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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I commented in a Japanese Youtube video of a game. I said not to release it\nglobally because it's just a chibi version of an already released game and\nthey replied to me with チビバージョンは草. And when I used a translator it says \"chibi\nof grass\". I guess it's wrong. Can you help me plz?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T08:55:27.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65417",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T13:03:40.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T11:00:52.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32910",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What does チビバージョンは草 sentence means?",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[
{
"body": "チビバージョンは草 basically means \"(the phrase) チビバージョン is funny\", but said in a\nslangy way. See the following questions for the meaning of this 草.\n\n * [「○○は草」とはどういう意味でしょうか？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60234/5010)\n * [What does the internet slang \"草生えた\" mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9940/5010)\n\nPerhaps you wanted to say something like \"mini version (of the game)\"? Then\nyou chose a wrong word. チビ is used to describe someone's height, and it tends\nhave a negative/pejorative overtone unless it's used to refer to [this art\nstyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibi_\\(slang\\)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T12:56:41.923",
"id": "65421",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T13:03:40.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T13:03:40.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65417",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65417
| null |
65421
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65430",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> キノック 「なあ アーロン この10年 なにをしていた？\n>\n> アーロン 「作戦が始まる そんな話はいいだろう\n>\n> キノック 「どうせ失敗する作戦だ 「少しでも長く夢を見させてやるさ\n\nIt's from the game Final Fantasy X, the scene before Operation Mi'ihen. It's\nthe operation to destroy the creature \"Sin\", the world evil. Kinoc (キノック) is\nin charge of the operation. Both Aaron (アーロン) and Kinoc know that operation is\ndoomed.\n\nI can't understand that 話 means in this context.\n\nDoes Aaron refer to this question - \"この10年 なにをしていた？\", then 話 would mean \"talk\"\nor he refers to this part - \"作戦が始まる\" and then 話 would mean \"state of affairs\"?\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Kinoc: Tell me, Aaron. What have you been doing these ten years?\n>\n> Aaron: The operation begins. **I quess you're pleased with it's going like\n> that.**\n\nOR\n\n> **I wonder if such a talk would be appropriate.**\n>\n> Kinoc: It's a failure plan anyway. We'll let them dream just a little\n> longer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T19:14:51.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65424",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T04:18:34.840",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-10T20:13:29.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "31618",
"owner_user_id": "31618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 話 mean here?",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "Hard to tell without the full context. Judging from the last line, I would go\nfor option 1. Something like:\n\nー Can I ask you what you did for the past 10years? (Ironic, implying ''you did\nnot do much, did you?\")\n\nー My grand plan is almost in motion. Leave me alone. / stop bothering me. (the\nnuance here being '' stop implying that I did nothing, as my plan is soon to\nbring great results \")\n\nー I'm sure that \"great plan\" will fail... but I'll allow you to daydream a\nlittle while longer (more irony there)\n\nPerhaps confirm that it works with the full context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T19:21:54.237",
"id": "65425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-10T19:21:54.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "そんな話 refers to the topic of アーロンがこの10年何をしていたか. \nThe 話 is more like 話題, topic.\n\n～はいい(だろう) here means \"Forget about...\" \"Never mind...\" \nいい can mean \"not important\" \"doesn't matter\" (どうでもいい) or \"unnecessary\"\n\"enough\" (もういい). \neg 「その話はもう **いい** 。」\"Let's not discuss it anymore.\" \n「皿洗いなんか **いい** から。」\"Forget about washing-up.\"\n\n> Kinoc: Tell me, Aaron. What have you been doing these ten years?\n>\n> Aaron: The(=Our) operation begins (now / soon). Forget about it (=the topic\n> of what I've been doing) \n> (Implying it's not the right time to talk about it. And using そんな makes it\n> sound like he doesn't really want to talk about it)\n>\n> Kinoc: It's a failure plan anyway. We'll let them dream just a little\n> longer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T03:25:58.430",
"id": "65430",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T04:18:34.840",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-11T04:18:34.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65424
|
65430
|
65425
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand this sentence means \"there should be other things.\" But I just\ncan't wrap my head into its structure. If I parse the sentence like:\n\n 1. ほか ＋ にも, I can't explain the に here.\n\n 2. ほかに ＋ も, then the sentence is missing the subject because ほかに (in addition) is adverb.\n\nPlease show me how to parse the structure of this sentence. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T21:04:59.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65426",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T05:16:36.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "まだほかにもある what is the subject in this sentence?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "まだほかにもある doesn't contain a subject in it; まだ is an adverb, and ほかにも is an\nadverbial phrase.\n\nほかにも consists of noun ほか + case particle に + adverbial/binding particle も.\n\nほか is a noun, and ほかに is an adverbial phrase, \"in addition\" or \"other than\nthat\". も is another particle adding the meaning \"also\" or \"still\". For the\nnoun ほか to be a subject, you need to say ほかが/ほかは/ほかも, not ほかに/ほかにも/ほかには.\n\neg\n\n> ほかにもまだ仕事があります。← 仕事 is the subject. \n> \"There still is work, other than that.\" → \"We have more work to do.\"\n>\n> これで全部ですか？ -- いいえ。まだほかにもあります。 ← The subject is not mentioned. \n> \"Is that all?\" -- \"No. There still is, other than that.\" → \"We still have\n> more [something unmentioned].\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T04:56:29.043",
"id": "65431",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T05:16:36.273",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-11T05:16:36.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65426",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65426
|
65431
|
65431
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65473",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both of those particles can mean \"too\", \"even\" or \"any\" (when used with wh-\nquestion). Do they have any difference in meaning or connotation when used\nlike this? E.g. `私もフランスに行きたい` vs `私だってフランスに行きたい`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T23:18:35.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T13:20:47.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Difference between も and だって",
"view_count": 543
}
|
[
{
"body": "だって doesn't mean \"too\" or \"also\" but only \"even\" or \"any\".\n\nSo, you can't say あなただって行きたいですか？ for \"Do you want to go too?\" or reply as\n私だって行きたい to \"Do you want to go together?\" though you can say あなただって行きたいでしょう？\nfor \"You would like to go there even if you were in the position, wouldn't\nyou?\".\n\nYou might want translate 私だって行きたい as \"I want to go too\" but more precisely\nit's \"even if I were in your position, I'd like to go\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T08:00:31.043",
"id": "65467",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T08:00:31.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "65427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "も and だって are different.\n\nだって is an informal version of でも and is used in the same way, i.e. Noun+でも =\neven (the noun). も merely expresses 'too' or 'also' when combined with a noun.\nSo the difference is as follows:\n\n> > 私もフランスに行きたい。 I also want to go to France.\n>>\n\n>> 私だってフランスに行きたい。Even I (would) want to go to France.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T13:20:47.060",
"id": "65473",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T13:20:47.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65427
|
65473
|
65473
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I want to write ‘Today I went to Nagoya.’ Which one is correct?\n\n * 今日は名古屋に行くった。 Or\n * 今日は名古屋に行った。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-10T23:26:17.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65428",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T08:50:50.557",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-11T08:50:50.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"past",
"irregularities-exceptions"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 行くった and 行った or is the first one grammatically wrong?",
"view_count": 367
}
|
[
{
"body": "It can only be 行った. I can't think of any situation where 行くった would be\nmeaningful.\n\nThe verb 行く is slightly irregular. Normally, for a verb ending in く you would\nreplace the く with いた to form the past tense. e.g. 書く -> 書いた.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T08:05:13.963",
"id": "65433",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T08:05:13.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65428
| null |
65433
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to translate plain form + ばかり? And what's the difference between plain\nform + ばかり vs. te form + ばかり?\n\nFor example: 赤ちゃんが泣いてばかりいます。In my understanding this means \"The baby is always\ncrying/does nothing but cry\".\n\ncan I say 赤ちゃんが泣くばかりです。And if yes, how would it be different from the above?\n\nFinally, is one form more common than the other or are both commonly used? I\nmostly see grammar explanations for the te form version, but I also found\nexamples with the plain form (without also finding a clear explanation of the\ndifference).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T01:42:19.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65429",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T06:18:03.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-ばかり"
],
"title": "plain form + bakari vs. te form + bakari",
"view_count": 1583
}
|
[
{
"body": "「て形+ばかり」and 「辞書形+ばかり」have one thing in common: they both are used with a\nnegative connotation, i.e. they show the negative opinion of the speaker\ntowards something. As such, they are similar but have slightly different\nusages:\n\n**「て形+ばかり」**\n\nIs used to say \"always\" or \"many, many times\", but with a negative meaning,\ni.e. _too much_. Examples:\n\n * 彼は一日中テレビ見てばかりいるよ。He is watching TV all day (and should do something else)\n * 最近は忙しすぎて、インスタントラーメン食べてばかりの毎日だ。I'm eating only instant ramen (and I know it's bad for me)\n\nNote that you could also use it at _N + ばかり + V_ as in:\n\n * 最近は忙しくて、インスタントラーメンばかり食べている (same meaning as above)\n\n**「辞書形+ばかり」**\n\nExpresses the fact that a (bad) change is ongoing, or that something changed\nstate and then stayed that way. Or that some state is staying the way it is\nfor a long time (this is the usage that looks similar to the て form. I would\nsay the nuance is that a) it emphasizes the fact that some kind of change led\nto this and b) it stresses the fact that something is staying the way it is\nrather than happening often -- if someone disagrees, feel free to comment).\n\n * 近頃、体調が悪くなるばかりだ (the fact that my health is getting worse is an ongoing bad change) \n * 結婚のことでもやもやするばかりだ。(meaning similar to what you would get using もやもやしてばかり, but I would say the nuance is that you started もやもや one day in the past and _stayed that way_ until today, whereas the て form would be that starting from one day in the past you had many もやもや _episodes_ until today) \n\nAs to your question, I would say that ないてばかり feels more natural to me. 泣くばかり\nsounds a bit like it started one day and never stopped... but as I said above,\nthe two forms can sometimes look alike, so someone else might have a different\ninterpretation.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T22:43:16.390",
"id": "65458",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T22:43:16.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think the biggest difference between the two is that **「V辞書形+ばかり」** is used\nwhen the verb has caused a state change and that change is continuing to\nhappen. As mentioned in the answer by Nicholas Couvrat, it's generally used\nnegatively. I.e. something bad is continuing to happen.\n\n * 増えるばかり ~~増えてばかり~~ : something increased and is _continuing_ to increase\n\n * 悪くなるばかり ~~悪くなってばかり~~ : something got worse and is _continuing_ to get worse\n\n * 加速するばかり ~~加速してばかり~~ : something accelerated and is _continuing_ to accelerate\n\nAnother to note is that **「V辞書形+ばかり」** can mean \"V is the only thing one can\ndo/is left to do\"\n\n * [死を **待つばかり**](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%AD%BB%E3%82%92%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A4%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A): (I) can only await death\n\n * From a [Japanese translation](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%B6%AF-%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC/dp/4887241925) of [Roses from the Earth: Biography of Anne Frank](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0140276289) (you can find it by searching [Shonagon](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/)): \n\n> * 衛生状態は救いがたいまでに悪化、その劣悪さは目を **おおわしむるばかり** となった。 - Here the Japanese\n> translation captures the lack of choices available. Note that おおわしむる is\n> 覆わしむる which means the same as 覆わせる.\n> * Hygienic conditions reached their horrifying low when the corpses of\n> thousands of victims were simply left lying in the compound.\n\nAnother thing to note is that it doesn't have to be negative in meaning (for\nexample よくなるばかり is very rare but is grammatical):\n\n * [今後の活躍を切に **願うばかりだ**](https://mayonez.jp/topic/5687): From the bottom of my heart, I pray for your (success in) future activities\n\n* * *\n\n**「て形+ばかり」** is used when something happens repetitively. It is also used\nprimarily negatively.\n\nExamples [from here (which also has a nice\nimage)](http://www.edewakaru.com/archives/9620981.html):\n\n * 彼女は勉強し **てばかりいる** : she is always studying (and doing nothing else and thus is boring)\n * お父さんは休みの日は **寝てばかりいる** : my father is always sleeping on his off days (and doesn't do things like spend time with family etc)\n * ジュースを **飲んでばかりだ** : (he) only drinks juices (instead of drinking something better for him)\n\nLastly, ~てばかり+いる/います is possible with the same meaning, but V辞書形+ばかり+いる/います is\nnot.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T06:12:19.700",
"id": "65532",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T06:18:03.587",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T06:18:03.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65429
| null |
65532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Chapter 11 of the Genki textbook, it's stated that に can be used to\nindicate the role you want something to play. The example sentence given was:\n\n> お土産 **に** 絵葉書を買いました。\n\nHowever, I am a bit confused as I was unable to find this particular usage of\nthe に particle elsewhere. Could someone please clarify this issue for me?\n\nAlso, I was under the impression that the で particle is used to give context\nto things. So is it possible to replace に with で in the example sentence\nabove?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T07:35:36.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65432",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-27T01:23:21.363",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-27T01:23:21.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "32918",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "に to indicate the role you want something to play?",
"view_count": 318
}
|
[
{
"body": "に cannot be replaced by で in the above sentence.\n\nIt is really hard to pin down the exact translation of に because it has many,\n**many** usages. As a rule of thumb though, に emphasizes the goal / end point\nof an action. You could formulate it as _purpose_ in your case. Another\nsimilar example would be:\n\n * 父の遺産は家のリフォームに使いたいと思います。I want to use my father's heritage in order to renovate my house (goal)\n\nOn the other hand, で means \"to use\" and / or emphasizes the usage of something\nas a means to an end. For instance:\n\n * ２時間で走りきった。I \"used\" two hours to run the entire distance\n * お金で買いました。I used money to buy it.\n\nAs you can see from the last example, using で in お土産 **で** ハガキを買いました sounds\nlike you _used_ souvenirs _in order to_ buy postcards...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T22:48:13.277",
"id": "65442",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-11T22:48:13.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25789",
"parent_id": "65432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> I was unable to find this particular usage of the に particle elsewhere.\n\nMaybe you could try a monolingual dictionary...? For example, 明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> に 〘格助〙 \n> ➊㋖資格や見立て、名目などを表す。…として。 [...] 「本を[枕]{まくら} **に** する」「お土産 **に** 菓子をもらう」「お礼\n> **に** ひとこと」\n\nThis に can usually be rephrased as として. It can usually be translated to \"as~\"\nor \"for~\". \n本を枕にする -- use a book **as** a pillow \nお土産に菓子をもらう -- given sweets **as** a souvenir/gift \nお礼にひとこと -- a word **as** expression of gratitude -> say something to show\none's gratitude \nSo.. as your textbook says, the に is used to indicate the role one wants\nsomething to play: one makes 本 play the role of 枕, 菓子 the role of 土産, and ひとこと\nthe role of お礼.\n\nOr maybe you could try\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%AB/#je-56984):\n\n> に \n> 7 〔…として〕as; for \n> 親切にしてもらったお礼 (の印) **に** 彼らを招待した \n> He invited them 「as a token of his gratitude for [in return for] their\n> kindness. \n> 誕生祝い **に** 時計をもらった \n> He was given a watch for his birthday.\n\n> I was under the impression that the で particle is used to give context to\n> things. So is it possible to replace に with で in the example sentence above?\n\nGrammatically speaking, I think 「お土産/プレゼント/お礼 **に** ～」 is the correct usage,\nand using に sounds more correct to me (of course..), but I occasionally\nhear/say things like 「お土産 **で** XXをもらった」「これ、誕生日のプレゼント **で** もらった」 etc. in\ncasual conversation... (I don't hear/say 「お礼 **で** ひとこと」「XXをYYのお礼 **で**\n差し上げる」, though...) So.. I think it'd be probably okay to say\n「お土産・プレゼントで～～あげた・もらった」 in casual speech but you should use ～～に in formal\nspeech, writing, exams, etc.",
"comment_count": 5,
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] |
65432
| null |
65446
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65437",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this example sentence,\n\n[時計]{とけい}がないので[家中]{かちゅう}を捜{さが}した。 \nI searched all over the house for the missing watch.\n\nJim Breen's WWWJDIC (and Jisho, and tangorin.com) list 家中 【うちじゅう; かちゅう(家中);\nいえじゅう】 whole family; all (members of) the family; all over the house\n\nThe suggestion\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD/#je-5520) seems\nto suggest that it 家中 is read うちじゅう\n\nDo these various readings have different meanings or registers?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T09:43:36.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65434",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-11T12:49:02.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "Are there differences in meaning or formality in the various readings of 家中?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "家中{うち/いえじゅう} has two meanings. One is \"an entire house\", the other is \"all\npeople living in a house\".\n\n家中{かちゅう} has three meanings. One is \"the inside of a house\", another is \"all\npeople living in the house\", and the other is \"generic name of vassals of a\nfeudal lord in Edo period\".\n\nHowever 家中{かちゅう} is rarely used in present days as the meanings of \"the inside\nof a house\", \"all people living in the house\"\n\nSource: <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/jn/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-11T17:52:27.743",
"id": "65437",
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] |
65434
|
65437
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65437
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65436",
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"body": "I get that どうか alone means something along the lines of \"please\", but what\nhappens when you add じゃない as a suffix? I've seen this being used before but I\ncan't quite place my finger on what it might mean. \nThe full sentence would be それでもやれるかどうかじゃない.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T16:40:47.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65435",
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"last_editor_user_id": "32925",
"owner_user_id": "32925",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does どうかじゃない mean?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "それでもやれるかどうかじゃない = 'Even so, it's not about whether you can/are able to do it\nor not.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T17:47:37.353",
"id": "65436",
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"score": 2
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65435
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65436
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65436
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"body": "I came across the word ケーブルカー, or cable-car.\n\nBased on the pronunciation I have, the ブ and ル are pronounced like one\nsyllable (like 'brr') instead of two like I expected ('bu ru').\n\nIs this an exception or is the second pronunciation correct (or am I wrong all\ntogether)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T18:26:44.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65438",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T16:03:19.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Are words always pronounced as spelled?",
"view_count": 315
}
|
[
{
"body": "It can't be said clearly which. It doesn't have 2 syllables like it has in\nEnglish, but also doesn't ignore both of 2 \"u\"s.\n\nI think close one for ケーブルカー is [ke-burka-]. Even though, this \"r\" should be\npronounced with \"u\" mouth. So even a vowel is actually silent, you need to\nshape your mouth for that vowel like whispering. (of course sounding it is\nalso okay) \n \n\nExamples\n\n規定 [kite-](rule): first \"i\" isn't a syllable but mouth has to be shaped い. \n心 [kokoro](heart): first \"o\" isn't a syllable but mouth has to be shaped お. \n \n\nIn phrases\n\nよろしくお願いします： first し and last す doesn't have vowel sound \nはじめまして: last し doesn't have vowel sound",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T14:34:10.897",
"id": "65451",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T16:03:19.920",
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"score": 1
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{
"body": "**(1)** ケーブルカー \nThe specific word you mention is pronounced as written. Perhaps what is making\nit sound a little different is that the accent in the word occurs on the 4th\nmora, on the ル. That naturally gives the 'ru' sound a slight emphasis as the\npitch of the word goes from high to low on that sound. So while it is not the\ncase that the ブル is pronounced as 'br', there is an accent on the 'ru'.\n\n* * *\n\n**(2)** Kana are not **always** pronounced as spelled but in the majority of\ncases they are. There are exceptions, of course. Here are some common ones:\n\n**'Long Vowels'** : So-called 'long vowels' occur in sounds such as とう where\nit is pronounced as とー (e.g. おとうさん is pronounced おとーさん rather than おと'u'さん\nwith a full う sound).\n\n**Polyphonic characters** : Another obvious example is the Hiragana characters\nは and へ. When は is a topic marker it is pronounced 'wa' and when へ is a\nparticle indicating motion it is pronounced as 'e'.\n\n**Devoicing** : Sometimes words contain devoiced sounds such as the す in the\nます verb ending or the す in すき.\n\nI'm sure there are more examples, but my point is that while these exceptions\ndo exist, the majority of Japanese words are pronounced as they are written.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T13:46:18.537",
"id": "65475",
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] |
65438
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65451
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"body": "As far as I know all じる verbs are supposed to be 一段.\n\nI found an interesting set of rules online:\n\n> Does the verb end in る? \n> No → 五段 \n> Yes → Does it have an e or i sound before the る? \n> No → 五段 \n> Yes → Is the e or i sound part of the okurigana of the verb? \n> Yes → 一段 \n> No → Could be both.\n\nAnd someone posted the following counter examples to rule 3:\n\n混じる (まじる) \n脂ぎる (あぶらぎる) \n捩じる (ねじる) \n抓める (つめる)\n\nSo I looked it up and found a few explanations for why these aren't valid\nexamples.\n\n脂ぎる seems like it's just 脂 + きる (unsure which kanji). \n捩じる is 捩る or maybe some funky 二段/四段/s-irregular stuff. (Still wondering\nthough, because じる was made for 一段.) \n抓める is 抓る.\n\nI found that 混じる can also be 混る, but that spelling is listed in no dictionary.\n\nSo am I just ass-pulling stuff, or is the rule wrong or is まじる really special?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-11T23:53:19.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65443",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-06T01:01:20.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "Why is まじる a 五段 verb?",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't know about the rule but 混じる does conjugate like a ichidan verb.\n\n> 混じます, 混じない, 混じて\n\nIf it walks like a duck ...\n\nWeirdly, on jisho.org it says its a godan verb but with inflections like an\nichidan verb",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-05T17:32:36.803",
"id": "70572",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-05T17:42:18.737",
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"parent_id": "65443",
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"score": -2
},
{
"body": "Many `on-reading + じる` verbs are indeed ichidan verbs, e.g., 信じる, 感じる, 念じる,\n演じる. This じる is etymologically just する. Note that these verbs have zuru-ending\nvariations like 信ずる. See: [Origin of 信じる, 感じる,\netc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11451/5010)\n\nHowever, まじる has nothing to do with this rule. まじる is a plain godan verb whose\nstem happens to include じ. Likewise, かじる, もじる and ねじる are godan verbs.\n\nThere is a rare verb こんじる, which is also written as 混じる in kanji. Since こん is\nan on-reading, this conjugates as an ichidan verb, and has a variation,\n混ずる（こんずる）. This is used only in highly stiff documents.\n\n混る【まじる】 is a rare spelling variant of 混じる【まじる】, and it's perhaps considered\nnonstandard by today's standards. Omission of okurigana has nothing to do with\nthe type of the verb. See: [What's the difference between 落す and\n落とす?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36568/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-06T00:49:11.507",
"id": "70579",
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65443
| null |
70579
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{
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"body": "I'm reading **`イン. ザ. プール`** , where I found the following clause in one of\nits lines:\n\n> 身体の不調を **訴え連日通いつめる** 和雄\n\nI roughly translated it to **\"Kazuo who strictly complains about his bad\nhealth on a daily basis.\"**\n\nWhat I don't understand is 「 **訴え連日通いつめる** 」\n\n> **1:** I feel like there are 3 words here and not just 1: 訴え、連日、通い, if\n> that's the case, why there is no particles in between them?\n>\n> **2:** If I understand correctly, **つめる is modifying 身体の不調** , but if that\n> is the case, what is the function of **訴え連日通い** here? Is it working like an\n> adverb and modifying **つめる**?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T00:07:28.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65444",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T02:33:39.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Is 訴え連日通い a single word? If not, why no particles in between?",
"view_count": 512
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can parse it as...\n\n> ｛身体の不調を訴え｝｛連日通いつめる｝和雄\n\n和雄 does two actions: 体の不調を訴える \"complains about health problem / says he\ndoesn't feel well\" and 連日通いつめる \"visits (somewhere) on consecutive days / every\nday\".\n\n訴え here is the continuative form (連用形) of the verb 訴える. 連用形 can connect verb\nphrases or clauses, like the て form. \nThe phrase can be rephrased as 「身体の不調を訴え **て** 、連日～～」, using the て form.\n\n連日 is a noun, and can function adverbially, like 毎日, 今日, 来年 etc. \neg 「 **毎日** 、学校に通っています。」「 **連日** 働きづめです。」\n\n通いつめる, \"pay frequent visits\", is a compound verb consisting of 通う (visit) +\n詰める (do ~~ continuously, frequently, completely, thoroughly, etc.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T02:09:43.187",
"id": "65445",
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65444
|
65445
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65445
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"body": "Is anyone able to explain why the verbal noun 乗り換え does not take -suru, but\ninstead becomes 乗り換える?\n\nCheers,\n\nLuke",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T04:13:43.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65447",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T08:21:04.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"nouns"
],
"title": "乗り換え verbal noun does not take -する, instead 乗り換える?",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "乗り換え is a noun coming from the verb 乗り換える.\n\nWhat you're trying to do is a bit like taking the English noun\n'transformation' and turning it into the verb 'to transformation' instead of\nusing the source verb 'to transform'.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-12T08:21:04.357",
"id": "65448",
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65447
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65448
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"body": "When foreign words or proper names are used in Japanese, some modifications\nare necessary, in particular a lot of vowels are introduced. E.g. 'plastic'\n(two syllables) becomes プラスチック (five). In this case, it is not that the three\n/u/ will turn out to be unvoiced: this vowel was chosen precisely to yield a\npronunciation not too different from 'plastic' -- it is unvoiced by design so\nto speak.\n\nSo are there either formal rules or a tendency to silence these vowels to be\nas close as possible to the original? Or is there no special status?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T11:18:34.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65449",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"loanwords",
"vowels"
],
"title": "Unvoiced vowels in katakana: special case?",
"view_count": 509
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have several other syllables that can be unvoiced for pronunciation\nreasons like キ or ト. The perfect example would be the word for Christianity\nwhich is キリスト教 (pronounced きりすときょう). Here, the 「キ」 corresponds to the 'Ch' so\nthe 'i' is unvoiced. The same goes for 「ト」which corresponds to the 't' in\n'Christ'.\n\nLoanwords use the Japanese syllabary so you can't put a consonant alone: you\nhave to use another syllable whose vowel can be unvoiced. As a general\ntendency, syllables ending with 'u' have got it unvoiced. For the た行, you\nshould use 「ト」 and not 「ツ」 (e.g. トラウマ, trauma) and, where the か行 is concerned,\n「ク」is the most used one, but 「キ」can be used sometimes (as you can see in the\nfirst example).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-12T13:25:56.333",
"id": "65450",
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"body": "As far as I know, there is no special status. Vowels in loanwords are unvoiced\nin the same contexts that vowels in other types of words are unvoiced: that\nis, typically high vowels surrounded by unvoiced consonants (or at the end of\na word after an unvoiced consonant).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T23:38:54.303",
"id": "65460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T23:38:54.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30606",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The devoicing of vowels in Japanese is determined by the internal phonological\nenvironment of Japanese words. There is a relatively small set of\ncircumstances under which it happens, e.g. [the vowels 'i' and\n'u'](https://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/pitch-accent-and-\nvowel-devoicing/) are often devoiced between two voiceless consonants (くつ) or\n[following a voiceless\nconsonant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Vowels) at the end\nof a word (です). With such limited scope under which devoicing is possible, it\nis very unlikely that this plays any significant role in the decisions about\nkana choice for loanwords. There are simply not enough conditions at play to\nmanipulate the word in an attempt to preserve its original phonemic\nexpression. Other factors are more likely to play a decisive role.\n\nIt is certainly an interesting area and there are some threads on the site\nwhich discuss the factors which might influence the choice of kana. I think\nyou will find them of interest. See below:\n\n * [What changes are made to the pronunciation of gairaigo?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2147/what-changes-are-made-to-the-pronunciation-of-gairaigo)\n * [Who decides what katakana will be used to form English loan words?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5284/who-decides-what-katakana-will-be-used-to-form-english-loan-words)\n * [Different transcriptions for words with related origin](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3275/different-transcriptions-for-words-with-related-origin)\n * [What is the more common pronunciation for the rōmaji letter Z in Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6018/what-is-the-more-common-pronunciation-for-the-r-%c5%8dmaji-letter-z-in-japanese#comment15341_6018)",
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"creation_date": "2020-10-11T15:29:54.097",
"id": "81054",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-11T15:29:54.097",
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"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65449
| null |
81054
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65465",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To translate :\n\n> My friend and I are going to the park.\n\n, the following sentence can be used :\n\n> 私{わたし}は友達{ともだち} **と** 公園{こうえん}に行{い}きます。\n\nLiterally :\n\n> I am going to the park **with** my friend.\n\nと is used to represent _with_ , and the subject (before は) is _me_ (私). But if\nI want to emphasize more about the fact that the subject is _me and my friend_\n, I'd write :\n\n> 私{わたし}と友達{ともだち}は公園{こうえん}に行{い}きます。\n\nMy questions :\n\n * is it possible to write this? Is this sentence grammatically correct?\n * if so, is there any difference between the first sentence and this one? I feel like writing \"私と友達は...\" emphasize more about the subject ( _me and my friend_ ) than \"私は友達と...\" ( _me with my friend_ )\n * is it more polite to use 友達{ともだち}と私{わたし} instead of 私{わたし}と友達{ともだち} (because _my friend_ is placed first)?\n * more generally, can we encounter particles (like と) in the subject of a sentence (before は)? Or are they necessarily placed after the subject?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T19:54:32.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T07:29:52.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32939",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と particle in the subject of a sentence",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "> is it possible to write this? Is this sentence grammatically correct?\n\nYes.\n\n> if so, is there any difference between the first sentence and this one? I\n> feel like writing \"私と友達は...\" emphasize more about the subject (me and my\n> friend) than \"私は友達と...\" (me with my friend)\n\nIn 私は友達と…, the 私 is the topic, in other words, the sentences around it are\nsaying that you did such and such, then did something with your friend. On the\nother hand, sentences around 私と友達は would be saying that you and your friend\ndid such and such then did it.\n\n> is it more polite to use 友達と私 instead of 私と友達 (because my friend is placed\n> first)?\n\nNeither is particularly more polite. What you said is what we would discover\nin our English class.\n\n> more generally, can we encounter particles (like と) in the subject of a\n> sentence (before は)? Or are they necessarily placed after the subject?\n\nGeminiation of nouns produces a noun as a whole.\n\n * 少年と少女(と)が冒険する物語: a story where a boy and a girl have an adventure\n * パンにバターがお気に入り: bread with butter is my favorite\n\nSo does genitive.\n\n * 城の塔が見えた: I saw the tower in the castle",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T07:29:52.247",
"id": "65465",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T07:29:52.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "65453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65453
|
65465
|
65465
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 1. お飲み物はどう **なさいます** か。\n> 2. お飲み物はどう **いたします** か。\n>\n\nI can't understand how one might be used instead of the other.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T20:50:56.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65454",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T21:42:12.330",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-12T21:36:12.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"politeness"
],
"title": "What is the difference between なさいます and いたします?",
"view_count": 1791
}
|
[
{
"body": "なさる, whose polite form is なさいます, is 尊敬語｛そんけいご｝ 'honorific language', whereas\nいたす, whose polite form is いたします, is 謙譲語｛けんじょうご｝ 'humble language'.\n\nYou would use なさる to show respect for somebody performing an action, whereas\nいたす humbles your own actions in respectful environments. Both are ultimately\nabout respect, of course.\n\nお飲み物はどうなさいますか。= 'What are you going to do about the drinks?'\n\nお飲み物はどういたしますか。= 'What shall I do about the drinks?'",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T21:42:12.330",
"id": "65457",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T21:42:12.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "65454",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65454
|
65457
|
65457
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the word やめたくなったら. I think it's a conditional past form of やめる. Or\nmaybe it's やめた conjugated with なったら (conditional form of なる). But the く in the\nmiddle distracts me: I can't find this form in a dictionary. Can you help me\nto find some grammar for that? And all I can guess for translation is only\nlike \"if want to stop\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T21:18:16.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65455",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T21:55:15.293",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-12T21:55:15.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "25746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is grammar of strange form of やめる verb like \"やめたくなったら\"?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "やめたく is not the た-form, it is based on やめたい ('I want to stop'). なる requires a\nconstruction either with に (for nouns and な-adjectives) or -く (the adverb\nbased on い-adjectives).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T21:27:59.920",
"id": "65456",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-12T21:27:59.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65455
|
65456
|
65456
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65464",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been wondering about the affix ごっこ when it's a prefix and when it is a\nsuffix. There's the word ごっこ遊び, for example, that means \"children's game\" or\n\"game of make-believe\"; but there's also a song named さよならごっこ that would mean,\naccording some translations, something like \"make-believe farewell\" or\n\"pretending to say goodbye\". But the question is: I think that translating\nさよならごっこ as \"pretending to say goodbye\" is purely interpretative because of the\ncontext of the song; I say that because it's written in Jisho that ごっこ can\nalso mean \"something done together\". I, however, have not found even one\nexample that ごっこ has this meaning. Can someone tell me some expressions in\nthat ごっこ has the meaning of \"something done together\"? If there's any rule\nabout the meaning that ごっこ plays in a phrase, please tell me too.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T23:30:51.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T05:44:21.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "About the affix ごっこ",
"view_count": 242
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you can forget that definition \"something done together\". That's\nsimply an over- (or false-) generalization. And ごっこ is basically a suffix.\nごっこ遊び is a word that collectively refers to many `○○ごっこ` words. (Maybe this\ncould be compared to how the English suffix \"-ism\" came to mean \"doctrine\" or\n\"theory\" by itself.)\n\nさよならごっこ is a made-up word. Without seeing the actual context, my impression of\nthis word is someone who is _jokingly_ keeping distance from someone to see\nwhat will happen, knowing they will get together again soon. It's nowhere near\n\"two people saying goodbye to each other\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T05:44:21.710",
"id": "65464",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T05:44:21.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65459",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65459
|
65464
|
65464
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65463",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Came across this sentence in a memoir and I have a grammar question about it.\nFor context, a person is thinking about someone sleeping nearby:\n\n> さっき声をかけてきたヤツは当分寝ないだろ。残るは寝ているか寝ていないかわからない隣の隣。\n\nRegarding 「残るは」, is this a set phrase or expression? It's not a nominalized\nverb, as far as I can tell, as those typically possess the particle の, or こと.\nAnd I've seen it pop up in other things I've read. I understand the general\nmeaning as:\n\n> The guy who spoke up earlier won't be asleep for some time. That leaves the\n> guy next to him（隣の隣）, who I'm not sure is asleep.\n\nYet why is 残る left with は, as opposed to こと or の? Is it functioning in a\nsimilar way to には after a verb, whereby it doesn't need to be nominalized with\nこと or の? Given the very modern context of the memoir I'm not convinced it's a\ncase of classical Japanese slipping in, but it _might_ be a fixed expression\nused more generally in certain situations? It's hard to say.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-12T23:39:56.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65461",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T03:36:58.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-13T12:13:22.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "32706",
"owner_user_id": "32706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Meaning of「残るは」in a sentence",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "For me this sounds like a shortened version of \"残るのは\"。 Usually the noun form\nof \"残る\" would be \"残り\" or \"残るのは\" etc, so this would be a rather rare(old-\nfasioned) and literal expression. According to the \"related post\" below, this\nnominalization occurs in limited cases (most often in a proverb).\n\nSimilar expression might be \"逃げるは恥だが役に立つ\", here \"逃げる\" is a noun meaning \"to\nrun away\", which is normally expressed as \"逃げること\" or \"逃げるの\". There is also a\nsaying \"聞くは一時の恥、聞かぬは一生の恥\", meaning, asking is a shame for the moment, and not\nasking is a shame for lifetime. (Although it is different, in a sense, \"残る\"\nhere means the one remaining and \"聞く\" means the action of asking. )\n\nI don't have an answer for whether this expression is similar to \"には\", sorry\nabout that.\n\nrelated post in Japanese:\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12169436772>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T04:07:20.360",
"id": "65463",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T04:07:20.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32945",
"parent_id": "65461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
65461
|
65463
|
65463
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65471",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 山本さん、会社を辞めるそうですよ。\n\nIn the sentence above there is no は after 山本さん.\n\nCan we say `山本さんは会社を辞めるそうですよ`？\n\nIf we can, does the omission of は mean lack of formality?\n\nI have come across another sentence similar to the one above:\n\n> 田中さん、それからどうするんですか。（＝田中さん **は** それからどうするんですか。？）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T07:54:44.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65466",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-13T12:31:02.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Omission of the particle は",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[
{
"body": "In that case, there are two cases. One is omission of the particle は, the\nother is just a call. You can judge it by the context. 山本さん、会社を辞めるそうですよ would\nbe the former case, but 山本さん、田中さんが会社を辞めるそうですよ is the latter case.\n\nThe omission of は in the former case is colloquial.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T11:11:05.317",
"id": "65471",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-13T12:31:02.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-13T12:31:02.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "19686",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65466
|
65471
|
65471
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65472",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 今、新しい仕事を探しているみたいですよ。奥さんとも離婚 **する** そうですよ。\n\nI'd say `離婚しているそうですよ`. Why is the form する used here?\n\nIf he has already got divorced, perhaps, it's better to say `離婚したそうですよ`. Does\nthis make sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T08:12:27.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65468",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T12:03:14.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verb form before そうです",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because he has not divorced his wife yet. ～するそうです means \"I hear (It is said)\nthat someone will do something\". ～したそうです means \"I hear (It is said) that\nsomeone did something\".\n\nOf course, 離婚したそうですよ makes sense.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T11:49:23.933",
"id": "65472",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T12:03:14.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-13T12:03:14.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65468",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65468
|
65472
|
65472
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can たち mean \"and the others\"?\n\n> メアリーさん **たち** はいつ神戸に行くつもりですか。\n\nI know that たち is a pluralizing suffix: 私たち、子供たち、etc. But I'm listening to 2\npeople talking about Mary _and her friends_. I am confused by how たち is used\nhere.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T08:54:08.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65469",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:40:59.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"suffixes",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "The use of たち in the sentence",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is some what similar to an English word 'lot', it's not a formal word to\nuse, but it's not impolite either. 'When are you lot going to Kobe?' is what\nit sounds like, but bit more polite than what English sounds. If you want to\nbe very frank and quite impolite you could use 「〜ら」, and in formal scenes\n「〜方」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T05:39:24.780",
"id": "65505",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T05:39:24.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65469",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65469
| null |
65505
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65503",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across this sentence quite a few months ago, but I never understood\nthe meaning of \"こと **が** ないように\", I've searched and found about こと **の** ないように,\nbut I think it has not the same meaning.\n\nThis is the sentence:\n\n> 松野の家名を汚す **ことがないように** お願いしますよ。\n\nThe translation I found is:\n\n> \"Please, do not do anything that can dishonor the name of Matsuno family\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T09:19:01.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65470",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:53:10.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T02:28:15.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does ことがないように express?",
"view_count": 210
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 松野の家名を汚すこと **が** ないようにお願いしますよ。 \n> 松野の家名を汚すこと **の** ないようにお願いしますよ。\n\nBoth are correct and mean the same thing. (～こと **の** ないように sounds a tiny bit\nmore formal to me..)\n\nように is the continuative form of the auxiliary ようだ. ようだ comes from the noun\n[様]{よう} + the copula だ. Since the よう is originally a noun, it can act like a\nnoun and can be a head noun of a relative clause.\n\n> ｛松野の家名を汚すこと **が/の** ない｝よう(に) \n> _lit._ (in) the way/manner [that you don't dishonor the name of the Matsuno\n> family] \n> → so as not to dishonor the name of the Matsuno family\n\nYou could see 松野の家名を汚すことがない as a relative clause that modifies the noun よう. \nIt has the same structure as:\n\n> ｛日本人 **が/の** 知らない｝日本語 \n> the Japanese language [that Japanese people don't know]\n\nFor more on the が-の conversion, see: [How does the の work in\n「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/9831)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T03:03:57.170",
"id": "65503",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:53:10.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T14:53:10.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65470
|
65503
|
65503
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65476",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The first time I saw these two terms, they were used in a love context, to\nmean \"boyfriend/girlfriend\". Later, I came to know that you can also use these\nto refer to \"that guy/girl\".\n\nSo, what I wanted to know is: \n1) Nowadays, what are these commonly used for? \n2) Does the meaning depend enterily on context? If so, isn't there a chance to\nbe misunderstood? \n3) Does Japanese have a specific term to convey just one of these meanings?\nFor instance, something just for girlfriend?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T13:41:52.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65474",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T14:41:49.923",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-13T14:41:49.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"pronouns",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "How to use 彼 and 彼女?",
"view_count": 506
}
|
[
{
"body": "**(1)** The words are still used commonly as you describe, i.e. 彼 =\nhe/him/boyfriend and 彼女 = she/her/girlfriend\n\n**(2)** Semantic context is definitely the easiest way to differentiate. Yes,\nthere might be times when the words could be ambiguous or be construed in\nunintended ways, but that is probably true of some words in most languages. In\nany case, the speaker will usually make it clear from the context which\nmeaning is intended.\n\n**(3)** 彼氏 is a term specifically meaning \"boyfriend\" and ガールフレンド is a term\nspecifically meaning \"girlfriend\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T14:01:57.397",
"id": "65476",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T14:01:57.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65474
|
65476
|
65476
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen some examples of ~ている contractions, like\n\n> この世は腐{くさ}ってる。\n\n1) Is this a common occurrence? \n2) How does this affect the formality of the sentence? \n3) Is there a \"rule\" for the いる verb? Meaning, does the verb also contracts in\nother conjugations?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T14:40:36.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65478",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Contraction of ~ている",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is very common in both speech and writing. Its use certainly lowers the\nlevel of formality, although it's common enough that you might even use it in\nsituations that would normally be considered more formal, like with colleagues\nat work.\n\nI don't think this falls under a broader set of rules; it's just a written\nrepresentation of something that often happens in speech simply because it's\neasier to say. It is related to the similar phenomenon of ら抜き言葉, like 食べれる\ninstead of 食べられる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T14:49:41.800",
"id": "65479",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T14:49:41.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1797",
"parent_id": "65478",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65478
|
65479
|
65479
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65481",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Assuming all of the three words are used to convey the same meaning, is there\nany of them that is used far more frequently or on the other hand they are\nequally used but differ depending on the context, etc?\n\nI learnt the word 量 (りょう) some time ago as \"amount\". However, I recently came\nacross the word 数 (すう) conveying \"amount\" as well. I looked up both words in\n[Jisho](https://jisho.org) and their meaning appears to be the same according\nto the definitions \"quantity; amount\". I noticed that in the case of 数, the\nprimary usage seems to be as a prefix rather than a plain noun. To make it\neven more complicated, there also exists the word 数量 (すうりょう) that makes use of\nboth characters and according to\n[Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F) it means \"quantity;\nvolume; amount\". I researched a bit around the internet for an explanation on\nthese words with no luck.\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T16:00:58.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65480",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T22:51:07.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "量、数 and 数量 (amount). Is there any of them that is used far more frequently than the other ones or are they pretty much equally used?",
"view_count": 272
}
|
[
{
"body": "These are all used to describe or measure quantity. The difference is whether\nwhat is being measured is countable or not.\n\n量 - How to show amount (weight, volume, proportion). Used for uncountable\nitems.\n\n数 - How to show number. Used for countable items.\n\n数量 - A general way of saying quantity or quality (or both) without having to\nbe specific about which.\n\n分量 - How to show the measure of a fixed non-countable quantity.\n\n個数 - How to show the measure of a fixed countable quantity.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen describing how much food is on one's plate in plain terms, one would use\n量, while the number of sausages on one's plate would be 数. [A lot of food vs.\nMany sausages]\n\nWhen determining set serving sizes/quantities: For mashed potatoes one would\nuse 分量, while number of sausages would be 個数. [Amount of mashed potatoes to be\nserved vs. Number of sausages to be served]\n\nWhen describing the serving sizes/quantities in general (without being\nspecific), one would use 数量. [Amount and number] \nAlso, when ordering online, often the field for quantity/number to be ordered\nuses the default 数量, as it would be too much trouble to tailor each field to\neach individual product.\n\nIn colloquial terms, 量{りょう} and 数{かず} are the most commonly used.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T16:54:15.890",
"id": "65481",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-13T22:51:07.517",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-13T22:51:07.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65480",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65480
|
65481
|
65481
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating a song from 池森秀一 DEEN and I came across this sentence:\n\n> > 生きてゆきたい 今日より明日へ\n\nAnd I got confused because my translation was **'I want to keep living, from\ntoday to/towards tomorrow'.**\n\nI know より can be used as _since_ and _than_ depending on context. I checked\nother translation from a Japanese friend and he said that the correct trans\nwould be:\n\n> > But I want to live on, more for tomorrow than today.\n\nCan you help me understand why my translation is wrong?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-13T22:56:00.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65482",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T02:44:57.580",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T03:05:55.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "28060",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Confused with より",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 今日より明日へ implies \"toward the future\". I think \"more for tomorrow than\ntoday\" can imply more it than \"from today to tomorrow\". \"from today to\ntomorrow\" implies just a short future time, doesn't it? It would be translated\nas 今日から明日へ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T03:26:58.240",
"id": "65489",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T06:49:11.637",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T06:49:11.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65482
| null |
65489
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65488",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 余はライダー。 **こと** 脚に関しては他のサーヴァントより優位におるぞ。\n\n<https://soundcloud.com/felipem-ller/wed-feb-13-2019-1>\n\nSo, sorry for repeating the title, but the question is simple, what does こと\nmean in this context?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T01:30:47.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65483",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T01:16:08.663",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-14T20:07:06.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "12121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does こと mean in this context? こと脚に関しては他のサーヴァントより優位におるぞ",
"view_count": 531
}
|
[
{
"body": "~~こと in expressions 「 **こと** ～～となると」「 **こと** ～～に関しては」「 **こと** ここに至っては」 etc.\nmeans \"things\", 事, 事態.~~\n\n~~「こと～～となると」「こと～～に関しては」 mean \"When it comes to~\". \ncf. 「ことここに至っては」 = \"now that things have come to this\"~~\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** \nOn second thought, it's more reasonable to think of it as [殊]{こと},\n\"especially\", \"among other things\", ≂「[殊]{こと}に」 「特に」「とりわけ」.\n\n「こと～～に関しては、...」「こと～～となると、...」「こと～～については、...」 are expressions to say \"Regarding\n~~, among other things, ...\" \"Especially when it comes to~~, ...\"\n\nThis usage of こと is quite literary (and maybe a little archaic?). I don't\nthink I've seen this こと used in other expressions.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T03:06:14.523",
"id": "65488",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T01:16:08.663",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-24T01:16:08.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65483",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "Looking at my own question again now from 3 years ago haha\n\nListening to this again, It sounds like just a contraction for \"ってことは\" which\nmeans something like \"so that means that\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-06-01T22:25:31.963",
"id": "94794",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-01T22:25:31.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12121",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
65483
|
65488
|
65488
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65487",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am doing japaneese N5 lessons for second time and I get REALLY confused. As\nfar as I know there are 3 categories of verbs:\n\n * Irregular verbs\n * Ichidan verbs\n * Godan verbs\n\nBut the sensei tells us that there are the following categories:\n\n * Irregular ones\n * U-verbs\n * RU-verbs\n\nAnd I got pretty much confused on this issue: which is the appropriate one\nclassification, are U-verbs just godan ones or not?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T02:02:43.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65485",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T09:46:33.600",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T09:46:33.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "14599",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Confused on verb conjuation U-verbs ru-verbs or godan ones?",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "The terminology generally used to teach Japanese grammar to foreign language\nstudents is different from the terminology used to teach Japanese grammar to\nstudents in Japanese public school.\n\nWhile the concept of \"U-verbs\", \"RU-verbs\", etc. are commonly taught to\nforeign language students, Japanese public school students only learn Godan,\nIchidan, etc.\n\nBroadly speaking:\n\n * **U-verbs** are Godan Verbs（五段活用動詞{ごだんかつようどうし}）\n * **RU-verbs** are Ichidan Verbs（下一段{しもいちだん}活用動詞、上一段{かみいちだん}活用動詞）\n * **Irregular Verbs** are like \"suru\"（サ行変格{ぎょうへんかく}活用動詞）、\"kuru\"（カ行変格活用動詞）、etc.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T02:37:56.273",
"id": "65487",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T05:05:02.720",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T05:05:02.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It is a difference of behavior between the ます-form and the dictionary form.\nCompare two verbs with きる as dictionary form: 着る yields 着ます and 切る gives 切ります.\nIn the former case what's conserved is _ki_ -, with the latter what is common\nbetween the two forms is _kir_ -. One stem ends on a vowel, the other on a\nconsonant (to which five possible vowels can be added, hence _godan_ ).\n\nI personally loathe the term 'type-1 verbs', since it is used for those verbs\nthat are _not_ 'ichidan' -- now that's not a clever choice of name.\n\nNote that while there are only two official irregular verbs (来る and する), some\nother verbs have at least one irregular form (the negation of ある is ない, and 行く\nhas 行て as a て-form).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T08:49:52.617",
"id": "65509",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T08:49:52.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
65485
|
65487
|
65487
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I learned おつかれさまでした (otsukaresama deshita) as a form of good bye, used in the\noffice. But I often hear my Japanese colleagues say おつかれさまです (otsukaresama\ndesu) instead, or at least that's what I think I heard. Is the た just silent,\nsomehow? Or if both are valid, what's the difference between the two forms?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T07:16:04.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65491",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T15:06:57.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31738",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "おつかれさまでした vs おつかれさまです",
"view_count": 1641
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are valid expressions and the difference is very subtle.\n\nお疲れ様です can be used for both \"Hello\" and \"Good bye\" (to tell someone leaving\nfrom workplace), and お疲れさまでした can be used for \"Good bye\" (to tell someone\nleaving from workplace).\n\nNotes: -It is very frequent that you start Japanese business email to\ncolleague with \"お疲れ様です\". Presumably working in Japan is always tiring... -When\nyou use it for meaning \"Good bye\", there are no perceptive difference in them\nfor native speakers. Grammatically the person has done something tiring, so\n\"お疲れさまでした\" might be more correct, but we don't care indeed.. (Well the\ndifference might be more controversial and you need to consult linguist for\nrigorous understanding)\n\nRelated posts: [Difference お疲れ様です vs お疲れ様でした while leaving from\noffice?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60108/difference-%E3%81%8A%E7%96%B2%E3%82%8C%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-vs-%E3%81%8A%E7%96%B2%E3%82%8C%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F-while-\nleaving-from-office)\n\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1312235658>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T15:06:57.677",
"id": "65496",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T15:06:57.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32945",
"parent_id": "65491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65491
|
65496
|
65496
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65494",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, to translate :\n\n> This dog is not cute.\n\nWe can use :\n\n> この犬{いぬ}は可愛{かわい}くないです。\n\nor :\n\n> この犬{いぬ}は可愛{かわい}いではありません。\n\nIs there a difference between those two sentences? Are there conditions to use\nthe former instead of the latter, or vice versa?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T11:35:26.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65492",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T14:54:06.187",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T11:42:09.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "32939",
"owner_user_id": "32939",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"negation"
],
"title": "Negative adjectives + です vs adjective + ではありません",
"view_count": 491
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first sentence is correct and the second one is not correct. That is\nbecause, 可愛い is so-called 形容詞 (i-adjective). The second type of conjugation is\ncorrect for 形容動詞(na-adjective), but not for 形容詞.\n\n○：この犬は可愛くないです。 ×：この犬は可愛いではありません。\n\nInstead,きれいだ is 形容動詞(na-adjective), so the second type of conjugation fits in.\n\n×：彼女はきれいくないです。 ○：彼女はきれいではありません。\n\nYou may notice, you can replace na-adjectives with nouns and still the same\nconjugation holds.\n\n×：彼女は学生くないです。 ○：彼女は学生ではありません。\n\nRoughly speaking, older words are classified into 形容詞 (the first expression)\nand therefore it conjugates more naturally as adjectives, and newer words\n形容動詞(the second expression) are sort of more clumsy, so it nearly conjugates\nas just nouns. (although there are exceptions as in most grammatical rules)\n\nrelated posts: [大きじゃない vs\n大きくない？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21512/%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-vs-%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/21539#21539)\n[Why does Japanese have two kinds of adjectives? (-i adjectives and -na\nadjectives)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1008/why-does-\njapanese-have-two-kinds-of-adjectives-i-adjectives-and-na-adjective)^",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T14:54:06.187",
"id": "65494",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T14:54:06.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32945",
"parent_id": "65492",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65492
|
65494
|
65494
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65531",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These two sentences seem to use the same pattern, yet differently:\n\n> 親族 **間で** 複雑な対立関係がある。\n>\n> 使用人たち **の間で** も、そう囁かれています。\n\nI found that 間 could mean ''among'' in this case, but what is the difference\nbetween the first usage of 間 and the second? I also presume that in the first\nsentence, 間 is read 'かん', isn't it?\n\nWould 親族の間で and 使用人間で work as well?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T14:49:44.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65493",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-05T09:02:51.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between の間で and 間で?",
"view_count": 896
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well to me the meaning of the two expressions would be quite the same, but I\nthink some words don’t fit well in the expression “〜間(kan)”.\n\n * I suspect 和語 will generally fit well with “〜の間(aida)” △:人々間(Hitobito kan) ○:人々の間\n\n * I suspect “〜間(kan)” is used rather for a fixed expression Ex. 国家間、学校間、友人間\n\nMy advice is:\n\nIf you are not sure which to use, use “〜の間（aida）”, then you will be on the\nsafe side. I can’t come up with an example you can’t use this expression when\nyou can use “〜間(kan)”. (Maybe it is partly because, “kan” has a lot of\nexpressions with the same pronunciation, so “Aida” is preferred generally)\n\nIf you wish to make the expression shorter, use “〜間(kan)”.\n\nAnyhow, I think you just need to know there are practically no differences in\nmeaning. (Although there might be some exception I can’t come up with right\nnow.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T04:57:55.453",
"id": "65531",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-05T09:02:51.350",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-05T09:02:51.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "32945",
"parent_id": "65493",
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"score": 1
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] |
65493
|
65531
|
65531
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65498",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here's a sentence:\n\n> シベリア **より** 東の地域はシベリアの中部ほど寒くないです。\n\nI understand what it says but I don't understand why 「より」 is used right after\n「シベリア」, and why the word order is not like this:\n\n> シベリア **の** 東の地域はシベリアの中部ほど寒くないです。\n\nCan the reason be in those 2 different comparative constructions in one\nsentence? I assume that one cannot say something like 「AよりBほどC」, thus\ninvolving 「AはBほどC」to make it work properly.\n\nEven if it's right, I'd like to know the reason 「シベリアより」 is even taking place\nand, what's more, I'd like to know how to translate it properly. Every time I\nread it I want to say \"Comparing to Siberia, eastern region is not that cold,\nas central one\", but then again, \"comparing to Siberia\" just makes no sense\nfor me. Also, I cannot understand why author used this, but not the\n**「シベリアの東の・・・」**.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T14:54:20.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65495",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T18:19:54.027",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T18:19:54.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-order",
"comparative-constructions",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Clarification on comparative constructions is needed",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you actually stumble over is this expression:\n\n> シベリアより東の地域 _region(s) to the east of Siberia_\n\nHere シベリアより東（だ） is a noun predicate that modifies 地域, and this より has nothing\nto do with the rest of the sentence.\n\n～より東 (lit. \"more east than\"?) may be a strange wording to European languages\nspeakers, but it's a sound phrase in Japanese to describe what's at removes\nfrom a location in eastern direction (as opposed to being the east end of the\nlocation). Similarly:\n\n> ～より上 \"above; higher than\" \n> ～より下 \"below; lower than\" \n> ～より左 \"to the left of\" \n> ～より右 \"to the right of\"\n\nIf you reword them using ～ **の** 左 etc. it'll usually be understood as \"next\nto it to the left\".\n\nSo,\n\n> シベリアより東の地域はシベリアの中部ほど寒くないです。 \n> _Regions to the east of Siberia are not as cold as central Siberia._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T16:38:13.380",
"id": "65498",
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"parent_id": "65495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65495
|
65498
|
65498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65500",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the microsoft IME keyboard, and my cellphone's as well, when I write こたえ it\nis suggested 答え. However, in the Genki I textbook, I've seen it written as\n\n> 答{こたえ}\n\nAre both of these valid? If so, which is more normal to use?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T16:17:18.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65497",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T20:19:58.983",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T17:02:50.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"orthography",
"okurigana"
],
"title": "How to write こたえ: 答え or 答?",
"view_count": 156
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are valid, but 答え is more normal to use. \nHowever, you cannot use 答る instead of 答える (verb).\n\nTherefore,\n\n> ○ 答えを見る。 \n> ○ 答を見る。\n>\n> ○ その問いに答える。 \n> × その問に答る。\n\nReferences\n<http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19730618001/k19730618001.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T18:18:23.307",
"id": "65500",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T20:19:58.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32964",
"parent_id": "65497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
65497
|
65500
|
65500
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65504",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm just studying Japanese, and i know that 泊まる is like you Staying a night\nlike hotel / some place that temporary , but i just found 留まる is also meaning\nstay/staying too in Basic Kanji book , but i don't know what does this word\nspecifically mean to and when to use both of this word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T17:15:59.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65499",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T05:29:32.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32930",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"verbs",
"definitions",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 泊まる and 留まる",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "「泊まる」 should only be used to refer to,\n\n 1. An animate living thing spending the night at a place\n 2. A ship spending the night at a place\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-14T20:12:10.667",
"id": "65501",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T20:12:10.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Since 「泊まる」has already been answered I'll try explaining 「留まる」. 留まる describes\nthe position and movement of an object/person/anything, more specifically,\n\"staying in place\"/motionless state of an object, which could potentially\nmove. e.g: Bird stopping on the tree, chemical molecule in space.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T05:29:32.070",
"id": "65504",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T05:29:32.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65499
|
65504
|
65501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When we want to use the そうです construction with verbs, we have to use the verb\nstem:\n\n> 雨が **降り** そうです。\n\nIs it possible to express the past with そうです? (it looks like it has\nrained/rained)\n\nOr is it only correct to use みたいです for the purpose:`雨が降ったみたいです`？",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T05:56:53.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65506",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:48:45.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Verb + そうです to express the past",
"view_count": 252
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is possible to express the past with 「そうです」. \n「昨日雨が降ったそうです」 roughly translates to 'I heard it rained yesterday'. Just to be\nclear, 「そうです」 doesn't have any meaning of 'hearing'. 「そうです」 expresses that you\nhave not directly observed the rain, so you're not 100% sure whether it\nhappened, but know the information from other indirect means. \nSince I don't have the ability to add to the comments, I'll add a few more\nthings from the comments here. \n「降りそう」-> 'It seems it might rain' \n「降るそう」-> 'Heard it's going to rain' \nBoth are rough translation to get the feel of uncertainty of the word 「〜そう〜」\nhas.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T06:40:32.750",
"id": "65507",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:48:45.177",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T14:48:45.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65506",
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"score": 1
}
] |
65506
| null |
65507
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65511",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm new to japanese and I'm having a hard time trying to figure what\n\"彼女のいう天使に見え\" means.\n\nI don't know if the correct interpretation is either \"She looked like an\nangel\" or \"She saw an angel\". I'm not sure how ni particle is working here :/\n\nFor context purposes, this is the full description of the item:\n\n> 王妃の聖女であったゲルトルードは彼女のいう天使に見え、その物語を知ったという.\n\nAny help will be appreciated, thanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T13:48:55.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65510",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T16:59:28.163",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T15:08:39.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32970",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Trying to understand what does 見え mean in this short sentence",
"view_count": 584
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, I think your guess is correct :) Both can be true but in this context\nlatter interpretation sounds more probable.\n\nIn normal Japanese に見える(ni mieru) would mean by 99% chance “she looks like...”\nbut in literal, a bit old-fashioned Japanese に 見える(ni mamieru) means to meet\nsomeone.\n\nTherefore the interpretation of the sentence would be, “Gertrud, who was a\nsacred woman (?) of the Queen, met what she calls an angel, and came to know\nthe story.”\n\nThe sentence is very vague and hard to understand, maybe it is intended that\nthis sentence makes us to think what it really means.\n\nRelated link:\n[https://jisho.org/search/まみえる](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T14:36:13.420",
"id": "65511",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T14:36:13.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32945",
"parent_id": "65510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "見え is the continuative form (連用形) of the verb 見える.\n\nThe continuative form has several functions, one of which is to indicate that\nthe continuative verb is relative to main verb. Therefore it is often used\nwhen the continuative verb is one action in a sequence of actions (or\nintuitions). You may be familiar with the how the te-form performs a similar\nfunction when listing a series of actions (i.e. V1～て、 ... V2～ました). So your\nexample phrase could also be expressed using 天使に見えて. However, 見え is a little\nmore formal sounding than 見えて, and thus is more likely to be used in written\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T16:59:28.163",
"id": "65512",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T16:59:28.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65510
|
65511
|
65511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65514",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is **時** read as \"toki\" or \"ji\"? Duolingo and Google Translate don't seem to\nbe in agreement.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T18:03:06.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65513",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T13:25:34.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T00:35:14.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"time",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "o'clock kanji pronunciation 時",
"view_count": 653
}
|
[
{
"body": "When following a number 時 is read 'ji'. It is pronounced 'toki' when it refers\nto a point in time, in which case it will often take a relative clause that\nsimply means 'when...' (literally 'the time when...').\n\nWhen you are looking for a word rather than a whole sentence, you are better\noff with dictionaries, for instance\n[https://jisho.org/search/時](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%99%82)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T18:11:29.973",
"id": "65514",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T18:11:29.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "時 (as with the vast majority of kanji) has multiple readings. It can be read\nas both じ and とき (and どき) depending on which word it appears in. It also has\nexceptional readings as in the word 時計 where 時 is read as と. [Edit: See\ncomments for clarification on that word]\n\nThe very broad rule of thumb for kanji (with many exceptions) is that when\nthey appear in compound words the on-yomi is used, and when they appear alone\nor attached to kana the kun-yomi is used. In the case of 時, the on-yomi is ジ\nand the kun-yomi is とき：\n\n> > 五時{ごじ} (compound word = **on-yomi** )\n>>\n\n>> 若｛わか｝い時｛とき｝ (appears alone / attached to kana = **kun-yomi** )\n\nBut that is a gross simplification of what it is a highly complex writing\nsystem. I recommend that you read a basic text which explains the fundamentals\nof kanji. It will help to understand the readings.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T00:51:50.937",
"id": "65528",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T13:25:34.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-17T13:25:34.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65513
|
65514
|
65514
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65517",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in the manga [Dead Tube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Tube), a\ngirl is being raped while being filmed. Among the comments on the video, some\nusers wrote メリメリメリメリ and メリ子メリ子.\n\nWhat is the meaning of the two comments? To me it looks like some internet\nslang, or is メリ just a transliteration of the English \"merry\"?\n\n[Here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gnqgY.jpg) you can see the whole page. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T18:27:32.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65515",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T20:19:25.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T20:19:25.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of メリ and メリ子",
"view_count": 297
}
|
[
{
"body": "This メリメリ is this\n[onomatopoeia](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%81%E3%82%8A%E3%82%81%E3%82%8A),\nthe sound made when a moderately-hard object (wood, leather, etc) is being\ncracked, ripped or torn. メキメキ is similar. I think what's being torn or broken\nis obvious from the context. Actually, メリメリ is a common onomatopoeia to\ndescribe this type of situation (try googling with メリメリと引き裂く).\n\nメリ子 is not a word I know, and it's much harder to explain. Perhaps some\npeculiar wordplay is happening. 子 is commonly used in a girl's name, and 子/こ\nis also used as a [diminutive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminutive)\n(e.g., 判子, わんこ). In addition, こ is occasionally used to make a bit cuter\nvariation of an onomatopoeic/mimetic word (e.g., ぴょんぴょん → ぴょんこぴょんこ, ピッピッ →\nピコピコ). So, although メリ子メリ子 is probably a made-up word, it is working as a\nfunny expression used to describe what's happening to this girl.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T19:07:52.050",
"id": "65517",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T19:20:36.947",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T19:20:36.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65515",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65515
|
65517
|
65517
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65529",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the Genki II textbook, there is a phrase that goes like this:\n\n> うめぼし，のりなどを見たこと **も** 聞いたこと **も** ありませんでした。\n\nNow, I understand that this roughly means that \"I've never seen or heard of\npickled plums or nori algae.\", but I was wondering why there is no が particle\nin the sentence.\n\nThe \"basic\" structure sentence for having the experience of something is\n\n> ~ことがあります。\n\nSince there are two things that are being referred to, I would have written it\nsomething like this:\n\n> うめぼし，のりなどを見たこと **も** 聞いたこと **が** ありませんでした。\n\nI know this probably isn't correct, but can someone explain in to me? Why is\nthere no が particle in the original sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T18:47:41.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65516",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T01:11:17.927",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T19:45:52.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"syntax",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "~ことがある for more than one thing",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[
{
"body": "The simple answer is that も can replace が when using いる/ある constructions like\nthat.\n\n> > 犬 **が** いる。猫 **が** いる。\n>>\n\n>> 犬 **も** 猫 **も** いる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T00:38:29.863",
"id": "65527",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T00:38:29.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 〜も〜もない or 〜も〜もありません\n\nis a very commonly used phrase to express two negative verb consecutively. In\nEnglish it's like saying 'Neither have I seen it nor heard of it.' Although it\ndoesn't always have to be negative\n\n> あれもこれも〜\n\nRoughly translate to 'This and that are all...',「も」is used when you want to\ngroup few things together and sounds more inclusive. On the other hand「が」\ndirectly points at a single thing/object. And lastly...\n\n> 〜も〜がありません\n\nAs you mentioned is an improper use of 「が」in your example, but\n\n> 今日 **も** 時間 **が** ありません (\"I don't have the time today too\")\n\nIs correct since が points at the noun 'time'. I guess it is a completely\ndifferent use case, but it is an useful phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T01:11:17.927",
"id": "65529",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "65516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65516
|
65529
|
65529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "For a research project I am trying to understand a paper that originally\nappeared in Japanese and that also has an official English translation.\n\nIn the original, 当り前 appears. In the official translation it is rendered as\n\"must-be\", but as far as I can tell, this means \"natural\", \"obvious\" or\n\"taken-for-granted\".\n\nCan anyone clear this up for me?\n\nThank you\n\nI have included a scan of the title of the original paper. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MHfCQ.png)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T19:41:59.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65518",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T01:14:05.803",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T20:04:05.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "32973",
"owner_user_id": "32973",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "why has 当り前 been translated as \"must-be\" here?",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "While it may be an _'official English translation'_ , that does not mean that\nit was originally done by a native English speaker.\n\nThat being said, it is not really wrong, as individual translations need not\nhave consensus.\n\n当たり前 means 'it is or should be considered as obvious/natural/a given'. It\nshould 'go without saying'.\n\n> The quality of our product is so obvious/natural that it would be absurd to\n> assume otherwise. For us and our customers, this level of quality is 'a\n> must'. **It 'must be' this level of quality for us to put our name on it.**\n\n**_Must-have quality_** might sound a mite better and make more sense, but\nthey're not going to reprint everything now.\n\nEdit: Thanks to @Locksleyu 's answer and reference of the Wikipedia entry,\n'Having special appeal and meeting basic (obvious;given) thresholds' seems to\nbe the intended message behind the paper you posted.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T20:12:36.573",
"id": "65519",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T02:05:49.220",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T02:05:49.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I generally agree with the points that user27280 has raised, but I wanted to\ngive some additional context here.\n\nFrom the viewpoint of modern English, \"must-be\" sounds outdated and perhaps\neven hard to understand for some native speakers. So I was to translate the\npassage in question I might not use such a phrase.\n\nHowever, 当たり前品質 looks like a domain-specific term which may have been invented\nby Kano (狩野), and seems to be translated frequently as \"must-be\". (See the\n[English Wikipedia page on the Kano\nmodel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_model))\n\nIn light of this, while a bit cryptic and aged, \"must-be\" does seem like an\napt translation given the fact that it is a single (compound) word that\nexpresses the concept efficiently. As user27280 mentioned, it would be\npossible to translate as \"considered as obvious\", but that would be too wordy\nand clash with the feel of the original term in Japanese. Note, it could be\nargued that \"当たり前な品質\" would be a more everday way of expressing this in\nJapanese.\n\nFurthermore, even if someone wanted to translate this term in a different way\nand use a more modern-sounding English expression, it might be frowned upon\nsince it would deviate from what appears to be an industry standard term.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T22:18:05.733",
"id": "65521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T22:18:05.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "65518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The paper wanted to say something like an English phrase \"Certificated\nquality\" or so to be equivalent. \nBut he doesn't know English as well as I do.\n\n当たり前 itself would be translated into another Japanese word 当然 _touzen_ , which\nhas various meanings.\n\n 1. matter of course \n 2. foregone conclusion\n\nare the best translations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T01:45:43.843",
"id": "65530",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T01:14:05.803",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-19T01:14:05.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65518
| null |
65519
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65525",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そう言って今度は頭を下げられる俺。\n>\n> After saying that, she directs a bow at me.\n\nthe other party is making a request so there is no doubt in context who is\nbowing.\n\nIn isolation i find rearanging this relative clause somewhat ambigious.\n\n * (彼女に)俺(に/へ？)頭を下げられる\n\n * 俺に頭を下げられる\n\nAre any of these explicilty incorrent?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T22:35:14.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65522",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T06:29:21.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "passive ambiguity in this sentence",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ｛頭を下げられる｝俺\n\n頭を下げられる is a relative clause modifying 俺, so rearranging it to a normal word\norder...\n\n> 俺が（彼女に）頭を下げられる。 I am bowed to (by her)\n\nThis is passive, so turning it to the active voice..\n\n> 彼女が俺に頭を下げる。 She bows to me / She begs me\n\nCf. \n｛頼まれる｝俺 \n→俺が（彼女に）頼まれる I am asked (by her) \n→彼女が俺に頼む She asks me",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T23:48:12.410",
"id": "65525",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T23:48:12.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65522
|
65525
|
65525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65524",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following quote is from\n[this](https://www.asahi.com/and_travel/articles/SDI2019021202191.html?iref=comtop_fbox_u04)\narticle.\n\n> 神苑にこれほどの梅が植えられたのも、そんなふうに訪れる人々の憩いに **なれば** という思いから。\n\nI wonder what になれば means here. What value does it bring over having simply\nになる?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T23:00:18.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65523",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T00:53:49.823",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T00:26:25.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "32979",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Value-augmenting なれば",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think using なれば rather than なる in your example shows that there is **a wish\nor hope** that planting such plum trees will contribute to the relaxation of\nthe visitors.\n\nEnglish has a similar way of using a conditional expression to express a wish\nor hope. For example...\n\n * \" **If** you **_wouldn't_** mind taking that poster off the wall.\"\n * \"Yeah, **if** you **_could_** just get me some cereal at the store.\"\n * \" **If** I **_could_** just have a moment of your time, sir.\"\n\nIn Japanese an expression with ~ば + と思{おも}う is common. For example...\n\n * ご利用{りよう}にな **れば** と思います。 (I hope you will use it)\n * ご記入{きにゅう}いただ **ければ** と思います。 (If you could just fill this in for me)\n * 次週{じしゅう}ご来場{らいじょう}いただ **ければ** と思います。 (If we could have you could come to our location next week)\n\nThe meaning of these examples can change significantly if you remove the ~ば\nconstruction.\n\n * ご利用になると思います。 (I think you will use it)\n * ご記入いただくと思います。 (I think he will fill it in for us)\n * 次週ご来場いただくと思います。 (I think they will be coming to our location next week)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T23:46:48.007",
"id": "65524",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T00:53:49.823",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T00:53:49.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65523",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65523
|
65524
|
65524
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65535",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese on Duolingo.\n\nI was wondering:\n\n学校は日本にあります means 'The school is in Japan'\n\nWhat is the difference between 学校は日本にあります and the Japanese translation of\n'There is a school in Japan'? I thought arimasu could be translated as 'there\nis'...\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T11:22:23.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65534",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-18T07:46:52.237",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-18T07:46:52.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "32982",
"owner_user_id": "32982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Subject and extra information",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "If I am not mistaken this question is not about です at all (if so, please\nchange the title). It seems to be a matter of focus and of what is already\nknown.\n\n> 学校 **は** 日本にあります。\n\nmeans 'Talking about the school, it is in Japan.' We know of the school and we\ngive extra information about it.\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> 日本に(は)学校 **が** あります。\n\ntakes Japan for granted (so to speak) and we say something about it: 'In Japan\nthere are schools.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T11:30:49.957",
"id": "65535",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T11:30:49.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65534
|
65535
|
65535
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65538",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So, today one of the topics boarded in the lessons I'm taking was the form\n\n> ～かもしりません\n\nNow, I'm thinking the しれません part comes from the potential form of 知る. That\nway, in the sentence, it would mean something like \"can't know\", giving the\n\"guessing\" property of the form.\n\nCould someone confirm if this train of thought is correct? Also, I haven't\nfound a meaning for the かも bit, so I would appreciate one if possible.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T18:10:36.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65537",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T02:07:33.897",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T18:14:30.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of ～かもしれません",
"view_count": 531
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would think that しれません comes from the verb 知れる which means \"to be known\"\nrather than \"to know\".\n\nThe か part forms an embedded question e.g.\n\n> 何時に始まる **か** 調べてください。 \n> What times does it begin? Please check. \n> Please check what time it begins.\n\nも is a tricky particle. I'm going to claim that it means 'even' in this\ncontext, but I think it is more subtle.\n\nPutting it together we have\n\n> 明日、雪が降るかもしれない。 \n> Tommorow, will snow even fall? It is not known. \n> It may snow tomorrow.\n\nI think it is best just to treat it as a set phrase though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T18:46:11.120",
"id": "65538",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T18:46:11.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "In old Japanese か and も are the end particle, sometimes they are combined as\nかも(かな) and it admires the previous statement with or without a little irony.\n\nDefinitions of three end particles in old Japanese dictionary:\n\nか to express wonder, inquirer and irony. ...かなぁ/・・・だなぁ/...だろうか e.g. いづれ **か**\n\nも (normal particle)to express add the same word 今も...; to suggest a quote or\nindirect meaning ...もまた; to express minimum ...でも、...せめて e.g. ほととぎす、一声 **も**\n鳴け(ほととぎすよ、一声で良いから鳴いて欲しい); (end particle) to exaggerate the word\n(normally)「かも」「しも」「とも」「ども」「やも」「もこそ」「もぞ」\n\nかも か+も to express admiration and etc. e.g. 立ち別れまく惜しき宵かも(別れが惜しい夜であるなぁ)\n\n(old)しらん=しらぬ (new)しれません perhaps so; both refer a subjective doubt/expectation.\n\nAll together (old/middle)かもしれぬ (new)かもしれない = \"..., perhaps so in my opinion.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T02:07:33.897",
"id": "65548",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T02:07:33.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65537
|
65538
|
65538
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65542",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the context of a very well fortified place,\n\nwhat does 入る者なく出る者なし mean?\n\nIt seems like it would mean: none may enter, none may leave, but I'd like to\nmake sure, and understand the naku form better.\n\nSo I'm pretty sure naku is the adverb form of nai, which is nonexistence.\nNashi means \"without\".\n\nI've also considered naku might be a shortened nakute in the sense of\nnaide/zuni.\n\nTaking these meanings, the sentence would mean: no person enters without\nleaving, but that doesn't make sense in context. Just based on context,\nsomething like none who enter may leave would make sense.\n\nThe more I think about it, the more I get confused. Any help?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T19:01:58.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65539",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T22:17:50.327",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T19:05:30.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "31206",
"owner_user_id": "31206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "meaning of なく followed by なし",
"view_count": 1381
}
|
[
{
"body": "These are two separate clauses.\n\n{入る者なく} ＋ {出る者なし} [Nobody enters] + [Nobody leaves]\n\nAs you suggested, なし can mean 'without' in some contexts, but its basic\nmeaning is ないこと. In this case it just serves as a negative construction.\n\nFrom [Steve Wright's Quora answer](https://www.quora.com/Japanese-language-\nWhy-use-the-ku-form-instead-of-the-te-form-when-connecting-a-sentence-to-\nanother-one): Both -naku and -nakute are used to continue a line of thought,\nbut -naku draws a line or distinction between clauses, while -nakute aims to\nsuggest a connection, sometimes even a cause-and-effect relationship between\nthe clauses.\n\nAs this sentence is using the continuative form to bridge the clauses, なく is\nappropriate:\n\n> 「入る者なく出る者なし。」 'Nobody enters, nobody leaves.'\n\nAs far as negative sentence endings go, ない, ないこと, なく, and なし can all be used.\nThe choice of which is often determined by tradition (convention) in set\nexpressions, personal choice, and nuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T20:42:44.240",
"id": "65542",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-16T22:17:50.327",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-16T22:17:50.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65539",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65539
|
65542
|
65542
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand both are some kind of bowl but I would appreciate if someone\ncould explain about the uses for each one.\n\nCan a \"ちゃわん\" be used for cooked rice? Can a \"どんぶり\" be used for ramen?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T20:26:05.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65541",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T08:44:36.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27888",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「どんぶり」and「ちゃわん」",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "While there is a [history of the naming](http://gogen-\nallguide.com/to/donburi.html) of どんぶり, suffice to say that they are generally\nlarger and normally used for meals rather than beverages.\n\nThere is no definitive consensus as to minimum size requirements to call\nsomething どんぶり or 丼鉢｛どんぶりばち｝(which is why one shop might call a middle-sized\nbowl a どんぶり while another calls it ちゃわん), but if it looks like it is more\nsuited to a large _bowl of rice_ (or noodle dish) than a _cup of tea_ then\nmost people would use どんぶり.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T20:59:48.700",
"id": "65543",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T08:44:36.023",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-17T08:44:36.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65541",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65541
| null |
65543
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have done my best to research the meaning of しかたない and I have discovered \"It\ncan't be helped\", \"It is unavoidable\" and \"Oh well\".\n\nThese are all expressions of resignation in the face of inevitability, and I\ncan't see when you would answer in that way when asked your opinion about a\nproduct feature.\n\nIs there another interpretation that I haven't been able to find?\n\nHere is a scan from the original document:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1LmOP.png)",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-16T23:32:39.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65544",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-13T06:00:34.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32973",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How is しかたない an opinion about a product feature?",
"view_count": 363
}
|
[
{
"body": "もし、あなたのテレビの画像が状態が悪かったならば(二重に映るなど)、どうかんじますか = What do you feel if the TV\ndoesn't display properly (e.g. Some ghost makes the double images)?\n\nThis is a survey. (Most of Japanese people say \"Enquête\" due to the French\nword of this introduced before English.) You can select your answer from the\noptions:\n\n 1. 気に入る Still like it. \n 2. 当然である It has to be a matter of course.\n 3. 何も感じない Feel nothing.\n 4. しかたない Have no choice.\n 5. 気に入らない Don't like it.\n 6. その他(...) Other (...)\n\nThe electrician or the radio station engineer and the same kind of the tech\nsavvy fellows would choose, しかたない by the reasons such as the house is in the\nforest, skyscraper or far away from the station.\n\n_When we have an ordinary television (non-digital), sometimes it wasn't clear\nby a slight delay of radio wave echos from mountain/building reflections._",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T02:29:13.717",
"id": "65549",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-18T04:33:36.137",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-18T04:33:36.137",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65544",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65544
| null |
65549
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65546",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I couldn't find the answer to this.\n\nSometimes when I'm on the subway in Japan when getting close to the next stop\nin some trains it can be heard **オレンジは右側です** , not sure if it's **オレンジ**\nthough. Meaning the exit is on the right or left side, any clue if it's saying\n**オレンジ** or anything else? If **オレンジ** is being said, why orange?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T00:54:51.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65545",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T01:00:43.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of オレンジ in オレンジは右側です",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are probably saying:\n\n> お出口{でぐち}は右側です\n\nMeaning, of course, the exit is on the right.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T01:00:43.650",
"id": "65546",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T01:00:43.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "65545",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65545
|
65546
|
65546
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It has been suggested in a comment here: [How is しかたない an opinion about a\nproduct feature?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65544/how-\nis-%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-an-opinion-about-a-product-\nfeature) that しかたない might be a characteristically Japanese response to a\nquestion (that a Western person might never give).\n\nIs this a valid observation? If so, what would a Japanese person mean when\nreplying in this manner to a market research question about a product?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T01:39:37.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65547",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T16:26:33.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32973",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Is しかたない a characteristically Japanese response to a question?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the context of your other post, I think that it's not a peculiarly Japanese\nresponse. I would think of it in that context as an expression of the feeling\n_\"there's nothing I can do about it\"_.\n\nHowever, I also think that in Japanese culture, it's more common than in\nEnglish-speaking culture to express feelings of \"there's nothing\nI/we/you/anyone can do about it\".\n\nIn English-speaking culture _(please let me know if you agree)_ , a person who\noften expresses such feelings of some kind of \"helplessness\" is likely to be\nlooked down upon as not being motivated, self-empowered, etc. It seems to me,\nin Japanese culture this is not the case and expressions like this are more\nlikely to elicit understanding, fellow-feeling and respect for a persons\nhumility.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T16:26:33.217",
"id": "65564",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T16:26:33.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65547",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65547
| null |
65564
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65557",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out how to say \"Maybe it's just because ____, but...\" in\nJapanese, but I'm not sure how to place 'just because' in its own clause that\nway.\n\nIf I'm not mistaken, the expression '____という理由だけで' roughly translates to 'just\nbecause ____'. However, since I've only ever seen it used as part of a\nsentence about something else, like '友達がその本を推薦したという理由だけで読んだ', I can't tell\nwhether the で in it acts as a particle, or the te-form of the copula.\n\nObviously, this is a problem when I'm trying to use the expression as a clause\nto add が to in my sentence. Does anyone know the proper way to do so?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T05:44:21.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65554",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-17T07:13:01.210",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-17T05:55:10.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "32992",
"owner_user_id": "32992",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Is the で in という理由だけで a form of だ or the instrumental particle?",
"view_count": 272
}
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[
{
"body": "The use of で here fits the second\n[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A7) definition:\n\n> with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens\n\nThe で here attaches to 理由, rather than だけ. 'Via' and 'per', and 'for' could\nalso be suitable translations given the right context.\n\n〇〇[という理由で](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E7%90%86%E7%94%B1%E3%81%A7)\n&\n〇〇[というわけで](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%A7)\nFor that reason; on the grounds of _____.\n\nI assume you want to add が to mean 'but'. If you show the specific sentence\nthat you have in mind and attempt your own translation a fruitful answer may\nemerge.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T06:58:35.953",
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65554
|
65557
|
65557
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65556",
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"body": "I'm trying to translate this phrase: 「全ての生物をブッチ切りで超越したのだ！。」 which I believe\nroughly comes out to be: \"I have surpassed all living beings!\"\n\nMy question is: how is で used in this sentence? It is preceded by the noun,\naccording to Jishou, 「ブッチ切り」, which means \"to establish a large lead above\none's competitors\". After the particle is ちょうえつ, meaning \"to transcend\". Since\nthey both have similar meanings, I am confused about how the particle で\nconnects the two in a sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T05:47:56.563",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What does the で do in this phrase?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ぶっちぎり」 would usually be written in hiragana instead of mix of katakana and\nkanji. And it is a very casual word (in the sense it should not be used in any\nformal occasions).\n\nSo as you mentioned, 「ぶっちぎり」somewhat means 'exceed by far', and 「超越」 means\n'transcend' in formal translation. When you connect these two together with で,\n「ぶっちぎり」becomes an adjective for 「超越」. Thus even if you remove 「ぶっちぎりで」from the\nsentence it makes perfect sense. So in English\n\n> 'to transcend **by far** '\n\nthe bold part would be the equivlant of 「ぶっちぎりで」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T06:19:22.467",
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65555
|
65556
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65556
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{
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"body": "> A: 事故 **による** 死者が増えている。 \n> B: 帰る時間は、曜日 **によって** 違います。 \n> C: 佐藤さん **によれば** 、田中さんは会社をやめるということです。 \n> D: 関西空港はイタリア人 **によって** 設計されました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T10:50:42.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65558",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-17T12:16:00.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Difference between よる/よって",
"view_count": 417
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 事故による死者が増えている。 \n> Casualties due to accidents are increasing.\n\nIn this sentence による acts like (is?) a verb. It is used in a relative clause\nwhich is modifying 死者. Q. What kind of casualties? A. Those which are due to\naccidents.\n\n> 帰る時間は、曜日によって違います。 \n> Going home time differs according to the day of the week.\n\nIn this sentence によって is just the て-form of による. It acts adverbially. Q. How\ndoes going home time differ? A. It differs according to the day of the week.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T11:08:24.873",
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{
"body": "Stem form よる attaches to the following noun 死者.\n\n> （事故による死者）が（増えている）。[Accident casualties _(casualties due to accidents)_ ]\n> [are increasing].\n\n☝Only speaks of accident casualties.\n\n* * *\n\nて-form creates a clause separation.\n\n> （事故によって）（死者が増えている）。[Due to accidents] [casualties are increasing].\n\n☝Speaks of total casualties (accidental and non-accidental).",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T21:40:56.983",
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65558
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65559
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{
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"body": "I'm taking beginner Japanese lessons. Would お疲れ様でした be an appropriate thing\none might say to the teacher at the end of a lesson?\n\nWe're \"colleagues\" in a sense since I'm an academic at the same university;\nbut in the context of the lesson of course I'm a student and she is the\nsensei.\n\nIf it makes any difference, the lesson finishes at 7pm, so it's the end of the\nwork day.\n\nWould this be a good alternative to saying something like ありがとう ございます? What\nother phrases would be appropriate in that context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T14:42:59.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65561",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Saying お疲れ様でした to teacher at the end of a lesson?",
"view_count": 5595
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case, just saying お疲れ様でした would sound disrespectful, because she is\nthe sensei during the lessons, after all. After you reach an advanced level,\nsaying ありがとうございました first and adding お疲れ様でした would be nice:\n\n> ○○先生、ありがとうございました。遅くまでお疲れ様でした。次回もよろしくお願いします。\n\nBut as a starter, let's never forget to say ありがとうございました.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T16:15:10.607",
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},
{
"body": "There is a very different dynamic between student and teacher than there is\nbetween two colleagues, even colleagues occupying different places in the\nhierarchy. You need to see yourself as having two separate identities in\nrelation to this teacher.\n\nWhile you are in the role of a student, you should speak as a student. This is\nespecially important if you are in the company of other students.\n\nYou need to decide the point when you are stepping out of the role of student\nand into the role of colleague and ensure that it matches or follows the point\nat which your teacher has shed their role.\n\nThere may be subtle indicators that the teacher has shed their role. How they\nspeak to you, how they address you, and their general demeanor might be more\nor less subtle clues.\n\nAll of this might, however, be of no special importance to your particular\nteacher. Some people tend to be more or less concerned about what is\nconsidered 'proper etiquette' and part of your job is to gauge your teacher's\nposition and if you can't, to err on the side of propriety.\n\nLong story short, when you're in the classroom or in the presence of other\nstudents immediately before/after class, ありがとうございました would likely be more\nappropriate.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T16:23:27.273",
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65561
|
65563
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65562
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{
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"body": "Translators say:\n\nあくまで means: doggedly、insistently、persistently、stubbornly、to the bitter end、to\nthe end、to the last、to the utmost\n\n一応 means: tentatively、for the time being、in outline、just in case、once、one\ntime、so far as it goes\n\nI couldn’t understand how to solve this puzzle",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T18:09:38.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65565",
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"owner_user_id": "32044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Translating あくまで一応ですけどね",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's very hard to give a correct translation without any context, but\nあくまで一応ですけどね usually means something like \"You know, this is just for making\nsure\", \"Well, I know this is not mandatory/critical\", \"I'm suggesting this\nmerely as a backup, after all\", \"I don't have a strong opinion, though\", etc.,\ndepending on what 一応 is actually referring to.\n\nあくまで is a difficult expression, in this context it's closer to \"just\" and/or\n\"after all\". Basically it's emphasizing the meaning of 一応. See: [Meaning of\nあくまで in あくまで私個人の意見です](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11363/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-18T08:49:35.993",
"id": "65574",
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65565
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65574
|
65574
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{
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"body": "After missing an appointment, which would be more appropriate for asking for\nforgiveness or apologizing?\n\n> ごめんなさい でした\n\nor\n\n> 本当にごめんね。ほんとうに ごめんね\n\nIn particular, considering the difference between the two, which would be\nbetter to use for a 先生?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T18:49:20.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65566",
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"owner_user_id": "33000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Polite form of apology with tense form?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, the best is:\n\n> > 申｛もう｝し訳｛わけ｝ありませんでした。 I'm very sorry (lit. 'there was no excuse').",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-17T21:24:43.620",
"id": "65569",
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65569
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{
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"body": "歯が痛くて何を食べても美味しくない\n\nvs\n\n魚を食べてもいい\n\nThe first example seems to me as though\n\n何ても - anything and in the middle is 食べ\n\nSo basically reading as Anything Eaten is not delicious\n\nbut the second example im reading it as Even if its fish you eat , its okay\n(giving permission)\n\nwhere it isn't connected to the Question Who, what, when wear words...\n\nThis is so confusing to me, i even read this article but i dont understand why\nwhen there isn't a question word the meaning seems to change\n\nI read this a few times as well\n\n<http://maggiesensei.com/2016/10/12/wh-everno-matter-\nwhhow-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-temodemo/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-17T19:01:34.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65567",
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"owner_user_id": "27669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "何を食べても美味しくない vs 魚を食べてもいい",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding seems to be fairly accurate.\n\nVerb in て-form + も generally means \"even if verb\". e.g. 食べても = \"even if you\neat\".\n\nFor giving permission てもいい is a special case, but it still makes sense to\nthink of it as 'even if'. 食べてもいい = \"even if you eat, it's good\" = \"It's okay\nif you eat\".\n\nA question word preceding the verb changes the usage again. 何を食べても = \"No\nmatter what you eat\". I can't think of a way to express this in English using\n\"even if\", but hopefully you can see there's a connection. Other examples:\n\n> どこに行っても = No matter where you go \n> だれに話しても = No matter who you talk to \n> 歯が痛くて何を食べても美味しくない = I have tooth ache and no matter what I eat it's not\n> nice.\n\nI'm not sure I've told you anything you didn't already know. Let me know if\nit's still not clear.",
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"body": "I have encountered a sentence:\n\nそれができないのは、家庭での「しつけが悪い」ということになります\n\nFrom 日本人の心がわかる日本語 森田 六郎\n\nWhat I don‘t get is 家庭での. I have not seen での before. Shouldn‘t it just be\n家庭のhere? If not, what is the nuance please? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T01:48:11.523",
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"id": "65571",
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"owner_user_id": "17615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What does here 家庭での means?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[] |
65571
| null | null |
{
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"body": "The general rule to choose between _kun_ (とし) and _on_ (ネン) readings does not\nseem to work here. Are 今年, 去年, 来年, 毎年, 半年, etc. different kinds of compounds\njustifying using different readings? Is this the usual rule applied in a\nsubtle or complicated way?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T10:57:30.773",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"compounds",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 年",
"view_count": 416
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you say, there are general rules that can help a reader know when a _kanji_\nshould be read using _onyomi_ and when to use _kunyomi_ , but those rules are\ngeneral and not universal. It is _generally_ the case that _onyomi_ are used\nfor compounds, but that rule is not universal. As with any language, one of\nthe challenges of mastering Japanese is learning both the generally applicable\nrules and the exceptions to those rules.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-18T23:07:21.503",
"id": "65580",
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"body": "I think it might be much more helpful for you to think of \"words\" having\n\"writings\" rather than \"characters\" having \"readings\".\n\nFor instance, as a speaker or learner or Japanese you know the \"word\"\nきょう(today) and you know the \"word\" あした(tomorrow). Then, you learn how to\n\"write\" or \"spell\" these words:\n\n> **今日{きょう}、明日{あした}**\n\nThen, maybe later you pick up the word あす( _also meaning tomorrow_ ) and you\nask, how do I write that? And the teacher/your mom/おばあちゃん etc. says \"It's\nwritten the same way as あした\". You think, \"Oh, OK\"... and you go about your\nbusiness.\n\nThen, you are taught how to write the word you know for yesterday（昨日{きのう}）and\nyou also learn how to write the days of the week like,\n日曜日{にちようび}、月曜日{げつようび}、火曜日{かようび}、etc.\n\nAt some point you take a class trip to 日光{にっこう} and you have such a great time\nthat you want to write a letter to your おばあちゃん to tell her all about it.\n\nMaybe you write something like this in your letter,\n\n> 昨 **日** 、遠足{えんそく}で **日** 光に行{い}ってきました。すごく楽{たの}しかったです！ **日** 曜 **日**\n> に帰{かえ}りました。明 **日** はおばあちゃんのとこに行きます。写真{しゃしん}をおばあちゃんに見{み}せたいです。\n\n * _Yesterday, (we) went on a field trip to Nikko. It was a lot of fun! (We) came back on Sunday. (We) are coming to your house tomorrow. I want to show you the photos (I took in Nikko)._\n\nAs you were writing your letter, you didn't think about whether the\ncharacter「日」is read のう、にっ、にち、び、す、した and neither did your おばあちゃん as she was\nreading it.\n\nThe point of the story is that thinking of characters as having readings is\noften a bit like putting the cart before the horse. Most of the time,\nespecially in the beginning, you will already be familiar with a word _and\nthen_ you will learn how to write/spell/read it.\n\nLater on, when you come across a word only in writing that you do not know you\nwill likely know how to look it up and learn the pronunciation and meaning\ntogether (though you could probably guess from your experience with other\nwords and characters).\n\nJust to reiterate, it is much more helpful to think of **_words that have\nwritings_** , rather than _characters that have readings_. All the more so for\nvery common words.\n\nTo directly answer your question, there is no subtle rule in these cases as to\nhow a word will be written, even some on-yomi are usually written in kana. （\n**さっそく** 、 **がん** 、そろ **ばん** 、 **ぜんぜん** ）\n\n 1. First you learn a word \n 2. Then you learn how it can be written\n 3. Then you encounter it in the world and decide how to read it\n\nIf there is any general rule to comment on, I think it would just be that on-\nyomi tend to be more formal or academic, whereas kun-yomi tend to be more\nfrank or poetic. So if you have a choice, like in the case of,\n\n * 毎年{まいねん}(on-yomi + on-yomi) \n * 毎年{まいとし}(on-yomi + kun-yomi)\n\n...you would probably want to read まいねん if the context is formal, and まいとし if\nit is not formal.\n\n * ことし、こんねん → **今年**\n\n * まいとし、まいねん → **毎年**",
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"body": "Up until now, I think have I never seen a space in the Japanese textbook I'm\nusing (Genki). However, when I started trying to read this まんが, I realised\nthat, sometimes, there are spaces. Since this one is the very first I'm\nreading, I don't know if it's specific to this series, or happens normally.\nAnyway, I've attached a picture where this appears (last panel, on the left,\nbetween また and すげー).\n\nDue to the lack of punctuation, I'm guessing this is a way of separating\nsentences, but I'm not sure. Another option that comes to mind is that it is\nused to facilitate the reading, like how they do it in children's books.\nStill, that shouldn't be applicable here (at the very least, this isn't\nsupposed to be a book meant for children, I'd say). Could someone clarify this\nfor me?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lwgjK.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T17:11:42.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65576",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-18T19:22:03.423",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-18T19:18:10.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"manga",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Spaces and end of sentences in まんが",
"view_count": 452
}
|
[
{
"body": "Translated from\n[NAVERまとめ](http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2133160927238818001/2133199034955018103):\n\n> With most manga publishers other than Shogakukan (which uses more standard\n> punctuation markers), it is an implicit rule to use spaces instead of the\n> reading and punctuation markers, and users of the internet who are\n> influenced by reading these manga and its lack of punctuation are numerous.\n\nIn other words, depending on the publisher, they may use fewer or more\npunctuation markers and you just have to get used to that style.\n\nEdit: As @Ringil mentions, this applies mainly to periods and commas.\nExclamation points and question marks are used fairly ubiquitously, as they\nare needed to convey any tone that would be unrecognizable without them. \nIt should also be mentioned that often ellipses take the place of spaces,\ndepending on the publication.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T18:42:53.740",
"id": "65578",
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"parent_id": "65576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65576
|
65578
|
65578
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> すぐにそのことに思い至らなかったのが自分でも **以外** だった。\n\nIs he saying that he is surprise by the fact that EVEN to him, not realising\nthis immediately was/is something bad?\n\n> Noun + 以外 : with the exception of; excepting\n\nIs probably the only \"以外\" that I know..\n\nCan you explain to me how am I suppose to interpret this \"以外\" ?\n\n> それにしても、ハルカの主張は筋が通らない気がした。\n\nAnd the second part is \"Nevertheless, Haruka's claim, to me, make no sense\"\ncorrect?\n\nthanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T17:21:34.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65577",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-18T17:21:34.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "The meaning of 以外 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[] |
65577
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In a manga I am reading, I found this sentence:\n\n> \"私も最近は寝るの朝の９時くらい\"\n\nI understand its meaning from context:\n\n> I also sleep around 9 in the morning these days.\n\nBut I don't get why there is の between 寝る and 朝. I would like to see word to\nword translation. Is it a contraction of\n\n> 私も最近は寝るの **は** 朝の９時くらい\n\nor something like that?\n\nSource: (働かない二人) <http://yamakamu.com/archives/4077130.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-18T21:50:41.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65579",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-18T23:22:34.103",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-18T23:22:34.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "18134",
"owner_user_id": "18134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases",
"manga"
],
"title": "Is 寝るの朝 a set phrase?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[] |
65579
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I really need someones help and PRONTO!! So I have finally decided my next\nJapanese Kanji tattoo! :) BUT I got one problem when I was doing some research\non \"Fall down seven times, stand up eight.\" I have found at lest two different\nways of writing it! Can someone please help me figure out the if they're both\nright and have the same meaning?\n\n1) 七転び八起き (probably most common)\n\nor\n\n2) 七転八起 (most preferred since its shorter)\n\nAre they both correct? Does the shorter one still has the same meaning and\ncould it be understood as the first one?\n\nThanks! ;)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T01:57:16.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65583",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T12:52:15.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-19T03:34:59.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33008",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"idioms",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "Difference between 七転び八起き and 七転八起",
"view_count": 1391
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are understandable, and both are in the スーパー大辞林 dictionary. Japanese\nspeakers will recognise and understand both easily.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T02:37:14.660",
"id": "65584",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T02:37:14.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10361",
"parent_id": "65583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The longer one is the normal way to express this idea in everyday speech and\nwriting, but it also means it looks fairly \"mundane\" to the eyes of native\nspeakers.\n\nThe shorter one is less common but is still safely understood. Importantly,\n七転八起 is a [yoji-jukugo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yojijukugo), which means\nit has a certain aesthetic quality. (Also see\n[this](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/yojijukugo-idioms/).) Generally\nspeaking, yoji-jukugo without any hiragana look more authentic/traditional (or\nsometimes even \"mystic\"). For example, they are more suitable in a hanging\nscroll of a karate dojo, or as a traditional-style company slogan. I'm not\nsaying I'm a fan of kanji tattoos, but if I had to choose one, I would go with\n七転八起.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T04:01:07.560",
"id": "65585",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T12:52:15.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-19T12:52:15.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65583
| null |
65585
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{
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"answer_count": 0,
"body": "文章を読んで、何について書いているか考えてください. I think it means, read the sentence(s), and think\nabout something to write. I don't understand why か is between 書いている instead of\nて-form.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T13:15:58.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65586",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T13:15:58.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33014",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What is the function of か between these two verbs?",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[] |
65586
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65589",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Person A: 頑張って{がんばって}！\n\nPerson B: ありがとう！ **がんばする** ！\n\nIs it right to use that last phrase by person B?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T15:31:09.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65587",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-20T10:36:11.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33018",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does the phrase がんばする makes sense?",
"view_count": 1710
}
|
[
{
"body": "頑張って is the te-form of the verb 頑張る. To the best of my knowledge 頑張 on its own\nis not a real word and so could not form a する verb.\n\nAlthough, curiously, I did find a handful of uses of 頑張する on Google, but I'm\nsure it's not standard. Maybe a native speaker can comment on that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T16:44:17.480",
"id": "65588",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T16:44:17.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> Is it right to use that last phrase by person B?\n\nThe answer can be yes or no. がんばする is understandable, but is far from\nstandard. You should avoid using it if you are still learning how to write\nstandard and correct Japanese sentences. Of course the correct form is がんばる,\nwhich is a godan verb.\n\nThat being said, if you really saw ガンバする said by a native speaker in an online\nchat or such, it's probably not a typo, either. Native speakers often play on\nwords and use funny and loose expressions knowing they're not standard, and\nガンバする is one of such examples. Actually ガンバする is not entirely baseless because\n\"ガンバ!\" on its own is recognized as a (bit outdated) expression meaning \"hang\nin there!\" or \"do your best!\" (hence the name [Gamba\nOsaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamba_Osaka)). ガンバする is not common enough\nto be called an established slangy verb, but you can easily find real examples\nof it with a simple Google search.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T17:17:28.780",
"id": "65589",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-19T17:17:28.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
},
{
"body": "My Japanese is pretty minimal but after living there (Nagoya) for a couple of\nyears my instinct would be to say 頑張ります (がんばります)!\n\nThis link has is really useful if you haven't found it already:\n<http://wiredinjapan.blogspot.com/2009/03/do-your-best-ganbatte.html>\n\n頑張ってね！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T10:36:11.843",
"id": "65594",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-20T10:36:11.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33026",
"parent_id": "65587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
65587
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65589
|
65589
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{
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"body": "I have frequently seen 選ばれし者 used as a translation for the English phrase\n_\"The Chosen One\"_. I know that し is the 連体形 of the auxiliary verb き which,\n[quoting from\nデジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/50189/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8D/), is\nused when expressing things in the past that the speaker has personally\nexperienced (直接経験を回想的に表す) or when remembering the past that has definitely\nhappened (確実な過去の事実を回想する).\n\nHowever, in English, the phrase _\"The Chosen One\"_ is often used as as a\nconjecture. Here are some examples ( ** _SPOILER WARNING_** ):\n\n * In _Star Wars_ , Anakin Skywalker is **_thought_** to be the _\"The Chosen One\"_ mentioned in a prophecy. And yet there's certainly ambiguity if he really is the _\"The Chosen One\"_ or not. There's no real moment or event where he was chosen by someone or something and no one who calls Anakin _\"The Chosen One\"_ knows for sure if he is or isn't. There is just a belief that he could be it. \n * In this case, there are arguments that the _\"The Chosen One\"_ isn't actually Anakin. And thus the event during which Anakin would have been chosen would have been purely hypothetical.\n * In the _Harry Potter_ series, Harry is **_speculated to be_** _\"The Chosen One\"_ by the newspapers because of the existence of prophecy whose contents are unknown. The prophecy is assumed to say that Harry is the only person who can defeat the main villain. Although in this series, there isn't much ambiguity that Harry actually was chosen by someone (by the main villain as his worthy opponent), the people calling him _\"The Chosen One\"_ would not have personally experienced that event and those people would also not know with certainty that Harry was chosen as they do not know the contents of the prophecy. They at most are speculating.\n\nYet, in both of these cases the Japanese translation is 選ばれし者. Is there a\nnuance I'm missing in き that allows you to use it for speculative talk or is\nthere a more correct way to translate _\"The Chosen One\"_ in classical style\nJapanese?\n\nEDIT: To make myself a little clearer, I think for example in\n\n> [I have seen and I testify that this is God’s Chosen\n> One.”](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John.1.33-John.1.34&version)\n\nit seems like it would sense to use 選ばれし者 because the speaker would have\npersonally seen the event. Another example would be when one is quoting\nsomeone.\n\nHowever, I feel a statement like 選ばれし者だった (the translation for \"You were the\nChosen One\" in a [famous scene](https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/you-were-the-\nchosen-one) in Star Wars) seems extremely illogical in Japanese. From what\nI've read about き is that there's no implication at all of continuation of the\nstate. It either happened or it didn't. So, it seems extremely odd that one\ncould change from being chosen to not being chosen.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-19T21:32:27.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65590",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"classical-japanese",
"auxiliary-き"
],
"title": "Is 選ばれし者 a grammatically correct translation of \"The Chosen One\"?",
"view_count": 1530
}
|
[
{
"body": "At first I was thinking that the 「し」in「選ばれ **し** 者」was not a form of（助動詞）「き」,\nbut was rather the 副助詞「し」...\n\nHowever, I've been looking at examples for this (副助詞)「し」and I haven't been\nable to find any where the following word is a noun, so I'm sure my initial\nidea was mistaken and you are correct that this し is the noun-modifying 連体形\nconjugation of（助動詞）「き」.\n\nThere is an interesting comment on this particular phrase that might be\nrelevant to your question in the Wikipedia article on 完了形:\n\n> 現代の擬古的表現「 **選ばれし者** よ」などは、文語体の過去と完了の区別を知らないために\n> 生じたもので、「過去に選ばれ、現在もその結果が継続している」という意味では「 **選ば れたる者** よ」というのが正しい。\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E4%BA%86%E5%BD%A2>\n\nThere is also a related answer here:\n\n[Grammar of (verb)し(noun) such as in\n選ばれし者](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14498/grammar-of-\nverb%E3%81%97noun-such-as-in-%E9%81%B8%E3%81%B0%E3%82%8C%E3%81%97%E8%80%85)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T01:58:00.060",
"id": "65592",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-20T12:28:53.590",
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think the English and Japanese are the same linguistically. They can both be\nembedded in speculative or negative contexts without issue:\n\n> だが、選ばれし者ではなかった \n> However, he wasn’t the chosen one.\n>\n> 選ばれし者のはずだったのに… \n> He was supposed to have been the chosen one...\n>\n> 本当に選ばれし者なのか？ \n> Is he really the chosen one?\n>\n> 選ばれし者であろう人が現れた \n> Someone likely to be the chosen one appeared\n>\n> この門を開けるのは選ばれし者のみ \n> Only the chosen one can open this gate\n\nI think your Q is possibly also trying to make a point that in English it’s\n_more_ common to use the expression in negative or speculative contexts than\nnormal positive contexts, which I think I can see. But even there, I don’t\nthink the distribution of usage is particularly different in Japanese, and\neven if it was, that’d be saying more about the tropes used in Japanese\nfiction than the word itself IMO.\n\nBTW, it’s very common for modern usages of historical grammar to have\ndifferent meanings, nuances and distributions than they originally did. In\nmodern Japanese, I’d say the main differences between 選ばれし者 and 選ばれた者 are that\nthe former 1. sounds more grandoise, 2. feels more like a single unit/noun 3.\ngives the impression that they are Chosen by some higher authority (god, etc)\nas opposed to chosen by a normal person/process. In those senses, it seems to\nmap pretty well to the English.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T20:48:37.700",
"id": "65601",
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}
] |
65590
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65601
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{
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"body": "I saw the following 2 options in an exam question:\n\n> 私は__に行く\n>\n> a. 外で遊び \n> b. 外へ遊び\n\nThe answer is '外へ遊びに行く'\n\nDoes 'で' also work here? What's the difference here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T14:23:37.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65596",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-23T15:26:49.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "32689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "\"外で遊びに行く\" vs \"外へ遊びに行く\"",
"view_count": 903
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **外へ** 遊びに **行く** (head outside to play)\n\n-> The implication here is that the actor is not currently outside, and will _head out_ to play.\n\n> **外で** 遊びに **行く**\n\n-> This sounds odd because it means that the actor \"goes to play\" when he's already outside. It's not really clear where he would be going, if anywhere. \n\nThis is similar to saying something like, \" _go out outside_ \" in English.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T18:14:39.600",
"id": "65600",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-23T02:58:00.177",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-23T02:58:00.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65596",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "I think the fundamental thing here is that the main verb is 行く, which is a\nmovement verb and thus has a directionality associated with it. It requires a\ndestination.\n\nFor now, let's ignore the 遊びに, which is used to specify intent/purpose for the\n行く action. Then the sentence basically boils downs to\n\n> 外で行くvs 外へ行く\n\nHere is where the directionality matters. 外 is a location, but で tells us that\nwe are already at 外. Yet, we don't know what the destination is, making this\nis very confusing and unnatural. Meanwhile, へ is typically used to specify a\ndirection/destination, making it the natural choice here (に is okay too). Note\nalso that you could say 外で遊ぶ but not 外に遊ぶ or 外へ遊ぶ. This is because the verb 遊ぶ\ndoesn't have an directionality so it's natural to specify the location and\nunnatural to use a direction/destination particle.\n\nOkay, so let's talk about the 遊びに now. It's interesting because unlike with\nmany other parts of Japanese, moving this feels quite odd. However, because\nboth 外へ遊ぶ and 外に遊ぶ are just invalid, in this case it's rather straightforward\nI think.\n\nThus, if you said\n\n> 遊びに外へ行く\n\nI think everyone would understand you. It's also grammatical. Because of this\nI think it's fine to just consider the simplified case above to decide which\none to use.\n\nThere are some strange grammatical quirks thought about the Verbに行く\nconstruction as mentioned in the comments on @sazarando's answer, so I'll talk\na bit about what I found with regards to that. In [_On restructuring\ninfinitives in Japanese:Adjunction, clausal architecture, and phases_ by\nMasahiko\nTakahashi](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d4b5/8da6b451476121ffdab38c0dcd74c7fa853b.pdf),\nhe talks about the grammaticality of swapping the sentence\n\n> 僕が図書館に本を借りに行ける\n\ninto\n\n> 僕が[本を借りに]図書館に行ける\n\nI think the interesting thing about this is that, first, the clause [本を借りに] is\nconsidered optional and, secondly, that the clause moves as a unit. But, based\non the paper, I think this behavior is limited to when there is a clause where\nthe Vmasu in Vmasuに行く is being used (i.e. 友達に会い, 本を借り). So that situation\ndoesn't apply here because 外に遊ぶ and 外へ遊ぶ are just not grammatically valid.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T15:14:06.567",
"id": "65687",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-28T21:04:27.777",
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"score": 4
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65596
| null |
65600
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65599",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From Basho:\n\n> 蓮池や折らでそのまま玉祭\n\nI have the impression that 折らで would be 折らないで without ない. If that's the case\nis it an artistic choice or some obscure grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T17:20:17.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65597",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9357",
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"classical-japanese",
"literature"
],
"title": "Meaning of 折らで in a haiku",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "In classical Japanese, で after an irrealis-form (未然形) means ないで in modern\nJapanese. So 折らで means 折らないで or \"without snapping off\".\n\n> ### [で](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7)\n>\n> 接続助詞\n>\n> 《接続》活用語の未然形に付く。 **〔打消の接続〕…ないで。…ずに。**\n\nThis で is surviving as part of\n[ならでは](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF-nara-dewa/)\n(etymologically, copula-なり + で + contrastive-は → \"unless so\", \"if it were not\"\n→ \"unique to\", \"found only in\")",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T18:09:14.710",
"id": "65599",
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65597
|
65599
|
65599
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65602",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I posted a sentence to be corrected which was:\n\n> 私は辛い野菜が不味い。\n\nand they told me to use 「嫌い」 instead of 「不味い」.\n\nWhat is the difference between the two when it comes to food?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T18:05:20.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65598",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "33017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"food"
],
"title": "不味い versus 嫌い with food",
"view_count": 226
}
|
[
{
"body": "私は辛い野菜が嫌い makes sense because this is the grammar pattern used to talk about\nthings you like or do not like.\n\n * 私は...が嫌い\n * 私は...が好き\n\nI think it's important to note that both 嫌い and 好き are nouns.\n\nReally, they are nominalized verbs,\n\n * 嫌う(to dislike) → 嫌い(something disliked)\n * 好く(to like) → 好き(something liked)\n\nYou might think of the Japanese grammar as saying something like,\n\n * \" ** _I have_** a dislike for spicy vegetables.\"\n\n私は辛い野菜が不味い is incorrect because this is not the grammar pattern used to talk\nabout whether you think something is tasty or not. 不味い is an i-adjective,\nmeaning \"bad tasting\".\n\nThe correct grammar pattern for telling someone what you think is tasty or not\n(assuming you want to use 私は) would be,\n\n * 私は辛い野菜が不味い **と思う**. \n\nIf you don't say the と思う part, then it is similar to saying _\" **I have**\nspicy vegetables taste bad\"_ in English.\n\nThere are two ways to fix this, either remove \"I\" and change the topic to\n\"spicy vegetables\" or add \"think\"...\n\n * **辛い野菜は** 不味い → \"Spicy vegetables taste bad\" \n * 私は辛い野菜が不味い **と思う** → \"I think spicy vegetables taste bad\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T20:53:30.243",
"id": "65602",
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] |
65598
|
65602
|
65602
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 海の中を泳ぐよ \n> _umi no naka wo oyogu yo_\n\n\"wo\" is the direct object particle, so does this mean \"swim the in the sea?\"\nBut that doesn't make much sense.\n\nThis was from a children's colouring sheet showing a character swimming\nthrough the sea. Nothing else was written.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T21:29:09.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65603",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"verbs-of-motion"
],
"title": "Use of 'wo' in \"umi no naka wo oyogu yo\"",
"view_count": 733
}
|
[
{
"body": "It actually means \"swim through the sea!\"(Exclamation added because the\nsentence ends with yo.)\n\nSome motion verbs use \"wo\" instead of \"ni\" despite being intransitive. See:\n[Direct objects of motion verbs and help with the difference between を and\nに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61071/direct-objects-of-\nmotion-verbs-and-help-with-the-difference-between-%E3%82%92-and-%E3%81%AB)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-20T21:31:10.547",
"id": "65604",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "With verbs of motion,\n\n * に and へ indicate destination\n * を means 'along (road, river)' or 'across' (going from A to B)\n * で is where you do something (not going anywhere).\n\nThe latter case has no real change of location, like swimming in a pool. To me\nthis is simply the で for verbs of action (swimming in a pool is an action but\ndoes not go anywhere, so in this context it is not a verb of motion).\n\nを is foremost the particle for direct objects, but that does not mean that it\nalways is. Likewise, に is the particle for indirect objects, but one does not\ngenerally consider that '[place]に' is an indirect object.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-21T08:34:40.353",
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65603
| null |
65604
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65610",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The kanji 閑 contains 門 + 木. Why does gate + tree mean 'leisure'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T02:02:25.180",
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"id": "65608",
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"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is the meaning of kanji 閑 \"leisure\"?",
"view_count": 2035
}
|
[
{
"body": "閑 is a compound ideogram composed of a gate latched shut with wood. And it\nmeant something like door latch or fencing originally.\n\nEventually, the meaning of spare time or leisure was borrowed from another\nkanji that has the same reading, 間. This was pretty common in the history of\nkanji, for kanji with the same reading to just pick up meanings from each\nother. So you can't always look at a kanji's elements and just assume there\nwas some intent to express the modern meaning with pictures.\n\nIn Japanese, it basically only retains the adopted meaning and associated\nconcepts, like tranquil (as seen in 閑散, 森閑) or negligent (as seen in 閑却, 等閑).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T02:19:53.910",
"id": "65609",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "The word meaning _leisure_ was originally written as「閒」.\n\n「閒」depicts _moonlight_ 「月」streaming through a _door_ 「門」, indicating the\noriginal meaning _crack, space_. This was extended to mean _free time,\nleisure_.「閒」is no longer used, so:\n\n * _Space_ is now written as「間」\n * _Free time, leisure_ borrowed the identically pronounced character「閑」.\n\n「閑」is a compound of a _wooden_ obstruction「木」blocking a _door_ 「門」, indicating\nthe original meaning _fence, railing, obstruction_. This meaning is no longer\nused by the character「閑」, so there is no confusion as to what「閑」means.\n\n> The word representing the original meaning of「[閑]{げん・かん}」([\n> _Zhengzhang_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Zhengzhang_\\(1981%E2%80%931995\\))\n> [OC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese): **/*ɡreːn/** ) is cognate\n> to「[欄]{らん}」( **/*ɡ·raːn/** ; _handrail_ ) and possibly「限{げん・かん}」(\n> **/*ɡrɯːnʔ/** ; _boundary, limit_ ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T02:28:19.343",
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65608
|
65610
|
65610
|
{
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"answer_count": 5,
"body": "If I said “he did X to me,” I would probably say 彼にXされた. On the other hand, if\nI said “I let him do X,” I would say 彼にXさせた. But if I were to combine the two\nand say 彼にXさせられた, that would mean “he made me do X,” correct? How then would I\nbe able to say “I let him do X to me”?\n\nEDIT: for a more concrete example, say I was in a class and we were made to\nform groups. Either we chose our groupmates ourselves, or we let the teacher\ngroup us. Say I let the teacher put me in a group: how would I say “I let the\nteacher put me in a group?” (I imagine saying “the teacher put me in a group”\nwould involve passive voice, me being the narrator and therefore the subject\nof the sentence).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T07:27:04.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65611",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T08:33:30.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "23869",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"passive-voice",
"causation",
"permission"
],
"title": "How to say “I let him do X to me”?",
"view_count": 837
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can't really use させられる I think because this form has a special meaning. It\nimplies that someone (other than you or your close circle) forced you to do\nsomething you don't want to do, with a nuance that you are the victim of the\naction (which is negative of course since you are a victim). It can not be\nused to express \"to let someone do X to me\".\n\nThe most suitable structure would be a casual causative form. So your example\nwould give :\n\n * 先生は(私に)グループに入らせた\n\nwhich translated would be something like :\n\n * I let the teacher put me into a group",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T16:09:22.440",
"id": "65621",
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"owner_user_id": "31846",
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{
"body": "I think you could express this idea by saying that you,\n\n * \" **had your teacher choose** the group you would be in **for you** \"\n\n> 私が入るグループを **先生に選んでいただいた** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T21:12:01.613",
"id": "65632",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T21:12:01.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
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{
"body": "In the specific example you give, I'd probably just say 「私のグループは先生に任せた」 (\"I\nleft my group up to the teacher\") or similarly 「グループの選択は先生に任せた」(\"I left the\nchoice of my group to the teacher\").\n\nIn the case you provide, it's more like you're saying you're leaving something\nup to someone else, rather than allowing someone to do something _to you._\n\nIf you're looking for something more general than \"leaving it up to someone\nelse,\" you'd probably want something of the form ～してもいい (it's ok even if you\ndo X) as in:\n\n```\n\n 彼なら私に何をてもいいのよ。\n \n```\n\n(\"It's OK no matter what he does to me.\")\n\nOr:\n\n```\n\n 「私を触ってもいい。」\n \n```\n\n(\"It's fine if [it] touches me.\")\n\nIf you want a more active voice, you could use ～頼む, as in:\n\n```\n\n 「グループを選ぶのを先生に頼んだ」\n \n```\n\n(\"I asked my teacher to pick my group\")\n\nA more direct translation might be 「～こと許す」(\"I will allow X [to be done]\"):\n\n```\n\n 私の頭をなでること許す。\n \n```\n\n(\"I will let you pat my head.\")\n\nBut, at least to me, this seems to have a bit of a \"high and mighty\" feel to\nit, as though you're looking down on the person and doing them a favor by\nallowing the action, and it has a very active voice.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T02:43:59.180",
"id": "69625",
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{
"body": "I think this fits in your question,\n\n> 先生に僕が入るグループを **選んでもらった**\n\n * I **let/would like/wished/hoped** teacher choose to be in a group.\n\nIf you put stress **もらった** , it gets close the nuance of \"let\" in English.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T12:12:40.960",
"id": "69629",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T13:42:48.580",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-22T13:42:48.580",
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{
"body": "I assume the question used the versatile word \"let\" to mean the teacher\nbecomes the decision maker by choice, and _not_ by command, which is otherwise\nrude.\n\nPersonally, I would avoid the direct translation. The following suggested\nexpressions use `私のグループは` that refers to the group I would be in (translated\nas \"my grouping\"); not the literal \"my group\", which is yet to exist in this\ncontext.\n\n> A. 私のグループは 先生に決めてもらった｡ \n> A. [I] had [my] teacher decide for my grouping.\n>\n> B. 私のグループは 先生に決めてもらう方にした｡ \n> B. [I] opt for the choice that [my] teacher would decide for my grouping.\n\n`A` is the straightforward, passive voice. The phrase `先生にきめてもらった` is probably\nthe shortest phrase one can use readily to describe that \"the teacher decide\n(do) the group (X) for me\".\n\n`B` is the alternative expression made by modifying `A`, which turns the\npassive voice to not-so-active voice. As a result, `B` would be perceived less\nstraightforward, but would appeal the speaker as slightly independent (on the\nsurface only, because the teacher is still the decision maker by choice).\n\nNote that `B` will make sense only when \"the teacher would decide my grouping\"\nis available as a choice, due to the phrase `〇〇方にした` being used to refer \"that\nchoice\". In contrast, `A` will make sense regardless of that is a choice or\nnot.\n\nThen again, these expressions may vary when describing the \"do\": If the groups\nwere already formed, the teacher would choose (選ぶ) which group the student (I)\nwould be in; else if no groups were formed yet, the teacher would decide (決める)\nhow the groups would be formed, or decide which and which students would be\nput into the groups.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-22T16:19:32.277",
"id": "69634",
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65611
| null |
69634
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65639",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Today it crossed my mind how could I translate this, and some confusion arose\nwith the verbal forms to use.\n\nIf I wanted to say \"I got cold\", I would say\n\n> 寒くなった\n\nHowever, for \"I'm getting cold\", I would use\n\n> 寒くなっています\n\nThat left me wondering what would 寒くなる mean, as I would also translate this\nhas \"I'm getting cold\".\n\nIs there no difference between these in English? If not, what would be the\ndifference in their meaning?\n\nSide note: I omitted the わたし bit in the sentences before since I'm only\ninterested in the conjugations.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-21T08:46:39.980",
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"id": "65613",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-07T21:11:25.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "32479",
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Meaning of 寒くなる vs. 寒くなっています",
"view_count": 1176
}
|
[
{
"body": "寒くなっている Is what is happening right now. So you're becoming cold right now.\n寒くなる would be to become cold. Or you will become cold.\n\nThat being said, Japanese people don't really add the なる at the end when\nexpressing this. When they're cold they just say 寒いよ",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T08:59:55.367",
"id": "65614",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T08:59:55.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33037",
"parent_id": "65613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Actually, because なる is a change of state verb,「寒くなっています」does _not_ mean \"it\nis getting cold\", but rather \"it is cold\"- or more specifically, that it got\ncold and remains in that state.\n\nAny verb that signifies a change in state used with ～ている means that the change\nhappened in the past and _remains in that state_. That is why, for example,\n「死んでいる」 means \"is dead\", not \"is dying\".\n\nTo properly say that it is _getting_ cold, I would use the -てくる pattern. Thus,\nmy translation would be:\n\n> 寒くなってきた \n> It's getting cold.\n\nYou can use -てくる with a change in state verb (なる in this case) to show that\nsomething has been gradually changing until now. A more in-depth explanation\non this can be found [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/9749).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T06:58:06.007",
"id": "65639",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "寒くなる literally translated is \"to become cold\". It can be used to signify\nfuture tense:\n\n寒くなるだろう - \"It will probably get cold\"\n\nand can be used in conjunction with such words as くらい and ほど to signify that\nsomething is so x that it will become cold:\n\n雲が寒くなるほど多いですね。- \"there are so many clouds that it could become cold\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T08:28:52.200",
"id": "65641",
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}
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65613
|
65639
|
65639
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What would be the proper way to phrase such an action, particularly in a\ncasual way? Say, the phrase “Oh, I guess you caught me.” How might a native\nspeaker say this? I know in a criminal context of someone being caught in an\nact, a sentence like “被疑者を現行犯で逮捕した。” but I need a less specific way to put it.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-21T09:31:22.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65615",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Being caught in an act?",
"view_count": 427
}
|
[
{
"body": "Perhaps バレる is the word you're looking for?\n\n\"Oh, I guess you caught me.\" -> 「あぁ、 **バレて** しまったな」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T20:37:56.853",
"id": "65630",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T20:37:56.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "65615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65615
| null |
65630
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "もっと早くゲスト先生として迎えたかったのですが、なかなか長い時間がかかってしまってごめんなさい。\n\nTranslating to: = I wanted to have you as guest teachers earlier but I am\nsorry that it took a longer time than I had expected.\n\nWhat exactly is the function, I have learned the volitional + とする means to\nattempt....but this is a noun",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T09:43:14.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65616",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T21:02:59.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Question on として in this sentence",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "This として is not \"the volitional + とする\" but means \"as\" such as \"He came to my\nschool as an English teacher(彼は、私の学校に英語教師として来た。\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T16:35:00.607",
"id": "65624",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T16:35:00.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "To elaborate more on Yuuichi Tam's answer, it's \"as\", in the definition \"in\nthe role of\" or \"in the context of\". For example, to use Yuuichi Tam's\nexample:\n\n彼は、私の学校に英語教師として来た。 = \"He came to my school as an English teacher\" = \"He came\nto my school in the role of an English teacher\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T21:02:59.463",
"id": "65631",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T21:02:59.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11449",
"parent_id": "65616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65616
| null |
65624
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65623",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is meant by a \"carrot tail\"?\n\n> 人参{にんじん}の尻尾{しっぽ}\n\nIs it the green part or the orange part? \nA google image search does not really help, since \"carrot\" comes up in every\none, but no picture I have found has arrows with labels for the parts of a\ncarrot :D\n\n<https://recipe.rakuten.co.jp/word/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%82%E3%81%AE%E5%B0%BB%E5%B0%BE/>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T13:19:59.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65618",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T16:30:43.660",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T16:30:43.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"food"
],
"title": "Which part is the tail in 人参{にんじん}の尻尾{しっぽ}",
"view_count": 397
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is the tip of the orange part, not leaves of carrot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T16:12:35.583",
"id": "65622",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T16:12:35.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "As @Yuuichi Tam says, this is the orange thin part of the root. You could also\nhave deduced this by elimination: the green part would undoubtedly be 人参の葉っぱ\n(also in recipes).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T16:23:58.367",
"id": "65623",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T16:29:18.593",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T16:29:18.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "65618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65618
|
65623
|
65622
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am seeing pairs of words with similar meanings (where one of the words has a\nsingle kanji and the other has two kanji).\n\nExamples include: \n豊か、豊富 \n保つ、保存する \n防ぐ、予防する\n\nDo these pair of words share the same meaning? If so, what is the point of\nhaving multiple words with the same meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T13:51:21.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65619",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T15:13:50.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T15:13:50.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33046",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Multiple words with same definition",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[] |
65619
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65634",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw the construction\n\n> ～て〇〇年／〇〇か月になります\n\nand it looks strange to me. Here is my question: does this construction mean\nthat the action continues until now?\n\nFor example:\n\n> この 会社に 入って １０ 年に なります。\n\nMy teacher said that this sentence means:\n\n> I started working 10 years ago, and have worked until now.\n\nIs this correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T17:07:00.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65625",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T01:49:51.257",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T17:31:03.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33050",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of the construction ～て〇〇年／〇〇か月になります",
"view_count": 381
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of grammatical construction is fairly common. However, your teacher\nwas paraphrasing a bit.\n\n**会社に入る:** To join a company\n\n**～になります:** なる has many English translations. While 'to become' is the\nprincipal one provided, to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain are also\nvalid translations depending on context.\n\nDue to the use of the imperfect tense (generally used for present and future\nin English), 10年になります in the example sentence is indicating that the person is\nin their 10th year with the company, but _not necessarily_ that 10 full years\nhave passed.\n\nThe word for since (から) is omitted from your sentence example, but is implied.\nFollowing are a few example sentences (taken from\n[here](http://www.manythings.org/ejs/years.html)) with ～になります, some omitting\nparticles and some not:\n\n> 「彼が死んでから十年になります。」'It's been 10 years since he died.' \n> 「彼が日本に来て３年になります。」'It's been 3 years since he came to Japan.' \n> 「私は来月16歳になります。」'I'll be 16 (years old) next month.' \n> 「私がここに来てから１０年になります。」'It'll have been 10 years since I came here.' \n> 「今度の4月で、私たちはここに2年住んでいることになります。」'This April, we will have been living here\n> for 2 years.' \n> 「私たちは来年で英語を５年間学んだ事になります。」'As of next year, we will have learned English for\n> 5 years.'\n\nFinally, the more literal translation I would give for the sentence in your\nexample is: \n'It will be 10 years since I joined the company.' \nMore colloquially: \n'I've been with the company for 10 years.'",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T18:55:46.347",
"id": "65628",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T21:34:11.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T21:34:11.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65625",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "～て○年/か月 refers to either \"the continuation of the result of a past action\" or\n\"a habitual action\".\n\n\"A社に入って5年です\" usually means you are still working at A社 (continuation of the\nresult of 入る). This is different from plain past \"5年前にA社に入りました\", which implies\nnothing about your current situation. In English, the former is like \"It has\nbeen 5 years since X happened\" and the latter is like \"X happened 5 years\nago.\" Similar examples include:\n\n> * この町で暮らし始めて半年です。 \n> (implies you are still living in this town)\n> * 彼が亡くなって、今日で2年になります。\n>\n\nIn addition, the same construction can express a habitual action that has been\nrepeated for some time (\"to have been ～ing for ～\").\n\n> * 毎日サッカーの練習をして2年になる。\n> * スライム倒して300年、知らないうちにレベルMAXになってました (title of [this\n> novel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ve_Been_Killing_Slimes_for_300_Years_and_Maxed_Out_My_Level))\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T01:49:51.257",
"id": "65634",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T01:49:51.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65625",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65625
|
65634
|
65634
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65627",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I didn't find an explanation or clear etymology for the kanji 関.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T17:52:16.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65626",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T18:39:18.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-21T18:29:14.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of kanji 関?",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "Kanji etymologies are often more an aspect of Chinese than Japanese.\nWiktionary tends to be a good source for Chinese character origins and some\nsense development.\n\n * [Entry for 関](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2#Glyph_origin)\n * [Entry for older _kyūjitai_ 關](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C#Glyph_origin)\n\nAs we see there, this was originally composed as semantic (meaning) element 門\n(\"gate, door\") + phonetic (sound) element (probably something like //*kroːn//\nin Old Chinese), referring to a door being closed or locked.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T18:39:18.217",
"id": "65627",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-21T18:39:18.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65626
|
65627
|
65627
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65635",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"Yomi\" is a Japanese concept used by game theorists and high-level, fighting\ngame players. I came across it in February 2019 in a novel and it is quite\nhard to find information about it online. All I need is the kanji though...",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-21T19:44:46.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65629",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T06:49:56.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10796",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "The kanji for \"YOMI\": Word For \"Reading the Mind of Your Opponent\"",
"view_count": 609
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word you're looking for is 読み, which is an extremely basic word that means\n\"reading\". The verb itself is something you may want to learn on the first day\nof learning Japanese, but 読み is a conjugated form. Its \"dictionary form\" is\n[読む](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80).\n\nIn gaming contexts, 読み also means predicting or guessing what will happen in\nthe near future. (\"Reading the opponent's mind\" seems a little too specific to\nme because 読み can be a purely logical process. For example a recent computer\nchess program can do 読み better than human beings.) It's critically important\nin card games and board games like chess, but of course action game players\nhave to do some 読み, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T02:17:05.060",
"id": "65635",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T06:49:56.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-22T06:49:56.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65629",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65629
|
65635
|
65635
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've always thought that the only particle which is correct to use with 会う is\nに：\n\n> 明日あなた **に** 会います。\n\nBut I've come across the sentence:\n\n> きのう田中さん **と** 会いました。\n\nIs it correct? If it is, when shall we use と with 会う and when shall we use に?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T00:25:07.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65633",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T07:06:34.143",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-22T00:54:33.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "31549",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Using the particle と or the particle に with あう",
"view_count": 912
}
|
[
{
"body": "と is a rather symmetric particle overall: 'I met Tanaka' has the sense of\n'Tanaka and I met'.\n\nに is less symmetric: e.g. I went to Tanaka's office to see him. It may also be\na difference of status, rather than of motion: 社長と会いました seems pretentious\nbecause it creates an equality of sorts between the CEO and me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T07:06:34.143",
"id": "65640",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-22T07:06:34.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "65633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65633
| null |
65640
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65657",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「というのは」と「というのも」の違いは何ですか。\n\nまた、下の文章でこの二つの接続語が交換してもいいですか。\n\n> わたしたちは感心した。 **というのは** 、桜の開花日が気象予報士の予想通りだったからだ\n>\n> 明日は各地とも花見客でにぎわうだろう。 **というのも** 、あしたは花見日和になりそうだからだ。\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T09:15:52.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65642",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-23T08:54:02.057",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "「というのは」と「というのも」の違いは何ですか。",
"view_count": 719
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is very small, and they are interchangeable in your examples.\n\nI may be wrong, but I feel this も has something to do with\n[exclamatory-も](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32886/5010); I feel there\nis a slight degree of \"emotion\" or \"intention to persuade\" in というのも. というのは\nsounds a little more objective and logical, and it may be preferred in serious\nessays.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T04:57:25.290",
"id": "65657",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-23T08:54:02.057",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-23T08:54:02.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65642",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65642
|
65657
|
65657
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65649",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\"typical modern book \" means:\n\n 1. It's a modern book and hardly uses ancient languages or any topolects.\n 2. It's something like a famous novel(not a short story) or book with a high reputation. \n 3. It's a normal book, not a dictionary or technique book.\n\nAdditionally, I wonder how many distinct characters can cover 99.7% of the\nbook content.\n\nThe source of the problem is that I want to know how many unstudied (the\nmeaning of) kanjis I will meet when reading a book.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T11:23:06.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65643",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-10T02:14:43.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-10T02:14:43.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "33059",
"owner_user_id": "33059",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How many distinct kanjis or words are there in a typical modern Japanese book?",
"view_count": 2103
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are currently [2136\n常用漢字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji). However, using\nwriters will often use 漢字 outside of this list.\n\nSo I ran a script to calculate the total number of unique 漢字 in _Harry Potter\nand the Chamber of Secrets_ (a modern novel mentioned there) and on ノルウェイの森/\n_Norwegian Wood_ (a \"famous\" Japanese language novel, though perhaps not\n\"typical\") and compared it to the 常用漢字 list. You can see some of the code (it\njust has the results for the distinct values in the books)\n[here](https://repl.it/repls/TomatoAgreeableQuote). Here's what I got\n\n_Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets_ : 206 non-常用漢字 out of 1768 漢字 (肱\nmight be a typo for 肘, 躯 for 体, 荊 for 茨, and 綴 for 絞. I also wonder if 姐 and 嬉\nare old forms or my source text has typos. I also have no clue about 杵 and 磔,\nwhich are likely wrong. I'll try to confirm with a physical copy in the\nfuture.)\n\n> {'蘇', '捌', '曾', '鈎', '撫', '剥', '捷', '篭', '恰', '鍮', '撒', '涎', '虱', '樽', '炸',\n> '塵', '椀', '吼', '淀', '絢', '歪', '掠', '瞥', '揉', '眩', '董', '錆', '嘘', '楊', '蝶',\n> '靄', '疼', '呆', '叱', '弛', '攣', '棍', '猾', '藁', '軋', '荊', '揃', '纏', '甥', '這',\n> '樫', '苺', '掻', '惚', '杖', '煤', '咳', '煽', '辻', '瓢', '詫', '捺', '脛', '溢', '溜',\n> '蝋', '鎧', '糞', '芻', '腿', '噛', '唸', '痺', '鍔', '霞', '狡', '翠', '昂', '罠', '燭',\n> '蜘', '牢', '躯', '叩', '杵', '雛', '佇', '鳩', '呟', '灼', '爛', '逢', '嘴', '黴', '呑',\n> '兎', '嘩', '濡', '轟', '鞄', '咎', '棘', '笥', '壷', '閃', '猜', '楓', '聡', '麿', '箪',\n> '捧', '馴', '藹', '蛙', '肱', '馳', '覗', '釘', '茜', '埃', '愕', '雀', '皺', '躇', '鋸',\n> '踝', '穣', '奢', '檻', '箒', '姐', '甜', '嵌', '萄', '螺', '嬉', '唖', '秤', '仔', '掴',\n> '窪', '狼', '翔', '綴', '腔', '箔', '芍', '躊', '鮭', '磔', '鱗', '悶', '禿', '躓', '蛛',\n> '惹', '閂', '哮', '瓜', '腑', '曙', '槌', '沫', '狐', '倦', '卿', '剃', '栗', '燻', '頷',\n> '憑', '斧', '蟻', '橙', '竿', '怯', '紐', '穢', '耽', '尖', '咆', '凱', '蒼', '肋', '錘',\n> '踵', '窩', '縞', '竪', '痙', '鞭', '吊', '喧', '聳', '髭', '焚', '廻', '斐', '堵', '頬',\n> '醇', '瘤', '鋏', '葡', '〇', '鉤', '鷲', '漉', '舐', '滲', '堰'}\n\nノルウェイの森/ _Norwegian Wood_ : 167 non-常用漢字 out of 1746 漢字 (Like before 姐 and 嬉\nmight be old forms/typos. I'll try to confirm with a physical copy in the\nfuture)\n\n> {'梯', '遙', '鱸', '鎧', '梢', '徨', '撞', '喧', '昂', '雀', '而', '鳩', '庇', '轟', '燈',\n> '葡', '拗', '函', '禿', '悶', '槌', '訊', '紐', '碗', '鞄', '鮭', '蝕', '蛙', '軋', '舐',\n> '檻', '湘', '茗', '萄', '蓮', '鯵', '綺', '裳', '癬', '胡', '吠', '縞', '詫', '洒', '樵',\n> '奢', '掻', '痰', '爛', '呑', '姐', '錆', '疥', '殆', '糊', '〇', '駕', '罠', '夾', '頬',\n> '淋', '蝿', '楊', '鴉', '歪', '篇', '睨', '吊', '疼', '叩', '嚢', '噛', '咳', '睾', '竪',\n> '唖', '菱', '濡', '囁', '仄', '糞', '蹙', '脆', '稜', '彷', '褪', '漕', '蟻', '曝', '栗',\n> '釘', '杖', '柏', '螢', '甥', '旭', '剃', '耽', '惣', '愕', '癌', '喰', '掴', '醤', '嘘',\n> '嘔', '顰', '腿', '疇', '瑞', '蹟', '嬉', '馴', '蝉', '垢', '鯛', '桐', '弘', '挪', '嘩',\n> '釆', '揃', '云', '撫', '玲', '屑', '噌', '怯', '噂', '這', '桶', '鰻', '髭', '迂', '蛾',\n> '蝶', '瓜', '巳', '鱈', '苔', '苑', '綜', '瞞', '墟', '阿', '辿', '茫', '睥', '茸', '樫',\n> '蠅', '鼠', '弛', '坦', '穢', '倦', '鹸', '椀', '凌', '眩', '伊', '鴨', '叱', '煉', '苺',\n> '捧', '劫'}\n\nIf we include [人名用漢字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji),\nwhich brings the total 漢字 to 2999, _Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets_\nhas 104 that aren't in either list and ノルウェイの森/ _Norwegian Wood_ has 78.\n\n> {'姐', '呟', '壷', '嘘', '鍮', '咆', '呆', '爛', '滲', '瘤', '掴', '肱', '咳', '憑', '穢',\n> '髭', '叩', '禿', '塵', '吼', '腿', '炸', '痺', '篭', '皺', '猾', '噛', '蜘', '藹', '舐',\n> '腑', '頬', '甜', '揉', '黴', '芍', '愕', '煽', '罠', '閂', '聳', '檻', '眩', '燻', '鈎',\n> '嵌', '吊', '痙', '唸', '糞', '咎', '捌', '歪', '攣', '剃', '脛', '蟻', '踵', '荊', '虱',\n> '怯', '蛛', '奢', '蝋', '棍', '靄', '掻', '窩', '〇', '佇', '頷', '躯', '哮', '笥', '躊',\n> '漉', '躓', '箒', '叱', '嘴', '芻', '鍔', '剥', '鋏', '躇', '埃', '箪', '涎', '棘', '疼',\n> '呑', '狐', '猜', '鉤', '踝', '狡', '鮭', '磔', '唖', '軋', '悶', '覗', '蛙', '牢'}\n>\n> {'拗', '囁', '褪', '彷', '唖', '蹙', '眩', '鰻', '睥', '蠅', '嘔', '愕', '徨', '禿', '鮭',\n> '咳', '疥', '鱈', '髭', '疇', '蛙', '釆', '癌', '醤', '洒', '顰', '鼠', '樵', '〇', '蝕',\n> '鹸', '掴', '呑', '爛', '癬', '螢', '吠', '吊', '蝿', '頬', '悶', '睾', '蟻', '糞', '叩',\n> '怯', '掻', '疼', '茫', '夾', '穢', '垢', '叱', '蛾', '鱸', '歪', '鯵', '睨', '軋', '瞞',\n> '舐', '蝉', '罠', '茗', '脆', '奢', '腿', '挪', '嚢', '檻', '鴉', '仄', '嘘', '噛', '痰',\n> '姐', '墟', '剃'}\n\nAs for your second question as to how many 漢字 you need to know to know 99.7%\nof the ones used, I used the results of this [Github\nrepository](https://github.com/scriptin/kanji-frequency) to get the following:\n\n> [Aozora Bunko](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/) (there are many many \"old\"\n> stories): 3820\n>\n> News (June 2014 - June 2015, more samples from 2015, from 4 different\n> sources. Only article titles, subtitles, main text body and image captions\n> were scanned. Weather forecasts and area-specific news were not included). :\n> 2007\n>\n> Wikipedia (a wikipedia dump: 2835\n>\n> Twitter (steaming data for 1 week): 2312\n\nAlso according to [this\nanalysis](http://web.archive.org/web/20080320143000/http://nozaki-\nlab.ics.aichi-edu.ac.jp/nozaki/asahi/kanji.html) of 朝日新聞朝夕刊's paper through\nthe entirety of 1993, you need to know 1977 to be able to understand 99.7%.",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T16:35:07.917",
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"body": "This answer does not contain the exact information you are requesting but\nmaybe it'll be useful to you anyway. I am not aware of any online resource\nthat includes data from modern publications (such a resource would probably be\nvery difficult to compile due to copyrights and the like).\n\nThe data below is from the same source as the one I used to answer this\nquestion - \"[Which is the most popular non-Jōyō\nkanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61905/which-is-the-most-\npopular-non-j%c5%8dy%c5%8d-kanji/61907#61907)\". The data includes frequency of\nappearance data for kanji from 4 resources, Aozora Bunko, Wikipedia,\nNewspaper, and Twitter. Aozora Bunko might be close to what you want but I\nbelieve that the bulk of its corpus is older text which might not reflect\nmodern frequencies.\n\nThe tables show the number of kanji that cover a given fraction of total kanji\nfrom each source.\n\n**Wikipedia** \n0.745 -------- 649 \n0.795 -------- 792 \n0.845 -------- 981 \n0.895 -------- 1228 \n0.945 -------- 1588 \n0.975 -------- 2093 \n0.985 -------- 2492 \n0.997 -------- 3529 \n\n**Aozora Bunko** \n0.75 -------- 570 \n0.80 -------- 711 \n0.85 -------- 902 \n0.90 -------- 1181 \n0.95 -------- 1657 \n0.975 ------- 2248 \n0.99 -------- 2657 \n0.997 ------- 3714 \n\n**Newspaper** \n0.75 -------- 658 \n0.80 -------- 789 \n0.85 -------- 958 \n0.90 -------- 1185 \n0.95 -------- 1566 \n0.975 ------- 1997 \n0.99 -------- 2424 \n0.997 ------- 3292 \n\n**Twitter** \n0.75 -------- 592 \n0.80 -------- 710 \n0.85 -------- 896 \n0.90 -------- 1151 \n0.95 -------- 1464 \n0.975 ------- 1970 \n0.99 -------- 2347 \n0.997 ------- 3409 \n\nThe 2136 Jouyou kanji cover the following fraction of the 4 databases\n(backward order so they line up)\n\n0.9815 ------ Wikipedia \n0.9399 ------ Aozora \n0.9914 ------ Newspaper \n0.9831 ------ Twitter",
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"body": "From the context of the original Japanese text, is seems that しかたない does not\nimply a negative feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfaction. Instead,\nit seems to mean \"That's just the way it is\" without any negative\nconnotations.\n\nHowever, all the English translations I have found, such as...\n\n * I can tolerate it\n * I can live with it\n * I can accept it\n * Oh well...\n\ndo imply some degree of negative feeling. (One translation is \"I don't like\nit, but I can live with it.\")\n\nThe Wikipedia page <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikata_ga_nai> is\nambivalent about this question.\n\nThe context in which しかたない is being used is, for example:\n\n * I have a headache. \n * Here is a tablet. It takes 10 minutes to have an effect. \n * しかたない\n\nIn English, that feels like (possibly slight) disappointment, but apparently,\nin Japanese, it does not.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T13:44:03.513",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Does しかたない imply disappointment?",
"view_count": 1453
}
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[
{
"body": "しかたない _is_ a negative phrase, and it _does_ imply some dissatisfaction,\ndisappointment, etc. All the English translations you have found seem fine to\nme. In your last example, the speaker clearly dislikes the fact that the\ntablet takes 10 minutes to have an effect.\n\nEtymologically, 仕方【しかた】 is \"way (of doing something)\" or \"choice\", and ない is\n\"there is no ～\". So \"nothing can be done\" or \"there is no (better) choice\" is\nthe basic meaning.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"body": "This sentence is from Doraemon:\n\n> そんなのめずらし **くも** ないよ.\n\nI think it means \"It is not that rare/uncommon\". But I don't understand the\nuse of く も here. Should it be interpreted as めずらしく + も?\n\n 1. Why did they use めずらしく here? I thought i-adjective + く = adverb while it should be noun in this case.\n 2. Why did they use も instead of は? Thanks",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T14:21:24.403",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of も in そんなの珍しくもない",
"view_count": 756
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[
{
"body": "> そんなのめずらしく **も** ないよ。 \n> Something like that is not _really_ rare.\n\nIt's めずらしく + **も** + ない. めずらしく is the ku-form (continuative-form) of めずらしい.\n\nThis も is like \"well\", \"(not) quite\", or \"(not) really\". This type of も\nappears in many sentences, and it essentially makes the sentence sound milder\nand more reserved. For example, そうではない (\"That's not correct\") can sound harsh,\nbut そうでもない (\"That's not _quite_ correct\") sounds milder.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Usage of も in a Specific Context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/5010)\n * [も in 「Vのもアレなんだけど」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55970/5010)\n * [What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55266/5010)",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T14:50:09.947",
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"body": "> 誕生パーティーに行けたらいいのに\n\nvs\n\n> 誕生パーティーに行ったらいいのに\n\nIs explained as\n\n> 1. I wish I could go to the party.\n>\n> 2. I wish someone would go to the birthday party / You should go to the\n> party. (suggestion to other people.)\n>\n>\n\nI'm having a hard time grasping why the second one couldn't also be `if i went\nto the party it would be good`?\n\nI can't seem to figure it out...\n\nAny help would be appreciated!\n\nP.S\n\nI've seen these sentences:\n\nJLPTの１級に受かったらいいのに。 I wish I could pass JLPT Level 1.\n\n明日、お天気だったらいいね Hope the weather is nice tomorrow.\n\nBut they are still using the たらいい, which furthers my confusion",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T15:02:48.523",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "誕生パーティーに行けたらいいのに vs 誕生パーティーに行ったらいいのに",
"view_count": 269
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[
{
"body": "たら has three meangs. One is \"if\". For example, 誕生パーティーに行けたらいいのに means \"If I\ncould go the party, it would be good\". that is \"I wish I could go to the\nparty\"\n\nAnother is \"when ～, and then\". For example, 昨日、学校から帰ったら、家に親戚のおじさんが来ていた(When I\ncame home from school yesterday, my uncle stayed at my house.).\n\nThe other is \"Why don't you do something?\". For example, 英会話の学校に行ったら(Why don't\nyou go to an English school?). たら in 誕生パーティーに行ったらいいのに is this usage.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T19:44:13.490",
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"body": "I think the main thing is that it'd be weird to suggest to yourself to do a\nvolitional action like 行く, so the natural subject would be someone else. The\nother examples don't really have any volition in them, which is why they can\nbe easily understood to be oneself. However, I think you could make the\noriginal sentence if you explicitly made yourself into the subject.\n\n> **私が** 誕生パーティーに行ったらいいのに",
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"creation_date": "2019-03-05T20:54:56.047",
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"body": "The archaic Japanese word _bateren_ [伴天連 /\n破天連](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A4%A9%E9%80%A3) (referring to\na missionary [Jesuit] priest) is derived from the Portuguese _padre_.\n\nThe Portuguese word notably does not contain or end in a nasal consonant, and\nall other [Portuguese loans to\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Portuguese_origin)\nI'm familiar with only end in ん when the Portuguese word itself has an n/m or\nnasal vowel.\n\nGiven this, why was it adapted as _bateren_ as opposed to the expected *\n_batere / *patere_?",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T17:33:02.873",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-22T18:04:14.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "26860",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords",
"archaic-language",
"religion"
],
"title": "Etymology of bateren (伴天連 / 破天連)",
"view_count": 200
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[
{
"body": "My hypothesis is that it was influenced by the similar word, _iruma **n_**\n(イルマン / 入満 / 伊留満 / 由婁漫) (from pt. _irm **ã** o_, \"a layman or scholastic\ntraining for the priesthood\", note the nasal vowel), as this word was borrowed\nat the same time and in the same context.\n\nHowever, I found no direct evidence to support this claim.\n\n* * *\n\n**Sources:** \n- [_Japanese Traditions of Christianity_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nPODDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=\"bateren\") (p.10, n.12, 13) \n- [_The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and ..._](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OfqzAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=\"bateren\") (p.69) \n- [_Women Religious Leaders in Japan's Christian Century, 1549-1650_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=saX0gHc91fkC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=\"bateren\") (p.2, n.6)",
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"body": "I've been reading examples of how to use 肝に命じる, and in one of the examples\nthere's this part:\n\n> また、いつまでもくどくどと説教する上司に 「分かりました。課長のおっしゃることを肝に銘じておきます」 と言えば、 「分かってくれたか」\n> となって話がスムーズに終わりやすいです。\n\nI'm thinking the situation here is that first your boss gives you the same\nlecture again and again and at the end he says 「分かってくれたか」, to what you can\nrespond with 「分かりました。課長のおっしゃることを肝に銘じておきます」. In this way the conversation will\nend easily(話がスムーズに終わりやすいです)\n\nIs this right or is the situation different? I'm asking because It kind of\nseems like someone(not sure if the boss or the speaker) says 「分かってくれたか」 after\nthe speaker said 「分かりました。課長のおっしゃることを肝に銘じておきます」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-22T18:20:41.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Order of a dialogue with と言えば and となって",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "This sentence is putting forth the theoretical:\n\n> If your tell your boss, who is giving you an endless lecture, 'Yes sir, I'll\n> be sure to remember what you've told me.', (the rest of) the talk will end\n> smoothly, with him thinking 'He gets it now, doesn't he.'.\n\nOr, put in the form of a conversation:\n\n> 'Blah, blah, blah. Do this. Don't do that. Blah blah.' \n> 'Yes. sir. You are absolutely correct. I'll be sure to remember that.' \n> 'You've got it, huh?'\n\nThe final か in 「分かってくれたか」can be viewed as rhetorical in the sense that the\nboss is making a statement of observation, either to himself or to the\ntheoretical employee. Related answer\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55161/meaning-\nof-%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%AF%E3%82%8A-%E5%90%9B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B-%E3%82%84%E3%81%AF%E3%82%8A-and-%E3%81%8B-shenanigans).\n\n「分かってくれたか」 となって doesn't mean that it is spoken, it can just be a thought or a\ntone.\n\n*Incidentally, according to Kotonoha, the 肝に銘じ～ is by far the most popular way of writing the expression with 149 results. 肝に銘ず～ and 肝に命～ having only 13 results between them. Use of 命 in this circumstance seems to be considered incorrect.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-22T22:16:02.900",
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65655
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65655
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{
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"body": "Is it possible to express the difference between the English phrases \"I don't\nwant to do that\" and \"I don't want to have to do that\"?\n\nWhere `I don't want to do that` can simply be それがしたくありません。\n\n`I don't want to have to do that` means that you don't want it to be the case\nthat a certain action is necessary to accomplish something or resolve an\nissue, etc.\n\nAn example situation might be a strong fighter is somewhat of a pacifist but\nis told someone is coming to challenge him that won't let up until one of them\ndies. The fighter is confident in his ability to win, and so says \"I don't\nwant to have to do that (kill him)\"\n\nGrammatically, させられたくありません。should do it, but I can't say I've heard that in\nactual use. Is there a more common expression? Or does this `want to have to`\nway of thinking about things not work well in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T15:31:25.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65661",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-04T15:12:08.367",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Is it possible to express the difference between the English phrases \"I don't want to do that\" and \"I don't want to have to do that\"?",
"view_count": 347
}
|
[
{
"body": "Often, adhering too closely to a sentence you have constructed and attempting\na literal translation based on it can be problematic, especially if that\nsentence construction is overly complicated or nuanced. \nTweaking the English phrase a bit should make it easier for you to translate.\n'Wanting to' and 'having to' can be their own separate clauses. \nOnce you stop trying to force a specific translation, you should have many\npotential translation options.\n\n> I have to defeat (kill) him, but I find it abhorrent.\n> 彼{かれ｝を倒｛たお｝さなきゃいけないけど、凄く｛すごく｝嫌｛いや｝だ。 \n> I don't want to do it, but I must. やりたくないけど、やらなきゃいけない (やらざるを得｛え｝ない）。 \n> I don't want to kill him, but he must be killed.\n> 彼｛かれ｝を殺｛ころ｝したくないけど、殺｛ころ｝さなきゃいけない (殺さざるを得｛え｝ない）。 \n> If I don't kill him, I'll be killed. 彼｛かれ｝を殺｛ころ｝さなきゃ、俺｛おれ｝が殺｛ころ｝される。 \n> If I don't kill him, he'll kill me. 彼｛かれ｝を殺｛ころ｝さなきゃ、彼｛かれ｝に殺｛ころ｝されてしまうから。\n\nThe better option might be simply to have the unpleasant part left unsaid but\nimplied:\n\n> 彼｛かれ｝を殺｛ころ｝したくないけど．．． \n> 彼｛かれ｝を殺｛ころ｝すのは嫌なんだけど．．．",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-23T16:59:49.233",
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{
"body": "How about:\n\nそんなことする責任{せきにん}が持{も}ちたくない。\n\n_I don't want to have the duty/responsibility to do such thing._\n\nHere I used the noun 責任{せきにん} to represent the idea of \"must\" - so it was not\nthe same gramatical construction as the one in English. But this is not\nunusual when translating between English and Japanese.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-23T20:26:12.040",
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{
"body": "> Is it possible to express the difference between the English phrases \"I\n> don't want to do that\" and \"I don't want to have to do that\"?\n\nIt is possible unless you want the Japanese \"equivalent\" for the second phrase\nto grammatically \"look like\" the English.\n\nWhen literal translations fail (and they fail frequently between Japanese and\nEnglish), there are often set phrases that convey the meaning/nuance of the\noriginal to the target language.\n\nThe best match that I can think of would be:\n\n「そんなこと（を）しなきゃならないなんて、（まっぴら）ごめんだ。」\n\nfollowed by:\n\n「そんなこと（を）するのは願{ねが}い下{さ}げだ。」\n\nand perhaps:\n\n「それだけは勘弁{かんべん}してほしい（or してくれ）。」\n\nAt the very least, I can guarantee the naturalness of the phrases above.\n\nYour phrase 「させられたくありません。」 is actually \"okay\" except it sounding rather\ntextbook-like and overly polite. It is not something a fighter would say\nbefore a match.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-04T15:09:25.563",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65677",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there any official resource listing all Japanese _kanji_ with a given\nradical? For example I want to know all _kanji_ with the radical 亻.\n\nWhen I looked I found many sites, but each site has a different number of\n_kanji_. I can study from the site with the largest number but what if there\nare more _kanji_ with this radical ? So I need an official resource.\n\nAnd there is another big problem. For example, some sites say that the _kanji_\n倍 contains 亻+ 立 + 口, and other sites say it contains this radical 亠. So an\nofficial resource can be helpful.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T16:32:07.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65662",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-23T17:42:11.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "How to know all _kanji_ with certain radical?",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I want to know all kanji with the radical 亻\n\nI'm not sure that you actually want to do this.\n\n* * *\n\nFirstly, I think it's helpful to clarify what a radical actually is.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GwYl1.jpg)\n\nA _radical_ (部首) is a _section_ (部) _header_ (首) of a _dictionary_. It is\n_exactly analogous_ to the _first letter_ of an English word - they are both\njust _dictionary indexing tools_.\n\nWanting to know all _kanji_ with the radical「亻」is like wanting to know all\nEnglish words starting with the letter「Ａ」. I'm sure that you'll agree that\nthis is not the most helpful way of learning English (or _kanji_ ).\n\n* * *\n\nPerhaps, instead, you meant that you want to know all _kanji_ containing「亻」as\na character component. Given the long history of _kanji_ and how they have\nchanged over the years, there is not actually a reference (as of early 2019)\nthat tells you **all** the _kanji_ containing some component X. Two major\nreasons are:\n\n 1. _Kanji_ components change shape depending on where they are found in the character. The stand-alone shape of「人」is a side-view of a _person_.\n\n`[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IuG73.png) \n[鐵](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)191.1 \n[合集10869](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=10869&jgwfl=)``[楚](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_\\(state\\)) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zfhh0.png) \n[包2](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/ChuwenziReference)・2 \n``[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n簡 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1KZxv.png) \n[睡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuihudi_Qin_bamboo_texts)・[日乙](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)17 \n``今 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oed4o.png) \n \n`\n\n * 「人」becomes「亻」generally when the next stroke after「人・亻」is written towards the right side.\n\n> `商 \n> 甲 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JzUma.png) \n> 簠地57 \n>\n> [合集6330](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=6330&jgwfl=)``[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n> [金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NERVU.png) \n> 大盂鼎 \n> [集成2837](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=2837&jgwfl=)``楚 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oWwyR.png) \n>\n> [包2](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/ChuwenziReference)・197 \n> ``今 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oi3Nl.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> 「保」was originally a picture of a _person_ 「人・亻」carrying a _child_ 「子」on\n> their back, indicating the meaning _carry, protect_.\n\n * 「人」becomes「儿」when it is found at the bottom of characters.\n\n> `商 \n> 甲 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yqax1.png) \n>\n> [乙](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)3798 \n> [合集17644](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=17644&jgwfl=)``楚 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gSc12.png) \n>\n> [包2](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/ChuwenziReference)・217 \n> ``秦 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IXsW7.png) \n>\n> [日甲125背](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference) \n> `` \n> [篆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_seal_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xgr6l.png) \n> [說文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) \n> ``[東漢](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han) \n> [隸](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script) \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TkpYv.png) \n> 北海相景君 \n> ``今 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SzL2L.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> 「先」was originally a combination of a _foot going away from a place_ 「之」and a\n> _person_ 「人・儿」, indicating the original meaning _to go forward > first,\n> before_.\n\n * 「人」may also be mirror-reflected, rotated, and there are plenty of exceptions...\n\n> `商 \n> 甲 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Poeb1.png) \n> [菁](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)2.1 \n> [合集6057](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=6057&jgwfl=)``秦 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B3f27.png) \n>\n> [睡・法](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)174 \n> ``今 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ET9UJ.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> 「北」originally depicted two people _back-to-back_. This meaning is now\n> written as「背」, formed by adding an additional semantic「肉・⺼」.\n\n 2. _Kanji_ components may have fused with other components, so in some characters you can't actually tell them apart in the modern script anymore.\n\n * > `商 \n> 甲 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rzyug.png) \n> [粹](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)853 \n>\n> [合集28287](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=28287&jgwfl=)``[春秋](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period) \n> 金 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7wQu8.png) \n> 鄀公平侯鼎 \n> [集成2772](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=2772&jgwfl=)``秦 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ccav8.png) \n> [睡・編](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)7 \n> ``東漢 \n> 隸 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/G6aE7.png) \n> 夏承碑 \n> ``東漢 \n> 隸 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qZoBU.png) \n> 華山廟碑 \n> ``今 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iu0y9.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> 「[年]{ねん}」([ _Baxter-\n> Sagart_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart_\\(2014\\))\n> [OC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese): **/*C.nˤi[ŋ]/** ; _year_ )\n> was originally a combination of semantic「禾」( _grain, crops_ ) and\n> simultaneously semantic and phonetic「[人]{にん}・亻」( **/*ni[ŋ]/** ; _person_ ),\n> depicting a _person_ carrying _harvested grains_ on their back and\n> indicating the meaning _(yearly) harvest_.「人・亻」was later modified\n> into「[千]{せん}」( **/*s.n̥ˤi[ŋ]/** ) through the addition of a horizontal mark\n> but remaining as a phonetic, then the separate components completely joined\n> together.\n\n * > `商 \n> 甲 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kBOpV.png) \n>\n> [明](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)2065 \n> [合集17950](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=17950&jgwfl=)``西周 \n> 金 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Kg8s.png) \n> 邢侯簋 \n> [集成4241](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=4241&jgwfl=)``秦 \n> 簡 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KhBGb.png) \n>\n> [睡・法](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/QinwenziReference)64 \n> ``今 \n> 楷 \n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/refC1.png) \n> \n> `\n>\n> 「[重]{ちょう}」( **/*N-toŋʔ-s/** ; _heavy_ ) was originally a combination of\n> semantic「人・亻」and simultaneously semantic and phonetic「[東]{とう}」( **/*tˤoŋ/**\n> ; _picture of a bag_ ), depicting a _person_ carrying a _heavy bag_ ,\n> indicating the meaning _heavy_.「土」was added later and the three\n> components「人・亻」,「東」, and「土」were fused very early onwards.",
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65662
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65677
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65669",
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"body": "As a novice learner, I'm finding understanding the relationship between\nradicals, components, kanji and words difficult.\n\nFor example, [this post on tofugu.com](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/kanji-\nradicals-mnemonic-method/) says that:\n\n> The kanji is 町, which means \"town.\" As you can see in the image above, 町 is\n> made up of two radicals:\n>\n> 1. 田 (rice paddy)\n> 2. 丁 (street)\n>\n\n>\n> To learn this kanji using the radicals mnemonic method, you need to know the\n> names of these two radicals first.\n\nHowever, this seems to clash with the notion that every single kanji only has\none radical and one radical only. For example, if I search for [the kanji 町 on\njisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%94%BA%20%23kanji) it says that the\nradical is 田 while the parts are 一, 亅 and 田.\n\nThe confusing thing to me is that I found as many sources to corroborate one\nversion as I found sources to corroborate the other.\n\nI came up with a series of statements to clarify to myself the relationship\nbetween radicals, components, kanji and words:\n\n 1. Every radical is a kanji but not every kanji is a radical.\n 2. A radical is simply a kanji that is used to create other kanji.\n 3. Every kanji only has one radical.\n 4. Kanji can have multiple components/parts that are kanji by themselves.\n 5. People use the terms 'radical' and 'parts' interchangeably, though this is not 100% correct.\n 6. Every kanji in itself is also a word but not every word is just a kanji (most are not).\n\nIs my interpretation correct?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T19:38:54.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "33069",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Relationship between radicals, components, kanji and words",
"view_count": 796
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. Every radical is a kanji but not every kanji is a radical. \nWrong. 丶｛てん｝(like in [丸](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%B8%23kanji)) is a\nradical. Is it a kanji?\n\n 2. A radical is simply a kanji that is used to create other kanji. \nWrong. See answer to 1.\n\n 3. Every kanji only has one radical. \nMaybe. If you mean radical in the sense of the 'main referential element'.\n\n 4. Kanji can have multiple components/parts that are kanji by themselves. \nCorrect. 'Can' being the operative word.\n\n 5. People use the terms 'radical' and 'parts' interchangeably. \nYes. People do lots of crazy things.\n\n 6. Using the terms 'radical' and 'parts' interchangeably is not 100% correct. \nAgree.\n\n 7. Every kanji in itself is also a word. \nWrong. 持 is a kanji, but not used as a 'word' by itself. Like 'non' and 'pre'\nare parts of English words, but not words unto themselves.\n\n 8. Not every word is just a kanji (most are not). \nCorrect.\n\nThe 'radical' should be considered the organizing or primary\npart/element/component or a 'fully-formed' kanji. Your confusion likely arises\ndue to the disparate ways that some people might describe these\n'parts/elements/components' and also conflate 'radical' with the\naforementioned.\n\nWhile some kanji references might list the non-radical 'parts', there often is\nnot a term used to substitute for the word 'parts'.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-23T21:37:36.867",
"id": "65669",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T08:53:57.037",
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{
"body": "Here's my suggestion to try to make it clearer for you. I don't know how\nfamiliar you are with linguistic terminology so this is a little simplified.\nBut I hope it helps.\n\nRadicals can be confusing but a simple way to think of them is as a reference\nmethod. You can use the term 'component' to generally mean an individual part\nwithin a kanji character. And you can think of radicals as just one of those\ncomponents in a kanji. The difference between radicals and other components is\nsimply that radicals are the components which are used as a reference for that\nparticular character.\n\n> **An easy analogy is to think of radicals as being like the first letter in\n> an English word.** \n> Dictionaries compile words in alphabetical order, using the first letter(s)\n> as a means to systematize the process. The first letter of an English word\n> is a little like a radical, in that it is used by lexicographers to compile\n> reference lists. Radicals are not a special category as such - they are\n> simply components which are used to systematize kanji references.\n\nAs for your concept of 'words', it is actually not so easy to define a word.\nBut needless to say, not all kanji are words. It would be more correct to say\nthat kanji are akin to morphemes, in that each kanji contains at least one\nirreducible element of meaning, even if it is not a full word itself.\n\n**Simplified Summary**\n\n * 'Words' can be single kanji or combinations of kanji (and/or kana)\n * 'Kanji' are individual whole characters which contain one or more components \n * 'Components' are individual parts within a kanji \n * 'Radicals' are the components which are used as a reference",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T13:45:29.523",
"id": "72937",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T13:45:29.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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65665
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65669
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65669
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having difficulty understanding this sentence. A comparison is being made\nto the effect that as the cruel feeling flowed out I washed the sea water out\nof the pants. But I am not sure about this. I understand that the だけ is the\nequivalent of ほど. But the sentence remains unclear to me.\n\n> そうすればしただけ、リエを泣かせた昼間の残酷な気持ちが流れ出ていくかのように、私はできるだけ丁寧に海水パンツを洗った．",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T20:34:24.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65667",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T06:24:15.757",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T06:24:15.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "25491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Grammar and use of すればしただけ",
"view_count": 286
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ～ば～だけ is almost the same as [the ～ば～ほど\nconstruction](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%B0%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9-bahodo/) meaning \"the more ～(, the\nmore ～)\".\n\nThis そうすれば and した refer to something mentioned in the latter half of the\nsentence, namely 丁寧に海水パンツを洗う. 海水パンツ (commonly abbreviated as\n[海パン](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B5%B7%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3)) is a single\nphrase meaning _swim shorts_.\n\n> そうすればしただけ、リエを泣かせた昼間の残酷な気持ちが流れ出ていくかのように、私はできるだけ丁寧に海水パンツを洗った。 \n> I washed my swim shorts as carefully as possible, thinking the more I\n> washed it, the more my cruel feelings during the day that had made Rie cry\n> would flow out of it.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-02-24T04:59:01.383",
"id": "65675",
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"score": 3
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] |
65667
| null |
65675
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日本に **来た2日後に** この本を買った。 \n> 日本に **来て2日後に** この本を買った。 \n> 日本に **来てから2日後に** この本を買った。\n\nI created these sentences from similar-looking examples I found on Google. Are\nthey all grammatical? These all mean \"I bought this book two days after I came\nto Japan,\" correct? What is the difference between them?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-23T21:37:12.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65668",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T14:21:48.290",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-11T02:22:37.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"time"
],
"title": "来た2日後に vs 来て2日後に vs 来てから2日後に",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "They do all mean generally the same thing, but as always examining the\ndifference can be revealing.\n\n日本に来 **た** 2日後にこの本を買った is structured like (日本に来た2日後)にこの本を買った. 日本に来 **て**\n2日後にこの本を買った can be parsed the same, but it can be also parsed as\n日本に来て(2日後にこの本を買った). This difference becomes more visible when you remove 2日後に:\n\n * 日本に来たこの本を買った (I bought this book that came to Japan)\n * 日本に来てこの本を買った (I came to Japan and bought this book)\n\n来てから is 来て+から and the extra から emphasizes the ordering or causal effect. The\nspeaker really wants to communicate that the purchase of the book happened\nafter he came to Japan, and presumably the context demands that emphasis, for\nexample someone said the book was really popular back in the US.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T14:21:48.290",
"id": "77073",
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65668
| null |
77073
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65674",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I ran across Jim Breen's page (<http://nihongo.monash.edu/jnumbers.html>)\nregarding numbers, it links to an image (provided below) which I found\nconfusing.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hDHrz.gif)\n\nIt reads 112 as ippyakujuuni, and 1386 as sensanbyakuhachijuuroku. I would\nexpect ichihyaku or hyaku, not ippyaku, for 100. And sanhyaku, not sanbyaku,\nfor 300. What is behind this strange reading of 100 there?\n\nThere is also similarly strange reading of number 2 036 521 801 in Wikipedia,\nwhich is ni-jū oku san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man sen hap-pyaku ichi. Why san-\nzen, not san-sen? Why rop-pyaku, not roku-hyaku? Why hap-pyaku, not hachi-\nhyaku?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T00:57:30.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65671",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T04:41:46.323",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "Why 112 is pronounced as ippyakujuuni instead of ichihyakujuuni?",
"view_count": 991
}
|
[
{
"body": "Many languages tend to simplify or change words to sound better when they are\nregularly used together in conjunction to form a new 'compound word'. Old\nEnglish 'Two + ty' became 'twenty'. Italian 'Venti + uno' is pronounced\n'ventuno', etc.\n\nRecommend reading up on [Japanese\nphonology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology) (especially\nrendaku and gemination), and\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61808/bridging-\ntsu-%E3%81%A4-when-joining-two-kanji/61816#61816) for answers to a similar\nquestions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T01:34:07.750",
"id": "65672",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T01:34:07.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "* Normally, 112 is read ひゃくじゅうに. いっぴゃく is used in some rare situations, but it's simply wrong elsewhere. See my answer here: [In conversation can you just say \"万円です\" or must you say \"一万円です\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42627/5010)\n * 300 is always さんびゃく (san **b** yaku), not さんひゃく. 3000 is always さんぜん (san **z** en), not さんせん. They may seem irregular, but you have to remember them. See [this chart](https://www.coscom.co.jp/learnjapanese101/wordcategory/basicwords_numbers-c.html).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T04:41:46.323",
"id": "65674",
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}
] |
65671
|
65674
|
65672
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65683",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see that 「念のために」 is an expression that means \"just in case\" in general, but\nhow does one express \"I'm going to do A in case B happens\"?\n\nFor example, \"I'm writing in pencil in case I make a mistake.\" Would that be\ntranslated simply as 「間違えるから、鉛筆で書いています。」, or is there a better way to capture\nthe nuance of doing something expressly for the purpose of insurance against\nsome other possible occurrence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T02:24:22.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65673",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T14:06:33.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Expressing doing something in case of/as a precaution for some other possible occurrence",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[
{
"body": "> \"I'm writing in pencil in case I make a mistake.\"\n\nHow about...\n\n「間違え **てもいいように** 、鉛筆で書いています。」\n\nor maybe...\n\n「間違える **といけないから** 、鉛筆で書いています。」\n\n* * *\n\nExample:\n\n雨が降ってもいいように、傘を持っていきなさい。 \n雨が降るといけないから、傘を持っていきなさい。 \nTake your umbrella in case it rains.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T14:06:33.267",
"id": "65683",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T14:06:33.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65673",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65673
|
65683
|
65683
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65679",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The whole phrase is 自分で強いと言うだけあるな, I know from consulting translations that it\nsays \"he is as strong as he says himself\" (earlier Hikaru said that he doesn't\nknow his rank but he thinks he's pretty strong) but am still not able to fully\nunderstand it using my own power.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yrOID.png)\n\nIt is written という here in this scan from the 単行本, but in the 完全版 version which\nI own, [it is written と言う, like so](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LXyNy.jpg).\n\nAfter a little investigation i think that だけ is [this\nだけ](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=dake), so 言うだけ is \"just as\n[he] says\", but I am still not able to understand this ある because the only\nhits for だけある I have found are after nouns suggesting the [\"there is only\n[noun]\" meaning of だけ](http://maggiesensei.com/2016/06/08/how-to-\nuse-%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91-shika-dake/).\n\nSo my question is, why is ある here and what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T05:55:54.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65676",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T07:42:45.707",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T06:07:57.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "30813",
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "understanding ある in と言うだけある",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think \"he is as strong as he says himself\" is a valid translation. だけ(は)ある\nis short for だけのことはある. This ある itself is a verb meaning \"to be\" or \"to exist\".\nこと in this construction refers to something abstract such as \"quality\",\n\"value\", \"reason\" or \"truth\". So 強いというだけある is the same as 強いというだけのことはある, which\nliterally means something like \"There is as much amount of\ntruth/value/strength as he says\" or \"There is something to the extent that he\nis saying.\"\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典 第2版:\n\n> ### だけ\n>\n> ❻ 《「…だけのことはある」の形で》それにふさわしい内実がある意を表す。 \n> 「高い金を払うだけのことはある」「この音を聞き分けるとは、さすが音楽家だけのことはある」\n\nReferences:\n\n * [JGram - だけのことはある](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=dakenokotohaaru)\n * [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: だけのことはある](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B/)\n * [What does こと refer to in だけのことはある](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2248/5010)\n * [Shouldn't this phrase using だけのこと mean \"just for that\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1945/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T07:37:37.123",
"id": "65679",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T07:42:45.707",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T07:42:45.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65676",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65676
|
65679
|
65679
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65682",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading Alita Battle Angel, and I came across a sentence that I do\nunderstand, but for some reason is conjugated to the negative. Please could\nsomeone break the sentence down for me?\n\n> > (After becoming just your head, you have become rather talkative)\n>>\n\n>> 取｛と｝り憑{つ｝く体によって知能レベルがどうも **左右{さゆう}されていかん…**\n\n>>\n\n>> (My intelligence is influenced by the body I possess...)\n\nMy understanding is that どうも gives the meaning of 'somewhat, fairly, quite',\nbut I do not know why いかない is not in the plain form. Also, what does it do\nwhen the passive form of the main verb is used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T10:12:12.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65681",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T11:50:31.420",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T11:50:31.420",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"passive-voice",
"modality",
"によって-passives"
],
"title": "Weird Inflection -されていかん",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "いかん in this sentence means \"no good\", \"of no use\", \"it sucks\", etc. It's\nadding the speaker's feeling about the mentioned fact (左右される). いかん is almost a\nlexicalized expression, and it is also used like English \"oops\", \"don't do it\"\nor \"oh my gosh\". It sounds a little pompous or dialectal.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [What does ても＋いかん do?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28856/5010)\n * [Meaning of いかんしょ in following sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28280/5010)\n * [Use of \"いかん\" in the following sentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61398/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T11:39:27.433",
"id": "65682",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T11:44:42.763",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65681",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65681
|
65682
|
65682
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65692",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Was casually browsing through the Wikipedia page on modern Japanese literature\nand came across this line that has been bugging me for a bit. For context,\nI've included a bit of the beginning of the sentence, followed by the part I'm\ninterested in bolded:\n\n> 言文一致の結果、日本語の書き言葉は、それまで日本文学において重きをおかれていた漢文の伝統から切り離され、明治中期には現代の日本語の書き言葉に直接連なる\n> **文体が確立した** 。\n\nAny time I've come across the verb 確立する, it's always been presented as a\ntransitive verb (他動詞), with を specifying what is being established. One\nexample would be something like 「方針を確立する」.\n\nYet in the quoted passage above, it looks to me as though 確立する is functioning\nas an intransitive verb (自動詞). I understand the passage to read as:\n\n> As a result of the unification of written and spoken Japanese, written\n> Japanese was separated from the tradition of _kanbun_ , which, up until\n> then, had held significance in Japanese literature; and a formal writing\n> style directly related to the modern Japanese written language **was\n> established** during the middle of the Meiji period.\n\nOnce again, I've bolded my translation of 確立する. I've translated it as \"was\nestablished\" (even though I appreciate it's not a passive verb in this\ncontext) mainly because I can't figure out how to make the verb work as a\ntransitive verb in translation.\n\nCan this verb function as either an intransitive _or_ a transitive verb given\nspecific contexts? I know that's not necessarily true of all する verbs. I also\nwonder if perhaps I've mistranslated as a result of assuming that 確立する must be\nan intransitive verb in this context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T14:09:34.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65684",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T21:10:15.213",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T15:32:16.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "32706",
"owner_user_id": "32706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Can「確立する」function as an intransitive verb?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 確立する can be either transitive or intransitive. From 明鏡国語辞典 第二版 (emphasis\nmine):\n\n> かく‐りつ【確立】\n>\n> 《名・ **自他** サ変》基礎となる物事などを、しっかりとうち立てること。また、しっかりと定まって動かないこと。\n>\n> 「制度［名声・信頼関係］を／が━する」\n\nNot quite sure why the online dictionaries (デジタル大辞泉, 大辞林 第三版, etc.) don't\nlabel the transitivity.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T21:10:15.213",
"id": "65692",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T21:10:15.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14544",
"parent_id": "65684",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65684
|
65692
|
65692
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69358",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I want to say \"If I can help with _your English studies_ ...\".\n\nI thought of three ways, none of which I'm sure is natural:\n\n 1. 英語の勉強 **を手伝ってあげられたら**...\n 2. 英語の勉強の **お手伝いをしてあげられたら**...\n 3. 英語の勉強の **お手伝いができたら**...\n\nI looked up the parts in bold on Google and got hardly any hits for 1. and 2.\nSo I tried 3., and that seemed a bit better.\n\nSo my question has three parts:\n\n 1. Is there any difference between using nounを手伝う and nounのお手伝いをする?\n 2. Is it weird to add てあげる to these constructions? Is the 'giving' part already implied because the verb is about helping?\n 3. What are natural ways to say \"If I can help you with _noun phrase_ \"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T14:17:25.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65685",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-12T07:01:04.457",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-09T08:43:42.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Usage of 手伝う and お手伝いをする",
"view_count": 885
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. ...を手伝う is a verb, while ...のお手伝いをする is doing the noun お手伝い, which means \"help\"\n 2. お手伝してあげる implies that I will help, but a more natural way would be 手伝ってあげる. Your way is not weird at all.\n 3. \"もしも _noun phase_ をお手伝いできたら...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-05T12:02:25.503",
"id": "68678",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-05T12:02:25.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34260",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
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{
"body": "I think the problem we have here is that there's no easy way to use 手伝う\nsentences without implying that you're in a position that is higher than the\nother person, at least with respect to a specific subject, even if you're a\npeer to that person.\n\nThe sort of roundabout way of describing what you're trying to do is to do\nsomething with them, like, practice. Think on this:\n\n> 一緒に英語を勉強しませんか。\n>\n> 英語で話すことを練習しませんか。\n\nThis might be a presumption on my part, but at least in English, we express\npoliteness by offering help, whereas I think Japanese people in general don't\ntake very kindly to offered help, as help is usually something that is\nrequested. I don't think I have heard a 手伝う sentence that is outward, and that\nisn't looking down (even if unintentionally) at the person receiving help.\n\nWhen l'électeur mentions that you sound 上から, I personally read this as, you\nsort of sound like this person's teacher. That might not be how you feel about\nthe other person, so your best bet is to cast yourself in a similar light as\nthe other person, and attempt to cast your request in a \"mutually-beneficial\"\nsort of way, if you mean to actually help and not offend, even if you know\nthat you'd be fine without it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-08T22:06:54.310",
"id": "69346",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-08T22:06:54.310",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "65685",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> _What are natural ways to say \"If I can help you with_ noun phrase _\"?_\n\nIf I understand English correctly, this phrase should mean \"if there is a\nchance I am of help to you with...\", but unfortunately, your Japanese\nsentences mean \"if I have enough ability to help you with...\" In other words,\nit presupposes somebody _does_ need help, rather than may or may not to. If\nyou do know well the specific people or situation that they must be in\ntrouble, then you can say that way and be a 気の利く thoughtful person, but\notherwise it could sound intrusive or even patronizing. You should instead\nuse:\n\n> [noun phrase]でお手伝いできることが（あれば／ありましたら）… \n> [noun phrase]でお手伝いが必要な時は…\n\nto have the same connotation as your English. But I think I'd say:\n\n> [noun phrase]で（お困りの／困った）ことがあれば… \n> [noun phrase]で何かできることがあれば…\n\nwhich are more or less idiomatic in Japanese.\n\n> _Is it weird to add てあげる to these constructions? Is the 'giving' part\n> already implied because the verb is about helping?_\n\nJust for the same reason as above. If you're already sure they like it, or\nthey call for you to do something, you're fine to use ～てあげる. Otherwise you'll\nrisk being a busybody.\n\n> _Is there any difference between using nounを手伝う and nounのお手伝いをする?_\n\nThe latter is a more polite (and often humble) way of saying with honorific\nprefix お-. It must become お手伝い（を）する because *お手伝う is ungrammatical (cf. 書く →\nお書きになる). By the way, お手伝い as a noun is indeed much more popular than the bare\n手伝い. It's good to know that _domestic helper_ is traditionally called お手伝いさん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-09T08:42:43.343",
"id": "69358",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-12T07:01:04.457",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-12T07:01:04.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "65685",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65685
|
69358
|
69358
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I read it word by word in Japanese, it would be 'em pi san'. But, I once\nheard someone read it quite differently. How is it read in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T14:23:05.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65686",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T21:28:40.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T14:25:24.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "33076",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to read mp3 in Japanese?",
"view_count": 182
}
|
[
{
"body": "The correct pronunciation is:\n\n> > エムピースリー\n\n**Refs:**\n\n(1)\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/MP3-1743#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89>\n\n(2) <https://jisho.org/search/mp3>\n\n(3) [https://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-\nbin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=2222070](https://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-\nbin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=2222070)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-24T17:02:53.423",
"id": "65690",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-24T21:28:40.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-24T21:28:40.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "65686",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65686
| null |
65690
|
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