人に connects to ありはしない.\n\n「私みたいな美人に挫折も不幸も失敗もありはしない」 \n\"For a 美人 like me, there won't be 挫折, 不幸, or 失敗.\" \"To a 美人 like me, 挫折, 不幸, 失敗\nwon't happen.\"\n\n日本人に生まれる means \"to be born as a Japanese\" (≂ 日本人として生まれる). I think the に\nindicates 結果.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T15:41:34.707",
"id": "62633",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 1
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] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私が部屋に入ったとき彼は水を飲んでいた。その顔の蒼さが、水を **飲まずにはいられなかった** ことを示していた。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T04:16:35.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62624",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-04T09:16:34.220",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-04T09:16:34.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \" 飲まずにはいられなかった\" mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "literally: not doing 飲む, cannot exist.\n\n<https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-zuniwa-\nirarenai/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T04:19:38.567",
"id": "62625",
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"owner_user_id": "22187",
"parent_id": "62624",
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62696",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a natural Japanese phrase for “your heart’s in the right place”?\n\nThis phrase is used in situations where you mean well but your actions come\nacross harsh or misguided.\n\nFor example, a strict parent may restrict their child from doing things like\nstaying out late at night, drinking, etc. While they are strict they do these\nthings because they love their child. In other words, their heart's in the\nright place.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T07:57:22.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62628",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T02:13:04.897",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-07T01:09:02.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "16252",
"owner_user_id": "16252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a natural Japanese phrase for “your heart’s in the right place”?",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "I want to echo Aeon Akechi's comment that your example usage of \"heart is in\nthe right place\" seems a little strange to me. I've seen it most commonly used\nin cases where the action produces a result out of line with the good\nintentions; maybe somebody beats up their sister's boyfriend because they\nthink he treats her poorly. That obviously doesn't improve the situation, but\nperhaps their heart was in the right place. Staying out late and drinking is\n(presumably?) bad for children.\n\nThat said, I think I can help with your question. In English, I see two main\nusages for the phrase `one's heart being in the right place`. The first is the\none you describe\n\n> This phrase is used in situations where you mean well but your actions come\n> across harsh or misguided.\n\nAlthough I primarily see this in past tense, for something like `he did X, but\nhis heart was in the right place`. The closest thing I can think of in\nJapanese is\n[良かれと思う](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%89%AF%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A8%E6%80%9D%E3%81%86)\n(more commonly as `良かれと思って`). See also\n[here](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%82%88%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A8%E6%80%9D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6)\nand\n[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%96%84%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A8%E6%80%9D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6&ref=wl).\nThis is typically translated as doing something `with good intentions` or\n`meaning well`, but that's what `heart in the right place` means when applied\nto a specific action.\n\nThe other usage is to describe people in the general sense, referring to a\npattern of poor action despite good intentions (somebody to whom the above\ncase applies regularly). This is the translation you mostly find in\ndictionaries, like\n[here](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/have+one%27s+heart+in+the+right+place)\nand\n[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=heart%20is%20in%20the%20right%20place).\nSomething like `心が優しい` is more a statement about the person than their\nmotivations at any specific time, but so is `his heart is in the right place`\nin\n\n> My friend often gets in fights, but his heart is in the right place.\n\nI can think of no perfectly corresponding idiomatic phrase that covers all\nuses of English's usages for `one's heart being in the right place`.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T02:13:04.897",
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62696
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62630",
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"body": "The way I understand it, when two kanji are together without an okurigana in\nmiddle the onyomi reading is used for them. So why is 前 in 駅前 not read as ぜん?\nIs 前 an exception case? \n \nI'm sorry if this question seems rather simplistic, I'm just a beginner in\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T11:18:16.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62629",
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"owner_user_id": "31819",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "Why is 前 in 駅前 read まえ and not ぜん?",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "駅前 is an abbreviation of 駅の前. So the said rule doesn’t apply to 駅前’s 前.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T11:29:25.100",
"id": "62630",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "Actually, 駅前 is structurally not as \"monolithic\" a word as similar-looking\n[門前](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220790/meaning/m0u/) or\n[敵前](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/151028/meaning/m0u/%E6%95%B5%E5%89%8D/).\nIt's a compound made of two elements: a word 駅 \"station\" and a very productive\n\"suffix\" 前【まえ】.\n\nThis 前, even though dictionaries only give its noun definition \"front\", is\nvery widely used in the real world to roughly mean \"at, but not inside of\" /\n\"right outside the entrance of\" a location or landmark. You'll see it very\noften as typical bus and tram stop names.\n\n> * 第一小学校前\n> * 新宿駅前の道路 _a street in front of Shinjuku Station_\n> * ハチ公前で待ち合わせよう \n> _Let's meet up at Hachikо̄ (a famous dog statue beside Shibuya Station)!_\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-06T06:59:18.267",
"id": "62678",
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}
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62665",
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"body": "Here's the context:\n\n> A: 始めまして\n>\n> B: 始めまして\n>\n> C: 東京から[引]{ひ}っ[越]{こ}して来た子だよ\n>\n> B: 東京 どれくらい東京にいたの\n>\n> A: [幼稚園]【ようちえん】から４月までいました\n>\n> B: じゃ 私なんかよりも都会っ子だね\n>\n> C: よりって ひか姉[根]【ね】っこからの[田舎]【いなか】っ子じゃん\n>\n> D: **さっきまで都会風ぶっこいてたんだよ**\n>\n> B: いや ちょっと 気取ってみたという\n\nI searched in jisho.org for **ぶっこ** or **ぶっこく** (cause of the いて conjugation\nfor く-ending verbs) but they don't match, I hope the context is clear enough.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T13:15:32.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62631",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T00:00:56.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"colloquial-language",
"slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"さっきまで都会風ぶっこいてたんだよ\"",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "Looking up **ぶっこく** takes you nowhere because this word is made of **ぶっ** and\n**こく**.\n\n> For ぶっ, <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/193337/meaning/m0u/>\n>\n> For こく,\n> [https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/76624/meaning/m0u/こく/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/76624/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%93%E3%81%8F/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T14:51:48.087",
"id": "62632",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-04T14:51:48.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31659",
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},
{
"body": "ぶっこく is a slangy, colloquial and vulgar verb used in place of 言う, する, でいる etc.\nIt has a contemptuous or mocking nuance, although it's not as offensive as\nほざく/ぬかす. Look up ぶっ and こく separately for the etymology. 都会風ぶっこく in this\ncontext roughly means \"to behave/speak like a city girl\", but it sounds more\nslangy than this.\n\nFor some reason, ぶっこく is often used with 余裕. 余裕(を)ぶっこく means the same thing as\n[余裕をかます](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BD%99%E8%A3%95%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99),\nand it may be memorized as a slangy set expression.",
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T18:18:02.767",
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62631
|
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|
62665
|
{
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"body": "I'm curious about the use of certain particles in combination with\nnominalizing particles こと and の。I know ことが、のは、etc are acceptable, but can one\nuse particles such as と or など etc.? For instance, would the following sentence\nbe grammatically correct or does it sound very strange?\n\n> 喋ることと聞くことより読むことと書くことほうが上手だ。\n\nIs there a better way to express this? Moreover, are ことと or ことなど or のと etc.\nacceptable particle combos?\n\nEdit: I realize の should be used for experiential verbs, so maybe the\nfollowing sentence is better:\n\n> 喋るのと聞くのより読むのと書くのほうが上手だ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T17:20:32.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62634",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-24T01:12:39.040",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-24T01:12:39.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Nominalizing particle combos",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your sentence is nearly perfect, but you need の between こと and ほう, because こと\nand ほう are both (special) nouns.\n\n> 喋ることと聞くことより読むことと書くこと **の** ほうが上手だ。\n\n(As an aside, you don't necessarily need nominalizers here. より and ほう can\nfollow the dictionary-form of a verb, so you can say\n喋ったり聞いたりするより読んだり書いたりする方が上手だ. [This\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29500/5010) is related.)\n\nIt's also possible to use nominalizer-の instead of こと, but it sounds less\nformal, and the combination of の-and-の (one for nominalization and one for\nlinking) sounds odd to me.\n\n> [△]喋るのと聞くのより読むのと書く **のの** ほうが上手だ。 (questionable)\n\nことなど is also an acceptable combination.\n\n> 午前はメールを書くことなどに時間を使った。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T18:29:53.183",
"id": "62666",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
] |
62634
| null |
62666
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62652",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 世界のルールで、島は水 **より上に** 出ていなければならないと決まっています。 \n> World rules determine that an island must stick out above the water.\n\nIn this sentence 水より上 clearly means 'above the water', but when I look in\nbilingual dictionaries they just translate 'above' as 上. I wonder how this\nsentence would sound if より was omitted?\n\nSupposing I had the sentence:\n\n> 時計はテーブルの上にある。\n\nWithout further context would this be interpreted as \"The clock is **on** the\ntable\" or \"The clock is (on the wall) **above** the table\"? Or is there\nambiguity?\n\nWould the ambiguity be removed if I wrote 時計はテーブルより上にある to mean **above** the\ntable?\n\nIn summary, I'm just trying to understand the difference between の上に and より上に.\nAlso, I wonder if より下 is used. There seems to be no need to distinguish\nbetween below and under.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T17:53:21.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62636",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Distinguishing between 'on' and 'above'",
"view_count": 320
}
|
[
{
"body": "Basically, the difference between \"above\", \"on\" and \"over\" is quite ambiguous\nin Japanese language.\n\n> 時計はテーブルの上にある。\n\nWithout any context, this could be both \"above the table\" and \"on the table\".\nBut it usually means \"on the table\" without any context.\n\nより上 doesn't mean \"on\", so if you want to make it clear, you can use より上.\n\nBut most of the time it sounds strange if you use より上 to say 'above'. For\ninstance\n\n> Seagulls are flying above the sea.\n\nis カモメは海の上を飛んでいる, should not be カモメは海より上を飛んでいる. This is not grammatically\n\"wrong\" but it sounds strange because it is obvious that this 上 means \"above\".\nYou should use より上 when this is not obvious.\n\nAnd より下 is same as above.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T08:54:59.793",
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"body": "> 世界のルールで、島は水より上に出ていなければならないと決まっています。 \n> I wonder how this sentence would sound if より was omitted?\n\n「世界のルールで、島は水の上に出ていなければならないと決まっています。」 would probably be okay but I think 水より上に～\nis more natural and clear. 水より上に here means 水面/海面より上に or 水面/海面より高い位置に, \"above\n/ higher than the surface of the water/sea\".\n\n> 時計はテーブルの上にある。\n\nIt would usually be interpreted as \"The clock is on the table\", but it can\nalso mean \"The clock is (on the wall) above the table\".\n\n> Would the ambiguity be removed if I wrote 時計はテーブルより上にある to mean above the\n> table?\n\nIt wouldn't sound natural. I think this is because ～の上にある is talking about\n位置関係 (positional relationship of two things/objects), while ～より上にある is talking\nabout 比較してどちらが上にあるか (which is in a higher position).\n\n> In summary, I'm just trying to understand the difference between の上に and\n> より上に. Also, I wonder if より下 is used. There seems to be no need to\n> distinguish between below and under.\n\nI think we use ～の上に to talk about the location of something, like one thing\nlies / is located on or above another, and ～より上に to say or emphasize one thing\nis in a higher position in comparison to another. And I think this also\napplies to ～の下に and ～より下に; I would say ～の下にある to mean \"something lies / is\nlocated under/below something else\", and ～より下にある, \"something is in a lower\nposition than something else\".",
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"body": "My Japanese teacher just gave birth and our long-term sub is having us make\ncards to congratulate her, we need to write something in Japanese, and I want\nto write something different than what she supplied us with, to spice it up or\nwhatever. What would be appropriate to say in my card?\n\nEdit: I'm not exactly sure what I want to say, but the phrase the sub gave us\nwas the same thing for the entire class:\n\n> あかちゃん おめでとうございます\n\nShe said we could do something different, and I want it to be something that\nan actual Japanese student might say to their teacher had a baby to\ncongratulate them. I'm only in Japanese 1, so I know hiragana and some words\nand phrases, but not nearly enough Japanese to write anything that would\nactually make sense in this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-04T22:32:43.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62637",
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"owner_user_id": "31824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "My Teacher just had a baby, how do I congratulate her",
"view_count": 1298
}
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[
{
"body": "I'll give a few simple common phrases...\n\n> [赤]{あか}ちゃんのおたんじょう、おめでとうございます。\n>\n> かわいい or げんきな [赤]{あか}ちゃんのおたんじょう、おめでとうございます。\n>\n> ご[出産]{しゅっさん}、おめでとうございます。\n>\n> かわいい[女]{おんな}の[子]{こ}のおたんじょう、おめでとうございます。(← when the baby is a girl)\n>\n> げんきな[男]{おとこ}の[子]{こ}のおたんじょう、おめでとうございます。(← when the baby is a boy)\n\nMaybe you could add at the top...\n\n> 祝・ご出産\n\n* * *\n\nFor those who want more formal phrases...\n\n> ご出産、心よりお慶び申し上げます。\n>\n> 赤ちゃんの or お子様の ご誕生、心からお慶び申し上げます。\n>\n> 新しい家族のご誕生、心よりお祝い申し上げます。\n\netc...",
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"body": "Here's an excerpt from the article I am reading\n([link](https://niseco.hatenablog.jp/entry/2015/08/19/%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%8C%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E9%96%93%E9%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E9%9D%A2%E7%99%BD%E3%81%84%E3%81%8A%E3%81%99%E3%81%99%E3%82%81%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AC%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9)\nto the article):\n\n> あくまで私の個人的な評価ではありますが、この中からあなたのお気に入りの本がきっと見つかるはずですよ！また、\n> **今回取り上げる本は文庫版がほとんどなので気軽に買って読んでもらえる作品ばかりです** 。\n\nLast line is where I am stuck at. I understand it as,\n\n' _Most of the books I am going to introduce this time are paperbacks which\ncan be casually bought and read anywhere_ '\n\nWhat I don't understand is the もらえる at the end. Is it there only for\npoliteness or does it have any nuance ?\n\nWould the last sentence make sense without the もらえる、\n\n> **今回取り上げる本は文庫版がほとんどなので気軽に買って読める作品ばかりです。**",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T02:22:47.720",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "What does もらえる mean in this sentence ?",
"view_count": 942
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's only for politeness.\n\nIt's OK if you do it or not.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T15:54:12.130",
"id": "62658",
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"body": "もらえる is the potential form of the [subsidiary-verb\nもらう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/308/5010). This もらう implies the\naction of 読む is somehow beneficial to the speaker, i.e., the author of this\narticle would be happy if someone took a look at his review, bought the book\nand read it. In this case, such a nuance is not essential, and it can be\nsafely omitted without largely changing the meaning. もらう itself has nothing to\ndo with keigo, but maybe the sentence would look slightly more friendly with\nもらえる because of how it indicates a connection between the author and the\nreaders.",
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"body": "The phrase アルコールはダメなんだ is from a manga I read, in which a guy responds to his\nfriend when being asked if he wants a beer. He appears not to be into alcohol,\neven goes so far to say that \"I don't like the taste, nor is there any\noccasion for me to drink\".\n\nI'm not sure what possible meanings that phrase could have though. Literally,\nit'd be \"Alcohol is not good\", and it could be reasonably thought of as\n\"Alcohol isn't good for your health\" (in which case he might be advising his\nfriend not to drink).\n\n**I'm curious whether there's a possibility for it to mean \"I'm not good with\nalcohol\" > \"I can't drink\".** After all, this seems to be an example of the\nvarious ambiguous uses of \"wa\", in which the topic isn't necessarily\ngrammatically tied to the modifying phrase that follows.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T02:59:28.887",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"particle-は",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What could a phrase like アルコールはダメなんだ possibly mean?",
"view_count": 1567
}
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[
{
"body": "It means \"I'm not good with alcohol\" or \"I don't like alcohol\". Of course it\ncan also mean \"Alcohol is not good (for your health)\" and \"Alcohol is\nprohibited (in this event)\", depending on the context. In general, ～がダメだ can\nmean \"to be not good at ～\" or \"not to like ～\". For example you can say\nサッカーはダメです, 彼は英語がダメです, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T05:06:12.873",
"id": "62643",
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{
"body": "If I hear you say アルコールはダメなんだ without any context, I will understand it as \"I\ncan't drink alcohol\".\n\nThat said, [ダメ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/139020/meaning/m0u/) is\ncertainly an absurdly polysemous word with general negative connotation \"not\ngood; don't do; don't work\". Alone it won't even tell _what_ is not good to\n_what_ , so the context eventually matters.\n\nInstead of using your example, I will present a Hatsune Miku song called\n[胸いっぱいのダメを](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/27029.html)\n([YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPWOd207TA0)), from which you can\nhave every imaginable shades of the word's usage...\n\n> 空気が読めないから **ダメ** _An insensitive guy (like you) is **useless**._ \n> 心を見透かしては **ダメ** _**Don't** read others' mind._ \n> **ダメダメ** いうのもダメだ _Stop saying \" **no, no** \"._ \n> その着地点も **ダメ** だ _That solution(?) is **no good** either._ \n> 無責任な本音は **ダメ** _A blatant truth is **not allowed**._ \n> 中学生の **ダメ** を _... **faults** of middle schoolers_ [accusative] \n> 不老不死ならもっと **ダメ** _Immortality is even **worse**._ \n> 焼き肉がほんとうまくて **ダメ** _The grilled meat tastes so **wickedly** good._",
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"creation_date": "2018-11-06T07:58:14.333",
"id": "62679",
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"body": "It literally translates to that but does it actually mean I'll try to think?\nOr I'll give it a thought?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T05:17:02.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"sentence"
],
"title": "俺は考えてみた - Literally translates to I'll think and see?",
"view_count": 174
}
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[
{
"body": "みる in this context is an important [subsidiary\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) meaning \"to try ～ing\".\nた is the ta-form (past tense) of みる. The sentence means \"I gave it a thought\"\nor \"I tried thinking about it.\"",
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T17:10:15.773",
"id": "62662",
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"body": "At an elementary level, often, Japanese learners are taught that です is\nequivalent to the verb \"to be\" in English. Typical example:\n\n> 私は学生です, I am a student.\n\nThat's fine, after all, it works. And to be honest, most people probably\nwouldn't really need a different explanation for the rest of their life.\n\nWith this question I'd like to go a little deeper. Can we really call です（or だ)\nan auxiliary verb?\n\nTo start with, if you look だ up on\n[goo](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17293/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A0/), it is\ngrouped together with です, である, and のだ.\n\nRight off the bat, you get this explanation:\n\n> 断定を表わす。 expresses a conclusion/decision\n\nSo here is not really mentioning the word \"verb\" or \"auxiliary verb\" at all.\nShortly after you can see:\n\n> 「です」は、「でございます」が変化したもの,\n\nSo, we can start by saying that actually です is an alteration/contraction of\nでございます.\n\nContinuing to read the definition we get:\n\n> 「である」は、「で」に補助動詞「ある」が接続したもので、同様のものに「であります」「でございます」がある。\n\nHence, 「である」 is formed by attaching to「で」the subsidiary/auxiliary verb「ある」.\nBecause actually:\n\n> 「で」は「だ」の連用形。 「で」is the conjunctive/continuative form of 「だ」\n\nTherefore, if I'm not wrong, we can do the following passages:\n\n> 「で」+「あります」＝「であります」＝ 「でございます」 ＝ 「です」\n\nDoes the above make sense? In particular I'm a bit doubtful about the second\nequality.\n\nTo sum it up, 「です」 is a variation of 「だ」(its polite form). It is also a\ncontraction of 「でございます」, which in turn is the same as 「であります」(forgetting here\nabout the differences in usage), that is formed by attaching 「で」 to the\nverb「あります」.\n\nSo, after this long trip, we arrive to the conclusion that the \"hidden verb\"\nbehind 「です」, is in fact\n[ある](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/15900/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B/),\nwhich is actually (or at least more close to) the sought after \"to be\".\n\nIs this a correct explanation? How can it be improved? Or, if it's wrong,\nwhere and why?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-05T06:04:49.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"copula"
],
"title": "「です」, what is it really? Is my analysis correct?",
"view_count": 2001
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your collection of questions conflate a few things: 1) what is だ・です in modern\nJapanese, and 2) how did だ・です derive historically.\n\nBecause of #2, #1 is a bit ... messy. :) So let's start with the history.\n\n> 「です」は、「でございます」が変化したもの,\n\nThis isn't an explanation of what です is now, so much as an explanation of the\nhistorical derivation. Shogakukan's 国語大辞典 provides this description:\n\n> 「でござります」→「でござんす」→「であんす」→「でえす」→「です」の経路で生じたものという\n\nMeanwhile, the modern plain form だ derives as:\n\n> 「にてあり」から出た「である」が、〔dea〕→〔da〕と変化したものという。→であ・じゃ・である\n\nModern で (which actually appears from around the 1300s-1500s) is understood to\nhave evolved from earlier にて (which is still used in formal writing).\nClassical copular (\"is\") verb あり equates to modern verb ある.\n\nLooking now at the particular parts of your post:\n\n> 「で」は「だ」の連用形。 「で」is the conjunctive/continuative form of 「だ」\n\nWell, yes, in the modern language. But historically, だ derives from で + ある --\nso this is not a regular kind of conjugation paradigm.\n\n> To sum it up, 「です」 is a variation of 「だ」(its polite form).\n\nYes. Though I might not use the term \"variation\" so much as \"polite form\".\n\n> It is also a contraction of 「でございます」,\n\nIt _derives_ from a contraction of でございます, but I don't believe it's considered\nto be such a contraction in modern regular usage.\n\n> which in turn is the same as 「であります」(forgetting here about the differences\n> in usage)\n\nIt's not quite the same as であります. Note that ございます is the humble version of\nあります. That difference in usage is important. :)\n\n> that is formed by attaching 「で」 to the verb「あります」.\n\nYes -- but note also that であります is **not** a verb unto itself, but simply the\nparticle で plus the verb あります.\n\n> So, after this long trip, we arrive to the conclusion that the \"hidden verb\"\n> behind 「です」, is in fact ある, which is actually (or at least more close to)\n> the sought after \"to be\".\n\nHistorically, yes. And if you dig around in classical Japanese and older\nstages of the language, you'll find just that -- あり serves as the primary\ncopular verb.\n\nIn modern Japanese, however, だ・です is the primary copular verb: it closes a\npredicate, and (optionally) supplies social register information\n(\"politeness\"). One no longer says things like 綺麗にあり, one says instead 綺麗だ.\nSimilarly, instead of 本にてあり, one says 本だ.\n\nRelated thread touching upon social register:\n\n * [Why can't だ be used after an I-adjective?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43244/why-cant-%E3%81%A0-be-used-after-an-i-adjective)\n\nI hope the above covers the bases for you. If not, please comment and I can\nedit the post accordingly.\n\n### Addendum\n\nI missed a question of yours that I'd meant to answer.\n\n> Can we really call です（or だ) an auxiliary verb?\n\nDepends. :) \"Auxiliary verb\" (助動詞) is a kind of loose category in Japanese\nschool grammars. The [article on the Japanese\nWiktionary](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E_\\(%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95\\))\nprovides a table showing the various things that get this label. Some of them\nI really don't agree with: そうだ and ようだ are listed here, and those are clearly\nそう or よう + copular だ・です -- and だ・です is right there in the table as it's own\npair of rows at the bottom. Others like らしい, ない, and たい are adjectival in form\nand function. Many, like させる or たがる, have full conjugation paradigms (i.e.\nthey have forms for all conjugation slots), whereas others like negative\nsupposition まい or positive supposition う are defective (i.e. have incomplete\nconjugation paradigms; see [Defective\nverb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defective_verb) at Wikipedia).\n\nBasically, it's a grab-bag of odds and ends that get stuck on the ends of\nother things (often, but not always, verbs). This category was also previously\ncalled simply 助け言葉 (\"helping words\"), and this vague moniker is a clue to the\nvagueness of the category itself.\n\nSo, _\"can we really call です（or だ) an auxiliary verb?\"_ Sure. So long as we're\nclear on what we mean by \"auxiliary verb\". :)",
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"body": "When someone says something to me and I don't really understand the meaning,\nhow can I respond?\n\nWhat is the difference between:\n\n * 何て言う意味ですか。\n * 何て言うことですか。\n * どう言う意味ですか。\n\nI might be wrong, I might mix everything from what I've heard, read, seen.\n\nEnvironment: Polite, formal, informal, anything is fine.\n\nExtra question, how to say it in keigo?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T06:33:52.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "15674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 何て言う意味、何て言うこと、どう言う意味 etc",
"view_count": 724
}
|
[
{
"body": "何て言う意味ですか? means \"What is the meaning?\". For example, この漢字は、何ていう意味ですか?(What is\nthe meaning of this kanji?).\n\nI say 何ていうことだ rather than 何て言うことですか and it means \"Oh my God\".\n\nどう言う意味ですか? has two meanings. One is the same as \"何て言う意味ですか?\" and the other is\n\"What do you mean\". The latter one often includes an offensive nuance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T14:55:23.817",
"id": "62655",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T00:13:07.350",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "62646",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62646
|
62655
|
62655
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62649",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am learning japanese grammar via Tae Kim\n(<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar>). I read that to change a\nu-verb to potential form, replace the -u ending with a -e ending and add -ru.\nFor example 持てる or 待てる to mean can hold or can wait.\n\nThe same verb 持つ, when conjugated to its continuous tense becomes 持っている, which\nis sometimes simplified to 持てる. I feel like this causes ambiguity, for\nexample, ペンは持てる can mean \"I am holding a pen\" or \"I can hold a pen\". The\nquestion is, how does one distinguish between the 2 meanings, or is there a\ncompletely different way to say these things? I read that the topic particle\n(を) cannot be used with the potential form of verb, so if the sentence changes\nto ペンを持てる, it would most likely mean \"I am holding a pen\", but when the\nparticle is は, it is unclear, at least to me",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T07:31:36.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62648",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-05T07:43:32.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"potential-form"
],
"title": "is 持てる potential form or continuous tense",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, \"持っている\" can never be simplified to \"持てる\". The former one \"持っている\", or\nsometimes \"持ってる\" for simplified one is \"have something right now\", but the\nlatter one \"持てる\" is \"able to have\".\n\nSecond, \"を\" can be used both potential and continuous. So as I explained\nabove, \"ペンを持っている\" means \"is having a pen\" and \"ペンを持てる\" is \"can have a pen\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T07:43:32.480",
"id": "62649",
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"score": 1
}
] |
62648
|
62649
|
62649
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62661",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "下の文章で「しり目に」の意味は何ですか。\n\n例）「たなびく白い雲をしり目に、大きなかたまりがぐんぐんと空におしのぼっている。」\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T09:03:43.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62651",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-05T23:38:05.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "「しり目に」の意味は何ですか。",
"view_count": 287
}
|
[
{
"body": "[辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/112621/meaning/m0u/)には、「『…をしりめに』の形で、その場のようすをちらっと見てあとは構わず自分の行動を進めるさま。例『同僚の慰留をしりめに会社をやめた』」と書いてあります。\n\nこの例文だと、「たなびく白い雲を置き去りにして、大きなかたまり(の雲)がぐんぐんと空におしのぼっている。」と言う意味だと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T16:06:17.513",
"id": "62661",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "62651",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62651
|
62661
|
62661
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between these sentences?\n\n> インドでの格好のまま来てしまったのです\n\nand\n\n> インドの格好のまま来てしまったのです\n\nWhat is the use of で particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T14:22:52.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62653",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-05T18:44:25.403",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-05T14:40:14.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "31838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Regarding で particle",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "インドでの格好のまま来てしまったのです → \nインドにいた時の格好で来た\n\nインドの格好のまま来てしまったのです → \nインドのstereotypeの格好で来た",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T15:32:39.813",
"id": "62656",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-05T16:31:04.930",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-05T16:31:04.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "31839",
"parent_id": "62653",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "インドでの恰好 means \"outfit/appearance when (someone was/is) in India\", which only\nrefers to whatever someone was wearing in India. This で is a location marker,\nand the function of の after で is explained in this question: [using の with\nと,で, から, まで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33605/5010) On the other\nhand, インドの恰好 is ambiguous, and it may refer to traditional Indian costume such\nas turban and sari if there were no context at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T18:44:25.403",
"id": "62667",
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"score": 1
}
] |
62653
| null |
62656
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know which is the difference between には...がある and は...がある to\nexpress possession.\n\nFor example, which would be the difference between\n\n> 彼には友人をつくる才能がある。\n\n> 彼は友人をつくる才能がある。\n\nOr between\n\n> 彼には車が二台ある。\n\n> 彼は車が二台ある。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T14:50:23.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62654",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T06:04:46.347",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Difference between には...がある and は...がある",
"view_count": 373
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 彼には友人をつくる才能がある\n\n彼には才能があるが他の人にはないという区別や皮肉が表現できる。\n\n> 彼は友人をつくる才能がある\n\n事実のみを述べている。\n\n> 彼には車が二台ある。\n\n（すごい！普通の人は二台なんて買えないよ！）\n\n> 彼は車が二台ある\n\n（事実）",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T15:43:14.560",
"id": "62657",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T06:04:46.347",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-16T06:04:46.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31839",
"parent_id": "62654",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62654
| null |
62657
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62671",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The translation I received was 'Before my blood was dyed golden'\n\nHow does the construct of No-verb + noun + に + verb works?\n\nDoes the に particle take the verb and puts it between the no adjective and\nnoun so that it basically describes how the noun is affected by the adjective?\n\nBasically 'blood that was dyed golden' instead of 'be dyed by golden blood'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T21:27:17.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62670",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-05T21:46:05.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Use of に in 金色の血に染まる前に",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "Be warned I am a non-native speaker, but here is what I found:\n\nA quick google in a Japanese-Japanese dictionary (always better to consult\nthan crappy english translations) says that one meaning of somaru means either\n\"a color sticks to something\" (to dye) or that something is turning a certain\ncolor, so the meaning is a bit more general than to dye. What you posted is a\nsentence fragment without a subject or topic, so I can assume that in this\ncase the ni indicates that whatever the subject/topic is is being subsumed in\ncolor by golden blood. So in this case it indicates 'by' in English.\n\n金色の血に - by golden blood 染まる前に - before subsumed (in color) / dyed by",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T21:46:05.873",
"id": "62671",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19998",
"parent_id": "62670",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62670
|
62671
|
62671
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> [超]{スーパー}サイヤ[人]{じん}になったオレと **そっくり** だ...\n\nAccording to dictionaries, \"そっくり\" can mean \"exactly\". So could this mean, \"You\nare exactly [as powerful] as I am as a Super Saiyan\"?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9yB2p.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-05T23:06:13.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62672",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T00:43:23.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-05T23:52:32.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31845",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does そっくり mean in this context?",
"view_count": 233
}
|
[
{
"body": "The best translation of そっくり is \"the spitting image of\". So the person he's\ntalking to should probably look a lot like him when he was a super Saiyan.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T00:43:23.130",
"id": "62673",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31846",
"parent_id": "62672",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62672
| null |
62673
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62675",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across these two sentences and have been trying to wrap my head\naround them for a while.\n\n> 「出られたくないんだよ」and 「縛られたくないんだよ」\n\nBoth use the potential verb form and 「くない」\n\nWhen I look up the translation, they say \"I do not want to leave\" and \"I don't\nwant to be tied up.\"\n\nBut they end with 「られ **た** 」, which is used for something done in the past. I\nwould have assumed they'd be translated as \"I **did** not want to leave.\"\n\nIf I'm missing something please tell me.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T01:26:41.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62674",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T05:50:56.007",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T05:50:56.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "30320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Is 「〜られたくない」 in present or past form?",
"view_count": 661
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are confused. That has nothing to do with past form. It is called\n～たい form and it indicates \"being willing/wanting to\" do something.\n\nThe basic rule of construction is:\n\n> verb {stem of masu-form} + たい.\n\nIn your example, the verbs are conjugated in a passive negative form (as for\n出る notice that passive and potential are the same so I'm unsure just from the\nverb without context).\n\nBasically you can see it as conjugated doing the following steps:\n\n縛る ー＞ (passive) 縛られる ー＞ (〜たい form) 縛られたい ー＞ (negative) 縛られたくない\n\nFor more about the ～たい form, you can look [here](https://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/japanese-expression-desire.html).\n\n**Ps.**\n\nI got caught up in something and could not continue my answer.\n\nI wanted to add one thing. I did not mention translations because you have\nalready provided them. However, I'm not sure \"I do not want to leave\" is\ncorrect. Then what would be the difference with \"出たくない\"? Since the 出る is\nintransitive, this is probably what is called 迷惑{めいわく}の受け身, loosely translated\nas \"troubling passive\". Therefore, is probably more something like \"I don't\nwant (someone else) to leave\".\n\nHowever, put in this way, the more I think of it the more I find it confusing\nmyself. Let me expand. Think of this type of passive as something that happens\nand someone being affected/troubled by it.\n\nTypical example:\n\n> 雨に降られた, I was fallen on by the rain (It rained on me).\n\nAnd I was affected negatively by this event.\n\nNow let's turn this example to make it more similar to your case:\n\n> 雨に降られたくない, I don't want to be fallen on by the rain (I don't want it to rain\n> on me).\n\nNow should be easier to understand why I said the translation of your case\nshould probably refer to someone else leaving. There are probably two things\nmissing there:\n\n> [私が][...に]出られたくないんだよ, (I) don't want (...) to \"leave on me\"\n\nWhere I wouldn't know how to better render in English the \"leave on me\" part,\nbut I hope it gives you the idea.\n\nAnd obviously, now you should see why in English is much more natural \"I don't\nwant (someone) to leave\".\n\n* * *\n\nAfter seeing Naruto's comment, I think \"sufferer passive\" is an even better\ntranslation for 迷惑の受け身.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T01:49:28.423",
"id": "62675",
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}
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62674
|
62675
|
62675
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62677",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Very beginner question. I often see this spelled in hiragana with a dash. I\nthought the dash was used to indicate long sounds in katakana, where hiragana\nshould have been spelled やっほう. Why isn't it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T05:57:26.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62676",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T15:08:13.300",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T06:05:22.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "31850",
"owner_user_id": "31850",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why is it spelled やっほー instead of やっほう?",
"view_count": 1668
}
|
[
{
"body": "To put things into context, let's start by saying that the dash sign \"ー\", is\ncalled [[長音符]{ちょうおんぷ}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu). It is also\ncalled **Katakana-Hiragana Prolonged Sound Mark** by the Unicode Consortium.\n\nAs you correctly pointed out, it indicates a long vowel.\n\nI linked to the English Wikipedia for your convenience, but if you look to the\nmore complete [Japanese\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6), there is\na better explanation of why it is not used in hiragana, generally:\n\n>\n> ひらがなでは通常、長音符は使われず、現代仮名遣いに基づいた別の方法で長音を表す（例：かあさん、にいさん、すうじ、ねえさん、けいさん、とうさん、そのとおり）。\n\nBased on the 現代仮名遣い{げんだいかなづかい} (modern kana usage as laid out by government in\n1946), a different method (than the dash) is used to express a 長音{ちょうおん} (long\nvowel) for hiragana. That is, usually another vowel is added such as in the\nexamples:\n\n> か **あ** さん、に **い** さん、す **う** じ、ね **え** さん、け **い** さん、と **う** さん、そのと **お** り\n\nHowever, going on reading Wikipedia, you can see that:\n\n>\n> ただし俗な用法として感動詞（例：「ああ」の代わりに「あー」、ありゃー）、擬音・擬態語（例：どすーん、そーっ、あーん）や方言・俗語（例：てめー、あぶねーっ!、あちー）、語調の強調による長呼（例：ながーい、よーく、たかーい）の表記などにひらがなでも長音符が使われることがあり、特に漫画の書き文字に多用される。\n\nWhich basically says that for interjections, onomatopoeic sounds, slang, to\nmark the tone of the voice, etc, sometimes the dash is used (especially in\nmanga, according to the same source). The reported examples are:\n\n> 「ああ」 becoming 「あー」 (interjection), どす **ー** ん、そ **ー** っ、あ **ー** ん\n> (onomatopoeia), てめ **ー** 、あぶね **ー** っ!、あち **ー** (dialect/colloquial\n> language), ... etc\n\nI think やっほー belongs to the last group, hence I think this explains why you\ncan see it spelled with the dash.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T06:23:15.253",
"id": "62677",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "62676",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
62676
|
62677
|
62677
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have recently encountered this construction:\n\n> 雪{ゆき}が降{ふ}りに降{ふ}っていました\n\nSomeone translated it as \"The snow was falling in waves.\"\n\nAfter some research, I discovered similar constructions with repeated verbs,\nsuch as:\n\n> 荒{あ}れに荒{あ}れる\n\nlike in this example from weblio:\n\n> あらしは荒{あ}れに荒{あ}れてようやくやんだ。At last the storm raved itself out.\n\nor this:\n\n> 走{はし}りに走{はし}る\n\nI was wondering if it was some grammar pattern I didn't run into before and\nwhat exactly it means? Are there more similar constructions with repeated\nverbs? How common are they?\n\nIs it at all similar to the construction\n\n> Verb-stem + に行く = to go to do...\n\nI mean in the grammatical function of the parts - that is, the first verb is\nthe purpose/target of the second verb?\n\nMy first instinct was to translate 雪{ゆき}が降{ふ}りに降{ふ}っていました as \"The snow was\nfalling and falling\" and 走{はし}りに走{はし}る as \"to run and run\" but it feels\nincomplete somehow...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T12:29:15.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62682",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T09:22:55.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3358",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "repeated verb in 雪が降りに降っていました",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[] |
62682
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence:\n\n> 夫は涎らさんばかりの喜びようだ。\n\nHer husband seems so happy he is almost drooling? That is, he is ecstatically\nhappy? What is this? らさん",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T12:39:32.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62683",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T13:17:51.553",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-07T13:17:51.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "I do not understand らさん in this sentence",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "夫は涎{た}らさんばかりの喜びようだ。 \nThis is an example of bending the rules for a literary aesthetic. The kanji\n涎{よだれ} does not have the 垂{た}らす reading, but the meaning and unusual way the\nauthor wanted the reader to read it are clear. This is relatively common even\nwithout ふりがな in advanced novels. This usage let's the reader know the thing\nbeing 垂らすed is 涎 without having to say it.\n\n垂らす becomes 垂らさん because it is a classical Japanese form that is still in use\ntoday. Another example is 溢{あふ}れんばかりの笑顔.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T10:47:34.547",
"id": "62703",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T10:47:34.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "62683",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62683
| null |
62703
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm kind of confused on what does \"Volitional + と + Verb\" mean in the\nfollowing sentences:\n\n> i) 心臓を串刺しに **せんと** 繰り出される槍の穂先\n>\n> ii) 手に入れ **ようと** 急ぐ\n\nThere are two different ways I see to parse it:\n\n 1. Same as ようとする but する is ommited. (Don't know if that is grammatical.)\n 2. と is being used similarly to when it is a \"quotation particle\" and it's showing the manner in which the verb is done.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T15:50:28.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62685",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T15:50:28.307",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"Volitional + と + (Non-する verb)\"",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
62685
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62693",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If _Ō Ikenohata Jōkin_ is written as 大池仲上金, how can 池仲 be 'ikenohata'? 池 is\n_ike_ , but 仲 is usually _naka_? Can 仲 -- and presumably its homonym 中 -- also\nbe read as _hata_ (はた)? Am I missing something?\n\n**Context:** I was looking at a mid-19th century publisher Jōshūya Kinzō,\n上州屋金蔵: the academic text I was referencing indicated that he used an _Ō\nIkenohata Jōkin_ seal, 大池仲上金, during 1837–1848. I also came across a ukiyo-e\nprint and found a variation seal, 大池中上金, and can only assume that since 仲 and\n中 are homonyms ( _naka_ , なか) then the second seal would also be read as _Ō\nIkenohata Jōkin_.\n\nJōshūya Kinzō's address in Edo was _Shitaya Ikenohata Nakamachi-dōri_ ,\n下谷池之端仲町通. I have found a publisher’s address cartouche _Shitaya Ikenohata,\nJōshūya Kinzō han_ , 下谷池之端上州屋金蔵版. In these two instances, _Ikenohata_ uses the\nexpected character _hata_ , 端.\n\nThis is a little confusing. Given my earlier examples, how does 仲 and 中\nrepresent the _hata_ in _Ikenohata_? I've gone through a few dictionaries and\nreferences but none shed light on this usage.\n\n**Wiktionary gives 中 the following readings:**\n\nGo-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō); じゅう (jū, Jōyō, uncommon)\n\nKan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō); じゅう (jū, Jōyō, uncommon)\n\nKun: なか (naka, 中, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 中); あたる (ataru, 中たる)\n\nNanori: あたり (atari); あつ (atsu); あつる (atsuru); かなえ (kanae); かなめ (kaname); ただし\n(tadashi); とうる (tōru); とおる (tōru); ひとし (hitoshi); みつる (mitsuru); わたる (wataru);\n\n**and for 仲:**\n\nGo-on: じゅう (jū)\n\nKan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)\n\nKun: なか (naka, 仲, Jōyō).\n\nAny observations appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T16:11:57.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62686",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-07T11:30:09.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "26637",
"owner_user_id": "26637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "How can 池仲 be read as 'ikenohata' in the seal 'Ō Ikenohata Jōkin', 大池仲上金? Doesn't 仲 = 'naka'; can it be 'hata'?",
"view_count": 225
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think there's a collection of contractions here that are making things\nconfusing. :)\n\nJōshūya's address gives us a hint: 下谷池之端仲町通. Looking up [池之端 on the JA\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E4%B9%8B%E7%AB%AF), we see\nthat 池之端仲町 appears to have been a somewhat distinct place name -- this is\nlisted independently in both the Edo and Meiji period lists of place names\nrelated to 池之端, lacking the 下谷 prefix. Notably, 池之端仲町 could be abbreviated to\njust 池仲, using the common Japanese abbreviation practice of taking the first\nkanji of each constituent part. I suspect this is the same as the second and\nthird characters in the seal name.\n\nAccording to [the JA Wikipedia page for this\npublisher](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9E%E5%B1%8B%E9%87%91%E8%94%B5),\nJōshūya also went by the abbreviated spelling 上金. I suspect this is the same\nas the last two characters in the seal name.\n\nWe're left with the 大 on the front.\n\n * There's a possibility that this is also a first-character abbreviation, perhaps of 大江戸. That said, I cannot find any instances of \"大江戸池之端仲町\", which would be the probable expanded version of 大池仲 as an abbreviation.\n * Alternatively, if the seal were large, or just larger than other seals used by Jōshūya, that might be all this meant -- the big seal, as opposed to the small one. Personally, I suspect that this is the more probable explanation.\n\nPutting this all back together, we have:\n\n * **大** - \"big\"\n * **池** 之端 **仲** 町 → **池仲** - from the address. \nThe _Ikenohata_ reading here would apply to the full expanded spelling. 池仲 as-\nis would notably **not** be read as _Ikenohata_ , so matching up the _hata_\nreading with the 仲 kanji is a mistake.\n\n * **上** 州屋 **金** 蔵 → **上金** - from the full name.\n\nThis kind of mismatch, where a reading from a fuller expression appears to be\napplied to an abbreviation where the kanji no longer line up well with the\nreading, isn't terribly common from what I've seen, but it's also not unknown.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T20:28:29.587",
"id": "62693",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "62686",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62686
|
62693
|
62693
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62702",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following:\n\nTo disappear in an instant:\n\n 1. 一瞬でなくなる\n 2. 一瞬にしてなくなる\n\nTo change overnight:\n\n 3. 一夜で変わる*\n 4. 一夜にして変わる\n\n 5. 一晩で変わる\n\n 6. 一晩にして変わる*\n\nI was unable to find example sentences containing 一夜で and 一晩にして on [WWWJDIC's\nexample search](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?10) which is why I\nmarked 3 and 6 with asterisks.\n\nMy choice of verbs なくなる and 変わる are entirely arbitrary and are there to make\nthe phrase sound complete. (I did not purposefully select verbs to complement\nthe time expression, and if my chosen verbs are iffy please substitute them\naccordingly)\n\n**(Questions)**\n\n * When is で used and when is にして used?\n * What is the difference between 1 and 2 above? \n * Are phrases 3 through 6 possible? \n * Is the choice between で and にして limited by the kind of time expression that comes before it, or are they idiosyncratic? (i.e. unique to a particular way of saying and there's no justification or predictable rule)\n * Is the choice between で and にして limited by the kind of verbs that comes after the time adverbs, or are they idiosyncratic?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T16:12:54.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62687",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T10:14:17.417",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T16:18:40.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"time"
],
"title": "Comparing で with にして in 一瞬で and 一瞬にして and in other time words",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sentences 1-6 are all natural, but ～にして is more nuanced and emphatic. See:\n[Difference between 六歳にして and\n六歳で](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53725/5010). Note that N歳にして does\nnot necessarily mean someone is surprisingly _young_ ; you can also say\n80歳にしてエベレストに登頂する, for example.\n\nLet me address the remaining parts of your question.\n\n> Is the choice between で and にして limited by the kind of time expression that\n> comes before it, or are they idiosyncratic?\n\nN歳にして is fine regardless of the value of N. You can say N年目にして, too. However,\nI feel N日にして, N夜にして and N晩にして are unnatural if N is not one (i.e., We don't\nusually say 3日にして, 5夜にして). People usually say something like たった3日で or わずか2晩で\ninstead. I'm not familiar with 一週間にして and 一年にして, either. Don't ask me why.\n\n> Is the choice between で and にして limited by the kind of verbs that comes\n> after the time adverbs\n\nI don't think so. You can combine it with any verb, for example 一日にしてビルが建った,\n一晩にして論文を書き上げた, 一瞬にしてHPが回復した, and so on.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T10:14:17.417",
"id": "62702",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62687",
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"score": 3
}
] |
62687
|
62702
|
62702
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62701",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What would be the difference between these two sentences.\n\n> 友達に晩ご飯を食べました\n>\n> 友達と晩ご飯をたべました\n\nMy understanding is that と can mean \"with\" or describe taking an action with a\nsecondary object (as well as mean \"and\")\n\nSo maybe another example.\n\n> 彼氏にキスした\n>\n> 彼氏とキスした\n\nWould the difference for that be \"I kissed my boyfriend\" vs. \"My boyfriend and\nI kissed\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T17:07:25.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62688",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-29T04:12:36.633",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T04:12:36.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31856",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Difference in sentences (と and に）友達に/と晩ご飯を食べました 彼氏に/とキスした",
"view_count": 1087
}
|
[
{
"body": "に has [a lot of functions](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\ngrammar/japanese-particle-ni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-have/) and I won't go\ninto detail of every possible usage of it. Let me just comment on your\nexamples.\n\n友達に晩ご飯を食べました is ungrammatical and makes no sense. 友達と晩ご飯をたべました means \"I ate\ndinner with my friend.\"\n\n彼氏 **に** キスした means \"I kissed my boyfriend.\" This に is a target/destination\nmarker. (キスする is an intransitive verb.) 彼氏 **と** キスした is similar, but it\nindicates your boyfriend also kissed you because there is と (\"with ～\"). If you\nkissed him on the lips, 彼氏 **に** キスした and 彼氏 **と** キスした are interchangeable.\nBut if you kissed his wrist, you can say 彼氏 **に** キスした but not 彼氏 **と** キスした.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T09:41:43.307",
"id": "62701",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T13:16:37.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-07T13:16:37.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62688",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
62688
|
62701
|
62701
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62700",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could anyone explain to me what the differences are between these words, both\nin meaning and usage?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T18:30:30.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62689",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T07:17:31.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31858",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the differences between 望み, 志望, 希望 and 願い?",
"view_count": 1133
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **望み**\n * _hope_ (expectation for future / expectation of surviving, sustaining) \n\n> 望みを捨てるな _don't give up hope_\n\n * _desire, wish_ (expectation of obtaining / achieving) \n\n> 望み薄 _fat chance_\n\n * **志望**\n * _aim of becoming_ (of profession, school etc.) \n\n> 志望動機 _reason for applying_ (for the job etc.)\n\n * **希望**\n * _hope_ ; sounds slightly more bookish, but also more modern than 望み\n * _wish, preference_ (request out of one's taste) \n\n> 希望が通る _request is met_\n\n * **願い**\n * _wish, hope_ (which is not necessarily fulfilled by one's own effort) \n\n> 願いがかなう _wish comes true_\n\n * [suffixing] _letter of (request for)_... \n\n> 退職願 _resignation letter_\n\nThe word forms you provided are nouns, but of course they can be used as verbs\nwith respective meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T07:05:12.690",
"id": "62700",
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"score": 9
}
] |
62689
|
62700
|
62700
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62699",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've browsed a bit throught the other posts and it seems like there is no\nclear explanation of the nuance of \"V + ざるを得ない\" compared to \"V + しかない\".\nRoughly speaking, they have the same meaning but is there any subtle nuance I\ndon't get here or are they completely interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T18:38:51.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62690",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31846",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Nuance of the structure \"Verb (stem of negative form) + ざるを得ない\" compared to \"Verb + しかない\"",
"view_count": 290
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the _Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar_ ,\n\n> Vneg ざるを得ない can also be replaced by ... V しかない.... Both Vneg ざるを得ない and V\n> しかない are used only in a no-choice situation [and not in an obligation\n> situation].\n\nHere, Vneg means the negative stem (未然形) of a verb (i.e. 買わ for 買う, 読ま for 読む)\nand V means the dictionary form of the verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T19:49:33.493",
"id": "62692",
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62690",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "(せ)ざるを得ない looks a little more literary, stiff and formal, although it can\nsafely be used in informal but serious situations. It clearly expresses that\nthe verb is an **undesirable** but unavoidable option. In other words, you do\nnot want to do it but cannot help it. ざる is an archaic negation marker, and 得る\nhas a potential meaning. ざるを得ない is one of the [set phrases that use archaic\nforms](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42724/5010).\n\nOn the other hand, (する)しかない is fairly neutral (\"one can only ～\"). It's usually\ninterchangeable with ざるを得ない, but it does not necessarily imply the verb is an\nundesirable option. For example, you can safely use しかない when you noticed you\nhad only one option but it was your initial plan, anyway.\n\n> * 戦わざるを得ない！ (strongly implies you are reluctant but had no choice)\n> * 戦うしかない！ (more proactive, \"I must fight!\")\n>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T02:57:27.520",
"id": "62699",
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"score": 9
}
] |
62690
|
62699
|
62699
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62697",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the を interchangeable with が in this case?\n\nAnd if I say 私が総てを愛している does it mean 'I'm everything that I love'?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T19:38:36.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62691",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-07T09:13:30.100",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-07T07:54:12.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"particle-を",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "The use of が, は and を in 私は総てを愛している",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "愛する is a straightforward transitive verb. Therefore, が always marks a subject\n(i.e. who loves), and を always marks an object (i.e. who/what is loved). は, as\na topic marker, usually marks a subject but sometimes marks an object (See:\n[Why can は and を sometimes be used\ninterchangeably?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23378/5010)). As far as\n愛する/愛している is used in a simple sentence like this, が and を are not\ninterchangeable.\n\n> 私は総てを愛している\n\nThis is a simple sentence that means \"I love everything.\" Since すべて\n(\"everything\") is an object, 私 is clearly the subject (and topic).\n\n> 私が総てを愛している\n\nThis means \" _I_ love everything\" (with emphasized \"I\"). 私 is the subject, and\nすべて is the object, anyway. Usually a sentence that describes a fact like this\nuses は, but when you use が instead of は, it has an [exhaustive-\nlisting](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010) function.\n\n* * *\n\n\"I'm everything that I love\" translates to 私は私が愛するすべてである (what a narcissistic\nstatement!). You need to be familiar with relative clauses to understand this\nsentence.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are a few exceptional words and constructions which can take both が and\nを. Please see the following questions for details. (Note that these are not\nrelated to your usage of 愛する.)\n\n * With potential expressions: [The difference between が and を with the potential form of a verb.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010)\n * With tai-form: [が vs を in sentences of desire (-たい)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15171/5010)\n * With certain adjectives and verbs: [Usage of ～を好き outside of embedded clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T02:35:11.523",
"id": "62697",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62691",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62691
|
62697
|
62697
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having some trouble understanding the following excerpt (from Tanizaki's\n_Himitsu_ ):\n\n> 甘い匂いのひやひやとした露が、毛穴へ染み入る皮膚のよろこびは格別であった\n\n\"The sweet scented and chilly dew\" does what? \"the delight of the skin that\npenetrated the pores was exceptional\"? Help me!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-06T23:32:50.480",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"parsing",
"relative-clauses",
"literature"
],
"title": "Trouble with a small excerpt from Tanizaki's Himitsu",
"view_count": 125
}
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[
{
"body": "> ［甘い匂いのひやひやとした露が、毛穴へ染み入る］皮膚のよろこびは格別であった。\n\n甘い匂いのひやひやとした露が、毛穴へ染み入る is a relative clause modifying 皮膚. \nThe subject of 染み入る is 甘い匂いのひやひやとした露.\n\nThe sentence roughly means something like.....\n\n> \"The delight of the skin [into the pores of which the sweet scented and\n> chilly dew penetrated] was exceptional\" / \"The delight of the skin [when the\n> sweet scented and chilly dew penetrated its pores] was exceptional.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T00:17:34.970",
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"body": "While reading naruto's answer to [Difference in sentences (と and\nに）](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62688/difference-in-\nsentences-%E3%81%A8-and-%E3%81%AB), I realized that although キス is an\nintransitive verb in Japanese, the English _kiss_ is almost always used as a\ntransitive verb. Some other examples of this are アクセス and リベンジ. My question is\nthus is there a reason why primarily transitive English words when converted\nto Japanese could become primarily intransitive words?\n\nMy expectation is that primarily transitive English words like _to google_ or\n_to master_ to become primarily transitive Japanese words and primarily\nintransitive English words like _jump_ to become primarily intransitive\nJapanese, which is true for at least those three cases. Is the way words like\nキス became incorporated into Japanese different from words like マスター?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T17:56:13.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Transitive English words becoming intransitive 外来語",
"view_count": 657
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"body": "There should be exceptions, but I suppose this is largely based on the\ntransitivity of the original Japanese verb before it was replaced by the\nloanword.\n\n * (～に)キスする = (～に)口づけする\n * (～に)アクセスする = (～に)進入する/接続する\n * (～に)リベンジする = (～に)復讐する\n * (～に)コンサルトする = (～に)相談する\n * (～に)タッチする = (～に)触れる\n\nWhen the original Japanese verb is transitive, the loanword version is also\ntransitive.\n\n * (～を)スタートする = (～を)開始する\n * (～を)テストする = (～を)試験する\n\nOccasionally, an English intransitive verb can be borrowed as a transitive\nsuru-verb:\n\n * (～を)リタイヤする = (～を)退職する = to retire _from_ ～\n\nMany loaned suru-verbs are not even based on English verbs, so it's not\nsurprising if transitivity is ignored :)\n\n * (～を)マイナスする = (～を)減算する\n * (～を)リストラする = (～を)解雇する\n * (～を)オンエアする = (～を)放送する",
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{
"body": "In linguistics, transitivity is a complex thing. In fact, it's not as simple\nas \"transitive\" vs \"intransitive\". Apparently, there's a scale, and English is\noverall higher on it than Japanese.\n\nThis means that the brackets of \"transitivity\" are placed a bit differently in\nJapanese and in fact contain fewer verbs than in English. Something that may\nbe considered an \"object\" of a transitive action in English is more likely to\nfall into the \"necessary extended argument\" (recipient/beneficiary/theme) of\nan intransitive verb in Japanese. Especially if the typical \"object\" of that\nverb is a person that has agency independent of our own, or if we are not\ndirectly affecting that thing with the action in question.\n\nI think the general rule of thumb is this:\n\n**Is the action being done directly ON the object (を) or TO the object (に)?\nDoes the subject/agent have power over the object? Does the state of the\nobject change?**\n\n_(Movement verbs in Japanese are weird in this context, I'd love to see\nsomeone's thoughts on that)_\n\nThus in Japanese, we are doing an act of revenge \"to someone\" and not \"on\nsomeone\", a person being kissed is not a direct object (ideally we don't force\nhim/her) but a recipient, and when we're accessing something, we're not\nchanging it.\n\nI think that's also why in Japanese \"like\" is intransitive (\"something is\nliked\", we're not affecting it in any way by liking it), \"to understand\" is\nintransitive (because we're not affecting the area that is being understood,\nand understanding is a state that we reach with little agency over the\nprocess) and \"to know\" is transitive (and refers in fact to that moment in\nwhich we \"got to know\" the information, thus we have some agency over that\ninformation, it's more direct).\n\n* * *\n\n_(You may want to stop reading now, because it's about to get a bit more\ntechnical and skim the edges of rambling...)_\n\nAs I understand it, there are two types of transitivity: **semantic** (what\nsomething means) and **syntactic** (how it's coded by the language). These\naren't always the same thing.\n\nSemantically, there are four (and not two) types of verbs (examples are from\nEnglish):\n\n * strictly intransitive, e.g. arrive, chat\n * strictly transitive, e.g. recognize, like\n * ambitransitive verbs, where Subject=Agent, verbs allowing \"indefinite object deletion\", e.g. follow, win, eat, read (there's an object, we just don't say it explicitly: when we say \"I read\" there's a book or newspaper in there somewhere, we just don't mention it)\n * ambitransitive verbs, where Subject=Object, called also \" _inchoative-causative_ \"* verb pairs, e.g. melt, trip (one may argue that those are just two different verbs in a pair, which in some languages just \"look the same\", so in English \"to break something\" semantically doesn't equal \"to break on its own\" - in this light the existence of transitive/intransitive verb pairs in Japanese is a natural thing, and English is the weird one)\n\nDepending on the language, the verb can fall into different categories.\n\n_inchoative_ = denoting an aspect of a verb expressing the beginning of an\naction, typically one occurring of its own accord.\n\n[[source]](http://www.grammaticalfeatures.net/features/transitivity.html)",
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"body": "I'm aware that 下町 means downtown, and 職人魂 means craftsmanship, but what does\nit mean when the two are brought together?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-07T21:05:34.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the phrase \"下町職人魂\"",
"view_count": 254
}
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[
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"body": "A better way to understand that phrase is 下町+職人+魂. As you said, 下町 means\ndowntown/old town, 職人 means craftsman and 魂 means spirit/soul. So, putting\nthem all together, you get something along the lines of the `old town\ncraftsman spirit`. I imagine this is talking about some unique characteristics\nof the craftsmen who work in the old town.",
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"creation_date": "2018-11-07T22:28:49.917",
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"body": "職人魂 is simply \"soul/pride of a craftsman\" or \"craftsmanship\", but I think\ninterpreting 下町 as \"downtown\" is misleading. 下町 refers to the following\nconcept described in Wikipedia:\n\n> ### [Yamanote and\n> Shitamachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanote_and_Shitamachi)\n>\n> Shitamachi is the traditional name for the area of Tokyo including today the\n> Adachi, Arakawa, Chiyoda (in part), Chūō, Edogawa, Kōtō, Sumida, and Taitō\n> wards, the physically low part of the city along and east of the Sumida\n> River.\n>\n> Generally speaking, the term Yamanote has a connotation of \"distant and\n> cold, if rich and trendy\", whereas \"Shitamachi people are deemed honest,\n> forthright and reliable\".\n>\n> The inhabitants of Yamanote were thought of as espousing modernising ideals\n> for their country, based on Western models. The people of Shitamachi, on the\n> other hand, came to be seen as representatives of the old order and\n> defenders of traditional cultural forms.\n>\n> Shitamachi is associated with petty entrepreneurs, restaurant owners,\n> **small shop-owners and workshops** , while Yamanote suggests the business\n> executive, and the office worker.\n>\n> After a long period of post-war economic decline, in the 1980s a \"Shitamachi\n> boom\" emerged, with increased interest in and celebration of Shitamachi\n> culture and history, in particular during the Edo period. **Shitamachi\n> culture is thus depicted as more authentic and traditional** (while Yamanote\n> Tokyo is the present and future), and its valorisation has been described as\n> a refuge from the rapid modernisation of the economic boom years.\n\nUntil relatively recently, 下町 was mainly associated with the good old\nlifestyle of people in the past. But after the success of [_Shitamachi\nRocket_](https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2015/12/21/shitamachi-rocket-\ngoes-out-a-big-winner/), many people started to celebrate \"shitamachi-ism\"\neven in the context of industrial manufacturing. 下町職人魂 is an opposing concept\nof the automated, highly-standardized, mass-production industry which is\nsometimes seen as inhumane. A stereotyped 下町職人 works at a smaller workshop and\nrelies more on things like humanity, traditional apprenticeship, so-called\n[_monozukuri_ spirit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodzukuri), manual work\nand individual skills. It is widely believed that some 下町 workers are able to\nmake best-quality products (even better than those made by large companies)\nowing to their sincerity and individual skills.",
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{
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"body": "Let me disassemble this construction bit by bit to see if I get it right, ok?\n\nSo, の is the explanatory particle. The らしくな part comes from らしい. So らしくない is\nits negation. Now, I imagine that てきた is the motion 'suffix', right? So it\nwould mean that something is 'coming to seem like' something else. This is\nactually how google translates it. My question is, why is らしい in the negative?\nWouldn't it mean that something 'is not coming to seem like' something else?\nPlus... the てきた 'suffix' (I'm calling it a suffix for lack of knowledge of a\nbetter word, sorry) comes from the て-form + くる. らしい, however, is not a verb,\nso where does the て-form come from?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T01:14:17.313",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-08T02:27:26.800",
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"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Desconstructing らしくなってきたの",
"view_count": 117
}
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[
{
"body": "> [...] why is らしい in the negative?\n\nIn fact, it is not the negative form. Brush up on い-adjectives conjugations.\n\nYou see, you're almost right on everything but that's らしい + なる, in the\nconstruction expressing something \"becoming something/some way\".\n\nIn this case that is done by adding く + なる because らしい conjugates as an\nい-adjective.\n\nSo, らしくなる.\n\nWhat happens next is simply the て-form plus きた.\n\nHence らしくなってきた.\n\nAs you see, there is no negative. To wrap it up:\n\nらしい → らしくなる → らしくなって → らしくなってきた\n\nTo be negative you would have to add an extra なく:\n\nらしくない → らしくなくなる → らしくなくなって → らしくなくなってきた\n\n* * *\n\nTo explain a little more, let's review a moment this form of expressing\nchanges.\n\nThis is the basic construction rule:\n\n> い-adj （－い＋く）＋なる Example たかい >>> たかくなる\n>\n> な-adj （－な＋に）＋なる Example きれいな >>> きれいになる\n>\n> nouns （＋に）＋なる Example せんせい >>> せんせいになる\n\nAnd when it comes to negative:\n\n> い-adj （－い＋く）＋ならない Example たかい >>> たかくならない\n>\n> な-adj （－な＋に）＋ならない Example きれいな >>> きれいにならない\n>\n> nouns （＋に）＋ならない Example せんせい >>> せんせいにならない\n\nWhich is basically the usual construction conjugating the verb なる into its\nnegative form.",
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"body": "I keep on trying this type of jlpt questions and I keep on failing. Do you\nhave any recommendation on what to read or what to review?\n\nAn example question that I answered wrong is :\n\n 2. れいぞうこにくだもの__ * __ __ が あります。 A. が B. と C. 三つ D. ぎゅうにゅう\n\nMy answer is D because this is how I arranged it : と ぎゅうにゅう が 三つ but the\ncorrect answer is C which confused me. Why? How do they know that there are 3\nfruits? Why not 3 milk?\n\n\n\n*edit: The main question here is : Do you have any recommendation on what to read or what to review or how to attack these type of question? (Not just the example I have given which people tag as duplicate, I am concerned with this sentential type of question)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T04:05:03.227",
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"id": "62712",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-18T00:17:45.920",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"jlpt",
"conjunctions",
"sorting-order"
],
"title": "JLPT sentence order section",
"view_count": 620
}
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[
{
"body": "Rather than just solving your exercise (which is not the point of this website\nanyway) I'll try to give you general suggestions about how to approach this\nkind of problem.\n\n**1. Understand the context.**\n\nWhat is the sentence talking about? It's an obvious question but it's\nimportant.\n\n_Exam tip:_ If you have no clue or it's too difficult, maybe with some\nkanji/words you really don't know, you might want to consider just guessing\nand moving forward rather than wasting time. Or you might leave it blank and\ngo back to it in the end if you have extra time, which you probably won't.\n\n**2. Analyze the clause.**\n\nWhat is the topic? Who is the subject? What is the object? It seems trivial\nbut it's really the most important thing to do.\n\n**3. Put the particles in place.**\n\nPoint 2 is crucial to understand where the particles go. Where do you have to\nput は、が、に, etc? If you are unsure, use logic!\n\nLet's take the second sentence as an example (number 3 in your sheet):\n\nFrom the grammar you have studied, you should know that 入る wants が... oh, so\nthat が most likely goes before that verb. This at least makes you put が入って\ntogether. Can this follow に？ Wouldn't make much sense right? So you know also\nthat the first _ is not が. Following similar logic you can guess that out of\nall the remaining options, only いたい makes sense before です. So you also have\nthe last _. Hence, just with logic, we can conclude that only 何か can go in the\nfirst place.\n\nTherefore,\n\n> 目の中に何かが入っていたいです.\n\nNote that this has been derived only with logic/common sense, with only a\nminimal need for grammar knowledge/translation!\n\n**4. Link the adjectives.**\n\nAgain, use logic. If you have adjective to place, they most likely have to be\nattached to a noun. See question 5 in your post? ハンサムな is an adjective. You\nonly have two nouns to choose from うた、and 人. It's not hard then to understand\nwhich one you have to attach it to. Doing this, you have already covered one\nblank. What remains? A noun うた, an adjective plus a verb 上ずで (notice that で is\nです without the す as it is connecting what's coming next. See this [related\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34407/why-is-this-\nsentence-not-\nseparated-%E5%9C%A7%E7%9D%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%9B%B3%EF%BC%91-%EF%BC%92%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E3%81%AB%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8A%E8%BE%BC%E3%81%BF%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E5%86%85%E5%81%B4%E3%81%AB%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%81%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%9D%80%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99/34409#34409)),\nand が. So where does everything go? Certainly が doesn't go in first place,\nwhich leaves two options, of which really only うた works. In turn, then it is\neasy to conclude that the only thing that makes sense is:\n\n> 佐藤さんは、うたが上手でハンサムな人です。\n\nAgain, we only mostly used simple logic.\n\n**5. Go by exclusion.**\n\nBasically this includes a lot of what I mentioned in points 3. and 4. already.\nWhen in doubt, simply exclude obviously wrong possibilities.\n\nLet's look at question 6 for this and assume you don't remember the たり・たり・します\ngrammar (cause if you did, this one would be easy).\n\nBefore the first blank you have 本を. Well, certainly したり or します cannot go\nthere... you don't \"do a book\" right? Same for さんぽを. It sounds strange to have\ntwo objects one after the other right? After all you expect a verb after that\nを. This leaves just one possibility: 読んだり.\n\nSo we get 。。。本を読んだり＿ ＿ ＿.\n\nLet's iterate the exclusion process. Again したり doesn't work, there is no\ndirect object before. します could work, if it was the end of the sentence. Even\nif you don't remember this grammar, ending with します sounds good, if you have\nno other options. But it's not the end of the sentence. So the only option\nleft is さんぽを.\n\nSo we get 。。。本を読んだりさんぽを＿ ＿。\n\nBecause of what I just said above, from here you can easily conclude that.\n\n> 休みの日は本を読んだり、さんぽをしたりします。\n\n* * *\n\nNow, your first example is actually a bit tricky. It's hard to go by exclusion\nbecause the first thing that comes to mind is to put that と right after くだもの.\n\nBecause from point 1. of my tips you understand that we are talking about\nstuff that is in the fridge. And there is fruit and milk. So makes sense that\nyou expect くだものとぎゅうにゅう.\n\nHowever, if you try to build it from there, you cannot arrive to anything that\nmakes sense. If you used the exclusion principle I talked about, you would\nrealize you reach to a point where something is odd.\n\nBut still it's tricky to understand. The point is that that がみつが doesn't make\nmuch sense. Again without mentioning grammar, if you think about it what does\nit really mean? There are 3 milks? Or 3 fruits? Or 3 or both?\n\nThis means that probably there is a better option, which is:\n\n> れいぞうこにくだものが三つとぎゅうにゅうがあります。\n\nEven if you don't understand the grammar exactly, the sentence should make\nmuch more sense this way: there are 3 fruits and milk. No possibility of\nconfusion.\n\n* * *\n\nTo conclude, maybe mine is not a perfect method, but it should help getting\nthrough this type of questions even when you have no clear grasp of the\ngrammar behind. Logic is a great weapon, and it allows you to get to the right\nanswer with less information than you think you need.\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nLet me add 3 good points in an [answer by\nNaruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56668/listing-two-\ndifferent-object) that has been linked to in a comment.\n\nTo understand your first sentence you have to know:\n\n * How to use と (to) to list two or more nouns \n * [Two ways to count things](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/17816/how-to-list-numbers-of-things) and how to use it in combination with と \n * 果物 is always \"countable\" with つ/個 (tsu/ko), while 牛乳 is not counted like this.",
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"accepted_answer_id": "62717",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'd like to know what ～じゃてえ exactly means when located at the end of verbs\nand/or adjectives. Do young people use it rhetorically?\n\nThe whole sentence is:\n\n> なのにのう ズイブンじゃてえ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T04:33:04.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62714",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-17T03:43:37.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-17T03:43:37.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"dialects",
"role-language"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the slang ～じゃてえ?",
"view_count": 389
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not a recent slang word but a dialectal form of だって or だな. It's probably\nstill in use in some parts of western Japan*, but it may be best to consider\nit as [a stereotyped role word of old people and people in rural\nareas](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23690/5010).\n\n* Both のう and じゃ are actively used in reality in [Setouchi region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setouchi_Region). Some source say じゃて(え) is Okayama dialect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T11:32:34.787",
"id": "62717",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
62714
|
62717
|
62717
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62718",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm fond of Unicode and what romanization attempts. My goal is to get a first\nlatin char (for sorting purposes) of a non-latin character - so far I\nsucceeded by transcribing Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Katakana, Hiragana, Hangul\n(including all its syllables), Berber, Thai and Arabic letters by assigning\nthe most appropriate starting letter to each case.\n\nI also know that multiple systems for transliterations and transcribings (and\nromanization) exist - so far their differences are almost irrelevant for my\nneeds. I'm not fond of Japanese itself - at most I might be able to recognize\nEnglish terms written in Katakanas.\n\nMy problem is: how to assign Unicode code points U+4E00 thru U+9FFF by\nalgorithm? For Hangul syllables this is quite easy: U+AC00 thru U+B097 => K\n(as all of them start with that); U+B098 thru B2E3 => N. I've looked at JS\nsolutions like <https://github.com/hexenq/kuroshiro/> and\n<https://github.com/WaniKani/WanaKana/>, but I only find the code for\nprocessing Hiraganas and Katakanas (which I already got), never Kanjis\n(although all of their demos succeed in processing them).\n\nIs there a table or dictionary? If romanization of Kanjis is achieved thru\nfirst converting each Kanji into Katakanas, then how to achieve that?",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T11:28:35.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62716",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:58:35.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31873",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"rōmaji",
"unicode"
],
"title": "Kanjis to Romajis first letter",
"view_count": 733
}
|
[
{
"body": "**EDIT** : It turned out that OP did not know most kanji have multiple\nreadings in Japanese. He is actually trying to get the reading of **words**\n(e.g., 生地 → K, 生卵 → N, 生命 → S, 生霊 → I). For this purpose, a word-based\ndictionary is needed. There are several open source morphological analyzers\nthat can do the job and more\n([kuromoji](https://www.atilika.com/en/kuromoji/),\n[mecab](https://github.com/neologd/mecab-ipadic-neologd),\n[Kagome](https://github.com/ikawaha/kagome), etc). See also: [Is it possible\nto algorithmically convert Japanese text to\nRomaji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56640/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n### Original Answer\n\nCJK unified ideographs are sorted based on\n[radicals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_\\(Chinese_characters\\)), not\nreadings. This is because it's impossible to determine the reading of those\ncharacters in one way. The Unicode Consortium provides [**Unihan\nDatabase**](http://unicode.org/charts/unihan.html), which can display the\nrepresentative readings of CJK ideographs written in simple Latin alphabet.\nFor example, here is the result for a very basic ideograph 日 (U+65E5; \"day\",\n\"date\", \"sun\", etc):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sWUOC.png)\n\nThe table says the \"first roman letter of 日\" is `J` in Cantonese, `R` in\nMandarin, `H-or-K-or-N-or-J` in Japanese and `I` in Korean. To understand\nwhat's going on here, please keep in mind that the 'CJK Unified Ideographs'\nblock has characters used in Chinese, Korean and Japanese jumbled together.\nEach character is read differently in different languages. Especially in\nJapanese, one character [can have many\nreadings](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/onyomi-kunyomi/) depending on the\ncontext. To make matters worse, there are some characters [whose readings are\ntotally unknown](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/35856/5010). If you can\naccept all those limitations and still want the Latin readings anyway, go\nahead and use the database according to your needs. If you're only interested\nin _Japanese_ kanji, a reasonable method would be to pick the first letter of\nthe `kJapaneseOn` field (or the first letter of `kJapaneseKun` if there is no\n`kJapaneseOn`).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T12:35:17.523",
"id": "62718",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:58:35.993",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
62716
|
62718
|
62718
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62722",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating a song and came across this line:\n\n> > 感じなくなっちゃえばいい\n\nAt first I thought it was:\n\n感じる in negative te-form + しまう in conditional ば form + いい\n\nBut I think there's something wrong or something I'm ignoring. If I rewrite\nthe sentence the way I think it is, it would be like:\n\n> > 感じる ---> 感じなくて\n>>\n\n>> ~てしまえば ---> ~ ちゃえば\n\n>>\n\n>> いい\n\nSo my guess would be :\n\n感じなくちやえばいい\n\nWhy is there a 'なっ' before 'ちやえば'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T15:05:49.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62720",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T18:40:11.733",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-08T18:40:11.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Negative (te-form) + しまう",
"view_count": 591
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you noticed, if that were the 感じる in negative te-form, it would be 感じなくて as\nopposed to 感じなくな. That's why in reality it's 感じる + なくなる in te-form. Note that\nなくなる is the adverbial form of ない + なる.\n\n> 感じる ---> 感じ\n>\n> なくなる ---> なくなって\n>\n> ~てしまえば ---> ~ ちゃえば\n>\n> いい",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T16:27:49.813",
"id": "62722",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T18:13:45.323",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62720
|
62722
|
62722
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't know if it's written in hiragana but I have knowledge that kuso means\n\"shit\". Why do kids use that term so much? Isn't it offensive or considered a\nbad word? I am asking this because it's not normal in European countries\n(where I am at least) for kids to use often bad words.\n\nSo, isn't it offensive?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T15:34:54.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62721",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T11:32:25.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Why do people use the word \"くそ\"?",
"view_count": 301
}
|
[
{
"body": "くそ is a coarse word which can also be vulgar, but it is not the same as saying\n'shit' in English, which is a stronger word. It depends on how it's used\n(context, tone, etc) and it's more likely to be used by males than females. It\ncould be as mild as 'damn' depending on the usage, but I'd say it's generally\nsomewhere between 'damn' and 'shit', and closer to the 'damn' side. If that\nmakes sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T19:58:47.817",
"id": "62725",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T19:58:47.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "くそ is curse word, we don't learn it's forbidden word in childhood. So we don't\nhave such education, if you watch japanese tv, you can hear the exact words\nwithout sound effects.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T11:32:25.797",
"id": "62753",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T11:32:25.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "62721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
62721
| null |
62725
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A more specific question regarding a [reply i got from a more long winded\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62567/%E5%AF%BE%E8%B1%A1-intransitive-\nverbs-vs-%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0-intransitive-verbs-when-\ntaking-%E3%81%AB/62663#62663). Hopefully i can expand this to other\nsituations.\n\n> Aくんも私と同じように、恋に破れて泣く日が来るんだろうか\n>\n> ～に破れる means either \"to be defeated by ～\" or \"to be heartbroken regarding ～\"\n> depending on the context.\n>\n> A-kun just like me, is \"broken due to\" love, ....\n\ncompared something such as\n\n血に飽きたときは、まぁ……これで代用できなくもないわね (as a vampire)\n\nDuring times when i'm \"tired of\" blood, ...\n\nIf I were to rewrite this as:\n\n> Aくんも私と同じように, 血に飽きて戦い続けてはいられない.\n>\n> A-kun just like me, has had enough due to the blood, ...\n\nor is\n\n\"A-kun just like me, is tired of the blood, ...\" the only way to read it?\n\n* * *\n\nSimilarly, why can't you read Aくんも私と同じように、恋に破れて泣く日が来るんだろうか as\n\n\"A-kun just like me, his love(relationship) is broken, ....\n\n* * *\n\nwhy or why not?\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T19:53:40.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62724",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:23:50.070",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-08T22:27:11.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "flexibility of meaning between 恋に破れる vs 血に飽きた",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not really sure what are you asking about, but 血に飽きたときは、まぁ……これで代用できなくもないわね\nmeans \"when you are fed up with blood, you could substitute this (for blood)\",\nand Aくんも私と同じように, 血に飽きて戦い続けてはいられない means \"A-kun, just like me, can no longer\nkeep fighting after being fed up with blood\".\n\nLikewise, Aくんも私と同じように、恋に破れて泣く日が来るんだろうか means \"Will A-kun get his heart broken\nand cry someday just like me?\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T01:20:57.777",
"id": "62738",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T01:20:57.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62724",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "A set phrase is a set phrase. There is normally only one way to interpret it.\n\"Look at the school!\" usually means observing the school itself, not observing\nsomething else after going to the school, even though a dictionary clearly\nsays _at_ marks the place where the action happens. It's because _to look at\nX_ is an English set phrase. By convention, the combination of _look_ and _at_\nhas a fixed meaning. Likewise, \"I'm interested in the room\" does not usually\nmean I feel interested while I am sitting in the room.\n\nX **に** 飽きる almost always translates to _to be tired **of** X_ or _to get\nbored **with** X_. These are fixed set phrases with the shared fixed meaning.\nYou have to memorize them. Although the Japanese particle に and the English\nprepositions _of/with_ have lots of functions, practically speaking, there is\nno ambiguity here.\n\nThat being said, sometimes a combination of a verb and a particle has more\nthan one meaning depending on the noun used with it. The function of に in\n暗闇に光る and the function of に in 汗に光る are different. The function of に in\nブラジルに敗れる and the function of に in サッカーの試合に敗れる are different. Again, this is\nsomething you have to memorize.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T02:23:50.070",
"id": "62742",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:23:50.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62724",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62724
| null |
62742
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62728",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I stumbled on this 例文 :\n\n> 韓国人の友人によると、中国では韓国語学習者が増えているらしい。\n\nwith the english translation that follow :\n\n> According to my Korean friend, the number of the learners of Korean is\n> increasing.\n\nthe 中国では part is what bothering me, even more after finding on Jisho and\nejje.weblio :\n\n> 中国 \"3.central part of a country; main region Only applies to ちゅうごく\"\n\nI've always seen 中国 as China, but now i'm wondering if there could be another\nuse of this word, since this sentence doesn't clearly say \"China\", maybe I'm\njust overcomplicating all this, but I'm really curious!\n\n> So : \" In China there is more and more ppl learning Korean \"\n>\n> or : \" Yeah in _THAT COUNTRY_ there is more and more people learning Korean\n> \"\n\nCan 中国 be really use as to describe ANY COUNTRY's \"central part/main region\"?\n\n(Or can you give me an example where this meaning is correctly used?)\n\nありがとう~ edit: spelling",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T20:02:22.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62726",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T09:46:50.827",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T09:46:50.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "29927",
"owner_user_id": "29927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Question about \"中国\"",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "This seems like just a simple omission in the translation, which should be \n\"According to my Korean friend, the number of learners of Korean **in China**\nis increasing\". Unless there is specific context to indicate otherwise, the\nmost obvious usage usually makes the most sense.\n\nAlso, although 中国 can describe central regions, it is usually specified by\nattaching some other word. For example, in Japan there is 中国地方 the central\nregion of Honshu. You could certainly just use 中国 as an abbreviation of that,\nas long as it was understood that is what you meant. But in general 中国 on its\nown refers to China.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T20:11:04.000",
"id": "62728",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T20:21:54.023",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-08T20:21:54.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62726
|
62728
|
62728
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62729",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 私はかんじをべんきょうします。\n\nThis literally says \"I study kanji\".\n\nBut I would like to say \" _This is how_ I study kanji.\" or \"I will _show you\nhow_ I study kanji\".\n\nCan anyone help with this structure?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T20:09:35.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62727",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T13:57:23.293",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T13:40:21.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"sentence"
],
"title": "How to say \"This is how I do [...]\"?",
"view_count": 716
}
|
[
{
"body": "> これが私の漢字の勉強の仕方です。 \n> This is how I study kanji.\n\nIn general, 'how to do verb'/'way to do verb' is formed by adding 方 to the\nmasu-stem of the verb, e.g. 作り方 = 'way to make. When you add 方 in this way the\nwhole thing acts like a noun. So \"way to make bread\" would become パンの作り方.\n\nする verbs are a little different. For some reason you need to add an extra の,\nso the 'way to study kanji' would be 漢字の勉強のしかた = 漢字の勉強の仕方.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T20:31:44.307",
"id": "62729",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T13:57:23.293",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T13:57:23.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "62727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "One way you could say `this is how i study kanji` is:\n\n> 私は **この方法{ほうほう}で** 漢字を勉強します\n\nI've bolded the difference between this and your original. Let's analyze how\nthe この方法で works. この means `this`, 方法 means `way/means/method`, and で is a\nparticle indicating the method something is done (among other things). Thus,\nthis literally means `I, with this method, study kanji`. I suppose it's\nprobably closer to `I study kanji this way`.\n\nIf you wanted to emphasize `this` you could say:\n\n> これが私の漢字を勉強する方法です\n\nIt's fairly similar to\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/7944/user3856370>'s answer, the only\nthing of note is that 方法 unlike 方 can be directly attached to 勉強する without a\nの.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T21:39:06.100",
"id": "62731",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T21:39:06.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I would say...\n\n> [私]{わたし}は **こうやって** [漢字]{かんじ}を[勉強]{べんきょう}します。\n\nExample:\n\n> ♪ This is the way we sweep the floor \n> So early in the morning \n> 「私たちはこうやって床を掃くのよ 朝早く」\n\nYou could also use 「このように / このようにして」(← sounds a bit more formal)「こういうふうに /\nこういうふうにして」「こんなふうに / こんなふうにして」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T01:23:28.280",
"id": "62739",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:27:31.987",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T02:27:31.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
62727
|
62729
|
62739
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62736",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across phrases like this a couple of times where でいる is used right\nafter a noun instead of the usual Te-form verb + いる:\n\n> どうせ学生 **でいる** なら一番でいたいし\n\nIn this case is it basically just the same as である?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T22:21:17.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62732",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T01:03:32.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What is the meaning/grammar behind noun + でいる?",
"view_count": 1830
}
|
[
{
"body": "いる means to stay and で いる means to remain something or to keep being\nsomething.\n\nIt's different from である in the point that でいる implies that one is in that\nstate for a certain period of time and no longer so when it's expired.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T01:03:32.037",
"id": "62736",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T01:03:32.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
62732
|
62736
|
62736
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was always taught in my textbooks that the last verb in a sentence\ndictates the whole tense of the sentence, e.g:\n\n> 神戸に行って、映画を見ました。 \n> I WENT to Kobe and WATCHED a movie.\n\nHowever, I've started these examples and now I'm confused:\n\n> テレビはAl Goreによって発明されて、今世界中で楽しまれています。 \n> The television WAS created by Al Gore and IS enjoyed all over the world.\n>\n> 眠り猫は眠っている猫の彫刻で、左甚五郎が彫りました。 \n> The sleeping cat IS a carving of a cat asleep and Hidari Jingoro CREATED\n> it.\n\nDoes this mean the tense of the first て form sometimes has to be inferred from\nthe context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T22:38:10.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62733",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-02T14:02:35.510",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T17:29:01.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"tense"
],
"title": "Does the tense of the final verb ALWAYS dictate the tense of an earlier て form verb?",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "The tense of the final verb does not always dictate the tense of an earlier て\nform, but it inferred from context.\n\nVery often, the tense of the て form verb does match the tense of the verb at\nthe end of the sentence, but context is key. You can think of the て form as\nhaving neutral tense, as its tense is always dependent on the rest of the\nsentence.\n\nLooking at your examples:\n\n> テレビはAl Goreによって発明されて、今世界中で楽しまれています。\n\nWe know that television has already been invented, so the only sensible\ninterpretation of this is that it happened in the past. The 楽しまれています doesn't\nforce a present tense.\n\n> 眠り猫は眠っている猫の彫刻で、左甚五郎が彫りました。\n\nIf we can assume that the carving still exists, then the present tense is the\nonly sensible understanding. However, if it had been established that the\ncarving had been destroyed, then in English we'd have used the past tense. In\nreality, Japanese does care about the tense here; you can't really say that\nthe で has a tense. You have to give it one in an English translation, but\ndon't put too much weight on the translation in determining the meaning in\nJapanese.\n\nIn your first sentence, you can use time words to put the て verb into the\npast. It's not the most natural sentence, but it makes sense.\n\n> 昨日神戸に行って、明日映画を見ます。\n>\n> Yesterday I went to Kobe, and tomorrow I'll watch a film.\n\nNote how it changes the nuance as well, though. In your sentence, the\nimplication is that you watched a film in Kobe, now it sounds as though it was\na day trip.\n\nI have read that in good Japanese prose, the て form should be used sparingly\nto join sentences, because it robs the writer of defining the connection\nbetween them. A conjunction would remove any ambiguity.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T01:12:43.410",
"id": "62737",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-16T00:18:40.447",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26175",
"parent_id": "62733",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62733
| null |
62737
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62735",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read [this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62730/how-\nto-say-when-this-kanji-appears-inside-of-anther-kanji-we-will-give-it-the-me)\nin another post:\n\n> でも貝のかんじに **もうひとつ** のいみをつけます。 \n> But we will assign another meaning to the kanji 貝.\n\nPutting aside any other problems with this sentence, I feel that もう一つ isn't\nthe right word to use for 'another' in this context. I may of course be wrong,\nbut I would have gone with 別の or 他の instead, but I can't explain why (maybe\nbecause I'm talking nonsense).\n\nAnyway, I'm now wondering what the difference is between もうひとつ, 別 and 他 when\nused to mean 'another'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T22:42:42.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62734",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-08T23:09:37.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between もうひとつの, 別の and ほかの",
"view_count": 926
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the difference is subtle here.\n\nもうひとつ means _another_ by way of meaning _one other_ or _one more_.\n\n別 can mean _another_ by way of meaning _different._\n\n他 is probably the truest sense of the word _another,_ but there are cases\nwhere you'd use one of the other two in a more natural context.\n\nIn the sense of the given phrase, I think all three utterances work equally\nwell:\n\n> でも貝のかんじにもうひとつのいみをつけます。 \n> でも貝のかんじに別｛べつ｝のいみをつけます。 \n> でも貝のかんじに他｛ほか｝のいみをつけます。\n\nIf もうひとつ was chosen here it was merely because it is probably the first of the\nthree phrases to be introduced in a textbook.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-08T23:00:44.283",
"id": "62735",
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"last_editor_user_id": "21684",
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"parent_id": "62734",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62734
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62735
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62735
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62741",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "日本語の授業の単語を復習しているところですが、「浮き彫り」という言葉が出てきました。 フラッシュカードに書いてあったのは「to be\ndistinct」ですが、辞書を参照したら「throw something into relief」とか「a relief」とあります。\n\n例えば（マック辞書から）\n\n> ▸ 闇の中で白い仮面がくっきりと浮き彫りにされた \n> The white mask stood out in bold relief in the dark.\n>\n> ▸ これで疑獄の深刻さが浮き彫りにされた \n> This threw the seriousness of the scandal into relief.\n\n使い方と実際の意味がわかりません。reliefは法律用語ですか？法律に全然関係していない例文もあるので。",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T01:30:49.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62740",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:48:44.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T02:48:44.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「浮き彫り」の意味・使い方がよくわからない",
"view_count": 250
}
|
[
{
"body": "The type of relief in question isn't disaster relief, it's a [type of\nsculpture called a relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief). There is\nalso a related English idiom [to bring/throw into sharp/stark\nrelief](https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/throw+into+sharp+relief), which\nmeans to distinguish something via contrasting it to another object.\nPresumably, this definition is abstracted from the process of making a relief\nsculpture, where the sculpture is in sharp contrast to the rock.\n\nLet's look at the Japanese definitions for 浮き彫り (from\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%B5%AE%E3%81%8D%E5%BD%AB%E3%82%8A)):\n\n> ① 平らな面に模様や形が浮き出すように彫り上げた彫刻。うきあげぼり。レリーフ。\n>\n> ② ほかのものと区別してそれとはっきりわかること。「争点が－になった」 「両者の違いが－になる」\n\nWe can see that the first definition refers to the sculptural relief and the\nsecond definition is very similar to the English idiom.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T02:00:41.653",
"id": "62741",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T02:00:41.653",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62740",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62740
|
62741
|
62741
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62744",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can we use 青空 and 青い空 interchangeably?\n\nIs there any difference between the two? Which is the most natural?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T03:08:21.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62743",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T03:21:09.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Aozora versus Aoi sora",
"view_count": 1908
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this specific case, yes, 青空 and 青い空 both mean \"blue sky\". When used on\ntheir own, there is no surprising connotation and thus they are\ninterchangeable. But 青空～ in a compound noun can mean \"open-air\" or \"outdoor\"\n(e.g., [青空教室](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%9D%92%E7%A9%BA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A4) is\nnot the same as 青い空教室).\n\nNote that it's not always true for similar pairs.\n[白紙](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%99%BD%E7%B4%99) is not the same as 白い紙, and\n[赤本](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%B5%A4%E6%9C%AC) is not the same as 赤い本.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T03:21:09.697",
"id": "62744",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T03:21:09.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62743",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
62743
|
62744
|
62744
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62768",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the [Dead Tube manga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Tube) I found this\nsentence:\n\n> いいでしょ… たまには自分の命を天秤に乗せたって\n\nThe protagonist is asking a group of people who usually don't risk their life\nto participate in a risky game. What is the meaning of 天秤に乗せる? Is it a fixed\nexpression? Considering the context, I guess it could be translated as \"to\nrisk, to put on the line\", is it correct? Please let me know if you need more\ncontext. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T05:43:43.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62745",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-10T03:46:24.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning of 天秤に乗せる",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "jisho defines 天秤 as \"[(balance)\nscales](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A7%A4)\" and 乗せる main meaning is\n\"to place on (something)\", so 自分の命を天秤に乗せる probably means \"to put one's own\nlife in the balance\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T07:28:02.910",
"id": "62747",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T08:25:41.340",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T08:25:41.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "3358",
"owner_user_id": "3358",
"parent_id": "62745",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "天秤に乗せる/かける is usually a figurative way to say \"to compare the importance (of\ntwo important things)\". For example you can say 命とお金とを天秤に乗せる, etc. In your\ncase, it may be used in the sense of \"to risk (one's life)\", but that's not a\nstandard way to use this idiom.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T03:46:24.887",
"id": "62768",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-10T03:46:24.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62745",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62745
|
62768
|
62768
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62882",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm very curios to know about the meaning of \"お元気ですか?\". This could be the very\nbasic question. But once I asked my office colleague(Japanese Native)\n\"お元気ですか?\". so his reply was very shocking to me. He replied me something like\n\"Do you feel I am sick?\".\n\nBut as per the study I thought Its simple meaning as \"How are you?\". So now\nI'm curios to know some other better option to use Instead of \"お元気ですか\" or I\ndid some mistake at the moment? Please guide/suggest some better options, when\nwe meet usually to person but maybe once in a day.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T05:58:34.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62746",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-17T13:12:01.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30591",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Any better way to ask \"How are you?\" instead of \"お元気ですか？\"",
"view_count": 1604
}
|
[
{
"body": "They tend to take that \"how are you ?\" as a \"are you alright ? / is there a\nproblem ?\" , so I think it is better to not ask as long as you dont think they\nhave a problem.\n\nExample:\n\nA) Your co-worker seems alright today so you just say \"Hi\" and everything is\ngood.\n\nB) Your co-worker seems a bit sick or seems to have a problem. In this case\nyou can ask \"お元気ですか\"\n\nThat's just what I think so I don't know if it helped.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T08:04:02.110",
"id": "62749",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T08:04:02.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31881",
"parent_id": "62746",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "To a co-worker I would use something like \"最近どうですか？忙しいですか？\", etc. instead. If\nyou haven't seen the co-worker for a few months, a \"元気にしてましたか？\" would sound\nnatural as well I think.\n\nIf you want to fill silence when with a co-worker I recommend you make obvious\nobservations about the weather; \"寒いですねぇ\" or \"暑いですねぇ\", \"明日台風がくるみたいですねぇ\", etc.\n\nお元気ですか is translated as \"how are you\" but it's just not used as often as \"how\nare you\" in English.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-17T13:12:01.423",
"id": "62882",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-17T13:12:01.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7935",
"parent_id": "62746",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62746
|
62882
|
62882
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can we read ー行き as \"iki\" talking about trains bound for some stations?\n\nFor example,\n\n> この列車は東京行きです。\n\n[Here](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D) they say\nwe should read it as \"yuki.\"\n\n[Here](https://jisho.org/search/bound%20for) I see that \"iki\" is used to mean\n\"bound for\". But the example sentence is not about a station.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T07:32:05.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62748",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-10T04:05:57.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Iki versus Yuki meaning \"bound for\"",
"view_count": 1958
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think both options are perfectly fine, and I do not even remember which is\nmore common after using Japanese buses and trains thousands of times. But\nmaybe いき is a little bit safer according to other opinions on the net.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T03:38:10.800",
"id": "62767",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-10T04:05:57.490",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-10T04:05:57.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62748",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62748
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62767
|
62767
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62758",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have read some similar answers, which mostly point out とばかりに as meaning \"as\nif to say\", but I am having trouble understanding this meaning in this excerpt\nI have from a manga I'm trying to read:\n\n> 鬼は７００年の眠りから覚めるや否やうさ晴らしとばかりにオレに襲いかかってきた。\n\nWhat I can make out of this, is this:\n\n> As soon as the demon wakes up from its 700 years of sleep うさ晴らしとばかりに it\n> rushed on towards me.\n\nNow, うさ晴らし means distraction... so the demon rushed on towards me as if it was\ndistracted? I don't know how to give this meaning.\n\naddition: Now that I'm rereading the sentence I have another question...\nshouldn't 覚める be in the past tense as well? Because the 'demon RUSHED on\ntowards me as soon as it WOKE up'...\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T11:15:42.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62751",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T09:23:19.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T09:23:19.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does うさ晴らしとばかりに mean in this context?",
"view_count": 651
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Distraction\" isn't really a very good translation of 憂さ晴らし. The word refers\nspecifically to the act of doing something to take your mind off your own\ntroubles (eg. drinking to distract yourself from the stress of work). It's\nkind of like \"letting off steam\". You can derive this meaning fairly easily\nfrom its component parts - 憂さ is a fancy word for \"sadness\", and to 晴らす is to\nclear something up, so an 憂さ晴らし is literally \"clearing up your sadness\" by\ndoing something else.\n\nSo in this case, it sounds like the demon is rushing at the speaker as if to\ntake out all of its pent-up frustration from being sealed away for 700 years\non them.\n\nAs for the tense of 覚める, the structure ～や否や never takes a past-tense verb; the\nverb is always in plain form. This isn't particularly unusual - when linking\nmultiple verbs together, it's usually only the final verb that needs to be\nmarked for tense, since any other linked verbs take place relative to it. The\nsame would apply if we were using a conditional like と (it's always 眠りから覚めると～,\nnever 眠りから覚めたと～). And of course many ways of linking verbs, such as the basic\nて-form, don't even have any room for a past tense conjugation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T14:00:42.980",
"id": "62758",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T14:00:42.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "62751",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
62751
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62758
|
62758
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62756",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in a book.\n\n> もう治らないと言われた目が見えるようになった。これが奇跡でなくてなんだろう\n\nIt doesn't make sense to me at all.\n\nもう治らないのに、なんで奇跡と呼ぶのでしょうか？\n\n翻訳してください。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T12:30:35.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62754",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T13:07:35.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "もう治らないと言われた目が見えるようになった。これが奇跡でなくてなんだろう English Translation?",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "> もう治らないのに、なんで奇跡と呼ぶのでしょうか？\n\nいえ、治ったんです。「治らない」と言われたのに、治ったから、「奇跡」と呼んでいるんです。\n\n> ［『もう治らない』と言われた］目が見えるようになった。\n\n「もう治らない」 is what was said by the doctor. \nもう治らないと言われた is a relative clause modifying 目.\n\nIt literally says: \"My eyes, [which the doctor said wouldn't recover], became\nable to see.\" i.e. \"The doctor said my eyesight would never recover, but I\nregained my eyesight.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T13:07:35.723",
"id": "62756",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T13:07:35.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
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62754
|
62756
|
62756
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider these sentences:\n\n> とし を とっている toshi wo totteiru\n\nmeans 'old', and\n\n> その だんせい は おとしより です。 sono dansei wa otoshiyori desu.\n\nmeans 'The man is old.'\n\nThe website I'm learning Japanese on gave me these sentences, why are there\ntwo different ways old is said and what is the difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T13:01:10.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62755",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-26T19:55:03.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T06:02:34.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "31884",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「年をとっている人」and 「お年寄り」?",
"view_count": 273
}
|
[
{
"body": "年をとっている人 is more literal. It means that someone is old or aged stating\ndirectly that he or she has lived for many years (and therefore he or she is\nold).\n\nお年寄り means elderly person and it is more polite.\n\nAlso note that 年をとる is a verb and お年寄り is a noun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T03:06:24.590",
"id": "66689",
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"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
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"parent_id": "62755",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62755
| null |
66689
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "”私はコンピューターサイエンスを勉強してます。” Do they use the term \"computer science\" in Japanese\nor is there a formal term for this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T20:57:14.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62763",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T22:03:14.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How to say, \"I major in computer science\" or \"I'm studying computer science\"?",
"view_count": 9553
}
|
[
{
"body": "As well as コンピューターサイエンス, the terms コンピュータ科学 and [計算機科学]{けいさんきかがく} are also in\nuse. They all refer to the term 'computer science' in English.\n\nFor majoring in something, you can say 専攻 or 専門. So, 専攻はコンピュータ科学です。or\n専門はコンピュータ科学です。 Or insert the other terms instead.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-09T21:04:49.547",
"id": "62764",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-09T22:03:14.950",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-09T22:03:14.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62763",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62763
|
62764
|
62764
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62984",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across this sentence\n\n> あわやと思ったその時\n\nand I have looked around without success for a translation for あわや. Tangorin\nsimply says it's an adverb meaning 'almost on the verge of happening', but\ngives no example sentences. What does it mean? Maybe the context is\nnecessary... the whole sentence is\n\n> あわやと思ったその時洞から失敬してきた剣がオレを救ってくれた\n\nSo... the sword that was stolen from the cave save me... but what about the\ntime it happen?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T00:40:59.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62766",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-22T03:30:27.530",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-22T03:30:27.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Is あわやと思った an idiom? What is the meaning of あわや?",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "あわや is an adverb to refer to a situation where one escapes a danger by a hair.\nI don't think the word あわ is used in any other context today, so I assume it's\na word from long time ago that survived only in combination with や that adds\nemotion (this use of や is apparently called\n[感動詞](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E))\n\nSo from there hopefully you can understand that あわやと思ったその時 means \"just when I\nthought I'm in great danger\", and you expect something that saved him from\nthat situation would follow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-22T02:50:57.863",
"id": "62984",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-22T02:50:57.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "62766",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62766
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62984
|
62984
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62836",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is it ok to say both 英語教師 and 英語の教師 but not 英語先生, just 英語の先生?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T05:52:39.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62769",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T07:57:33.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-12T20:38:04.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Why is 英語教師 possible but 英語先生 not possible?",
"view_count": 516
}
|
[
{
"body": "An interesting question. It's actually a peculiar feature of the word 先生.\n\nIt may sound confusing, but\n[先生](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/126630/meaning/m0u/) does _not_ literally\nmean \"teacher\" even though it is the most basic word for it today. It is an\nhonorific title addressing a learned person, like \"sir\", \"master\", \"honorable\"\netc.\n\n> **２**\n> 教師・師匠・医師・代議士など学識のある人や指導的立場にある人を敬っていう語。呼びかけるときなどに代名詞的に、また人名に付けて敬称としても用いる。「先生がたにお集まりいただく」「先生、お元気ですか」「鈴木先生」\n\nFor this reason, 先生 can only stand for \"teacher\" when it is used alone, and if\nattached to other nouns, it becomes a form of address.\n\n> 英語教師 _English teacher_ \n> 英語先生 _Mr./Ms. English_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T07:20:31.493",
"id": "62836",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T07:57:33.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T07:57:33.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "62769",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
62769
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62836
|
62836
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62803",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IPDWJ.jpg)\n\n**Situation1:** My close friends offer me 'something' that of no use for me.\nSo I want to reject it by saying 'I have no need for 'that'.\n\n( **Situation 1-1** : I want to sound really rude to my close friend as to\nshow that we're really close that we really understand each other)\n\n( **Situation 1-2** : I want to sound 'rude' to make this 'good friend' stay a\nbit far away from me, but not destroying the relationship to him)\n\n**Situation2** : My parents offer me 'something' that of no use for me. So I\nwant to reject it by saying 'I have no need for 'that'.\n\n( **Situation 2-1** : I don't want to sound rude to my 'half-foster parent' in\nJapan)\n\n( **Situation 2-2** : I want to deliberately sound rude to my blood parent)\n\n**Situation3** : My professor offers me 'something' that I think has no value\nfor the research development. So I want to reject it by saying 'I have no need\nfor 'that'. (Can I just plainly reject him? - Notes: I still need him to help\nwith the project, but I want to convey that his help/assistance doesn't really\nhelp with the project's progress)\n\nHow to say: \"I have no need for 'that'\" \"Sorry, I don't need that\"\n\nHere are some examples I conjured up:\n\n**'that' は/が いらない**\n\n**'that' は/が いらないです**\n\n**'that' は/が いりません**\n\n**'that' は/が いいです。**\n\n**'that' は/が やっぱり 要らない/要りません**\n\n**'that' は/が 結構です**\n\n**'that' は/が構いません**\n\n1.Is there any 'set-phrase' that conveys in a more polite way or roundabout\nway in those three situations?\n\n2.Is there any 'set-phrase' that conveys 'the same feeling' without conveying\nan apology or saying apologetically in those three situations? [ like:\nすいません/すみません/申し訳ありません]\n\n3.How about this:\n\n> **その必要はない** -> Is this okay? or too rude?\n>\n> Is there any set-phrase that we can use to include: **'以外'** for more\n> natural Japanese?\n\nIf possible, please explain the nuances for every answer that you give so that\nwe can learn something (especially from the natives) especially the cultural\ndifference of rejecting offers/help from others. Thanks a lot for all your\nanswers!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T08:00:15.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62770",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T02:55:20.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-10T09:52:50.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "10323",
"owner_user_id": "10323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"phrase-requests",
"culture"
],
"title": "Saying \"I have no need for 'that'\" ('that = insert any phrase') in three different circumstances and in various degree of politeness",
"view_count": 437
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'd probably say like the below.\n\n1: いいよ↓\n\n1-1: 要るかよ、そんなもん\n\n1-2: いい\n\n2: いい\n\n2-1: （あっ…）いえ、お気づかいなく\n\n2-2: 要らないよ↓、そんなもん\n\n3: それは…なくても大丈夫です\n\n> 1.Is there any 'set-phrase' that conveys in a more polite way or roundabout\n> way in those three situations?\n\nNot really. What I associate with \"set phrase\" is お気持ちは ありがたいですが… or so, but\nthat doesn't really work in your situations.\n\n> 2.Is there any 'set-phrase' that conveys 'the same feeling' without\n> conveying an apology or saying apologetically in those three situations?\n\nThere's not particularly a set-phrase but I don't think my examples contain\nsense of apology. I'm not sure what do you mean by \"the same feeling\", but\nanyway there's not.\n\n> その必要はない\n\nIt means \"you don't have to do that\", and is a bit different from what you\nwant.\n\n> that' は/が いらない\n>\n> 'that' は/が いらないです\n>\n> 'that' は/が いりません\n>\n> 'that' は/が いいです。\n>\n> 'that' は/が やっぱり 要らない/要りません\n\nUsing が is wrong in this case because \"that\" is what the opponent has offered.\n\n> 'that' は 結構です\n\nThat sounds fairly stiff and distant.\n\n> 'that' は構いません\n\nIt means that you permit the opponent to do something, and doesn't make sense\nin this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T10:16:40.153",
"id": "62803",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T02:55:20.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T02:55:20.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62770",
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62770
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62803
|
62803
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the meaning and Correct use of all three words. I often saw japanese\nPeople ending there sentences in these words ? Explain",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T11:18:27.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62773",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-24T15:35:47.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference between んだけど、 ですけど 、 けれども",
"view_count": 5034
}
|
[
{
"body": "TL;DR: The meaning is generally the same with all three, with the difference\ncoming from how you choose to structure the sentence around the use of です/だ.\n\nFor 〜んだけど and 〜ですけど, both of these have the same meaning with the only\ndifference between them being their level of formality with です being more\nformal. They are typically used to express exception, clarification, or\ndisagreement. An example might be:\n\nInformal:\n\n> まだ時間【じかん】があるんだけど、本当【ほんとう】に間【ま】に合【あ】う？\n>\n> There's still time, but will I really make it?\n\nFormal:\n\n> 今日【きょう】はいい天気【てんき】ですけど、風邪【かぜ】をひいたので出【で】かけられません。\n>\n> The weather today is good, but since I caught a cold I can't go out.\n\nFor disagreement, it's worth mentioning that it's not uncommon to simply end\nthe phrase without follow-up, for example:\n\n> 今月【こんげつ】はちょっと金欠【きんけつ】ですけど...\n>\n> I'm running a bit low on money this month...\n\nAs for けれども, this is a more formal version of simply saying けど. The meaning is\nthe same as before, with the only difference being that it is not prefaced\nwith です/だ. For example:\n\n> 美味【おい】しそうなレストランに行【い】きましたけれども、あまり美味【おい】しくなかったです。\n>\n> I went to a restaurant that looked tasty, but it wasn't very good.\n\nThere is also だけれども/だけども, which can carry the meaning \"though\", \"much as\", or\n\"while\". Outside of this it is very similar to what is said above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-03T21:56:19.607",
"id": "63230",
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"owner_user_id": "31736",
"parent_id": "62773",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "It is additionally made more confusing by the fact that some people introduce\nthemselves with this at the end of their sentence, like:\n\n> クリスですけど。\n\nIt's more prevalent in phone conversations, and is used to soften your\nintroduction. Maybe a bit like \"sorry to bother you\" or \"it's ___ calling\". An\nexample I found online is:\n\n> A: もしもし、Aです。 B: Aさん、Bですけど。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-24T15:35:47.870",
"id": "84331",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-24T15:35:47.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "42023",
"parent_id": "62773",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
62773
| null |
63230
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've seen this while studying japanese from the JALUP method, is there a\nconcrete difference between また今度 and 今度また Thank you!!!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T13:48:37.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62774",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-10T13:48:37.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31047",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "Difference between また今度 and 今度また",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[] |
62774
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62785",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Conversation after B saved A, A bought some drinks\n\n> A: それじゃ、助けてもらった **礼にならない** 。\n>\n> _well, this is totally not gratitude for saving me (= i will do more to\n> thank you?)_\n>\n> B: べつに、お礼して欲しくて、助けた訳じゃないし。\n>\n> _it's not like I want to you show gratitude, i didn't really save you_\n\na long while later after A and B part ways, A reflects on the entire\nexperience. A did not do anything special for B in particular while they were\ntogether, they just talked about their interests.\n\n> ちっともお礼にならなかったが、数年ぶりに女の子と話せて俺も色々と勉強になった。\n>\n> _(My interaction with B/her) did not show gratitude at all, but ..._\n\nI am confused because normally you would want to show 礼 after being saved,but\nthe speaker is \"denying 礼\" , so that this my roundabout interpretation but it\nis probably incorrect.\n\nAfter reading these:\n\n[よく色々と億劫にならないな。- It's amazing how he doesn't get annoyed at all\nthat](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61316/perspective-\nof-%e5%84%84%e5%8a%ab%e3%81%ab%e3%81%aa%e3%82%89%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-in-this-\nstatement)\n\n[提出に遅れた場合は減点にならない - In the event (case) of a late submission there will not be\na point\ndeduction.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59153/meaning-\nof-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%aa%e3%82%89%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84)\n\nI feel like i don't have a grasp of the distinction between ～にならない as the\nnegative of ～になる and the ～にならない used in things like 話にならない, 洒落にならない, 問題にならない.\n\nSo when i read 礼にならない, i am not sure what is actually being implied until i\nread B's reply.\n\nEven then, \"助けてもらった礼にならない\" and \"ちっともお礼にならなかったが\" still feels very awkward for\nme.\n\nThank you for any clarifications",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-10T21:25:08.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62776",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T16:45:39.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to interpret 礼にならない and ~にならない in general",
"view_count": 339
}
|
[
{
"body": "Although 礼 means “gratitude”, it can also mean something concrete expressing\nthis gratitude, e.g. a word of thanks, a favor, or even some reward (monetary\nor otherwise).\n\n> それじゃ、助けてもらった礼にならない。\n>\n> Just this [drink] is not nearly enough to thank you for saving me.\n>\n> B: べつに、お礼して欲しくて、助けた訳じゃないし。\n>\n> No big deal, it’s not like I helped you expecting something in return\n\nHere, 訳 means “reason”.\n\nIn general, Xにならない can be used to express that X does not reach the desired\nlevel or is impossible,\n\ne.g.\n\n話にならない - useless to talk about, out of question\n\n勝負にならない - no match\n\nHowever, in the linked questions it seems to be used in the more literal sense\nof “does not become/happen”, so you need to be careful and consider context\n(as always).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T12:51:44.463",
"id": "62785",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T13:12:35.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "62776",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62776
|
62785
|
62785
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to my study material, '頭が下がる' means to be respect someone\n(especially for something so good, you cannot imitate it). Obviously it stems\nfrom the fact that lowering your head = bow=respect. However, i've also\nwatched many japanese tv shows, where something along the lines of 'atama\nsagatte' is used to ask someone to literally, physically bow. What is the\ngrammatically correct way to use this phrase in this sense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T05:17:05.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62778",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T12:39:19.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30162",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"object"
],
"title": "How to use '頭を下がる' or '頭が下がる' literally to indicate bowing?",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "下がる is an intransitive verb and 下げる is a transitive verb. So 頭を下がる is\nunnatural.\n\n頭が下がる means \"take my hat off to\", \"to respect someone\" as you said.\n\n頭を下げる means \"apologize\".\n\nOf course, they can have the literal meaning such as \"lower one's head\", \"a\nhead is lowered\".\n\nYou can judge which meaning it is by the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T11:32:29.017",
"id": "62783",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T12:39:19.240",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-11T12:39:19.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "62778",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62778
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62975",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to logically grasp why い-adjectives switch to the ~く form in order\nto form a negative.\n\nFor example:\n\n痛い (is painful)\n\n痛くない (is not painful)\n\nI understand ない to be an adjective. \nい adjectives cannot modify other adjectives. However, い adjectives have an\n\"adverbial\" ~く form that can. From that perspective, it seems to be very\nlogical that adjectives assume the ~く form in order to modify ない. (painful-is\nnot)\n\nThough even that's a bit confusing since it feels more natural to me to think\nof ない as modifying what precedes it...\n\nAm I thinking about this correctly? I'm wondering how this is understood from\nthe Japanese perspective.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T06:49:07.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62779",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-21T19:29:31.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31898",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"negation",
"i-adjectives",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "Logic behind ～く form in the negative form of i-adjectives",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "Some fun trivia:\n\n * ある is the opposite of ない, but ある is a verb and ない is an adjective. How does that make any sense!? The words like 動詞 (literally \"act word\") and 形容詞 (\"descriptive word\") make it sound like words are classified by their meaning, but really they are classified more from the perspective of how they fit the grammar rules, I think.\n * When decorating a verb, like 食べない, ない is technically verbal auxiliary. When decorating an adjective, ない is adjective. Both forms of ない have the same meaning and same 活用形.\n * Then there's some flavors of ない that's neither and just a part of the word stem, like はかない. In other words, it's adding the negative feel to the whole word, but there's no positive version of the word.\n\nYou say it feels more natural to think of ない as a post-decoration of the word\nbefore. As a native Japanese perspective, I feel the same way. This seeming\ncomplication from the grammar perspective, doesn't match up with how we feel\nand treat ない. IMO, this is just the rule failing to intuitively describe how\nwe think about the language.\n\nIn other words, just another day in messy live language of mankind :-)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-21T19:20:33.283",
"id": "62975",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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"score": 5
}
] |
62779
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62975
|
62975
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62784",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Following [this\ncomment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24351/what-are-the-\nprinciples-behind-turning-foreign-language-words-into-\nverbse-g-%E3%82%B0?noredirect=1&lq=1#comment53167_24352):\n\nWhat is the difference in pronunciation or pitch accent between:\n\n * トラブル and トラブる\n * ダブル and ダブる\n\nWhat are the regional differences (if any)?\n\nIs the pronunciation rule generalisable to other pairs of the form ＊＊ル and\n＊＊る?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T09:56:33.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62780",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T01:50:16.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pronunciation Troubles with トラブル and トラブる: Loanwords with both noun and verb ending in ru mora",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "[トラブル]{LHLL} -- [トラブる]{LHHL}\n\n[ダブル]{HLL} -- [ダブる]{LHL}\n\n[バトル]{HLL} -- [バトる]{LHL}?\n\n(I can't think of any other pairs...)\n\nThe verbs seem to have a pronunciation rule:\n\n[サボる]{LHL}、 [テンパる]{LHHL}、 [ハモる]{LHL}、 [パニクる]{LHHL}、 [バグる]{LHL}、 [ググる]{LHL}、\n[スタンバる]{LHHHL} ...\n\nBut I can't find a rule for loanwords ending with ル...\n\n[トラブル]{LHLL}、 [サンダル]{LHHH}、 [ライフル]{HLLL}、 [バトル]{HLL}、 [メタル]{LHH} /\n[メタル]{HLL}、[メダル]{LHH}...\n\nAs for the regional differences: In Kansai, for example, we pronounce these\nverbs like: [サボる]{HHH}、[テンパる]{HHHH}、[ハモる]{HHH}、[パニクる]{HHHH}、[バグる]{HHH}...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T11:40:20.897",
"id": "62784",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 10
}
] |
62780
|
62784
|
62784
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62782",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Searching for 方｛ほう｝が良｛よ｝い in the dictionary, the answer is:\n\n> (after past tense verb) had better (verb) \n> (after negative verb) had better not (verb)\n\nand yet, in a conversation, I hear the sentence:\n\n> **明日のほうがよくね？**\n\nWhy in this sentence, as mentioned in its definition in the dictionary, 方が良い\nis not used after the verb, and what is the correct way to use it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T10:03:45.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62781",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T10:32:00.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to use 方が良い correctly",
"view_count": 285
}
|
[
{
"body": "ほう is a noun that literally means side/way/direction etc. So in a sentence\nlike 食べたほうがいい you can think of it like a relative clause with the meaning \"the\nway where you eat\" is good., i.e. \"you should eat\". So this construction isn't\nquite as special and mysterious as you might think.\n\nIn your sentence 明日のほうがよく you can think of it (very awkwardly) as \"the\ntomorrow side is good\". Why \"the tomorrow side\"? Maybe you are given two\noptions, either let's meet tomorrow or let's meet on Sunday. Which 'side' or\nwhich option is best? This construction is often used to make comparisons in\nJapanese. Sometimes より is used to specify what you are comparing with.\nSometimes より is not used because the comparisons is implied.\n\nSo a translation for your sentence could be:\n\n> 明日のほうがよくね？ \n> Tomorrow is better, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T10:32:00.703",
"id": "62782",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "62781",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62781
|
62782
|
62782
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the opposite of \"ずにはいられない \"? I would like to write the following\nsentence patterns:\n\n憂鬱な日には、お酒を飲まずにはいられないと思う人がいる。 私は、彼ら達とは逆に、憂鬱な日だからと言って、お酒を飲むのが必要ということにはならないと思います。\n\nIs there a more elegant expression than the \"お酒を飲むのが必要ということにはならない\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T14:18:21.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62786",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T14:59:52.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Opposite of ずにはいられない",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about...\n\n「～ずにいられる・～ないでいられる」「～ずにすませられる・～ないですませられる」 or 「～なくても平気・大丈夫」\n\n> 私は彼らとは違い、憂鬱な日でもお酒は飲まずにいられると思います。 \n> 私は彼らと違って、憂鬱な日でもお酒は飲まなくても平気だと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T14:59:52.980",
"id": "62787",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T14:59:52.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62786",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
62786
| null |
62787
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The word 大人びた is in common use in Japanese, but I noticed that I couldn't\nthink of another use of ～びる apart from that.\n[EDICT](https://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-\nbin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=2409210) lists only 大人びた and 鄙びた.\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%8B-614131) lists 田舎びた and\n古びる, although according to a Japanese friend of mine, the standard usage is\n古びた.\n\n**Question 1** : Is ～びる always in the past tense because it expresses a\ncurrent state? Could it be used to describe a future possibility, i.e. using\n大人びる to express that someone will become more grown up. `その子はどんどん大人びるだろう？？`\n\n**Question 2** : Are there other words (apart from those listed above) which\ncontain ～びた and are in common use in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T15:59:04.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62788",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T12:33:27.247",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-12T00:35:20.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words",
"suffixes",
"morphology"
],
"title": "What are the characteristics of the suffix ～びる?",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Question 1: Is ～びる always in the past tense because it expresses a current\n> state?\n\nNo. When you use it in the position of the predicate, what is currently in\nthat state is expressed like その子は大人びている. The same can be applied to modifying\nclauses like その大人びている子, but this time, you can rephrase it as その大人びた子 as well.\n\n> Could it be used to describe a future possibility\n\nYes.\n\n> Question 2: Are there other words (apart from those listed above) which\n> contain ～びた and are in common use in Japanese?\n\nI don't come up with any besides ひなびた, 大人びた and 古びた.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T12:33:27.247",
"id": "62805",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T12:33:27.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62788",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62788
| null |
62805
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\narticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011702601000/k10011702601000.html)\n\n> 日本では、スポーツの選手がコーチなどから暴力やパワーハラスメントを受ける問題が **続きました** 。 \n> The problem of sportsmen receiving violence and harassment from coaches in\n> Japan continued.\n\nI don't understand why 続く is written in the past tense here. If you read the\nrest of the article there is no suggestion that the harassment has come to an\nend. I would have written 続いています.\n\nWhen is it correct to use 続いた and why is it correct in this case?\n\nEdit after @Ringil's comment: I'm familiar with the idea that た represents\ncompletion, and also with ている being a continuation of state. But when I apply\nthese concepts to 続く I get confused. For example つづいている = \"the state of\ncontinuing continues\". This seems like a tautology. How does 続く differ from\n続いている? How can we understand 続いた = \"the continuing is complete\"? Is this\nequivalent to もう続かない? Its sounds from @kandyman's comment that this is not the\ncase. His translation of 'has continued' is more what I would think of as 続いてる\ni.e. we've done some continuing and the state still persists. I've got myself\nvery confused.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T16:04:59.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62789",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T09:31:25.430",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-11T18:23:19.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Usage of the verb 続く in past tense",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's correct to express what happened as \"happened\". Past tense doesn't\nnecessarily guarantee that something ceased.\n\nIn this example, it continues to 日本ユニセフは…考えた, which implies that the former is\na trigger to the latter. So, using past tense is more cohesive to the next\nline.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T09:31:25.430",
"id": "62802",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62789",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62789
| null |
62802
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62798",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was doing some JLPT N2 practice and I came across this:\n\n> あのう、山本先生でいらっしゃいますか。私、先日、先生の講演会で（ ）鈴木と申します。\n>\n> １ ご覧になった\n>\n> ２ お会いになった\n>\n> ３ お目にかかった\n>\n> ４ お伺いした\n\nMy thinking:\n\nSome form of 会った should be filled in the blank. So 1 and 4 are wrong. All of\nthe options don't have a subject. So I don't know whether it is:\n\n> 先生の講演会で先生が会った鈴木\n>\n> the Suzuki that you met at your talk\n\nor\n\n> 先生の講演会で先生と会った鈴木\n>\n> the Suzuki that met you at your talk\n\nTherefore I am not sure between 2 and 3. And apparently the correct answer is\n3.\n\nHow do I know the subject?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T17:05:20.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62792",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T04:19:02.670",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo",
"subjects"
],
"title": "How do I figure out what the implied subject is?",
"view_count": 225
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. ご覧になる is an _honorific_ form of 見る (\"to take a look\", \"to watch\").\n 2. お会いになる is an _honorific_ version of 会う (\"to meet\").\n 3. お目にかかる is a _humble_ version of 会う (\"to meet\").\n 4. お伺いする is a _humble_ version of 伺う (\"to visit\").\n\nOptions 1 and 4 are semantically wrong verb choices. Although は is omitted,\nthe topic of the sentence in question is clearly 私. By starting a sentence\nlike this with 私, the listener would expect you are talking about 私, and\nexpect a humble expression. And the blank is followed by another humble\nexpression 申す. Therefore the subject of the masked verb is 私, and the correct\nanswer is 3.\n\n(In addition, 先生が私にお会いになる and 先生がお会いになった私 themselves sound a little strange to\nme although they do not violate the basic rules of keigo. I don't know why,\nbut if two people met each other and one of them is 私, I strongly feel a\nhumble expression with 私 as the subject is the default choice.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T04:19:02.670",
"id": "62798",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62792",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62792
|
62798
|
62798
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62797",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a post about the validity of お待ちになっております:\n\n> The grammar おVになる is 尊敬語, respect language. You can't use it to talk about\n> yourself. -ておる, on the other hand, is 謙譲語 (well, in the standard dialect at\n> least). So what you said didn't make sense. It's like saying \"I humbly give\n> you the priceless privilege of witnessing me\n> waiting.\"([source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53722/25980))\n\nI don't understand why the same logic can't be applied to お世話になっております even\nthough it's the same structure?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-11T23:33:22.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62796",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T18:01:17.550",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"keigo"
],
"title": "I don't understand how お世話になっております is a valid expression",
"view_count": 465
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I don't understand why the same logic can't be applied to お世話になっております\n\nお世話になっております is not the same construction as `お V になる`. It is originally from\nthe phrase お世話になる or お世話になっている and may have a superficial similarity to `お V\nになる`, but they are different. Some points to consider:\n\n**1.** 世話 is a noun, not a verb. Yes, you can attach する to make the verb 世話する,\nbut you still would not use the `お V になる` construction when making it\nhonorific. You would instead change する to なさる, as that is the appropriate way\nto make する honorific. Nonetheless it is more common to express this from the\npoint of view of the person **receiving** the favor, as this emphasizes how\nindebted they are to be receiving the kindness.\n\n**2.** The いる part of the phrase 世話になっている is changed to the humble form おる to\nbecome なっております. This keeps the phrase suitably humble, as it is the speaker\nwho is being taken care of and thus なる applies to the speaker.\n\n**3.** Third, since the other person is giving 世話, it is correct to make that\nword honorific by adding the prefix お. For example, if you told your wife you\nwould look after the kids while she is away, you would not say お世話する, you\nwould say 世話する as you shouldn't use the honorific お about an action you are\nperforming yourself. *\n\n*( _btw that's meant as an illustrative example - I think there are better ways to say you'll look after the kids such as 面倒をみる)._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T00:13:19.257",
"id": "62797",
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"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62796",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
62796
|
62797
|
62797
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed that in some anime (specifically, the Ace Attorney anime), the\ncharacters often switch between 何だと, 何ですと, and a few other slight variants.\nWhat is the difference between them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T06:57:15.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62799",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T06:55:45.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31909",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 何だと and 何ですと?",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "何だと is a plain form while 何ですと is a polite form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T12:36:15.753",
"id": "62806",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-12T12:36:15.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62799",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Who said 何ですと?\n\n何だと is a more common form, and it's used mainly in fiction by many male\nspeakers and \"strong\" female speakers. It usually sounds [more or less\naccusatory](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/60016/5010).\n\n何ですと is rarer, and it is virtually nonexistent in real-world conversations.\n何ですと is used to show one's surprise (i.e., it's not accusatory), and it is\nmainly used by a sycophantic character who tends to feign politeness. In _Ace\nAttorney_ , 亜内 (Winston Payne) is the typical character who may well use 何ですと.\nYou may also see other speakers say 何ですと jokingly/comically. If 成歩堂 (Phoenix\nWright) said 何ですと, it sounds comical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T06:04:16.450",
"id": "62835",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62799",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62799
| null |
62806
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is the full sentence:\n\n> お酒を飲みすぎると、気持ち悪くなる。\n\nなる here means \"to reach a certain state.\" The rest is easy to translate.\n\nThe only thing that confuses me is く. What does it mean here and why is it\nnecessary?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T08:33:21.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62800",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Why is it necessary to add く in the following なる sentence?",
"view_count": 314
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have to learn how to conjugate i-adjectives when it comes to expressing\nchange using なる. I recently answered a similar question, but that was posed in\na different way so let me just get to the bottomline of what you want to know.\n\nThe basic construction rule when expressing change with なる is the following.:\n\n> い-adj （－い＋く）＋なる Example たかい >>> たかくなる\n>\n> な-adj （－な＋に）＋なる Example きれいな >>> きれいになる\n>\n> nouns （＋に）＋なる Example せんせい >>> せんせいになる\n\nAnd when it comes to negative:\n\n> い-adj （－い＋く）＋ならない Example たかい >>> たかくならない\n>\n> な-adj （－な＋に）＋ならない Example きれいな >>> きれいにならない\n>\n> nouns （＋に）＋ならない Example せんせい >>> せんせいにならない\n\nIn your case 悪い is an i-adjective, hence 悪くなる.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-12T08:42:17.493",
"id": "62801",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Simply put, ～く is one possible conjugated form of i-adjectives, used in\nnegative forms and when the adjective modifies a verb or another adjective\n(examples below).\n\n> くらい → くら **く** ない (negative)\n>\n> わるい → わる **く** なる (adjective+verb)\n>\n> おいしい → おいし **く** 食べる (adjective+verb)\n>\n> たのしい → たのし **く** 過ごす (adjective+verb)\n>\n> やすい → やす **く** ておいしい (adjective+adj)\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T13:42:27.573",
"id": "62819",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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62800
| null |
62801
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62812",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Rosetta Stone, which I use for learning, uses _konnichiwa_ (こんにちは?) as a\ngeneric \"hello\". But when visiting Kyoto and places around there, I have never\nheard anyone actually saying it, not even a single time. Do they use another\nstandard phrase instead? I would like to use a natural phrase to initiate\nconversation with strangers, for reasons like asking for directions and such.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T21:07:16.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62808",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-12T21:15:58.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "31913",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"culture"
],
"title": "How do you say \"hello\" properly in Kyoto?",
"view_count": 2515
}
|
[
{
"body": "こんにちは.\n\nThat's how you properly say hello in Kyoto. One way out of many of course\ndepending on the situation (but I really did not think I had to specify\nthis!). Like pretty much everywhere else in Japan. It's standard Japanese, and\nKyoto is no exception.\n\nNow, if you talk about slang or dialects, it's a different story. However, as\nfar as I know, こんにちは is still a common choice there when it comes to\ngreetings.\n\nConsider this though. Your personal experience is probably too limited to draw\nconclusions just because \"you never heard it\". How long have you been there?\nDid you really spend all your days eavesdropping trying to catch people saying\n\"konnichiwa\"?\n\nOn a side note, I found [this blog](http://tenant-\nplus.com/blog/other/2016/09/6031.html) discussing Kyoto dialect. A very famous\nthing about this dialect is おおきに, which generally means \"thank you\". However,\naccording to this source it is actually used in a much more broad sense:\n\n> 「おおきに」は「ありがとう」という有名な京都弁ですが、\n>\n> 実際の現場ではもっと多様な意味で使われています。\n>\n> 特に商売人の方とお話するときは、\n>\n> **まず開口一番「おおきにぃ～」（＝こんにちは、おはようございます、お邪魔します）、**\n>\n> 話してる途中でも「おおきに！」（＝その通り、同意見です、うれしいです）、\n>\n> 帰りしなにも「おおきに～！」（＝さようなら、また明日、ごきげんよう）\n>\n> と、かなり便利にいろんな意味で使われています。\n\nYou can see on the fourth line that it's also used at the very beginning of a\nconversation and could bear the meaning of こんにちは、おはようございます、お邪魔します.\n\n**EDIT:** _However, according to Chocolate's comment, who I believe is from\nKyoto, this is not entirely correct, so take it with a grain of salt. After\nall, the fact that (supposedly) a Japanese person wrote the blog doesn't\nnecessarily make it true._\n\nJust to add one more thing, you might have heard おはようさん instead of おはようございます,\nwhich is also quite popular. For your reference, you can find a collection of\nexpressions in Kyoto dialect\n[here](http://www.jrtours.co.jp/kyoto_plan/enjoy/archive/200707_dic.html).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T02:46:49.180",
"id": "62810",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Perhaps you have to give up on the idea that \"there should be a perfect\nequivalent of _hello_ in Japanese (or in Kyoto)\". Different languages have\ndifferent sets of greetings. Some common phrases like いってきます and よろしくおねがいします\nare difficult to translate to English.\n\nWhere you expected _hello_ , you might have heard いらっしゃいませ, どうも, もしもし, すみません\nor おつかれさまです instead. None of them are perfect equivalents of _hello_ , but\nused in various situations where _hello_ can be used in English. Indeed,\ntourists are not likely to hear こんにちは, which is mainly used at school and\nworkplaces. In your case, the phrase you need to stop a total stranger on the\nstreet is すみません, which is closer to _excuse me_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T03:07:57.793",
"id": "62812",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T07:01:40.703",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T07:01:40.703",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese greetings depend on many factors.\n\n**Local dialects**\n\nThere are many local dialects and the Kansai region (including Kyoto) famously\nuse their local dialect quite frequently. They'll usually use standard (Tokyo)\nJapanese vocabulary with foreigners as they don't expect you to have learned\ntheir dialect. They might have a slight regional accent but you will be able\nunderstand them (unlike rural areas that they need to give subtitles for on\nnational TV). One notable difference is that they will say おおきに instead of\nありがとう. This is regarded as old-fashioned but they'll still use it if you buy\nsomething from a gift store. However, you won't be greeted in local dialects.\nOther words such as めっちゃ originate from Kansai dialect but are widely used in\nmodern Japanese. Many actors and comedians come from this region so most\nJapanese people are familiar with some Kansai dialect words. However, they\nstill study Japanese in schools and you can use standard Japanese and will be\nunderstood (anywhere in Japan).\n\n**Situation**\n\nMany Japanese greeting depend on the situation. You would not be expected to\nuse these but you may hear them used around you. もしもし (\"hi\") is a greeting\nspecifically for answering the phone for example. Staff will greet you to\nenter a store or restaurant with a more formal greeting いらっしゃいませ (please come\nin). Colleagues will often greet each other with おつかれさまです (you work hard).\nWhen leaving home you say いってきます (I'm leaving) and they reply いってらっしゃい (come\nback soon). When you return home, it is customary to say ただいま (I'm home) and\nbe greeted with おかえりなさい (welcome back). When meeting someone after a long\ntime, they say ひさしぶりです (hey, it's been while). In these cases you could say\nこんにちは but it is not needed in these contexts. You will be understood if you do\nnot use these but it may explain why greetings (such as those discussed below)\nare not used as often as you might expect.\n\n**Time of the day**\n\nUsing こんにちは as a greeting is completely acceptable but it depends on the time\nof day. こんにちは(今日は) is better translated as \"good day\" or \"good afternoon\". In\nthe morning, it's common to use the greeting おはよう (it's early) for \"good\nmorning\". In the evening, they use こんばんは for \"good evening\". Note: おやすみ[なさい]\n\"good night\" is wishing someone a good rest and is not used as a greeting.\n\n**Interacting with strangers**\n\nすみません has far more uses in Japanese than \"sorry\" or \"excuse me\" in English.\nUnderstanding this is important in Japan. These uses include attracting the\nattention of staff at restaurants and store or asking for help such as\ndirections. It's also used a lot to let people know you need to pass by or\napologise for bumping into them (Japanese stores are small and train stations\nare very crowded so you will use this _a lot_ ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T09:27:19.753",
"id": "62815",
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62808
|
62812
|
62812
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do they mean the same thing? What situations should I use one over the other?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-12T22:58:36.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62809",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T04:54:05.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 都市 and 郷?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "都市 is a little stiff word that means \"city\" or \"urban area\". See: [What is the\ndifference between 市, 都市, 都会 and\n市街](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48973/5010)\n\n郷【ごう】 is an uncommon word that roughly means \"countryside\", \"country town\",\n\"town\", etc. It's also a rare name suffix for small districts in some\ntowns/villages. Practically speaking, you probably don't need this word\noutside of [this common\nidiom](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28530/5010).\n\n**EDIT:** -郷【きょう】 is a rare suffix that roughly means \"village\" or \"town\". You\nwould see it only in a few fixed compounds including\n[温泉郷](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E9%83%B7).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T03:34:10.403",
"id": "62814",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T04:54:05.443",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T04:54:05.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62809",
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"score": 3
}
] |
62809
| null |
62814
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62813",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[this is a continuation of this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5472/difference-\nbetween-%e3%81%ab-and-%e3%81%8c-for-intransitive-verbs)\n\ngiven:\n\n歯が欠ける - tooth is chipped; お金が欠けている - money is lacking\n\nand\n\nXXは面白みに欠ける/XXは説明能力に欠ける XX is lacking in 面白み/説明能力\n\nthen with:\n\n>\n> [私は、君に欠けているものを練習するのは絶対に正しいと信じている。](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%AB%E6%AC%A0%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)\n>\n> 君に欠けているもの - \"the things you are lacking\"\n\nMy confusion lies initially with how i would interpret XXは面白みに欠ける. This\nappears similar to XXは試験に受かる.\n\n * In this case, 試験 itself cannot \"pass\", only XX can \"pass\" in regards to the 試験.\n\n * Therefore: XX passed the test ~= XX passed, in regards to the test.\n\n * So: XXは面白みに欠ける - XX is lacking in 面白み/説明能力 ~= \"XX is lacking in regards to 面白み\"\n\nAccording to the link, because \"試験 itself cannot pass\", 試験が受かる cannot be\ngrammatical. This is where 欠ける is different. In 歯が欠ける, 歯 itself can be 欠ける'd.\n\nSo going back to 君に欠けているもの, i don't have the option to interpret it like\nXXは面白みに欠ける. In fact i feel like i can only read it as if it were \"君が欠けているもの\",\njust like 歯が欠ける.\n\n * 金が欠けている - money is lacking\n\n * 君(に/が)欠けているもの - the things you are lacking\n\nIn this case, what is the difference between 君に欠けているもの and 君が欠けているもの?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T02:47:54.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62811",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T06:23:47.983",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "に vs が in 君に欠けているもの",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are two valid ways to use the intransitive verb 欠ける. This is a fact you\nhave to memorize.\n\n * **A** : person + **(に)は** + thing + **が** 欠けている \n\n> * 君(に)は面白みが欠けている。\n> * 彼(に)は説明能力が欠けている。\n\n * **B** : person + **は** + thing + **に** 欠けている \n\n> * 君は面白みに欠けている。\n> * 彼は説明能力に欠けている。\n\n(And you can also use 欠く, the transitive version of 欠ける, and say 彼は説明能力を欠いている.\nBTW, in English you can say \"to lack detail\", \"to lack _in_ detail\" and\n\"detail is lacking\"...)\n\nHow can we form relative clauses from these patterns and say \"the thing which\nyou are lacking\"? The grammar rule you need is explained in detail in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010). In particular,\nplease keep in mind that the topic marker は is not used within relative\nclauses.\n\nFrom pattern A:\n\n> 君には 面白味が 欠けている。 \n> ［君 **に** ＿＿＿＿ 欠けている］ もの\n\nFrom pattern B:\n\n> 君は 面白味に 欠けている。 \n> ［君 **が** ＿＿＿＿ 欠けている］ もの\n\nThat is to say, 君 **に** 欠けているもの and 君 **が** 欠けているもの are interchangeable. They\nmean the same thing. ( **EDIT** : As pointed out in the comments below,\n君に欠けているもの is much more common.)\n\nに here can be understood as \"situation marker\" in both patterns A and B, and\n試験に落ちる might be somewhat closer to pattern B. But let's not try to\novergeneralize.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T03:22:03.010",
"id": "62813",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T06:23:47.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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}
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62811
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62813
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62813
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62821",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have looked into it, but I can't find the answer. \nWhen I say 'around', I mean walking along the perimeter of the lake and\nreturning to the same place we started at. \nGoogle Translate says that it is Burley Griffin湖を歩きます. \nMy guess is:\n\n> 「バーリーグリフィン湖一周に歩きます。」\n\nIs that correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T10:30:41.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62816",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-13T14:41:37.420",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-13T14:41:37.420",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29436",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say 'around', as in \"Walk around Lake Burley Griffin\"",
"view_count": 438
}
|
[
{
"body": "So, let's talk about noun phrases that might be used to express the concept of\na walk around something.\n\n> xx一周ウォーク\n>\n> xx一周ウォーキング\n>\n> 徒歩でxx一周する\n>\n> xxを歩いて一周する\n\nThe first two are most commonly used in terms of a predesigned course or trail\nthat you might take around something. All these terms can be used with\nstandard verbs such as する or 始める. However, there is a special verb that can be\nused to indicate completion of a walk 完歩{かんぽ}, specifically for the first two\nexamples. It doesn't seem to be used in the case of the latter two presumably\nbecause you already said 歩. In fact, you can just say\n\n> xx一周完歩しました\n\nto say you finished walking around something.\n\nHere are some other ways you can say it, especially for a larger thing such as\nLake Biwa or Japan (or I suppose if you want to make it seem like a long\ntrip), you might say\n\n> xx一周(する)歩き(旅)\n>\n> xx一周徒歩 (旅 or 旅行)\n\nFor going around the world (obviously you can't do it all by walking), it\nseems the more common way to say you completed it would be :\n\n> 世界一周徒歩旅を達成した",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T16:42:02.070",
"id": "62821",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T16:42:02.070",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62816",
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"score": 1
}
] |
62816
|
62821
|
62821
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm doing some research on Japanese streets for an art project. I've been\nlooking at pictures of streets and trying to figure out what the characters\nare,\n\nI'm able to find the first two - to and ma, but the last character differs in\nsome images and I am confused.\n\nI'm just trying to figure out what it says for accuracy. Could someone tell me\nwhat the last characters are in these two images and what both of them say\nwhen put with to and ma.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hv2Gb.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eFwHO.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T16:06:18.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62820",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-27T22:44:45.820",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-16T03:30:28.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "31923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"orthography"
],
"title": "Allographic Differences of れ",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both signs say 止【と】まれ (tomare). That is the intransitive form of the verb to\nstop. For what I know, it's not a case of allography. Only a matter of\ndifferent fonts.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-27T22:44:45.820",
"id": "63081",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-27T22:44:45.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32062",
"parent_id": "62820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
62820
| null |
63081
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just came across some of the \"contracted forms\" used in conversations, which\nI'm not really familiar with. May you help me decoding the ones that I found\nimpossible to understand and to translate them into the more \"common\" form?\n\nI will explain it better, for example in this sentence: \"あしたいちんち、どっか出掛けよっか。\",\nI do understand that どっか is どこか and that 出掛けよっか is 出掛けようか, but I cannot figure\nout what いちんち means.\n\nI also found: \"何すんの\", which I believe corresponds to \"何するの\", but I'm not\nreally sure about it.\n\nThe last one that I cannot understand is 買ってこよっか, as in: \"何か飲むもんでも、買ってこよっか\".\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T17:50:21.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62822",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T23:28:02.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T23:28:02.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Problem with some 縮約形",
"view_count": 363
}
|
[
{
"body": "すんの and ～よっか are extremely common casual contractions of するの and ～ようか.\n\nいちんち, on the other hand, I've never seen before, and to me it looks more like\na typo than anything at first glance. Where did you see this? From the\ncontext, I would guess it's a contraction of 一日 (いちにち), but I don't think it's\na particularly common one.\n\nA little searching suggests that this may actually be a [dialectal\nword](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A1%E3%82%93%E3%81%A1),\nclearly deriving from 一日 but with slightly different usages depending on the\nsource region.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T18:15:01.910",
"id": "62823",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T18:21:20.713",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T18:21:20.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "25107",
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "62822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> あしたいちんち >>> 明日一日 【あしたいちにち】\n>\n> どっか >>> どこか\n>\n> 出掛けよっか >>> 出掛けようか 【でかけようか】\n>\n> 何すんの >>> 何するの 【なにするの】\n>\n> 飲むもんでも >>> 飲【の】む物【もの】でも\n>\n> 買ってこよっか >>> 買【か】ってこようか\n\nThe first one いちんち is somewhat rare but there are other words like it which\ncan have similar contractions when certain vowel+consonant combinations occur.\n\nFor example おれのうち becoming おれんち.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-13T18:18:00.430",
"id": "62824",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T18:29:17.043",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T18:29:17.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
62822
| null |
62824
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62833",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider the following sentences:\n\n> 引越しをして本当に良かった **と思います** 。\n>\n> 引越しをして本当に良かった **と思っています** 。\n\nIf I use と思います, does the sentence become more formal?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T01:54:29.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62826",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-15T11:49:45.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "と思います vs. と思っています",
"view_count": 11963
}
|
[
{
"body": "Neither is particularly more formal.\n\nThe difference is that both 思う and 思っている can be used for the 1st person while\nyou can't use 思う for present indicative by the 2nd and the 3rd person (except\nhistorical present or such in narratives).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T03:01:53.167",
"id": "62830",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T03:01:53.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "62826",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It's not about formality, but meaning difference.\n\nBoth are translated \"think\", but the plain ending 思います（思う） stands for an\ninstant judgment at that moment, reacting to an event or responding to a\nquestion; or begin to think. The stative 思っています（思っている）, on the other hand,\nmeans holding an idea or belief in one's mind for a duration.\n\nAnother explanation, if you prefer, is that 思う : 思っている is analogous to _put\non_ : _wear_.\n\n> 私を誰だと **思っている** のだ。 _Who do you think I am!?_ \n> × 私を誰だと **思う** のだ。\n\nIn the examples above, only the first one tells the meaning in English. The\nsecond is very, um... prosopagnostic (if grammatical in any way).\n\n> この映画を見たら、人生も捨てたものじゃないと **思いました** 。 _When I watched the movie, I thought the\n> life is not as bad as it seems._ \n> × この映画を見たら、人生も捨てたものじゃないと **思っていました** 。\n\nIn these examples, たら indicates immediate trigger, so only the first sentence\nis grammatical.\n\n**Related**\n\n * [Difference between volitional +と思う and volitional+ と思っている](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40145/7810)\n * [Vようと思います／Vようと思っています](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/066.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T04:03:25.920",
"id": "62833",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T04:03:25.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "62826",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "They’re both equally polite but the tenses are different. The non-past tense\n思います(思う) is and action that is done in the present or future. In this case\nhaving a thought or holding an opinion. The present continuous tense\n思っています(思っている) is an ongoing action. In this case having an opinion at the\ncurrent time (implying that you could change your mind). You can’t use this\nform of 思う for someone else’s thoughts such asking a question.\n\nUsing either form of 思う is regarded as less assertive than saying a direct\nstatement as you’re admitting it’s your opinion (limited by your perception)\nand could be wrong. It’s similar to say “I think”, “probably”, or “it could\nbe” in English. Either of these can still be used in plain dictionary form in\nconversation.\n\nNote that 考えます or 考えています has a similar meaning but is different. The act of\nthinking or “considering” but does not follow a quote or statement with the と\nparticle. You can say 考えます (I’ll think about it) without specifying your\nthoughts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-15T11:49:45.223",
"id": "62851",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-15T11:49:45.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "62826",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
62826
|
62833
|
62833
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62831",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please read the passage:\n\n> 四山市のごみの **捨て方** をお知らせします。4つのごみ箱があります。そして、 **捨てる日** が違います。また、 **捨てる所**\n> も決まっています。注意してください。\n\nWhy should we say 捨てる日 and 捨てる所, but 捨て方？（方 is a noun too, just like 日 and 所）\n\n＋\n\nWhy don't they use 捨てるの日 and 捨てるの所？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T02:30:34.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62827",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T03:50:34.050",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T03:03:37.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "How to use 方 correctly",
"view_count": 392
}
|
[
{
"body": "As [described in this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32299/5010), a masu-stem (aka\n連用形, pre-masu form) has a noun-like quality, and they can _sometimes_ directly\nconnects to another noun like a compound. デジタル大辞泉\n[defines](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/41597/meaning/m0u/) this type of\n方【かた】 as a 接尾語 (suffix), and 明鏡国語辞典 defines it as a 造語成分. This means 方 is\nsomewhat special and it never follows an attributive form.\n\n捨てるの所 is plain wrong in Japanese. You can join a verb and a noun using the\nplain grammar of relative clauses, and there must not be の between them.\n\n* * *\n\nSo which noun can follow a masu-stem?\n\n方【かた】 and 様【よう】 can follow the masu-stem of any verb. 様 is usually used as\npart of the idiom ～ようがない/ある.\n\n> * 魔物の倒し方を教わった。\n> * 言葉に表し様がない不安を感じる。\n>\n\nOther nouns directly follow the masu-stem mainly as part of fixed expressions.\n`masu-stem + 時【どき】` means \"suitable time for ～ing\", \"good chance for ～ing\".\n`masu-stem + 所【どころ】` roughly means \"point of ～ing\". `masu-stem + 物` roughly\nmeans \"thing to ～\". You basically have to memorize them individually.\n\n> * この商品は今が買い時【どき】です！\n> *\n> 市場は[書き入れ時](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E6%99%82)を迎えている。\n> *\n> 彼の説明には[とらえ所](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%8D%95%E3%82%89%E3%81%88%E5%87%A6)がない。\n> * この町の[見所](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A6%8B%E6%89%80)は駅前の桜並木です。\n> *\n> この議論の[落とし所](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D)が見つからない。\n> * 自動販売機で飲み物を買った。\n>\n\nYou usually cannot say ゴミの捨て所 or ゴミの捨て時 unless you're speaking jokingly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T03:50:34.050",
"id": "62831",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T03:50:34.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62827",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62827
|
62831
|
62831
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "63307",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 明日何をしますか and 明日どうしますか？\n\nI have come across the following question and answer:\n\n> 明日どうしますか。\n>\n> 傘を箱の中に入れます。\n\nSo, I wonder if I can say 明日何をしますか instead.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T02:44:56.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62828",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-08T16:10:36.360",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T22:59:17.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "31549",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"questions",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "The difference between 明日何をしますか and 明日どうしますか",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "Given the context:\n\n> _a man was borrowing an umbrella at a station, and was asking a station\n> worker how and when he could return it._\n\nどうしますか is absolutely better than 何をしますか, because in this situation, they\nrespectively mean:\n\n> 明日何をしますか _What am I going to do tomorrow?_ \n> 明日どうしますか _What am I going to do **with it** tomorrow?_\n\nIncidentally, this is not the most natural phrase native speakers would utter\nin this context, but presumably they want to reduce grammar repertoire for\nbeginner students. For example I would say:\n\n> 明日どう（すれば／したら）いいですか _What should I do (with it) tomorrow?_\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\nIn the bigger picture, it is but a tip of an iceberg, a total discrepancy in\nwork division of question words between Japanese and English. To put\nabstractly, English selects question words grammatically (i.e. in relation to\nthe original sentence) while Japanese semantically. It is very much\ncomplicated, but taking your example, both the speaker and the hearer are\nsupposed to recognize a common matter about a borrowed umbrella. Thus a next\nwhatever step you take is an _instrument_ to solve, or in any way to deal with\nthis final goal. This sort of action is always governed by どう in Japanese,\notherwise it will sound that you suddenly throw in a new, independent topic.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-08T15:53:56.350",
"id": "63307",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-08T16:10:36.360",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-08T16:10:36.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "62828",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62828
|
63307
|
63307
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62832",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> いい **ん** ですか。\n>\n> いいですか。\n\nBoth sentences translate to \"Is is OK?\" ( _context_ : It is OK if I take this\numbrella?)\n\nAccording to my textbook, んです is used for explanations. But in this context\nsomeone is asking for permission, as far as I understand. Does ん make the\nquestion sound more polite?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T02:58:10.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62829",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T09:05:17.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions"
],
"title": "んです for asking for permission",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "の/ん in a question sentence is for asking for a clarification. See: [Question\nMarkers: か and の](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-\nmarkers/)\n\n> The connotation that the の has is to seek clarification based on background\n> contexts, while the か doesn’t require any context.\n\n> The plain question marker か allows you to just ask yes or no while the\n> connotative question marker の allows you to clarify something that you doubt\n> about. You may sometimes be rude if you suddenly try to clarify something\n> without contexts.\n\nWhen you have a previous context and are asking \"is it (really) okay?\"\nreferring to it, いいんですか is the natural choice. For example, when someone said\nto you \"Hey, you can take that umbrella!\", then your response should be\nいいんですか. But you have to say この傘を持って行っていいですか without の/ん if this is the first\ntime you mention 傘 in a conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T03:57:09.383",
"id": "62832",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T09:05:17.477",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-14T09:05:17.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62829",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62829
|
62832
|
62832
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Some words with complex Kanji are sometimes written in a mixture of Hiragana\nand Kanji. For example 処方箋 (prescription) is often written as 処方せん in\npharmacies. This is used by native speakers that have clearly received a\nJapanese education and can read Kanji, yet they still use Hiragana in some\ncases.\n\nWhat are the reasons for the use of Hiragana here? Are Japanese people able to\nread Kanji like 箋? What contexts would they use Hiragana instead? Why is it\nacceptable to use Hiragana mixed with Kanji but not Katakana?\n\nIs this kind of usage limited specifically to signs in stores that can be read\nat a distance or is it written in kana in other contexts as well?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T06:04:07.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62834",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-18T10:58:33.630",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-18T10:58:33.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "14608",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji",
"orthography",
"kana",
"daily-life"
],
"title": "Why are some words (e.g., 処方箋) sometimes partially written with hiragana?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[] |
62834
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which is correct? My gut tells me it's the second one, but I've asked and\nsomeone told me the first is probably the one to use. Reasons being ポータル is\nnot a common katakana word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T08:47:15.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62838",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T09:21:23.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11523",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Would you say 日系アメリカ人の歴史のポータル or 日系アメリカ人の歴史ポータル?",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "Neither is incorrect, but I would say 日系アメリカ人の歴史についてのポータル(サイト) if there is\nenough space. (This ポータル means a web portal, right?)\n\nThe first one has two simple の's in succession, which is not bad but may be\nseen as unsophisticated. (Three or more の's is [seen as clumsy by\nmany](https://tech.nikkeibp.co.jp/it/article/COLUMN/20100430/347675/).) The\nsecond one treats 歴史ポータル [like an established set\nphrase](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19379/5010), but I don't think it\nis a well-known established concept. Although these are minor problems, it's\nbetter to avoid them when possible.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T09:21:23.843",
"id": "62839",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T09:21:23.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62838",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62838
| null |
62839
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62843",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When first studying Japanese, I learned that \"after\" in Japanese is 後で. But\nasking around and looking at regular usage, a lot of Japanese will tell me a\nsentence like the following is slightly unnatural:\n\n> 映画を見た後で家に帰ってきました。\n\nI actually tried making a few sentences with 後で and I kept getting corrected\nto either drop the で or use 後に. So, is 後で being used less these days? I see\nplenty of examples being used in the Tanaka Corpus, but that's a bit old.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T15:15:05.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62841",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-15T03:40:32.140",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-15T02:19:11.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "6604",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Is the use of 後で fading from usage in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1427
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are several things to consider in answering your question.\n\nAn **objective** answer to your question would require a direct comparison\nbetween the total usage of `後で` at two different points in time. This is not a\ntrivial task and it requires more specific information, i.e. exactly which two\ntime points to compare, what corpora you will base your conclusions on,\nwhether you want to include `Nounの後で` or other variants as well, etc. You\ncould then see if there is a pattern of attrition and perhaps even investigate\nthe reasons.\n\nIf you are just looking for a **subjective** answer, then it is reasonable to\nask native speakers but I think you would also have to use example sentences\ngenerated by native speakers. For example you could take 20 sentences\ncontaining `後で` from a corpus and show them to Japanese people to ask whether\nthey feel something is unnatural in the sentence. The reason I believe it is\nimportant to avoid non-native speaker examples is that they often have errors\nwhich can make the sentence sound unnatural for a variety of reasons that\nmight not be immediately apparent, even to native speaker.\n\nTake your sample sentence, for example.\n\n> 映画を見た後で家に帰ってきました。\n\nAccording to the Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar, `後で` indicates \"any\nspace of time after\" whereas `～てから` indicates \"the space of time following\nafter\". It may well be the case that\n\n> 映画を見てから家に帰ってきました。\n\nwould sound more natural to a native speaker precisely because of the\nimplication that the action of going home immediately followed the action of\nwatching the movie, and was not separated by \"any space of time\". So you could\nargue that `後で` is not the appropriate term to use in this specific\ncircumstance because of the meaning of the sentence. You have to be careful\nattributing a cause to an effect and so I think it is best to avoid sentences\nmade by non native speakers.\n\nFinally, when something does end up becoming obsolete there is usually a\nreason for it, and it's often the case that it is superseded by something\nelse. You might investigate which terms are more likely to be used instead of\n`後で` as another way to explore your question.\n\nSo without directly answering your question, I hope that helped. :)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-14T18:05:22.250",
"id": "62843",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-14T18:05:22.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62841",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "This sentence sounds unnatural indeed. As you were instructed, either drop the\nで or use 後に, that will make it more natural.\n\nI am quite sure the sentence _has never sounded natural_ , actually. The\nreason it sounds unnatural is not because the language is changing.\n\nIn particular, 後で is used all the time, you can't spend a day at school or\nwork without hearing it at least once.\n\nIt is just that you can't put this 後で inside this sentence. Consider this\nEnglish sentence:\n\n> Afterwards watching the movie I came back home.\n\nIt sounds weird, not because \"afterwards\" is fading in usage, but just because\nit is the wrong word here, you should use \"after\" instead.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-15T03:40:32.140",
"id": "62846",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-15T03:40:32.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "107",
"parent_id": "62841",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62841
|
62843
|
62843
|
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