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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let say some thing have fall from the someone who walk in front of you in\nstreet ! Can I call him/her `anata` or `sumimasen` to notice ? In my country\nwe usually say `brother` to boy and `sister` to girl .",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T04:04:55.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65169",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T07:41:32.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32766",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How should I call someone in street?",
"view_count": 485
}
|
[
{
"body": "You should always use a non-specific attention-getter such as 'sumimasen'\nfirst. That should be sufficient. If not, say it louder. If that fails, run up\nto them and tap them gently on the shoulder.\n\nWhat you would call the person who dropped the object depends on who the\nperson is - namely: their age in general, their age relative to you, their\ngender, and their social position relative to yours. To put it more simply,\nthere are many different terms of address, depending strictly on who is being\naddressed.\n\nWhile you can call someone brother, sister, aunt, wife, husband, grandmother,\ngrandfather, etc., until you know those forms properly and when they apply it\nis much better to leave them alone.\n\nCalling someone by the wrong address can create more of an uncomfortable\nsituation than is necessary to get their attention.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T07:41:32.947",
"id": "65172",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T07:41:32.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65169
| null |
65172
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65174",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, the sentence I wanna build here is (talking about reading japanese books):\n\n> Every/Each line you read, there are lots of new kanjis and words.\n\nThe only pattern I remember that is a bit similar to that is **すれば…するほど** ,\nbut I think that would end up changing the meaning to \"The more lines you\nread, the more...\".\n\nSo, with the research I did, the best I could come up with is:\n\n> それぞれ一条を読むと、新しい漢字や言葉がたくさんある。\n\ngoogle actually recommends me to use 「すべての」 but I guess that's totally wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T07:52:08.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65173",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T09:07:52.430",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T08:05:39.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How do I say Every/Each \"Noun\"",
"view_count": 1237
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Every/Each line you read, there are lots of new kanjis and words.\n\nI think the phrase you're looking for is ごとに(毎に).\n\n「一行読む **ごとに** 、新しい漢字や言葉がたくさん出てくる。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T09:07:52.430",
"id": "65174",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T09:07:52.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65173
|
65174
|
65174
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The fact that ドンピシャ (meaning \"right on, fitting to a T\") is written in\nkatakana makes me wonder if it comes from a foreign phrase, but I can't figure\nout which one (out of the European languages I speak). Does anyone know?\n\nOr, if it's an originally Japanese word, can it be spelled with kanji, and if\nso, how?\n\nThanks for your answer!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T10:17:10.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65175",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-11T00:55:09.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32773",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"katakana",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Where does ドンピシャ come from?",
"view_count": 495
}
|
[
{
"body": "> The fact that ドンピシャ (meaning \"right on, fitting to a T\") is written in\n> katakana makes me wonder if it comes from a foreign phrase, but I can't\n> figure out which one (out of the European languages I speak). Does anyone\n> know?\n\nどんぴしゃ is a native Japanese term, written in any script.\n\n> Or, if it's an originally Japanese word, can it be spelled with kanji, and\n> if so, how?\n\nIt's an originally-Japanese word, but it doesn't have any kanji.\n\nSome native vocabulary winds up in katakana because the original kanji is\nonerous to write. 蟻【あり】 (\"ant\") is one such example: anyone writing things out\nby hand will naturally gravitate to four-stroke アリ in preference for 18-stroke\n蟻.\n\nBut some vocabulary winds up in katakana simply to make it stand out more from\nthe rest of the text. Since Japanese doesn't use any whitespace, long strings\nof only-hiragana kind of all munge together and are visually harder to read.\nChanges in script help visually break things up, such as the contrast between\nhiragana and katakana, or between kana and kanji.\n\nAdverbs are common targets of katakana-ization, since many of these are native\nterms that don't have kanji, and these might otherwise blend together with any\nparticles or other hiragana-only spellings.\n\nFor example:\n\n * このぶんしょうはずっとひらがなでかいてあり、かんじやかたかなはひともじもつかわれていない。\n\nThat all kind of mooshes together. Compare with hiragana + some katakana:\n\n * このブンショウはズットひらがなでかいてあり、カンジやカタカナはひともじもつかわれていない。\n\nSlightly easier, I think. Using kanji makes it even easier:\n\n * この文章はずっと平仮名で書いてあり、漢字や片仮名は一文字も使われていない。\n\nAlong similar lines, あれらはどんぴしゃとかさなった ⇒ あれはドンピシャと重なった. The katakana here\ndoesn't indicate foreignness, and is instead used as a visual marker to\nimprove parsing and legibility.\n\n> Where does ドンピシャ come from?\n\nLet's expand upon the word's derivation.\n\n## A compound\n\nThis is a word from two parts: どん + ぴしゃ. I can't find a dated first citation\nfor どんぴしゃ, but slightly longer form どんぴしゃり is first cited only relatively\nrecently, to a book from 1964, with a similar sense of \"exactly, just like so,\nperfectly fittingly\".\n\n### どん\n\nThis arose as an emphasized version of earlier ど, in turn from earlier どう, a\nKansai-area innovation. This prefix was used as a pejorative to poke fun at\nthe main noun. From what I can find, the earliest quote for ど is from 1705,\nand for どん from 1767. I suppose a distantly similar prefix in slang-y English\nmight be _derp_ , as in [_derpman_](https://www.google.com/search?q=derpman)\nor [_derpdog_](https://www.google.com/search?q=derpdog).\n\nOver time, some uses of both ど and どん had more of the emphatic meaning and\nless of the pejorative meaning, with the prefix adding a sense more like\n\"exactly, just so\". Example terms include ど真【まん】ん中【なか】 (\"exactly in the\nmiddle\") or どんぴしゃ (\"exactly fitting\").\n\n### ぴしゃ\n\nぴしゃ appears in 1923, coming from earlier ぴしゃり cited in 1809. Both are adverbs,\noften found with the adverbial particle と. ぴしゃ also appears in the terms ぴしゃん\nand ぴしゃぴしゃ, also adverbs. This seems to be a later sound shift from synonymous\nolder root びしゃ, with adverb びしゃり dating to at least 1603.\n\nAll of these ぴしゃ terms share similar senses, mainly relating to the sound\nsymbolism of the core portion ぴしゃ -- it's basically a sound effect that became\na word unto itself. The main meanings have to do with \"water splashing\" or\n\"something sliding shut suddenly after being pushed, like a door or window\".\n\nThe idea of \"shutting quickly\" then extended to mean \"fitting perfectly\", the\nway a door or window usually fits perfectly into its frame.\n\n### The combination\n\nThus, we have どん (emphatic: \"exactly so\") + ぴしゃり (\"exactly fittingly\"), then\nshortening to どんぴしゃ. Alternatively, we have どん + ぴしゃ directly combining, but\ngiven the earlier date for ぴしゃり, I suspect the version with り came first.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-11T00:55:09.067",
"id": "83036",
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65175
| null |
83036
|
{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AmmAA.jpg)\nis there any other same words? i mean the origin of this word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T11:48:58.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65176",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T11:48:58.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29921",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "単語 ヤバイ origin and comparaision",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[] |
65176
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65179",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say \"I develop software\" in Japanese so I thought that I should use\nthe verb する. But I can also say \"I write software\" and use the verb かく. So\nwhich of the following sentences is the correct one/used the most?\n\n> ソフトエアをかく。==> I write software.\n>\n> ソフトエアをする。==> I do (develop) software.\n\nSimilarly I thought that I can use the word source code/code in order to say\n\"I code\"/\"I am coding\":\n\n> ソズコードをかく。\n>\n> ソズコードをする。\n\nWhich one of the above is the correct one?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T14:44:43.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65177",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T17:20:14.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14599",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "When I need to say \"I develop software\" in Japanese which verb is the appropriate one?",
"view_count": 1961
}
|
[
{
"body": "As mentioned in the comment above, the more/most common way to say this is\neither\n\n> * ソフト(ウエア)を開発しています → (lit.) I develop software \n> or\n> * ソフト開発をしています → I \"do\" software development\n>\n\n(notice the different placement of 開発).\n\nAlso, remember that you don't necessarily need a verb to get your point\nacross. Depending on the context, you could simply say\n\n> * (私は)ソフト開発者です → I'm a software developer\n>\n\nThen if your listener/audience doesn't know what all that entails, you can\nexpound on it with specifics (\"I write source code\", \"I create user\ndocumentation\", etc.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T17:20:14.393",
"id": "65179",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T17:20:14.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "65177",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65177
|
65179
|
65179
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65209",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65139/can-%E3%81%8C-be-\ninterchanged-with-%E3%82%92) post I learned that I can change subject marker が\nwith を (Aの方がB・・・） and it will be completely fine, but can I do so with\n**「AはBと同じくらいC」** construction?\n\nFor example, I need to say \"He is as good at English, as at Russian\". How\nshould I deal with it?\n\n> 1. あの人は英語がロシア語と同じくらい良く話します\n>\n\nWhat I wanted to say by this sentence is that \"Regarding him, it is English\nthat he speaks as well, as Russian.\", but I'm afraid that cannot do so\nbecause, I belive, が denotes the subject that is doing the speaking.\n\nBut I believe that this sentence would be fine:\n\n> 2. あの人は英語がロシア語と同じくらい上手です。\n>\n\nAlso, I tried an option with で to indicate the means of speaking.\n\n> 3. あの人は英語でもロシア語でも同じくらい良く話します。\n>\n\nEven if the 2nd one is perfectly fine, I'd like to know how to say the same\nthing by using the same pattern but with verb 話す",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T18:01:03.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65180",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T06:46:22.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "AはBと同じくらい... comparative construction",
"view_count": 376
}
|
[
{
"body": "> \"He is as good at English, as at Russian\". \n> あの人は英語 **が** ロシア語と同じくらい良く **話します** 。\n\nYour sentence is not correct, I'm afraid. You should instead say...\n\n> あの人は英語 **が** ロシア語と同じくらいよく **話せます** 。\n\n... using the potential form 話せる, \"can speak\".\n\nYou can use 「[Noun] + が + [potential form of a transitive verb]」 to mean \"can\ndo [object]\". E.g. 「漢字が読めます」\"can read kanji\" 「コーヒーが飲めます」\"can drink coffee\"\n\nTo use 話 **し** ます here, you use を, as in:\n\n> あの人は英語 **を** ロシア語と同じくらいよく **話します** 。\n\n(but this can also mean \"He speaks as much English as (he does) Russian\" or\n\"He speaks English as often as (he does) Russian.\" To avoid the confusion, you\ncould instead say 「あの人は英語をロシア語と同じくらい **上手に** 話します。」)\n\n* * *\n\n> あの人は英語 **が** ロシア語と同じくらい **上手です** 。\n\nSounds perfectly fine.\n\nYou use が with adjectives expressing one's emotion, feelings, or skills, such\nas 上手だ、得意だ、好きだ、欲しい、こわい、心配だ etc. E.g. 「英語が下手です」\"poor at English\" 「音楽が好きです」\"like\nmusic\" 「地震が怖いです」\"be scared of earthquakes\"\n\n* * *\n\n> あの人は英語でもロシア語でも同じくらい良く話します。\n\nSounds okay to me, but it could mean \"He speaks a lot both in English and in\nRussian\".\n\nTo more clearly say \"He speaks both English and Russian (equally)\nwell/fluently\", I think you can say...\n\n> あの人は英語(で)もロシア語(で)も同じくらいよく話せます。 \n> あの人は英語(で)もロシア語(で)も同じくらい上手に話せます。\n\n...using potential 「話せる」. Of course you can also say:\n\n> あの人は英語もロシア語も同じくらい上手です。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T06:40:01.987",
"id": "65209",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T06:46:22.667",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T06:46:22.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65180",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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65180
|
65209
|
65209
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65185",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Reading a text like:\n\n> 海の深さが200m以上{いじょう}\n\nThe first thing that came into my mind was:\n\n> Above a level of 200m depth\n\nBut then I realized that my understanding can be wrong and it may mean\nsomething like:\n\n> At a depth over 200m\n\n**Which interpretation is correct?**\n\nIt can be associated with [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56036/use-\nof-%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A-and-%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B-with-negative-numbers) but the\nanswer may be different in this particular context.\n\nSource for an example usage: [NHK Easy\nNews](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011789551000/k10011789551000.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T18:22:54.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65181",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T19:27:07.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T19:27:07.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "14283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"nuances",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Meaning of 以上 and 以下 according to water depth level",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "As Kentaro Tomono noted in a comment, this particular context is talking about\nthe depth of the water, so it would have to be _\"more than 200m\"_ , not _\"less\ndeep than 200m\"_. Although the 以上 refers to \"above\", it's like saying in\nEnglish, _\"200m **or more** \"_.\n\n以上 and 以下 are, strictly speaking, _inclusive_. If we say in Japanese,\n「200m以上【いじょう】」, we're technically saying _\"200m **or more** \"_, and\n_including_ the 200m in the range of values we're talking about. If we say in\nEnglish, _\" **more than** 200m\"_, we're being _exclusive_ , so that a value of\n200m is _excluded_ from the range of values we're talking about.\n\nWriters in Japanese often use 以上 and 以下 in their original inclusive senses.\nPossibly due to influence from English, they sometimes also use these terms in\na way closer to the English \"more than\" or \"less than\" in their exclusive\nsenses. So you really need to pay attention to context to discern the best way\nof translating these terms -- especially in fields like finances or medicine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T19:26:11.117",
"id": "65185",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65181
|
65185
|
65185
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was puzzled by this use of \"１日,\" which I had not encountered yet (from\ntangorin.com):\n\n> 私たちはたいてい１日の主な食事を晩にとります。 \n> We usually have our main meal of the day in the evening. \n> わたしたちはたいていいちにちのおもなしょくじをばんにとります。\n\nQuestions:\n\n 1. Is this reading by tangorin.com correct?\n 2. Why do example sentences in WWJDIC, Tangorin, or Jisho.org not come with readings by default? What is the point of having example sentences with computer-generated readings that one cannot trust? Your insights would be appreciated. Perhaps it would reduce my frustration somewhat.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T18:26:56.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65182",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T01:36:06.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T01:36:06.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "１日 reading, yet again",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "Okay. So we have: ついたち, いちじつ, and いちにち. [ひとひ and ひとえ are both indicated as\nbeing obsolete]\n\nついたち is pretty well shown to be used for the 'first day of the month', so this\nusage is unambiguous.\n\nThis leaves us with いちじつ and いちにち. Which one is correct? いちにち is the more\ncommon form. The vast amount of the time this will be the reading. いちじつ is\noften used in compound kanji sets (四文字熟語, etc.）and would necessitate the kanji\nelement 「一」 rather than the Arabic numeral '1'. The usage of いちじつ is more\nliterary/poetic.\n\nWhile you said that dictionary.goo.ne.jp didn't provide readings, the link\nthat you posted in the comments was actually informative as to their usages.\n\nTo answer your second question, as to why these sites do not choose a\n'default' reading, I would say it is because all readings are equally valid\nand their selection depends on context. Also, a 'default' reading indication\ncan possibly encourage people to select an inappropriate reading and\ndiscourage them from selecting the most appropriate reading. Possibly having a\n'usage frequency indicator' might be helpful though. You might want to ask\nthem why they don't have something like this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T20:06:05.517",
"id": "65186",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T20:06:05.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65182
| null |
65186
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65193",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Seen in the introduction to a book entitled 日本語文法ハンドブック, so it would greatly\nsurprise me if it's a typo. Each section in the book is broken into parts and\none is entitled \"これだけは\", being described here:\n\n「これだけは」にはその項目を教えるにあたって最低限知っておくべき情報を挙げてあります。\n\nThe end of the sentence is a Vてある construction, but uses を instead of が or は.\nMy understanding is that this is not correct. Is this a typo, or a usage I'm\nnot familiar with?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T18:34:24.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65183",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T13:06:13.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "「を」Vてある - Typo or actual construction?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "が～Vてある is used to describe a state that comes from completing _**V**_. を~Vてある\nis used to indicate that _**V**_ has been completed in preparation for\nsomething. In your case, it's that the information has been provided for your\nedification.\n\nThe table from\n[here](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/046.html)\nhelps show the two usages of Vてある (though I think it's wrong that ~Vている can\nonly be for intransitive verbs):\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mAMoV.png)\n\nAnd here are some examples, pulled from\n[here](https://www.tomojuku.com/blog/teoku/tearu2/) and the previous link:\n\n> たくさん漢字の練習 **をしてある** から、今日のテストは問題ないと思う。\n>\n> A：小林さんに来週の予定 **を話してあります** か。B：いいえ、まだです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T22:35:14.833",
"id": "65193",
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"parent_id": "65183",
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"score": 4
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65189",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みなさん!\n\nI'm supposed to prepare a small speech for an oral exam I have on Monday based\non the meals of the day. I'm just a bit confused as to what the correct\nstructure would be;\n\n 1. 私は朝ごはんにオートミールを食べます。\n 2. 朝ごはんはオートミールをたべます。\n\nAnd a side question porridge = オートミール ?\n\nThe doubt I have is that our 先生 hasn't taught us the grammar for the first\nphrase, so I'm not sure he'd be happy with me using that one. Cheers in\nadvance guys!\n\nありがとうございます!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T20:21:33.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65187",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-14T09:02:15.360",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-14T09:02:15.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32525",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "I have porridge for breakfast",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "For porridge where it is assumed that it is 'oatmeal porridge', オートミール would\nbe fine. Porridge and オートミール are not synonymous though.\n\nPorridge as a general, all-encompassing term is ポリッジ. \nRice porridge is 粥｛かゆ｝, or more commonly お粥｛おかゆ｝.\n\n> （私は）朝ごはんはオートミールを食べます。For breakfast, I eat oatmeal (porridge). \n> （私は）朝ごはんはポリッジを食べます。For breakfast, I eat (unspecified) porridge. \n> （私は）朝ごはんはお粥を食べます。For breakfast, I eat rice porridge.\n\nDon't be overly concerned about the above sentences using two は particles.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T21:12:17.270",
"id": "65189",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "65187",
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"score": 2
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65187
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65189
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65215",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that the radical 手 means \"hand\" but I wanna know meaning does 「手」\ncontribute as a part of a character\n\nIf anyone can give me five examples and it could be better if he can bring\nexample with a different usings to this radical please do it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T21:42:28.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65190",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T01:32:07.393",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T11:21:12.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "32763",
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the radical 手 as a part of character?",
"view_count": 350
}
|
[
{
"body": "# `[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n[金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kraT7.png) \n曶壺蓋 \n[集成9728](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=9728&jgwfl=)``今 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KrkUN.png) \n \n`\n\n「手{しゅ}」is a picture of a hand. It has variants\n\n * 「扌」(normally written on the left)\n * 「⿻一十」(bottom component of「奉」)\n\n* * *\n\n「手・扌・⿻一十」normally contributes one of two meanings:\n\n 1. _Something to do with a hand (anatomy)_ , e.g.:\n\n * 掌 ( _palm of hand_ )\n * 拳 ( _fist_ )\n * 指 ( _finger_ )\n 2. _Verbs which (probably) involve hands._ There's an endless list of these:\n\n * 損 ( _to harm_ )\n * 撃 ( _to attack_ )\n * 投 ( _to throw_ )\n * 択 ( _to choose_ )\n * 抱 ( _to hug_ )\n\n...\n\n* * *\n\nWhen「手・扌・⿻一十」contributes _meaning_ , it is functionally equivalent to the\nfollowing components when they also only contribute _meaning_ :\n\n * 「又{う}・⿻コ一・彐」( _picture of a right hand_ )\n\n# `[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/P61nK.png) \n[後](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)2.5.15 \n[合集24506](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=24506&jgwfl=)``秦 \n簡 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/n4oFf.png) \n睡・日甲36 \n``今 \n楷 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xLtDA.png) \n \n`\n\n * 「寸{すん}」( _picture of a right hand with a mark at the wrist_ )\n\n# `[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1cAnA.png) \n[睡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuihudi_Qin_bamboo_texts)・[秦](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)51 \n``今 \n楷 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZT10U.png) \n \n`\n\n * 「{さ}・」( _picture of a left hand_ )\n\n# `商 \n甲 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2RjU0.png) \n[粹](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)950 \n[合集28882](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=28882&jgwfl=)``西周 \n金 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bs41K.png) \n三年師兌簋 \n[集成4318](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=4318&jgwfl=)``今 \n楷 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uklZ9.png) \n \n`\n\n * 「爪{そう}・爫」( _side view of a hand with the fingers pointing downwards_ )\n\n# `商 \n甲 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iDlXh.png) \n[乙](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)3471 \n`` \n[篆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_seal_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHJUb.png) \n[說文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) \n``今 \n楷 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LBlyi.png) \n \n`\n\nOf course, these components all have different pronunciations, so if these\ncomponents happen to contribute _sound_ instead, then they are no longer\nequivalent to each other.\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)\n * [國學大師](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/)\n * [郭沫若《甲骨文合集》](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/)\n * [中國社會科學院考古研究{{kr:所}}《殷周金文集成》](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T12:47:51.683",
"id": "65215",
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"parent_id": "65190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the Genki Workbook, it is asked to translate the sentence\n\n\"My computer is slower than yours.\"\n\nI did so using the structure AのほうがBより~ and wrote\n\n「私のパソコンのほうがあなたのより遅いです。」\n\nHowever, in the answer sheet, it was written\n\n「私のパソコンはあなたのより遅いです。」\n\nAfter doing some research, I've managed to find that both these structures are\ncorrect. However, there are some questions to which I didn't found an answer\nto:\n\n1) Are there contexts where one or the other structure is desirable, or\nmandatory?\n\n2) In daily use, which is more natural to say?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T21:50:50.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65191",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T11:00:46.183",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T01:10:22.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "32479",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "は vs のほうが : when to use each one",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is all about how exhaustive-ga works in Japanese. Both sentences are\ntranslated as \"My PC is slower than yours\", but English speakers mainly use\n_emphasis_ to express the important nuance which is expressed by の方が in\nJapanese. If you want to read it out loud like this:\n\n> **_My_** PC is slower than yours.\n\nThen you'll probably want to use the version with の方が. So there must always be\na certain context (e.g., someone said to you \"My PC is slower than yours,\nright?\" or \"Whose PC is slower?\").\n\nOn the other hand, the version using は is plainly describing some fact out of\nnowhere.\n\n> My PC is slower than yours.\n\nProbably this happens less often in daily use.\n\nLikewise, 彼は英語を話せます is plain \"He can speak English\", but 彼が英語を話せます is like \"\n** _He_** can speak English\" or \"It's he who can speak English\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T06:53:57.527",
"id": "65280",
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"score": 5
}
] |
65191
|
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm just wondering how I can use Japanese to express the idea of something\nbeing suitable for something.\n\nIn my specific case, I was trying to express to a friend that I found a \"baby\nfriendly\" hotel. I can't seem to find any grammar guides on how to express the\nconcept of something being suitable for babies.\n\nI already know 子供向け (intended for children), but I don't think that works for\nthis situation.\n\nHow could someone say \"a [noun] friendly [noun]\"\n\ne.g. a dog friendly shopping mall.\n\ne.g. a train service suitable for children.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T22:00:33.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65192",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T01:29:16.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Express the idea of something being suitable for something: \"a Baby friendly hotel\"",
"view_count": 62
}
|
[
{
"body": "One way to express this could be...\n\n```\n\n ＿＿＿歓迎{かんげい}の＿＿＿\n \n```\n\n * **赤{あか}ちゃん歓迎の** ホテル\n\na **baby-friendly** hotel\n\n * **ワンちゃん歓迎の** マンション\n\na **dog-friendly** apartment\n\nAlso, in the case of something being suitable for babies and small children,\nthe word ファミリー is often used.\n\nファミリーホテル、ファミリー旅行プラン\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OmZZA.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T01:17:41.697",
"id": "65200",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T01:29:16.920",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65192",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65192
| null |
65200
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65216",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Maybe this is a stupid question, because very likely it is possible for\nadvanced learners to distuiguish this. However, in the present tense ...でする\n(particle で) and ...です (copula) are distinct, while in the past tense they\nsound the same.\n\nMy current way to cope with this problem is to search in e.g. Google for\nexpressions using the present tense, i.e. either です or で+する and compairing the\nnumber of found pages.\n\n```\n\n Example phrase: 思い出でした\n \n```\n\nGoogle hits for\n\n```\n\n 思い出でする: 22\n 思い出です: 2.7 million\n \n```\n\nClearly, copula wins over the other \"possibility\". This is rather awkward.\nEspecially if there are terms that are less frequently used so Google returns\neither way few pages. Is there an easier way I am not seeing?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T22:49:23.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65194",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T13:42:22.123",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T08:34:49.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "18895",
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"particle-で",
"tense",
"copula"
],
"title": "Past tense ...でする vs. past tense copula です confusion",
"view_count": 242
}
|
[
{
"body": "思い出でする looks like a typo to me. The first four hits on Google are echoes of\nthe same single posting, such as [here](https://www.musicman-\nnet.com/artist/18804). The verb phrase _omoide suru_ (to have a memory about\nsomething) is spelled in kanji/kana as 思【おも】い出【で】する. The phrase 思い出でする would\nhave to be read as _omoide de suru_ , which is grammatically broken. There are\ncases where 思い出でする could be read as _omoide_ (noun, \"memory, recollection\")\n_de_ (particle, often instrumental, \"with, by means of\") _suru_ (verb, \"do\"),\nas part of a larger phrase, but this seems unlikely and the semantics\n(meaning) doesn't work very well.\n\nMeanwhile, 思い出です would be read as _omoide desu_. This is grammatically\ncorrect, and works out to: \"[something] is a memory.\" I'm showing [2.94\nmillion hits for\nthis](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%22),\nthough, not 22, compared to [just 26 hits for\n思い出でする](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%22).\nThis is nearly backwards from what you found -- I'm not sure how you're\ngetting your hit numbers?\n\nLooking back at your original phrase, 思い出でした would be read as _omoide deshita_\n, and it would mean \"[something] was a memory\". On its own, there is no\nconfusion between past-tense copula でした ( _deshita_ ) and partcle + past-tense\n\"do\" でした ( _de shita_ ), simply because the latter doesn't make sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T23:35:25.780",
"id": "65198",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "思い出でする means \"to do something as(because of) a memory\", this で is a\npostpositional particle that is used for \"cause\", \"reason\". For example,\n彼女と初デートの場所でキスを思い出でしたい.\n\n思い出です means \"Something is a memory\", です is a copula.\n\n思い出でした can mean the both meanings. For example, 彼女と初デートの場所で、キスを思い出でした(I kissed\nmy girl friend at the our first date place as a memory),\n彼女とのファーストキスは、良い思い出でした(My first kiss with my girl friend was a good memory).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T13:33:16.617",
"id": "65216",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T13:42:22.123",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T13:42:22.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
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65194
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|
65216
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Most of the Chinese, Korean and Japanese people that I speak to say that there\nare only two strokes in 子 and 辶, saying that nobody does it using three\nstrokes. Yet, on every single official source (Chinese government sources,\nJapanese dictionaries, online dictionaries) it shows each element with three\nstrokes.\n\nIf the people do it one way and the official sources do it another way, what\nis the correct way to do it?\n\nIn Japan, there is no official government-mandated stroke order for each\ncharacter, which means that the official stroke order is decided by the\ncollective will of the people. Does this even matter?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T22:50:53.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65195",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T01:23:01.877",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-03T01:23:01.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "32778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Stroke counts for 子 and the 辶 radical?",
"view_count": 438
}
|
[
{
"body": "This question is a bit off-topic. This regards whether authoritative sources\nare more valid than non-authoritative sources, which can apply to any language\nand many fields of study.\n\nWhether it matters or not is up to you. The 'proper' way to do something and\nthe way it is done are two different things. \nSo, to answer your question: Person A thinks doesn't matter and person B\nthinks it does matter. When scholars decide one thing and most laypeople\ndecide another, who do you listen to? It's **your choice**.\n\nAre there benefits to doing it one way versus the other? Potentially, yes. If\nyou want to become a master calligrapher or an expert in any specific\ndiscipline, definitely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T23:24:18.080",
"id": "65197",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T23:24:18.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65195",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "To expand on user27280's answer, it also matters whether you ever want to find\nthings in a kanji / hanzi dictionary using stroke count as a lookup index. The\n子 character is clearly listed in character dictionaries as having three\nstrokes (such as [the Wiktionary entry\nhere](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Han_character), so if you try\nto look up this character or any of its derivatives, and you only count two\nstrokes, you'll never find what you're looking for.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T23:41:38.677",
"id": "65199",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T23:41:38.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65195",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> Most of the Chinese, Korean and Japanese people that I speak to say that\n> there are only two strokes in 子 and 辶, saying that nobody does it using\n> three strokes.\n\nWell, one thing is for sure, all of the people you spoke to who attended\nschool would have learned these characters with 3 strokes, because officially\n(education ministries, etc.) they have 3 strokes in Japanese Kaisho\n(楷書{かいしょ}), Chinese 楷書 (both simplified and traditional) as well as Korean 楷書\nHanja. Kaisho is the name of the type of calligraphy that has been standard\nfor Chinese characters in public education for a long time.\n\n> Yet, on every single official source (Chinese government sources, Japanese\n> dictionaries, online dictionaries) it shows each element with three strokes.\n> If the people do it one way and the official sources do it another way, what\n> is the correct way to do it?\n\nScholars and the government promote and teach an official ideal (\"correct\")\nsystem of writing and the people use it in daily life. What is correct may\ndepend on the circumstances and what is required.\n\nFor instance, if you answer that 子 has two strokes instead of three on an\nelementary school writing test in Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore etc.\nyour answer will be marked as incorrect by your teacher. However, if you\npersonally write a letter to someone named Keiko (圭子) and you write the second\ncharacter without lifting your pen, it's unlikely that she won't be able to\nread it.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NwPgns.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/thP4Ns.png)\n\n> In Japan, there is no official government-mandated stroke order for each\n> character, which means that the official stroke order is decided by the\n> collective will of the people. Does this even matter?\n\nThe Japanese government has published guidelines which are followed by almost\nevery publisher and educational institution in the country and these include\nthe number of strokes in each of the Joyo Kanji. I would say that whether it\nmatters to a learner of Japanese probably depends on their goals in learning\nto write, just like it does for someone learning to write in English.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T03:04:29.400",
"id": "65201",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T19:51:13.673",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T19:51:13.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65195",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65195
| null |
65201
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65203",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I searched for this kanji in japanese dictionaries i didn't found many\nresults just found it in the popular sites like [wiktionary page\n](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%95%80#) and\n[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%95%80) it means \"to give\" and there\nis no example words containing it and also the same thing with the kanjis are\ncontianing it like 箅, 淠 and 痹 all of them have resulst but haven't word\nexamples\n\nBut the strange thing is there is only one kanji contain it 鼻 (nose) and it\nhas example words in all dictionaries and it's also a radical and a common\nkanji so why is this kanji especially known in the dictionaries among all of\nthese kanjis which contain 畀?\n\nAnd the funny is also the kanjis which contain 鼻 haven't example words in the\ndictionaries like this 嚊.\n\nSo the question is why this kanji 畀 and its related kanjis haven't example\nwords? Are they not common or deleted or something like that ? And why\nespically 鼻 (nose) among the kanjis related to 畀 has examples and is very\ncommon ? I believe that there is someone have the answer.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T23:20:49.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65196",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T13:57:53.223",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T04:13:48.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "A question about the kanji 畀?",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, it looks like you're trying to break down _kanji_ into constituent\ncomponents and learn those components. I agree that this is the most logical\nway to learn _kanji_.\n\nHowever, as you've also noticed, you cannot find many definitions of one of\nthe breakdown components of「鼻」.\n\n> 「鼻{び}」is composed of semantic「自」and phonetic「畀{ひ}」, although please note\n> that in Japanese, the bottom part of「鼻」is written as「廾」rather than its\n> appearance in Chinese as「丌」.\n>\n> For reference,「自」was originally a picture of a _nose_.\n>\n> # `[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n> [甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aKlmR.png) \n> [甲](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)392 \n>\n> [合集33314](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=33314&jgwfl=)``[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n> [金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dE3EW.png) \n> 沈子它簋蓋 \n> [集成4330](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=4330&jgwfl=)`` \n> [篆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_seal_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BTKHM.png) \n> [說文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) \n> ``今 \n> [楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RMory.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> The shape of the nostrils is no longer explicit in the third form above,\n> leading to the modern form.\n\nIt pays to remember again that _kanji_ were originally created for the Chinese\nlanguage(s). The overwhelmingly common way of writing _nose_ in Chinese\nis「{{kr:鼻}}」, and this is the character that Japanese adopted to also write\n_nose_. However, this does not automatically mean that Japanese would adopt\nthe components of「鼻」as common characters.\n\nChinese characters number in the order of 10,000~100,000, so don't expect\nJapanese to adopt all those characters. Japanese only adopts what is needed\nfrom Chinese characters to make the characters work in the Japanese language!\n\n* * *\n\nExplicitly,\n\n> 畀 箅 淠 痹 嚊 etc.\n\ncannot be found in common dictionaries with example sentences because they are\nsimply not part of the _kanji_ that Japanese ordinarily uses.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T03:52:35.110",
"id": "65203",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T13:57:53.223",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "65196",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65196
|
65203
|
65203
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does × mean in titles of Japanese TV shows and comics? Whether it's a NHK\nshow like _Designer × Artisan_ or a comic like _Hunter × Hunter_ , I've seen\nthis symbol occur very often in titles. What does it mean? How do you\npronounce it, in Japanese and English?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T04:35:34.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65206",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-07T17:30:00.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "What does × mean in titles of Japanese TV shows and comics?",
"view_count": 504
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the examples I have witnessed (in Japanese advertising), it is used to\nsuggest that combining two concepts/groups produce results comparable to those\nof a [Cartesian product](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_product),\nwhich usually returns more elements than a\nsum/[union](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_\\(set_theory\\)).\n\nIt implies a meaning a bit similar to the expressions \"1 + 1 = 3\" , or \"the\ngroup is more than the sum of its individual components\".\n\nSo the idea conveyed by \"Designer x Artisan\" would be something like \"they are\nnot only Designer AND Artisan (Designer + Artisan), but they are actually\nsomething much more than that\".\n\nHere are explanations I found of the concept, from a native speaker: \nexp-realize-n.jugem.jp/?eid=99 \nこの「×」という記号によって，コラボレーションという意味を成す，ということを我々現代人は直感的に理解します．\nそこで，この記号の元来の意味を考えてみましょう．\n「×」という記号は，算数の掛け算で用います．僕は小学二年の時に掛け算を習いました．ある数値(スカラー)同士の掛け算の記号，という認識が最も一般的だと僕は思います．\nまた，「×」記号はスカラー同士の演算だけでなく，様々な場面で使います．ベクトルの外積，行列の積，などなど．\n掛けるという演算は，世の中の多くの場面に出現し，活躍しています",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T13:27:42.420",
"id": "65345",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-07T17:30:00.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-07T17:30:00.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "1319",
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"parent_id": "65206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
65206
| null |
65345
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65225",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have searched the internet for help on using several verbs in one sentence\nwhen they are connected with different objects and performed by different\npeople, but every search comes back with an explanation of the て-form which is\nnot quite the same thing. Every example of this form I have seen is used for\nlisting verbs a single agent performed. What I have in mind, however, is\nsomething like this:\n\n> The professor asked me to ask you to teach me about your research.\n\nI have been trying an attempt at a translation of my own, but it is always so\nclumsy I'm not sure about it.\n\n> 先生は私にあなたにあなたの研究について私に説明するように頼むように頼んだ。\n\nThis is confusing to me because, since the order of the words is not\nimportant, and since the particle に is used twice, it could mean that the\nteacher asked you to ask me to explain to you about your research.\n\nCan you help me?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T08:26:20.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65210",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T05:20:16.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T04:41:35.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to write a sentence with several verbs associated to different objects?",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "> The professor asked me to ask you to teach me about your research. \n> 先生は私にあなたにあなたの研究について私に説明するように頼むように頼んだ。\n\nYour sentence is grammatically correct, but you're right that it's a bit\nclumsy.. I think it's probably because the subject changes too many times..\nlike, 先生 for 頼んだ, 私 for 頼む, あなた for 説明する..\n\nI suggest using 「～してもらう」\"to have someone do~~\" and 「～よう(に(と))言われた」\"I was told\nto do~~\", so that the subject of the whole sentence doesn't change (ie. the\nsubjects of してもらう and 言われる are both 私), like this:\n\n> 私は、あなたの研究についてあなたに説明してもらうように、先生に言われました。 \n> _lit._ I was told to have you explain your research by professor.\n\nand you can omit the pronouns that are clear from the context, like this:\n\n> 「あなたの研究について説明してもらうように、先生に言われました。」\n\n(As you may know, it'd be more polite and normal to say 「[name] + さん/くん etc.」\ninstead of あなた.)\n\nAlternatively, you can also say like this:\n\n> 「[name]さんの研究について教えてもらいなさいと、先生に/から言われました。」 \n> 「研究について[name]さんに教えてもらうよう、先生に/から言われました。」 \n> 「[name]さんに研究について聞くように(と)、先生に/から言われました。」 \n> etc...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T05:09:46.110",
"id": "65225",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T05:20:16.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T05:20:16.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65210
|
65225
|
65225
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65212",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm regularly asked at shops/supermarkets with something like:\n\n> ポイントカードはお持ちでしょうか\n\nMy understanding is that the person is asking if I have a point card. I've\nalso read [What's the difference between でしょうか and ですか at the end of a\nquestion?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12977/whats-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B-and-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B-at-\nthe-end-of-a-question) that adding a でしょうか basically just means that person is\nguessing or wondering if I have a point card.\n\nWhat is the appropriate way to say \"No, I don't have one\"?\n\nI understand 持ち comes from もつ (to have). \nBut I'm not sure if I should say:\n\n * 持たない (negative of もつ)\n * もっていません (progressive, \"not carrying one right now\")\n * simply ない (seems off because the question is not using ある）\n * or some other?\n\nI've tried all 3 and they seem to understand. \nBut maybe there's one that's most appropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T09:13:05.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65211",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T12:52:18.897",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T12:52:18.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "28048",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Appropriate \"No, I don't have\" response to \"お持ちでしょうか\"",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, the でしょうか ending serves a softening function and demonstrates\nuncertainty, making the question sound less direct, akin to 'I wonder if you\nmight have a point card?' rather than 'Do you have a point card?'.\n\nThe clerk is asking if you currently have your point card on your person and,\nindirectly, if you would like to use it. As this is a continuous/progressive\nstate of possession, you would not use もつ or the negative equivalent もたない. Not\nowning a point card (encompassing past present and future - infinitive form)\nyou would use もつ or もたない. Upon hearing this though, the clerk might think that\nyou might want one.\n\nPossible answers include: もっていません/もってません, もっていない/もってない（です）, ない（です）, or simply\nいいえ. You can also start with いいえ, then add one of the other responses (This\nwould be my recommendation). \nSome people might use けっこうです or だいじょうぶです, but that sounds like you're saying\n'No thank you' (turning down an offer), which while understood to be a\nresponse in the negative still sounds wrong, as it is not actually answering\nwhat was asked.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T11:02:47.957",
"id": "65212",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T11:35:18.583",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T11:35:18.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65211",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65211
|
65212
|
65212
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65214",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The kanji 手 (not the radical) is very common and i found hundreds of\nvocbularies are containing it and i thought that its using as a component in\nwords is to refer to ( hand, ability, skill or possession) but i found some\nwords that have this kanji but its meaning isn't from this list so i wanna\nknow all real uses of this kanji and example for each. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T11:23:51.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65213",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T12:48:00.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the meanings of kanji 手 when it's part of a compound word?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "手 【て】 Meanings list : hand, arm, forepaw, foreleg, handle, hand, worker, help,\ntrouble, care, effort, means, way, trick, move, technique, workmanship, hand,\nhandwriting, kind, type, sort, one's hands, one's possession, ability to cope,\nhand (of cards), direction, move (in go, shogi, etc.)\n\nExamples for words containing 手 :\n\n1- 手【て】がける to make, to do, to produce, to work on.\n\n2- 逆手 【ぎゃくて】 underhand grip, backhand grip (e.g. in tennis), unexpected twist,\nturning the tables (on an opponent)\n\n3- 担 【にな】い手 【て】 bearer, carrier, person bearing responsibility, person in\ncharge.\n\n**Find more about :**\n\n 1. [Words starting with 手](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%89%8B)\n 2. [Words ending with 手](https://jisho.org/search/*%E6%89%8B)\n 3. [Words containing 手](https://jisho.org/search/*%E6%89%8B*)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T12:31:13.217",
"id": "65214",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T12:48:00.743",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T12:48:00.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "28162",
"owner_user_id": "32787",
"parent_id": "65213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65213
|
65214
|
65214
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why the difference between Buddhist temples, **お** 寺, and Shinto shrines, 神社?\n(The latter does not take ご神社, お神社 or 御神社.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T14:25:52.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65217",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T20:37:16.867",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T16:30:45.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"history"
],
"title": "Why お寺 but 神社 (not ご神社)?",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "Apples to apples, the on-yomi equivalent to 寺{てら} would be 寺院{じいん}. It would\nbe just as unusual to see ご寺院 as ご神社. I think by adding ご, it almost sounds\nlike the 寺院 or 神社 belongs to the person you are addressing, and since neither\none is likely to belong to a single person, the construction sounds unnatural.\n\nOn the other hand the kun-yomi equivalent of 神社 would be 社{やしろ}. It wouldn't\nbe strange to refer to this as お社, it's just that the word 社 itself is not as\ncommon as 神社. I think お doesn't carry the same implication as ご, namely that\nthe thing marked belongs to the person you are addressing.\n\n> Common: お寺、寺院、神社\n>\n> Sounds strange: ご寺院、ご神社\n>\n> Not strange, but less common: お社",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T20:37:16.867",
"id": "65223",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T20:37:16.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65217
| null |
65223
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand that あります is used for presenting or describing the location of\nthings but I was unsure of how it is being applied in these two sentences:\n\n> あなたの学校に何がありますか。\n\nAm I right in assuming that this is saying 'what is at your school?'\n\n> この教室にだれがいますか。\n\nAm I right in assuming this is saying 'who is in that classroom?'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T15:45:59.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65219",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T02:46:57.797",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-31T15:50:51.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding the use of あります",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Am I right in assuming that this is saying 'what is at your school?'\n\nYes.\n\n> Am I right in assuming this is saying 'who is in that classroom?'\n\nNo, since この means \"this\", the answer is\n\n\"Who is in this classroom?\". Not \"that\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T17:22:03.167",
"id": "65222",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-31T17:22:03.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "あります and います are both used for the verb \"to exist\". While this is quite formal\nin English, it is very common in Japanese. It's often loosely translated to\n\"There is...\" The key difference is that あります is used for inanimate objects\nand います is used for animate objects (such as people or animals). Their meaning\nis otherwise the same but it's considered rude to use あります for people like\ncalling them \"that\" or \"it\".\n\nBoth are commonly used with locations:\n\n> あなたの学校に何がありますか。\n>\n> What [thing(s) are] is there at your school?\n>\n> この教室にだれがいますか。\n>\n> Who is there in this classroom?\n\nNote that this is just one usage of these verbs. They're also important for\nongoing states and habitual actions.\n\n> 私は日本語を勉強しています\n>\n> I am studying Japanese language\n>\n> ドアが開けてあります。\n>\n> The door is open",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T02:46:57.797",
"id": "65224",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T02:46:57.797",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "65219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
65219
| null |
65222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65227",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 負っけないぞ～！ ふぬぬぬぬ……\n\nIs it the same as \"ぬぬぬ…\" onomatopoeia which uses when you're in a tight spot?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-31T16:40:09.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65220",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T09:11:52.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ふぬぬぬぬ mean?",
"view_count": 1781
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 負っけないぞ～！ ふぬぬぬぬ……\n\nIt's a variant of \"ぬぬぬ…\". These similar onomatopoeiae (or\nvoices)「ぬぬぬ...」「ふぬぬ...」「うぬぬ...」「ぐぬぬ...」 etc. can be used for describing the\nstate of being angry (怒っているとき), doing something very hard (がんばっているとき),\nstraining yourself ([力]{りき}んでいるとき), standing hard (ふんばっているとき), or suffering /\nfeeling pain (苦しんでいるとき), as well as being in a tight spot (困っているとき).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T09:01:50.707",
"id": "65227",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65220
|
65227
|
65227
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65230",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "料 can mean 'ingredient', which is clearly relevant to cooking. But 理 seems\nabstract -- 'the logic/theory of ingredients', almost like the name of a\nscience (ingredientology'?).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T07:20:09.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65226",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-23T04:04:05.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of 料理?",
"view_count": 924
}
|
[
{
"body": "in chinese 理 means logic (like in reason, physics, etc) and also means\n'sequence'. A recipe is composed of ingredients and a sequence I guess. What\ndo you think ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T09:49:32.473",
"id": "65229",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T09:49:32.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "Well,「料理」in the sense of _cuisine_ didn't come from Chinese.「料理」in Chinese\noriginally meant _management_ , while the classical Chinese word for _dish_\n(i.e. a type of food) is「肴饌」.\n\nIn Modern Chinese we normally just say「菜」or「餐」;「日本菜」means _Japanese cuisine_ ,\nand「西餐」means _Western cuisine_.「料理」is not common in Chinese, and is usually\nused to refer to Japanese and Korean cuisine, probably as a direct\ntranscription of the Japanese word「日本料理」and Korean word「[韓國料理]{한국요리}」.\n\nThis means that「料理」in the sense of _cuisine_ probably came from Japan (or\nKorea).\n\n* * *\n\n[_Dai Kan-Wa Jiten_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Kan-Wa_Jiten)'s entry\nfor「料理」provides a quote from an essay by the [_Edo_\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period)\n[Confucian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism) scholar _Majima\nShounan_ (摩島松南).\n\n> # 『[娛語](http://www.sal.tohoku.ac.jp/jurin/pdf/01_07_155D.pdf)卷之四、八〇』\n>\n>\n> 吾邦市井間。酒店食樓。必以料理字爲標。猶言調烹也。料理字雖出諸書。其義大異。不知其所由。偶讀游仙窟。有料理中堂。將少府安置之語。按中古以來。{{kr:漢}}土小說書未來。人人以此書爲新奇。學士大夫亦往往誦之。當時錯會料理中堂之字。爲調烹之義。俗間相傳到今耳。\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> **My translation:**\n>\n> The [restaurants]{酒店食樓} [in]{間} the [marketplaces]{市井} of [my]{吾}\n> [country]{邦} are [labelled]{爲標} [with]{以} the [characters]{字}「料理」[on street\n> signs]. This [word] is what's [known]{言} [as]{猶} [\"cooking or cuisine\"]{調烹}.\n> [Even though]{雖} the [word]{字}「料理」[appears]{出} in [many]{諸} [books]{書},\n> [its]{其} [meaning]{義} is [greatly]{大} [different]{異} [from \"cooking\"], and\n> [I] [don't know]{不知} its [origin]{所由}. [I] [occasionally]{偶} [read]{讀} [the\n> book][『游仙窟』](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E4%BB%99%E7%AA%9F) (\n> _famous[Tang Dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty) novel_),\n> which [has]{有} [the words]「料理 [central hall/courtyard]{中堂}」. [Here, this\n> word] is [used]{將} as a [term]{語} for \"a [resting/settling/sleeping]{安置}\n> [place] of an [official]{少府}\"; [Looking at]{按} [medieval]{中古} times, this\n> meaning ( _referring to \"cooking\"_) [didn't come]{未來} from [Chinese]{漢土}\n> [literature]{小說}. [Everyone]{人人} [treats]{爲} [this]{此} [book]{書} (\n> _referring to_ 『游仙窟』) [as]{以} [refreshing/exciting/new]{新奇}, [and]{亦} the\n> [scholars and literati]{學士大夫} [often]{往往} [quoted]{誦} [it]{之}. At [this]{當}\n> [time]{時}, the [words]{字}「料理中堂」were [mistaken]{錯會} [for]{爲} the [meaning]{義}\n> [\"cooking or cuisine\"]{調烹}, and through the [common folk/public]{俗間}, this\n> [meaning] has been [passed down]{傳} [to]{到} [today]{今}.\n\nIf this explanation is to be believed, then「料理」is derived from\n\n 1. Chinese for _managing/taking care of > resting_;\n 2. A place where sense (1) is done (料理中堂);\n 3. Japanese folk reinterpreting _a resting place_ as _an eating place > cooking, cuisine_.\n\n* * *",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T11:31:40.893",
"id": "65230",
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"parent_id": "65226",
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"score": 15
}
] |
65226
|
65230
|
65230
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65233",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a story on Hukumusume.\n\nIn [this story](http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/01/01.htm), there is the\nfollowing section:\n\n```\n\n すると神さまは、\n 「遅かったね。残念だけど、昨日決まったよ」\n と、言うではありませんか。\n くやしいのなんの。\n \n```\n\nI am guessing `言うではありませんか` means something like \"There was no word\", meaning\nthe subject was speechless. Is this correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T13:14:45.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65231",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T17:05:54.097",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T17:05:54.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"literature",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 言うではありませんか",
"view_count": 891
}
|
[
{
"body": "「～ではありませんか。」 in narrative is a kind of rhetorical device for a dramatic\neffect. It's often used in children's stories, folk tales etc. (昔話, 童話 etc.)\nto present an unexpected event or express a character's surprise.\n\nYour example could be written this way, in a regular, normal narrative...\n\n> すると神さまは、 \n> 「遅かったね。残念だけど、昨日決まったよ」 \n> と、 **言いました。**\n\n... but writing this as 「...と、言うではありませんか。」 makes this event look more\nsurprising and unexpected. It's often preceded by phrases like\n「[なんと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/48357/9831)、～～」 \"Surprisingly,\n~~\", 「[すると、どうでしょう。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32314/9831)」 \"Lo and\nbehold!\" etc.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 「川上から大きな桃が、どんぶらこ、どんぶらこと流れて来る **ではありませんか** 。」(桃太郎)\n> * 「おじいさんは不思議に思い、その竹を切ってみたところ、 **なんと** 中には小さな小さな女の子が入っている **ではありませんか**\n> 。」(かぐや姫)\n> * 「 **すると、どうでしょう** 。あなのなかから、ふしぎなうたがきこえてくる **ではありませんか** 。」(おむすびころりん)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T14:33:40.567",
"id": "65233",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T05:39:04.313",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-03T05:39:04.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65231",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
65231
|
65233
|
65233
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I was reading a story on Hukumusume.\n\nIn [this story](http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/01/01.htm), there is the\nfollowing sentence:\n\n```\n\n 怒ったネコは、それからずっと、ネズミを見ると追いかける様になりました。\n \n```\n\n[Denshi\nJisho](http://classic.jisho.org/words?jap=%E6%A7%98%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%09&eng=&dict=edict)\nsays that `様になる` means \"to look good\". Here clearly it seems to mean \"it came\nto this...\". Am I right?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T13:36:40.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65232",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T13:44:24.790",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T13:44:24.790",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 様になる",
"view_count": 48
}
|
[] |
65232
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65235",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 'できなく' converted from 'できない'? I've learned adj. '..い' can convert to '..く'\nin this case. Does verb's 'ない' form also have such transformation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T14:46:53.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65234",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T15:21:50.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T15:21:50.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Grammar explanation for '...ことができなくなります'",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Does verb's 'ない' form also have such transformation?\n\nYes. ない behaves just like an i-adjective. And the continuative form is なく just\nas you'd expect.\n\nAs you may already know, to say 'becomes _adjective_ ' you replace the い of an\ni-adjective with く and the な of a na-adjective with に, then add なる.\n\nSo できる (can do) -> できない (unable to do) -> できなくなる (become unable to do).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T15:00:15.543",
"id": "65235",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T15:00:15.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65234",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65234
|
65235
|
65235
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a word for \"hybrid\" in Japanese? Hybrid as in for animals or any and\nall Japanese words for cross species animals or two animals joined together.\nPreferable if all words for such is given because i need the shortest possible\nword(one or two syllable word) for hybrid animals or cross species animals.\nBut if all possible words are given it would help the most.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T15:38:52.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65236",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T17:27:42.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "How to say \"Hybrid\" in Japanese. Or is there a word for it?",
"view_count": 289
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the word you are looking for is 交雑種{こうざつしゅ} or 異種交配種{いしゅこうはいしゅ}.\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%9B%91>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T16:34:58.027",
"id": "65238",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T17:27:42.240",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T17:27:42.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65236",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65236
| null |
65238
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65239",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the same translation for **検察官** and **検事** : \"public prosecutor\". But\nI guess there is a reason for the two words to exist. Is one of them more\nformal ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T16:27:05.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65237",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T17:49:36.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 検事 and 検察官?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "検察官 is \"public prosecutor\". 検事 is the name of a position of a public\nprosecutor. Their job descriptions are 「検事総長」,「次長検事」,「検事長」,「検事」,「副検事」sort by\nhighest in rank to lowest.\n\nSource: <http://www.kensatsu.go.jp/gyoumu/kensatsukan.htm>\n<http://careergarden.jp/kensatsujimukan/kenji-jimukan-chigai/>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T17:02:27.580",
"id": "65239",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T17:49:36.117",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T17:49:36.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65237",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65237
|
65239
|
65239
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Was going through my Genki book and saw an example sentence of te form verb\nbut it ended in past tense. (言う いってた) Why use the te form at all and not just\npast tense\n\n> 「あきらさんは何て **言ってた** ？」 \n> 「チョコレートを食べすぎたって **言ってた** 。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T20:47:01.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65240",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T10:01:50.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T13:50:49.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"past"
],
"title": "When to use te form and past tense",
"view_count": 361
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think which version you use depends here also on the continuity of the\naction.\n\nMaybe compare: \n「...彼は言った。 」 \n「...彼は言っていた。 」\n\nWith: \n\"He (once?) said...\" \n\"He used to say...\" OR \"He was saying...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T13:14:29.480",
"id": "65344",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T13:14:29.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1319",
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"score": 1
}
] |
65240
| null |
65344
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone help explaining the nuance in difference between:\n\n私はまったく分かりません。\n\n私にはまったく分かりません。\n\nWith expressions such as ヨーロッパには行く (versus は) I can see what affect including\nthe に particle within the scope of the sentence has (i.e. I will go to Europe\n(specifically, likely not anywhere else).\n\nI don't see any difference with 私には, however.\n\nCheers,\n\nLuke",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T21:09:18.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65241",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T22:52:59.847",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T22:52:59.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "私には versus 私は - difference in nuance?",
"view_count": 1500
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel like in the case of\n\n> 私{わたし} **に** は分{わ}かりません\n\n... the に is there to emphasize that you are referring to an ability or\ncondition **_within_** yourself (perhaps like you were categorically negating\nthe idea that you could possibly know). 私は分かりません seems more matter-of-fact,\nsimply contrasting your knowledge to everyone else's.\n\nThis could be similar to the difference between \"I don't know\" and (\"I\nwouldn't know\" or \"I'm not in a position to know\").\n\nSo you might translate a similar example this way,\n\n * 彼{かれ}は分からないと思{おも}う - I don't think he knows\n * 彼には分からないと思う - I don't think he would know _or_ I don't think he's in the position to know",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-01T21:58:57.153",
"id": "65242",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T21:58:57.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65241
| null |
65242
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65247",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching an [Easy Japanese](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qzzweIQoIOU)\nvideo on YouTube.\n\nAt 1:37, the interviewer says:\n\n> 素敵。やっぱり普段生活 **してて** も感じる？あ、優しいって。\n\nWhat does `してて` mean? Or is it a typo? `して` makes sense here, but I don't\nunderstand `してて`. It's there in both the Japanese script and the English\ntransliteration.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T04:47:51.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65243",
"last_activity_date": "2022-12-08T15:31:36.740",
"last_edit_date": "2022-12-08T15:31:36.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does してて mean?",
"view_count": 4710
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you can see in [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30996/9831), い\nin 「てform + subsidiary verb いる」 can get dropped in casual speech, eg 見ている→見てる,\nしている→してる, so..\n\n> 生活 **してて** も感じる\n\nis a colloquial pronunciation of..\n\n> 生活 **していて** も感じる\n\n生活していて is the te-form of 生活している, \"be living\", \"be leading a life\". It's like\nthe progressive/continuous form, as opposed to the present/plain form\n(=「生活する」\"live\", \"live a life\").\n\nIn your example, 「～て(い)て」 is used to mean \"while (you're) doing~~\":\n\n> 普段生活していても感じる？ \n> _lit._ \"You're living a daily life, and you feel it, too?\" \n> → \"Do you (still/also) feel it while you're living a daily life? / in your\n> daily life?\"\n\nThe 普段 is functioning as an adverb here, \"normally\" \"usually\" or \"daily\"\n(since we don't have a compound noun 「普段生活」). The も adds a nuance of \"too\",\n\"also\", \"still\", or \"even\".\n\nSome examples using 「～～て(い)て～～」 \"~~ while/when doing~~\":\n\n> 歩い **て(い)て** ころんだ。 I fell while walking. \n> 料理し **て(い)て** 指を切った。 I cut my finger while cooking. \n> 目をつぶっ **て(い)ても** できる。 I can do it even with my eyes closed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T08:45:37.227",
"id": "65247",
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] |
65243
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65247
|
65247
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{
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"body": "As I have known, 格助詞 is not 体言.That is what I cannot understand.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T08:35:49.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65246",
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"owner_user_id": "32804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is a verb before a 格助詞 called 連体形?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[] |
65246
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I saw the following statement in a grammar book:\n\n> 接続助詞 'ので' can only be placed after 用言 and 助動詞 in form of 連体形.\n\nBut in another text book it says that ので can also be placed after a noun, and\nthen the noun is concatenated with な, e.g. 時間なので.\n\nIs 'noun + な + ので' a special case? Is role of 'ので' here different from being\nplaced after a verb/adj?\n\nI searched similar questions:\n\n 1. adj. + な [(noun) + な versus (verb) + な](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47998/noun-%e3%81%aa-versus-verb-%e3%81%aa)\n 2. noun + な (but didn't cover whether in scope of 接続助詞) [What does \"nanode\" mean? What are its grammatical rules?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19591/what-does-nanode-mean-what-are-its-grammatical-rules)",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-02T15:32:16.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65251",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"copula"
],
"title": "Explanation for 'noun + な + ので', is 'ので' still a 接続助詞 here?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[] |
65251
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65253",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do they interact with each other? I know that depending on the part of\nspeech these words may have/have no particle after them, but what about na-\nadjectives? Do these pronouns have any particle in this case?\n\n 1. こんな + 猫(noun) ＝ こんな猫\n 2. こんな + 高い(adjective) / 急ぐ(verb) ＝ こんな **に** 高い / 急ぐ\n 3. こんな + りっぱ(な) = こんな **?** りっぱ(な)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T16:07:25.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65252",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-02T21:19:41.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"na-adjectives",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "こんな、そんな、あんな、どんな + na-adjectives",
"view_count": 386
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both こんな and こんなに could be used, but the meanings would be different:\n\n> こんな立派な猫... \n> A splendid cat like this ... (of all splendid cats, I'm talking about this\n> one)\n\nこんな is modifying the noun.\n\n> こんなに立派な猫... \n> Such a splendid cat... (a cat that has this amount of splendidness)\n\nこんなに is modifying the adjective.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T16:28:55.990",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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65252
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65253
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65253
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{
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"body": "In the sentence その事は又後に相談しましょう。 \nI was wondering whether it is 【あとに】or【のちに】, that is to say... \nその こと は また **のちに** そうだん しましょう。 or perhaps \nその こと は また **あとに** そうだん しましょう。 \n_We will talk about it another time._ \nHappily, I found an answer here, \n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/posts/9500/revisions> \n\"「後{のち}に」sounds literary, so we rather use 「てから」/「後{あと}で」in daily\nconversation.\" \nCan I assume that answer applies to the sentence above, too, or am I\noverlooking some issue?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T16:52:22.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65254",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "後に【あとに】or【のちに】?",
"view_count": 541
}
|
[] |
65254
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I got bumped in the term それとなく in these two sentences\n\n```\n\n 1. だから今はそれとなく散々淡々と暮らしていて\n 2. 思い出して魚の眼 Oh Oh! それとなくキルミーして！Oh Oh!\n \n```\n\nJisho said `indirectly; obliquely`, but feels like it is not fit well to the\ntranslation. There is any nuance or other meaning to this?\n\ndisclaimer, these two lines are from the song `ガランド`. So probably they are not\n100% understandable or grammatical correct. But any example that will help me\nunderstand this term better will be great :-)\n\nThanks, Or",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-02T21:27:15.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65255",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "is there a hidden meaning to それとなく?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[] |
65255
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In \"The structure of the Japanese language\", Susumo Kuno uses the example (p.\n130)\n\n> John wa sensei ni kono hon o {moratta / itadaita}.\n\nBoth have a problem:\n\n * _itadaku_ should be used only in the first person,\n * _morau_ \"would result in sentences expressing a lack of proper respect for the teacher\".\n\n_itadaku_ is \"used often because there is no better way of expressing the\nintended meaning\"\n\nIs there really no third option?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T04:25:13.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65257",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T10:04:22.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Grammar vs. politeness: a tale of two evils",
"view_count": 291
}
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[
{
"body": "いただく is also used in the second and third person when the subject wants to\nrespect the indirect object by humbling the subject. For example,\nあなたは(彼は)、先生から本をいただいた.\n\nもらう is plain, もらいます is polite, いただく is the humble form of もらう. If you use\nいただく, you can show your respect to someone by humbling yourself.\n\nThis would help you. <http://web.ydu.edu.tw/~uchiyama/1h93fy/jyujyu.html>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T07:08:57.203",
"id": "65258",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T10:57:38.330",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T10:57:38.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65257",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65257
| null |
65258
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand what the difference is between this sentence:\n\n> おいしそうなカップ麺を選んできます。\n\nand this sentence:\n\n> おいしそうなカップ麺を選ぶ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T08:25:02.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65259",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-05T17:04:35.917",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-03T09:19:12.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"tense",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What does てくる mean when used with 選ぶ?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "Rough translation:\n\n> おいしそうなカップ麺を選んできます。 \n> I'm going to go choose a delicious-looking instant ramen cup.\n>\n> おいしそうなカップ麺を選ぶ。 \n> I choose a delicious-looking instant ramen cup.\n\nCompare with いってきます.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T16:05:01.797",
"id": "65261",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-03T16:07:35.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32581",
"parent_id": "65259",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65259
| null |
65261
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65291",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**旅{たび}する** and **旅行{りょこう}する** both mean \"to travel\". What is the difference\nbetween these verbs ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T10:06:32.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65260",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T18:25:05.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 旅する and 旅行する?",
"view_count": 2118
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you point out, the basic meaning of \"to travel\" is contained in both words,\nbut the context in which they would be used is very different.\n\n> **旅する** - to go on a journey, to sojourn\n\nインドを長く **旅している** と、段々心が広くなった。\n\n * As we **journeyed** through India, our hearts gradually opened up. \n\n_(probably something you would read in a novel or story)_\n\n> **旅行する** - to take a vacation\n\n来年家族とインドに **旅行する** ことを考えている。\n\n * I'm thinking of **taking a vacation** to India with my family next year.\n\n_(probably something you would overhear somebody say in real life)_",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:01:05.460",
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65291
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65263",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got confused by these forms. The book says that -くて(pos) and -なくて(neg) have\nto be connected with stem of an adjective, e.g. 安い: 安 ＋ くて ＝ 安くて.\n\nThe positive form is pretty easy to understand and master, but the negative\none is a trouble for me. Basically, I got confused by an adjective 「汚い」. Its\npositive form would be 「汚くて」. But would the negative be 「汚なくて」? The reasons I\ngot confused are that IME did not recognize the negative form, and those\nmultiple 「な」 sound a bit odd to me.\n\nEven google barely helped me with any of the i-adjectives in -なくて form except\nfor 「おいしい」that was found accidentally\n[here](http://lang-8.com/723613/journals/338597765945707555656677684121341724768).\n\nSo, I wonder if I can add -なくて to ANY of the i-adjectives and be good with it.\n\nAnd the last question. Is it actually -なくて form, or is it -くなくて?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T16:23:08.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65262",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T16:41:05.220",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-03T16:41:05.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "-くて, -なくて forms of adjectives",
"view_count": 412
}
|
[
{
"body": "The negation, -くない, is itself an い-adjective. So you simply apply the rule to\nit. Welcome to piling up suffixes!\n\nて-form of 安い: 安くて.\n\nNegation of 安い: 安くない. て-form thereof: 安くなくて.\n\nVoilà.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T16:30:04.307",
"id": "65263",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T16:30:04.307",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65262",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65262
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65263
|
65263
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65267",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to understand the construction もうろうとしてる in this line from Mob\nPsycho 100 Episode 12:\n\n> **もうろうとしてる** ようだけど。\n\nIt's translated as \"he looks like he's about to pass out\"。\n\nI found a usage of もうろうとする on\n[eow.alc.co.jp](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e3%82%82%e3%81%86%e3%82%8d%e3%81%86%e3%81%a8%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b)\nwhich matches the meaning \"to zone out\", but I'd like to understand how to\ndeconstruct this form, if that's possible. (for example, my dictionary doesn't\nknow the above construction, so I imagine it's a compound of some kind).\n\nI thought this might be とする, meaning \"to be about to ...\", as that matches the\ntranslation, but according to\n[jisho](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B), that form must\nfollow the volitional form of a verb, whereas here, it follows a と-adverb (or\nたる-adjective, depending how you look at it).\n\nI've also found\n[必要とする](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&ref=sa)\nin the wild which seems like a similar construct, but here 必要 is just a\nregular noun (and that word actually appears in the dictionary too).\n\nDoes anyone know if there is some rule that could explain this construct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T17:36:49.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65265",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the exact meaning of とする in this sentence?",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "From my Japanese grammar book, \"Oxford Japanese Grammar & Verbs\": \"Japanese\nhas many words which imitate sounds, or describe the way something is done, or\ndescribe psychological states or feelings by their sound.\" Many of these words\ncan be used as adverbs when used with the \"to\" particle. So もうろう belongs to a\nspecial class of onomatopoetic words.\n\nThis is confirmed by jisho.org's definiton of \"もうろう\" which describes it as an\n\"adverb taking the 'to' particle\"。\n\nFor example,\n\n犬がワンワンと鳴いていた。 inu ga wanwan to naite-ita. The dog was barking.\n\nSo the sentence \"もうろうとしてるようだけど。\" suggests that the speaker wants him to do\nsomething but from the way he's been behaving (shite-iru-you-[ni]) suggests\nthat he is going to pass out (mourou) instead (dakedo).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T18:13:47.357",
"id": "65266",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T18:13:47.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32816",
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},
{
"body": "Did you see definition #8 in the Jisho link you posted to とする? I think that\nshould clear things up for you:\n\n> to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to\n> look; to feel like\n\nもうろう is clearly a psychological experience meaning hazy/\"out of it\", so\nもうろうとする can be translated as \"to feel/act hazy\".\n\nThe \"about to pass out\" part they provided is a freedom of translation. The\nactual Japanese sentence doesn't explicitly say anything about passing out.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T18:13:56.070",
"id": "65267",
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65265
|
65267
|
65267
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "近年の中国経済の牽引役は固定資本投資であるが、箱物に大きく 依存した成長には歪みが生じ易い。\n\nThe first half makes sense but I am really struggling with the second part,\nparticularly the meaning of ’箱物’。In general it seems that in this case ’箱物’ is\ntoo do with buildings- specifically buildings built using public funds that\nmay be seen in a negative light ie. as a waste of money.\n\nHowever, I am having problems marrying this up with the start of the set which\nI believe means something like ' In recent years, the driving force of the\nChinese economy has been fixed capital investment'. So the end of the sentence\nI think has something to do with growth being hindered by money wasted on\npublic buildings but am not sure if this fits.\n\nThanks for your help．",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T21:22:21.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65269",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-06T18:30:12.347",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T00:39:02.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "32819",
"owner_user_id": "32819",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can anyone help me understand ’箱物’ in this sentence？",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 箱物 (literally \"boxy thing\", also written as ハコモノ) refers to non-essential\npublic facilities like stadiums, convention halls, museums and \"XYZ Center\".\nThis word has a negative implication of \"built not because they are truly\nnecessary but because they can create jobs and consume lot of money\". See\n[箱物行政](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%B1%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF) on\nWikipedia.\n\nBut you seem to have figured out this meaning, so I'm not sure why you found\nthis sentence difficult... Maybe you've gotten the 歪みが生じやすい part wrong?\nAnyway, the last half means:\n\n> Economic growth heavily relying on 箱物 can easily result in (economical)\n> distortion/strain/instability.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T06:34:22.743",
"id": "65279",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-06T18:30:12.347",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-06T18:30:12.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65269
| null |
65279
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65276",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the Genki textbook, it is said that \"In the casual conversational use of\nshort forms, question sentences do not end with the question particle か, but\nwith rising intonation alone.\"\n\nNonetheless, in the manga I'm reading, it's written 「そろそろいくか」 (meaning \"I\nshould get going\" right?).\n\nMy thoughts here is that Genki didn't explain the whole context, as I've also\nheard this same expression in animes. Could someone clear it up?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T21:46:06.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65270",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T06:15:58.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "か after short forms",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "The statement is an oversimplification. The ending か tends to be dropped most\nof the time, because it makes it sound crude ... not necessarily rude, maybe\npossibly. And since fiction has a larger tolerance for more expressive speech,\nyou'll encounter it more often.\n\nAlso when talking to oneself politeness isn't really required, so that's more\npermissive.\n\nEnding か also has a special usage in that it can mean a strong rejection (するか!\n~ As if/no way I'm gonna do it!)\n\nAnd embedded questions contain a か following a plain form, since politeness is\nexpressed by the main verb ... stating just for completeness",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T03:23:07.280",
"id": "65276",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T06:15:58.313",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T06:15:58.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "9719",
"owner_user_id": "9719",
"parent_id": "65270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65270
|
65276
|
65276
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65330",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "They are both intransitive:\n\n> シャツがズボンから **はみ出しています** よ。 Your shirt is coming out of your pants.\n>\n> 足が 線から **はみ出ています** 。 Your foot is over the line.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T22:55:28.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65271",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T02:41:38.877",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T08:35:13.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "32056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "What is the difference between はみ出す and はみ出る?",
"view_count": 282
}
|
[
{
"body": "The 大辞林 dictionary says they are the same:\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%BF%E5%87%BA%E3%82%8B>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T01:34:57.907",
"id": "65328",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T01:34:57.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Those two verbs are almost the same. I checked the first 100 examples of \"はみ出\"\non BCCWJ, and はみ出す and はみ出る were interchangeable **except** :\n\n * はみ出る is less commonly used in the form of bare masu-stem, はみ出 (either as a noun or a replacement of te-form to continue a sentence). Although one-character masu-stems (見【み】, 来【き】, 寝【ね】) are less common before a comma in general.\n\n> ここのはみ出し【だし】部分が気になる。: OK \n> ここのはみ出【で】部分が気になる。: Less common\n>\n> シャツがはみ出し【だし】、だらしない恰好になっている。: OK \n> シャツがはみ出【で】、だらしない恰好になっている。: Less common\n\n * はみ出し also has a meaning of \"misfit\", \"outlaw\", etc (はみ出し者, はみ出し野郎, ...). In this sense, はみ出者 is not wrong but less common for some reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T02:33:56.083",
"id": "65330",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T02:41:38.877",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65271
|
65330
|
65330
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65278",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga, there was this conversation,\n\n> 「ギャハハー今度はまたすげードジしたな」\n\nand I would like to know what the last part means, specifically ドジしたな.\n\nSummarising, this is what I would like to have answered:\n\n 1. I think ドジ means something like clumsy. Then, is ドジした something like \"did in a clumsy manner\"?\n\n 2. Why is ドジ written in かたかな?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-03T23:08:08.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65272",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T06:22:12.077",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T06:06:52.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "What does ドジしたな mean?",
"view_count": 386
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. ドジ(を)する is basically closer to \"to make a mistake\" rather than \"to do something in a clumsy way\". It tends to refer to funny and/or affordable mistakes typically made by a [dojikko character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dojikko). There is another godan verb [ドジる](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%89%E3%82%B8%E3%82%8B), which may be a little more common (ドジった, ドジってばっかり, ...) and has almost the same meaning. (You cannot directly modify ドジる with すごい, though)\n\n 2. I think [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15102/5010) answers your question, although there is not even a known kanji version in this case. Few people know or care about the etymology of ドジ.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T06:15:22.870",
"id": "65278",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T06:22:12.077",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T06:22:12.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65272
|
65278
|
65278
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65275",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While doing some [reading of old\nquestions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5550/ancient-practise-\nof-sneaking-into-womens-bedrooms/5555#5555), I stumbled upon the term\n村八分【むらはちぶ】, which is apparently means ostracism. I'm curious what the 8 parts\n(八分) are and how this relates to ostracism.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T02:37:07.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65274",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-07T16:12:59.813",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-07T16:12:59.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"definitions",
"history",
"culture"
],
"title": "Why is ostracism called 村八分【むらはちぶ】?",
"view_count": 1460
}
|
[
{
"body": "During the Edo period, villages traditionally had 10 communal activities:\n\n> 1. 冠 - 成人式 - coming of age ceremony\n> 2. 婚 - marriage\n> 3. 建築 - helping with building/repairing\n> 4. 病気 - helping when sick\n> 5. 水害 - helping during flooding/water damage\n> 6. 旅行 - travel\n> 7. 出産 - giving birth\n> 8. 年忌 - death anniversaries\n> 9. 葬式 - funeral service\n> 10. 火事 - fire fighting\n>\n\nHowever, when you are subjected to 村八分, the other villagers would only help\nyou with 葬式 and 火事. You would not receive help with the other 8 activities.\nAdditionally, you might be also not allowed access to communal grounds for\nforaging etc. The reason that funerals and firefighting are things you could\nreceive help in is supposedly because of health reasons/forgiveness after\ndeath for the former and because fire could easily affect other villagers.\nBefore the Edo period though, apparently [you might not receive help in the\ncase of funerals either](https://www.sougiya.biz/kiji_detail.php?cid=410) (not\nsure about fires).\n\nAlthough 村八分 has become rare, [it still\nhappens](http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/15581630/), though\nundoubtedly in a different form than in the past. The reasons for being\nsubjected to 村八分 are various and most stem from not following communal norms;\none notable incident happened in [1952 in Shizuoka-\nken](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%B2%A1%E7%9C%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%87%8E%E6%9D%91%E6%9D%91%E5%85%AB%E5%88%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6)\nwhen a girl spoke out against local electoral practices.\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E5%85%AB%E5%88%86)\n * [語源由来辞典](http://gogen-allguide.com/mu/murahachibu.html)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T02:37:07.377",
"id": "65275",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T17:47:14.087",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T17:47:14.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] |
65274
|
65275
|
65275
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65285",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So, I understand what the idiom actually means, roughly -- \"the final word,\"\n\"the word from on high.\" But where does it come from? Is there a story or a\nhistory that gives it context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T05:12:36.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65277",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T01:04:31.267",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T01:04:31.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "13954",
"owner_user_id": "13954",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"idioms"
],
"title": "鶴の一声 -- Origin and context?",
"view_count": 251
}
|
[
{
"body": "This expression appears to be the second part of the proverb:\n\n雀{すずめ}の千声{せんこえ} 鶴{つる}の一声{ひとこえ}\n\nSee\n[Weblio辞書](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%9B%80%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%83%E5%A3%B0%E9%B6%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%A3%B0)\nor\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9B%80%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%83%E5%A3%B0%E9%B6%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%A3%B0-541858).\n\n`三省堂 大辞林` or `スーパー大辞林`:\n\n> つまらない者の千言より，すぐれた人の一言がまさっていることのたとえ。\n\n`デジタル大辞泉`:\n\n> つまらない者の千言よりは、すぐれた者の一言のほうがまさっているということ。\n\nIn English:\n\n`ウィズダム和英辞典`:\n\n鶴{つる}の一声{ひとこえ}\n\n> The king's word is more than another man's oath.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T13:27:39.103",
"id": "65284",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T13:27:39.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65277",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It is part of a longer saying\n[雀の千声鶴の一声](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9B%80%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%83%E5%A3%B0%E9%B6%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%A3%B0-541858),\nwhich means that rather having than the 1000 voices of commoners (represented\nby 雀) having a single voice from on high (represented by 鶴) is preferable.\n\nThe reason for using 鶴 is apparently because they have a long neck and their\ncry is extremely high pitched cry, which overpowers the sounds in the\nsurroundings.\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * [語源由来辞典](http://kotowaza-allguide.com/tu/tsurunohitokoe.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T13:34:36.863",
"id": "65285",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T13:34:36.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65277",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Cranes, like geese and so on will all take flight at once if just one of them\nsound the alarm. So, 鶴の一声 references this quick obedience of the many to the\nvoice of just the one.\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%B6%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%A3%B0>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:57:45.220",
"id": "65298",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T22:05:12.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T22:05:12.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65277",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
65277
|
65285
|
65285
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65300",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "日本人には________かもしれないが、私たち外国人にとっては、_________はとても大変なことです。\n\nSo I answered the first blank with 漢字が簡単に書ける and the second one with 漢字を書くの.\n\nMy Japanese teacher, who is a native, told me that it should be 漢字が簡単 because\nthis には functions as にとっては.\n\nShe then proceeded to say that the subject of potential verbs would normally\nbe は (if I heard it correctly).\n\nBut I have seen countless sentences like 私にはできる and 私には分かる, which both mean\nthe same as 私はできる and 私は分かる respectively (I think). So why is 書ける a big no no\nin this context? I feel like the second part of the sentence is saying\n私たちにはそんなにできない.\n\nI don't think my Japanese is good enough to ask her questions and understand\nher reply yet.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T11:14:09.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65281",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T03:15:01.350",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T19:56:15.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Why can には here ONLY mean にとっては?",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "> * 日本人には漢字 **は** 簡単に書けるかもしれないが、私たち外国人にとっては、漢字を書くのはとても大変なことです。\n> * 日本人には漢字 **は** 簡単かもしれないが、私たち外国人にとっては、漢字を書くのはとても大変なことです。\n>\n\nFirst, the particle after the first 漢字 should usually be は (although が is not\nentirely incorrect), because だが/が/けど/etc does not introduce a _subordinate_\nclause, and は after 日本人に is a contrast marker. The topic is 漢字(を書くの)\nthroughout this sentence.\n\nIn my opinion, both sentences make perfect sense, but the latter looks a\nlittle more concise and natural. This is because there is a clear contrast\nbetween 日本人に **は** and 外国人にとって **は** , and thus it's natural to assume these に\nand にとって are serving the same function. This way, we have a clean and\nstraightforward contrast, \" _To Japanese people_ , kanji may be easy, but _to\nus foreigners_ , writing kanji is very difficult.\"\n\nに and にとって are completely interchangeable in this sentence:\n\n> * 日本人に(とって)は漢字は簡単かもしれないが、私たち外国人に(とって)は、漢字を書くのはとても大変なことです。\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T02:44:19.953",
"id": "65300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T03:15:01.350",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T03:15:01.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65281",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65281
|
65300
|
65300
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65288",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that 'no naka' means 'in' or 'inside', but how does the meaning\nchange when 'ni' is placed after it? For example:\n\nHako no naka - inside the box.\n\nHako no naka _ni_ - ???",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T11:57:44.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65282",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T18:04:37.490",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T18:04:37.490",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"relational-nouns"
],
"title": "The difference between 'no naka' and 'no naka ni'",
"view_count": 7147
}
|
[
{
"body": "箱{はこ}の中{なか} (hako no naka) simply means \"the box's inside\". It says nothing\nabout the relationship between the inside of the box and another entity, e.g.\n\n> 箱の中は広{ひろ}い。 (hako no naka wa hiroi.) \n> The inside of the box is spacious.\n\n箱の中に (hako no naka ni) means \" **in** the box's inside\". It describes how\nanother entity relates to the inside of the box, e.g.\n\n> 箱の中 **に** は大{おお}きな象{ぞう}がいる。(hako no naka ni wa ookina zou ga iru) \n> There's a large elephant inside the box.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T19:52:27.333",
"id": "65288",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-04T19:52:27.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65282",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65282
|
65288
|
65288
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65307",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm struggling with how to say \"robust software\" in Japanese.\n\nFrom Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness_(computer_science)>:\n\n> In computer science, robustness is the ability of a computer system to cope\n> with errors during execution[1][2] and cope with erroneous input.\n\nThere is no Japanese version of this page. I have searched weblio and Google\nand found examples of 堅牢なソフトエア and ロバストなソフトエア being used, albeit not very\nmany. There is also this document from The University of Tokyo on robust\nsoftware. <http://www.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp/coe/report/H14/21COE-\nISTSC-H14_5_5_1_2.pdf>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T12:39:29.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65283",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T17:14:08.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "\"Robust Software\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think ロバストなソフトウェア would be understandable by many technical people.\n\nIf you needed to explain what exactly you meant by「ロバスト」, you might say\nsomething like,\n\n> 「エラーが起{お}こっても処理{しょり}は止{と}まらない」\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88>\n\n_(second definition)_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:17:55.930",
"id": "65292",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T17:14:08.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T17:14:08.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "If you're looking for commonly used technical terms among Japanese software\nengineers go to Qiita.\n\nLet me quote two version of _robustness_ :\n\n> 変化{へんか}に対{たい}して、十分{じゅうぶん}強い仕組{しく}みがロバストです。\n\nSlightly more complicated:\n\n> 起{お}こりうる変化を十分に予測{よそく}し、対策{たいさく}を打{う}ってあることが前提{ぜんてい}になることです。\n\nFrom this article about\n[antifragile](https://qiita.com/kawasima/items/5d8a8a9b84aae6d7de71). Also\nrelated is [Chaos\nEngineering](https://qiita.com/shotat/items/f066d296bb1becb96e3f), where I\nfound the _antifragile_ article.\n\nUsually this term is being used among DevOps or people who manage a group of\ndistributed and resilient services using `Containerized OS` or `Kubernetes`.\nFrom the technical discussion among people in this circle, you'll find what\nrobustness means, and you can translate it in a better way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T13:48:30.907",
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65307
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've seen a few words in a cursory search:\n\n * [在宅勤務]{ざいたくきんむ}\n * テレワーク\n * [在宅]{ざいたく}ワーク\n\nbut I'm interested in the situation where your usual place of work requires\ncommuting, but you are temporarily working from home just for the day, as\nopposed to a situation where you are based primarily at home.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T20:48:58.477",
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"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the word regularly used to describe \"working from home\"?",
"view_count": 3575
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think any of the words you mentioned could be used that way. None of the\nwords you mention specifically imply that a person is always a teleworker.\n\nYou can specify that through context, as in the following dialog:\n\n> 松村{まつむら}さんは？\n\n * あっ、 **今日{きょう}は** テレワークしていると思{おも}います。\n * あっ、 **今日は** 在宅勤務{ざいたくきんむ}だと思います。",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:44:16.537",
"id": "65296",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "「今日はリモートで作業します。」would be a natural way to express the situation you describe.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T12:57:38.000",
"id": "65342",
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{
"body": "I asked a friend how they would ask to work from home due to say bad weather\nand they said:\n\n天候が悪く、出社困難の為、本日は在宅で仕事をさせていただいてもよろしいでしょうか？\n\nSo extrapolating from that if you were describing your own state after getting\napproval to work from home I believe you would say\n\n今日は在宅で仕事をしている。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-08T13:40:43.000",
"id": "65906",
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"score": 1
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65289
| null |
65906
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65294",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A habit that I have is replacing certain words with how I'd say them in\nEnglish. For instance I'd write something like this: 私はイングランド人。\n私はイーストアングリアに住んでいます, but say something like this: 私はEngland人。 私はEast\nAngliaに住んでいます。\n\nIs this a necessarily bad habit I should break from, or does it not matter\nthat much?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:18:22.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65293",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-04T22:07:58.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "32834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"readings"
],
"title": "Can I use English in place of katakana?",
"view_count": 2581
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it matters a lot and that it's best to break from the habit if you\nintend to speak Japanese long-term. I think for place names it's somewhat\nunderstandable because the Kana is obviously there mimicking the native place\nname, sort of like how a French person _(no offense)_ might say they are from\n\" **Paris** \".\n\nHowever, many people will not understand an English-derived Kana word in\nnative pronunciation and there are many Japanese words that could nominally be\nconsidered English that get chopped up and placed in other words, like...\n\n * エアコン (\"air-con\" for air-conditioner) \n * リモコン (\"remo-con\" for remote control) \n\n... or words that just sound too different due to Japanese phonology, like\n\n * ラジオ (radio) \n * ツナ (tuna)\n\n...or even words that we may have an anglicized pronunciation for, but the\nJapanese went a different way, like\n\n * キシリトール (xylitol) \n * ワクチン (vaccine)\n\nIn short, if you pronounce \"English\" Kana words natively many people will\nunderstand you much of the time, but many people will not understand you much\nof the time.\n\nJust imagine that a native speaker of French or Greek spoke English fluently,\nbut decided it was OK to pronounce all of the French or Greek-derived words in\nEnglish as he would in his native area. If you're OK with being that guy then\nI guess it's cool, but if not...",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:37:02.247",
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
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"score": 19
}
] |
65293
|
65294
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65294
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65299",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 真っ昼間 **から** ふくろうが空を飛び交うのを、ダーズリー氏は見ないですんだが、... \n> Mr Dursley didn't see the owls flying around _in_ broad daylight but ...\n\nI don't understand why から is used in this sentence. What is the difference\nfrom writing 真っ昼間 **に**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:43:38.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65295",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T03:19:09.007",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T02:23:59.627",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"particle-に",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Use of から rather than に in 真っ昼間から",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel like if you say 真っ昼間 **から** you are implying that the owls\n**_started_** flying around \" _from_ \" midday. 真っ昼間 **に** wouldn't indicate\nthat they began flying around then, just that they were flying at that time.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-04T21:53:31.253",
"id": "65297",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T03:19:09.007",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T03:19:09.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Many usage examples of 真っ昼間 involve drinking alcohol during the daytime.\nAccording to [this](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/12910/meaning/m0u/)\npage, it is stated that it is typically used to describe an action or\noccurrence that is not normally done during the daytime, often with a\njudgmental (or surprised) tone. This definition is more in accordance with the\nuse of から than に, as in 'from such a time as would normally be considered too\nearly'. This includes drinking, sexual activities, burglary, etc.\n\n> 真っ昼間から暗闇体験ができる！ One can experience darkness in the daytime.\n>\n> ときどき二人で真っ昼間からパチンコ屋へ入っているそうです。They sometimes seem to go into pachinko parlors\n> (even so early as) in the fullness of day.\n\nUsing に, on the other hand, does not have this implicit judgment about the\nhour that it is happening.\n\n> 全裸で真っ昼にパレードに参加 Joining an all-nude parade in the broad daylight.\n>\n> よく真っ昼間にどこかの山にのぼって、... Often climb some mountain in the middle of the day,\n> ...\n\nAs neither parades, walking down the street naked, nor climbing mountains are\nconsidered regular nighttime activities there is no judgment or surprise about\nhow early it is. Simply that it is happening in the 'middle of the day' or 'in\nbroad daylight'.\n\nIn your example sentence, there is not so much a moral judgment, but more of\nan indication that this would be perceived to be an activity that is not\nexpected to occur until the sun goes down. I don't see any problem with the\ntranslation provided, as most people understand implicitly that most owls are\nnocturnal and only fly at night.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T02:09:40.757",
"id": "65299",
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"score": 4
}
] |
65295
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|
65299
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65304",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As i am learning Japanese,there are many words which have same meaning but\nstill different usage,links to understand these differences would be\nappreciated.thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T03:44:38.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65302",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T05:59:58.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 運用 and 操作?",
"view_count": 232
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are translated to \"operation\" but have completely different meanings.\n\n * 運用: \"operation\" as opposed to \"development/test (phase)\". It means actually running your system in production (and monitoring its status, replacing broken parts, etc). 稼働 is similar. \n\n> そのシステムは現在運用中です。 \n> The system is currently in operation.\n\n * 操作: \"operation\" as a stiffer equivalent of \"use\". Mainly used with gadgets such as キーボード (keyboard) and スマホ (smartphone). 使用 is similar. \n\n> システムの操作方法を覚える \n> to learn how to operate the system\n\nTry to find a decent dictionary (preferably a monolingual one)!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T04:32:42.430",
"id": "65304",
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"parent_id": "65302",
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"score": 4
}
] |
65302
|
65304
|
65304
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65325",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can think of many gairaigo noun + する verbs in Japanese, like ゴルフする, but I\ncan think of only a handful of non-する verbs in Japanese, such as ググる\n(mentioned in [Are there words which consist of katakana and hiragana letters\ntogether?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15199/are-there-words-\nwhich-consist-of-katakana-and-hiragana-letters-together)), and they appear to\nbe a bit slangy in nature.\n\nWhy are there very few non-する verbs in Japanese? I can think of a few\nhypotheses, but no way of testing them:\n\n * There are far fewer new verbs in Japanese than there are new nouns, so most Japanese verbs were created before gairaigo was a major influence on Japanese.\n * gairaigo words are somehow unsuitable for inflection, such that while they can be incorporated into the language as する verbs, as nouns don't get inflected, it's impractical to make them an inflected verb\n * gairaigo words are somehow more acceptable as nouns than as verbs\n\nI found a\n[claim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Word_class_system) in\nWikipedia that in Japanese, verbs are a \"closed class\", which do not easily\naccept new members. Elsewhere it claims that not only\n[gairaigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gairaigo#Grammatical_function) but\nalso [kango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary)\ncontribute very few non-する verbs.\n\nSide question: Are there fewer newly created verbs in Japanese than newly\ncreated nouns? Also, are there nouns that are mainly used as する verbs rather\nthan by themselves?\n\nRelated questions:\n\n * [Are there words which consist of katakana and hiragana letters together?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15199/are-there-words-which-consist-of-katakana-and-hiragana-letters-together) (not all gairaigo uses katakana, so it's possible that there may be non-する verbs that wouldn't be addressed in that question)\n * [Are foreign adjectives always な adjectives?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2497/are-foreign-adjectives-always-%E3%81%AA-adjectives) (い versus non-い adjectives is reminiscent of non-する versus する verbs)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T09:23:16.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65305",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T08:22:16.103",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T08:02:16.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"loanwords",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Why are there very few non-する gairaigo verbs in Japanese?",
"view_count": 504
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that the \"noun\" parts of _suru_ verbs \"feel\" very much like verbs\nthemselves — the する is only needed for inflection and may be omitted as for\nexample in 体言止め _taigendome_ used in newspaper headlines.\n\nMost _suru_ verbs are derived from Chinese loanwords. Loaning a verb from a\nnon-Chinese language and adding する for inflection purposes follows exactly the\nsame pattern, so I don't find it surprising at all that it would be the norm\nfor verb loans from all languages.\n\n(I have also observed that native Japanese speakers who are learning a foreign\nlanguage will use this pattern for verbs from other languages, speaking\nessentially Japanese spiced with vocabulary from this foreign language.\nLikewise, children who are native speakers of both Japanese and another\nlanguage might incorporate a foreign verb +する as a loanword in this way.)\n\nI find it more surprising that there exist loaned verbs, which do not follow\nthis pattern.\n\nVerbs like ダブる, ググる, etc. are reanalyzing ル of ダブル, グーグル, etc. whereas サボる,\nミスる, スタンバる, etc. don't even rely on such a reanalysis and are \"true\" non-\n_suru_ verbs which are also _gairaigo_.\n\nBut that these are rare is consistent with the fact that the usual rule seems\nto be \"loaned verbs follow the pattern [verb]+する\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T23:32:18.213",
"id": "65325",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T08:22:16.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
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"score": 4
}
] |
65305
|
65325
|
65325
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both nouns mean 'ban, prohibition' and both verbs 'forbid'. I expect that in\nset combinations, such as 禁煙 for 'no smoking', there is only one correct\npossibility. But, otherwise, what's the difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T09:57:30.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65306",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T17:05:53.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 禁 and 禁止 (and 禁じる/禁止する)",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "**As nouns:**\n\n * 禁 is not commonly used as a noun, it is almost always used as a bound morpheme if you use it like a noun, it would sound antiquated, like you are quoting from an old book\n\n> 「沈黙{ちんもく}は金{きん}どころか、禁{きん}である」\n\n_As a bound morpheme, it is very common 解禁{かいきん}、厳禁{げんきん}、禁煙{きんえん}_\n\n * 禁止 is the common noun for banning or prohibiting, but most commonly it is made into a verb\n\n_(\"ban\" or \"prohibition\" as nouns would probably be translated 禁止令{きんしれい} or\n禁止法{きんしほう})_\n\n**As verbs:**\n\n * 禁じる・禁ずる has an antiquated feel to it, heavy and serious, like \"to forbid\"\n\n * 禁止する is neutral and common, just meaning to \"ban\", \"prohibit\", \"not allow\" etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T17:05:53.357",
"id": "65313",
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65306
| null |
65313
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{
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"body": "I have two dialogues:\n\n> 1. かわい ： 沖縄料理は 食べましたか。 \n> ホセ ： ええ、もちろんです。おいしいし、ヘルシーだし、つまも 私も 気に いりまた。\n>\n\n> 2. かわい ： ホテルは よかったですか。 \n> ホセ ： ええ。へやは ひろくてあかるいし、へやから 海が みえたし、さいこうでした。 かわいさんの おすすめの ホテルに して よかったです。\n>\n\nI don't understand why in the first one they added だ to ヘルシー to make ヘルシーだし\nbut they didn't add it to ひろくてあかるい to make ひろくてあかるいし. Am I missing some rule?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T14:28:57.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65308",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T14:45:57.400",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T14:45:57.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "expressing opinion adding し at the end of adjective",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[] |
65308
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65312",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that generally あなた shouldn't be used when referring to superiors.\nHowever, I find it difficult to rephrase the following sentences which refer\nto a superior using あなた in an indirect manner:\n\n> 彼はあなたが日本語の先生だと言いました。 \n> He said you are a Japanese teacher. \n> \n> あなたが日本語の先生だそうです。 \n> It is said you are a Japanese teacher.\n\nAre there alternative ways to phrase such sentences which are more natural or\nis using あなた here acceptable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T15:07:51.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65309",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T15:15:27.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "25339",
"owner_user_id": "25339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"pronouns",
"second-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Is it acceptable to use あなた when referring to a superior indirectly?",
"view_count": 1420
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's exactly what 敬語(尊敬語・謙譲語) is for... ^^\n\n> 日本語を教えて **いらっしゃる** そうですね。\n>\n> 日本語の先生を **なさっている** そうですね。\n>\n> 日本語の先生で **いらっしゃる** と **うかがいました** or **お聞きしました** 。\n>\n> 日本語の先生をして **いらっしゃる** と、XXさんから **うかがいました** or **お聞きしました** 。\n\n「あなた」などの人称代名詞の代わりに、尊敬語・謙譲語を使って表現しましょう ^^",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T16:36:36.227",
"id": "65312",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65309",
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"score": 14
},
{
"body": "In the cases as you quote, we usually use a title or courtesy title such as\nBûcho, Senpai, Sensei,Goshujin, Okusama, Oniisan(sama), Danna, Master, etc,\ninstead of calling the counterpart “Anata.” It is considered to be more polite\nthan calling the senior person あなた ー You.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T08:52:56.607",
"id": "65375",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T08:52:56.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "65309",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65309
|
65312
|
65312
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65371",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does anyone have insight into what 「元気をなくすとは」means? I am aware that 元気 is\n\"energy\" and なくす is \"to lose\". So \"to lose energy\" makes sense? However I am\nnot altogether sure what とは means in this instance. A Japanese friend asked me\nfor an English equivalent and I wasn't sure if this was colloquial somehow?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T17:50:16.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65314",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T06:29:29.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「元気をなくすとは」meaning?",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[
{
"body": "“元気をなくす” means “lose energy”, “lose their health” or “being down”. You can use\non physical matter and mental matter both.\n\nRegarding meaning of “とは”:\n\nIt’s hard to say without seeing whole sentence but if that word is using like\nbelow it have implication that \"you shouldn't\". I think there are no words in\nenglish to replace it completely. I tried to find good example..\n\n> 彼女に捨てられたくらいで元気をなくすとは情けない。 \n> Don’t be so down just because she dumped you. How pathetic you are.\n\nIn this case, its meaning is similar to \"～するなんて\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T03:19:18.290",
"id": "65371",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T06:29:29.100",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T06:29:29.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32882",
"parent_id": "65314",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65314
|
65371
|
65371
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering if there is much difference in the pronunciation of the words or\nintonation of them. Is it just the long vowel?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T18:35:17.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65315",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-01T17:54:51.207",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-01T17:54:51.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Difference between おじいさん and おじさん",
"view_count": 425
}
|
[
{
"body": "* おじいさん with the long //iː// sound means \"grandfather\".\n\n * おじさん with the short //i// sound means \"uncle\".\n\nIn modern Japanese, these are distinguished by vowel length and by pitch\naccent -- \"grandfather\" has a downstep after the second mora, so the _ji_ is a\nhigher pitch than the second _i_ : おじいさん{LHLLL}, whereas \"uncle\" has no\ndownstep: おじさん{LHHH}.\n\nLooking at the derivations, the initial _o-_ in \"grandfather\" is an honorific\nprefix, and the _-san_ on the end is an honorific suffix. The root term is\n_jī_ , from older _jiji_ (still encountered occasionally, often meaning \"old\nman\"), from ancient _didi_.\n\nMeanwhile, in \"uncle\", the _-san_ on the end is an honorific suffix, but the\n_o-_ on the front is part of the root term, _oji_. This is from older _woji_ ,\nfrom ancient _wodi_.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T19:24:09.350",
"id": "65316",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T19:40:12.227",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T19:40:12.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
65315
| null |
65316
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Any help in getting a better understanding of this sentence would be greatly\nappreciated! Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T20:28:21.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65317",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-26T20:04:35.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-26T20:04:35.193",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of なのか in this sentence?",
"view_count": 2051
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case なのか is marking what is thought to be the cause of the following\nclause (in Japanese).\n\n> テナントで入っているショップのBGM **なのか** 、トランスが大音量で響いている。\n\nTrance music was reverberating loudly, **perhaps from** the tenant shop's\nbackground music.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T20:58:08.097",
"id": "65318",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T20:58:08.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65317
| null |
65318
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are three variations on this phrase that I can find in Google, and I'm\nnot sure whether all three are really used, or how frequently. But I am\nconfused about the differences between them.\n\n> 大{たい}したこと **では** ない\n\nI believe this means \"(It's) not a big deal.\" Ok, I understand.\n\n> 大{たい}したこと **は** ない\n\nIsn't this different from the first sentence? It seems to mean \"There aren't\nany particularly big problems.\"\n\n> 大{たい}したことない\n\nThis one could go either way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T21:05:45.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65319",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-27T18:00:45.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-01T19:16:02.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "36722",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Confusion about 大したこと(で)(は)ない",
"view_count": 262
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding of the first two variations is correct. The sound quite\nformal, maybe something like:\n\n 1. \"This is nothing important, really\" \n 2. \"There is nothing important, really\" \n\nLast variation is more colloquial, maybe something like:\n\n 3. \"No big deal\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T04:03:01.180",
"id": "65333",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T08:00:33.230",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T08:00:33.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"parent_id": "65319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65319
| null |
65333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65332",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This is from a review for a\nrestaurant:<https://www.tripadvisor.jp/ShowUserReviews-g298110-d7405583-r439370408-Salle_a_Manger_F-\nFukui_Fukui_Prefecture_Hokuriku_Chubu.html>\n\n> フレンチでは知る人ぞ知るシェフ\n\nDoes it mean: \"A chef known by a selected group of French (people)\"? I guess\nでは is marking the agent 'フレンチ'. This seems to be the case with other example\nsentences I found like:\n\n> 神ならぬ身では知るよしもない There is no way of knowing by a simple mortal\n\nwhich apparently is the same as saying:\n\n> 神ならぬ身の知る由もなし\n\nHere の is marking 神ならぬ身 as the agent/subject same as では.\n\nIs this right so far? Is フレンチ refering to people?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T21:07:54.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65320",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T03:43:03.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Meaning of フレンチでは in 知る人ぞ知るシェフ",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this フレンチ is referring to French Cuisine (フランス料理) not French people.\n\nHere's a similar example also with the phrase「知る人ぞ知る」:\n\n> 伊兵衛織{いへいおり}は、 **きもの通{つう}の間{あいだ}では** 知る人ぞ知る織り。\n>\n> Ihei-ori is a weave known well among kimono connoisseurs.\n\nSo **フレンチでは** 知る人ぞ知るシェフ probably means something like,\n\n * フランス料理（またはフランスのこと全般）を **よく知っている人な間では**...\n\nSo one way to translate the title of the review might be,\n\n> A chef ( _only or particularly_ ) known to people who ( _really_ ) know\n> French Cuisine\n\nJ>E definition for the phrase「知る人ぞ知る」:\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%9E%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T21:38:27.650",
"id": "65321",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T21:38:27.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This is a review about French cuisine, served at French restaurant Salle à\nmanger F. The context is: French cuisine.\n\nフレンチ usually refers to the cuisine. People are generally フランス人 or フランスの人, the\nlanguage is usually フランス語 or フランスの言葉.\n\n[知る人ぞ知る](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%9E%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B)\nis used to describe knowledge limited to a select few. The reviewer writes\nlater 「シェフは、フレンチでは知る人ぞ知る有名な方です。」I would make the sentence out to be 'The chef\nis, among connoisseurs of French cuisine, a famous individual.'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T21:40:57.773",
"id": "65322",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T22:28:12.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T22:28:12.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This フレンチ is French cuisine, not French people nor France.\n\nThis では is basically specifying the focus/scope of the sentence, so \"in the\nfield of French cuisine\", \"concerning French cuisine\" or \"when it comes to\nFrench cuisine\" would be the literal translation of this フレンチでは. Compare it\nwith these similar examples:\n\n> * ボクシング **では** 、相手をキックするのは反則です。\n> * プログラミング **では** 他人が理解しやすいコードを書くことが重要です。\n>\n\nOf course, usually, something like \"among French cuisine fans\" is a reasonable\noption.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T03:43:03.710",
"id": "65332",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T03:43:03.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65320
|
65332
|
65322
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I looked up for the word \"darling\" and got two different answers and I just\nwant to know if they both mean the same thing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T21:43:53.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T21:43:53.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Do 最愛の人 and ダーリン mean the same thing?",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[] |
65323
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I just encountered the grammar \"te aru\" and according to Japanesetest4you\nit means that _something has been done_. They provide the following sentence\nas an example:\n\n> 君の靴下も全部洗濯 **してある** 。 \n> _Kimi no kutsushita mo zenbu sentaku **shite aru**._ \n> 'All your socks have also been washed.'\n\nWould it be wrong of me to just say:\n\n> 君の靴下も全部洗濯 **した** 。 \n> _Kimi no kutsushita mo zenbu sentaku **shita**._\n\nWould there be a big difference in meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T22:02:35.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65324",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T03:29:47.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T22:28:48.480",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32853",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Japanese grammar \"てある”",
"view_count": 385
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is like the difference between \"they have been washed\" and\n\"(someone) washed them\".\n\n> 君{きみ}の靴下{くつした}も全部{ぜんぶ} **洗濯{せんたく}してある**\n\n * All of your socks **have** also **been washed**\n\n * Your socks **have** all **been washed** as well\n\n> 君の靴下も全部 **洗濯した**\n\n * **(I have) washed** all of your socks as well\n\n * **(She has) washed** all of your socks as well\n\n * **(He has) washed all** of your socks as well",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-05T23:38:42.880",
"id": "65326",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T01:28:37.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T01:28:37.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65324
| null |
65326
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65335",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a book and have come across this sentence\n\n> アニーが指さしているのは、一本のなわばしごだった。\n\nI know this sentence translates to something like\n\n> Annie was pointing to a long rope ladder.\n\nBut what I truly don't understand is what does the だった at the end modify? Is\nit modifying アニーが指さしている (Annie pointing) like I believe?\n\nOr is it really modifying 一本のなわばしご (rope ladder)? And the translated sentence\nis more like\n\n> Annie pointed to what was a long rope ladder",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T02:23:16.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65329",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T05:56:30.520",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T04:36:29.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula",
"past",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "Confusion on use of だった with sentence that uses nominalized verb",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a rather simple example of [a cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010).\n\n> アニーは一本のなわばしごを指さしていた。 \n> Annie was pointing to a long rope ladder.\n>\n> アニーが指さしているのは、一本のなわばしごだった。 \n> It was a long rope ladder that Annie was pointing to.\n\nGrammatically speaking, だった is modifying nothing.\n\nNote: This `の`/`it` is referring to a tangible object, so in this case, it is\npossible to translate the sentence using the simple grammar of relative\nclause: \"The thing (=の) Annie was pointing to was a long rope ladder.\" But\ncleft sentence is a grammaticalized concept that has a wider range of usages.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T05:04:03.663",
"id": "65335",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T05:56:30.520",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T05:56:30.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65329",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65329
|
65335
|
65335
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65384",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The President of the United States gives a speech referred to in English as\nthe \"State of the Union\". Why is this speech called 一般教書演説{いっぱんきょうしょえんぜつ} in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T03:28:55.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65331",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T01:56:36.140",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T17:18:04.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Why is the State of the Union Address Called 一般教書演説?",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "As user27280 mentions, in English it [used to be known by a different\nname](https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/stateoftheunion.pdf):\n\n> **Has the Message Always Been Known by this Name?**\n>\n> The message was generally known as “the President’s Annual Message to\n> Congress” until well into the 20th century. Although some historians suggest\n> that the phrase “State of the Union” emerged only after World War II,\n> President Franklin Roosevelt’s 1934 message is identified in his papers as\n> his “Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union.” According to the\n> Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, it was known informally\n> as the State of the Union Address from 1942 to 1946, and has been known\n> “generally” by the same name since 1947.\n\nI found [a Japanese document from\n1941](https://www.jacar.go.jp/nichibei/popup/19410106a.html), which calls it\n\n> 「（２５）昭和十六年一月六日「ルーズヴェルト」ノ **一般議会教書** 」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aFeV0.png)\n\nSo the 一般教書 part of the term predates it being widespread to call it the\n_**State of the Union**_ in English. I think the 一般 is to distinguish it from\nother messages of the President to Congress such as The Budget Message (予算教書),\nAnnual Economic Report (経済報告–this one isn't a 教書), and whatever other special\nmessages the President might want to give (for example [Kennedy's 1963 speech\non mental health](https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-\nviewer/archives/JFKPOF/052/JFKPOF-052-012) is translated as\n[精神病及び精神薄弱に関する大統領教書](http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/ce/2010/mk01.pdf)).\nEven though the name of the speech changed in English, it's not surprising\nthat it might not have changed so drastically in Japanese.\n\nEDIT: The earliest source of 一般教書 directly I can find is in\n[1952](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40000288037). In that same year it was also\nknown as [大統領年頭一般教書](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40002147985). I can't find any\nother sources for 一般議会教書 so that might have been a one time translation\nchoice. However, I'm unable to search newspapers/journals around the 1940s,\nwhich likely would have had a concrete formalized translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T20:30:01.397",
"id": "65384",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T01:56:36.140",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65331
|
65384
|
65384
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> お金があったら、車を買うんですけど。\n>\n> If I had money, I would buy a car.\n\nI know that けど means \"but,\" \"however\" or \"although\".\n\nWhy is it used in the sentence above? How is the sentence different from the\none below?\n\n> お金があったら、車を買うんです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T04:55:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65334",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T05:23:44.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of けど",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[] |
65334
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw a movie labeled\n\n> インディペンデント作品\n\nThe adjective インディペンデント does not end in _i_ and is followed by neither _na_\nnor _no_ here. Is this meant as a strange compound noun ( _katakana_ + _kanji_\n)? Or is this a partial translation of 'independent film', keeping the English\ngrammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"loanwords",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Is the adjective インディペンデント actually used as an adjective?",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think in your example, インディペンダント is used as a noun indeed, a movie genre for\nexample: \"Independent\". \nYou can compare with expressions such as ホラー映画.\n\nThe confusing part may be that there are also adjectives made from these same\nwords, but their usage and meaning slightly differs: インディペンデントな働き方,\nホラーなトイレットペーパー (?!).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-06T12:44:03.400",
"id": "65341",
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65336
| null |
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{
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"body": "> こんなうるさいところ **では** 勉強ができません。\n\nHow is the meaning of the sentence above different from the meaning of the one\nbelow?\n\n> こんなうるさいところ **で** 勉強ができません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T09:14:59.453",
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"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"negation",
"scope"
],
"title": "は vs.では in こんなうるさいところでは勉強ができません",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "は in a negative sentence can indicate the scope of negation. Compare:\n\n> こんなうるさいところで **は** 勉強ができません。 \n> こんなうるさいところで勉強 **は** できません。\n\nBoth can be used almost interchangeably in most situations, but the former can\nimply \"I can't study in such a noisy place (but I could study in other\nplaces).\" while the latter \"I can't study in such a noisy place (but I could\ndo other things here).\" (i.e. in the former, こんなうるさいところで part is negated, and\nin the latter, 勉強(できる) is negated.)\n\n(こんなうるさいところで勉強 **が** できません doesn't sound natural)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-06T09:53:08.693",
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65339
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"body": "So I would like to translate a Japanese book into an Indo-European language\n(specifically, Russian) and I'm really not sure how to deal with the paragraph\nstructure.\n\nAs you may know, Japanese literature is often written in numerous paragraphs,\neach containing just two-three sentences at best. I feel like if I keep the\nstructure as is, it will result in an unnatural looking text because that's\nnot how literature is usually written in my language. We tend to favor longer\nparagraphs and generally try to avoid making our texts too fragmented.\n\nHow do people usually approach this problem? Is it common for translators to\nsimply follow the original structure or is it generally accepted that they\nshould take some creative liberties and restructure the text in an attempt to\nmake it appear more organized? Are there any papers on this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T13:12:08.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65343",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-12T01:01:05.503",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-06T13:19:59.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "12271",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Dealing with paragraphs when translating Japanese literature",
"view_count": 945
}
|
[
{
"body": "_Disclaimer: I've never done any professional Japanese to English translation\nbefore_\n\nI found the following in _The Routledge Course in Japanese Translation_ by\nYoko Hasegawa. Note that ST stands for source text and TT stands for\ntranslated text.\n\n> Between Japanese and English, an adjustment that is frequently called for\n> concerns paragraph breaks. Compared to Japanese, English writing has\n> significantly fewer breaks (K. Inoue 2004: 95); conversely, Japanese writing\n> utilizes frequent line breaks. One may even encounter Japanese texts that\n> place a line break after every kuten 句点 (｡). This is due to the fact that\n> the concept of paragraph has not been clearly established in Japanese\n> writing (Hojo 2004: 41). Let us examine whether there is a discrepancy\n> between STs and TTs in regard to paragraphing. The following table compares\n> the number of paragraphs in the first section or chapter of the STs with\n> their corresponding TTs.\n>\n> Source Text | Author | ST Par | Translator | TT Par \n> ---|---|---|---|--- \n> After Babel | George Steiner | 20 | 亀山健吉 | 20 \n> Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland | Lewis Carroll | 17 | 矢川澄子 | 17 \n> A Pale View of Hills | Kazuo Ishiguro | 12 | 小野寺健 | 12 \n> Saving Private Ryan | Max Collins | 13 | 伏見威蕃 | 13 \n> The Cop and the Anthem | O. Henry | 48 | 大久保康雄 | 48 \n> The Moon and Sixpence | Somerset Maugham | 7 | 中野好夫 | 7 \n> The Selfish Gene | Richard Dawkins | 32 | 日高敏隆他 | 32 \n> 『女形』 | 三島由紀夫 | 13 | Donald Keene | 10 \n> 『キッチン』 | 吉本ばなな | 17 | Megan Backus | 11 \n> 『樹々は緑か』 | 吉行淳之介 | 44 | Adam Kabat | 42 \n> 『中国行きのスロウ・ボート』 | 村上春樹 | 19 | Jay Rubin | 16 \n> 『春は馬車に乗って』 | 横光利一 | 36 | Dennis Keene | 34 \n> 『砂の女』 | 阿部公房 | 7 | Dale Saunders | 7 \n> 『雪国』 | 川端康成 | 48 | Edward Seidensticker | 42 \n> \n> Clearly shown by this table is the fact that paragraph breaks are maintained\n> in English-to-Japanese translation, whereas they are likely to be changed in\n> Japanese-to-English translation. Moreover, when paragraphs are adjusted,\n> English TTs invariably have fewer paragraphs. Although we do not investigate\n> how paragraphs are combined in English TTs, Japanese-to-English translators\n> should be aware that such an adjustment might be called for in order to\n> produce quality TTs. (For an excellent discussion of paragraph adjustment in\n> translation, see Hojo 2004: 41–59.)\n\nReferences mentioned in the excerpt:\n\n * Inoue, Kazuma 井上一馬. 2004. _Inoue Kazuma no hon’yaku kyDshitsu 井上一馬の 翻訳教室_. Chikuma Shobo\n\n * Hojo, Fumio 北條文緒. 2004. _Hon’yaku to ibunka – Gensaku tono “zure” ga kataru mono_ 翻訳と異文化―原作との<ずれ>が語るもの. Misuzu Shobo.",
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65343
|
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65346
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"body": "I have read in several sources that it is grammatically incorrect to use は\n(topic particle) in relative clauses. However, I am almost certain that I have\nseen constructions like the following:\n\n> 学生ではない男子は今自分で遊んでいる。\n\nIs this technically incorrect? Should it be 学生でない? Or is this は not considered\nthe same particle that is forbidden in relative clauses?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T16:21:10.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65347",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T16:26:27.600",
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"negation",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "ではない in Relative Clauses",
"view_count": 391
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that using ではない in relative clauses is correct because ではない as a whole\nis the negative conjugation of です, and not a set of particles.\n\nThat said, I'm aware that the construction Aではない (meaning not to be A) comes\nfrom Aでは ない (the quality of A does not exist) in a more literal sense, but I'd\nlook to the verb as a unit rather to parsing it down to particles. At the end\nof the day, when we say 学生ではない男子 we mean the boys who **are not** students.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T11:38:50.983",
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65347
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66637
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"body": "I'm a bit confused with this expression 「私も上等じゃない」 as well as how 良く出来てるよ\nconnects to it immediately after. The text in question (apologies if the\nsituation is still vague):\n\n> 屋上から街を眺めながら……世界の終わりを想像するなんて……。\n>\n> でも……。\n>\n> ……。\n>\n> この格好でこんな年頃の少女だったら……まぁ考えてそうかも……。\n>\n> 世界なんて滅んじゃえばいいのに……とか。とか。\n>\n> みんな死んじゃえばいいのに……とか。とか。\n>\n> だから、まぁ……そういった意味じゃ、 **私も上等じゃないですか** ……。\n>\n> **良く出来てるよ** ……。\n\nI'm aware of the sarcastic use of 上等 that じゃないか often follows with, but I'm\nnot sure if that still applies here as this is all monologue (and not\ndescribing someone else's actions). Is the line essentially saying how she\nfits the bill described (since she's staring down at the city thinking about\nsuch morbid things), or how she is perfect in that sense of being morbid,\ndark? If so, how does 良く出来てる make sense here?\n\nMy translations of the last two lines are:\n\n\"In that sense, I'm quite the perfect match here, huh?\"\n\n\"A lot of time was put into my character, you know.\" <- a strange meta joke?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-06T17:49:05.067",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding this expression and how it relates to what comes after",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[] |
65348
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65368",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to say `\"I work for\" company X`.\n\nI have found two ways of saying that:\n\n * `仕える` -> _company-name_ に仕える\n * `勤める` -> _company-name_ に勤める\n\nBut I can't find which one is correct or where to correctly use those\nexpressions.\n\nCan someone please help me out and explain the difference between the two?\n\nMany thanks.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T18:44:18.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65349",
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"owner_user_id": "32378",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to say \"to work for\"",
"view_count": 4880
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you would like to just say “work for (company name)”, you can say:\n\n 1. 私は(company name) で働いています。\n 2. 私は(company name) に勤めています。\n\nBoth are natural. I think 2 is little bit more formal but 1 is also not so\ncasual word.\n\nOn the other hand, “(company name)に仕える” sounds incorrect if you simply work\nfor a regular company/public organization. Because “仕える” means “work for noble\npeople/god” so you can only use this word in limited situations like those\nbelow:\n\n「私は神に仕えています」(she must be a sister and works at a church (in the case of\nChristian))\n\n「私は王女に仕えています」(you may can imagine how rarely people work for queens)\n\nIn the old age in Japan, about 400 years ago, Samurai worked for their\ndomain/shogunate and that was called “藩/幕府に仕える”. It has shown that were\nabsolute being at that time. Unfortunately we contemporary persons cannot\nnormally use “仕える”.\n\nIf you said “(company name)に仕えています”, I would laugh and say “Hey, are you a\nknight or something of the company?”.\n\nHope this helps you.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T23:28:56.553",
"id": "65368",
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65349
|
65368
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65368
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65354",
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"body": "I was studying this [kanji](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%93%20%23kanji) and\nlooked at the strokes order to figure out how to write it, only to realize the\ndifference between the pc font one and the diagram. Why is the 3 look-alike\nonly on hand drawn?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T19:32:58.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65350",
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"owner_user_id": "5466",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"history",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Why is there a difference between the hand drawn 道 and the pc font one?",
"view_count": 2589
}
|
[
{
"body": "English/Latin letters have similar differences between hand-written and\nprinted forms. _(Think about how most people would write the letter 'a' or the\nnumber '4')_ Historically, many of the differences between type forms and\nhand-written forms come from the technology used for printing.\n\nObviously, hand-writing pre-dates printing, so the hand-written form came\nfirst (the 3-like part of 道). When characters were adapted to metal movable\ntype the form was often modified to make the type easier to make, easier to\nread, last longer or print better. This is the case for the font shown on the\nwebsite you referenced.\n\nMore information on the radical in question, \"之繞{しんにょう}\":\n\n<https://kakijun.jp/main/shin-nyu.html>\n\nThis link supports what droooze mentions above, namely that the 3-like shape\ncomes from merging the second and third strokes of an older form, which has 2\ndots rather than 1. However, it also states that the 2-dot + curl form is\n\"general\", though not \"correct\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T20:21:04.657",
"id": "65351",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-07T03:58:58.053",
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{
"body": "I'm assuming that this is a question on the different shapes of\nthe「⻍・⻌」component of「道」.\n\n> For reference, the glyph origin of「⻍・⻌」is shown below via the\n> character「過」.「⻍・⻌」is a merger between「彳」and「止」;「止」eventually became\n> drastically simplified, but「彳」still retains most of its structure in the\n> print form, while slightly simplified in the handwritten form.\n>\n> # `[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n> [金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bd4uf.png) \n> 過伯簋 \n>\n> [集成3907](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=3907&jgwfl=)``[楚](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_\\(state\\)) \n> [簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/erLq2.png) \n> [郭・語3](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/ChuwenziReference) \n> ``[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8SWAr.png) \n> [睡・效](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)9 \n> ``[東{{kr:漢}}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han) \n> [隸](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QhbPz.png) \n> 華山廟碑 \n> ``今 \n> [楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F0L6f.png) \n> \n> ``[清](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty) \n> [明朝體](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_\\(typefaces\\)) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EVhEV.png) \n> [康熙字典](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_Dictionary) \n> `\n\nThere are two print shapes that you will see in Japanese fonts:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IA3zL.png)\n\nThe left hand shape applies to _most_ * of the printed forms of the [_Jōyō\nkanji_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji), of which「道」is a\nmember. The right hand side is the orthodox print shape, and applies to all\nother _kanji_.\n\nRegardless of whether the character is a _Jōyō kanji_ or not, the handwritten\nshape (should) always look like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GKkoJ.png)\n\nThis is equivalent to taking the right hand print shape and merging the second\nand third strokes:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sVcSI.png)\n\n> The reason why Japanese decided to apply the left hand print shape, and only\n> to the _Jōyō kanji_ , is rather convoluted, and not relevant to how you\n> should learn handwriting. Just remember the handwriting shape, and make use\n> of [handwriting previews](https://www.fonts.com/font/ricoh/hg-seikaishotai-\n> pro).\n\n* * *\n\n*The left hand print shape is no longer applicable for new _kanji_ coming into the _Jōyō kanji_ list. See the _jisho.org_ entries for[「謎」](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%AC%8E%20%23kanji),[「遡」](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%A1%20%23kanji), and[「遜」](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%9C%20%23kanji), which are new (2010) _Jōyō kanji_ and use the right hand (orthodox) print shape, **but do not follow their stroke order diagrams, which are incorrect and caused by a severe misunderstanding about the structure of the left hand side of「⻍・⻌」.**\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZJq3T.png)\n>\n> **This is incorrect; never write with both two dots and a curl.** Either\n> imitate the orthodox print shape (two dots and a straight vertical finish)\n> or the handwriting shape (one dot and a curl).\n\nAs always, follow a handwriting font:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bS5mI.png)",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T00:26:22.560",
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{
"body": "The other answers were really great and taught me a lot. But in the context of\nnames, I just found out that the Ministry of Justice specifically\ndifferentiations between 道 using one or the other of「⻌・⻍」/[one dot・two dots].\nThis means it's possible regular people specifically care about their name\nhaving one dot or having two dots (especially if [\"Some people take pride in\nhaving 旧字体/異体字 family names and keep on using them whenever\npossible\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30509/36471)). Here are both\nvariants of 道, shown with their unique character codes, from the Ministry's\nofficial web database [戸籍統一文字情報のページ (Family Register Unified Character\nPage)](http://kosekimoji.moj.go.jp/kosekimojidb/mjko/PeopleTop):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Frjqf.png)\n\nAs I explain further, note that I used Google Translate a lot, so please\ncorrect me if I've misunderstood anything and take everything I say with a\ngrain of salt! Also, I found an abundance of information on 辻 rather than 道,\nso I will consider that particular character instead. Just like 道, one-dot and\ntwo-dot versions of 辻 are defined separately in the Ministry's name kanji\ndatabase.\n\nThe character 辻 is special because [辻 has two dots in the latest JIS X\n0213:2004, but had one dot prior to\n2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213#/media/File:JIS_X_0213_2000-2004.gif).\nAlso it is Jinmeiyō kanji and isn't Jōyō kanji. These two qualities may extend\nto other characters as well, though I haven’t checked.\n\nThis [Yahoo Japan\npost](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13179536808)\nis what originally alerted me to the possibility of this type of issue, and it\nfirst led me to the official Japanese Ministry of Justice page on [子の名に使える漢字\n(Kanji for use in children’s names)](http://www.moj.go.jp/MINJI/minji86.html).\nThis page includes a link to the official 人名用漢字表 (Jinmeiyō Kanji) and also the\n戸籍統一文字情報のページ (Family Register Unified Character Page), which I used to find\nthe two versions of 道 above.\n\nIn the [人名用漢字表 (Jinmeiyō Kanji)\nPDF](http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf), 辻 is present with two dots\non page 2, lower set, row 2, column 4 of the PDF. This means children named\nwith 辻 must use the character with two dots, matching the latest JIS X\n0213:2004 version.\n\nBut in the [Family Register character\npage](http://kosekimoji.moj.go.jp/kosekimojidb/mjko/PeopleTop), searching for\n`つじ` in the `読み` field returns separate one-dot and two-dot versions of 辻\ndefined for names.\n\nMy assumption is people named with 辻 before 2004 got one dot per the old JIS X\nstandard, and people named since 2004 have gotten 辻 with two dots. An old copy\nof the Jinmeiyō kanji list could validate this theory, but regardless, the\nmain point is that some people’s names may specifically have only one dot, or\nspecifically have two dots. And since people can keep using non-Jinmeiyō kanji\n[for a number of\nreasons](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43352/is-it-permitted-\nto-use-kanji-beyond-the-jinmeiy%C5%8D-kanji-for-names), then this issue may\nnever go away. I found all this fascinating, and hopefully it's useful if I\never happen to meet someone with such a name!\n\n## Supplemental external references, in no particular order\n\n * [第2章明朝体と筆写の楷書との関係について（具体例）（案）(MEXT Examples Comparing Variations in Mincho and Handwriting (Draft))](http://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/kokugo/shoiinkai/iinkai_19/pdf/shiryo_6.pdf), in particular the footnote on p37-38 mentions the name variants for 辻 with one and two dots, and the handwriting variants between two dots with curl versus two dots with straight vertical finish. The document appears to be a work in progress, see this [version from the prior year](http://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/kokugo/shoiinkai/iinkai_18/pdf/shiryo_5.pdf). Thanks to @archaephyrryx for finding this\n * [Comparing handwritten and Mincho versions of 之繞{しんにょう}](https://kakijun.jp/main/shin-nyu.html) 「⻌・⻍・⻎」 on Kakijun.jp, thanks to @sazarando for sharing this in his answer to this question\n * [Adobe Typekit Blog: Japan revised its Jōyō Kanji set](https://blog.typekit.com/2010/12/05/joyo-kanji-revision/), comparing the new 2010 Jōyō kanji with two dots ⻍ to the existing simplified ones with one dot ⻌\n * [JIS X 0213](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213) on Wikipedia\n * [JIS X 0213:2014 changes](https://kakijun.jp/main/jis2004.html) on Kakijun.jp \n * [常用漢字表 (Jōyō Kanji)](https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf), especially pages 4-10.\n * [人名用漢字表 (Jinmeiyō Kanji)](http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf)\n\n## Related questions concerning font and handwriting variations, most recent\nfirst\n\n * [Why is there a difference between the hand drawn 道 and the pc font one?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65350/why-is-there-a-difference-between-the-hand-drawn-%e9%81%93-and-the-pc-font-one) 2019-02-06, including this one for completeness...\n * [Differents ways to write 箸 [duplicate]](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/50186/differents-ways-to-write-%e7%ae%b8) 2017-07-08, included since it has answers with additional different information, despite being a duplicate\n * [Variations in the “same” kanji, how do you know which one to use?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42953/variations-in-the-same-kanji-how-do-you-know-which-one-to-use) 2017-01-28\n * [噌 variants in different fonts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41983/%e5%99%8c-variants-in-different-fonts) 2016-12-26 \n * [Meaning of font variation in the case of the character 賭](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14814/meaning-of-font-variation-in-the-case-of-the-character-%e8%b3%ad) 2014-03-09\n * [Why are there two versions of the kanji for 冷?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3191/why-are-there-two-versions-of-the-kanji-for-%e5%86%b7) 2011-09-20\n * [Distinguishing certain characters in handwriting and print (Similar-looking Kana and Kanji)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2990/distinguishing-certain-characters-in-handwriting-and-print-similar-looking-kana) 2011-09-03\n\n## Related questions concerning Jinmeiyō kanji, most recent first\n\n * [Is it permitted to use kanji beyond the jinmeiyō kanji for names?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43352/is-it-permitted-to-use-kanji-beyond-the-jinmeiy%c5%8d-kanji-for-names) 2017-02-09\n * [What are the most obscure kanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35856/what-are-the-most-obscure-kanji) 2016-06-11\n * [Use of 旧字体 in Japanese names](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30507/use-of-%e6%97%a7%e5%ad%97%e4%bd%93-in-japanese-names) 2016-01-18\n * [Why is the Japanese government considering adding kanji such as “cancer” to the jinmeiyō kanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6134/why-is-the-japanese-government-considering-adding-kanji-such-as-cancer-to-the) 2012-07-14",
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"body": "恥ずべき is listed as an adjective in EDICT, as a 'compound word' (連語) in kotobank\n([here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%81%A5%E3%81%9A%E3%81%B9%E3%81%8D-358568#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)),\nand as a \"noun or verb acting pre-nominally\" on the Midori app. My question\nrelates to a sample sentence I saw on EDICT\n([link](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?1Q%C3%D1%A4%BA%A4%D9%A4%AD_1_)).\n\n> > 君は、自分の愚かさを恥ずべきだ。You should be ashamed of your folly.\n\nAll the other examples I found are `恥ずべき+Noun` (恥ずべき秘密, 恥ずべき行為, 恥ずべきこと, etc),\nmaking them noun phrases. But in the above example 恥ずべき is followed by the\ncopula だ. Also, the inclusion of the particle を would seem to make it a verbal\nuse of 恥ずべき since there is no other verb present.\n\nSo is that example sentence correct? If so, how is 恥ずべき functioning\ngrammatically with を and the copula だ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-06T20:50:46.167",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What word class is 恥ずべき?",
"view_count": 136
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[
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"body": "「恥ずべき」 is a combination of the verb **恥ず** and the auxiliary verb **べし**.\n\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%B9%E3%81%97>\n\nBoth of these words follow somewhat archaic grammar patterns, so they don't\nbehave like most modern verbs.\n\n * 恥ずべき functions with を because it is a verb taking a direct object\n\n * 恥ずべき functions with the copula だ because べき is the form of the auxiliary verb べし that attaches to the copula",
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"body": "[This](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/part-of-speech/japanese-\ninterjection-and-emotional-expressions/) article lists many examples of using\nものだ to articulate \"deep concern.\" The author of this article explains that\nwhen you connect words which indicate desire like …たい and 欲しい with ものだ, your\nspeech indicates hope with some concerns.\n\nFor instance:\n\n> 「次の大統領は優秀な人になってもらいたい（もんだ / ものだ）。」\n\nTranslated as: As for the next president, [I] would like a prominent person to\nbe elected.\n\nThe nuance in this sentence was explained as \"The current one (president)\nisn’t good, so you’re expecting the next one with frustration.”\n\n> 「こういう服を一度着てみたい（もんだ / ものだ）。」\n\nI] want to try to wear clothing like this once [in my life]. *You long for\nwearing it, but are resigned to wear it at the same time.\n\nEarlier in the article the author explains that \"the combination between\npredicates and ものだ or ことだ determines the nuances. When you connect words which\nindicate change of things or people with ものだ, your speech indicates\ninexpressible deep emotion. In general, the emotion is not expressively told.\nYou need to guess it.\"\n\nDoes this explanation explain why combinations of words linked to desire\ncombined with ものだ automatically signal concern within hope? I'm a little\nconfused about why concern is the thing that is signaled in this kind of\nconstruction.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-07T04:10:20.210",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-12T01:42:43.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "ものだ expressing ambiguous emotions/concern?",
"view_count": 278
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"body": "In my understanding the purpose behind saying ...ものだ is for the speaker to\nexpress their belief that \"...\" is something everyone would agree upon,\nsomething without question, something objectively obvious.\n\nThis underlying meaning _could be_ used to express hope or concern as in your\nexamples, but I think it is more the content of the thought rather than the\nusage of ...ものだ that indicates this.\n\n> 「こういう服を一度着てみたい（もんだ / ものだ）。」\n\n_The speaker believes_ that it is **inherently obvious** that \"this kind of\nclothing\" is something that one would \"want to try on once\"\n\n> 「次の大統領は優秀な人になってもらいたい（もんだ / ものだ）。」\n\n_The speaker believes_ that it is **inherently obvious** that **anyone would\nagree with him** in desiring the next President to be an exceptional person\n\n四 （形式名詞） Definitions 1 and 2 at the link below:\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE>",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T23:00:08.200",
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"body": "I helped someone online translate something from English into Japanese and\nthey responded with:\n\n> ありがとうございます！\n>\n> イラスト素敵です \" (<* i do illustrations)\n\nI want to say \"thank you very much!\" but idk if I should just reply with\n\"ありがとうございます\" or it would be rude to just say the same thing and/or to not\naddress their \"thank you\" first with something like \"いつでもどうぞ\" and then a\n\"thank you\" or would that still be... weird? (I did tell them my Japanese is\nnot very good beforehand)\n\nWould it be ok if I reply with:\n\n> どういたしまして\n>\n> もありがとうございます\n\nWhat would be the best way to reply in this situation?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T04:58:47.257",
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"owner_user_id": "32871",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"conversations"
],
"title": "What would be the best way to respond to thank you and a compliment at the same time?",
"view_count": 518
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"body": "I think you could first address their thank you and then thank them for their\ncompliment, like..\n\n> いえいえ、どういたしまして。\n>\n> イラスト、お褒めいただきありがとうございます。 \n> or イラスト、褒めてくださってありがとうございます。\n\nIf you just wrote ありがとうございます after どういたしまして, it would be unclear what you're\nthanking for, so I suggest adding イラスト、お褒めいただき or 褒めてくださって... which is the\npolite way (honorific/humble form) of saying 褒めてもらって or 褒めてくれて. Alternatively\nI think you could say イラスト、気に入ってくださって嬉しいです。",
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"body": "I've been preparing for an interview, and I've seen both of these phrases used\nwhen introducing yourself and thanking someone for their time or when support\nis being given. For example:\n\n> お忙しい **なか** お時間をとって いただきありがとうございます\n>\n> お忙しい **ところ** 大変恐縮ではございますが、何卒よろしくお願いいたします\n\nIs there a nuanced difference between using ところ and なか in this kind of\nsituation, or are they generally interchangeable? As well, what is the direct\ntranslation of ところ・なか?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T05:39:56.787",
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"owner_user_id": "30784",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"politeness"
],
"title": "忙しいところ vs 忙しいなか",
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"body": "Those two are interchangeable. We don't feel any difference if they follow\n忙しい. People say differently just by habit. If you need some source =>\n<https://mayonez.jp/topic/1036754> (Note we don't have official recieved one,\nsome manner instructor have slightly different policy. Also it depends on\nregion, industry, company who belongs to)\n\n> what is the direct translation of ところ・なか?\n\nif you want direct translation and make them different, it's close to\n\n忙しい中(なか) = Of/In busy time(days).\n\n忙しい所(ところ) = Of/In your busy situation.\n\nSo whole sentences become (might be weird in English)\n\n> お忙しいなかお時間をとって いただきありがとうございます\n\nThank you for taking time in your busy schedule.\n\n> お忙しいところ大変恐縮ではございますが、何卒よろしくお願いいたします\n\nAlthough you are in busy situation, let us ask your favor for this.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-08T16:33:13.220",
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"body": "Both are adverbs meaning \"quickly\", but what is the difference of use between\nthem ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T07:41:21.467",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "When should I use どんどん and when should I use 速く?",
"view_count": 136
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"body": "どんどん implies that you progress step by step. \n速く does not include this nuance.\n\nFrom\n<https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.weblio.jp/content/amp/%25E3%2581%25A9%25E3%2582%2593%25E3%2581%25A9%25E3%2582%2593>\n\n物事や動きの切れ目がなく、次から次と続くさま。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-07T17:45:17.480",
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"body": "> 彼は瞳をキラキラ **させ** ながら言った。\n\nI think that it is \"He said with shining eyes\", but what's a word \"させ\"? Why\n\"させ+ながら\", and not \"しながら\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-07T16:11:12.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "32878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "「彼は瞳をキラキラさせながら言った。」 Why させながら, and not しながら?",
"view_count": 184
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[
{
"body": "させる is the causative form of verb する. In this sentence, it implies that 彼 made\nsome kind of effort (conscious or not) to make his eyes shine (possibly to\nemphasize what he had to say).",
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{
"body": "キラキラする is intransitive \"shine\". eg 「瞳がキラキラする」\"his eyes shine\"\n\nYou use causative キラキラ **させる** \"make something shine\" here. eg\n「瞳をキラキラさせる」\"make his eyes shine\"\n\n> 彼は瞳をキラキラさせながら言った。\n\nYou can split this into two actions: \n「彼は瞳をキラキラさせた。」\"He made his eyes shine\" +「彼は言った。」\"He said.\"\n\nSo the sentence literally means: \"He said, while making his eyes shine.\" Hence\nthe translation \"He said with shining eyes\".\n\n* * *\n\nWhen combining two actions with ながら, you should use the same subject for both\nverbs. i.e. you can't use two different subjects for the two actions, eg\n「彼は、瞳がキラキラしながら言った。」 is incorrect.",
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"body": "I haven't found any good blogs or books explaining properly the way to start\nan email or to answer one.\n\nFor example, I received an email asking me about my availabilities for an\ninterview:\n\n> お世話になっております。 \n> Company name㈱総務人事部のContact nameでございます。 \n> この度--会社--の人事役員面接を設定させて頂きたくご連絡致しました。 \n> 1/10以降でご都合の良い日時を2～3候補頂けますでしょうか。 \n> ご連絡お待ちしております。 \n> よろしくお願い致します。\n\nHow should I answer? I'd like to say any day any time is fine from 1/10 with a\npreference as soon as possible (next 2-3 days).\n\nI'd also like to stay natural without using very complicated sentences someone\nwith my Japanese level wouldn't say.\n\n> company name株式会社 総務人事部 \n> contact name様へ、\n>\n> お世話になっております。 \n> my nameでございます。(Do I need to tell who I am since they contacted me first?) \n> ご連絡ありがとうございました。\n>\n> 面接については、1/10の次の２－３営業日でも宜しいでしょうか。 \n> 何時でも大丈夫です。\n>\n> よろしくお願い致します。\n\nIf you have some references where I could learn that, please let me know.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T07:16:48.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65372",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-23T23:03:35.340",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-24T17:32:57.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"email"
],
"title": "Where can I learn the proper way to answer professional emails?",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's [one link](https://business-mail.jp/example). If you type in ビジネスメール\ninto a search engine you should have a plethora of resources.\n\nSome pointers: \n1. You don't need 「へ、」after the contact name (unless you're mirroring how they addressed you). \n2. You should always include your name prominently, so as to not necessitate their having to search for it and to alleviate any potential for confusion. \n3. I would suggest that instead of 「1/10の次の２－３営業日…」, that you specified from and to dates (〇月〇日～〇月〇日の間）.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-08T08:04:50.323",
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65372
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65373
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65373
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{
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"body": "I know that 玉子 is read \"tamago\". I also know that 醤油 is read \"shouyu\". I can\nimagine that 醤玉子 refers to the boiled egg that is submerged in soy sauce. How\ndo you read it though? I assume it's read \"shoutamago\".\n\nI tried entering it into jisho.org, and it says \"hishio tamago\". This\ntranslation, however, is not a direct translation of 醤玉子. It's more of a\ntranslation of 醤 and 玉子 stuck together.\n\nIn English, we can make words up and its meaning can be inferred from the\nparts. An example would be soy-egg. That only works, since there's only one\nway to spell and pronounce soy and egg. I can infer the meaning of 醤玉子, which\nI hope I understood correctly, but I am not quite sure how to go about reading\nthese agglomerations.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T08:31:28.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65374",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T02:00:11.360",
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"owner_user_id": "9587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "How to Read 醤玉子?",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "醤玉子 is not a word people know, which means no one knows its correct meaning or\nreading. If this is not your own made-up word, then you probably misread\nsomething, as droooze pointed out. Unsurprisingly, you cannot get anything\nuseful if you put an entirely new word/phrase to Google or a dictionary site.\n\nAlso note that 醤 and 醤油 mean two very difficult things, just as \"soy\" and \"soy\nsauce\" are different in English. 醤 by itself means something like\n\"(spicy/salty) fermented paste\", and it [appears in the names of various Asian\nseasoning materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AC). Generally\nspeaking, 醤 is read \"ジャン\" if it's part of the name of foreign paste (e.g., 豆板醤\n= トウバンジャン, 苦椒醬 = コチュジャン).\n\nIf I somehow had to assume 醤玉子 _is_ a correct word and had to guess its\nmeaning, I would probably think it's a rare non-Japanese dish which has\nnothing to do with 醤油. This is because, as a native speaker, I know Japanese\nbetter than any other languages and I know 醤玉子 is not a traditional Japanese\ndish. As for the reading, it's difficult to guess, but しょうたまご, ひしおたまご and\nじゃんたまご seem equally possible to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-08T23:41:08.583",
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65374
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65388
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65388
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65378",
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"body": "Self explanatory. I've read that they stand for rock, paper and scissors, but\nI can't find any ultimate origin of why these terms are what they are. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T09:45:41.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65376",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T14:12:15.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What are the origins of the words ぐう、ちょき、ぱあ in the context of じゃんけん？",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are derived from the onomatopoeia used to describe the motions the hand\nmakes when playing.\n\n * グー comes from [ぐっと](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/62316/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%90%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8/), the way you clench your fist\n\n * チョキ comes from [チョキン](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/145016/meaning/m0u/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3/) (or [チョキチョキ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AD)), the sound scissors make when cutting\n\n * パー comes from [ぱっと](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/177736/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B1%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8/), the way you spread your hand\n\nAccording to [Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E3%81%91%E3%82%93#%E8%AA%9E%E6%BA%90):\n\n> * ぐっと拳を握るからグー\n> * チョキンと切るからチョキ\n> * ぱっと手を広げるからパー\n>",
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65376
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65378
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"body": "> 特別に戦が神 (とくべつに いくさが かみ)\n\nI think placing に after とくべつ makes it into an adverb, right? However, I'm\nhaving a lot of trouble working out whether it means 'especially' or\n'specially' or just 'special'. (I occasionally see adverbs used like\nadjectives in Japanese.)\n\nIt would be nice if you could also explain why the adverb とくべつに is used\ninstead of just saying とくべつな いくさ. What difference is there between the two in\nmeaning?\n\nQuick note: 神 means 'incredible, fantastic' in otaku (anime fan) slang. This\nphrase was taken from a Youtube comment. Also, this is in the context of a\nPokemon battle.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T12:31:58.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65377",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T14:54:22.887",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T14:54:22.887",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"adverbs",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Does 特別に戦 mean 'special battle' or 'specially battle'?",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Basics\n\nAs you note, 特別【とくべつ】 followed by に would have to be an adverb. As such,\n_\"special battle\"_ **cannot** be the correct interpretation of\n特別【とくべつ】に戦【いくさ】: just grammatically, that would be a mistaken translation into\nEnglish, and as a Japanese phrase, we know we're missing something.\n\nSo we look again at the fuller phrase, 特別【とくべつ】に戦【いくさ】が神【かみ】.\n\nConsidering the context, and that 神【かみ】 here is an adjective meaning\n_\"incredible, fantastic\"_ , we can now tell that 特別【とくべつ】に acts as a modifier\non the adjective 神【かみ】, and **not** on the noun 戦【いくさ】.\n\nUnpacking the meaning then, we have a 特別【とくべつ】に _\"especially\"_ 神【かみ】\n_\"incredible, fantastic\"_ 戦【いくさ】 _\"battle\"_.\n\n### Deeper analysis\n\nThere's a nuance to this word order. The Japanese word order works out where\nthe core phrase is the statement, 戦【いくさ】が神【かみ】 _\"the battle is incredible\"_ ,\nand this whole statement is then modified by the 特別【とくべつ】に _\"especially /\nextraordinarily / particularly\"_. This is a slightly different shade of\nmeaning than if we'd said 戦【いくさ】が特別【とくべつ】に神【かみ】, which is straightforwardly\n_\"the battle is especially incredible\"_. To preserve the nuance in English, we\nmight use a similar word order, and translate this as _\"especially /\nextraordinarily / particularly, the battle is incredible\"_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T17:32:42.313",
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65377
|
65381
|
65381
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65383",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Original sentence is this:\n\n> Everyone at a meeting talked for 5 minutes at a time\n\nAnd I got confused because I want to put 「分間」 there but I'm not sure if it\nworks well with 「ずつ」 and vice versa. Also, I'm not sure if 「間」 actually has to\nbe there. I know that 「間」 means period of time, so I presume that it has a\nplace to be there but then again I'm not sure.\n\n> みんなはミーティングで5分 **間** ずつ話しました。\n>\n> みんなはミーティングで5分ずつ話しました。\n\nIs the 1st option ok, or can it work both ways?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T17:02:26.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65380",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T21:44:54.833",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T21:44:54.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"time"
],
"title": "Can ずつ be used along with 間?",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are grammatically correct.\n\nI think ...分ずつ is way more common that ...分間ずつ though.\n\nThis idea is supported by a search on this corpus:\n<http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/search_form>, where 「分ずつ」returns many more\nresults than「分間ずつ」.\n\nI also feel like 話し **てい** ました might be more appropriate with 5分 **間** ずつ\nbecause 分間 implies \"over a period of time\" in this context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T20:27:35.140",
"id": "65383",
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65380
|
65383
|
65383
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm unsure how to write the sentence \"That (near you) is a pencil.\" in\nJapanese. Is it \"Sono pen wa desu.\" or \"Sore wa pen desu.\" ? Or are both of\nthem right/wrong? I'm a beginner so I can only read and write in hiragana at\nthe moment (haven't started with kanji and katakana yet).\n\nApreciate your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T23:18:15.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65386",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T09:17:05.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32892",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"english-to-japanese",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Which sentence is grammatically correct?",
"view_count": 252
}
|
[
{
"body": "> それはえんぴつです。\n\nMeans \"That is a pencil.\" The other sentence is ungrammatical, but you could\nmake it grammatical by adding a word, such as:\n\n> その[ペン]{ぺん}は **あかい** です。\n\n\"That pen is red.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T01:29:41.357",
"id": "65390",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "\"Sono pen wa desu\" breaks down for 2 reasons, one grammatical, one logical:\n\n * 'desu' needs a predicate (see mamster's example): for mere existence you need 'arimasu'.\n * As soon as you write \"sono pen\" you take it for granted that it's a pen, just as in English you cannot start a question with 'this pen' to ask whether it's a pen.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T09:12:37.680",
"id": "65397",
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65386
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65390
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have seen the above construction only twice online, but it sounds like one\nof those sentences where the word order has been moved around in order to give\nit maybe a Shakespearean effect, or samurai effect or who knows.\n\n> 無謀とも言えるその計画に誰もが驚き、掲示板で彼の足どりを確かめ応援し続けました。\n\n* * *\n\n> いまだ成功した者はいない\n>\n> 「禁断の地」への冒険\n>\n> ムボウとも言えるその計画にいどむ\n>\n> フォン・ミュラー氏とバレル博士が･･･\n\nI think it means, \" reckless can be said that plan to challenge\", but that\nobviously makes no sense.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-08T23:25:36.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T02:21:14.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T02:21:14.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"relative-clauses",
"anime"
],
"title": "無謀とも言えるその計画に (Reckless can be said that plan to)",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "### The whole text\n\nI suspect this might be easier to parse if we view this as a single piece of\ntext, rather than four statements.\n\n> いまだ成功した者はいない「禁断の地」への冒険、ムボウとも言えるその計画にいどむフォン・ミュラー氏とバレル博士が･･･\n\nThis is complicated grammar, but essentially this is a long descriptive set of\ndependent clauses that all modify the subjects of the sentence,\n\n> フォン・ミュラー氏とバレル博士\n\nWorking backwards from the subject, we see that they are 挑む-ing a 計画.\nEverything before the 計画 is one long clause modifying (describing) the noun\n計画:\n\n> いまだ成功した者はいない「禁断の地」への冒険、ムボウとも言えるその計画\n\nA direct translation of this whole text would be clunky as all get out.\n\n> いまだ成功した者はいない \n> Yet succeeded person there isn't → no one has yet succeeded\n>\n> 「禁断の地」への冒険 \n> Adventure to the \"forbidden land\"\n>\n> ムボウとも言えるその計画にいどむ \n> Taking on a plan that could be called reckless\n>\n> フォン・ミュラー氏とバレル博士が･･･ \n> Von Müller and Professor Barrel are ...\n\n... But as you can see, if we translate it as chopped-up bits, it loses all\nflow and is quite difficult to understand in the English.\n\nHandled as a single text then:\n\n> Von Müller and Professor Barrel are [に挑む → daring to take on] what [とも言える →\n> could be called] a reckless plan, an adventure to a forbidden land\n> [いまだ成功した者はいない → literally, \"no one has yet been successful\", or\n> idiomatically → from which no one has returned] ...\n\n### The construction `XX とも言える YY`\n\nThe crux of your question seems to be about this construction. This basically\nboils down to _\"YY, which could be called XX...\"_\n\n### A note about localizing\n\nThe translation you provided from the \"reporter\" takes some liberties with the\ntext, but this is generally unavoidable with localization, where the goal is\nto produce a target text that reads like something written natively in the\ntarget language. For languages as far apart structurally and idiomatically as\nEnglish and Japanese, localizing almost invariably means some deviance in word\nchoice and construction.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-09T02:20:57.787",
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"body": "> 英語学を続けることのため、アメリカを洋行したは俺が１７歳のときに。\n\nI'm more or less a grammar mess, I started to learn japanese short ago and I\nended up getting really confused about the whole sentence. I wanted to say\nsomething like:\n\n> When I was 17 I traveled to America in order to complete my english studies.\n\nCould you guys help me pretty please?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-09T00:36:35.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65389",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T02:38:11.050",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T02:38:11.050",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this phrase gramatically correct?",
"view_count": 65
}
|
[] |
65389
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In my understanding, the part of speech of a compound word is determined by\nits ultimate morpheme. (複合語の品詞は、後にくる語（形態素）の品詞によって定まります)\n\n> 蒸す(V)＋暑い(Adj) → 蒸し暑い(Adj)\n>\n> 持つ(V)＋物(N) → 持ち物(N)\n\nand a verb in its -ず form can be roughly treated as an adverb.\n\n> 食事をたいらげた ate up a meal\n>\n> 食事を残らずたいらげた ate up a meal completely (without any bit of remain)\n\nHere comes the question. I find compound words ending with verb-ず have a\nvariety of 接続, none of them are used as an adverb, e.g.\n\n> 知らずしらずのうちに (resembles noun＋の＋うち)\n>\n> 役立たずな人 (resembles 形容動詞＋な＋人)\n>\n> 恥知らず者 (resembles イ形容詞＋者)\n\nHow should I understand such a variety of 接続? and when to use which 接続?\n\np.s.\n\n 1. I saw the subtitle \"役立たず共め\" in an anime, saw there is an example sentence \"恥知らずなことをする\" in my dictionary, and therefore I came up this question.\n 2. I found compound words ending with verb-ず pretty versatile; it can be an adverb (in 日本人を恥知らず呼ばわりする外国人を批判する), a na-adjective (in 恥知らずな噓をつく), or a noun I guess? (in 馬鹿で恥知らずの人間になる) These three sentences are found on the Internet.",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"compounds"
],
"title": "grammar - 接続 of compound words ending with verb-ず",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you already know [the masu-stem of some verbs can act as a noun or na-/no-\nadjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010), you can think\nthese ず-words are almost the same except that negation is included as part of\nthe word. That is to say, there are a few lexicalized ず-words that work as\nnouns or na-/no-adjectives. Just like non-negative ones, many ず-words have\nunpredictable meanings, and you have to learn them individually. 役立たず and 恥知らず\nare typical examples, and they can safely work as nouns, na-adjectives and no-\nadjectives.\n\nOther examples:\n\n * 向こう見ず reckless\n * 親知らず wisdom tooth\n * 医者要らず keeping doctor away\n * 水入らず en famille; private\n * 鳴かず飛ばず obscure; inactive; unsuccessful\n * 飲まず食わず without eating and drinking\n * 開かず (as in 開かずの間 locked/sealed room)\n * 寝ず (as in 寝ずの番 night watch)\n\nThis type of ず is integrated in a fossilized expression, and you cannot\narbitrarily add or remove it. For example, 恥知り and 向こう見 mean nothing. (Well,\n飲み食い happens to mean something a bit different...) New words are very rarely\ncoined using this grammar, but\n[おにぎらず](https://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/campanella/20150410/279842/)\nis a fairly new buzzword made from おにぎり.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T08:30:45.267",
"id": "65396",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T10:07:15.040",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T10:07:15.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65394",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
65394
| null |
65396
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "AとB is an exhaustive list, whereas AやB and AやBなど mean A and B and more. (And\nAとBなど feels inconsistent.) But is there a difference between AやB and AやBなど?\n\nAなど means 'something like A' or 'A and the like': removing 'など' would\nsubstantially change the meaning. On the other hand, AやB and AやBなど are\n(exactly / more or less) synonymous.\n\n[Towards a better understanding of\nなど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48518) is related but is\nabout Aなど rather than about AやBなど (it does not have a single 'や' in it).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T07:18:42.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65395",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T10:07:57.820",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T09:18:35.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particle-と",
"particle-や"
],
"title": "Nuance between AやB and AやBなど?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "**For all intents and purposes, I would say using them interchangeably is not\na mistake**. At least I would.\n\nNow if you really want to dig deep, など is simply adding additional emphasis.\n\nThe translation is going to sound weird (because, again, they are pretty much\nthe same), but to give you a rough idea:\n\n * スーパーには、りんごやナシがあります。In the supermarket, there are apples and pears (and so on).\n * スーパーには、りんごやナシ **など** があります。In the supermarket, there are apples and pears _and so on_ (you're explicitly stating it).\n\nAdditionally, など carries the nuance of 例えば (for example):\n\n * スーパーは、りんごやナシがあります。(neutral, but implies you have other things too)\n * スーパーは、りんごやナシ **など** があります。( _for example_ you can find pears and apples, explicitly saying you have other things too).\n\nThe [大辞林 第三版](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%AD%89%E3%83%BB%E6%8A%94-347158)\nstates:\n\n> など \n> ① 多くの事柄の中から、主なものを取りあげて「たとえば」の気持ちをこめて例示する。\n\nWhich highlights the role of as emphasis in a sentence. I would add that it is\nmostly a word you will see written / used in formal situations, and one could\nargue that it is sometimes (overly?) used as a \"stylistic tool\" of writing\n(〜や〜など sounds more formal than 〜や〜).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T11:14:05.657",
"id": "65419",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-11T10:07:57.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65395
| null |
65419
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65834",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **何本か** 重要な電話をかけ、... \n> He made several important phone calls and ...\n\nAs I puzzled about why phone calls might use the counter 本 (see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65399/why-are-phone-\ncalls-cylindrical)) I wondered more generally about how to say several.\n\nIs there a difference between \"何 + counter + か\" and \"数 + counter\"?\n\nIf you don't know what counter to use can you always just use いくつか instead?\n\nI think I may be getting mixed up about which ones are used adjectively and\nwhich ones are used adverbially, or if they can be used both ways.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T16:02:44.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65398",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-04T13:55:46.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T16:39:02.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Different ways to say several",
"view_count": 885
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 何本{なんぼん}か重要{じゅうよう}な電話{でんわ}をかけ、...\n>\n> He made several important phone calls and ...\n\nThe most important thing first.\n\nWhile the English translation above is a valid one, it is grammatically\nstructured differently from the Japanese original.\n\nIn the original, 「何本か」 functions _**adverbially**_ to modify the verb 「かけ」. In\nother words, it does not function adjectivally to modify the noun 「電話」. This\nis why while \" **several important phone calls** \" is a perfectly independent\nand meaningful noun phrase, 「何本か重要な電話」 is _**not**_ because the 「何本か」 is left\nhanging without a verb to modify. Only by changing 「何本か」 to 「何本か **の** 」, it\ncan function adjectivally like \"several\" can in English.\n\nSince 「何本か」 functions adverbially, you can naturally position it directly in\nfront of the verb 「かけ」 and say 「重要な電話を **何本か** かけ」.\n\n> Is there a difference between \"何 + counter + か\" and \"数 + counter\"?\n\nThere is no difference in the sense that both function _**adverbially**_. Just\nlike with the former, you need to add a 「の」 to the latter to make it function\nadjectivally. This is a grammar point on which many J-learners make mistakes.\n\nIt is _**incorrect**_ to say:\n\n「数個みかん」、「数匹犬」、「何枚かピザ」、「何人か日本人」, etc.\n\nIt is only correct to say:\n\n「数個 **の** みかん」、「数匹 **の** 犬」、「何枚か **の** ピザ」、「何人か **の** 日本人」, etc.\n\nVery common mistakes also include:\n\n「ふたつメロンパン」、「みっつリンゴ」, etc. Got to insert a 「の」 into those.\n\n> If you don't know what counter to use can you always just use いくつか instead?\n\nFor only inanimate objects, yes. It will make you sound childish, but what can\nyou do if you do not know the right counter?\n\nIf, however, you used 「いくつか」 to count animate objects (especially humans), you\nwould sound more than childish, so please do not forget the counter 「人{にん}」\nand if all possible, 「名{めい}」 as well.\n\n_**EXCEPTIONS**_ :\n\nProper nouns such as 「六本木{ろっぽんぎ}」、「九十九里浜{くじゅうくりはま}」, etc. Inserting a 「の」 is a\nno-no. No pun intended.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-04T10:43:39.763",
"id": "65834",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-04T13:55:46.193",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65398
|
65834
|
65834
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65411",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> **何本か** 重要な電話をかけ、... \n> He made several important phone calls and ...\n\nOriginally part of [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65398/different-ways-\nto-say-several-and-why-are-phone-calls-cylindrical) but separated due to\n_popular?_ demand.\n\nWhy is the counter 本 used in reference to phone calls?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T16:38:25.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65399",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T22:39:02.810",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T22:21:43.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"counters"
],
"title": "Why are phone calls cylindrical?",
"view_count": 364
}
|
[
{
"body": "Does **_THIS_** answer your question?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m6CEk.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YaLZH.png)\n\nSeems that there are a number of possible explanations though...\n\n 1. Parts of the phone, or the phone itself were cylindrical \n\n 2. Voice was transmitted via wires (long and thin) \n\n 3. The idea of a \"message\" where a written letter would be rolled up into a cylinder (letter -> telegraph -> telephone)",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T16:43:16.743",
"id": "65400",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T17:20:11.757",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T17:20:11.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "To be fair, 本 ＝ 「細長いもの」is a really popular explanation (note that is does not\nimply anything about being round, I think that it is an usual extrapolation\ndue to the fact that physical objects that are long and thin are _usually_\ncylindrical).\n\nBut many usages actually go against this explanation, or a least do not fall\ninto that classification. Consider the following examples:\n\n * 子どもたちに三本のゲームを買ってきた。\n * 彼は三本の新しい企画に取り組んだ。\n * 今年は三本のコンサートに行ったよ。\n\nAs you can see, you really need to stretch your mind **really** far to find\nthe thin, long thing here. At least I cannot find them...\n\nI've made some quick research on the topic and there appears to be academical\nresearch on that topic (!). [Like this one](http://jhlee.sakura.ne.jp/geo-\nbackup/jcpdf/hamano-lee-kurosio.pdf), where they distinguish 6 clusters of\nwords to which 本 applies to.\n\n(for the case of the phone, the \"message\" coming from letter thing seems\nplausible though.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T22:39:02.810",
"id": "65411",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T22:39:02.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65399
|
65411
|
65411
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65402",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There are many authors on YouTube and NicoNico whose names end with the letter\n'P', for example: 鼻そうめんP, 無力P, etc. What does this 'P' stand for? Why do they\nall use it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T16:53:54.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65401",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T22:12:02.080",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T22:12:02.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "32901",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"names",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What does the letter 'P' at the end of an author's pseudonym mean?",
"view_count": 2496
}
|
[
{
"body": "That P (simply read ピー) stands for プロデューサー (\" **P** roducer\"). Traditionally,\nP has been used like a name suffix for a super-high executive in the\nshowbiz/broadcasting/anime industry (someone even higher than a \"D\", or\n監督/director). However, after the success of the [_Idolm@aster_\nfranchise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Idolmaster), where a \"producer\"\nhas a role closer to that of an agent or a manager, this \"P\" suddenly became a\nvery common suffix for amateur creators on YouTube and Nicovideo. You can read\nmore about this on [this Nicopedia\narticle](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC)\n(in Japanese).\n\n> ### 日本の放送業界におけるプロデューサー\n>\n> 日本ではテレビ・ラジオ番組における最高責任者である。\n>\n> ### ニコニコ動画におけるプロデューサー\n>\n> ニコニコ動画では動画製作者、及び動画投稿者（通称：うｐ主）の名前、動画タグに「（名前）P」と表記される。この「P」はproducerのP。\n>\n>\n> アイドルマスターではプレイヤーの名前が「（名前）P」と表示されるため(当初は画面加工の少ないコミュ動画やノーマルPVが多かった)同じ動画投稿者の動画の集約、及び他の投稿者の動画との区別のためタグへの表記が自然発生した。\n>\n>\n> VOCALOIDやUTAU等の歌唱合成ソフトを用いた楽曲や、MikuMikuDanceを用いた動画の投稿者に対しても形を変えて持ち込まれている。VOCALOID系動画投稿者では最初に「(名前)P」\n> が命名されたのはワンカップP（2007年9月頃）であると言われる。ただし、この呼び方が一般化するまでには数ヶ月かかったため、黎明期から活躍している\n> 動画投稿者ではP名が付いていなかったり、あるいは後に付いてもあまり使用されないといった場合が比較的多い（例：OSTER project、ika、kz、\n> ryo）。\n>\n> 一般社会におけるプロデューサーとは「製作総指揮者」であるが、アイドルマスターにおける「プロデューサー」は必ずしもそうではなく、マネージャー\n> の様だったり飼い主やポケモントレーナーの様だったりさまざまである。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T18:28:29.787",
"id": "65402",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T18:37:55.637",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65401",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "It stands for \"Producer\".\n\nIt originates in Idol Master, which is a video game you will play a producer\nto train pop stars. And then music/video creators especially in niconico\n(Vocaloid etc) started to be called with P.\n\nYou can find some posts/dics with these words\n\nP名 (P-mei: P-name)\n\nアイマス (aimasu (Japanese abbreviation for Idol Master))\n\n由来 (yurai: Derivation)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T18:34:34.060",
"id": "65404",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T18:34:34.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32244",
"parent_id": "65401",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65401
|
65402
|
65402
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65408",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From what I understood, both **速さ{はやさ}** and **速度{そくど}** means \"speed\". Some\nsay that they are synonyms (just like _speed_ and _velocity_ in English), but\nI guess there is a nuance between them, isn't it ?\n\n**速さ{はやさ}** comes from the adjective **速い{はやい}** , like other adjectives (\n**長い{ながい}** : **長さ{ながさ}** , **深い{ふかい}** : **深さ{ふかさ}**...), while **速度{そくど}**\nis the combination of two kanjis :\n[**速{そく}**](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%80%9F#Kanji) (speed),\n[**度{ど}**](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A6#Japanese)(degree).\n\nCan I guess anything based on the words etymology, or is the nuance between\nthem is more subtle ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T19:40:20.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65407",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T03:55:31.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T03:45:29.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"etymology",
"word-usage",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between 速さand 速度?",
"view_count": 371
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say there is no difference, at least in everyday language. Maybe 速さ\nhas a slightly more casual feel to it... at least I see more myself using 速さ\nthan 速度 in a daily conversation.\n\nNow, 速度 is **velocity** and 速さ **speed**. That means that in the field of\nphysics, they _are_ indeed different, namely:\n\n * velocity is a vector, including not only a value but a direction\n * speed is a scalar quantity (the magnitude of the velocity)\n\nedit: just confirmed on\n[wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6)\n\n> 日常語としての速度と速さはほとんど区別なく使われている [...] 対して、物理学においては、速さ（英語:\n> speed）と速度（velocity）を厳密に区別する",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T19:54:14.910",
"id": "65408",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T19:54:14.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "As a single word, Nicolas Couvrat is true. \nBut when including combination with 速い/遅い, there is a difference.\n\n速さ includes the meaning of 'fast' (<=> 遅さ), whereas 速度 is neutral. \nSo we say 速度が遅い, but we don't say 速さが遅い。\n\nExample:\n\n1.「見てよ！ この電車の速さ！」= \"Look! How fast this train moves!\"\n\n2.「見てよ！ この電車の速度！」= \"Look! This train's speed!\"\n\nThis \"速度\" of 2. can mean slow (like talking about legacy train in rural area).\nIf you want to explicitly say slow\n\n「見てよ！ この電車の遅さ！」= \"Look! How slow this train moves!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T03:23:12.490",
"id": "65414",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T03:55:31.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T03:55:31.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "32244",
"parent_id": "65407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65407
|
65408
|
65408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In a comic book (犬夜叉) I found a plain\n\n> どれ…\n\nin a situation when a person sees that something bad happened. Somebody got\ninjured and the spectator apparently asks, who could have possibly done this.\nI am just wondering why it’s どれ and not だれ or なに. It is a completely\nunexpected event and there are no offenders to be picked from.\n\nIs どれ used this way? The closest I could find was an example in a dictionary\n\n> 「缶を開けて。」「どれで。」\n\nBut that didn’t satisfy me enough.\n\nAnother option is that I got the meaning completely wrong or that it’s not the\nsame „what“ どれ.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HMCuD.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T22:24:52.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65410",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T23:33:55.763",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-09T23:33:55.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"manga"
],
"title": "Can どれ mean plain what/who without selection?",
"view_count": 37
}
|
[] |
65410
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65413",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Another phrase from 犬夜叉 that is puzzling me is やなこった. Apparently it means\nsomething as there is a quite lot of results on the\n[interwebz](https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%22%E3%82%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%93%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%22).\nThey are not much of a help though.\n\nI saw it in a comic, where a character explains that he wants to fight alone\nwithout a girl that has been only a nuisance. So I though that it would be\nsomething like 嫌な子. The common usage together with the った confuses me though.\n\nIs it possible that this mean something en bloc? If that’s not the case, what\nis the meaning of that った? I guess it can be something like: „I have already\nsaid that the girl is only a nuisance“ But I am not sure.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V44Ly.jpg)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T23:48:30.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65412",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T16:04:44.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T00:32:04.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"expressions",
"manga"
],
"title": "Is やなこった just 嫌な子, or does it mean something as a whole?",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "やなこった is a slang term that means \"no way\" (as in \"no way Jose\"). As pointed\nout in a comment, this is etymologically a contracted/emphasized pronunciation\nof 嫌なことだ.\n\nIn my opinion, this word form is no longer \"alive\" in my generation unless in\na jestful manner. It's a typical older Tokyo inner city dialect\n([下町言葉](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89))\nthat is, today, mostly used by some fictional characters (like 犬夜叉, who\ngenerally carries the trait). Or you can see it living in especially early\nvolumes of Doraemon etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T01:43:36.113",
"id": "65413",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T16:04:44.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T16:04:44.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "65412",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
65412
|
65413
|
65413
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a native English speaker and taking Kumon's Japanese for 小学校1年生 class\n(which is an adventure lol), and it's trying to teach me about 修飾語 right now.\nI looked up 修飾語 and everything I can find is telling me that 修飾語 is a\n\"modifier\" in English. Ok, that makes sense.\n\nBut one of the example sentences in my homework is 女の子がボールをなげる。And it\nidentifies ボールを as the 修飾語, modifying なげる。But I'm pretty sure that in English,\nin \"the girl throws the ball\", \"ball\" would be the direct object. Direct\nobjects can't be modifiers, can they?\n\nI've managed to thoroughly confuse myself. Am I misunderstanding how modifiers\nwork? Are 修飾語 slightly different from modifiers in English? What is happening?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T06:14:45.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65415",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T16:13:02.297",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T16:13:02.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32907",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Are 修飾語 in Japanese different from 'modifier' in English?",
"view_count": 385
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your logic doesn't work when you compare \"ball\" with ボールを instead of ボール\nitself. Is \"at him\" as in \"the girl throws the ball at him\" a modifier? If so,\nボールを is no different.\n\nNow, \"him\" and ボール are an indirect object and a direct object respectively.\nHowever, \"at him\" and ボールを work adverbially to specify information about the\nverb, i.e. you throw not other things or to other directions but a ball at\nhim, as well as 白い花 indicates not other flowers but white one, in other words,\na modifier for the verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T09:05:57.420",
"id": "65418",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T09:05:57.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "65415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In a site like this, direct objects are usually called direct objects in\nEnglish, and 直接目的語 in Japanese. However, in linguistic terms, they _are_\nmodifiers that modify verbs, both in English and in Japanese. You can read\nabout it in this Wikipedia article: [Head\n(linguistics)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)). To take\nthe sentence \"He plays the guitar\" for instance, _he_ is usually called a\nsubject, but it's also a modifier that modifies the verb _plays_. And _the\nguitar_ is usually called an object, but it's also a modifier that modifies\nthe verb _plays_. Likewise, in this sense, one can say 女の子(が) and ボール(を) are\nboth modifiers that are modifying the verb 投げる.\n\nEither way, in most cases, you can treat \"modifier\" and \"修飾語\" as exactly the\nsame concept. I think you believe typical modifiers look [like\nthese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_modifier#Types), and most\nJapanese people believe these are the typical 修飾語, too. If you ask a Japanese\nperson \"Is this ボールを a 修飾語?\", they probably say \"No it's a 目的語 (object)\". But\nplease keep in mind that the word \"modifier\" itself can be used in a bit\ntricky manner by some experts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T12:29:13.450",
"id": "65420",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T15:39:52.447",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T15:39:52.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65415
| null |
65418
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why does\n\nどんな危険 - what danger\n\nどんな危険も - any danger\n\nIs this a grammar point, this is the sentence that confused me:\n\nここはどんな危険もないよ = There is no danger here\n\nも is after the noun of 危険 , is the も still linking with the どんな?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T07:59:38.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65416",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T17:49:51.100",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T09:36:29.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "27669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-も",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "どんな危険 vs どんな危険も Confusion",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "Are you sure that \"ここはどんな危険もないよ\" is a grammatically correct sentence? \nCompare to \"どんな\", \"ここは **なんの** 危険もないよ\" seems more natural.\n\n'どんな _noun_ **で** も' is a good phrase, means \"even if the worst situation\". \ne.g. どんな人でもこれができる。 Everyone can do that. \ne.g. どんな危険でも俺を阻むことができない。 There is no danger can stop me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T14:05:20.373",
"id": "65422",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T14:05:20.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15950",
"parent_id": "65416",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I think you are comparing the wrong things. As you pointed out, どんな危険 is\nindeed a question. But どんな危険 **も** no longer has anything to do with a\nquestion.\n\nExplaining the usage of も is really difficult as it carries a lot of nuance.\nThe basic explanation (that you will find in most textbooks) is of course that\nも is used to list different things and group them together ( a parallel adder\nof sorts):\n\n休みの時は、山も海も人でいっぱいだ。This creates a single category out of moutain and sea, then\nqualifies them as \"full of people\".\n\nUsing this explanation, we can offer a first interpretation of どんな危険も : どんな危険\nis essentially a shorthand for ''any type of danger'' ( you could say\n危険Aも危険Bも…危険Zもないよ, but that's absurd because you yourself do not know what\ndangers are out there, so you just leave it up to the imagination of the\nperson you are talking to and use どんな instead). Given this, どんな危険 **も** ない\ncreates a category with _all_ dangers and says there are none.\n\nNow, I mentionned も carries a more subtle meaning: it can be used to make your\nlistener / reader _imagine that_ there are other things without you\n_explicitly_ stating them. This is one of the big differences with は。Consider\nthe two following sentences:\n\n * 今日もかわいいね。\n * 今日(は)かわいいね。\n\nCan you see the difference? (If you don't, I advise you to try with a Japanese\ngirl. It will not disappoint!) Basically, も here implies that the following\nstatement (かわいいね) applies * not only* to today, but * also* to every other\nday. On the other hand, は emphasizes 今日, essentially implying that the\nstatement might not be true the other days... hence the effect I was talking\nabove.\n\nIn that sense, if you were to say どんな危険はないよ, I would probably hear it as\n\"there are no dangers but... (there might be something else)\" -- which kinds\nof goes against the effect you were looking for (make me feel safe).\n\nThe are other usages to も、such as 簡単な仕事だったのに、500ドルも貰ったよ。, but I won't go over\nthem here as they do not relate directly to your question.\n\n**Long story short** : there is more to も than meets the eye :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T17:49:51.100",
"id": "65423",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T17:49:51.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65416",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65416
| null |
65423
|
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