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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62319",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The context I want to say is as follows.\n\n> People who always **complain about their jobs, working partners, and even\n> the company** while still taking the salary look like ones who spit into\n> their own well from which they drink everyday.\n\nHere the word `even` is only attached to the last item of the enumeration\n\n```\n\n jobs, working partners, company\n \n```\n\nI am afraid my translation below does not convey the original meaning. Please\nkindly correct me!\n\n> 給料をまだ取りながら、仕事、働くパートナー、会社にも文句を言う人は、毎日水を取って、飲む自分の井戸に唾を吐く人のようだ。\n\nNote: Any constructive advice or suggestion is always welcome!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T05:34:22.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62315",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T23:08:55.683",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-21T05:43:54.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "How to say \"even\" for the last item in an enumeration?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about translating it like:\n\n> 給料をもらっているのに、自分の仕事や同僚 **ばかりでなく** 、会社 **にまでも**\n> 不満をこぼしてばかりいる人というのは、いつも水を汲み、飲んでいる井戸に唾を吐いている人のようなものである。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T06:52:27.297",
"id": "62319",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T23:08:55.683",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T23:08:55.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31659",
"parent_id": "62315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "You're right about your translation. It not only does not convey the intended\n\"even\", but the first part translates back to:\n\n> \"Those who complain **to** their work, working partners, and even their\n> company while still taking their salary....\"\n\nSuggested Translation for the first part:\n\n> 給料を受け取ってもなおかつ、仕事と同僚に限らず、会社自体の（文句を言いまくって／愚痴をこぼしまくって）しまう人は。。。\n\n**Point 1:**\n\n> ～ってもなおかつ\n\nThis phrase emphasizes that even though state B is continuing state A is also\nstill continuing. In this case I think this would be one of the better ways to\nexpress \"...while still taking/receiving their salary...\"\n\n**Point 2:**\n\nI think it is perfectly fine to stick with \"文句を言う\" but \"愚痴をこぼす\" is another\ngood one if you would like. As far as expressing that they are \"continuing to\ncomplain\", I like using the 連体形 + \"まくる\" form, but that is entirely up to\npreference and is sort of casual too. If you want to sound more neutral you\ncould just replace \"まくる\" with \"つづける\", or you can just say \" **絶えず** 言ってしまう\".\n\n**Point 3:**\n\nI know I didn't touch on the latter half of your sentence at all. That is\nbecause I don't think you should try to translate it literally. At best,\nliteral translations of most metaphors only ambiguously keep their meaning in\nJapanese. I suggest looking up actual Japanese metaphors that carry the same\nvolitional meaning. For example:\n\n> 自分で自分の顔に泥を塗る\n\nThis is by no means the best metaphor out there (it's actually the only one I\ncan think of right now...), but if you search you may find something that you\nlike more.\n\nEdits for English grammar errors and a forgotten も.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T16:45:23.057",
"id": "62342",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T23:03:50.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T23:03:50.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "62315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62315
|
62319
|
62319
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My motivation behind this question is that I want to translate the Chinese\nword \"学妹\" into Japanese. 学妹, as you probably have guessed already, refers to a\nfemale 後輩. A male 先輩 is 学长，female 先輩 is 学姐，male 後輩 is 学弟. However, it seems\nimpossible to be gender specific when using 先輩 or 後輩, since these word\nencompass both genders. So what is the appropriate, natural word for a female\n後輩?\n\nEdit: Sometimes, 学妹 can be used flirtatiously. That is, sometimes, you can be\nmore flirtatious by calling the girl 学妹 instead of using her name or\nsomething. I cannot find the word that has this usage in Japanese, so that's a\nbetter explanation of my motivation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T06:33:02.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62317",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:51:23.007",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-21T13:15:14.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a gender-specific way of using 先輩 or 後輩?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my impression, Japanese people around me call younger friends by nickname\nor 〜ちゃん, 〜さん, 〜くん. The difference of the way you call someone depends on the\npeople’s relationship. As to sempai, we call them 〜先輩 or 〜さん, 〜くん.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T13:10:06.733",
"id": "62323",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T13:10:06.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31659",
"parent_id": "62317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "I'm not aware of any single word for that concept. Normally you have to say\n後輩の男の子, 先輩の女性, etc. If you're specifically interested in that \"flirtatious\"\nconnotation, I've seen 妹/姉 used in a similar way [at least in\nfiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-sama_ga_Miteru), which should be\nrare in real life.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T03:54:20.083",
"id": "62332",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T03:54:20.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The simple answer is 'No'.\n\nSorry if that seems like a disappointing answer, but there just isn't a way to\ndistinguish between male and female for the words 「後輩」and「先輩」.\n\nIf you want to address a female 後輩, it depends on your relationship with her.\nBut simply using the standard ～さん after her name is perfectly natural. If you\nare on closer terms you might consider dropping the title (呼び捨て）and just using\nher name, but that really depends on the nature of your relationship with her.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:51:23.007",
"id": "62374",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:51:23.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
62317
| null |
62332
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I try reading a Japanese book for the first time and I have some trouble with\nthe sentence:\n\n> たったひとりとはいえ、その自分を惨めさの道連れにした。\n\nI think I somewhat get the meaning of it, but I am confused why 惨め is\nnominalized instead of attaching the な particle.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T09:12:09.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62320",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T02:11:37.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T02:11:37.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Adjective-Nominalization さの vs normal usage with な",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[] |
62320
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62329",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have [previously](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62076/what-\nwould-%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A-mean-\nin-the-following-context) (fuller text is there) asked about this line, but\nnot about this part.\n\nThe part I'm interested in is:\n\n> 母のように娘のように大切にしていた相手\n\nI think this basically means:\n\n> \"Person/other side, A cared greatly about, like a mother would, like a\n> daughter would\"\n\nBasically the part where is says that someone cared about someone else like\nthey were the daughter and the mother is a bit strange. So I'm wondering if\nthis might not just be a wierd way to say \"cared for the other person as a\nmother does for a daughter\", but that doesn't fit I think.\n\nAlso context wise there are two people A and B, they aren'nt actually related\nbut their relationship was weird. Here I think they are describing things form\nA's PoV because this text box is placed over A and fits with what happened\nbefore, of A having no choice but to let B go. A cared about the B a lot, and\ntends to reffer to B and some else as her children. But at the same time A was\nyounger than B and B felt responsible for A and in the end sacrificed herself\nso A can live on. So them at times flipping who the mother is could fit.\n\nI'm just not sure if there is a simpler interpretation before I force in mine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T17:11:39.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62324",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T02:23:08.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Double AのようにBのように , does it mean the following",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 母のように娘のように大切にしていた相手\n\nmeans \"someone that B cared for just like (B would do) B's mother, or\ndaughter\", \"someone B cared for as if they were B's mother, or daughter.\"\n\n「相手を母のように、（または）娘のように大切にする」 = \"care for someone as if they were your mother or\ndaughter\"\n\n* * *\n\nThe sentence literally means...\n\n「もっと強くもっと早くこの手を伸ばせていれば」 \nIf I had been able to reach out my hand more strongly and sooner,\n\n「強く哀しい選択も させずに…すんだはず。」 \nI wouldn't have had to cause B to make a sad decision \n(「～ずに済む」≂「～なくて(も)よい」 \"don't have to~\" \"don't need to~\" \n「させずに済んだはず」≂「させなくてもよかったはず」 \"wouldn't have had/needed to make/let them do~\"\n\"could have done without making/letting them do~\")\n\n「母のように娘のように大切にしていた相手を見送るしかない（強く哀しい選択）」 \n(a sad decision) where there's no other choice but part with someone whom B\ncared for as if they were B's mother or daughter \n/ (a sad decision) of having to part with someone whom B cared for like his\nmother or daughter",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T01:03:15.557",
"id": "62329",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T02:23:08.463",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T02:23:08.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62324
|
62329
|
62329
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62326",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just stumbled across this - rather simple - sentence from the novel 堕落の王:\n\n> それは魔王の意思ですらない。その目的は力の使用だけで、結果には興味すら抱かない。\n>\n> **ただ、主を見ていた。**\n>\n> It wasn't even the demon lord's will. His goal was only to use its powers,\n> he didn't even have an interest in the results.\n>\n> I was just looking at my master.\n\nContext: The one speaking is a puppet made by the 'lazy king', who lost\ninterest in it right after its creation. The puppet now seems to wonder about\nthe meaning of his existence and considers the 'lazy king' as his master.\n\nIn this case, how would you read 主? According to the dictionary there are five\npossible pronunciations:\n\n * しゅ\n * おも\n * しゅじん\n * ぬし\n * あるじ\n\nIs there any notable difference between them? I feel like I heard あるじ in\nhistorical dramas a lot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T18:51:02.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62325",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T19:50:23.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Different pronunciations of 主",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "主｛しゅ｝, on its own like that, means 'the Lord (God)'. 主｛おも｝ means main or\nprimary. しゅじん is 主人; I don't believe it's a reading of 主. 主｛ぬし｝ seems less\nlike a person's master and more like the master of something, to me - like\n持｛も｝ち主｛ぬし｝ 'owner'. So I would guess that 主｛あるじ｝ is the intended reading here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T19:25:51.670",
"id": "62326",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T19:50:23.053",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-21T19:50:23.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "62325",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62325
|
62326
|
62326
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am wondering how this informal grammar works.\n\nFor example, 頑張る、頑張れ、頑張ろう - they all mean try hard, but how are they different\nin the tone of voice? In what situation should I use れ and ろう?\n\nThank you very much~",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-21T22:40:29.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62327",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T16:33:30.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Grammatical purpose of replacing the ~る to ~れ and ~ろう, how does this affect the tone of voice?",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "**頑張る:** To try your hardest.\n\n**頑張ろう：** Lets try our best\n\n**頑張れ:** (Like an order or a command almost) Try your best\n\nThey can be used in any scenario if you use them properly. But in the simplest\nuse cases:\n\n**私は頑張る:** I will try my best (this is plain form, so its informal. Changing\nit to 「頑張ります」makes it polite.\n\n**お互いに頑張ろう：** Lets both try our best (quite informal).\n\n**Malina、頑張れ！！:** Try your best, Malina! (very informal, but its the kind of\nthing you shout at your favourite sports players or close friends for\nexample).\n\nOf course there are many many complexities to this which would require another\nquestion as it's not necessarily specific to「頑張る」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T15:46:08.557",
"id": "62340",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T15:56:45.723",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T15:56:45.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "31672",
"owner_user_id": "31672",
"parent_id": "62327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "頑張る - this is known as the **Dictionary form** (lemma) and is the 'base' form\nof the verb. This form is used to express present and future actions.\n\n頑張れ - this is the **imperative form** and is used to give commands or\nexhortations.\n\n頑張ろう - this is the **Volitional form** and is used in several different\nconstructions which contain a sense of intention. One common example is\nVolitional Form + とする to indicate 'try to'.\n\nThese forms are a little different depending on whether the verb is a godan\nverb or an ichidan verb. I recommend you review some basic textbook on verb\ngrammar. It will explain these and other basic forms which comprise the\nfoundation of Japanese verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T16:33:30.617",
"id": "62341",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T16:33:30.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62327
| null |
62340
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> Aが出たとし、B。 (This is what the speaker is telling to another person on the\n> phone)\n\nWhere A is an event that already happend (let's say an accident), and B means\nsomething like \"I'll send you more info on that\"\n\nis とし the continuative form of とする, or is it と + し. Also I found this: [what\nis the meaning of a た形の動詞 ＋\nとする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47030/what-is-the-meaning-\nof-a-%E3%81%9F%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-%EF%BC%8B-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\nbut I'm don't know how to apply that to my sentence",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T00:04:08.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62328",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T00:04:08.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of とし in this sentence",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[] |
62328
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62335",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ネズミだ、あれ **と** 出｛で｝くわす **と** 厄介｛やっかい｝なんだ\n\nI know that と could be used as a quotative particle or it could be used to\nmake a conditional sentence. Particle と can also mean \"and\" or \"with\". In the\nsentence above, I think the first と means \"with\", but about the second と, I am\nnot sure if it is conditional or quotative.\n\nWhat are the meaning and grammatical role of particle と in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T01:47:25.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62330",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T08:10:22.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T02:07:07.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the role of particle と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "First one is like \"with\" as you say.\n\nSecond one turns the prose behind it 「(ネズミ)と出くわす」 into a sort of condition, a\n\"what if\" or \"if x\".\n\n**Think of it like so; \"if X were to happen/be the case, the outcome will be\nY\".**\n\nあれと出くわすと厄介なんだ / To come across (a mouse) would be worrisome.\n\n**Some more examples using this particular structure:**\n\n睡眠【すいみん】を十分【じゅうぶん】とらないと体【からだ】を壊す【こわす】 / If you don't sleep enough, you will\nbecome unhealthy\n\nちゃんとお掃除【おそうじ】しないとゴキブリが出る【でる】 / If you don't clean properly, cockroaches will\nappear\n\n速く【はやく】走る【はしる】と速く【はやく】着く【つく】 / If you run quickly, you will arrive quickly",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T07:57:45.887",
"id": "62335",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T08:10:22.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T08:10:22.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "31672",
"owner_user_id": "31672",
"parent_id": "62330",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62330
|
62335
|
62335
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62333",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to ask \"How much is the hotel for one night?\"\n\nAfter doing some reading online, I've come to two answers. But I'm not sure\nwhich one is correct.\n\n```\n\n このホテルは いっぱく いくら ですか。\n \n```\n\nand\n\n```\n\n このホテルは いっぱくが いくら ですか。\n \n```\n\nIs the が needed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T02:19:57.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62331",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T11:30:26.953",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T11:30:26.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Asking 'how much is the hotel for one night'",
"view_count": 1777
}
|
[
{
"body": "That が is not needed. いっぱくいくら is an example of the [\"X per Y\"\npattern](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60992/5010) which does not\nrequire が. You can also say:\n\n * このホテルは いっぱく **で** いくら ですか？ \n(で marks a [\"condition\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55564/5010))\n\n * このホテルは いっぱく **につき** いくら ですか？ \n(～につき explicitly means \"per ～\")\n\nUsing が may be not be entirely wrong, but I feel it's less natural than the\nother options.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T04:11:00.847",
"id": "62333",
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"parent_id": "62331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
62331
|
62333
|
62333
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62345",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a page from the [Dead Tube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Tube) manga,\na man is being killed during a live video. Some of the viewers comment the\nscene simply with \"人\". What is the meaning of this kanji when used in this\nway? Could its graphical aspect remind of clapping or praying hands? [Here's\nthe page](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Mo6Ic.jpg) in question (look at the second\npanel). Thank for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T16:55:33.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62343",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T19:54:16.777",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T17:21:15.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of 人 in Japanese internet slang",
"view_count": 5641
}
|
[
{
"body": "`人` represents two hands pressed together. It appears in [many\nkaomoji](https://kaomojinavi.net/kaomoji/n/namu.htm). In this context it\nrepresents [praying hands\n(合掌)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1jali_Mudr%C4%81), a traditional\nBuddhism/Shinto praying gesture. It can also mean more casual\n[\"please\"](https://kaomojinavi.net/kaomoji/o/onegai.htm).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T19:19:02.037",
"id": "62345",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T19:54:16.777",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T19:54:16.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 23
}
] |
62343
|
62345
|
62345
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My memory from playing the VN that the sentence is based off of is 87% certain\nin the protagonist's voice pronouncing the above as\n\n\"YareshKA-nai!!\"\n\nand meaning something similar to \"I have to do this!!\" But I don't know if\nthat is actually what the kanji 今 means or is pronounced as.\n\nHelp?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T21:24:15.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62346",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "今しかない!! pronouncation",
"view_count": 802
}
|
[
{
"body": "> やるしかない [Yaru shika nai] There is no choice but to do it\n>\n> 今しかない [ima shika nai] Now or never\n\n今[ima] = now",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T21:32:51.747",
"id": "62347",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-22T21:32:51.747",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"parent_id": "62346",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62346
| null |
62347
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62350",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does ダンッ mean in the following sentence from my book?\n\n> 僕はナイフを投げかけた姿勢のまま、 **ダンッ** と女の子に体当たりをかけた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-22T22:28:44.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62348",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-22T22:57:32.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ダンッ mean?",
"view_count": 359
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ダンッ」 is an onomatopoeia (or sound effect) of bumping into something.. like\n\"bump\", \"thud\", \"thump\", similar to 「ドン」、「ドンッ」、「ドシン」...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T00:14:53.093",
"id": "62350",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62348",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62348
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62350
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62355",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's make an easy example sentence\n\n> ラーメンが好きだから、毎日食堂で食べます。\n\nIn real life conversations I sometimes start a sentence with the second part\n\n> 毎日食堂で食べます\n\nThen I want to tell the reason for this and I always try to somehow connect\nthe sentences, but I don't know how. In the English language I could do it\nlike this:\n\n> Because I like Ramen, I am eating everyday in the cafeteria.\n\nAnd then I could switch it around and do it like this:\n\n> I am eating everyday in the cafeteria, because I like Ramen.\n\nWhile in Japanese I always start to stutter and then I just begin a new\nsentence which goes like this:\n\n> ラーメンが好きですから。\n\nor:\n\n> 理由はラーメンが好きです。\n\nI am not sure if I'm overlooking something, but I think that there must be a\nsmoother way to tell the reason after the fact without making a new sentence.\nI think you could do it somehow with the particle \"で\", but it kind of doesn't\nsound right to me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T02:44:29.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62353",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T03:11:40.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30085",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence",
"reason"
],
"title": "How can I tell the reason after the fact in the second part of the sentence",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese is a [head-final\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)#Head-\ninitial_vs._head-final_languages), and there is no \"formal\" way to say the\nreason after the conclusion part within a single sentence.\n\nYou can split the sentence into two:\n\n> 毎日食堂でラーメンを食べます。(ラーメンが)好きだからです。\n\nOr using [explanatory-no](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010):\n\n> 毎日食堂でラーメンを食べます。(ラーメンが)好きなんです。\n\nOr explicitly using なぜなら (\"because\") or 理由は (\"the reason is\"):\n\n> 毎日食堂でラーメンを食べます。なぜならラーメンが好きだからです。 \n> 毎日食堂でラーメンを食べます。理由はラーメンが好きだからです。\n\nAlternatively, it's possible to replace the period with a comma and \"pretend\"\nit's a single sentence:\n\n> 毎日食堂でラーメンを食べます、好きなので。\n\nThis nonstandard word order makes the sentence look informal and colloquial.\nYou should avoid this in formal writings unless you do want to vividly\nsimulate a casual conversation.\n\nOr you can form a compound sentence using\n[が/けれども/etc](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32826/5010):\n\n> 私は毎日食堂でラーメンを食べるのですが、それはラーメンが好きだからです。\n\nIMHO, you don't have to hesitate to split the sentence into two if you really\nwant to say the conclusion first.\n\n理由はラーメンが好きです means \"the reason likes ramen\", which makes no sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T03:11:40.617",
"id": "62355",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
62353
|
62355
|
62355
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62356",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried going to my sound effect dictionary for this one but nothing came up,\nany help in figuring out what that bolded bit of the sentence means is much\nappreciated.\n\n**ジワリ** と赤い血が滴り落ちる。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T02:55:40.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62354",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T14:39:26.810",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-23T19:57:20.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "What does the onomatopoeia ジワリと mean?",
"view_count": 276
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **ジワリ** と赤い血が滴り落ちる。\n\nジワリ is an onomatopoeia of liquid (blood here) oozing out / coming out (of\nwound, eyes etc.) It can also describe liquid (slowly) soaking (into\ncloth/fabric). Its variants include: じわじわ, じんわり, じわっ.\n\nThese are close to ジワリ:\n\n> じわっ Liquids soaking and oozing \n> じんわり Soaking slowly with sweat or tears \n> (from <https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-onomatopoeia/>)\n\n* * *\n\nQuite a few onomatopoeiae have the same or similar pattern of variants, eg:\n\n> * ふわふわ、ふわり、ふんわり、ふわっ、ふわん\n> * きらきら、きらり、きらっ\n> * ぴかぴか、ぴかり、ぴかっ\n> * さらさら、さらり、さらっ\n> * どきどき、どきり、どっきり、どきっ、どきん\n> * ぱちぱち、ぱちり、ぱっちり、ぱちっ、ぱちん\n> * つるつる、つるり、つるっ、つるん \n> etc...\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T04:22:56.920",
"id": "62356",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62354
|
62356
|
62356
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62376",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Are sentences A, B, and C all correct? If not, which are incorrect and why? If\nthey are all correct, does it mean that に and と can always be used\ninterchangeably with adverbs? And that に and と aren't actually needed?\n\n> **A:** 彼女はかんかん **に** 怒った。 \n> **B:** 彼女はかんかん **と** 怒った。 \n> **C:** 彼女はかんかん怒った。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T10:28:30.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62359",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T00:30:31.390",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T03:04:21.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-と",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Are に and と interchangeable when used with adverbs?",
"view_count": 821
}
|
[
{
"body": "Only A is correct. かんかん is adjective verb in this sentence. に is used for\nadjective verb, and と is used for adverb. In case of adverb, と is omissible,\nbut に for adjective verb is always needed.\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/47693/meaning/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T12:40:50.137",
"id": "62360",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T12:40:50.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "62359",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "When かんかん means \"furious(ly)\", 明鏡国語辞典 defines it as \"an adverb that takes に\",\nデジタル大辞泉 defines it as a na-adjective, and 大辞林 defines it as an adverb. Indeed\nit's confusing, but at least to me, かんかん in this sense is a **no-adjective** ,\nwhich means I feel only Sentence A is correct. You can use it as a predicate.\n\n> * 彼女はかんかんに怒っている。\n> * 今、彼女はかんかんだ。\n> * かんかんの彼女とは話をしたくない。\n>\n\nHowever, when かんかん describes strong sunshine, it _also_ works as \"an adverb\nthat optionally takes と\", just like ゆっくり(と), ガタガタ(と), etc.:\n\n> * 太陽がかんかん照り付けている。\n> * 太陽がかんかんと照り付けている。\n> * 太陽がかんかんに照り付けている。\n> * かんかんの太陽\n>\n\nIn uncommon situations where かんかん works as a simple onomatopoeia, it's an\n\"adverb that optionally takes と\".\n\n> * 空き缶をカンカンと叩く。\n> * 空き缶をカンカン叩く。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T19:23:22.390",
"id": "62376",
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},
{
"body": "As for those three sentences, only A 'かんかんに怒る” is correct. \nGrammatically, “に“ and “と“ is not interchangeable, and they have slightly\ndifferent nuance.\n\nIn the sentence “かんかんに怒る“, “に“ is not a particle, but a part of the adjective\nverb “かんかんだ”. Any adjective verb has an unchangeable part and changeable\npart(だ). \nWhen an adjective is followed by a verb, “だ“ changes into “に”.\n\nFor example, \n1. 彼女は **きれいに** 踊(おど)った。 きれい(=unchangeable)だ(=changeable). The adjective verb “きれいだ“ is followed by the verb “おどる(=dance)”. So, ”きれいだ“ changes into ”きれいに“.\n\n 2. 私は日本語を **上手(じょうず)に** 話す。 The adjective verb “じょうずだ” changes into “じょうずに” when followed by the verb “はなす“.\n\n“に” can be a particle as well as a part of an adjective verb, whereas “と“\nworks only as a particle. That’s why you can’t say “かんかん **と** なる”.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sMCGN.jpg)\nAn unchangeable part is called 語幹(gokan), and a changeable part is called\n活用語尾(katsuyou-gobi). Every 用言(verb/adverb/adjective) has 語幹 and 活用語尾. This\npicture shows how an adjective verb changes depending on the following word.\nさわやかだ changes to さわやかに when it forms 連用形(followed by a verb). In this case, as\nthe chart shows, there’s no option for さわやかと as an adjective verb. Also, に in\nさわやかに is not a postpositional particle but a part of the adjective verb. In\nthe same way, かんかんに in the sentence A is 連用形 of the adjective verb “かんかんだ“,\nwhich is one word, and there’s no possibility that it turns to “かんかんと“ in this\ncase.\n\nHowever, かんかんと is an adverb, and it’s not かんかん(noun) + と(particle). かんかんと as\nan adverb is not used when referring to someone getting mad. It’s only used\nwhen referring to strong sun sunshine or making sounds as another answerer\nalready explained.\n\nBoth かんかんに( an adjective verb / 形動) and かんかんと( an adverb/ 副 ) don’t include に\nor と as a postpositional particle. In this case, they are a part of completely\ndifferent words (に is 活用語尾 of an adjective verb whereas と is just a part of an\nadverb). That’s why they are not interchangeable in this case.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T21:28:18.443",
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62359
|
62376
|
62376
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "`What is the difference between 上がります and 増えます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T16:23:46.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "31688",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 上がります and 増えます",
"view_count": 1158
}
|
[
{
"body": "上がる generally refers to **a change in position** of the thing you are talking\nabout, i.e. from a lower position to a higher position. This can be used with\nthings like objects which have moved position, people who have moved to a\nhigher location, or a number on scale which has gone from a lower position on\nthe scale to a higher position on the scale.\n\n増える generally refers to **an increase in size or number** of the thing you are\ntalking about, either physical or abstract, i.e. a group which has grown in\nnumber, a workload which has increased, a sense of well-being that has grown,\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:36:07.803",
"id": "62371",
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},
{
"body": "**上がります**\n\n上がります means that something is going up in reference to a past position. For\ninstance, you can use 上がります when talking about:\n\n * Anything measured in degrees such as temperature and altitude\n * Moving up in a ranking\n * Price\n\nThis is not an exhaustive list, but I think it covers a lot of common usage.\n\n**増えます**\n\nOn the other hand, 増えます is specifically something increasing in\nnumber/amount/size. Contexts where you usually see 増えます include:\n\n * Population\n * Weight\n * Number of comments, likes, complaints, etc.\n\nand so on. Again, not exhaustive, but hopefully that makes sense.\n\n**Difference**\n\nI have no link or anything to back this up, so someone please correct if I am\nmistaken, but I think the difference is whether or not 0 is absolute or\nrelative.\n\n---For instance---\n\nIn the case of 増える: the population of a country, the weight of a bag of\noranges, or the number of comments all have an absolute zero - that is to say\nthat when they reach zero, there is nothing to measure. Therefore, we use 増える\nfor things that only have a positive, numeric range of possibilities.\n\nOn the other hand, in the case of 上がる: the rank of something or it's price and\nthe temperature are not all necessary expressed in terms of zero - price can\nbe negative if there is a refund (or zero if it is free for some reason), the\nrank of something isn't even always a number or even decided by a number, and\ntemperature and altitude as we all know can go well below zero and still be\nmeasured. Therefore, we will typically use 上がる with things that can be\nmeasured as a negative, positive, or increase but with no quantitative base of\nmeasurement.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T19:59:18.423",
"id": "62378",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "62362",
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}
] |
62362
| null |
62378
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62367",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both mean blood according to my dictionary but what is the difference? If\n[血]{ち} by itself means blood, then why use [血液]{けつえき}？ What is the difference\nin their usage?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T17:44:18.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62363",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T22:13:43.273",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T22:13:43.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "30458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "difference between 血 and 血液？",
"view_count": 1225
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the main difference is whether or not you are speaking in a scientific\ncontext. 血 is, of course, commonly used to refer to blood, but when you start\nto talk about traits of blood or blood in other scientific contexts, 血液 is the\ngo-to word. For instance:\n\n> 血液型 = Blood Type\n>\n> 血液病 = Hematological Disease\n>\n> 血液透析 = Hemodialysis\n\nand so on..",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:01:08.487",
"id": "62365",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:01:08.487",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "62363",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The actual meaning of 血 and 血液 is basically the same.\n\nHaving two or more different lexical items for the same concept is an\nextremely common phenomenon in modern Japanese. This is because when kanji\nwere originally borrowed from Chinese, the Japanese scholars decided to keep\nmany Chinese words, even though a word for that concept already existed in\nJapanese. Remember, Chinese was a very prestigious language at the time. So\nalthough Japanese already had the word 'chi' for blood, they decided to also\nkeep the Chinese word 'ketsueki' (or a phonetic approximation of the Chinese\nword).\n\nEven in modern Japanese, words like 血液 which were borrowed from Chinese have a\nslightly more formal tone than their native Japanese counterparts. You might\nnotice that in a newspaper or a TV broadcast, the word 血液 may be more likely\nto be used than 血. That is a generalization, of course, so please don't regard\nit as a rule. One manifestation of this (as another poster pointed out) is\nthat 血液 tends to be used in more formal language such as scientific\nterminology. But in terms of their semantic content, the words are referring\nto the same thing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:16:53.813",
"id": "62367",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62363
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62367
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62367
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is difference between 財布が落ちていた and 財布が落ちている? Both refer to the state of\n財布, right? So, what is the difference?\n\n(My main question is I want to know the difference between (が/は)～ていた and\n(が/は)～ている when they refer to the state of something)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T17:58:03.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62364",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:41:56.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-23T18:28:39.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"aspect"
],
"title": "Question about ている ていた for explaining state for something",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is the current state of the wallet.\n\nIf the wallet is currently falling or in a certain location (on the floor,\netc..) as a direct result of having fallen, you use 落ちている. If the wallet was\nfalling in the past **and** has already been picked up/removed from the state\nthat resulted from falling (or was removed from the state of falling by being\ncaught in midair), you use 落ちていた.\n\nNote that if you just say 財布が落ちた you are simply specifying that the wallet\nfell at some point, but either you don't know whether or not it is still in\nthe resulting state or it just doesn't matter enough to specify.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:08:43.223",
"id": "62366",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:08:43.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "62364",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "財布が落ちている refers to the _current_ state of the wallet. The wallet fell in the\npast, and you are seeing its result _now_.\n\n財布が落ちていた is relatively more complicated because it involves two different time\npoints in the past. 財布が落ちていた refers to the state of the wallet _in the past_.\nIt describes what the wallet _was_ like at the time of a certain event in the\npast. When you saw a wallet on the street yesterday, and want to report that\nfact _now_ , you say 昨日道に財布が落ちていた. We are not interested in the current status\nof the wallet.\n\nLet me reintroduce the diagram I made for [another similar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57193/5010). This uses other\ninstant state-change verbs (帰る/割れる) as examples, but 落ちる is also an instant\nstate-change verb. \"Point of change\" refers to the time when someone dropped\nthe wallet, and the eye icon indicates the time you perceive(d) that fact.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dY6BD.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:27:00.663",
"id": "62369",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:27:00.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62364",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62364
| null |
62369
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "亮二が言いにくそうに、しかしそうするよりなく、彼女に話を切り出した。\n\nIt seems difficult for ryouji to say, however ____, he initiates the\nconversation.\n\nHaving a hard time looking よりなく up.\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:26:52.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62368",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:56:01.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "use of よりなく in this sentence",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "`attributive-form + より + ない` means \"have no choice but to ～\". Variations\ninclude ～するほかない, ～するよりほかない.\n\n * [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: よりほかない (yori hoka nai)](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BB%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-yori-hoka-nai/)\n * [JGram - ほかない [ほかない] (hokanai)](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=hokanai)\n * [Japanese grammar よりない](http://learnjapanesedaily.com/japanese-grammar-%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-yorinai.html)\n * [Expressing ~no option but](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19704/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:56:01.260",
"id": "62375",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62368",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62368
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62375
|
62375
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62377",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was wondering whether the anime is actually called that way because it is\nhard to convey this meaning in japanese with a single word. For those who are\nnot aware, One Piece is the greatest treasure in the world buried in one\nplace, so it is probably something huge and not having clear bounds.\n\n>\n> 富、名声、力。この世の全てを手に入れた男、海賊王、ゴールド・ロジャー。彼の死に際に話った一言は人々を海へかり立てた。「俺の財宝か？欲しけりゃくれてやる。探せ！この世の全てをそこに追いてきた。」\n\nCan we translate 'One Piece' to japanese better than 一個?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:29:45.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62370",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T20:12:02.380",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-23T18:38:23.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31589",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"counters",
"anime"
],
"title": "What is the correct counter to translate 'One Piece'?",
"view_count": 4815
}
|
[
{
"body": "One Piece (ワンピース) is the proper and formal name of the titular object. It\nwouldn't make much sense to refer to it in any other way since, if you were\nreferring to it from an in-universe perspective or discussing it with fans,\nany _other_ reference wouldn't make sense for the conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T18:42:50.680",
"id": "62373",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T18:42:50.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1010",
"parent_id": "62370",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> I am more like curious what it would be called in japanese if it wasn't\n> called via an English word\n\nOkay... ワンピース has been referred to as **ひとつなぎの大秘宝【だいひほう】** (literally\n\"unseparated great hidden treasure\") several times, so you may think this is\nthe official \"Japanese translation\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/q1qL9.png)\n\n一個 is just a mundane phrase used to count small objects, and it makes no sense\nas the name of a treasure. Basically it's very hard to talk about the correct\ncounter for this \"piece\" since no one knows what it is like. Choosing a\ncounter may give the readers a big hint of what it is like. For example, if we\ncalled it ひとかけらの秘宝 using a counter かけら (\"particle\", \"fragment\"), it would end\nup assuming _One Piece_ is a tangible hard object that may break. ひとつなぎ\n(\"unseparated\", \"one big\") is a clever word choice that avoids this problem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-23T19:32:08.657",
"id": "62377",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-23T20:12:02.380",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-23T20:12:02.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62370",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62370
|
62377
|
62377
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62380",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 誰が止めるというの 心が叫んだ声を\n\nI've tried to break down each word and particle to decipher the meaning myself\nsince I think that'd be the best way to fully grasp it. So far I've got it\ndown to \"I stop because the voice of my heart is crying.\"\n\nI know that 誰 usually means who but is more commonly used to refer to a person\nrather than a direct translation to who, though I couldn't find something to\nback up that it could refer to ones self.\n\nRight after that it says “が止める” which I figure should stay right after \"I\"\nrather than going at the end of the sentence referring to how he could stop\nthe heart from crying.\n\n“というの” I did research on this one since it did confuse me quite a tad, I found\nthat it's most commonly used as \"someone says A\" or \"I heard that A\". The\ntranslations I've found the most are \"means\", \"that is to say\", or \"because\";\nsince he is referring to himself I figure the の gives it a somewhat possessive\ntone, though if it doesn't I still believe it would be \"because\" in the end\ndue to the 誰 at the beginning.\n\n“叫んだ” I've found could be a colloquial inflection of “さけんぶ” where as the だ\nreplaces ぶ, it's still a particle meaning \"is\".\n\nNow “声を” being at the end kind of confuses me a little, as the を is indeed\nreferring to the subject at hand, why is at the end and not before sakenda, or\neven before kokoro? Does the placement have a specific effect or is that just\nmore grammatically correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T00:19:01.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62379",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-17T16:16:31.683",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-17T16:16:31.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31692",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"rhetorical-questions",
"anastrophe"
],
"title": "誰が止めるというの 心が叫んだ声を",
"view_count": 314
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 誰が止めるというの 心が叫んだ声を\n\nIt's inversion/anastrophe (倒置) of 「心が叫んだ声を 誰が止めるというの」.\n\n心が叫んだ声 is the object of 止める.\n\n「誰が～～というの？」 means \"Who will stop~~?\" (or more literally, \"Who do you say will\nstop?\"). It's a rhetorical question (修辞疑問文/反語表現), implying \"No one will~~.\"\n(For more on this 「疑問詞 + ～～というの？」: [Ｗhat does っていうんだ\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49111/9831) / [About\nっていうか&っていうの&っていうんだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55641/9831))\n\n叫んだ is the past form of [叫]{さけ}ぶ, \"to shout\" \"to scream\".\n\n心が叫んだ声 literally means \"voice which a heart shouted\". 心が叫んだ (\"a heart\nshouted\") is a relative clause that modifies 声 (\"voice\").\n\nSo the sentence literally means \"Who (do you say) will stop the voice that the\nheart shouted? (-- No one will.)\" \"Who will stop the cry/scream that my heart\nlet out? (-- No one will.)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T01:49:22.310",
"id": "62380",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62379",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
62379
|
62380
|
62380
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62383",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the bolded には mean in the following sentence?\n\n> 貫くような衝撃が顎から脳天を突き抜け、次第に目の前が真っ白になってゆく感覚に襲われる中、耳 **には** 銀髪の外国人の興奮した声が入ってきていた。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T02:53:44.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62381",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T13:32:34.250",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T13:17:34.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the particle には doing in this sentence?",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a particle に (marking a direction/destination) followed by a\ntopic/contrast marker は. は is used because there is a weak contrast between\nwhat's happening to his 目の前 and what's happening to his 耳.\n\n> **耳には** 銀髪の外国人の興奮した声が入ってきていた。 \n> (literally) **into my ears** , an excited voice of a foreigner with silver\n> hair was coming.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T13:24:27.390",
"id": "62383",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T13:32:34.250",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T13:32:34.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62381
|
62383
|
62383
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been transcribing this video.\n\n<https://youtu.be/ZoGKmPJkVr4>\n\nAt 7:33, there's this sentence,\n\n\"犬かきならぬ、ネコかき。\"\n\nI wonder what かき means here, or if it serves some grammatical function? Thank\nyou!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T07:04:52.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62382",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T02:30:09.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30276",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "Meaning or Grammatical Function of かき",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "This かき is a nominalized form of the verb\n[掻く【かく】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/38483/meaning/m0u/%E6%8E%BB%E3%81%8F/),\nwhich means \"to scratch\", \"to paw\", \"to paddle (in the water)\", \"to plow\n(snow)\", etc. 犬かき refers to a certain swimming method, and 猫かき is a parody of\nit (i.e., the word 猫かき is basically a joke).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T02:30:09.100",
"id": "62402",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T02:30:09.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62382
| null |
62402
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62388",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wanted to tell someone to escape so they don't waste their time waiting for\nme to beat a boss. (When their death timer reaches 0, they don't get credit\nfor beating the boss, and my dps is slow...)\n\nI said 逃げてください、ボスを倒すのに間に合わない, but I wasn't sure if it actually means: \"I won't\narrive in time to beat the boss\" or if I did it right or wrong.\n\nWhat I want to say is \", Please escape, I won't be able to beat the boss in\ntime\" or \"Please escape, I won't be able to beat the boss before your timer\nruns out.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T13:54:24.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62384",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T17:15:50.770",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T15:04:37.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "13959",
"owner_user_id": "13959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"in time\"?",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could try saying:\n\n> タイマーの時間切れの前に倒せそうもないので、戦闘から出て\n\n * If there is an official Japanese word or a common Japanese colloquialism used to refer to the time in game, replace タイマー with that word. \n * Since it's a video game, you don't need to worry as much about formalities like ください, unless you feel like you are asking for a lot. Most people don't use 丁寧語 while playing games in my experience.\n * 時間切れ literally means \"time is up\"\n * Volitional Form + もない is a grammar expresses that there is little observable evidence that something will happen. By combining this with the potential form of 倒す we get \"I do not think I can defeat \", where you and the enemy are both contextually implied.\n * I elected **not** to use 間に合う because the words necessary to make a sentence using 間に合う would for a slightly longer sentence, which I assumed you would rather not use. Refer to the example below: \n\n> 倒すのがタイマーの時間切れに間に合いそうもないので、戦闘から出て\n\nEdits for shortening explanation and adding the last bullet and example\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T17:03:21.437",
"id": "62388",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T17:15:50.770",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T17:15:50.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "31680",
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "62384",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62384
|
62388
|
62388
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62398",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A friend approached me asking what some text meant in this game he was playing\nwhich said:\n\n> スリーサイズを当てるって課題、ありませんかね☆\n\nI feel like I understand the gist of what this means but I've been unable to\nrender this into English. I am mostly having trouble with the nuance/meaning\nof the particles か and ね put together.\n\nIf I had to give a translation it might be:\n\n> You don't have any questions, like what are my three sizes, don't you?\n\nWhich I feel is horribly wrong, but it's all I can muster at the moment.\n\nFrom what I understand スリーサイズ is Three sizes, i.e. body measurements, 当てる\nmeans to guess, so in this case, guess her three sizes, and the って課題 is a\ncontraction of という課題 I think, which would be like a noun\nmodification/qualification in that the 課題 is the スリーサイズを当てる.\n\nAside from ありませんかね, 課題 also is giving me some trouble because I traditionally\nunderstood this to mean topic or subject usually in the context of like\nschoolwork and textbooks, but looking it up in the dictionary it also lists\nthe meanings \"task, challenge, question,\" and so forth.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T14:08:38.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62385",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T21:12:54.890",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T15:22:27.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "17915",
"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of か and ね together, e.g. ありませんかね?",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "The 課題 puzzles me too. But the かね is just a question, with ね added to reach\nout to the listener, seeking their confirmation, which is a typical Japanese\nway of softening a question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T20:32:29.460",
"id": "62397",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T20:32:29.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31276",
"parent_id": "62385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "**~かね**\n\nAs another user mentioned, the function of ね in ~かね can be to soften the\nquestion, but it is also used for questions where the asker is wondering\nwhether or not others have the same question. I see the latter a lot, and the\nanswer, if there needs to be one, is just そうですね.\n\n**話題**\n\n話題 in this case would probably be translated as challenge, as it seems to be\nreferring to content in the game itself.\n\n**ありませんか**\n\nI would like to point out that one piece that you overlooked is that this\nquestion is grammatically confirming the positive by asking the negative (the\nproper term escapes me right now). This part should look like \"Don't you...?\"\nor \"Doesn't it...?\" if you translate it without context.\n\nHonestly, it seems like you have a good grasp of the individual grammar points\nand meanings of each vocabulary, but putting it together can definitely be\nhard when you are learning and there is little context.\n\nI would probably translate this sentence as:\n\n> I wonder if there is going to be a \"Guess My Measurements\" challenge?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T21:12:54.890",
"id": "62398",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T21:12:54.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31680",
"parent_id": "62385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62385
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62398
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62398
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62393",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "With English, when writing and looking to mention a word (as a word vs wanting\nto use the word as its semantic referent), writers have at their disposal\nquotation marks (punctuational) and italicized font (typographical) with which\nto make clear their intention.\n\nAs examples:\n\n> _The_ is the definite article of the English language.\n\nand\n\n> 'The' is the definite article of the English language.\n\nboth make clear, via typographic and punctuational devices respectively, that\nthe first _the_ they contain is being used differently and means something\ndifferent than the two other instances of _the_ that follow.\n\nIs there anything (typographical or punctuational —as with English— or\notherwise —I know Japanese often employs [平仮名]{ひらがな} marker words to indicate\nthings that English would via typographical effects or punctuation) afforded\nto writers writing in Japanese which can be leveraged to similar effect?\n\nI ask 'cause, as someone learning Japanese, much of what I write in Japanese\nis meta; I'm usually asking about Japanese itself —about vocab, aspects of\ngrammar like particles, _et cetera_. As such, in terms of mention vs use, many\nparts of my writing are mention and I worry that, without some sort of\nannotation, the distinction may be less than clear.\n\nHere's the Wikipedia\n[article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinction) on\nuse-mention distinction in English writing for reference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T16:19:57.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62386",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-05T20:55:40.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "30081",
"owner_user_id": "30081",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Are there means (formal rules or conventions) of use-mention distinction in Japanese writing?",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "「鉤【かぎ】括弧【かっこ】」 is probably what you're looking for. Example:\n\n> 「は」は係助詞です。\n\nThese are used like quotes in English.\n\nThere's also a doubled-up form that can be used if the text is already quoted.\n\n> 教師は微妙な表情をして、「『は』は係助詞です。」と言いました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T18:36:41.607",
"id": "62393",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "62386",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
62386
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62393
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62393
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62400",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hopefully, the two following sentences are grammatically valid:\n\n> 旅行の後で帰った時話を話す。\n>\n> 旅行の後で帰った時話が話される。\n\nIf so, can I use either as a basis for a relative clause modifying 話; are the\ntwo following sentences valid? Do they differ in meaning?\n\n> 土産話は旅行の後で帰った時話す話です。\n>\n> 土産話は旅行の後で帰った時話される話です。\n\nWhat I mean to say is \"Souvenir stories are stories told after coming back\nfrom a trip\". Does either sentence convey that meaning, or are they both wrong\naltogether?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T17:03:10.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T15:57:57.987",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27777",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"passive-voice",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Relative clauses modifying a noun: passive voice?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your sentences have several flaws unrelated to your main concern. 話を話す (\"to\ntalk a talk\"?) is weird, and you have to say 話をする instead. 旅行の後で帰る sounds\nclumsy and redundant, and it's better to say 旅行から帰る. When you introduce the\ndefinition of a word, it's better to use\n[とは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19310/5010) instead of は.\n\nAfter fixing these, yes, you can say all of the following.\n\n> * 旅行から帰った時話をする。\n> * 旅行から帰った時話がされる。\n>\n\n> * 土産話とは、旅行から帰った時する話です。\n> * 土産話とは、旅行から帰った時される話です。\n>\n\nする話 and される話 effectively refer to the same thing in this case because people\ncan automatically find the implicit subject that makes the most sense. [This\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61710/5010) may be related.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T01:41:12.757",
"id": "62400",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T03:12:43.967",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62387
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62400
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62400
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62443",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I would like to ask someone some book recommendations. I've studied\n「ほうがいいです。」but I'm not sure if 「何の本を読んだほうがいいですか。」would be OK.\n\nShould I say it in another way?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T17:05:19.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62389",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T03:52:26.553",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T05:33:02.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "27151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Can ~ほうがいいですか be used to ask for recommendations?",
"view_count": 2080
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can say\n\n> おすすめの本はありますか\n\nWhich literally is\n\n> Is there a book you recommend?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T20:29:28.847",
"id": "62396",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T19:20:37.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T19:20:37.180",
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"owner_user_id": "31276",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "“何の本を読んだ方がいいですか“ is not wrong, but it sounds a bit awkward.\n\n“方がいい” following any verb literally means “had better do something”. So, it’s\nused when you have multiple things to compare, and the person you are talking\nto has to know what you are comparing.\n\nIf your friend is talking about multiple books, you can ask\n“どの本を読んだ方がいいと思う？(=which books do you think I’d better read?)”. \n何の本 sounds like “what kind of books”, so you’d better say “どの本“ (=“which\nbook”). “いいですか” sounds like you have something to achieve through reading, so\nit’s more natural to say “思いますか(what do you think)”.\n\nIf you want to ask someone about their recommendations without any context\nlike this, \nyou can say...\n\n> 1. 何か本のおすすめはありますか？ \n> Do you have any books you would recommend? \n> (“何か“=“any”)\n>\n> 2. おすすめの本はあったりしますか？ \n> =not directly, but it means something like \n> “I was wondering if you had any recommendations for reading.” \n> It’s really common to be used as well.\n>\n>\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T20:05:36.657",
"id": "62443",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T03:52:26.553",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "62389",
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"score": 2
}
] |
62389
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62443
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62443
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62404",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "the kanji 隣 tonari, it is formed by: \n- the radical ⻖ : こざとへん hill, mounds; \n- the radical 舛 : まいあし contrary, to err; \n- the kanji 米 : ベイ rice.\n\nKnowing such components, if it is possible, how can I conclude that that kanji\nmeans _neighbor_? What is the reasoning to follow? Many Thanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T18:09:07.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62391",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T07:47:07.070",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T05:08:35.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "31412",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "How to arrive to the meaning of the kanji tonari 隣 through its components?",
"view_count": 735
}
|
[
{
"body": "Etymologically, none. Because it is a phono-semantic compound in Chinese,\nwhere the semantic element 阝 “city, town” is added over a phonetic 粦 [rins] to\nproduce the meaning “something connected to the city pronounced almost like\n[rins]” (actually [rin]; in modern Mandarin lín and also lín, in Japanese both\nare りん).\n\nAs for an association to jelp remember the kanji, just imagine a rice feast\nand dance (treat 舛 as the lower part of 舞, to dance) party behind the sturdy 阝\nwall of your neighbour :D .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T18:22:56.893",
"id": "62392",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T18:22:56.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "62391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "「隣」was originally an administrative unit of a group of households in ancient\nChina, relating to the size of villages/towns/cities. This definition was\nextended to mean _neighbour_. The orthodox structure「鄰」is comprised of\nsemantic「⻖/邑」( _town, city_ ) and phonetic「[粦]{りん}」.\n\n# ` \n[篆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_seal_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XVWp5.png) \n[說文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) \n``[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WD9oh.png) \n[睡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuihudi_Qin_bamboo_texts)・[日乙](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)21 \n``[東{{ko:漢}}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han) \n[隸](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rmVc4.png) \n繁陽令楊君 \n``現代 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E9vsJ.png) \n \n`\n\nThis structure is important for the explanation, as「⻖」is the おおざと component on\nthe right rather than the こざと component「阜」on the left.\n\n> 「阜」depicts a _row of hill mounds_ , used in characters to do with _hills_ or\n> _arrays_ , e.g.\n>\n> * 「陰/陽」, _north/south side of a hill_\n> * 「阪」, _slope_\n> * 「隊」, _team/group_ (\"an array of people\")\n> * 「陣」, _battle formation_ (\"an array of war chariots\"「車」)\n>\n\nIn Japanese, the variant structure「隣」was chosen as the standard which\nswitched「⻖」to the left hand side, so you'll have to make an exception in this\noccurrence of「⻖」.\n\n「粦」only contributes to sound, not meaning, in this character. As far as I can\nrecall, the only character where「粦」contributes etymology (and hence meaning)\nis「燐」( _phosphorus_ ).\n\n> 「粦」was the original character of「燐」, which refers to the [will-o'-the-\n> wisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp)/ _ignus fatuus_\n> ghost fire phenomenon, where green lights are seen around decomposing\n> bodies. The modern meaning _phosphorus_ of「燐」is due to much of the decaying\n> organic compounds containing this element.\n>\n> 「粦」was originally comprised of「大」(frontal view of an _adult_ > _big_ ),\n> representing a decaying body, and additional small markings around it,\n> indicating will-o'-the-wisp lights.\n>\n> # `[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n> [甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hqZui.png) \n>\n> [後](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)2.9.4 \n> [合集261](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=261&jgwfl=)`\n>\n> Later on, _feet*_ 「舛」were added, and the body + dots were corrupted\n> into「炎」and then further corrupted into「米」.\n>\n> # `[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n> [金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7TOmx.png) \n> 尹姞鬲 \n> [集成755](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=755&jgwfl=)`` \n> 篆 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MFPex.png) \n> 說文解字 \n> ``現代 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Oif6r.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> *「舛 : まいあし」refers to the bottom component ([足]{あし}) of「[舞]{まい}」; the meaning\n> _opposing > contrary_ is an extension of「舛」depicting a pair of (opposing\n> shaped/left + right) _feet_.\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * 王力《王力古{{ko:漢}}語字典》\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)\n * [國學大師](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/)\n * [Chinese Linguipedia](http://chinese-linguipedia.org/search_source.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T04:46:36.620",
"id": "62404",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T07:47:07.070",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "62391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
62391
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62404
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62404
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62401",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 通常なら流せる発言も、あるいは飲み込める怒りも、慣れない自給自足の生活でささくれだった神経では不可能になる人間がいるのだと。\n\ncontext is about a group of people, trapped in the wilderness for a while.\n\nTo be able to talk normally, or to to be able hold back anger, due to this\nunaccustomed self-sufficient lifestyle, their nerves deteriorated, things are\nlike that became impossible for some of them.\n\n> 彼女の心のどこかに、歪んだ贖罪の心がわき起こる。こんなになってしまった先生を受け容れるのが、私に出来る数少ない贖罪の方法なのではないかと。\n\nMarginally related to the first context\n\n...To accept this disheveled sensei’s demands, would one of the few ways she\ncan atone for her sins right?\n\nSpeaker a 3rd person narrator of the story for both sentences. Is this just to\nexpress a degree of uncertainy as if the narrator only thinking \"___\" is the\ncase? The narrator is omniscient, is this just to tease the reader?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-24T19:36:27.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62395",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T02:26:05.043",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T02:26:05.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"quotes"
],
"title": "sentence ending と for third person narrators",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first one (人間がいるのだと) is probably an example of 倒置法 (\"hyperbaton\"), the use\nof reversed word order for a dramatic effect. You should be able to find the\nverb that corresponds to this quotative-と in the _previous_ context (考え直した,\n気づいた, etc). Brackets are often omitted like this in Japanese even when direct\nspeech is used. と is an explicit quotation marker, so there is nothing wrong\nif the third person narrator uses it.\n\n * [Ending sentences with \"、と。\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62152/5010)\n * [Direct and indirect quotes](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30584/5010)\n\nThe second one (贖罪の方法なのではないかと), it's still a quotative-と, and it explains\nsomething in the previous sentence. It can be rephrased as:\n\n> 彼女の心のどこかに、「こんなになってしまった先生を受け容れるのが、私に出来る数少ない贖罪の方法なのではないか」という、歪んだ贖罪の心がわき起こる。\n\nOr you may think 思った/感じた is omitted after this と.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T02:05:42.330",
"id": "62401",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T02:17:09.417",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T02:17:09.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62395
|
62401
|
62401
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62419",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みなさんこんにちは。 \nI came across this paragraph in japanesetest4you site.\n\n>\n> 妻の掃除と整理の仕方、これはもう極端に偏執的である。たとえば自分の好きなところはピカピカ光るほど磨き上げるが、興味のないところは何年もほこりが積み放しになっている。家の中のある部分は精神質なくらい整然と物が並び、だれかが彼女の留守にほんの一ミリほど品物を動かしてもすぐに気づいてしまう。そのかわり、いつも手のつけようもないほどむちゃくちゃにものが突っ込んであるところが家の中に一、二ヶ所は必ずある。\n>\n> 妻のものの **しまい方**\n> は普通の世間並みとは大分違う。普通の人なら大概たんすにしまう品が食器棚に入っていたり、流しの棚にあるはずのものが冷蔵庫にしまってあったりする。\n> **探す以上一応我々の常識と因襲を全部脱ぎ棄てて、白紙にかえって探さねばならぬが**\n> 、そんなことは容易にできることではない。次に、彼女の物の置き方、並べ方はことごとく彼女の抱いている美の法則によって支配されているので、実用上の便宜というものは一切無視される。どんな不便を忍んでも彼女は自分の美を守り通そうとする。ときにわたしが抗議を申し込んでみてもとうていむだである。\n\nThe reading comprehension question is what does 白紙にかえって探さねばならぬ mean in this\ncontext? (The answer given is 常識的な考えは捨てて探すこと.)\n\nTwo of these phrases, both the question and the answer, are incomprehensible\nto me.\n\nAlso what is 捨てて探す? What is しまい方?\n\nCan anyone explain what it means and translate the bold sentences in the\nparagraph?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T08:46:22.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62405",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T01:16:40.230",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"jlpt",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 白紙にかえって探さねばならぬ mean in this context",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "しまい方 is a colloquial of 片づけ方(かたづけかた) Some people use 直し方(なおしかた) instead.\n\nしまう 片づける 直す is cleaning up the room by throw/store things into closet.\n\nThe wife is good at cleaning; After her cleaning, there are no dirt. Ornaments\nare well displayed. Table surface are shiny. Yet to accomplish such nifty\nspace, she hides dishes, clothes, or any uninteresting things elsewhere.\n\nImagine that the husband wants to find his camera. A camera is supposed to be\nplaced in a shelf, but the wife might throw it into the cupboard(because she\ndoesn't care where to hide ).\n\nHe says he must forget all the commonsense(白紙に返って) where the missing things\nare supposed to be put into before he begins searching.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T01:16:40.230",
"id": "62419",
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"score": 1
}
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62405
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62419
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62419
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The passage is as follows\n\n> 「ちょうどクラスの半分が参加しているみたいですね」\n>\n> 「え、そんなに？」\n>\n> 先ずはマユリさん **からと** 練習していた為、気にしていなかったのか、私に言われ指さし確認する。\n\nThank you for any assistance.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-25T09:14:04.237",
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"id": "62406",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does からと mean in this passage",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "You will know the meaning of \"と\"(with). In this sentence からと means 'with' too.\n\n\"から\" means 'from', but why do we use 'from' when we are 'practicing with'\nsomeone? I think it's used because there is \"先ずは\"(At first,).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T00:01:15.390",
"id": "62450",
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{
"body": "This と is a quotative particle, but the related verb is omitted.\n\n> 先ずはマユリさんからと練習していた為\n\nis:\n\n> 「先ずはマユリさんから」と（思って）練習していた為 \n> (He/she) was practicing thinking \"I'll start with Mayuri\", so...\n\nRelated:\n\n * [verb+ようにと、 or verb+かと、](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21680/5010)\n * [What does にと do?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16000/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-27T06:16:08.587",
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"score": 2
}
] |
62406
| null |
62455
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62411",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I need help understanding this sentence,\n\n> 虫が止まったみたいな扱いだ。\n\nThe Context is that the speaker is frustrated with what his conversation\npartner is doing/saying, but he is trying to help him as they have a client-\nemployer relationship.\n\nI tried looking it up in Japanese, but nothing would come up. I'd really\nappreciate if someone could tell me what this means. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T11:43:16.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62407",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T12:12:29.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "28000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "I need help understanding 「虫が止まったみたいな扱いだ。」",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 虫が止まった means an insect sticks to someone. How do most people feel when an\ninsect sticks to them? Probably, they feel a bit bad or nothing, and then they\nbrush it off. The speaker complains that he is treated like that.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T13:53:15.323",
"id": "62411",
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"parent_id": "62407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "虫が止まったみたいな扱いだ Let me explain grammar and meaning for you\n\n扱い means treatment and みたいな (using for modify noun 扱い)means “like”. And 虫が止まった\nmeans insect stay,stop, stick in someone. So, the meaning is “ you act like a\ninsect sticks into someone”. (When insects stay or stick in your body, you\nfeel frustrate right?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T19:04:50.537",
"id": "62416",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-25T19:04:50.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62407
|
62411
|
62411
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62434",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\n\n> 私がこの町のことをよく知っているのは、 前に________。 \n> 1. 住んでいたんですから \n> 2. 住んでいたからなんです\n\nAccording to the answer key, the correct answer is 2.\n\nI want to know why it is not answer 1. \nWhat is the difference between たんですから and たからなんです?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T13:24:46.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62408",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T02:20:57.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31690",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-から",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "たんですから vs たからなんです",
"view_count": 912
}
|
[
{
"body": "> [接助］活用語の終止形に付く\n>\n> 1. 理由・原因を表す。「もう遅いから帰ろう」\n>\n> 2. (終助詞的に用いて）強い主張、決意を表す。「思い知らせてやるから」\n>\n>\n\nYour example 1 is the number 2 usage and your example 2 is the number 1 usage.\nSo your example 2 is appropriate for this answer.\n\nGenerally, から in ですから that is the end of a sentence is the numner 2 usage and\nから in からです is the numner 1 usage.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T07:44:22.907",
"id": "62433",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T08:02:59.737",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T08:02:59.737",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 私がこの町のことをよく知っているのは、 前に住んでいたからなんです。 \n> \"The reason why I know this town well is, because I used to live here\n> before.\" \n> \"It is because I used to live here that I know this town well.\"\n\nThis is a cleft sentence. For more details on cleft sentences, please refer to\n[this thread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/9831).\n\nThe ん(の) in なんです(なのです) is the explanatory の.\n\nIn the normal word order the sentence would be:\n\n> 前に住んで **いたから** 、私はこの町のことをよく知っているんです。 \n> \"Because I used to live here, I know this town well.\"\n\nHere in the original/normal sentence you use 「いたから」 and not 「いたんですから」, so you\nuse 「いたから」 in the cleft sentence, too. Also, you'd need to end the cleft\nsentence with 「～です。」, and therefore the correct answer should be #2.\n\n> Normal sentence: 「XXXから、YYY(ん)です。」 \"Because XXX, YYY.\" \n> → Cleft sentence: 「YYYなのは、XXXから(なん)です。」 \"It's because XXX that YYY.\"\n\n* * *\n\nExample:\n\nNormal word order: 優しいから、佐藤さんは人気があります。(or ある **ん** です using the explanatory の) \n\"Because Sato-san is kind, she is popular.\" \n↓ \nCleft sentence: 佐藤さんが人気があるのは、優しいからです。(or からな **ん** です using the explanatory の) \n\"It is because Sato-san is kind that she is popular.\"",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T09:32:31.243",
"id": "62434",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62408",
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"score": 1
}
] |
62408
|
62434
|
62433
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take a look at this sentence:\n\n> そこで、[山羊]{やぎ}は、[今度]{こんど} **も** きつねの[言]{い}うとおりにしました。\n\nThe **_mo_** after **_kondo_** seems strange. I know it means **also** , and\nit is indeed translated as so. However, there is no previous context for this\n**also** to make sense. More specifically, the passage does not describe a\nprevious instance of the goat following the fox's words. So what is going on\nhere?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T13:33:50.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62409",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-25T14:13:03.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "A seemingly strange use of も: 「今度もきつねの言うとおりにしました」",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems difficult to judge what this 今度も is referring to without more\ncontext, so I tried searching for the sentence in question, and found what\nseems to be the full story\n[here](http://www.jpwind.com/studyol/xb/xb0310.htm).\n\nIn the first paragraph of the story, the fox asks the goat to come down to the\nbottom of the well, and the goat does as the fox says. Then the fox asks the\ngoat to stand in a specific position, and that's when we get this sentence\nsaying \"And so, the goat once again did as the fox said.\" So it is indeed the\nsecond time the goat is following the fox's instructions.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T13:52:47.503",
"id": "62410",
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"owner_user_id": "25107",
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"score": 2
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62409
| null |
62410
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "「〜ますし」の文法と意味は何ですか。\n\n> 例）「しかしわたしたちは、雪の下で何が起きているか **わかりますし** 、起きていることを想像することもできます。」\n\nこの「し」の使い方と意味を説明していただけませんか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T17:35:26.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62414",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T01:05:30.650",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-23T04:00:39.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-し"
],
"title": "「〜ますし」の文法と意味は何ですか。",
"view_count": 1152
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'll answer in English since I think it might be better for the readers of\nthis forum who are more comfortable reading explanations in English.\n\nThe word \"し\" in this case is used after a verb or i-adjective in order to give\na feeling of \"and\", but in a more disconnected sense than using the して (分かりまして\nin this case) form. Perhaps you could think of it a little like ending the\nsentence there, and then adding a ”そして” before the next part.\n\nThe word is used in both written and spoken language (perhaps more in the\nlatter), and when spoken the intonation on the し drops slightly, and is\ngenerally followed by a pause.\n\nHere it is used after the -masu form, so わかります + し => わかりますし. Essentially, it\nmeans here \"We understand X and...(can also imagine...)\"\n\n[Here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/05/04/japanese-phrase-\nender-%E3%81%97-shi/) is a page I wrote on this sometime back if you want more\nexamples.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T17:45:53.323",
"id": "62415",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-23T03:43:53.317",
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{
"body": "I'll also answer in English, because my Japanese isn't good enough.\n\nMy grammar reference book lists し as \"a conjunction to indicate 'and' in an\nemphatic way\". Genki lists this particle as the particle to list reasons. For\ninstance:\n\n> 今日はテニスもしたし、映画も見た \n> I not only played tennis but also saw a movie today.\n\nTypically, plain endings come before し, but polite endings are also\nacceptable, as you showed in your sentence, so we could write:\n\n> 今日はテニスもしましたし、映画も見ました\n\nAs for usage, we can put clauses before し. Any clause ending with a noun or\nna-adjective must retain だ. The resulting component is an adverbial clause.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-01-23T03:44:57.570",
"id": "93087",
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62414
| null |
62415
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I am struggling with this sentence, and was wondering if I have interpreted\nthe idiom correctly?\n\nI have found that 尻馬に乗る means 'to follow suit', 'to follow the lead of others'\nor 'A fool laughs when others laugh'.\n\nHowever, in this sentence, it is paired with 大災厄の尻馬に乗って\n\n> すでに起こってしまった大災厄の尻馬に乗って人間たちを嘲笑いに出かけるという先生のやり口は、じつにぶざまに思われた。\n\nDoes this instead mean 'to take advantage of'?\n\n> The way Sensei exploited the great disaster that had already befallen the\n> area in order to ridicule the humans, I thought, was truly terrible.\n\nAny thoughts on this would be greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-25T20:48:36.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62417",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T06:51:27.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"idioms",
"literature"
],
"title": "尻馬に乗る Have I understood this idiom correctly?",
"view_count": 105
}
|
[
{
"body": "I never see 尻馬に乗る to something. I only see 尻馬に乗る to somebody or at least an\nopinion of somebody. And it means \"quick to follow others blindly\", as you\nmentioned.\n\nSo, 大災厄の尻馬に乗る does not make sense to me at least without context. I think\n尻馬に乗る does not have a meaning \"taking advantage of\", but at least I agree your\ninterpretation fits the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T06:51:27.213",
"id": "62431",
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62417
| null |
62431
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62437",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the meaning of しなければならず in this article?\n\n> 「拘束中に、事情があってイスラム教に **改宗しなければならず**\n> 、そこで自分で『ウマル』というのを選んでいた。彼らが設定したルールに従って言った」と説明し\n\n[link to the original and complete\nphrase](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181025/k10011684931000.html?utm_int=all_side_ranking-\nsocial_003)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T01:58:42.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62420",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T03:18:15.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"auxiliary-ず"
],
"title": "The meaning of しなければならず in this article",
"view_count": 582
}
|
[
{
"body": "しなければならず stands for しなければならない It means ( must).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T06:19:02.737",
"id": "62429",
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{
"body": "しなければならず literally means \"have to do~~ and...\" \"must do~~ and...\"\n\nThe ず is the continuative form (連用形) of the classical negative auxiliary ぬ,\nwhich corresponds to the negative auxiliary ない in modern Japanese.\n\nBasically:\n\nしなければならぬ (しなければならない in modern Japanese) ← terminal form (終止形) \nしなければならず (しなければならなく(て)* in modern Japanese) ← continuative form (連用形)\n\n*しなければならず is still used mainly in writing and formal speech. We also use しなければいけなくて、しなくてはいけなくて、しないといけなくて、しなくてはならなくて, or more colloquially しなきゃいけなくて、しなくちゃいけなくて, etc. \n\n> 拘束中に、事情があってイスラム教に改宗 **しなければならず、** そこで自分で『ウマル』というのを選んでいた。 \n> During detention, due to the circumstances / for reasons I **had to**\n> convert to Islam, **and** at that time I chose the name 'Umar' for myself.\n\n(If you were to split the sentence into two, you'd say like\n拘束中に、事情があってイスラム教に改宗 **しなければならなかった。そして** そこで自分で『ウマル』というのを選んでいた。)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-26T13:31:41.833",
"id": "62437",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62420
|
62437
|
62437
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62425",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading \"Ikigai\" by H.Garcia and F.Miralles, and I've just read the\nfollowing paragraph:\n\n> **There is, in fact, no word in Japanese that means _retire_** in the sense\n> of \"leaving the workforce for good\" as in English. According to Dan\n> Buettner, a _National Geographic_ reporter who knows the country well,\n> having a purpose in life is so important in Japanese culture that our idea\n> of retirement simply doesn't exist there.\n\nIs it true? Isn't 辞める that very word which means the thing?\n\nI see what the authors mean here and agree that staying active is crucial, but\nI wonder if you agree that the idea of retirement simply _doesn't exist_.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T03:04:00.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62421",
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"last_editor_user_id": "31549",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The real meaning of 辞める",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think we usually use 「引退{いんたい}する」in this context. 「辞める」 basically means\nquitting a job, so it is not limited to retirement. The usage of 「引退する」 is\nespecially common when considering sports athletes, political leaders, and\nexecutive positions (like VP, CEO etc.), but normally people also 引退 from\ntheir job, in the sense of leaving the workforce.\n\nWe also have slang word called 「生涯現役{しょうがいげんえき}」, meaning \"being active all\nhis life\". Sometimes it literally means being in the workforce forever, but\nmost of the time it just means being active, spending a purposeful life,\nmaintaining a purpose in life, so it is not just limited to being in the\nworkforce.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T05:33:05.243",
"id": "62425",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
62421
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62425
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62425
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "context is about drugging someone up to get them to more lively again for\nsexual purposes\n\n> やがて反応が磨耗し、クスリを用いて復調したと思ったら\n> **明後日の方向に電波を飛ばしまくりときては、単に溜まったから排泄するという感覚の方が近くなる。**\n>\n> before long her responses became dull, we used the drug, thinking that it\n> would get her back to form....... \"電波\" are recklessly fired two days into\n> the future, on top of that, because the \"電波\" and simply collected , a\n> feeling of excrement is impending.\n\nHonestly, i have no idea what this saying in the 2nd part, there some strange\neuphemism here?\n\ni've read\n[this](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14172368874)\n\n> この場合は「追加される」という意味で捉えると良いでしょう。先にある情報に後から来て加わるということです。\n\nis this appropriate to apply to this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T03:12:19.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62422",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T06:43:02.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "use of ときては in this sentence",
"view_count": 259
}
|
[
{
"body": "`noun + とくる` is an exclamatory and emphatic set phrase which is like \"you know\nwhat\", \"on top of that\", \"when it comes to ...\", etc. See: [What does 「ときている」\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24096/5010)\n\n> * 彼はハンサムで、しかも金持ちときた。\n> * 日本ときたら寿司でしょう！\n>\n\nLikewise, this ときては somewhat emphasizes the long noun phrase,\nクスリを用いて復調したと思ったら明後日の方向に電波を飛ばしまくり.\n\nThis ～と思ったら rougly means \"soon after (realizing) ～\", \"once ～\". 明後日の方向に is an\nidiomatic set phrase meaning \"completely wrong direction\", \"in a totally\nunexpected way\", etc. I'm not sure what this 電波 refers to, but it may be\nrelated to [this sense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denpa).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T06:43:02.417",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62422
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62456
|
62456
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62427",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to say \"If you like men in suits, I think you will like the U.K.,\"\nbut I'm struggling with it.\n\nThis is my attempt so far:\n\n「あなたがスーツの男の人が好きであればあなたがイギリスきっと気に入ると思います。」\n\n(1) Is this grammatically correct? If I were only translating the first part\nof the sentence, I would say 「あなた **は** スーツの男の人が好きです」, but I was worried that\nusing the topic particle in a conditional construction might apply to the\nwhole sentence, not just the first clause, i.e. I would be saying \"You think\nif...\"\n\n(2) Is it kosher to say 「イギリス気に入る」, or do you need to somehow explicitly\nindicate that you might enjoy **being in** London?\n\n(3) Is it possible to drop either of the explicit subjects (「あなたが」)? Even if\nthe sentence is grammatically correct, it feels relatively clumsy as is.\n\nOn an tangentially related note, is there an idiomatic way to say \"under-\ndressed\" in Japanese, as in \"I always felt under-dressed in London\"?\n\nThanks in advance for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T05:33:09.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62426",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T06:15:25.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How to express conditional prefernces: \"If you like X, I think you will like Y\"",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. As far as grammar goes, I think it will be correct to say it as:\n\n> あなたがスーツの男の人が好きであれば、あなた **は** イギリスが/をきっと気に入ると思います。\n\n 2. I would say イギリスが気に入る or maybe イギリスを気に入る.\n\n 3. Yes, you can drop あなたが/は, as in: \n\n> スーツの男の人が好きであれば、イギリスがきっと気に入ると思います。\n\nOr a bit more naturally...\n\n> スーツを着た / スーツ姿の男の人が好きなら、きっとイギリスが気に入ると思います(よ)。 \n> スーツを着た / スーツ姿の男性が好きなら、イギリスはきっと気に入ると思います(よ)。/ きっと気に入りますよ。\n\nFor \"under-dressed\", how about using ラフな(ラフすぎる)服装/[恰好]{かっこう},\nカジュアルな(カジュアルすぎる)服装, or maybe [普段着]{ふだんぎ} or [軽装]{けいそう}?\n\n> I always felt under-dressed in London. \n> ロンドンではいつも自分の服装/恰好がラフすぎる/カジュアルすぎる気がしました。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T05:58:23.523",
"id": "62427",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 3
}
] |
62426
|
62427
|
62427
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62439",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The four cardinal directions are the directions **north** , **east** ,\n**south** , and **west**. The intermediate directions are **northeast** ,\n**southeast** , **southwest** , and **northwest**. In English it would be\nincorrect to say _eastnorth_ , for example. But in Japanese 東北 (literally\n_eastnorth_ ) and 西北 (literally _westnorth_ ) are quite right _(BUT 南東 and\n南西!)_\n\nWhich directions are considered primary and intermediate in Japan? If\neverything is just the same as in the West, why do we say 東北, not 北東, and 西北\ninstead of 北西?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T06:26:12.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62430",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T07:21:06.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Cardinal and intermediate directions",
"view_count": 1016
}
|
[
{
"body": "it appears that the directional variation you've noticed is simply, as Leebo\npointed out in the comments, a matter of regional names vs. directions.\n\n<https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese/Vocabulary/Direction>\n\ntechnically, the region name 東北 does in fact indicate a direction, as you\nwould not expect to find such a region anywhere but to the east and north of\nthe country. But the \"reverse order\" of the kanji in its name allows instant\nclarity as to the fact that what is being discussed is that entire specific\nregion, and not simply something to your personal north east, or just\n\"somewhere in the north east\" area of Japan.\n\nA search for information on compass directions in Japanese yields many pages,\nsome simple, and some more helpful. One example of a simple page with a nice\ngraphic:\n\n<https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2017/03/north-west-south-east-cardinal-\ndirections.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T07:18:10.070",
"id": "62432",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T10:55:13.397",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T10:55:13.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "62430",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Sometimes confusion arises because there are two different systems of\nclassifying cardinal directions in Japanese. There is a system which uses the\nWestern style of emphasizing **North/South** as the first part of the word.\nThis is the dominant system in Japan now. But there is also a system which\napparently originated in China which emphasizes **East/West** in the first\npart of the word. This is disappearing and some of the cardinal points are not\nused much (if ever) now. Here is how the two systems differ.\n\n> **Western System**\n>\n> **N** 北 \n> **NE** 北東 \n> **E** 東 \n> **SE** 南東 \n> **S** 南 \n> **SW** 南西 \n> **W** 西 \n> **NW** 北西\n\n.................................................................\n\n> **'Chinese' System**\n>\n> **N** 北 \n> **NE** 東北 \n> **E** 東 \n> **SE** 東南 \n> **S** 南 \n> **SW** 西南 \n> **W** 西 \n> **NW** 西北\n\nAs mentioned, the Western system is dominant but there are cases where the\nChinese system is still used. For example, you get names like 東北 and 東南アジア\nwhereas the term 西南 isn’t in everyday use. I think you will still find all the\n'Chinese style' directions listed in a dictionary, but they have been\nsuperseded by the Western system for the most part.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T15:25:02.757",
"id": "62439",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T07:21:06.487",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-02T07:21:06.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62430",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
62430
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62439
|
62439
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "me and my buddies are reading a novel based on the manga series \"Bleach.\" We\nare trying to interpret the name of a character's power-up\n\n> 逆様邪八宝塞 (sakashima, yokoshima, Hatsubou, fusagari)\n\nThe character's powers are \"reversal\" based.\n\nWe are debating over these questions -\n\n1) Does 塞 describe 八宝 or act as a noun?. 2) Does 邪 affect 逆様 or 八宝?\n\nMy interpretation is-\n\n> eight treasure obstruction of reversed evil\n\nMy buddy thinks it's more likely-\n\n> Eight obstructed treasures of evil reversal.\n\nBut if we go with my buddy's interpretation, why isn't 塞 placed in front of 八宝\ninstead? Same with 邪 and 逆様. Doesn't the object being described come after the\ndescriptor in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T12:07:28.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62435",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T06:47:01.260",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T06:47:01.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Help interpreting a chain of Kanji from manga",
"view_count": 475
}
|
[
{
"body": "I suspect the correct reading of 八宝塞 is not \"hatsubou fusagari\" but \"happou-\nfusagari\". It seems like a clear play on the common expression 八方塞, also\npronounced \"happou-fusagari\", which means \"nowhere to run\" (literally \"blocked\nfrom all eight directions\").\n\nAs for why 方 \"directions\" in the original expression has been replaced with 宝\n\"treasures\" here, it's difficult to say for sure without knowing more about\nthe context of this ability.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T12:47:53.727",
"id": "62436",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25107",
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"score": 2
}
] |
62435
| null |
62436
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62441",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the sentence (found in Kanji in Context's workbook)\n\n> 事故を起こさないよう、万全の注意を払った。\n\nI assume 起こさないよう is the negative short form of 起こす followed by よう. But I can't\nfind an explanation, or other occurrences, of such a construct. According to\ngoogle's translation tool, the sentence means something like\n\n> I paid perfect attention so as not to cause an accident.\n\nSo, よう following the short form of a verb indicates goal/purpose? Is that\ncorrect? If so, could you point me to a reference, or to other occurrences?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T15:33:48.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62440",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T20:42:28.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27777",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "よう after (negated) short form of verb",
"view_count": 373
}
|
[
{
"body": "I always assumed this was the same as ように.\n\nEDIT: as the comments say, よう without the に is more formal.\n\n<https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-you-ni/>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T15:41:00.050",
"id": "62441",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T20:42:28.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T20:42:28.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "902",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "“よう” indicates purposes, and it’s directly translated as “so as to~”.\n\nIn the sentence “事故を起こさないよう“, “起こさない” is the negative form of “起こす“, followed\nby “ない(means “not”). The following word ”よう” means “so as to”.\n\nSo, the sentence as a whole is translated as “so as not to cause an accident”.\nTo say “so as not to do something”, you can say the negative form of any verb\nfollowed by “ない“, and put “よう“ at the end.\n\nFor example,\n\n 1. 風邪を **ひかないよう** 、気を付けて下さい。 =So as not to catch a cold, please take care of yourself.\n\n 2. 試験で **失敗しないよう** 、たくさん勉強して下さい。 =So as not to fail in the exam, please study a lot.\n\n“よう“ sounds quite polite and formal, so “ように” is more common to be used in\nconversations ( both words have exactly the same meaning ).\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T19:04:47.863",
"id": "62442",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-26T20:27:19.140",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-26T20:27:19.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "31724",
"owner_user_id": "31724",
"parent_id": "62440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62440
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62441
|
62441
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62446",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 本日、午前11時頃、神奈川県横浜市のアパートで、 **３０前後と見られる** 男性が、血まみれで死亡している **ところが**\n> 見つかり、神奈川県警は、殺人事件として捜査しています。\n\nI have no idea what 前後 could mean here. Is this about his age? From what I\nfound, とみられる could be translated as \"x is considered to be\" so I guess in this\ncase it would be that \"a man (who is considered to be in his thirties) covered\nin blood has been found dead.\n\nDoes ところ here means \"place\"? I'm a bit confused since it's already clear that\nthe crime scene was in an apartment, so why would they say that they found the\ncrime scene again? I was also thinking that ところ could imply his state (covered\nin blood and dead).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T20:35:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62444",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T14:20:22.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T06:50:30.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Need help understanding this sentence: 「30前後とみられる男性が血まみれで死亡しているところが見つかり...」",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "“[前後]{ぜんご}” in this context means “approximately / around”.\n\nIt should be written as “30歳前後“ to make it clear that it refers to the age\nalthough we sometimes eliminate the part “歳(=age)” in informal conversations.\n\nThese two Kanjis have following meanings. \n前=former, before, ... / 後= later, after, ...\n\nVisually, it indicates something like this. \n1, 2, 3, .... 30歳前(before thirties), 30, 30歳後(after thirtieth), ..., 41, 42,\n....\n\n“30歳前後と見られる男性” means “A man who is estimated to be around 30 years old”.\n\n“~と見られる” can be translated as “estimated as~”. It indicates probabilities, and\nis used when you don’t have a clear evidence for your guess.\n\nFor example, \nサルと見られる動物 = An animal which is probably a monkey. \n(You don’t have any evidence, but you are just guessing that it’s a monkey).\n\nAs for “ところで“, it implies his state/condition in this context. “ところで” can be\nused to indicate states, conditions, circumstances, or situations in addition\nto its meaning as “place”.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 1. 犬が走っているところを見た。= I saw (the situation that) the dog was running.\n> 2. 彼が[苦]{くる}しんでるところを見た。= I saw the condition in which he was suffering.\n>\n\nThe sentence as a whole is translated as...\n\n> Today, at around 11 am, at an apartment in Yokohama city, a man was found in\n> the condition of being covered with blood and dead. Yokohama city police\n> department has looked into the incident as a murder.\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T22:28:29.310",
"id": "62446",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T14:20:22.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T14:20:22.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "31724",
"owner_user_id": "31724",
"parent_id": "62444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62444
|
62446
|
62446
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62449",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't understand the role of し after 留学 in the sentence:\n\n> 来年、日本に留学 **し** に行くと決めた。\n\nI heard that it is supposed to be a conjugated form of する, but I don't know a\nconjugation ending in just し. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T22:53:31.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62447",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T13:42:07.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T00:32:45.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31728",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"nouns",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What is the role of し after the noun?",
"view_count": 408
}
|
[
{
"body": "しに行くis a way to express \"go **with the purpose of doing** (something)\".\n\nThe し is the Continuative Form (連用形) of する - you will probably recognize it as\nthe base part of します. All verbs have a continuative form. For example, 話す\nwould be 話し, 食べる would be 食べ, etc. Basically it's the part that comes before\nます.\n\nWhen you have the construction: \n`Verb 1 (continuative form) + に + Verb 2`, it means \"to do Verb 2 with the\npurpose of carrying out Verb 1\".\n\nSo in your example sentence, 留学しに行く means \"go (Verb 2 行く) with the purpose of\nstudying abroad (Verb 1 留学する)\".\n\nBut it doesn't always have to be し, as that is only the case with する. Another\nexample phrase would be 先生に聞きに行く. This time 聞く is in the continuative form 聞き.\nSo the phrase is translated literally as \"go to the teacher with the purpose\nof asking something\". A more natural translation would be \"to go ask the\nteacher\". You might also recognize the phrase 見に行く (to go see something). This\nis also the same construction `Verb 1 continuative form + に + Verb 2.`",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-26T23:49:36.927",
"id": "62449",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T13:42:07.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T13:42:07.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "62447",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62447
|
62449
|
62449
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62463",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 清くない男女交際をするやからである\n\nI think this translates to 'being only interested in indecent relationships'.\nHowever I am not exactly sure what the word やから means over here.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T02:19:36.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62451",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T01:54:06.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T11:06:34.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "29632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does やから mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 439
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 清くない男女交際をするやからである \n> (They are) folks who have indecent relationships.\n\nThis やから is 輩 in kanji, and it's a slangy noun which means \"guys\", \"dudes\",\n\"badass\", etc. Everything before やから is a relative clause that modifies やから.\n(You may know やから is also a kansai-ben version of だから, but that's totally\nirrelevant here.) If this still doesn't make sense, please add the whole\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T15:08:17.613",
"id": "62463",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T01:54:06.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62451",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62451
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62463
|
62463
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちは。\n\nI'm from Venezuela and I'm studying in a culinary school located in Amazonas.\nI plan to use some Japanese recipes as part of my project and I've been\nthinking about a name for my thesis for a while. I thought about \"Amazonas,\nitadakimasu\" or \"Itadakimasu Amazonas\"; however, whenever I hear いただきます it is\nalways said alone and never with other words. For example \"おかあさんいただきます\". I'm\naware that this is beyond a simple \"bon apetit\" because it's a way say thank\nyou for everything you're about to eat ( everything in your plate).\n\nI'm also aware that most of the people that will read the thesis will not\nreally care about it (not because it's not important but because they won't\nunderstand), but I want to know if it's grammatically correct because I do\ncare.\n\nBtw, the tittle will be written in romaji as shown.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T02:33:13.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62452",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T09:27:08.943",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T09:27:08.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "13746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"food"
],
"title": "Can I use いただきます next to another word?",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[
{
"body": "いただきます said before a meal is basically just a custom, and it's usually\naddressed to no one in particular, although you may think you're thanking to\n\"everything\" by saying it. But if you have a particular existence (person,\ngod, place, or whatever) you are specifically thanking to, it's perfectly fine\nto add the name of the \"giver\" after or before いただきます.\n\nいただきます literally means \"(I) will receive (it)\". You can use this when you show\nyour gratitude after receiving something from someone who is higher than you.\n(The first half of the phrase is いただく, which is a [humble\nverb](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/honorific) meaning\n\"receive\".)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T06:06:57.280",
"id": "62454",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62452",
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"score": 4
}
] |
62452
| null |
62454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 愛しい and 愛おしい?\n\nIf possible, can you give me some example sentences?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T09:29:07.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62457",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T01:09:10.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T09:32:23.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "25772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 愛しい【いとしい】 and 愛おしい【いとおしい】?",
"view_count": 387
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you can read in the following website (<https://biz.trans-suite.jp/26489>),\nboth words are currently used with the same meaning. Though, いとおしい sounds more\nold, since it is indeed 古語 (old language), while いとしい is more 現代語 (current\nJapanese).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T01:09:10.387",
"id": "73892",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T01:09:10.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
}
] |
62457
| null |
73892
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 切れかけの蛍光灯。\n\nWhat does the above mean? What is 切れかけ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T12:22:11.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62459",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T13:40:32.013",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T13:40:32.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "切れかけの蛍光灯とは何ですか？とくに切れかけ？",
"view_count": 44
}
|
[] |
62459
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently noticed in passing that 湿気る is classified as both a godan and an\nichidan verb. \nFor example, the past tense could be either:\n\nしけった (godan)\n\nor\n\nしけた (ichidan).\n\nThis strikes me as being fairly unusual. Offhand, I can't think of any other\nverbs that have this feature. Perhaps someone knows other verbs which are\nclassified as both godan and ichidan? Maybe someone even knows why...",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T14:32:46.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62462",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T02:22:55.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T15:24:06.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "湿気る is both godan and ichidan. Are there other verbs like this?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "I know this is not an optimal method, but I did a full text search on デジタル大辞泉\nwith `五段化`, and found the following examples of ichidan-to-godan change.\n\n * 湿気る: 下一段動詞「しけ（湿気）る」の五段化。\n * 下さる: 《動詞「くだされる」（下一）の五段化》\n * 抉る: 《「こじる」（上一）の五段化》\n * 遣わさる: ［動ラ五（四）］「つかわされる」（下一段）の五段化。\n\n下さる and 抉る are always godan in modern Japanese. I didn't know 遣わさ(れ)る can\nconjugate as a godan verb. I did a similar search on 明鏡国語辞典 and 湿気る was the\nonly verb with the remark \"五段にも活用\". So I think 湿気る is a rare example of verbs\nthat are both fully godan and fully ichidan in modern Japanese.\n\nFWIW, I think I usually use the godan version of 湿気る. Most similar slangy\nverbs made from an on-yomi noun usually conjugate as a godan verb (駄弁る, 事故る,\n愚痴る, ...), so the ichidan version may become less popular in the far future.\n[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52536/5010) may be\nrelated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T02:22:55.317",
"id": "62476",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62462",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62462
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62468",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[Regarding stickers put on apples to make\npictures](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011686001000/k10011686001000.html):\n\n> シールを作った会社が毎年、農家の人にお願いしてこのりんごを作ってもらっています。 \n> Every year the company that makes these stickers receives requests from\n> farmers and receives the apples they make.\n\nI'm a bit confused about how to parse this sentence. Does もらう operate on both\n作る **and** お願いする? I see two separate things here\n\n> 1) 会社が毎年、農家の人にお願いしてもらっています。 \n> Every year the company receives (the benefit of) requests from farmers.\n\nThis makes sense. The farmers want fancy pictures on their apples so they ask\nfor stickers.\n\n> 2) 会社が毎年、農家の人にこのりんごを作ってもらっています。 \n> Every year the company receives (the benefit of) the farmers making these\n> apples.\n\nThis makes no sense to me at all. Why would the farmers be making the apples\n**for** the sticker company?\n\nI fear I have misunderstood something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T16:37:59.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62465",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T17:45:22.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "In AてBてもらう does もらう operate on A and B?",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Does もらう operate on both 作る and お願いする?\n\nもらう operates on 作る.\n\nYou can split the sentence this way:\n\n1) 会社が毎年、農家の人にお願いしています。 \nEvery year the company makes requests to farmers.\n\n2) 会社が毎年、農家の人にこのりんごを作ってもらっています。 \nEvery year the company receives (the benefit of) the farmers making these\napples.\n\n> シールを作った会社が毎年、農家の人にお願いしてこのりんごを作ってもらっています。 \n> Every year the company that made these sticker makes a request / asks the\n> farmers and has them make these apples.\n\n* * *\n\n> Why would the farmers be making the apples for the sticker company?\n\n[ここによりますと](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181025/k10011686001000.html):\n\n> 「シールを開発した弘前市の農業資材メーカー『佐藤袋店』では、毎年、市内の生産農家に『絵入りりんご』の栽培を依頼し、総理大臣官邸のほか、...\n> ベルサイユ宮殿などにも贈っています。」 \n> 「農業資材メーカーの佐藤義博社長は ...『無事に出荷できてうれしいです』と話していました。」\n\nとありますので、会社が絵入りリンゴを仕入れて、出荷してるみたいですね。。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T17:39:56.083",
"id": "62468",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62465
|
62468
|
62468
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62467",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "美味しい is being pronounced おいしい, but it is not the sum of the way its kanji\ncomponents are being pronounced. I think I have also seen it in some other\nwords. So why is that the pronunciation of some words doesn't make sense when\nyou look at their kanji components?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T16:40:19.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62466",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T18:14:56.530",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-27T18:14:56.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"ateji"
],
"title": "Why the pronunciation of some words is different than their components?",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "This phenomenon is called **jukujikun** in Japanese (熟字訓).\n\nIt is when a word's pronunciation is not derived from the standard ON and KUN\nreadings of the individual characters, but actually from the overall meaning\nof the individual kanji characters. In this case, the meaning of the word is\n'delicious', corresponding to 美 (beautiful) 味 (taste). In other words, the\ncharacters' KUN and ON readings are completely ignored.\n\nThe opposite phenomenon is also possible, i.e. that the meaning of the\nindividual kanji within a word have no relevance to the overall meaning of the\nword. This is called **ateji**. A common example is the word 寿司, where the す\ncomes from 寿 and the し comes from 司, but the meaning of these kanji is\nunrelated to the food. In other words, the characters' meanings are ignored.\n\nThese ways of reading kanji are a relic from an earlier time after kanji had\nrecently been borrowed from Chinese. At that time, there were many different\nexperimental ways of reading kanji. Over time, most of these died out due to\ntheir complexity, but **jukujikun** and **ateji** have remained and are still\nquite common.\n\nA few other common examples of jukujikun are 大人, 今日, 可笑しい, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T17:05:25.237",
"id": "62467",
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}
] |
62466
|
62467
|
62467
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the first page, this is written:\n\n>\n> 六{むっ}つのとき、原始林{げんしりん}のことを書{か}いた「ほんとうにあった話{はなし}」という、本{ほん}の中{なか}で、すばらしい絵{え}を見{み}たことがあります。\n\nI don't have the English version, but the Brazilian version says the\nequivalent of:\n\n> Once upon a time, when I was 6 years old, I saw in a book about the Virgin\n> Forest, Real Stories, a impressive drawing.\n\nWould it be correct if I said something like 私が六歳のとき?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T18:31:24.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62469",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T08:23:18.990",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-01T08:23:18.990",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "In 星の王子さま, what is this 六つのとき?",
"view_count": 282
}
|
[
{
"body": "> (私が) [六歳]{ろくさい}のとき... \n> (私が) [六]{むっ}つのとき...\n\nBoth are correct.\n\n「～歳」 can be used for all ages, and 「～つ」, for ages from 1 to 9, as in\n「ひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、いつつ、むっつ、ななつ、やっつ、ここのつ」, and 「とお」 for 10. 「～つ」 is more\ncasual/informal, and can sound a bit more childish than 「～歳」 (We use 「お幾つですか？」\nfor adults, too, though).\n\n> Adult (toward a little boy): 「ぼく、[幾]{いく}つ？」/ 「ぼく、[何歳]{なんさい}？」 \n> Child: 「[３]{みっ}つ。」/「[３才]{さんさい}。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T06:13:39.673",
"id": "62480",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T06:29:44.907",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62469",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62469
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "特別 and 特殊\n\nI think they both mean \"special\". But are they used in different contexts?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T22:26:16.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62470",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T09:39:25.493",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T01:43:32.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "29632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 特別 and 特殊?",
"view_count": 393
}
|
[
{
"body": "特別 tends to have a positive connotation and describe something is better than\nothers. For example, 特別なプレゼント, 特別な日, 特別な思い出, etc. 特別な人 is someone who is\nspecial to someone, i.e., one's lover, family member, etc.\n\n特殊 does not have a positive connotation, and it's often better translated as\n\"specialized (as opposed to general-purpose/generic)\", \"different\" or even\n\"peculiar\", \"strange\", etc. 特殊な人 is someone who is different from others in a\nnegative way (having a peculiar habit, etc). That said, 特殊 is preferred in\nscientific contexts because 特別 tends to sound like a marketing phrase. For\nexample Einstein's \"special theory of relativity\" is 特殊相対性理論 in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T07:47:34.890",
"id": "62483",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T09:39:25.493",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62470
| null |
62483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context is Ellie found a comic book she thinks is interesting but then sees\nshe won't be able to know what happens next since it ends with \"to be\ncontinued.\" She finishes her rant with 「もったいぶっちゃって」Not sure what these two\nwords mean but I assume it's something along the lines of \"What a load of\nbullshit...\" But I'd like a second opinion.\n\n```\n\n エリー：何これ？\n ジョエル：おい！寝てたんじゃないのか？\n エリー：あのさあ、そうは見えなかったけどこのマンガ結構面白いよ\n でも問題がある\n ここ\n 次回に続く\n もったいぶっちゃって\n ジョエル：どこにあった？\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T01:14:20.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62471",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T01:31:37.033",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is a more direct translation of もったいぶっちゃって",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are seeing an intransitive godan verb もったいぶる. This word basically means\n\"to behave in a pretentious manner\", \"to put on airs\", etc. It also means \"to\nleave someone hanging\", \"to keep something unsaid (in order to draw\nattention)\", \"to choose roundabout wordings and avoid getting down to the main\npoint\", etc.\n\n> もったいぶっちゃって。 \n> It leaves me hanging!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T01:31:37.033",
"id": "62473",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T01:31:37.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62471",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62471
| null |
62473
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 西の村では、様々な武装を試してみた結果、一番使いやすかった木槍を正式採用し、それなりに訓練を重ねている。\n>\n> 一方で東の村は、ほとんど組織 **だった** 防衛力を準備出来ていない。\n\nComparing military power between the two villages.\n\nafter this sentence it was explained how the leadership of the village fell\napart before the invasion by the west village. So one could conclude that\n_because_ the village's organization (or lack there of), 防衛力を準備出来ていない。\n\nBut without that further context, could you read 組織だった in that way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T01:45:04.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62474",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T02:57:55.953",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of だった in the middle of a sentence",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "組織だった (組織立った) is the past tense form of the verb\n[組織立つ](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A4-554349),\n\"to be organized\" \"to be systematic\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T02:57:55.953",
"id": "62479",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T02:57:55.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "62474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62474
|
62479
|
62479
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62488",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am a Japanese beginner and I see many instruction books containing rōmaji.\nAs I understand, rōmaji helps English speakers to pronounce the words. But is\nrōmaji really used in Japan or by Japanese people? Or is it used only for an\nEnglish speaker learning Japanese?\n\nI heard (not sure if true) that on the computer, when Japanese people type,\nrōmaji is often used. But I did not see any rōmaji on popular Japanese\nwebsites like [Yahoo Japan](https://news.yahoo.co.jp/). Could someone comment\non this as well?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T02:29:33.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62477",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-17T00:04:12.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31738",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Is rōmaji actually used in Japan?",
"view_count": 5982
}
|
[
{
"body": "Romanji is not used in Japan. The only exception is with typing and probably\nnot in the way you expect.\n\nWith modern Japanese keyboards you can have two input methods, one is romanji\nbased and the other is kana based. In the romanji input method, you \"spell\"\nthe word out with latin characters and the computer is able to make\nsuggestions about the kana / kanji you mean to use. In the kana input method,\nthe keys correspond to different kana and you spell out words that way.\n\nHowever, regardless of the input, the output on the screen is in Japanese\ncharacters. You might type out \"watashi\" using the romanji input method but on\nscreen you'll see 私.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T02:38:49.853",
"id": "62478",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T02:38:49.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31739",
"parent_id": "62477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -3
},
{
"body": "Yes, rōmaji is used by Japanese people, but mainly as design elements.\nElementary school children learn to read and write rōmaji in the 3rd grade,\nand virtually all adults can understand Japanese words written in rōmaji.\nLatin alphabet often strikes Japanese speakers as cool or modern. You can find\nJapanese words represented in rōmaji on T-shirts, mugs, doorplates,\nsignboards, anime logos, etc.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uZ0Rn.png)\n\nRōmaji is never used for day-to-day communication between native Japanese\nspeakers. They can generally understand Japanese sentences written entirely in\nrōmaji, but the reading speed would drop to 1/10 or less. (Imagine you have to\nread an English sentence written entirely in katakana...)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T15:12:28.463",
"id": "62488",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T21:26:10.690",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-29T21:26:10.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
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"parent_id": "62477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
62477
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62488
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62488
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is 「切れ」 as in 「切れかけの蛍光灯。」?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T06:51:00.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62481",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T07:29:41.053",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T07:26:29.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is 「切れ」 in 切れかけの蛍光灯?",
"view_count": 221
}
|
[
{
"body": "切れる has [a lot of\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%88%87%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B), and in this\ncontext it means \"to go out\", \"to burn out\", etc. There is no physical\nfilament which will burn out for a fluorescent lamp, but people still use 切れる.\nかけ is \"half ～\", \"almost ～\", etc. Therefore 切れかけの蛍光灯 refers to\n[this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92NQvRiI7xc).",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T07:21:58.473",
"id": "62482",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T07:29:41.053",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T07:29:41.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62481",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62481
| null |
62482
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62485",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would be very thankful, if someone could help me figure out the meaning of\nthe second part of the sentence below\n\n> これは地元住民とT大OBの反対によるもので、業者としても手のだしょうがなかったのだ。\n\nThe sentence is the explanation why despite other new shops Pachinko Salons\ncannot open in the area. I would loosly translate it as\n\n_That was due to the resistance of the local residents and alumnis of T\nuniversity, so that even if someone wanted to he had no chance_\n\nbut I am mostly guessing the second part. What is the meaning of 手 in\ncombination with のだ and what function does のだ have here? としても means _even if_\nright?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T11:06:06.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62484",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T11:39:16.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31743",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 手のだしょうがなかった mean",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, it's not だし **ょ** う but だしよう (with non-small よ). It's 出し様 in kanji if\nit helps you.\n\n * として here roughly means \"as ～\" in the sense of \"from the standpoint of ～\". も is \"also\".\n * [手を出す is a common set phrase](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99) which means \"to get involved\", \"to interfere\", etc.\n * `pre-masu-form + よう` forms a noun that means \"a way to ～\", \"possibility of ～\". In particular, ～ようがない is a set phrase \"there is no ～ing\" or \"to be impossible to ～\".\n * のだ at the end is a plain explanatory-の followed by だ.\n\n> 業者としても手の出し【だし】ようがなかったのだ。 \n> (It is that) even the company/dealer had no way to interfere.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Meaning/Breakdown of 答えの出しようのない疑問](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29946/5010)\n * [The significance of の in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58044/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T11:39:16.043",
"id": "62485",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T11:39:16.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62484",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62484
|
62485
|
62485
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, an em-dash is often used where dialogue is interrupted:\n\n> Get into the c—\n\nIs there an equivalent punctuation in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T13:09:56.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62486",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T16:42:06.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Interrupted Dialogue",
"view_count": 787
}
|
[
{
"body": "Either a 3点リーダー or a dash is used for this purpose. Note that a Japanese dash\nis usually longer than an English em-dash.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xstvu.png)\n\nThe last example (leaving a Latin consonant) is fairly unconventional, but it\ncan express the suddenness nicely, and you may see it in casual light novels,\nblogs and such.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Is Japanese em dash equal to Latin em dash?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36601/5010)\n * [Ellipsis Usage and Format](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18058/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T16:35:32.283",
"id": "62507",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T16:42:06.047",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-29T16:42:06.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62486
|
62507
|
62507
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62490",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Limp Biskit’s “Take a Look Around” they use this phrase I find pretty cool.\n“Life is a lesson, you learn it when you are through”. So basically the lesson\nnever ends, until you die.\n\nI’ve been meaning to come with a good translation, a brief formal one\npreferably. These are some options I think might be acceptable but not sure.\nWhat do you think? Which of these are correct? Which or what would be a good\nway? What would be more formal / polite options?\n\n1) 人生は教訓。終わったら学ぶ。 \n2) 人生は教訓。終わりに学ぶ。 \n3) 人生は教訓。あなたはそれは終わったら学ぶ。 \n4) 人生は教訓。それは終わるまで学べない。 \n5) 人生は教訓。それは終わるまで学べられない。 \n6) 人生は教訓です。それは終わるまで学べないもの \n7) 人生は人生終わった時まで学べない教訓です \n8) 人生は終わった時まで学べない教訓です",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T15:32:58.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62489",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T05:53:03.437",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T18:21:56.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "25095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"phrases",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Correct way to say “life is a lesson, you learn it when you are through”",
"view_count": 768
}
|
[
{
"body": "The literal translation is \"人生はレッスン, 終わった時にそれを学ぶ\". It is difficult to\ntranslate \"Lesson\" in \"Life is a lesson\" into an appropriate Japanese word.\n\nI think 教訓 is not appropriate for the phrase. There are many more natural ways\nof saying the phrase and I think 人生死ぬまで勉強 is best and the most common way of\nsaying it.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T16:37:47.230",
"id": "62490",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T05:53:03.437",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-29T05:53:03.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "62489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62489
|
62490
|
62490
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62509",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Does あたかも only add emphasis, without introducing any new meaning to a\nsentence? Would the sentence mean the same without it? It's translated as\n[**as if**](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%82%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82),\nbut most [sentences I find it used\nwith](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%82%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82%20%23sentences)\nalready use よう（に）, which expresses such meaning already (as far as I'm aware):\n\n> 彼女【かのじょ】は **あたかも** 幽霊【ゆうれい】でも見【み】たかの **ように** 見【み】えた。\n\n> 彼【かれ】らは **あたかも** 蟻【あり】の **ように** 働【はたら】いた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T16:48:26.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62491",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T17:28:54.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3814",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Does あたかも only add emphasis to a sentence?",
"view_count": 282
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes. Sometimes, あたかも is used as “just\nwhen”([https://www.weblio.jp/content/あたかも#KNJJN](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%82%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82#KNJJN)).\nFrom this, you will see あたかも functions as an emphasis. But usually, あたかも and\n〜のように is a set phrase. It is the same as まるで〜のように. And it’s okay without あたかも.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T12:01:07.577",
"id": "62501",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T12:08:35.100",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-29T12:08:35.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "31659",
"owner_user_id": "31659",
"parent_id": "62491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "あたかも is a guiding adverb which is almost always used with ようだ. (This is unlike\nまるで, which can be used without ようだ.) あたかも emphasizes the sentence, but does\nnothing to the basic meaning of the sentence. Other guiding adverbs include\n[もし](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62037/5010) and\n[どうも](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50203/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T16:55:55.473",
"id": "62508",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T16:55:55.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "あたかも has two meanings. As\n[naruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/5010/naruto) mentions, when\nあたかも is used to mean `as if`, it's very rarely used without ごとく or ように. But it\ndoes sometimes happen. My examples are pulled from the [corpus provided by The\nNational Institute for Japanese Language and\nLinguistics](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/AV.00266/)\n\n> * しかも、青ナイルのおかげで、この土地の耕作地には、自動的に養分が供給される。 **あたかも**\n> 天然の肥料自動供給装置を備えていると言ってもよい。\n> * 夢心地の来園者の前には、すかさず気持ちを捉えるグッズの数々を揃えた店が並ぶ。 理想の楽園は、言葉を替えれば **あたかも**\n> 一個の巨大なマーケット。\n> * この嫉妬心は宇宙の法則として与えられているかぎり、これを取り除くことはできません。 **あたかも**\n> 、万有引力をなくすることができないのと同じであります。\n>\n\nHowever, when it's used to mean ちょうどその時, it doesn't use ように at all. It's most\noften combined with a 時 before it. Here are some examples:\n\n> * その製品が誕生したのは、時 **あたかも** 太平洋戦争の最中であった。\n> * 私が生まれたのは、時 **あたかも** 年号が平成に変わった年でした\n> * これは一九四九年五月のアチソン国務長官の言葉である。 とき **あたかも** 中国大陸で共産党軍が勝利していた時期であった。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T17:28:54.150",
"id": "62509",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T17:28:54.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62491
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62509
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62508
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62493",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I speak with my mother I must say \"haha\", when I talk about other\npeople's mother, I must say \"okaasan\", but what about when I talk about my\nmother to other people?\n\nThere is nothing about that in my Japanese book.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T18:32:58.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62492",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T19:25:45.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T19:19:07.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Family questions",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "Please review the basic roles of honorific and humble expressions. \"Haha\" is a\nhumble word, which means you are _lowering_ the mother. \"Okāsan\" is a mildly\nhonorific word, which means you are mildly _heightening_ the mother. With\nthese in mind...\n\n * When you speak with your own mother, **don't** use \"haha\" because there is no reason to lower your mother. You can use \"okāsan\", but there are some other casual options such as \"mama\", \"kāchan\", \"okan\", etc.\n * When you speak with or talk about other people's mother, you have to pay respect to her, so you should use an honorific expression. You should at least use \"okāsan\", but you may have to use more polite and honorific words such as \"okāsama\".\n * When you talk about your own mother to other people in formal situations, you need to use **\"haha\"** to refer to your mother. That's exactly where humble expressions come into play, after all. But when you're casually talking with your friends, you can use \"okasān\" or anything you normally use.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T19:18:43.380",
"id": "62493",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-28T19:25:45.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-28T19:25:45.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62492",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62492
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62493
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62493
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62497",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The lyrics of the [song](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uin_Dutg3FU) go like\nthis:\n\n> 教科書に書いてある事だけじゃわからない\n>\n> 大切な物がきっとここにあるはずさ\n>\n> それが **島人ぬ宝**\n\nWhy is ぬ used where の is expected? It this something Okinawan?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T22:20:08.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62494",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T05:11:28.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"dialects"
],
"title": "ぬ in place of の",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [Wikipedia\n沖縄方言](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E):\n\n> ### 日本語共通語との対応関係\n>\n> 琉球語沖縄方言（琉球語派沖縄語）では、 **日本語のオ段母音がuに**\n> 、エ段母音がiに対応している。そのため殆どの行で日本語のオ段とウ段、エ段とイ段は統合している。\n>\n> ### 助詞\n>\n>\n> 格助詞のガとヌには、主格と属格（連体格）の両方の用法がある。現代日本語では「が」は主格、「の」は連体格であり、「が」の連体格や「の」の主格の用法は使わなくなっている。ガとヌには使い分けがあり、例えば首里方言では、人が主語の場合はガ、人以外が主語の場合はヌを使い、\n> **連体格の場合、尊敬すべき者には格助詞を使わず、尊敬されない者にはヌを使う** などの区別がある。\n\nSo yes, ぬ in Okinawan is basically the same word as の, although it has some\ngrammar rules that are different from those of mainland Japanese. Some pages\nsay this type of ぬ is almost dead now, and, for the most part, the lyrics are\nwritten in standard Japanese. So this may be seen as an archaism.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T03:59:22.910",
"id": "62497",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T05:11:28.867",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62494
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62497
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62497
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone explain the differences with these kanji 落ちる、堕ちる、墜ちる. I've seen\nthem used in manga.\n\nLooking at Jisho.org and get a bunch of definitions. Googling and I can't find\nan English explanation. There are ones in Japanese but my Japanese is not good\nthat I can clearly understand.\n\nThis is what I seem to get...\n\n落ちる - The most common and the one most people know. To fall down. So like\nお皿がテーブルから落ちた。 The plate fell from the table.\n\n墜ちる - to crash, to fall? From what I understand it has to be a large object to\nfall. So like 飛行機が空から墜ちた。 The plane fell from the sky.\n\n堕ちる - ??? This is the one that confuses me. The only example sentence I saw\nwas like a \"fallen angel\". Is it like going from good to bad? Does it have to\nbe a person?\n\nCan someone provide a more detailed explanation of the differences and provide\nsome example sentences with English translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-28T23:34:28.870",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "The differences with おちる (落ちる、堕ちる、墜ちる)",
"view_count": 443
}
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[
{
"body": "The meanings of 落ちる・墜ちる・堕ちる are slightly different.\n\nThere is a group of words in Japanese which, as with your examples, are\npronounced the same but may be written using different kanji characters. The\nword おちる existed before these kanji were assigned to it. So what reason could\nsomeone have had to assign different kanji characters to おちる? The reason is\nthat there were slightly different meanings to おちる depending on the context in\nwhich it was used. Assigning multiple kanji to the word was a way to account\nfor the semantic variations of the word according to the context. The base\nmeaning of the different kanji characters is the key to understanding the\nsubtle difference between the words.\n\nAccordingly:\n\n**落ちる** denotes the simple concept of a falling movement from high to low.\nThis can be a physical object falling, or an abstract thing like a mood\nchanging from high spirits to a low feeling .\n\n**墜ちる** describes falling as related to some kind of accident or trouble. It\nis not a mere movement from high to low, but rather has a nuance of something\nfalling or collapsing under unfortunate circumstances.\n\n**堕ちる** has a sense that along with a fall there is a loss of something. For\nexample this kanji is used to describe things like fallen angels, demotions,\nscandals, etc. It has a subtle inclusion of some type of moral failure, or a\nloss of face of some kind.\n\nIt is certainly an interesting area of Japanese. I recommend checking out some\nother words which have the same characteristic. For example, よろこぶ, おさめる, はかる,\netc.\n\nI would also add that it is more common to see this phenomenon in manga and\nliterature because they tend to prefer a more stylized use of words. Manga in\nparticular is famous for its interesting manipulation of orthographic norms.\nSo while this is an interesting question, it isn't something that you will\ncome across all that often, in my opinion.",
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"body": "If someone can think of a better title, please edit or suggest a better one.\n\nRecently, I have started noticing some Japanese people using the adjective\n真面目な paired to words such as 出会い, 関係, etc, when referring to relationships. As\nopposed to casual ones I suppose.\n\nI have a strong feeling that this is some kind of modern thing. Maybe an\nadaptation deriving from the fact that other languages commonly refer to\nrelationships as \"serious\" or \"casual\". In the past I may have attempted to\nuse 真面目 this way. If memory doesn't trick me though, that resulted in a sort\nof \"understandable but odd\" Japanese. Just as it often happens when someone\nlacking better options, tries to translate literally from another language.\n\nSo I wonder if over the years something like 真面目な関係, for example, became\nactually more common just as a result of that \"understandable but odd\" usage I\nmentioned above. Could this have also been aided by the internet age and the\nadvent of popular dating apps, in which obviously this constitutes base\nterminology?\n\nI may be completely wrong though and 真面目な has always been used like that or\nsimply some Japanese people use it on purpose as an \"odd but easily\nunderstandable by foreigners\" kind of Japanese. This is all based on a limited\npersonal experience and a hunch after all and that's why I wanted to ask here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-29T03:48:50.583",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Is the use of 真面目な a modern way to refer to sentimental relationships as \"serious\" or has it always been standard?",
"view_count": 915
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"body": "To my eyes, 真面目な出会い is a perfectly natural word usage as Japanese. I do not\nthink it was influenced by any English phrase or phenomenon. Period.\n\n...Well, I agree that 真面目な出会い is becoming a popular catchphrase, and I think\nthere is a reason. 真面目な in this context refers to somewhat \"proper\" form of\nlove based on the traditional Japanese standards. While 真剣な(恋/関係) also\ntranslates to \"serious (love/relationship)\", it mainly refers to the\n_strength_ of your love. On the other hand, 真面目な more focuses on the _form_ of\nlove; 真面目な出会い/関係 refers to a \"proper\" relationship, a relationship that will\nnot be seen as frivolous or hedonistic by other people. Recently, 真面目な出会い\ntends to be more emphasized in the _konkatsu/deai_ industries. In Japan, the\nnumber of [草食系 people](https://discoverjapannow.wordpress.com/tag/soshokukei/)\nhas increased, and the marriage rate is constantly declining. They tend to see\nlove as an ephemeral, frivolous and risky thing. To them, 真面目な関係 has a cleaner\nand safer impression, and thus can appear more appealing than 真剣な関係, although\nboth are translated as \"serious relationship\" in English.",
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"creation_date": "2018-10-29T06:51:57.710",
"id": "62499",
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"body": "So this is a line from the anime Oregairu. From what I know, I would say ある\nand あり mean the same thing. However, I could be wrong so is there any special\nreason why 'ari' was used first and 'aru' was used second in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-29T05:44:16.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62498",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "青春とは噓であり、悪である ‐ あり vs ある？",
"view_count": 115
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"body": "青春とは噓であり、悪である is a single sentence.\n\nThe first あり is an example of using the masu-stem as a connector similar to\nthe te-form. See also [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54134/17571)\nand [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/41142/17571).",
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"body": "The difference between arimasu and imasu is clear, but how do I decide when to\nuse desu and when to use arimasu (or imasu) when stating that something\nexists?\n\nConsider this example sentence:\n\n```\n\n There is an urgent job till tomorrow.\n \n```\n\nWhy is it wrong to translate this as:\n\n```\n\n 明日 までの 急な仕事 は です\n (deadline)-madeno (thing that is due)-wa desu\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-29T15:08:27.930",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"word-order"
],
"title": "desu vs. arimasu (or imasu) when declaring existence",
"view_count": 1791
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"body": "The answer is to not use です for existence. です can most closely be translated\nto English as the verb \"to be\", whereas あります・います is more closely translated as\n\"to exist\" or \"to have\" (yes, 持つ is also \"to have\"; translation is not an\nexact science, and the difference between あります and 持つ is more nuanced of a\ndiscussion than I'd like to have here).\n\nEDIT: I just realized the source of confusion. In English, we commonly use the\nverb \"to be\" as a shorthand for existence, e.g. \"There is a book on the desk\"\n= \"A book exists on the desk\". In these cases, when trying to think of the\nsentence in Japanese, you have to distinguish when you are using \"to be\" as a\nqualitative statement (e.g. \"He is nice\") and when you are using it as a\nstatement of existence (e.g. \"There is a book on the desk\"); the former will\nuse です, the latter will use あります・います. I haven't thought about it extensively,\nbut off the top of my head, it seems to me that \"there is\" is a good indicator\nof when you are using existence; without the \"there\" and just simply using\n\"is\", is a good indicator of qualitative \"to be\".\n\nAs a side note, です must always have a subject AND an object. Meaning, in the\nAはBです sentence structure, A and B must both always be non-empty (your example\nsentence in the OP had B empty). A can be empty if it is implied through\ncontext, but I don't think I've ever seen a valid example where B is empty.",
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"body": "Example\n\n>\n> [1](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=51735&j=morae)\n> \"袋を貰えますか？ fukuro wo moraemasu ka?\"\n>\n>\n> [2](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=itadakemasu%20&e=&search=Search%20%3E)\n> \"袋をいただけますか？ fukuro o itadakemasu ka?\"\n\nBoth mean \"Can I have a bag?\". However, what is the difference between\nitadakemasu and moraemasu?\n\nmoraemasu is [defined as to receive; to take; to\naccept](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=51735&j=morae)\nitadakemasu [has a similar\ndefinition](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=itadakemasu%20&e=&search=Search%20%3E)\n\nSo what is the difference and what would be more natural?\n\nPlease refer to the examples in your answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 貰えます (moraemasu) and いただけます (itadakemasu)? Which sounds more natural when talking about bags?",
"view_count": 8856
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"body": "They are both natural. Which you should use depends on the situation.\n\n**いただきます** is 敬語{けいご} which means that you only use it in situations talking\nto someone who is clearly above you in social status or in situations where\nbeing polite is a must - such as talking with a customer.\n\n**もらう** , on the other hand, is just neutral. You will hear もらう a lot more\noften unless you hang out with a \"polite\" crowd.\n\nAs far as how to decide when to use which, refer to [this write-\nup](http://www.yutaaoki.com/blog/when-to-use-keigo-honorific-speech-hierarchy-\nin-japanese-society) - it is pretty thorough. Just remember, if you are ever\nnot sure, just stick to です and ます form and you should be okay. Just remember\nto ask someone later.",
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"body": "How do I differentiate between future tense and present tense. For example,\nthe sentence: \n\n> 私は魚を食べる\n\nIf I am not mistaken, the above sentence can either mean \"I **will** eat fish\"\n_or_ \"I eat fish\".\n\nAlso, if I am not mistaken, conjugating the verb to the ます form only aims to\nmake the sentence polite and doesn't actually change the tense or meaning. For\nthe case of the example above, the sentence becomes 私は魚を食べます, which can again\neither mean \"I **will** eat fish\" _or_ \"I eat fish\" in polite form.\n\nI have read that generally, context will tell me whether the sentence is\nreferring to the present or future tense. But take the example above, from\njust that one sentence (assuming someone tells me just that one sentence in\nthe example), how do I determine what the tense of the sentence is?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-29T18:05:40.380",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"tense"
],
"title": "How does one differentiate between future tense (will) and present tense?",
"view_count": 1539
}
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[
{
"body": "> If I am not mistaken, the above sentence can either mean \"I **will** eat\n> fish\" _or_ \"I eat fish\".\n\nCorrect.\n\n> ... conjugating the verb to the ます form only aims to make the sentence\n> polite and doesn't actually change the tense or meaning.\n\nCorrect. ます is a conjugation form that affects the social context of the\nsentence (indicating details about who is speaking and who is listening, and\nalso sometimes who the sentence is about), but not the tense (i.e. the time\nwhen the action occurs) or aspect (i.e. the completedness, repetitiveness,\netc. of the action).\n\n> ... from just that one sentence (assuming someone tells me just that one\n> sentence in the example), how do I determine what the tense of the sentence\n> is?\n\nJapanese **has no future tense**. It just doesn't exist as a feature of the\nlanguage. Japanese is often described as having a **past tense** , where verbs\nend in _-ta_ , and a **non-past tense** , where verbs end in _-u_. So in\nanswer to your question, that one sentence is in the **non-past tense**.\n\nNote that **past tense** itself is sometimes the wrong term for words ending\nin _-ta_. Consider a sentence like: 明日、このプロジェクトが **終わった** 後、（なにか）しましょう /\n\"Tomorrow, after this project **has finished** , let's do (something).\" Here,\n終わった clearly has the _-ta_ ending, but we're talking about tomorrow, so it\n_can't_ be about the past. This is where we instead have to talk about\n**aspect** : in this case, the _-ta_ ending doesn't describe **tense** , or\n_when_ the action happens, but rather **aspect** , which could be various\nother dimensions of verb-ness: completion, repetition, ongoing state, so-\ncalled \"telic\" action with distinct before-and-after states (like \"change\" or\n\"pick up\") or \"atelic\" action with no such clear distinction (like \"work\" or\n\"sleep\"), etc. etc.\n\nMore at Wikipedia about [grammatical\naspect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect), [grammatical\ntense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense), and the [non-past\ntense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpast_tense).\n\n### Update\n\nIn response to a comment, let's look again at the core questions:\n\n> How do I differentiate between future tense and present tense?\n\nContext. Grammatically, there is no difference between future and present\ntense in Japanese. See the older portions of this post above for further\ndetails on that.\n\n> But take the example above, from just that one sentence (assuming someone\n> tells me just that one sentence in the example), how do I determine what the\n> tense of the sentence is?\n\nYou don't.\n\nIf you're translating into English, your options are to either pick a tense,\nor translate in both tenses and add an explanatory note.",
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"body": "I think @Eiríkr Útlendi's answer gives a good general answer.\n\nIf we look at `私は魚を食べる` specifically: if it's said without anything else, I\nwould interpret it as an explanation of what the speaker does (usually) (\"I\neat fish (in general)\"), because it's uncommon to say 私は if you are not\ngeneralizing.\n\nIf it's literally only `魚を食べる`, I would think it's creating a context for what\ncomes next in a narration etc. (a rhetorical technique). E.g.:\n`魚を食べる。自然との対話である。`. This is because not abbreviating を is uncommon if you are\njust stating your intent (but it is common in the mentioned context).\n\nIf you want to say you are eating a fish right now, then it would be\n`魚を食べている`. If someone wants to say they will eat a fish, they would say `魚食べる`\n(which is equivalent to `魚を食べる` - but abbreviating を is more common in this\ncontext). This will imply it's in the future (as you are not eating the fish\nright now).\n\nSo in conclusion: the most frequent form you hear would be `魚食べる`, and if I\nhear that in complete isolation my bet would be that the person intends to eat\na fish in the near future. The next likely meaning would be a general\nstatement, like if they were asked a question (「アザラシって何食べるの？」）.",
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78793
|
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"body": "Had some trouble with the translation. I know that 気をつける means \"to be careful\"\nbut I had trouble with the なさいよ part.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-29T23:58:55.833",
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "What does the なさいよ in 気をつけなさいよ mean?",
"view_count": 181
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{
"body": "First off, we need to split なさい and よ . They are two different things.\n\nなさい polite command/request form of なさる (like ください as a form of くださる) .\n\n[なさる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/163920/meaning/m0u/) is itself 尊敬語\n(keigo) for する ...\n\n* * *\n\n[よ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226011/meaning/m0u/)\n\nよ is often used at the end of Japanese sentences. Its presence/absence does\nnot normally change the basic meaning. Instead, it marks a variety of nuances\ndepending on whether the speaker is male/female.\n\nHere, I think it means that it's a request.",
"comment_count": 6,
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62513
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"body": "I saw that one of the definitions of ざわざわ (though it doesn't seem to be a\ncommon use from what I've seen, but I could be wrong) is restless, uneasy or\nanxious.\n\nHere is the definition I found:\n\n> 気持が落ち着かないさま。 「―した散漫な不安」\n\nIn the dictionary, 不安 also shares the same meaning: anxious, uneasy, etc.\n\nSo, what's the difference between both words? Is it a matter of nuance?\n\nThanks!",
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"creation_date": "2018-10-30T02:11:21.107",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 不安 and ざわざわ",
"view_count": 410
}
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[
{
"body": "When you look up a word in a dictionary, let's always pay attention to its\n_word class_. Asking about the difference between 不安 and ざわざわ is like asking\nabout the difference between \"explosive\" and \"kaboom\". You know they are very\ndifferent; the former is a noun that works also as an adjective, and the\nlatter is an onomatopoeia (sound of an explosion). They belong to different\nword classes and thus they are not interchangeable.\n\nNow, 不安 is a **noun** and a **na-adjective**. When it works as a noun, it\nmeans \"anxiety\". When it works as a na-adjective, it means \"anxious\".\n\nざわざわ is an **onomatopoeic adverb** and a **suru-verb**. When it works as an\nonomatopoeia, it represents a sound -- a noise made by people who are confused\nand/or anxious, like in the picture below. See [this\narticle](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-onomatopoeia/) for how\nonomatopoeic adverbs work in Japanese. When it works as a suru-verb, it means\n\"to buzz (out of anxiety)\", \"to feel anxiety\", \"to become uneasy\", etc.\n\nIn addition, since ざわざわ is an onomatopoeia, it tends to be used to describe a\ntemporary anxiety, confusion, etc. 不安 can be longstanding.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iutun.png)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T02:39:19.927",
"id": "62515",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-30T04:14:25.977",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-30T04:14:25.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
62514
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62515
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62515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62518",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A is a guy and B is a girl. b is trying to set up A with another girl. Neither\nA or B's social life is that clear yet but A is somewhat of a mood maker.\n\n> 男の、しかも女子の間でちょっと可愛いと密かに人気のあるAが言う方が、Bよりうまく行くだろうと踏んだのだった。\n>\n> among the guys or girls, more so the girls, A was secretly popular because\n> of his cute features, speaking of A (as oppose to not A), was deemed to have\n> had(experienced?) more peaceful relations that B (with everyone?).\n\nthere definitely no homosexual vibes in this content, is 男の not related to 間?\n\nis there any difference between Aが言う方が and Aの方が?\n\nWhat's the best way to read 踏む in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T05:45:35.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62516",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-30T10:28:27.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Interpreting ~が言う方が in this sentence among other things",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "うまく行く here just means \"(things) go well\", \"do the job\", etc. が is a subject\nmarker, and A **が** 言う clearly means \"A says (something)\", not \"speaking of\nA\". There are both 方が and より, so what's compared is very explicit; \"A says\"\nversus \"B (says)\". If you don't know how to compare two verbs using 方, see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29501/5010).\n\n> Aが言う方がうまく行く。 \n> Things go better if A says it.\n>\n> Aが言う方が、B(が言う)よりうまく行くだろう。 \n> (I suppose) things will go better if A will say it than B (will say it). \n> A should be the better person to say it than B.\n\nThis 踏む is \"to guess\", \"to figure\", \"to estimate\", etc. You can tell it\nbecause it's used with a quotative-と.\n\n> 「Aが言う方が、Bよりうまく行くだろう」と踏んだのだった。 \n> (It is that) I figured that A would be the better person to say it than B.\n\n\"男の\" and \"女子の間でひそかに人気のある\" independently modify \"A\". You can tell this because\nthere is a comma and しかも. 密かに here means the fact that A is popular is not\nopenly known, so I'll translate it as \"actually\".\n\n> 「男の、しかも女子の間でちょっと可愛いと密かに人気のあるAが言う方が、Bよりうまく行くだろう」と踏んだのだった。 \n> I figured that A, who is male and actually popular among girls as being a\n> little cute, would be the better person to say it than B.\n\nSo A is the person who is trying to make a suggestion. Are you sure you have\nread the previous context correctly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T10:11:22.223",
"id": "62518",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-30T10:28:27.780",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62516
|
62518
|
62518
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I often hear my old calligraphy teacher (and so far only her) use something\nlike the following:\n\n> 何々。。。書いてもらいなさい（？）\n>\n> 何々。。。やってもらいなさい（？）\n\nand so on. The question mark in parenthesis indicates that, if I hear the\nintonation correctly, it seems more like a kind request rather than an\nimperative. Or at least, kind of in between a request and an order, exactly as\nthe the two forms suggest.\n\nThe meaning is quite obvious, I am mostly interested in the following.\n\n**Nuances.**\n\nHow does this differ from simply using ーてもらえる？ ーてくれる？ or the ーなさい forms alone?\n\n**Speech style.**\n\nIs it something somewhat old fashioned? I'm asking just because as I mentioned\nabove so far I have only ever heard this from an old lady.\n\n**Actual meaning**\n\nI find it quite difficult to give a literal translation. Somehow, ーてもらえる? and\nーなさい seem almost opposites to me (one a request, one an order). Am I correct\nin interpreting this as \"please do this?\", or is there a better way of putting\nthis?\n\nIf possible, I would also appreciate a few extra examples of usage.\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nReading and thinking on a comment by @By137 I wonder if I misheard all this\ntime and wasn't actually 。。。て御覧{ごらん}なさい. Obviously rather than my poor\nlistening skills I'll say that this is due to my old teacher being very old\nand speaking in very incomprehensible way... which is false. I'll ask myself\nnext time and eventually edit or close the question, although it could still\nbe a good question for the てもらいなさい form.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T06:52:48.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62517",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-02T15:02:52.553",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-02T04:41:33.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"questions"
],
"title": "About the coupling of ーてもらう and ーなさい",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "~てくれる? Is a (casual) request, but it lacks demand. Which is why it's in a\nquestion format. ~てもらいなさい is a demand used when talking to someone of lower\nstatus then you. You can hear なさい when parents order their kids to do\nsomething. She adds the questioning tone to not have a sense of reprimanding.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-02T15:02:52.553",
"id": "63191",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-02T15:02:52.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32127",
"parent_id": "62517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
62517
| null |
63191
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm asking here since I didn't manage to find a definitive answer to my\nquestions.\n\n**1. When should I use には and when は?**\n\nThe only thing I managed to find online is that は is used when a quantity is\ninvolved as in\n\n> 私{わたし}は犬{いぬ}が[四匹]{よんひき}います。\n\nwhile には is used in every other case. [[1]](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/existence-and-possession/)\n\nHowever, the above phrase does not necessarily express possession. Out of\ncontext, it can simply mean \"For me, there are four dogs\", for example as an\nanswer to \"What's over there?\".\n\n**2. Why is it wrong to use the particle に instead of には or は?**",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T15:27:23.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62520",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-30T15:27:23.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26043",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"possession"
],
"title": "Questions about possession phrases",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
62520
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62530",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I just come across a dialog that features both of the forms for \"walking\",\nI'm wondering what is the difference between `歩く` and `歩いて`, below is what I\nencountered:\n\n`歩く：バスで5分と、地下鉄で１５分ぐらいかかります。それから、１０分歩きます。`\n\nAs you can see, `歩く` changed to the `ます` form, which I understand.\n\n`歩いて：私は歩いて来ます。１０分ぐらいです`\n\nAt another encounter, I read:\n\n`...(Other Transportation)...。それから、また歩きます。`\n\nSo why in this case it's `歩く` again?\n\nI hope I phrased my question clearly, thank you very much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T19:22:23.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62521",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T09:26:31.153",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-30T19:28:41.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "31610",
"owner_user_id": "31610",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between 歩く and 歩いて",
"view_count": 1290
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case, the て-form of 歩く has a quasi-adverbal function, describing the\nmanner of the verb 来る (来ます). The phrase 歩いて来ます means \"to come _by walking_ \",\nas opposed to eg. バスで来ます \"to come by bus\" or 走って来ます \"to come running\".\n\nMore generally, the て-form is used to connect verbs together, often to\nindicate a chronological sequence (eg. 勉強して帰る \"to study and then go home\") or\nto form a semi-compound meaning. In the sentence you listed - 私は歩いて来ます - it\nwouldn't be possible for the basic form 歩く or 歩きます to occur in this position,\nbecause two verbs can't be simply placed together in this way. 私は歩きます来ます would\nbe like saying \"I walk come\" in English - the two verbs don't make sense as a\nsequence.\n\nIf you want to list the two verbs together like that, there needs to be some\ngrammatical feature connecting them, and the て-form is one of the\nconstructions that can do this.\n\nIn both of the other sentences you listed, 歩きます occurs at the end of the\nsentence as the main verb, so there is of course no need to use the て-form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T09:26:31.153",
"id": "62530",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T09:26:31.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "62521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62521
|
62530
|
62530
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62526",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ▽アジアの中心が中国にシフトしつつある中、日本が世界で戦える人財づくり **を** 企業・学校・政府と本格的に取り組む仕組みづくり **に**\n> 期待したい（自動車）([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2018_1029.html?utm_int=tokushu-\n> new_contents_list-items_001))\n\n1) I don't understand what the を is doing there? 取り組む doesn't take the を\nparticle normally...?\n\n2)Is 仕組みづくり the object of the verb 期待する(the thing 'hoped')? if yes, why isn't\nthe particle を used instead as in the following sentence?\n\n> 彼の成功を期待している We expect him to succeed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T19:52:36.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62522",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T06:22:23.650",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-01T06:22:23.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Use of particle を with 取り組み and 期待する",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "1) It's the object of 取り組む. It is true that 取り組み doesn't normally take を, but\nI think it's the only way to interpret this sentence. FYI, BCCWJ has four\nexamples of を取り組む and 1175 examples of に取り組む.\n\n2) Yes 仕組みづくり is what the person is hoping for, although it's not a direct\nobject, strictly speaking. ～を期待する and ～に期待する are interchangeable.\n\nI feel this sentence is still awkward. This person says \"企業・学校・政府と\", but what\nis the subject of 取り組む, then?\n\nI think the sentence would be cleaner if we rephrased it like this:\n\n> 《日本が世界で戦える人財づくり **に** 企業 **と** 学校 **と** 政府 **が** 本格的に取り組 **める(ような)**\n> 》仕組みづくりに期待したい \n> I hope for a new framework which allows companies, schools and the\n> government to work through the development of world-class human resources.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T04:16:02.777",
"id": "62526",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T04:40:21.357",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-01T04:40:21.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62522
|
62526
|
62526
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62527",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 頭の中は恥辱と奇妙な解放感に混乱した。ともすると恥辱と刺激だけが意識を占めてしまいそうになる。\n>\n> 彼の掌から甘い痺れが沁みこんで来て、ともすれば腰が抜けそうになる。\n>\n> 呼吸を整えることで、ともすれば崩れそうになる自尊心を平静に保とうとした。\n\nRegarding these examples, it seems \"as a result,\" is more appropriate than \"a\ntendency to ~, prone to ~\" for the uses of ともすれば・ともすると. The clauses after\nともすれば・ともすると feel much more like a outcome due to the actions in the first\nclause than a long held habit.\n\neven with 大辞林 I still only get どうかすると。ややもすると。ともすれば as definitions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-30T22:47:54.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62523",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T03:02:52.887",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-08T03:02:52.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "ともすれば～・ともすると～: \" a tendency to ~, prone to ~\" or \"cause and effect\"?",
"view_count": 490
}
|
[
{
"body": "ともすれば is an adverb that adds the nuance of \"possibly\", \"if things go bad\", \"if\nwe're unlucky\", \"depending on the situation\", etc. I don't know where you saw\n\"as a result\", but that's not what this adverb is saying. どうかすれば, どうかすると,\nともすると, ややもすれば, and ややもすると are all synonyms. どうかすれば (\"if things turn out in a\ncertain way\", \"if something happens\") may be the most intuitive form to grasp\nthe nuance. If ともすれば is used with a habitual action, \"to prone/tend to\" would\nbe an appropriate option. In your examples, ともすれば is effectively weakening the\nmeaning of そうになる (i.e., 腰が抜ける is only an unlucky possibility).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T04:38:15.420",
"id": "62527",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T04:58:36.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-31T04:58:36.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62523",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
62523
|
62527
|
62527
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62529",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Say I have a form with differents fields to fill. How do I translate to\njapanese the word \"Fill\" (For example I have a button that when pressed will\nfill all the fields automatically)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T01:16:48.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62525",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T05:45:03.917",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-31T05:40:01.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "26207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to translate \"Fill\" (in a form)",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "If it's the caption of a button, something like 自動入力 should be used. The\nclosest single-word verb is\n[埋める](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%9F%8B%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B) (e.g., 空欄を埋める),\nbut it's not a very natural choice when it comes to the auto-\nfilling/autocomplete functionality on computer screen.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T05:45:03.917",
"id": "62529",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T05:45:03.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
62525
|
62529
|
62529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62532",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v0y7T.jpg)\n\nWhat is the meaning of ちつまるつきり? I have tried to look it up in a dictionary but\nfound no result. Google Translate translated it as small fuss. But how can I\nfind the appropriate entry in the dictionary? Is it a phrase or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T10:54:36.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62531",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T11:09:33.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27310",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ちつまるつきり",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "It may be a little hard to tell in that font, but both of those つs are small.\n\nIn addition, it's not a single word but two - \"ちっ\" being a tutting sound, and\n\"まるっきり\" a common word that you should be able to find in any dictionary (it\nmeans \"completely\").",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T11:09:33.803",
"id": "62532",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-31T11:09:33.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "62531",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
62531
|
62532
|
62532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62544",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A common internet meme is to use ️ as a replacement for B's in a word, such as\n\"️oneless\" or \"trou️le\". Sometimes it's additionally done for C's, such as\n\"️o️a ️ola\". Is this a thing ever done in Japanese text, and if so, is there a\nconvention as to how? It's not as straightforward, since B's won't occur\nindividually.\n\nFor instance, I could imagine \"バス停\" being rewritten as \"️ァス停\", or as \"️️ス停\",\nor \"️ａス停\" (with either a fullwidth or ASCII a), to name a few options. I could\nalso imagine it just never being imitated because of the awkwardness.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T18:11:00.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62534",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-04T01:01:18.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1823",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"rōmaji",
"internet-slang",
"puns"
],
"title": "How do Japanese people use ️-substitution, if at all?",
"view_count": 404
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the last few years has become very popular. It is an abbreviation for ばばあ\n'an old woman' (hag).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T03:36:07.697",
"id": "62544",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T03:36:07.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31777",
"parent_id": "62534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "> Is this a thing ever done in Japanese text\n\nIf you specifically mean \"replacing B/C (and _only_ B and C) with the\nred/squared emoji ️\", then, no, that has never been a thing in Japan. I did\nnot know such a phenomenon until today, and its cultural background (according\nto\n[this](https://www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/5q0rvr/why_am_i_seeing_a_redblock_b_emoji_everywhere/))\nis not something Japanese people are familiar with. Of course people can read\n️️ス停, but virtually no one will understand why you are doing it.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-11-01T10:21:17.680",
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62534
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62544
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62549
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62536",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In an [anime opening song](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIkeB9EE0rs), at\n0:08, I read the following sentence:\n\n> _omokage no naka te wo nobasu no_ \n> おもかげのなか 手を伸ばすの\n\nPlease, can you tell me:\n\n * for \"no\", why is the kanji 伸 used instead of the hiragana の? \n * for \"te\", why is the kanji 手 used instead of the hiragana て?\n\nMany thanks!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T19:44:01.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "31412",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji",
"orthography",
"kana",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Why use the kanji 伸 for \"no\" instead of the hiragana の, and the kanji 手 for \"te\" instead of the hiragana て?",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's because the word is 伸ばす. The 伸 kanji for this word has a reading of の.\n\nAs you might already know, Japanese has three distinct writing systems (not\ncounting romanizations): ひらがな, カタカナ, and 漢字｛かんじ｝. It is preferable when\npossible and when it is normal to use 漢字 in your writing because, while ひらがな\nand カタカナ are syllabic characters, 漢字 convey ideas and don't have a fixed\nsyllabic value in Japanese.\n\nWhat this means is that 漢字 have multiple ways of being read, and their\nreadings are mainly grouped into two categories, which are 訓読｛くんよ｝み and\n音読｛おんよ｝み. There is an additional category which is 熟字訓｛じゅくじくん｝ when a\ncharacter or set of characters have a reading outside of these two standard\ncategories. Use of 漢字 in writing helps distinguish a word for its meaning\nrather than its sound.\n\nSay, for example, that you see いって written down, without much context. How\nwould you be able to tell if the word was meant to be いって (て-form of 行｛い｝く, to\ngo), or いって (て-form of 言｛い｝う, to say)? They are pronounced the same way. 漢字\nhelp discern what the true meaning of the word is, as it is written.\nTherefore, you should try to use 漢字 when you learn it, so that your written\nJapanese is more clearly understood.\n\nI should add a note: Some words are more commonly written in かな than in 漢字. As\nyou study, you'll learn which these are, and why this is the case. You may,\nfor example, use the 漢字 for 居{い}る but more commonly you'll see it written as\nいる instead. That's another thing to keep in mind, and something you'll pick up\nalong the way.",
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62535
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62536
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62536
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62540",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 船頭小屋には火もなく、畳二まいほどの **板が敷いて** あっただけでした。二人はその板の上に横になり、いつの間にか眠ってしまいました。 \n> There wasn't even a fire in the boatman's hut. Only 2-tatami-wide planks\n> had been laid out. The two of them laid down on these planks and were asleep\n> before they knew it.\n\nI don't quite understand this sentence. I see two options:\n\n1) These planks are something designed for sleeping on (maybe I'm missing a\ncultural reference). In which case, I'm happy with the use of 敷く.\n\n2) These planks constitute the floor of the hut and are not specially designed\nfor sleeping on. In this case I find 敷いてあった confusing. The translation of \"to\nlay out\" doesn't seem like a word that would be used other than when talking\nabout building the hut. I feel that adding てある reinforces my thought that this\nis something that was done after the hut was built.\n\nIn summary, I would pick option 1) but I wonder if 板 is something more than\njust a plank of wood.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-31T22:35:07.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62538",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Undertstanding sleeping on 板 in the 雪女 story",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "敷く means placing or spreading any **flat** object including tatami, carpet,\nfuton, paper, mat, cloth, napkin, and so on. We do not say ベッドを敷く because it's\nnot a flat object. Since an 板 is a flat object, 敷く is a natural verb choice\nhere regardless of whether it's a piece of furniture or permanent flooring.\nFor example 畳を敷いた部屋 can possibly refer to both a Japanese-style tatami room\nand a western-style room with a tatami on a carpet.\n\nNevertheless, you seem to be reading a simplified version of 雪女. [This version\nof 雪女](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000154/files/4947_16626.html) is\npresumably the original, and it says\n[板敷【いたじき】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%BF%E6%95%B7-432946), which means\n\"wooden floor\". Traditional Japanese houses looked [like this](https://matcha-\njp.com/en/1930), so it's not strange if only a part of the ground of this hut\nwas covered by 板. In addition, 二畳 is a little too big as a bed.",
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{
"body": "I think the hut had no floor, some transients layed the coule of planks over\nbare ground so they were able to sit on or lay down on the planks.\n\nI put a sample picture link from google map.\n\n[Aso Tsukimigoya doesn't have floor,a blue sheet is \"敷かれている\".\n](https://www.google.co.jp/maps/uv?hl=ja&pb=!1s0x3540d809035a6675%3A0x558638a2f6127d3!2m22!2m2!1i80!2i80!3m1!2i20!16m16!1b1!2m2!1m1!1e1!2m2!1m1!1e3!2m2!1m1!1e5!2m2!1m1!1e4!2m2!1m1!1e6!3m1!7e115!4shttps%3A%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPJxdB9KRyZQ8f8UrZ1FwG_aHgm_rPUgwEB4a4m%3Dw192-h144-k-no!5z6Zi_6JiHIOaciOimi-\nWwj-\nWxiyAtIEdvb2dsZSDmpJzntKI&imagekey=!1e10!2sAF1QipMp8_0aijkzKH3N4BYrUFmQv6qZgHkwu0Vzt0e_&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjis5eOm7LeAhUITrwKHc6HDxsQoiowCnoECAUQBg#)",
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62538
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62540
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62540
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62574",
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"body": "> original (Causative Intransitive): 彼女は私の肩に頭を凭れさせる\n\nvs\n\n> new (transitive): 彼女は私の肩に頭を凭せる\n\n[way back when i asked\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/50276/use-of-the-causitive-\nform-without-an-obvious-source-of-causation), i took it as sometimes there is\nno transitive pair for an intransitive verb so the causative is used to take\ndirect object with を (like with はためく?).\n\nLooking back on it this most of these definitely have a transitive pair, so\nwhat is the difference then?\n\ncan be applied to this from the link:\n\n> (original) レンズをあちこちに巡らせる vs レンズをあちこちに巡らす。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T03:32:49.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62543",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-01T14:40:49.887",
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"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"transitivity",
"causation"
],
"title": "Transitive vs Causative Intransitive",
"view_count": 935
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this article](http://www.nkg.or.jp/wp/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2018/04/113_causativeandtransitiveverbs.pdf), there are a few\nmain differences.\n\nOne difference is that if the thing that is being caused to do something is\ninanimate, it can sound unnatural:\n\n> ✖品物を並ばせる\n>\n> 〇品物を並べる\n>\n> ✖切手を集まらせる\n>\n> 〇切手を集める\n\nThe reason for this is that the causative construction implies a willingness\nof the thing that is being caused to do something to do that action. So\nbecause of this, in your example, レンズをあちこちに巡らす is probably the more natural\nconstruction.\n\nAnother difference is that there is a difference in meaning:\n\n乗客を降りさせる = `make the passenger get off the vehicle`\n\n乗客を降ろす = `let the passenger get off the vehicle`\n\nIn the former, the driver or whoever causes the passenger to be motivated to\nget off the vehicle. The latter is a routine thing in that the passenger is\njust let get off.\n\n_**Edit:**_\n\n_Semantics of Japanese Causativization_ (1973) gives the following example for\nthe difference between the transitive and the causative intransitive when the\ndirect object is inanimate.\n\n> ａ．太郎が車のエンジンを止めた。\n\nThis is used when the engine is stopped through normal means such as a key is\nused to turn off the engine.\n\n> ｂ．太郎が車のエンジンを止まらせた。\n\nThis is used when the engine is stopped through abnormal means such as putting\nsand or rocks in it. In other words, the engine is unable to be controlled\nthrough normal means. When the causative intransitive is used, the engine is\nseen as a not just an inanimate object, but as a thing that can act/move on\nits own.\n\nThus, レンズをあちこちに巡らせる likely implies that the レンズ was moved around unnaturally\n(i.e. it wasn't supposed to be moved in the first place or the ability to move\nit was damaged/broken so some unusual methods had to be used to move it).",
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62543
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{
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"body": "I’ve been studying Japanese for a while now and came across the following\ndialogue:\n\n> A: 私のこと、知ってるんだ。(So you know about me then?) \n> B: 知ってるも何も、有名人じゃないか。\n\nI'm not quite sure how to make sense of B's reply. I thought it would\ntranslate to something along the lines of \"I don't really know anything but\nyou're a celebrity, right?\" because of the use of 何も which I know means\n\"nothing.\" However, the translation provided for B was \"Of course I do (know\nabout you), you're a celebrity, right?\", which really confused me.\n\nInitially I thought that the 〜も何も was just a combination of the particle も and\nthe word 何も but apparently that doesn't seem to be the case. So my question\nis, what kind of meaning does「〜も何も」give to「知ってる」and how exactly does it\ntranslate to being an affirmation of one's knowledge about something?\nCan「〜も何も」be used with other words and what meanings would it have in those\ncases?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T06:44:16.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62545",
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"owner_user_id": "31778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does「〜も何も」mean in this context?",
"view_count": 2745
}
|
[
{
"body": "知ってるも何も carries the idea of \"it's not even a question of knowing X\" or \"I know\nall about X!\"\n\nIn English, this might be one situation where we use the phrase \"Of course\":\n\"Of course I know X.\"\n\na quick search found this Q&A on a language blog\n\n<http://lang-8.com/1486973/journals/96618803197205736526647859648046157520>\n\nand I am sure you could find more if you look around.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T06:59:39.677",
"id": "62546",
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{
"body": "Look [here](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/29845) for example:\n\n> > 「～も何も」は1つの例を出して、他のものを類推させるときに使います。\n>>\n\n>> 例 挨拶も何も\n\n>\n> A: 「帰る前にあの人にあいさつしなきゃ」\n>\n> B: 「挨拶も何も、あの人もう帰っちゃったよ！」\n>\n> ⇒挨拶も、会うことも、話をすることもできない\n>\n\n>> 病気になってしまい、勉強も何もない。\n\n>\n> ⇒勉強も、遊びも、何もできない\n\nIn general it is used to give an example out of many and let infer the rest by\nanalogy. Basically, when there is no room for doubt. I suppose you understand\nJapanese well enough and don't need a translation of the above quotation, let\nme know otherwise.\n\nSo, in your case I think it is used to answer using 知ってる as an example, among\nother many possible others, because for whatever reason there is no margin for\ndoubt that B knows (here because A seems to be someone famous for example).\n\nAnother good example is from the\n[link](https://lang-8.com/1486973/journals/96618803197205736526647859648046157520)\nprovided also by @ericfromabeno:\n\n> 知ってるも何も→疑問の余地なく分かっているという意味かなと思います。\n>\n> A「あのさ、この店知ってる？」\n>\n> B「‘‘知ってるも何も‘‘俺が昔バイトしてたところだよ。」\n\n* * *\n\nIn your case, you can see it like something along the line of \"Of course I\nknow. I know very well, or, As a matter of fact, I do more than simply\nknowing...\" (notice this is not a translation, since you already have it, but\nrather trying to convey the how to interpret 知ってるも何も).",
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62545
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62547
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{
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"body": "After some research on my own (looking through the list of kun-readings for\nmore obscure kanji), I can more or less surely claim:\n\nに is 于 (which is simultaneously many things, including ここに and を);\n\nまで is 迄;\n\nの, of course, is 之.\n\nBut what for the others? Are there specific kanji for は, for が, for で etc.?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T10:20:25.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Are there official kanji attached to popular particles?",
"view_count": 1453
}
|
[
{
"body": "At one time, kanji used to be used to represent Japanese particles, but that\nis no longer the case for the most part (in Modern Japanese).\n\nParticles existed in Japanese long before there was a writing system. Kanji\nwere borrowed from Chinese but since there was no equivalent to post-\npositional particles in Chinese, there were no kanji which could be assigned\nto particles. In those days scholars attempted to represent particles by using\nkanji phonetically (ignoring the character's meaning). For example, the\nparticle には was once written as 庭 because the word it represents in Japanese\nis pronounced 'niwa'. However, ultimately this method proved unsuccessful,\nprobably because it was excessively complicated or confusing. It was only with\nthe evolution of the kana syllabaries that a standardized model of\nrepresenting particles in writing began to take root. Incidentally, Katakana\nwas originally used as 'furigana' in old kanbun texts as pronunciation\nmarkers. The priests would do things like writing an ヲ above or between kanji\nwords to indicate to the reader that a particle should be inserted there.\n\nIt is possible that these older methods of representing particles could\ntheoretically still be used to write Japanese particles. As you mentioned you\ncould say that に can be written as 于. So while I wouldn't call it 'incorrect',\nit wouldn't be natural to do so. These representations are quickly dying out\nand it is overwhelmingly the case that standard Modern Japanese favors\nHiragana in writing particles.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T10:51:16.660",
"id": "62550",
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{
"body": "@kandyman's answer focuses on the official aspect of your question and\nconclude that you should use hiragana. That is indeed what you should do.\nHowever if you are instead interested by historic usage that is no longer in\nuse except for some occurrences of 迄 on placards, and some obscure books might\nstill use 乍らand 許り. You should remember that those are not official.\n\nHere is a quick list of what I found:\n\n * 「之」（の）\n * 「于」（に）\n * 「自・由・従」（より）\n * 「与」（と）\n * 「者」（は）\n * 「乎・哉・邪・耶」（疑問の終助詞「や」・「か」）\n * 「耳」・「而已矣」・「已」（のみ）\n * 「乍ら」（ながら）\n * 「許り」（ばかり）\n * 「程」（ほど）\n * 「位」（くらい）\n * 「等・抔」（など）\n\n助動詞\n\n * 「不・弗」（打消の助動詞「ず」）\n * 「可」（推量の助動詞「べし」）\n * 「使・令」（使役の助動詞「しむ」）\n * 「見・被」（受身の助動詞「る」・「らる」）\n * 「如・若」（比況の助動詞「ごとし」）\n * 「也」（断定の助動詞「なり」）\n\nThe part about 助動詞 is what you would expect to find in a 漢文 text.\n\nThere are some more weird kanji in 漢文 like 雖[いえど]も but those are neither\nparticles nor auxiliaries.\n\nRefs: <https://kou.benesse.co.jp/nigate/japanese/a13j0305.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
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62548
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62552
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62552
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{
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"body": "Is 休みたいです more polite than 休みたい？\n\nIt is necessary to say です in every \"たい\" word to sound more polite?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T11:02:42.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62551",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T11:32:27.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Is 休みたいです more polite than 休みたい?",
"view_count": 116
}
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[
{
"body": "Yes, that is exactly the role of です here. です is a polite marker that you add\nto i-adjectives or i-adjectives like to make them polite. So yes, 休みたいです is\nmore polite than 休みたい",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T11:32:27.823",
"id": "62553",
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"parent_id": "62551",
"post_type": "answer",
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62551
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62553
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{
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"body": "\"I have become sleepy, because I did not sleep much last night\"\n\nWhat in the textbook:\n\n> きのうの夜あまり寝なかったから、眠く **なりました** 。\n\nWhat I think is right:\n\n> きのうの夜あまり寝なかったから、眠く **なります** 。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"tense"
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"title": "\"I have become sleepy, because I did not sleep much last night\"textbook wrong translation?",
"view_count": 785
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"body": "This question is fantastic for studying tense. I'll start with the English,\nthen go to the Japanese.\n\n> I have become sleepy, because I did not sleep much last night.\n\nI think that we can agree that the second part (`because I did not sleep much\nlast night.`) is past tense, but what about the tense of the first four words?\n\nAccording to English Learners Stack Exchange, ['has become' is in present\nperfect tense.](https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/115455/what-tense-is-\nhas-became) The same can be said of ['have\nbecome'](http://conjugator.reverso.net/conjugation-english-verb-become.html)\nas well.\n\nIf you're like me, saying that it is present perfect tense seems to imply\npresent tense (it is technically), but there is also an element from the past\ninvolved. From [this source](https://examples.yourdictionary.com/present-\nperfect-tense-examples.html):\n\n> Present perfect tense combines the present tense and the perfect aspect used\n> to express an event that happened in the past that has present consequences.\n> This tense is used to show a link between the present and past and is\n> commonly used in everyday conversations, in the news, on the radio, and when\n> writing letters.\n\n* * *\n\nJapanese present perfect tense is less obvious to the untrained eye than it is\nin English. [This website](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/past-\ntense-and-present-perfect-tense-with-the-ta-form/) might come in handy, but\nthere is one particular part from the the discussion on that page that I'd\nlike to highlight:\n\n> Past tense indicates that actions were completed in the past, e.g. I studied\n> Japanese. Present perfect tense has a number of different functions, e.g. to\n> express completion: “I have just done my homework,” and experience: “I have\n> studied Japanese before.” In English, you distinguish the two tenses by\n> using “have.” However, in Japanese, _we express the two tenses by using the\n> same form._ (emphasis added)\n\nIn other words, to express the present perfect `have become` in Japanese, you\nwould use `なりました`.\n\nI must applaud your attention to detail, as this is something I have never\nstudied or noticed about present perfect tense in Japanese. It appears,\nhowever, that _your textbook was correct_ with its verb conjugation.",
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"body": "下の文章で「上」の意味は何ですか。\n\n例）「このはがき持参の上、おいでください。」\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"words"
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"title": "「持参の上」の「上」の意味は何ですか。",
"view_count": 1142
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{
"body": "「このはがきを持参し、おいでください」という意味です\n\n> ６ ある事柄と他の事柄とを関係させていう時に用いる。 \n> ㋑…したのち。…した結果。「相談した上で返事する」「知的探検家の努力の上に現代科学は築かれている」 --\n> <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/17464/meaning/m0u/>",
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"body": "Here are two examples that I have encountered ん＋や\n\n> ずっと変｛へん｝な夢｛ゆめ｝を見｛み｝とったような気｛き｝がする **んや** けど・・・\n\nanother example:\n\n> なんか、体調｛たいちょう｝悪｛わる｝い **んや** ない？\n\nI am still trying to have a better sense of the letters that add up\nindividually to the end of the sentences in Japanese language, such as\nね、ん、さ、や. So in this case, my question is:\n\nIs there any particular situation in which や is being commonly used after ん\nand if so, what sort of expression it conveys? or we must always try to\nunderstand them separately?",
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"tags": [
"words",
"sentence-final-particles",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "The meaning of んや",
"view_count": 1153
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"body": "I am fairly certain that what you encountered is actually part of 関西弁｛かんさいべん｝,\nor the regional dialect in Kansai. Sometimes Kansai dialect is used to add a\ndifferent feeling to a character. Sometimes it is to add humor (especially\nwhen foreigners use it), but it really depends on the context in which it is\nused.\n\n[や is an element of\n関西弁](https://www.nihongoresources.com/language/dialects/kansaiben.html) that\nwill replace だ at the end of a sentence. (Third listed item in the link\nattached.) You will hear it commonly used in the following ways.\n\n> Kansai: （そう/せぇ） **や** （ね/な）。 \n> Normally: そう **だ** ね。\n>\n> Kansai: そうなん **や** 。 \n> Normally: そうなん **だ** 。\n>\n> Kansai: … **や** けど。 \n> Normally: … **だ** けど。\n\nYou will find that the past tense form of や is やった.\n\nやない is the Kansai form of じゃない, as the link I included states.\n\n* * *\n\nThe ん that you encountered is actually the contracted form of の from the\ngrammar principle [のです/んだ](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/09/08/request-lesson-\nwhen-and-how-to-\nuse-%E3%82%93n-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E2%86%92%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%EF%BC%89/).",
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"body": "My homework is to answer this question.\n\n> なんようび に 日本語 の クラス が ありますか\n\nI believe this question is asking \"What day do i have Japanese class on?\"\n\nI want to say \"I have Japanese class on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.\" Is\nthis how I would say that?\n\n> 日本語 の クラス に げつようび と すいようび と きんようび あります。\n\nThanks",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Homework translation",
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{
"body": "Almost, but not quite. Your answer is almost saying, \"The class _has_ Mon.,\nWed., and Fri.\" What you need to say is, \"As for the class, it is on Mon.,\nWed., Fri.\".\n\nProtip: If you want to impress your teacher, you can contract `げつようび と すいようび と\nきんようび` into `げっすいきん`.",
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"body": "When one starts out learning Japanese, they're always taught to use the phrase\n“さようなら” to mean “goodbye.” However, it's now known that it's not **that**\ncommonly used as people regard it as a kind of “final” goodbye, similar to the\nphrase _Adieu_.\n\nAnd informally, “じゃあ、また” or “またね” are the most common phrases used.\n\nBut when one meets a stranger in the streets, for example, how would they say\n“goodbye” to them?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "How does one say “bye” to a stranger they just met?",
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"body": "さようなら would be perfectly appropriate for that situation, since it is likely\nyou will never see them again.\n\nAnother possibility is お元気で when you think you won't see someone for some\ntime. It's a little more formal, and it is often used with people you already\nknow and have some kind of relationship with. But I think it could be used\nwith someone you don't know well too, depending on what the nature of the\n(brief) relationship was.",
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"body": "If there's a chance of meeting them again, では、また is another option. では is a\nformal version of じゃあ.",
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"body": "> When one meets a stranger in the streets, how would they say “goodbye” to\n> them?\n\nI can't think of a situation where you'd say goodbye to a total stranger\nyou've just met... and what phrase you'd say when parting with them would\ndepend on what conversation you've just had... for example:\n\n> A: すいません、この近くに郵便局はありますか。 \n> B: 郵便局なら、そこをまっすぐ行って、右にあります。 \n> A: ああ、そうですか。ありがとうございます。 \n> B: いえいえ。\n\n> A (駅の階段などで): 重そうですね。持ちましょうか。 \n> B: あ、すいません、ありがとうございます。 \n> A: いえいえ。 \n> B: ありがとうございました、助かりました。 \n> A: いえいえ。お気をつけて。",
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"body": "I think the other answers are ok but I just wanted to expand a little to try\nto give you a different point of view.\n\n> when one meets a stranger in the streets, for example, how would they say\n> “goodbye” to them?\n\nAs I said in a comment, this is not very clear. It could depend a lot on how\nthe interaction goes on, what do you say, how old is the stranger compared to\nyou etc.\n\nHowever, what I want to say is: **Don't assume you MUST say \"goodbye\" just\nbecause your native language/culture has taught you that it is the right thing\nto do.**\n\nA very important thing when learning a new language is to \"get out\" the\nmentality where you automatically port everything from your own culture.\n\nJust as often \"literal translation\" does not work, the same is true for\ncultural habits.\n\nTherefore, to go back to your question, don't think you necessarily have to\nsay \"goodbye\", whether it is さようなら、では、じゃあ、またね, etc. Depending on the\nconversation, it might be perfectly fine to just say nothing.\n\nFor example, the stranger asks you for an indication (how to go somewhere or\nfind some place). Then, the conversation might just end with him thanking you,\nand you saying, いいえ or どういたしまして or whatever, and you both walk away. And\nthat's perfectly fine.",
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"body": "The gist of this question is about you determine whether intransitive verb\ntakes に as \"対象/に対して\" or に as \"原因/によって\", when it's not especially obvious\n\n[対象 is def 3, and 原因 is def\n7](http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/07kakujosi.html#7.3)\n\nに as 対象/に対して:\n\n> 人に頼る 仕事に熱中する\n>\n> 私に勝てると思ってるの\n>\n> 私に甘えっぱなし\n\nに as 原因/によって\n\n> 物音に驚く 酒に酔う 雨に濡れる\n>\n> 恐怖に引きつった表情\n>\n> 歓喜に震えている\n>\n> 怒りと恐怖と不安に乱れていた。\n\nWhile sometimes this distinction is obvious, other times it is definitely\nconfusing. For example:\n\n> 私に、貴方の **汚辱にまみれた** 液を、出してみなさい\n>\n> at first glance it would seem the fluid is being smeared but in fact it is a\n> fluid being smeared **with/by** 汚辱. [With further research As far as i can\n> tell ～に塗れる is always the 原因/によって usage of \"being smeared by\n> ～\".](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8C)\n>\n> **汗に光る** 尻が震えた。\n>\n> is this \"butt glistening \"via\" to sweat or is it \"butt that has light\n> shining at the sweat\" ? [Based on the only related sentence i can find,\n> \"女の目が怒りに光った\"](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%AB%E5%85%89%E3%82%8B) i believe is the\n> first choice, but how can i know for sure?\n\nThere's also randomness in terms of the ～ before に\n\n> take 知恵の輪に没頭する。\n>\n> which would be very similar to the 仕事に熱中する example under 対象/に対して. In fact\n> 彼はそれぞれの仕事に没頭している is also an example. All look like 対象 usage.\n>\n> but ゴミを破壊する簡単なお **仕事** に彼は酔っていた。is also a thing,\n>\n> this ...仕事に looks like> it can only be 原因 usage. So if i look at 知恵の輪に没頭する\n> again, can i be sure that this isn't \"because of 知恵の輪, 没頭する\"?\n\nLastly lets look these sentence i havn't yet searched up example sentences to\nconfirm yet.\n\n> Aくんも私と同じように、恋に破れて泣く日が来るんだろうか (about unrequited love)\n>\n> am i (原因) \"getting torn apart because of love, crying days have come?\", or\n> am I (対象)\"tearing\" the love(my relationship) apart, crying days have come?\"\n>\n> 石につまずいて、転びそうになった\n>\n> (原因) tripped because of rock, or (対象) trip into rock?\n\n 1. **Is there a way to tell without looking up example sentences? Is there a more obvious way to classify verbs in terms of this usage?**\n\n[～にまみれる looks like it only takes\n原因](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8C) and [～に触れる looks\nlike it only takes 対象](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%AB%E8%A7%A6%E3%82%8C)\n\n 2. **Are there any exceptions regarding this for まみれる and 触れる? More generally can intransitive verbs only take one or the other? Are there any intransitive verbs that can take both 原因 and 対象?**\n\nthank you for reading to all the down here.\n\n**edit further clarification:**\n\nThis my be born out of my on misconceptions i'll try and explain where i am\ncoming from:\n\nGiven\n\n> ウォッチングに勤しむ, it is logical to look at it as \"ウォッチング<--towards(対象)--勤しむ\" or \"\n> to work hard at (towards) ウォッチング\n>\n> 私は禁忌に触れない: \"禁忌<--towards(対象)--触れない\" or \" to not conflict against (towards)\n> 禁忌\"\n\nvs\n\n> 恋に破れる: \"恋--because(原因)-->破れる\" or \"to be broken **due to** love \"\n>\n> 歓喜に震えている: \"歓喜--because(原因)-->震えている\" or \"to be shaking **due to** joy\"\n\nThe point is that depending on the verb, the \"direction\" of concept changes.\nAnd sometimes this \"direction\" is hard to discern. Like with XXに困る, to be\nperplexed at(towards) XX, to troubled \"because of\" XX ??\n\nCompared to something like:\n\n> 君が言う, the only option is 君 --> 言う.\n>\n> 君を殴る, the option of is 君 <--- 殴る.\n\nThis can never be reversed no matter what the verb.\n\nIf there is no way to determine \"direction\" a verb falls under without reading\na lot of examples for ～にV-int, is it possible to at least confirm whether each\nverb only take one of 原因 or 対象, or can some take both?",
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"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "\"対象 Intransitive Verbs\" vs \"原因 Intransitive Verbs\" when taking に",
"view_count": 176
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"body": "I doubt there is a simple method to tell the function of に. Ultimately, I\nthink you have to look up each word, read example sentences and memorize which\nparticle should be used. ～にまみれる, ～につまづく and ～に触れる mean one thing,\nrespectively. ～に破れる means either \"to be defeated by ～\" or \"to be heartbroken\nregarding ～\" depending on the context.\n\n(English learners including me are bothered by functional words like \"to\",\n\"at\", \"by\", etc. In English, the closest equivalent of に is perhaps \"to\", but\n[it has dozens of meanings](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/to/).\nSometimes the meaning is obvious, but English learners have to memorize non-\nobvious ones like \"to listen _to_ ～\". See also: [後で vs. 前に. Why not the same\nparticle?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16269/5010))",
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"body": "I don't know how to convey the word たら in English in this context\n\nA girl confessed her feelings to her crush, was rejected, and as a consequence\nshe started wondering what \"好き\" meant.\n\nずっと言えなかった言葉だ\n\nずっと言いたかった言葉だと思う\n\nなのに口から出てしまっ **たら** もう正体がわからない.\n\nSo, the last sentence is something like \"But after the word escaped my mouth,\nI don't know its real meaning anymore\". I think the sentence is a conditional,\nbut たら meaning \"if\" doesn't make sense in English. たら meaning \"when\" makes\nmore sense, but the wording is still a bit awkward \"When it escaped my mouth,\nI don't know its real meaning anymore\"). I think it probably does mean \"when\"\nbut I don't know how to properly translate the word integrated to the whole\nsentence in a way it can convey what the Japanese sentence is expressing. Or\ndoes たら have another use here?\n\nany reply is appreciated_!",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "use of たら in this sentence",
"view_count": 110
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[
{
"body": "Although たら is often taught initially as a simple conditional corresponding to\nthe English \"if\", its meaning and use is broader. Rather than a simple \"if\",\nsee V-たら as _a condition for the main clause to take place_.\n\nThat is: _as soon as V happens, something else occurs_. Which in some cases is\ncloser to \"when\", exactly as you said.\n\nConsider this situation. I'm waiting a friend to arrive by train at some\nstation. I could say:\n\n> 着{つ}いたら連絡{れんらく}してね. When you arrive, give me a call.\n\nor, more literally, contact me. If we exclude extreme (unlikely) cases, we are\nsure that this person will arrive. So, we don't really see this as \"if you\narrive\", which would leave the possibility that the person will not arrive\nopen.\n\nAnother reason to see it as \"when\", is that たら is the only type of conditional\nwhere the result can be in the past. Would be weird to have an “if” when the\nresult has already taken place. These examples are taken from [this\nlink](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals).\n\n> 家に帰ったら、誰もいなかった。 When I went home, there was no one there.\n>\n> アメリカに行ったら、たくさん太りました。 As a result of going to America, I got really fat.\n\nOther than the link above, I suggest you look at this [excellent\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/393/differences-\namong-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%88%E3%81%B0-etc)\nregarding the different types of conditional forms.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T06:51:36.227",
"id": "62577",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T06:51:36.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "62573",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
62573
| null |
62577
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I understand what the particle で does as far as describing how or where an\naction took place. But I notice that I run into で many other times where it\nseems to have a different function.\n\nCould someone help clarify the uses of で? Specifically its uses other than\ndescribing how/where an action occurred.\n\nAn example would be something like this:\n\n> 必ず届くこのいっしゅんのひかりで\n\nOr as used in では, or じゃ. I know what it means in conjugations for adjectives\nand such, but I often see just では following other words like nouns with no\nverb after it or any thing. In the case where it's alone like that, what does\nit mean?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T04:58:33.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62576",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T14:52:13.033",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T14:52:13.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "31075",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Usage of the Particle で alone and with は",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[] |
62576
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62601",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ① 三年前、「俺は今日を限りにタバコをやめるんだ！」といったアイツは昨日煙草による肺癌で死んじまった。\n\nThe sentence above was corrected by numerous Japanese people as in the\nfollowing sentence.\n\n> ① 三年前、「俺は今日限りでタバコをやめるんだ！」といったアイツは昨日煙草による肺癌で死んじまった。\n\nWhat's the difference between these two expressions? When should one be used\nover the other? (I asked this question as well, but I was told that it's hard\neven for Japanese people.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T07:58:29.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62579",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T22:41:52.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27431",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「～を限りに」 vs「～限りで」",
"view_count": 318
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"今日を限りに\" is little formal sentence, I feel.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T11:30:16.970",
"id": "62584",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T11:30:16.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31797",
"parent_id": "62579",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I feel both are fine. To me, 今日を限りに sounds a little more pompous and stilted.\nBut in this case it's not a bad word choice because it expresses the guy's\nresolution well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T22:41:52.523",
"id": "62601",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T22:41:52.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "62579",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
62579
|
62601
|
62601
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "This is probably a pretty basic question, but I'm having trouble finding an\nanswer both here and with Google:\n\nCan you use 「で」to refer to abstract locations, like \"in the video\" or \"on\ntwitter\"?\n\nHere are two examples of sentences I've constructed, but am unsure about:\n\n(1) 「ツイッターでビデオをみました。」 - I saw the video on Twitter.\n\n(2) 「ビデオでなにをしていましたか？」 - What were you doing in the video?\n\nIf で is not the correct particle to use in these situations, is there another\nparticle that is more suitable? Or would you phrase these sentences completely\ndifferently?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T09:18:06.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62580",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T09:18:06.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Can you use で to refer to abstract locations?",
"view_count": 41
}
|
[] |
62580
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62583",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Generally speaking, how much time needs to go by before it would be natural to\nuse 久しぶり? \nIs 2 weeks too short? A month? Where is the line?\n\nDoes frequency affect the usage of 久しぶり? As in, you meet regularly every 2\nmonths, so you wouldn't say 久しぶり?\n\nExample situations:\n\n> 1) You regularly go to a gym and get to know several people there, but\n> because you sometimes skip days as do they, after seeing them 3 times a week\n> for a few months, a month goes by without seeing them. The next time you\n> meet, would you say 久しぶり?\n>\n> 2) You only rarely go to the library, say once every 3 or 4 months, and\n> someone you know works there. That is the only place you see them. Do you\n> say 久しぶり every time?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T09:53:02.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62582",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T10:25:30.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Time between meetings and use of 久しぶり",
"view_count": 509
}
|
[
{
"body": "I generally use 久しぶり if its more than a month. 久しぶり means \"Long time no see\"\nor \"It has been a while.\" How do you define \"long time\" or \"a while\" is\ndefinitely matter of one's preference.\n\nI believe another variable that you could factor in is how often you are\nsuppose to meet this person. For example, if you see the same person\nregularly, let's say every 2 weeks. You don't say 久しぶり everytime. However if\nyou were expected to see this person every week but this person misses the\nmeeting or class and there is 2 weeks of gap then you could say 久しぶり after 2\nweeks. Therefore I believe you can't always put defined time frame to the word\n久しぶり. It deals with how often you are expected to meet this person and the\ntime gap.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T10:25:30.033",
"id": "62583",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T10:25:30.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31796",
"parent_id": "62582",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
62582
|
62583
|
62583
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to say the following: \"We also drove around California and visited\nSan Diego, Joshua Tree Park and several beaches.\"\n\nI think it should be:\n\n> Kariforunia o doraibu shite sandiego nimo ikimashita. Joshua Tree Park to\n> bi-chi o ikutsuka mimashita.\n\nHowever, I've been told that \"Mimashita\" is wrong, because it just means\n\"looked/saw.\" I tried the verb \"kengaku shimashita\" but that apparently is\nalso very similar to \"looked/saw.\"\n\nHow can I change my sentence to naturally convey the concept of visiting those\nplaces?\n\nPS. I have not used hiragana because my skills in hiragana are still at a\nbeginner level and it's just creating too much confusion for me at this stage.\nThe line is only going to be spoken.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T12:02:17.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "62585",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-06T14:49:24.157",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-06T14:49:24.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What verb conveys the concept of 'visited'?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could just combine San Diego with the Joshua Tree/beaches. Note that\n`ikutsuka no` means `a number of`.\n\n> Kariforunia o doraibu shite, sandiego to Joshua Tree Park to ikutsuka no bi-\n> chi ni ikimashita.\n\nIf you mean that on the way to San Diego you went to Joshua Tree and a number\nof beaches, you could say something like the following. `yottemiru` means `to\ngo to somewhere because it's along the way/convenient`. I.E. Getting to San\nDiego was the main goal, but Joshua Tree and the beaches were nearby so you\ndecided to go to those as well.\n\n> Kariforunia o doraibu shite, sandiego ni iki, Joshua Tree Park to ikutsuka\n> no bi-chi ni yottemimashita.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-02T15:10:22.737",
"id": "62588",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T18:28:50.230",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-02T18:28:50.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "62585",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
62585
|
62588
|
62588
|
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