question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70190",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was doing some exercises and the book that I'm using translated:\n\n> I don't want shoes\n\nto\n\n> 靴は欲しくないです\n\nI answered using が particle instead は, since, as far as I know, I should use が\nbefore 欲しい. So why did the book use は this time?\n\nI imagined that the reason is to make a contrast/comparison that は provide. Is\nthat why?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-18T21:33:34.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70188",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T04:43:00.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-19T03:57:56.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35069",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Using は before 欲しい instead が",
"view_count": 1460
}
|
[
{
"body": "He may be asked “what do you want as a present?” or “ do you want shoes as a\npresent?” \nThen he uses は containing contrast/comparison meaning. \nHe wants something but shoes.\n\n靴は欲しいです。 \nI want shoes. (He wants other things too.) \n靴が欲しいです。 \nI want shoes. (He doesn’t want other things.) \n靴が欲しくないです。 \nI don’t want shoes.(He’ll accept anything but shoes.) \n靴は欲しくないです。 \nI don’t want shoes.(He’ll refuse something besides shoes.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-18T22:17:15.107",
"id": "70189",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-18T22:17:15.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70188",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "_**\" I want xxx.\" vs. \"I do not want xxx.\"**_\n\nWhen you want something, you will generally say:\n\n> 「XXX + **が** + ほしい」\n\nand when you do not want something, you will generally say:\n\n> 「XXX + **は** + ほしくない」\n\n**The only times you can and must use** 「XXX + **が** + ほしくない」 **is when it is\nused in the if-clause or relative clause.** Thus, it is correct to say:\n\n> Relative Clause:「靴{くつ} + **が** + 欲{ほ}しくない人は靴屋{くつや}へは行かない。」\n>\n> \"A person who does not want shoes would not go to a shoestore.\"\n>\n> If-Clause:「靴 + **が** + 欲しくなければ、なんで靴屋に来たの？」\n>\n> \"If you do not want shoes, why did you come to a shoestore?\"\n\nMoving on...\n\n_**The contrastive 「は」**_\n\nThis is essentially a different topic from what has been discussed above.\n\nIt is correct to say:\n\n> 「靴 + **は** + 欲しくない。」\n\nwhen you do not want shoes but want another thing. Thus, you can say:\n\n> 「靴 **は** 欲しくないけど、ジーンズ **は** 欲しい。」\n\nThat is a pair of contrastive は's. \"I don't want shoes, but I want some\njeans.\"\n\n> I imagined that the reason is to make a contrast/comparison that は provides.\n> Is that why?\n\nNo, as I stated above. We are talking about two different things. One is\naffirmative vs. negative. The other is contrastive.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-18T23:11:00.673",
"id": "70190",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T03:53:06.697",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70188",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "As to the question of when to use はほしい [はほし **い** and not ほし **くない** ]:\n\nI think that @l'électeur gave one good example (=when emphasizing the contrast\nof what one wants and what not) with the example 「靴は欲しくないけど、ジーンズは欲しい。」\n\nIF YOU READ FURTHER [NOT ADVISABLE, BUT I DON'T DELETE THIS\n\n 1. Due to the valuable comments\n\n 2. To indicate when **は** 欲しい IS **NOT** USED ;-) \n\n 3. To call for additional case where **は** 欲し **い** (and not e.g. が欲しい or は欲しくない) is used\n\n]\n\nIn addition I can think of at least two other situations to use は but at least\nI clicked on this question to find out more, so I hope the natives / gurus\n[also others than @l'électeur ] correct / add:\n\nCan be used like in a [phrase or at least close] \"あれはほしいこれはほしい\" as a critical\nstatement about someone with too many requests [and here it is more about\nrequests than aspirations], i.e. in a stereotypical case two employees could\ntalk about their boss [or similarly 2 managers could talk about someone's\ndifficult team member] who is never satisfied and comes up with continues and\nunreasonable requests.\n\nCan be used when the target of the aspirations is a bit abstract and/or not\n**immediately** achievable / obtainable, like I want that kind of life\n[ああ言う人生はほしい]",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T13:53:43.190",
"id": "70198",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T04:43:00.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T04:43:00.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "34261",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "70188",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70188
|
70190
|
70190
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70195",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The characters are having the following conversation (provided for context),\nand I'm unsure as to what こと in the last line means. According to a\n[previously asked\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56490/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8-mean), it has a large number of uses. From the\ncontext, I'm tentatively guessing that こと means \"thing\", seeing as how the\ntopic is about a talent that the first character was previously unaware of.\nI'm unsure though, as こと has many other uses.\n\n> 「……才能？」\n>\n> 「あなたには、生まれついての才能があるのよ\n>\n> 人を殺す才能。\n>\n> 生き残る才能。\n>\n> 暗殺者としての才能が」\n>\n> 呆れた話だった。\n>\n> いきなり何を言いだすかと思えば。\n>\n> 「はは……、わけの解らない **こと** 言わないでくれよ。大体、何の根拠があって……」\n\nIs my understanding of the use of こと in the above sentence correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-18T23:20:48.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70192",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T02:46:20.470",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-19T08:18:23.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "26484",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Does こと mean 'thing' in the following context?",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you say, the こと means “thing” in this sentence. \n私には人を殺す才能や生き残る才能などの生まれついての暗殺者としての才能があること is the 意味のわからないこと(nonsense thing).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T02:07:29.283",
"id": "70195",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T02:07:29.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70192",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This こと simply means [\"(intangible)\nthing\"](https://www.thejapanesepage.com/100-grammar-points/koto/). Simpler\nexamples are:\n\n * 悲しいこと sad thing / something sad\n * 嬉しいこと happy thing / something happy\n * 簡単なこと easy thing / something easy\n\nLikewise, 訳の分からないこと means \"nonsensical/unreasonable thing\", which is the\nobject of the verb 言う.\n\n* * *\n\nIn case you don't know what this 訳の is doing, you have to analyze this part as\na relative clause. Actually, 訳の分からない is a relative clause modifying こと. So the\n_very_ literal translation is:\n\n> **訳の分からない** こと = **訳が分からない** こと \n> thing **in which reason/logic is not understandable**\n>\n> → unreasonable/nonsensical thing\n\nThis combination appears very often and you may practically think 訳が分からない or\n訳の分からない is almost [like a single-word\ni-adjective](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%8C%E5%88%86%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84),\nas I [explained before](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/67894/5010). Also\nnote that [ga-no conversion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)\nmay happen. Simpler examples of this pattern are:\n\n * 心の狭い人 a narrow-minded person\n * カバーが赤い本 a book with a red cover\n * 桜の有名な公園 a park that is famous for cherry blossoms\n\nBy the way, I feel you're asking about almost every single sentence in this\nscene over several months, and you've asked about the exact same sentence\n[four months ago](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/67894/5010). This time,\nこと is one of the most basic words of Japanese. Are you sure you're reading\nmaterial suitable for your level?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T00:40:14.437",
"id": "70212",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T02:46:20.470",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T02:46:20.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70192",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70192
|
70195
|
70212
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I know that the te imashita is the past progressive, yet when asking if my\njapanese friend had eaten, she often replies with tabetenakatta, and my\nteacher says the te iru form can also mean \" Have eaten\" or \"Just ate\" (I\ncan't remember which.) I wanna know the specifics and if this goes with any\nverb? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T00:25:15.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70193",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T00:45:51.580",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-19T00:42:23.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "34616",
"owner_user_id": "34616",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "食べていました meaning \"Have eaten\" or \"Just ate\"",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[] |
70193
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70206",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading some old prewar books that smush two kango together to create a\ncomplex noun, for example 伝説伝統 for \"legends and traditions\".\n\nAn academic citation, by an author who I am finding a bit dubious, gives\nRomanizations for such doubled-up kango with a _ya_ in the middle, for\nexample, _densetsu ya dentō_.\n\nIs this a legitimate way to transcribe the literary reading of doubled-up\nkango, or is _densetsu dentō_ the correct pronunciation?\n\nedit in reply to naruto: The exact document in question is a Meiji period\ncurrent events magazine from 1899, but I'm wondering about this general\npattern of writing which I've seen over the period 1890-1945",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T05:29:05.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70197",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T20:32:49.823",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-19T19:51:27.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "583",
"owner_user_id": "583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"readings",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Romanizing doubled-up kango",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm a naitive Japanese speaker. Just let you know my answer is based on my\nexperience, not based on linguistic evidences.\n\n> Romanizations for such doubled-up kango with a ya in the middle, for\n> example, densetsu ya dentō.\n\nFrom my perspective, this statement is questionable. It is true that you can\nitemize with \"ya\"(や) (both in written and spoken Japanese), but in such cases\nwe would always spell it out explicitly, that is 伝説や伝統.\n\nHowever, the \"doubled-up kango\" itself is not wrong. Sometimes (but not often)\nwe itemize things without using \"と\" or \"や\" and its pronunciation is simply,\n\"densetsu dentō.\" In normal sentences, spelling with ”、” or \"・\" between (i.e.\n伝説・伝統) would be preferable for readability. (Also, it might be my personal\narticulation style, but I put a short pause between densetsu and dentō.)\n\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T20:32:49.823",
"id": "70206",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T20:32:49.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35080",
"parent_id": "70197",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70197
|
70206
|
70206
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70207",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "キルフェボン好きの人 雑談好きならココにおいで\n\nキルフェボン I dont understand the meaning of this word. The context is the heading\nof the chatroom. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T16:34:56.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70201",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T21:14:43.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-19T17:43:18.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of キルフェボン?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "キルフェボン（Qu'il fait bon） is a Japanese cake shop’s name. \n[https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/キルフェボン](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T21:14:43.133",
"id": "70207",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T21:14:43.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70201
|
70207
|
70207
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "As far as I know, both mean \"capital city\". Is there a difference in terms of\nnuance or usage between both words?\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T18:19:33.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70202",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-19T18:19:33.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"synonyms",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「首都【しゅと】」and 「都【みやこ】」?",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[] |
70202
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70222",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you translate something like “so that you are/can be X”?\n\nI bought this so that he’ll be safe.\n\nI want to do this for you so that you’re happy!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T21:35:33.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70209",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T13:26:15.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "So that + adjective?",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "Like mentioned in the comments you would use ように/ために. As for the question of\nhow to combine this with adjectives and the copula you would normally use the\nadverbial form of the word in question. For example:\n\n> 彼が安全にいられるようにこれを買った \n>\n>\n> 美味しくするために塩を入れた\n\nFor the copula you can use である (which is another form of the copula) but I\nthink in most cases なる and いる does the job better",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T10:31:40.840",
"id": "70222",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T13:26:15.010",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34178",
"parent_id": "70209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70209
|
70222
|
70222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70211",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both appear to mean \"to stand up\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T22:18:00.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70210",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T14:06:39.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35082",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 立ち上がる and 立つ?",
"view_count": 394
}
|
[
{
"body": "立つ has much more range. It's used to mean \"stand,\" as in a prolonged action;\nstanding in one place. 立ち上がる is just the action of standing up. If you google\nimage, it's easy to see the difference. 立ち上がる has another meaning of,\nbasically, \"rising from the ashes\", like here: 破産の憂き目から立ち上がる.\n\n立つ on the other hand has a huge range of meanings, just hop over to your\nfavorite dictionary. If it's any good, it should make things clear.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-19T23:34:07.173",
"id": "70211",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T14:06:39.183",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-21T14:06:39.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "22363",
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "70210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70210
|
70211
|
70211
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’m right now learning the pattern 「ようとしない」 but I can’t tell the difference on\na negative statement using 「ことがある」.\n\n> 「彼は、自分のことは言おうとしない。」 \n> 「彼は、自分のことについて話すことがない。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T01:32:21.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70213",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-28T00:15:48.243",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-28T00:15:48.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35085",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "「ようとしない」と「ことがある」の違い",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. 彼は、自分のことは話そうとしない。\n 2. 彼は、自分のことについて話すことがない。\n\nHis _unwillingness_ is explicitly expressed in the first sentence. ～(よ)う is a\n_volitional_ form, after all. Maybe he has some shady background he wants to\nhide. The second sentence is simply saying such a thing does not happen. It\nmay be that he has nothing interesting to tell, or no one is interested in\nhim.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T02:11:32.427",
"id": "70216",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T08:56:59.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T08:56:59.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70213
|
70216
|
70216
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So imagine I get asked this question, perhaps when calling someone:\n図書館...何をしている。 Perhaps I am reading a book, so: ［僕は］としょかん...本を読んでいる。 Here is\nthe problem. For \"...\", I am conflicted on whether to use で or に in each\ninstance and in general. I know that being at a location is に, and doing an\naction at a location is で, but what of this sentence pattern? Are there\nspecific cases for whether to use one or the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T01:46:44.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70214",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-24T14:04:05.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle Use When Using Form V-ている/ある at a Location: で or に?",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are talking about some action that is taking place in the 図書館, so you have\nto use で.\n\n> 図書館 **で** 本を読んでいます。\n\n * [Particles: に vs. で](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60/5010)\n\nThere is a subsidiary verb いる used to express progressive \"-ing\", but it\ndoesn't interfere with this rule.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T02:01:57.280",
"id": "70215",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T02:01:57.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70214
| null |
70215
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I came across this word in a manga that I'm translating. I understand that it\nhas something to do with not attending school, but I can't for the life of me\nfigure out what \"絶賛\" means when placed in front of 不登校. I haven't found any\ndictionary entries for it either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T03:12:15.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70217",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T03:16:14.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29917",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "I need help on the meaning and translation of 絶賛不登校",
"view_count": 74
}
|
[] |
70217
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70231",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> お父さんの無念を引き継ぎ糧にすることが出来る。\n\nI tried to understand what this sentence means, but I am totally confused. It\nwas related to an assets that left behind, but there was 糧 character which\nmeans food or provision, it's really confusing. Please kindly help. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T04:06:08.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70218",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T16:44:06.600",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T12:41:11.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "お父さんの無念を引き継ぎ糧にすることが出来る。 What's the meaning?",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "糧 originally meant food. Now it also means something that makes you grow.\n\n> お父さんの無念を引き継ぎ糧にすることが出来る。\n\nIn this sentence お父さんの無念 is 糧. Trying to do what your father wasn’t able to\ndo, you can grow.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T11:54:29.277",
"id": "70226",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T11:54:29.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「お父さんの無念{むねん}を引{ひ}き継{つ}ぎ糧{かて}にすることが出来{でき}る。」\n\n＝\n\n> 「お父さんの無念を引き継ぎ、（それを）糧にすることが出来る。」 with 「それ」 referring to 「お父さんの無念」.\n\n「糧{かて}」, in this context, roughly means \" **food for thought** \", \"\n**intellectual nourishment** \", etc. This is a very common usage of the word,\ntoo, besides its basic meaning of \"burgers and fries\" (j/k), the food with\nreal calories.\n\n> \"I shall remember my father's regrets so that I will be able to turn them\n> into my food for thought (to live on).\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T16:26:57.070",
"id": "70231",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T16:44:06.600",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T16:44:06.600",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
70218
|
70231
|
70231
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70233",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "If I want to say only 日本 in a sentence then each character is pronounced in\nits onyomi version isn't it? If this is an exception and one (or all) of the\ncharacters is not pronounced in onyomi version then ok i'll remember the\nexception, but 日 isn't pronounced \"ni\" anyway. So how can I understand this\nsituation?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T08:47:07.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70220",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T02:41:36.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Why is 日本 read as \"nihon\" but not \"nitsuhon\"?",
"view_count": 5473
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are three readings for 日本: にほん, にっぽん, and やまと. The last reading is non-\nstandard as far as general use. The first two are still used often, but にほん is\nby far the de rigueur reading currently.\n\nPossibly you are reading something old, where 日本 is written as につぽん. While\ntoday, a repeating consonant is written with a small tsu (っ), in the past it\nwas often written with a regular-sized tsu (つ), and some elderly people still\nwrite it this way. What looks to you like **_Nitsuhon_** is actually\n**_Nippon_**.\n\n日 has several readings, but the reading of に in にほん is a special case and\nshouldn't be applied outside of this circumstance.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T09:58:36.623",
"id": "70221",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T09:58:36.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "70220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 24
},
{
"body": "(First, 日本 is pronounced like _nippon_ or _nihon_ , but not _nitsuhon_.)\n\nUnfortunately, there are tons of irregularities and exceptions regarding the\nreadings of words, and you have to master them individually, word by word.\nPronunciations change over time, but spellings tend not to change. In the case\nof Japanese, there are even kanji words that completely ignore the original\npronunciation of each kanji (known as jukujikun). For example 一日 is read ついたち.\n\n * [日曜日，the different meanings and pronunciations of 日](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68850/5010)\n * [Where does the な in 大人 (otona) come from?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24513/5010)\n * [Why is 一日 'tsuitachi'?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53068/5010)\n\nUncommon words tend to exhibit less exceptions, so you don't need to suffer\nforever. English is [one of the worst European\nlanguages](https://www.quora.com/In-what-languages-besides-English-are-\nspelling-and-pronunciation-very-different-and-why) in terms of spelling-\nphonetic consistency, so if you can speak English, you can master Japanese :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T12:50:57.503",
"id": "70229",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T12:56:25.997",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T12:56:25.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "There are no strict rules for how a word written in kanji translates to\nreading. There are rule of thumbs, but they do not give a strict indication.\nAt best, they will give you a 40% chance to correctly guess a word's reading\nfrom its kanji. Which isn't trivial, but far from reliable.\n\nMost of the stuff you've learned about onyomi or kunyomi is basically useless\nin practice, as words that actually follow those rules in a predictable way\nare actually in the minority. If you try to look at words that \"don't follow\nthe rules\", or where the rules are ambiguous, as exceptions, you'll find that\nmost of the Japanese language is made of exceptions.\n\nWords like 今日, 昨日, 相応しい, or 大人しい, are great examples for having no clear\nrelation between the kanji and reading. Even when a single kanji is used, you\nhave examples like 全う, 全て, and 全く, all having completely different readings.\n\nEven when a kanji has the same reading in multiple words, it can still have\nmultiple options. For instance, in 男性, 可能性, 性質, 事件性, and 個性, 性 would be read\nas \"sei\". While in 本性, 性分, 相性, and 性根, 性 would be read as \"shou\". So even when\nit seems to \"follow the rules\", you're still getting a 50:50 guess on the\nreading.\n\n日本 is actually closer to the latter case. 本 is quite often read as \"hon\"\n(while occasionally also being \"moto\"). 日 is most often \"hi\", \"jitsu\", or\n\"nichi\". The latter lends itself to both the reading \"nippon\", as in \"nichi\"\nwith \"chi\" shortened to a small \"tsu\", followed by \"hon\" with \"ho\" upgraded to\n\"po\", similar to in 一本. \"nihon\" can be seen as farther shortening \"nichi\", or\nas doing something that is between \"nichi\" and \"hi\".\n\nBut really, if you're hoping to read any given word, you should learn the\nreading of the whole word, not try to divide it into kanji. After learning\nenough words, you will sometimes be able to spot kanji which are read the same\nin multiple words, and be able to use that to guess the reading of new words.\nBut even then, it's anywhere between a 50:50 to 1 in 5 guess, and if you don't\nknow the word, you'll have to look up its correct reading anyway. Kanji\nreading will serve, at best, as a hint or mnemonic.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T19:19:53.157",
"id": "70233",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T19:19:53.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35094",
"parent_id": "70220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "You're right, `日本` pronunciation is based on the on-yomi of each kanji.\n\n`本` has only one on-yomi : \"hon\", so no problem here. `日` has\n[two](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/kanji/%E6%97%A5/) though : \"nichi\"\n([go-on](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go-on)) and \"jistu\" ([kan-\non](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan-on)).\n\nYou can \"understand the situation\" of `日本` being nowadays read \"nihon\" or\n\"nippon\" through its history :\n\n 1. it is thought to have evolved from the go-on reading \"nichihon\" ( **ニ** チ **ホン** ) to \"nippon\" ( **ニ** ッ **ポン** ) through phonetic change (called [gemination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination) or [促音便](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF#%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF))\n 2. and then from \"nippon\" to \"nihon\" for pronunciation softening.\n\nNowadays both \"nippon\" and \"nihon\" readings have been retained and are\ncommonly used.\n\nIncidentally, the kan-on reading of 日本, `ジツホン` (jitsuhon), is thought to be at\nthe origin of its translations in a bunch of foreign languages (Marco Polo's\n\"Cipangu\", \"Jipang\", \"Japan\", etc).\n\n_Source:[大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/167553/meaning/m1u/)_\n\n* * *\n\nAbout your question and initial thought process: \nI think your kanji app shouldn't have listed \"nitsu\" as an on-yomi for `日` :\n`日` is sometimes read `ニッ` but as a gemination from `ニチ` so really that's the\nsame one on-yomi. \nBuilding on expecting `日本` to be read with the on-yomi of its kanji, and\ngemination being omnipresent in modern Japanese, you should have expected it\nto be possibly read \"nippon\" or \"jippon\". \nOnly remains \"nihon\", which indeed is an oddity and warrants a question here.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T15:39:06.073",
"id": "70245",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T02:41:36.190",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T02:41:36.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "4533",
"owner_user_id": "4533",
"parent_id": "70220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70220
|
70233
|
70221
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70228",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Hepburn romanization, to express the different realizations of some\nconsonants before /i/ or /u/, uses different spellings from the other\nsyllables in their groups:\n\n * /si/ > \"shi\"\n * /zi/ > \"ji\"\n * /ti/ > \"chi\", /tu/ > \"tsu\"\n * /hu/ > \"fu\"\n\nOther romanizations, like the Nihon-shiki or Kunrei-shiki, avoid this\naltogether sticking to one consonant symbol for each group.\n\nHave there ever been any romanization standards which instead used diacritics\nto express this difference in pronunciation? E.g. something like:\n\n```\n\n sa ši su se so\n za ži zu ze zo\n ta ťi ţu te to\n ha he ḩu he ho\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T10:33:38.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70223",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-25T08:01:45.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26860",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"rōmaji",
"symbols"
],
"title": "Romanizations of Japanese using consonant diacritics?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "No romanization systems currently in use today use diacritics on consonants. I\nthink it's non-intuitive to both Japanese and English speakers.\n\n[Portuguese-style\nromaji](https://green.adam.ne.jp/roomazi/porutogarusiki.html) was used in the\n16th century, and it included some diacritics. Historically, there were also\nFrench-, Dutch-, and German-style systems (see a table in the middle of [this\npage](https://green.adam.ne.jp/roomazi/iroiro.html)). I don't know about them,\nbut I believe they are not actively used today, anyway. For example, _tsunami_\nis spelled as _tsunami_ in all these languages.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T12:28:19.650",
"id": "70228",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T12:34:07.353",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T12:34:07.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70223",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70223
|
70228
|
70228
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70225",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to ask if someone is there. Can both terms be used to ask if a person\nis there/are you there? いますか or いるの？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T11:02:21.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70224",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T11:59:04.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Asking if you are there いますか or いるの？",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "I assume what you are asking is \"どなたか／誰か + いますか？／いるの？\" construction.\n\n> どなたか／誰か + **いますか** ？\n\nmeans you want to **get the reply** from someone if they are staying there.\n\nSo, if someone is replying, it might **relieve** you.\n\n> どなたか／誰か + **いるの** ？\n\nmeans you **are wondering** if someone is there since it is **unlikely/no\nsign** someone is staying there. So, if someone is replying, it might\n**surprise** you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T11:36:58.043",
"id": "70225",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T11:59:04.490",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-20T11:59:04.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70224",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70224
|
70225
|
70225
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please explain more in detail and clearly that phrase \"信じて行動する\".\n\nContext:\n\n> 僕とハルはある男を信じて行動していた\n\nAm I to understand that definition like \"man of word + man of action\", a\nperson who is completely self-controlled and achieves the goals set for\nherself, a successful man?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T16:20:59.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70230",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T17:33:45.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31267",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"信じて行動する\" mean?",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "The て in 信じて, means 'and then' because it is the continuous form. It means\n(literal): Me and haru believed a guy and then acted(moved).\n\nKind of like you can say スーパーに行って、学校に戻った。I went to the supermarket and then\nreturned to school. The fact that you combined 信じて行動する into one thought shows\nthat you are missing the fact that the て splits it into two separate although\nrelated thoughts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T17:33:45.197",
"id": "70232",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-20T17:33:45.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35093",
"parent_id": "70230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70230
|
70232
|
70232
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I thought の when used in questions is for when you’re asking for an\nexplanation or to have a curious tone, but んだ is also for explanation and I’ve\nseen both used to end questions so what are the differences between them?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T21:52:48.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70235",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T03:34:06.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ending a question with んだ？and の？",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "For **yes-no type questions** :\n\n> 1. 食べたの？\n> 2. 食べたんだ？\n>\n\nSentence 1 is very common, and sounds friendly and neutral (i.e., you have no\nprior assumption). Syntactically, sentence 2 may not be a question, but with a\nquestion mark, it sounds more like a confirmation with a surprised and/or\naccusatory tone (\"So...you ate it, is that right?\").\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ORHSNm.png)\n\nFor **wh-type questions** (どこ, 何, etc):\n\n> 3. どこへ行くの？\n> 4. どこへ行くんだ？\n>\n\nSentence 3 is a simple, gender-neutral, colloquial question. Sentence 4 sounds\nmasculine (or sometimes militaristic), blunt and often oppressing. You usually\ndon't have to say a sentence like 4 even to your family.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F6Ioh.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vrZmHm.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T03:34:06.377",
"id": "70238",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T03:34:06.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70235",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70235
| null |
70238
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70241",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The full context of the first original phrase is:\n\n> 「・・・浦島{うらしま}さん、・・・浦島さん」と、誰かが呼{よ}ぶ声｛こえ｝がします。\n\nI was just wondering, why is 声がする in the sentence when there is already 呼ぶ? Or\nrather, what would be wrong with replacing 呼ぶ声がします with 呼びます?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-20T22:53:12.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70236",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T15:04:11.273",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-21T09:56:30.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 呼ぶ声がします and 呼びます",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[
{
"body": "So, in this case 呼ぶ声 is meant to be taken as a sort-of participle which means\n\"a calling voice\"/\"a voice calling out\". So the basic translation of what the\nsentence is - \"'Urashima-san, Urashima-san', someone's voice called.\" You\ncould use just \"呼びます\", the difference is mostly a stylistic one. Japanese uses\n\"がします/する\" instead of the literal verb, \"call\" in this case, to give the\nsentence a matter-of-fact feeling.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T03:10:53.107",
"id": "70237",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-21T09:58:14.010",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-21T09:58:14.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35101",
"parent_id": "70236",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「・・・浦島さん、・・・浦島さん」と、誰かが **呼ぶ声がします** 。\n\n> 「・・・浦島さん、・・・浦島さん」と、誰かが **呼びます** 。\n\nBoth are _grammatically_ correct.\n\nIn the former, 声がします expresses/implies that someone's voice came toward the\nmain character (浦島太郎 here) and he hears it.\n\nSo the latter is just:\n\n> Someone called, \"Urashima-san, Urashima-san...\"\n\nwhile the original sounds more like:\n\n> Taro heard someone's voice calling him, \"Urashima-san, Urashima-san...\"\n\n* * *\n\nThe する here means \"to sense/perceive\".\n\n> ［声・音・におい・香り・味・感じ・[気]{き} etc.］ + がする\n\nis used to mean \"to sense/perceive [voice, sound, smell, taste, feeling,\netc.]\"\n\neg\n\n> 「声がする」 _hear a voice_ \n> 「～の音がする」 _hear the sound of ~_ \n> 「～のにおいがする」 _smell ~_\n\nFor more on this usage of する, you can refer to these threads:\n\n * [「〜がする」 the extended use of する (to do)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17850/9831)\n * [How do I use がする? (ex: いい香りがする)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11186/9831)\n * [What does する mean when it does not mean \"do\"? （血のにおいがする）](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2289/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-08-21T10:31:30.087",
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70236
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70241
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70241
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{
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"body": "そっち or そちら? The terms are used frequently in chat situations. I know that the\nterms mean there/you. Is one term preferred over the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T10:25:34.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70240",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases",
"formality"
],
"title": "そっち or そちら What is the difference?",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[] |
70240
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't get the meaning of という店もあります in that sentence. I understand: \"This\nmonth sales were 10 times higher than the sales from April last year\", then I\nhave no clue for the end of the sentence.\n\n> 今月の売り上げが去年の４月の１０倍になったという店もあります\n\nMy guess is:\n\n> \"This month sales were 10 times higher than the sales from April last year\n> for one of the shop\".\n\nBy the way, this is the complete sentence:\n\n> 大阪ではタピオカを入れた飲み物を売る店がたくさんできていて、今月の売り上げが去年の４月の１０倍になったという店もあります。\n\nCan you guys help me please?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T12:53:45.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70244",
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"owner_user_id": "35108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "という店もあります meaning in that sentence?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "The main clause of this sentence is simple:\n\n> 店もあります。 \n> There are even/also stores.\n\nAnd there is a long relative clause modifying 店. This という is quotative-と\nfollowed by 言う, but is a very common combination used to describe a following\nnoun. See [my previous\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52003/5010) for examples. In this\ncase, you can use \"where\" or \"in which\".\n\n> ～という店もあります。 \n> There are even stores where ～.\n\nTherefore:\n\n> 今月の売り上げが去年の4月の10倍になったという店もあります。 \n> There are even (tapioca) stores where this month's sales were 10 times\n> higher than the sales from April last year.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-08-21T23:54:41.167",
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"body": "It seems to be the season for asking questions about questions, and with every\nquestion and answer I read I get more confused.\n\nWhat is the difference between:\n\n> 1) どこに行く \n> 2) どこに行くの\n\nI'm assuming 1) is a simple, informal, friendly question with no hidden\nmeanings and nuances.\n\nFor 2) I read all sorts of things in different places. Some say that:\n\n * 2) and 1) are entirely equivalent. \n * The の in 2) has the nature of the explanatory の. e.g. I'm seeking clarification on something.\n * 2) can have an accusatory or rude tone to it and should be used with care.\n\nMaybe I'm confused because people are giving different explanations in\ndifferent contexts. Can somebody clear up my confusion? Are all these\ndifferent interpretations correct? If so what context determines each meaning?\n\n_Nice to have: If someone would be so kind as to try and compare 1) and 2)\nwith のか and の/んだ as well it would be great to see it all in one place._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T20:46:12.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70249",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "The real meaning of の when asking a question",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "When you persuade the listener to decide the destination, only どこに行く？works and\nyou can't use the の version.\n\nOn the other hand, どこに行くの？ asks one who is seemingly going somewhere about the\ndestination. In this case, you can use どこに行く？ too.",
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"creation_date": "2019-08-22T04:56:07.933",
"id": "70258",
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{
"body": "Or can using か before the question mark help?\n\nExample: あなたはピカチュウを[捕]{つか}まえましたか？ _Anata-wa Pikachū-o tsukamaemashita-ka?_ It\nmeans _Have you caught Pikachu?_\n\nまだこれを読めないか？ _Mada kore-o yomenai-ka?_ You still can't read this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T07:36:28.133",
"id": "70261",
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{
"body": "This の is still explanatory-no used to **seek clarification**.\n\n> A「いってきます。夜には戻るね。」 \n> B「どこに行くの？」\n\nIn this case, の is almost mandatory because B is seeking the reason why A is\nleaving. You definitely have to learn how to use this の properly. It's still\npossible to drop this の, but it's very blunt and unrealistic in ordinary\nspeech. A stereotyped tough guy like Terminator or Kratos (in _God of War_ )\nwould say \"どこに行く?\" or \"どこに行くんだ?\" instead, but no one around me speak like this\nin reality.\n\n> A「日曜日にどこかに遊びに行こうよ。」 \n> B「いいね！ どこに行く？」\n\nIn this case, の is usually not used because B is not seeking an explanation\nfor A's statement. If B said の, it would sound like B is being passive and\nexpecting A's suggestion, i.e., it would sound a bit more like \"Where do you\nhave in mind?\" rather than simple \"Where?\"\n\n> A「それ、おいしそうだね。」 \n> B「食べたい？」\n\nThis is a natural and friendly invitation.\n\n> A「それ、おいしそうだね。」 \n> B「食べたいの？」\n\nThis is when の can be unfriendly or dubious, if not necessarily rude; this\nsounds like \"Does that mean you wanna eat it?\". In general, you should use の\nwith care in \"Do you want to\" or \"Would you like to\"-type questions.\n\n* * *\n\nYou can read more about this の here: [Question Markers: か and\nの](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/)",
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"creation_date": "2019-08-22T11:40:50.940",
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70249
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70266
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70266
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{
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"body": "I can't seem to get a good grasp of it. I found a few example sentences and\nread on weblio that it means: to think (something) is improper; to question;\nto have a problem with. \nFrom the sentences I read, most of them were translated as \"I doubt that...\"\nor \"I'm not sure about that\". \n \nThere is this line that I found in a manga, with 2 boys having a banter: \nA says: 死ね。 \nB replies: すぐ死ねって言うのどうかと思う~☆ (yes his line has those symbols, which I can only\nthink that he has a playful tone and is mocking A) \n\n\"I doubt that I will drop dead right away\"/ \" Die quickly? I'm not so sure\nabout that\" Do these translations make sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T21:35:14.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70250",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T04:24:07.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does どうかと思う mean?",
"view_count": 2569
}
|
[
{
"body": "「どうかと思う」 is a **roundabout and indirect** way of expressing one's somewhat\nnegative opinion or impression of an action, situation, tendency, etc.\n\nIt is indirect for using the word 「どうか」 (\"how is it\") instead of directly\nsaying \"I don't like it.\", \"I think it's bad.\", etc.\n\nA more direct version of 「どうかと思う」 would be 「あまり感心{かんしん}しない」 (\" **I am not so\nimpressed**.\") and that would be one way to translate 「どうかと思う」.\n\nOther possible translations would include:\n\n\"I kinda wonder about ~~.\"\n\n\"I don't think it's so good.\"\n\n\"I find it less than ideal.\"\n\nWhatever fits the best in the target language is the best translation. One\nwill not arrive at it just by staring at the phrase 「どうかと思う」 as it is not a\ndirect expression.\n\nFinally,\n\n> A says: 死ね。\n>\n> B replies: すぐ死ねって言う **の** どうかと思う~☆\n>\n> \"I doubt that I will drop dead right away\"/ \" Die quickly? I'm not so sure\n> about that\" Do these translations make sense?\n\nFor a translation, that is O.K. because translation is an art, but if you\nreally want to understand B's line, it is said about the fact that A said what\nhe said **facilely**. The 「の」 in 「言うの」 is a nominalizer.\n\nThe 「どうかと思う」 is said about A's way of speaking, which uses a serious phrase\nlike 「死ね」 too easily. It is not said about whether B will actually die soon.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-21T23:24:23.030",
"id": "70251",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "`どう` can, colloquially, be used to express one's opinion of a thing being\n\"questionable\", or \"dubious\", without outwardly nor directly criticizing it\neither. It takes this meaning when used more \"affirmatively\" in the sentence,\na bit like interrogative words may take a critical meaning when put in\nrethorical questions in a language like English.\n\nIn other words, akin to how `What do you say ?` asks a genuine interrogation\nwhile `What do you think you're saying ?` indirectly states a reproach,\n`どういうことですか？` (\"What's this\") most likely asks what something is while\n`どういうことなんだよ！` can express critical bewilderment (\"What the **** is this !?\").\n\nSimilarly, people will often utter `どうかな` to (inwardly) express doubt\n(疑問【ぎもん】) about the validity / reasonability / etc of something. `どうかと思う`\nexpresses the same doubt on the validity / ethics / etc of the subject. \nThe expression \"not sure what to think about ----\" (with, usually, a rather\ndoubtful and/or critical tone) I think conveys the idea pretty well.\n\nSo in your example, **`すぐ死ねって言うこと` is what's being questioned by the\nspeaker**. You could replace the sentence for example by `すぐ死ねって言うのどうなんだよ` and\nit'd become a harsh (yet indirect) reproach of \"instantly saying 'die'\". \n`すぐ死ねって言うのどうかと思う` or even more explicitly `すぐ死ねって言うのどうかと個人的に思う` /\n`すぐ死ねって言うのどうかと個人的に思うけど` / etc instead conveys the speaker's mixed feelings\nabout \"instantly saying 'die'\" in a much more indirect thus soft and gentle\nway. \n\"Let me let you know I have rather mixed feeling about\", basically.\n\nEventually the use `~☆` hints that he|she is making his|her criticism as\nlightweight and indecisive as possible. I'd wager he|she doesn't mind it much\neventually, is just lightheartedly bantering, or is quite afraid of and\ncautious not to ire the person who said \"死ね。\" for example.\n\n> I'm not sure what to think about instantly saying 'die' ;)\n>\n> What's up with that immediately saying 'die' :/\n\nfor example would sound like legitimate translations to me, especially tone-\nwise.\n\n* * *\n\nYou can find [in the\n大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/155146/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B/)\n\"having doubts, not being sure\" and \"finding it odd, distancing oneself with\"\nas 2 separate definitions for `どうか`. Interestingly, you find a mix of these\ntwo (the amount of which is left to context interpretation) in typical uses of\n`どうがと思う`. I personally think the _root_ feeling is basically the same though,\nand as such didn't distinguish them in my above explanation.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-08-22T01:35:02.833",
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70250
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70391",
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"body": "> [大]{だい}それた\n\nOn’yomi before hiragana in a word looks special. \nAre there any other examples? \nIf any, how can I know whether it is kun’yomi or on’yomi? \nLike:\n\n> [赤]{あか}らめた",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T01:19:34.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70253",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T11:39:33.507",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-22T04:02:06.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "赤らめる 大それた rule for reading",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "On’yomi before hiragana are exceptional cases in Japanese. Most of those words\noccur when a conjugation of the verb する is followed after On’yomi, such as:\n\n> [信]{しん}じる, [愛]{あい}する, [論]{ろん}じる, [発]{はっ}する, [感]{かん}じる, [辞]{じ}する, [私]{し}する\n\nHowever, [大]{だい}それた is not included even in this type. I know several other\nexamples:\n\n> [大]{たい}した, [単]{たん}なる, [当]{とう}の, [聖]{せい}なる\n\nBut probably they are quite special. I don't know this is related, but at\nleast examples above, these are categorized into a special word class called\npre-noun adjectival ([連体詞]{れんたいし}). It is said that there are few words\nbelonging to this word class.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-08-28T10:13:19.270",
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70391
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{
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"body": "<https://www.lyrical-nonsense.com/lyrics/haku/shoudou/>\n\nFrom this song:\n\n> 焦らすぐらいがあなたは好きでしょ？\n\nWhy is が added after ぐらい? Is it because of omitting the subject （私）? \n焦らすぐらい（私）があなたは好きでしょ？\n\nAnd, is my translation correct:\n\n> You like me so much that you want to tease me ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T01:44:41.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70255",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-22T03:32:28.007",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"song-lyrics",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "ぐらい + が meaning",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「焦{じ}らすぐらい **が** あなた **は** 好{す}きでしょ？ 」\n\nI am still wondering how I should start my explanation here because your\ntranslation attempt:\n\n> \"You like me so much that you want to tease me ?\"\n\nis way off, I am afraid.\n\nFirst of all, you need to understand that 「焦らすぐらい」 is functioning as a\n**noun** , which is why it can directly precede the 「が」. Make a (mental)\nmistake here and it will cost you the rest of the sentence.\n\n> 「Word / Phrase + くらい + **が** + 好き / いい, etc.」\n\nis the sentence pattern we are looking at and it is a commonly used one as\nwell.\n\n「Word / Phrase + くらい」 in that pattern means:\n\n> \"(something) coming nearer in quality to (word or phrase)\"\n\nIn other words, it means:\n\n> \"(something) bordering on (word or phrase)\"\n\nThus, this structure is generally used to describe an amount of deviation from\nthe normal and how it is preferred over the normal.\n\nIn the sentence in question, that \"something\" is unmentioned, but it should\nrefer to \"the way I treat you\", \"the way I love you\", etc. The word/phrase is\n「焦らす」 (\"to tease\").\n\nThus, my own TL would be:\n\n> \"You like it when (the way I treat you) borders on teasing, dontcha?\"\n\nOther examples:\n\n * 「コーヒーは少{すこ}し苦{にが}いくらい **が** ボク **は** 好きです。」\n\n\"I like my coffee to taste a bit bitter (than average/normal).\"\n\n * 「女性{じょせい}アイドルは多少{たしょう}ぽっちゃりしてるくらい **が** 丁度{ちょうど}いい。」\n\n\"As for female idols, I (tend to) prefer the ones that are just a little bit\noverweight.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T15:31:25.087",
"id": "70268",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T12:56:34.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T12:56:34.217",
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}
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70255
| null |
70268
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70265",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between these two sentences?\n\n寿司をもう食べた\n\n寿司を食べたことがある\n\nBoth sentences mean \"I've already eaten sushi\", right? But what situation\nwould I use もう食べた in? And when would I use 食べたことがある?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T10:48:03.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70262",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T01:24:14.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "もう + た-form AND た-form + こと が ある",
"view_count": 86
}
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[
{
"body": "> 1) 「寿司{すし}を食{た}べたことがある。」\n>\n> 2) 「寿司をもう食べた。」\n\nThe first sentence can only mean one thing and **the second can mean two very\ndifferent things**.\n\n1) can only mean \" **I have eaten sushi before**.\" This person has already\nexperienced eating sushi. The speaker, therefore, would almost always be a\nnon-Japanese person.\n\n2) can mean the exact same as 1) and an additional thing, which is:\n\n\"I have already eaten **_the_** sushi.\"\n\n**The meal happened to be sushi that time**. Thus, for this meaning, the\nspeaker can well be a Japanese person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T11:17:41.553",
"id": "70265",
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"score": 3
}
] |
70262
|
70265
|
70265
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Good morning, good afternoon and good evening are seldom written with kanji is\nthere a reason for this? Are the kanji readings considered outdated?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T10:53:23.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70263",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-22T11:11:25.940",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-22T11:11:25.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Why are greetings commonly written in hiragana when kanji is available?",
"view_count": 67
}
|
[] |
70263
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70279",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Maybe this is a stupid question, but in _Minna no Nihongo_ it says to omit だ\nwhen giving a **positive answer** to a question.\n\n> Question: こんばんひま？ \n> Answer: **うん** 、ひま。\n\nBut it is not explained if one can omit だ when answering this way:\n\n**Example 1**\n\n> Question: あなたはにほんじん？ \n> Answer: ううん、ちゅうごくじん (だ?)。\n\n**Example 2**\n\n> Question: あなたのしゅみはなに？ \n> Answer: にほんご (だ?)。\n\nDo I have to put だ at the end of these two answers or should I omit it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T15:53:59.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70269",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T05:33:04.987",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T00:37:47.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula"
],
"title": "When to omit だ when answering questions?",
"view_count": 298
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most of the time \"だ\" can be either included or omitted when you are talking\nabout yourself.\n\n * うん、ひまだ / うん、ひま\n * ちゅうごくじんだ / ちゅうごくじん\n * にほんごだ / にほんご\n\nare all fine.\n\nWhen you say にほんご **だ** , it emphasises the fact that you speak Japanese.\nThough it sounds a little bit childish and it is not appropriate to older\npeople. Putting \"です\" is always a good idea since it sounds polite.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T21:38:52.543",
"id": "70275",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T21:53:21.590",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T21:53:21.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "35131",
"owner_user_id": "35131",
"parent_id": "70269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Grammatically in your cases using or omitting だ does not make any difference.\n\nBut Japanese speakers use specific forms in specific situations, and it\nchanges when the relationship between speakers changes.\n\nIn both example, the question sentence and ううん is quite casual, and sounds\nlike the speakers are female. Using a single だ for the end of a sentence is\nstrong and mostly used by male speakers, so I will omit it here. If you want\nto use だ, adding another sentence ending particle after it will be more\nnatural. Ex. にほんごだよ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T00:26:08.473",
"id": "70279",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T05:33:04.987",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T05:33:04.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "35134",
"owner_user_id": "35134",
"parent_id": "70269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70269
|
70279
|
70279
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70272",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence while I was practicing in Wanikani platform.\n\n「ドタマかち割って脳みそストローでチューチュー吸うたろか！」とお化けは怒って言った。\n\nTranslation according to Wanikani: \"Do you want me to crack your skull open\nand suck out your brains with a straw?\" the ghost said angrily.\n\nThere is a たろ in there and I have not yet been able to decipher its meaning.\nWould you be so kind as to give me a clue? I'd really appreciate it if you did\nso.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T16:27:00.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70271",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T00:45:21.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the function of たろ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "The whole quoted line is in Kansai colloquial speech (and the translation\nprovided is good).\n\n「吸{す}うたろか」 is 「吸ってやろうか」 in Standard \"dictionary\" Japanese, meaning \" **\n_should I suck ~~?_** \". It is the volitional form of 「吸ってやる」 with a question\nmarker 「か」.\n\n「ドタマ」 is the tough guy's slang for 「頭{あたま}」.\n\n「かち割{わ}る」 is an emphatic version of 「割る」 or 「ふたつに割る」.\n\n「チューチュー」 is the onomatopoeia for the sucking sound. It is a regular\nonomatopoeia that is used everywhere.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T16:43:50.660",
"id": "70272",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T00:45:21.450",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T00:45:21.450",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70271
|
70272
|
70272
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is my sentence.\n\n> おしろ あんたが頼みすぎなんだよ。\n\nFirst, I'm not sure what おしろ means, perhaps somewhat could inform me since\nJisho and google translate are both giving results that I don't think are\ncorrect. I'm thinking it's some sort of slang.\n\nNow for the main question. I believe the なんだ to be the explanatory の and this\nsentence means, \"(The thing is) You ask for too much.\" What's the reasoning\nfor taking the る off here? すぎ would be the stem of すぎる. Every example I've\never come across of explanatory の with a verb has not used the stem. What's\nthe difference here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T17:17:42.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70273",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T00:51:03.687",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T00:51:03.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is the る left off すぎる in this sentence?",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "Masu-stem of a verb often [works as a\nnoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010). Here 頼みすぎ is a _noun_\nmeaning something like \"over-asking\".\n\nAlso note that 頼みすぎ is followed by な, which comes only after a noun or a na-\nadjective. 頼みすぎるなんだ is plain ungrammatical. Please check [this\nlist](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/5399/5010) for the usage patterns\nof explanatory-な.\n\nCompare:\n\n> * 彼は食べ過ぎだ。 He is eating too much. (Literally \"As for him, it's over-\n> eating\")\n> * 彼は食べ過ぎる。 He (always) eats too much.\n> * 彼は食べ過ぎるんだ。 It is that he (always) eats too much.\n> * 彼は食べ過ぎている。 He is eating too much.\n>\n\nAs for おしろ, I also guess you've misread\n[むしろ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%80%E3%81%97%E3%82%8D). Or it may be\nsomeone's name.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T00:50:58.963",
"id": "70280",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T00:50:58.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70273",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
70273
|
70280
|
70280
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70278",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<https://www.spookizthemovie.jp/>\n\nI'm curious about the renyoukei at the end of the last sentence of the\ndescription:\n\n> ある日、偶然拾ったスマホがきっかけで、キュラが、好奇心旺盛な人間の少女・ハナに出会ってしまい・・・。\n\nWhat does it do at the end of a sentence? Google Translate makes\n好奇心旺盛な人間の少女・ハナに出会ってしまい a consequence of 偶然拾ったスマホがきっかけで and I would think\n出会ってしまい has a conjoining function, but I can't anything confirming that.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T18:17:58.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70274",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T03:47:07.807",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T17:37:51.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Renyoukei at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 229
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not sure about what you are asking, but 出会ってしまい… means the story goes on,\nbut the sentence omits the rest part after the two characters meet. In this\ncase the conjunction form is used since the following part is just omitted.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T00:08:07.250",
"id": "70278",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T03:47:07.807",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T03:47:07.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "35134",
"parent_id": "70274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70274
|
70278
|
70278
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70277",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got this sentence from [Boku no Hero S01E13\n(06m25s)](https://animelon.com/video/5ac58616f1fe4e742d177a21)\n\n> それにどうやら子供らは棒立ちの様子です. \n> Besides, the children appear to be frozen in fear. (translation from the\n> site)\n\nI understand everything except the expresion in the title.\n\nAccording to Rikaikun, those words mean: 棒立ち= standing upright; standing bolt\nupright; rearing 様子 = state; state of affairs; situation; circumstances;\n\nSo how can 棒立ちの様子 mean \"frozen in fear\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T22:02:19.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70276",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-22T23:43:56.403",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-22T23:13:03.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "35132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 棒立ちの様子",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "棒立ち literally means \"standing (like a) stick\", and its implication is\n\"uselessly standing still without doing anything else\". \"In fear\" is a\ntranslator's addition, but I think it's not spot-on because the children don't\nseem to be afraid in particular.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-22T23:43:56.403",
"id": "70277",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-22T23:43:56.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70276",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70276
|
70277
|
70277
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70283",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am struggling in understanding how to use ふと\n\nふと: suddenly, unexpectedly, unintentionally\n\nBased on the brief explanation on this\n[post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/54909/nuances-\nof-%E3%81%B5%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%B5%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%B2%E3%82%87%E3%81%A3%E3%81%93%E3%82%8A-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%95%E3%81%A3%E3%81%95-%E4%B8%8D%E6%84%8F%E3%81%AB-%E5%94%90%E7%AA%81-%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6-%E6%80%A5%E3%81%AB-\nand-%E3%81%84%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A),\n\nふと is used to express something unimportant that you don't think about,\nhappens while you are unaware of it and thus it becomes unexpected.\n\nThis is an example with verbs that are \"volitional\"\n\n> その考えが **ふと** 思い浮かんだ That idea has crossed my mind unintentionally (it came\n> to my mind without thinking about it)\n>\n> **ふと** 足を止めた。Suddenly, my feet stopped. (my feet stopped without thinking)\n\nThese are examples with verbs that are \"non-volitonal\"\n\n> **ふと** 灯りが消える The lights suddenly turned off. (the lights turned off, I was\n> unaware that it turned off)\n\nKeeping this in mind, I tried making my own sentences but I don't understand\nwhy these are unnatural when I asked a native speaker.\n\n> **ふと** くしゃみをした I suddenly sneezed.\n>\n> 突然ゴキブリが現れて **ふと** 叫んだ。A cockroach suddenly appeared and I screamed\n> unintentionally.\n\nWhy are these sentences unnatural, and is there an explanation of the logic\nbehind what verbs can be used with ふと?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T01:10:14.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70281",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T04:15:42.843",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to use ふと correctly?",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "Monolingual dictionaries define ふと along the lines of \"with no clear reason,\nindication or consciousness\". The nuance of ふと is often closer to \"somehow\"\nrather than \"suddenly\". Your ゴキブリ example is unnatural because the cause for\nthe scream is clearly the cockroach. You can say 思わず叫んだ instead.\n\nMost usages of ふと are related to \"subconscious\" functions of the mind of a\nsubject (typically first-person), for example ふと思い出した, ふと気になった, ふと興味がわいた,\nふと我に返った, ふと目が覚めた. And ふと立ち止まった, ふと立ち上がった, ふと振り返った and so on are also fine\n(usually with a third-person subject) and it indicates someone vaguely noticed\nsomething is happening. However, くしゃみ is a physical reaction rather than an\naction of the mind, so it doesn't go well with ふと.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T03:21:53.630",
"id": "70283",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T04:15:42.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T04:15:42.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70281",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70281
|
70283
|
70283
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70290",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In one of the animes I've watched recently (can't recall the title), I heard\nwords like \"チーズ\" (not sure if this is how it's spelt in katakana since I only\nheard the word, but as for how it's pronounced in English, it would most\nprobably sound like cheeeeesee) and \"をっと\" (English pronunciation : wotto).\n\nJudging from context, the former means \"hello\" and the latter, \"whoops\". And\nthere is also \"うわあ\" (uwaa) which probably means \"yikes\" (I'm guessing, in a\nbad way, something like \"やばっ\") in English.\n\nSo the questions that arises are, since I am only translating based on\ncontext, I am not sure if they mean what I think they meant. Can anyone\ncorrect/ advice on this?\n\nSecondly, are these words even used in real life (I have only heard them on\nanime) ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T05:26:06.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70284",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-17T19:23:49.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-17T19:23:49.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"slang",
"casual"
],
"title": "Couple of slangs I've heard when watching anime",
"view_count": 1432
}
|
[
{
"body": "As far as チーズ goes, its just means \"cheese\". It is most often used in real\nlife when talking about cheese, or before someone takes a picture. I'm also\nnot sure what you mean when you say how it is \"pronounced in English\". Perhaps\nyou are confusing pronouncing words with spelling them.\n\nおっと does mean \"whoops\" for the most part, though I think like many phrases\nused in anime (うわぁ included), it is used to show focus on a characters\nreaction or feeling, something I don't think real people do. I can only think\nof one time I've ever heard it used in real life, and even then they were just\nbeing quirky. I hear しまった much more often when people are expressing a\n\"whoops\" feeling.\n\nうわぁ is used to express a feeling of being stunned or in awe of something, I'm\nsure you saw a female character use it when seeing some beautiful scenery or\nfood. I've never heard it used in real life. I would also venture to say it\nhas a more positive connotation, not like やばい.\n\nThe only advice I can give you is that if you ask for help on a public forum\nabout translating from context, it would be helpful to those answering if you\nprovided that context (what was happening in the show when you heard the\nword/phraseとか). Also if you are using streaming services to watch anime, it\nhelps to use Japanese subtitles. It is much easier to look up words when you\ncan see them written out.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T09:19:26.157",
"id": "70288",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T12:00:59.373",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T12:00:59.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "35138",
"owner_user_id": "35137",
"parent_id": "70284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「チーズ」\n\nIf it sounded like 「チーズ」 and it was said in a scene where one would say\n\"Hello!\", it would almost have to be:\n\n「 **ちっす** 」、「 **ちーっす** 」, etc.\n\nIt is an informal and slangy \"Hi!\" that comes from 「こんに **ち** はっ **す** 」、「こん\n**ち** ゃっ **す** 」, etc.\n\nNaturally, this has nothing to do with cheese.\n\n> 「をっと」\n\nIf this was uttered where you would expect to hear \"Whoops!\", then it would\nbe:\n\n・「おっと」\n\n・「うおっと」 (emphatic version of above)\n\nIt is an interjection uttered when you are surprised by something happening\nall of a sudden or when something catches your attention.\n\nFinally,\n\n> 「うわあ」\n\nYou heard this one right. It is an exclamation used in all kinds of\nsituations.\n\nYou mentioned \"Yikes!\" and that would be one meaning of it. We use it upon\nseeing/hearing something we like as well. It is an all-purpose exclamation.\n\n> are these words even used in real life?\n\nYes, of course. All three are actively used among us native speakers in real\nlife. You would, however, need to understand that 「ちっす」 is only used by\ncertain (young) speakers in casual situations.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T12:21:13.327",
"id": "70290",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T12:21:13.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
70284
|
70290
|
70290
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70286",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the title says, I would like to know differences between 貯金{ちょきん} and\n節約{せつやく}. Both mean \"saving money\" and have the irregular する verb ending:\n\n> 貯金する{ちょきんする} : To save money\n>\n> 節約する{せつやくする} : To save money\n\nFrom what I understand by reading example sentences, 節約{せつやく} has a more\ngeneral meaning and can be used with anything to save like water, food,\nmoney...\n\nIs 貯金 only usable with a _money_ context? Are there any differences between\nthe two of them when they are used in a _money_ context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T07:47:37.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70285",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T08:31:24.160",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "About the differences between 貯金 and 節約",
"view_count": 305
}
|
[
{
"body": "貯金 = to put money in the bank or a piggy bank or envelope.\n\n節約 = to avoid spending money (i.e., to make food rather than eat out)\n\nBoth of these are [漢語]{かんご} (Chinese words in Japanese).\n\n貯金 follows a verb-object pattern. Thus,\n\n```\n\n 貯(v) store 金(object) - money\n \n```\n\n節約 follows a duplication pattern:\n\n```\n\n 節(v) -save 約 - save\n \n```\n\nSo you can do lots of things to 節約, but if you are talking about water, people\nsay [節水]{せっすい} or about electricity [節電]{せつでん}. In those cases, it means\n\"reduce use of X\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T07:59:49.627",
"id": "70286",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-23T08:31:24.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T08:31:24.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
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"score": 6
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70285
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70286
|
70286
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I need some help with the grammar in this sentence:\n\n> ボストンに居たらなら、何で会いに来なかったんだい。\n\nI understand the conditional -たら form and the なら conditional alone. But I have\nnot seen the two together.\n\nDoes the sentence simply mean If you were in Boston why didn't you come to see\nme? If so, why are both conditionals used? Is this for emphasis?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T09:13:19.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70287",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-10-23T03:42:08.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Use of ら conditional form plus なら",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ボストンに **居{い}たらなら** 、何で会いに来なかったんだい。」\n\n「居た **ら** なら」 is incorrect. At least, it is highly substandard because there\nis no point in using both 「たら」 and 「なら」.\n\nThe correct and standard forms would be:\n\n * 「居た **の** なら」\n\n * 「居た **ん** なら」 (informal form of above)\n\n * 「居たなら」\n\nWhile it is true that a very small group of native speakers use 「たらなら」\noccasionally, I would personally never recommend that Japanese-learners use\nit. If one did, people would notice it.\n\nThe sentence means exactly what you stated.\n\n> If so, why are both conditionals used? Is this for emphasis?\n\nIt is only a misuse; It is not for emphasis. Then again, people who use that\n\"double-if\" may actually be aiming for emphasis. It beats me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T11:28:47.857",
"id": "70289",
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{
"body": "The たらなら construction seems to be something that is in use. Examples like\n居たらなら, 食べたらなら and others are easily found on the web, in fairly copious\nnumbers, as well as だったらなら, and even だったらならば.\n\nだったらなら is mentioned in this [this thesis\npaper](http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/repository/thesis2/d1/D1006989.pdf) about\nguiding Chinese students of Japanese in the use of conditionals. In a section\nthat presents the finding that 26.79% native speaker subjects in its study\nfound だったら a bit unnatural compared to だったのなら, this sentence appears:\n\n> 理由は「だったら」が「だったのなら」、「だったらなら」より少し不自然で、完全に使えないとまでは 言えないということであった。\n\nThe author seems to take だったらなら not only for granted, but as something a bit\nmore natural than だったら alone.\n\nConjecture: in rapid speech (早口), たらなら and たのなら can sound almost the same: the\nの or ら just get a quick tongue flap. Also, the \"o\" sound in の is surrounded by\ntwo \"a\" morae, so it pulls higher toward \"a\". It seems that the difference\nbetween the two readily succumbs as a casualty when people are engaging in 早口.\n\nTongue twister time: さようなら、「たのなら」、これから「たらなら」。（＾＾）",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T18:48:19.003",
"id": "70293",
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"score": 1
}
] |
70287
| null |
70289
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70338",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does はなはなはな mean? People were clapping and the expression was used after\nthe karaoke song was completed. This term was used as more of a chant after\nthe person finished singing. This expression was heard while chatting with\npeople from Okinawa.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T13:27:42.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70291",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T15:16:05.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"dialects"
],
"title": "What does はなはなはな mean in the Okinawan dialect?",
"view_count": 308
}
|
[
{
"body": "はなはなはな or はなはな are like “cheers!” They’re used before starting to drink.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T15:20:05.813",
"id": "70338",
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"score": 2
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70291
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70338
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70338
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Hy, I am currently working on with 新完成マスター N3 for my grammar part and I get\nstuck on a small section of the lesson related to ところ(~p.17)。\n\nSo far, I understand that, according to this lesson, ところ can be used to\nexpress something that just, will or be happening soon.\n\nHowever, I do not get the point of the particles added after. I can understand\nwhy we would use _ところで/ ところだ_ 、but not why we would use _ところを/ ところへ_ 。\n\nHere are the 2 sentences use as an example that I don't quite get the use f\nthe particle:\n\n 1. ケーキができ上かった **ところへ** 子供たちが帰ってきた。\n 2. 試験中、隣の人の答えをみている **ところを** 先生に注意された。 \n\nAgain, what role do those particles play exactly and how do they influence the\nsentence.\n\nThank you for your time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T19:58:27.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70294",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "34504",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "ところ＋particle(助詞) precision",
"view_count": 285
}
|
[] |
70294
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am writing a letter to a Japanese girl that I like and I want to finish by\nsimply saying \"I miss you\". I don't trust Google Translate and there seem to\nbe a few ways to say it online. What is the most appropriate expression for\nthis context?\n\nCan I just say: 会いたい ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T20:07:57.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "How to say ''I miss you'' at the end of a letter?",
"view_count": 471
}
|
[
{
"body": "恋しい is what you want. Can be used for other things you miss too, like mom's\nhome cooking. :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T19:03:40.143",
"id": "70316",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T19:03:40.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "There are a few different ways to express missing somebody.\n\n**[会]{あ}いたい**\n\nGenerally saying that you miss someone (hence, you want to see them). This is\nthe most casual option available to you.\n\n> 会いたいな \n> I miss you. \n> **I think this is your safest bet.\n>\n> しばらく会っていないから、会いたいな〜 \n> It's been awhile, I miss you!\n\n**[恋]{こい}しい**\n\nThis is a really strong missing; a yearning for something that you can almost\nfeel. Maybe it's painful, maybe it's nostalgic.\n\n> おじいちゃんが死んでからもう一年が経っているなんて信じられなくて、とても恋しいです。 \n> I can't believe it's been a year since my grandpa died; I miss him so much.\n>\n> 四年間外国に住んでいて、お母さんの料理が恋しくなってきました。 \n> After living abroad for four years, I've really begun to miss my mom's\n> cooking.\n\n**[寂]{さび}しい**\n\nThis emphasizes the result of your missing them (you feel lonely). Not a\nnative, but it feels relatively strong to me.\n\n> お願いだから、行かないで。君がいなくなったら寂しくなる。 \n> Please don't go - I'll miss you.\n>\n> 明日帰国すんのか？寂しくなるよ。 \n> You're going home (back to your country) tomorrow? Man, I'll miss you!\n\n**After you (plan to) meet?**\n\nAnd then, once you arrange a time to meet or meet up again, you probably want\nto express that too, right?\n\n> (君に)会うのが待ちきれない！ \n> I can't wait to see you!\n>\n> 会えて嬉しい！ \n> I'm so glad to see you!\n>\n> 来週の木曜日？待ちきれないよ！ \n> Next Thursday? Can't wait!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T12:49:33.173",
"id": "72057",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35327",
"parent_id": "70295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70295
| null |
72057
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70297",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I'm reading a manga and this girl is giving a guy two pieces of paper. She\nsays \"正直者ですね。両方セットで差し上げます。” I would think that a を particle would be used here\nsince the set of papers is an object. \"I give the set of papers (to you).\"\nWhat do I give? The set of papers. I'm looking here,\n<https://core6000.neocities.org/dojg/> , at the 4 main uses of で and none of\nthem seem to explain the particle's usage here. Can anyone explain what で is\ndoing here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T20:48:10.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is で used in this sentence 両方セットで差し上げます?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because she omitted the part of the sentence. For example if she was giving\napple(りんご)...\n\n * りんご **を** セット **で** 差し上げます\n\n... is the correct way. \"りんご **を** セット **を** \" sounds weird. The example you\nhave shown omitted the part \"りんごを\". That's the reason she says \"セットで\". In the\nweb site you have shown, I believe で(2) is the closest usage.\n\nBy the way, you can also say ...\n\n * りんご **の** セット **を** 差し上げます\n\nSo just saying \"セットを差し上げます\" is correct too.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-23T22:23:20.683",
"id": "70297",
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"score": 2
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] |
70296
|
70297
|
70297
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70301",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following lines of dialogue is spoken by a girl to the narrative character\nin a book I'm translating.\n\n> 「普通の人なら、あの状況{じょうきょう}では **まず** 間違いなくパニックになるわ。\n>\n> 自分の置かれた状況を把握{はあく}しようとして、混乱しているうちに殺されていたはずよ。 でもあなたは違った。状況を把握するより先に状況に対処した。\n> それがあなたの才能なの」\n\nI know まず generally means 'first', but I am unable to parse out what 'first'\nis denoting in the above line.\n\nDoes まず denote a aspect of time, as in 'first (time) in that situation...'.\nDoes it denote a action done by 普通の人 such as 'first they would have\npanicked...'/'they certainly first would have panicked', etc? Does it denote\nsomething else? Or does まず not mean 'first' in the above sentence, and instead\nmean something along the lines of 'about', 'almost' or 'anyway', as defined on\n[Jisho?](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9A)\n\n[Roughly Translated\nContext](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rv11_3d2_bQSZs5vn9XfB98_pk7TGdShLgQlKdBTaSg/edit)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T02:22:06.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T18:39:32.327",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-24T18:39:32.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What are the nuanced usages of まず?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「普通{ふつう}の人なら、あの状況 {じょうきょう} では **まず** 間違{まちが}いなくパニックになるわ。」\n\n「まず」, in this context, does not mean \"first\" as you stated.\n\nIn Japanese, it is synonymous to 「おそらく」、「ほぼ」、「多分{たぶん}」. In English, it would\nbe \" ** _for the most part_** \", \" ** _likely_** \", etc.\n\n> Does まず denote a aspect of time, as in 'first (time)' in that situation?\n\nNo, not in that context, as I briefly explained above.\n\n> Does it denote a action done by 普通の人 such as 'first they would have\n> panicked...'/'they certainly first would have panicked', etc?\n\nSorry but no. It denotes a (rather high) probability or likelihood in the\nsentence in question. It does **not** denote an order of actions taking place.\n\"First\" is only one of the meanings of 「まず」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T03:05:20.657",
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}
] |
70300
|
70301
|
70301
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70309",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Which is more natural to say in Japanese? Do they have slightly different\nconnotations?\n\n * 食べないつもりです。 (I intend not to eat.)\n * 食べるつもりはないです。 (I do not intend to eat.)\n\nAlso, are those translations fairly accurate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T04:32:08.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70302",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T16:18:56.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-24T04:37:43.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "35058",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"negation"
],
"title": "Most natural way to use the negative with つもり",
"view_count": 582
}
|
[
{
"body": "食べるつもりはないです/つもりはありません is usually safer and more natural. 食べないつもりです is\ngrammatically perfectly correct, but it can sound direct and harsh. People\ntend to use the latter if they clearly want to express a concern or hatred\nabout the food.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T04:45:55.753",
"id": "70303",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T04:45:55.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70302",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "They have different structures as you've translated, and both forms are used\nas often as the other unlike English. If I reword them to be clearer:\n\n * 食べないつもりです = _I have an intention that: \"I'm not going to eat (it)\"_\n * 食べるつもりはないです = _I have no such intention that: \"I'm going to eat (it)\"_\n\n...and don't forget:\n\n * 食べるつもり（では／じゃ）ないです = _I don't have an intention that: \"I'm going to eat (it)\"_\n\nwhich is the negative of 食べるつもりです in the usual sense i.e. negation of the\nverb.\n\nAs you can see, 食べないつもり（だ） is used when you have a definite will not to do it.\nOn the other hand, the interpretation of 食べるつもりはない is open to what you want to\ncontrast/emphasize using は in each context:\n\n * > A: 冷蔵庫においしそうなケーキがありますよ。 \n> _Hey, there's a nice cake in the fridge._ \n> B: パーティー用なので食べないでくださいね。 \n> _It's for the party so don't eat it._ \n> A: あ、食べるつもりはないです。 \n> _Oh, I didn't mean it._ (= It's not that I intend to eat it.)\n\n * > A: フグ食べたくないですか？ \n> _Don't you want to eat[fugu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugu)?_ \n> B: 毒が怖いので食べるつもりはないです。 \n> _I'm never going to eat it because I don't want to be poisoned._\n\nFurther reading:\n\n * [日本語教育通信 文法を楽しく つもり（１）](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201212.html)\n * [日本語教育通信 文法を楽しく つもり（２）](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201303.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T13:17:16.280",
"id": "70309",
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"score": 6
}
] |
70302
|
70309
|
70309
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70326",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Aside from \"home\" or \"household\", I understand that 家庭 can mean \"family\" as\nwell. In such case, is there any difference in terms of usage or nuance\nbetween 家庭 and 家族? when is it more suitable to use 家庭 instead of 家族?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T11:09:36.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70305",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T07:58:34.823",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-31T07:58:34.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between「家族【かぞく】」and「家庭【かてい】」?",
"view_count": 2100
}
|
[
{
"body": "Regardless of how they may be rendered in the natural English, 家族 always\npoints to **people** , while 家庭 always **place**. In other words, 家族 is a\ngroup united by kinship or whatever that often lives together, or its member;\n家庭 is an environment that enables those people to gather and spend a private\nlife (as opposed to \"workplace\" etc.)\n\nMany words can be only used along with either of them, or change drastically\non which they are used with.\n\n> 家族訪問 _family visit_ (as visa applicants do) \n> 家庭訪問 _home visit_ (as doctors do)\n>\n> 家族向け (a category of cars, movies, video games, tour packages...) \n> 家庭向け (a category of prepared foods, video game consoles, vacuum\n> cleaners...)\n>\n> ○ 家族写真 _family portrait_ \n> × 家庭写真 (a photo records someone's lifestyle?)\n>\n> × 家族料理 (a family's symbolic meal?) \n> ○ 家庭料理 _homemade food_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T02:59:27.620",
"id": "70326",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T02:59:27.620",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "70305",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
70305
|
70326
|
70326
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70319",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to the dictionary, they both mean \"various\". What is the difference\nbetween both words?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T12:10:01.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70306",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-31T07:32:43.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"synonyms",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「いろいろ」and 「さまざま」?",
"view_count": 2460
}
|
[
{
"body": "いろいろ is used with different items of the same type (like different types of\ncoffee at coffee shop) while さまざま would be for different types of items (tea,\ncoffee, soda,...).\n\nいろいろ is also more casual and used in speech while さまざま is usual written.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T20:16:37.080",
"id": "70319",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T20:16:37.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26247",
"parent_id": "70306",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70306
|
70319
|
70319
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Context: two guys are talking about a fictional futuristic sport, which is\nbasically athelets racing each other in some huge mecha suits. One of the guys\nseems interested about becoming a racer in the future, which by the\ncharacter's description seems like it's hard work (you need to master lots of\ntechniques and be good at lots of sports). The other one suddenly says:\n\n> [おれは努力を問われる以前にやりたいことがないからな……自分でも不思議だ。 なんでこんなに老け込んでんだろ、おれ」\n\nI think 努力を問われる means activities that require or put to test your own strenght\nand effort, but im not sure. Going by context and a bit of guessing, i simply\ninterpreted it as way to say that this character doesn't like doing things\nthat require lots of effort (i know it isn't the exact meaning of やりたいことがない)\nand he just questions why he's \"aging\" (not in the literal sense of the word,\nbut rather \"becoming old\" like in his own spirit) i think.\n\nThe thing is, i can't seem to make sense of that 以前に: i usually read it as\n\"before\" or \"previously\". Those meanings here don't really seem to make sense;\neither because i've intepreted the phrase in the wrong way, or maybe there's\nanother way of using 以前に which i haven't seen yet.\n\nKeep in mind that this is a pretty hard novel to read (at least for non-\njapanese learners) and it uses old grammar points and generally words that\naren't used a lot in modern novels; i've been using it as a way of practising\nand for now despite my low skills i was able to follow most of the story. I\nwould appreciate some help on this specific part of the dialogue. Thank you\nvery much for reading this post!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T12:15:31.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70307",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T08:52:38.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27960",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"dialogue"
],
"title": "This use of 以前に",
"view_count": 593
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think there's another way of using 以前に which you haven't seen yet. \"A 以前に B\"\ncan be used when \"far from A, the current status is B\". For example:\n\n彼は料理をする以前に野菜も洗えない \nFar from (being able to) cook something, he can't even wash vegetables.\n\nI return the topic to the original sentence. To 努力を問われる, there are several\nstages to overcome for the guy: \n1. Be motivated for something \n2. Make an effort towards something \n3. Be tested by others for his efforts (努力を問われる) \nBut currently he is not motivated for anything (やりたいことがない). So it is far from\n努力を問われる.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T14:14:27.543",
"id": "70332",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T08:52:38.337",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T08:52:38.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "35154",
"parent_id": "70307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> おれは努力を問われる以前にやりたいことがないからな……自分でも不思議だ。 なんでこんなに老け込んでんだろ、おれ \n> I have nothing I want to do rather than I’m required trying hard. It’s\n> mysterious for me too. I wonder why I’m so old.\n\n問う is “ask” so that 努力を問われる means “be asked if there is an sufficient effort”.\nIn simpler way, “be required trying hard”.\n\n以前に means “before”, he says “Before the problem that I’m required trying hard,\nthere’s a problem that I have nothing I want to do.”\n\n> 私が結婚できないのは可愛くないからではなくて、それ以前の問題だ。\n\n老け込んでる means “be old”. Why he thinks he is old is because he has no passion\nfor something he wants to do.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T15:03:59.183",
"id": "70336",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T15:51:01.473",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T15:51:01.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "35021",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
70307
| null |
70332
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70313",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the first light novel of the Konsuba series there are two pages of\ncharacter profiles. In them Kazuma say to Darkness,\n\n> どこかの誰かに爆裂魔法を **かまされた** からな\n\nI am confused as to the meaning and identifying what verb that is. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T12:46:08.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70308",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T16:46:40.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What verb is かまされる?",
"view_count": 467
}
|
[
{
"body": "Probably it is the passive form of\n[噛{か}ます・嚙{か}ます](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%99%9B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%83%BB%E5%9A%99%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-233480)\nin コトバンク.\n\nIt explains\n\n> 「食{くら}わせる」に同じ。 「突っ張りを－・す」 「一発－・す」\n\n**Unleash a slap to the opponent.**\n\n**Give the opponents one shot.**\n\nAlso, the entry of\n[食{くら}わせる](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A3%9F%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B-487516#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\nin コトバンク.\n\n> 人に攻撃を与える。こうむらせる。 「びんたを－・せる」 「肘鉄砲を－・せる」\n\n**Jolt the opponents with one's elbow/slap.**\n\nI think 爆裂魔法を **かまされた** is something alike.\n\nSo, my image is someone suddenly **shot/splashed/thrust** tremendous magic to\nthe Darkness from somewhere.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T13:40:14.040",
"id": "70310",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T16:41:39.067",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-24T16:41:39.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70308",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "かます is a slang that can replace almost any transitive verb to make it sound\naggressive and/or vulgar, but with no clear meaning in itself. You can\ntranslate it using a sort of easy formula such as \"give (somebody) a hell of\n—\", but I think there will be indefinite ways of translation according to the\nactual situation.\n\n> はったりをかける _make a bluff_ → はったりをかます _make a big fat bluff_\n>\n> ボケを言う _tell a joke_ → ボケをかます _crack a joke_\n>\n> ラップを歌う _do a rap_ (lit. \"sing\") → ラップをかます _bust a rap_\n\nSince かます stands in place of the original verb, we can't know what word were\noriginally there without context. The most straightforward reading here is\nthat the magic hit Kazuma in a manner causing some injury, in this case:\n\n> Just because someone **set a fuckin'** explosion magic **on** me.\n\nHowever, there is also a possibility that Darkness otherwise made a blunder on\nmagic and Kazuma suffered from it (e.g. loss, blame, etc.) → [_indirect\npassive_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15933/7810)\n\nNote that どこかの誰か is a fixed phrase sarcastically refers to \"you\" or \"who we\nobviously know\", as much as one of usage of English _someone_.\n\n* * *\n\nThough this slang is technically a definition under\n[噛ます](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/44582/meaning/m0u/) \"force into; wedge\ninto\", its accent is usually realized かます{LHH} nowadays where the non-slang\naccent is かます{LHL}, which is the regular derivation from かむ{HL}\n([噛む](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/45040/meaning/m0u/%E5%99%9B%E3%82%80/)).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T16:05:24.387",
"id": "70313",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T16:46:40.170",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "70308",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
70308
|
70313
|
70313
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70325",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking into a novel and I found the word 賃銀. According to my\ndictionary, this word has the same meaning as 賃金, which is _wages_ , the money\na person receive for a work/task.\n\nThey have the same pronunciation and 賃銀 is another form of 賃金 (according to\n[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%B3%83%E9%87%91)). But what I still\ndon't know is in which case 賃銀 is used over 賃金.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T14:52:12.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70311",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T02:51:41.727",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-24T15:49:58.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Is there a difference in usage between 賃銀 and 賃金?",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to this site,\n[戦前は「俸給{ほうきゅう}」もしくは「賃銀{ちんぎん}」で、戦後は「賃金{ちんぎん}」に](http://tingin.jp/kaisetsu/04.html)\n\n「俸給{ほうきゅう}」\n\n> ホワイトカラーが受け取るものは「俸給{ほうきゅう}」と呼ばれていました。\n\nThe salary white collar worker received called 「俸給{ほうきゅう}」.\n\n「賃金{ちんぎん}」（「賃銀{ちんぎん}」とも書く）\n\n> ブルーカラーが受け取るものは「賃金{ちんぎん}」と呼ばれていました。\n\nThe salary blue collar worker received called 「賃金{ちんぎん}」.\n\nThe sample expression from old novel,\n\n> _「三度目に掛合つた老車夫が、やつとの事でお豊の望む **賃銀** [ちんぎん]で小梅行きを承知した」（『すみだ川{がわ}』永井荷風{ながいかふう}）_\n\n`Third Old-Rickshaw driver we had negotiated finally approved to go to Koume\nwith salary Otoyo afforded.`\n\n`Sumida-River, Sumidagawa by Kafū Nagai.`\n\nSo, the salary written as 賃銀{ちんぎん} was payed for physical work before.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T02:39:52.050",
"id": "70325",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T02:51:41.727",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T02:51:41.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70311",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70311
|
70325
|
70325
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70317",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would commemorative coins and notes collectively be known as メモリアル？to indicate\na type of memorial? The special money printed and coined in honor of special\noccasions such as the Olympics and other national events.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T18:07:56.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70314",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T15:28:53.620",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T15:28:53.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What term would be used for commemorative coins and notes collectively?",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[
{
"body": "[記念貨幣](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3)\nwould cover both coinage and paper money used for memorializing purposes. As\nshown on the linked Wikipedia page, 記念紙幣 can be used to specify paper\ncurrency.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T19:06:02.260",
"id": "70317",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T19:06:02.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "70314",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70314
|
70317
|
70317
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70318",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am curious about the etymological history of 万年筆{まんねんひつ}, whose actual\nmeaning is a fountain pen in Japanese.\n\nIf we separate the kanjis we have :\n\n> 万{マン}: ten thousand\n>\n> 年{ネン}: years\n>\n> 筆{ヒツ}: brush\n\nSo, literally it means _a ten thousand years brush_ , isn't it ?\n\nWhy is it called that way ? Is it because this item made its appearance at\nsome point in History ten thousand years after another event ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T18:26:12.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70315",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T19:28:39.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is a fountain pen called 万年筆?",
"view_count": 995
}
|
[
{
"body": "百, 千, and 万(萬) all have 'many' as part of their definitions. Going in order of\nlower number to higher number signifies a higher quantity. These numbers are\noften used figuratively, such as 万歳{ばんざい}（萬歳）signifying 'long life', while\nliterally meaning 10,000 years (of age). 万 is often used in the figurative\nsense to convey something similar to permanence or eternity, though not quite\nin the literal sense.\n\n[百](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE) very many; lots. Advanced age. \n[千](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83) many; numerous; very. \n[万](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87) myriad; many; all; a large\nnumber; everything\n\nIn the case of the naming of 万年筆, one would assume that it was mostly a\nmarketing device, giving the impression to the buyer that it would last\nindefinitely.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T19:28:39.197",
"id": "70318",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T19:28:39.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "70315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70315
|
70318
|
70318
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am a big fan of badminton, especially the Japanese players like Kento\nMomota-san, and in a few months they will come to my country, and I would like\nto get some of them to sign their autograph in my autograph book. I was\nthinking of saying: \"サインをください\" or \"サインをおねがいしますか？\", would that be wrong to ask\nlike that or is there a better polite way of asking?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T20:37:22.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70320",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T01:51:39.300",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T01:51:39.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35146",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Asking for autograph politely",
"view_count": 1112
}
|
[
{
"body": "Taking your suggestions in turn: 「サインをください。」 sounds a bit demanding; it would\nbe understood, but you can be more polite.\n\n「サインをお願いしますか。」 is not natural, as お願いします is referring to your own wish; the か\nat the end rather thus confuses the nature of your wish.\n\nI would probably go with: 「サインをいただけますか。」 -- literally meaning: \"Could I\nget/receive your autograph?\". This is polite, but probably not overly so for\nthe context you describe.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T23:40:51.323",
"id": "70323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T01:12:21.610",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T01:12:21.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "70320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "サインをください isn’t used so much. サインください is better. And both are used more often\nby a delivery person.\n\nI write here some examples you can use when you want his autograph.\n\nサイン(を)頂くことって可能ですか？ \nサイン(を/って)頂いてもよろしいですか？ \nサイン(を)して頂いてもいいですか？ \nサイン(を)頂けませんか？ \nサイン(って)頂けますか？ \nサイン(を/って)貰うことってできますか？ \nサイン(って)して貰っても大丈夫ですか？ \nサイン(って)して貰ってもいいですか？ \nサイン(って)貰えますか？ \nサイン(って)大丈夫ですか？ \nサインいいですか？ \nサインお願いします。 \nサインください。\n\nThe higher is the more polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T15:48:41.250",
"id": "70340",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T15:40:02.460",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T15:40:02.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "35021",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70320
| null |
70323
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70324",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is て sometimes dropped in Japanese Novella?\n\nI'm asking as I recall being told (in one of my previous question's comment\nsection) that て is sometimes dropped in Japanese novels. And yet, when I went\nto double check this information by searching the individual comment section\nof all my previously asked questions, I couldn't find the above claim.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-24T22:51:05.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70321",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-13T09:27:13.263",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-13T09:27:13.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Removal of て in Japanese novels",
"view_count": 1996
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Dropped\" is not such an accurate word here as the 「て」 is optional in the\nfirst place.\n\nThe te-form seems to enjoy a rockstar treatment in the world of Japanese-as-a-\nforeign-language. Learners love to talk about it, but what many rarely mention\n(or know about) is its informality. This is one of the things that took me by\nsurprise when I started mingling with Japanese-learners back in college.\n\nThe 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of a verb or adjective already contains\nwithin the meaning of the 「て」 without using the 「て」.\n\nThe point I am trying to make is that **the te-form is more informal than the\n連用形**. The te-form is heavily used in our informal, day-to-day conversations\nbecause it fits there. The general tendency, however, is that **the more\nformal the speech, the less often the te-form is used**. In novels, therefore,\nthe te-form is used far more often in the quotes than in the prose.\n\nA couple of examples:\n\n> 「あき子はカーテンを **開{あ}け** 、『夜の東京タワー、きれいね。』とつぶやいた。」 vs.\n>\n> 「あき子はカーテンを **開けて** 、『夜の東京タワー、きれいね。』とつぶやいた。」\n\n「つぶやく」 = \"to murmur\". The chances are that you will encounter the first\nsentence in a novel.\n\n> 「とも子の瞳{ひとみ}は **大きく、黒く** 、どこを見ているのか分{わ}からなかった。」 vs.\n>\n> 「とも子の瞳は **大きくて、黒くて** 、どこを見ているのか分からなかった。」\n\nThe second sentence sounds like what you would hear in a casual chat. You\nwould not find it in a novel, at least not in the prose part.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T01:40:31.470",
"id": "70324",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-20T11:49:17.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
}
] |
70321
|
70324
|
70324
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The term 〜さえ〜ば is often translated as \"if only ~ then\". I am not a native\nJapanese speaker, but several example sentences I see make me think it can be\ntranslated more like \"as long as ~ then\".\n\nBelow are three example sentences and I translate both as \"if only ~ then\" and\n\"as long as ~then\".\n\n**Which translation is accurate in these three sentences? (and, if neither is\ncorrect, how should they be translated into English?)**\n\n> 1a）道が込みさえしなければ、駅までタクシーで10分ぐらいだ。\n\n(\"As long as the road is not crowded, then you can reach the station by taxi\nin about 10 minutes\"), implying the road is usually not crowded.\n\nor\n\n(\"If only the road were not crowded, then we could reach the station by taxi\nin about 10 minutes.\"), implying the road is usually crowded.\n\n> 2a）交通が便利でさえあれば、この辺も住みやすいのだが。\n\n(\"As long as the transportation is convenient, then this area is easy to live\nin\"), implying the transportation is usually convenient.\n\nor\n\n(\"If only the transportation were convenient, then this area would be easy to\nlive in\"), implying the transportation is not really convenient.\n\n> 3a）住所さえわかれば、地図で探して行きます。\n\n(\"As long as the address is known, then we can look it up on a map and go\" ),\nimplying the address is probably known.\n\nor\n\n(\"If only we knew the address, then we could look it up on a map and go\"),\nimplying the address is not known.\n\nBelow are four more examples in which the \"as long as ~ then\" translation just\nseems more fitting than \"if only ~ then\".\n\n**Do you agree with these translations of mine?**\n\n> 1b）あなたのご都合さえ良ければ今度の日曜日のコンサートのチケットを買っておきます。\n\n(\"As long as it is convenient for you, then I will buy tickets for the Sunday\nconcert\").\n\n> 2b）体さえ丈夫なら、どんな苦労にも耐えられると思う。\n\n(\"As long as your body is healthy, then I think you can withstand any hard\nwork\").\n\n> 3b）言葉さえ共通なら、お互いにもっとコミュニケーションがよくできたでしょう。\n\n(\"As long as we have commonality in our words, then we should be able to\nimprove our communication.\")\n\n> 4b）建設的なご意見でさえあれば、どんな小さなものでも大歓迎です。\n\n(\"As long as your opinion is constructive, then any input no matter how small\nis welcomed\").",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T04:26:59.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70327",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T15:17:30.160",
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"owner_user_id": "35148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "Translation of 〜さえ〜ば (\"if only ~ then\" or \"as long as ~ then\")",
"view_count": 400
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think\n\n> 2a) 交通が便利でさえあれば、この辺{へん}も住{す}みやすいの **だが**\n\nis very likely to imply \" _If only we knew the address, then we could look it\nup on a map and go_ \". Since it is using the conjunction of opposition **だが**\n, it implies the transportation is not really convenient.\n\nIn other cases, it's hard to determine if only ~ then or as long as ~then\nunless the reader knows the context for the case a).\n\nHowever,I think the intonation can choose as long as ~ then or if only ~ then.\n\nSince\n[でしょう](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86-575862)\nis basically an assumption, it could mean either\n\n> 3b）言葉さえ共通なら、お互いにもっとコミュニケーションがよくできたでしょう。(in a fresh tone.)\n\n(\"As long as we had had commonality in our words, then we could have been able\nto improve our communication.\")\n\n> 3b）言葉さえ共通なら、お互いにもっとコミュニケーションがよくできたでしょう。(in a disappointing tone.)\n\n(\"If only we had had commonality in our words, then we should have been able\nto improve our communication.\")\n\nI think the other interpretation for case b) is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T13:43:15.903",
"id": "70355",
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{
"body": "It depends on whether the sentence is counterfactual or not. If the sentence\nis counterfactual, you should use \"If only\". If the sentence is not\ncounterfactual, you should use \"as long as\".\n\n2a and 3b are obviously counterfactual, so you should use \"If only\".\n\nI think your other examples are not counterfactual, so you should use \"as long\nas\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T21:09:51.037",
"id": "70361",
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"score": 0
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70327
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70355
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've just studied そう (as in: seems like; about to) in class and I wanted to\nknow why you can use some verbs and not others.\n\nFor instance, 雨が｛あめが｝降りそう｛ふりそう｝ works out semantically and grammatically, as\ndoes 落ちそう｛おちそう｝. But why doesn't a verb like 治る｛なおる｝ work (治りそう)? My teacher\nsaid that it's grammatical but it doesn't make sense.\n\nIs it something about lexical aspect? Or is it a specific class of verbs, like\n'break'/'hit' verbs, for example?\n\nI've done some digging but I'm not sure what to look up next. Any help would\nbe appreciated.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T06:38:46.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70329",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-25T16:51:44.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Which categories of verbs (transitive, atelic, etc) can you use with ～そう (seems to; appears)?",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "風邪が治りそう is grammatically valid, but it refers to a future expectation based on\nthe current appearance/situation of something. For example, you can use\n風邪が治りそう like this:\n\n * 来週には風邪は治りそうです。 \n(Judging from the current situation,) Looks like my cold is going to get cured\nby next week.\n\n * この料理を食べたら風邪が治りそうです。 \nThis dish appears almost like it can cure a cold if you eat it.\n\nIf you wanted to say \"I'm (gradually / in the process of) recovering from a\ncold\", you have to say 風邪は治りかけです or 風邪は治っているところです. If you wanted to say \"I\nhave almost recovered from a cold\", you have to say 風邪はほとんど治りました.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T11:14:32.823",
"id": "70368",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T11:14:32.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 2
}
] |
70329
| null |
70368
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70334",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I mentioned to a Japanese chat friend that I liked music after he asked me\nwhat I liked. He then typed ほおほお. Does it mean something similar to \"I see.\"?\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T13:50:34.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70331",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-16T15:56:56.697",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-16T15:54:22.897",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does the term ほおほお mean?",
"view_count": 272
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ほおほお」 is an interjection used when one is impressed or surprised. It roughly\nmeans \" _ **Oh, is that right?**_ \", \" _ **Oh, I see.**_ \", etc. depending on\nthe context it is used in.\n\nThe dictionary spelling is 「ほうほう」 or just 「ほう」.\n\n<https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T14:36:22.933",
"id": "70334",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-08-16T15:56:56.697",
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"parent_id": "70331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "「ほおほお」or「ほうほう」is used to represent the sound that Japanese people sometimes\nmake to express that they are listening to the other person or understanding\nwhat he/she said. It is something like \"uh-huh,\" but it is informal and isn't\nused when they are talking with a superior or older person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T14:44:14.490",
"id": "70335",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35153",
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"score": 0
}
] |
70331
|
70334
|
70334
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70337",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please explain which of the following (or any other) is more appropriate to\nsay \"enter postgraduate school/studies\":\n\n 1. 大学院に入ります\n 2. 大学院に入学します\n 3. 大学院に進学します",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T14:32:16.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70333",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T01:41:33.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "Which is more appropriate? 大学院に入る／入学する／進学する?",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "「入る」and「入学する」mean entering school. Therefore, you can use them regardless of\nwhat kind of school. In addition,「入る」is more informal than 「入学する」and you\nshould use the latter in writing.\n\nOn the other hand, if you use「進学する」, you will lay stress on entering \"more\nadvanced\" school. For example, if you go on to graduate school directly after\ngraduating college, No.3 is the most proper expression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T15:19:35.340",
"id": "70337",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T01:41:33.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "35153",
"owner_user_id": "35153",
"parent_id": "70333",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
70333
|
70337
|
70337
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "First name in English, then Japanese; followed by Last name in English, then\nJapanese:\n\n> Lucas 「ルーカス」Ramage「ラメージ」\n\nFirst and last name in English, followed by first and last name in Japanese:\n\n> Lucas Ramage 「ルーカスラメージ」\n\nFirst and last name in English; followed by last, then first name in Japanese:\n\n> Lucas Ramage 「ラメージルーカス」\n\n**Resources**\n\n * [How should I write my name with an American first name and Japanese last name?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61979/34281)\n\n * [Terms for Japanese/Western name order](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4778/34281)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T15:49:43.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70341",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-25T15:49:43.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34281",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Correct method for writing full name in English and Japanese?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[] |
70341
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70350",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can the kanji for writing 「書き」be used to express that one is drawing\nsomething, like a picture「絵」. As in 絵は書きます read as えはかきます.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T19:24:23.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70342",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T20:08:13.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T20:08:13.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "32971",
"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Expressing the act of drawing",
"view_count": 575
}
|
[
{
"body": "For drawing, we use 「描{か}く」 as in 「絵{え}を描く」.\n\n「書{か}く」 is reserved for writing letters and characters. So, we say 「字{じ}を書く」,\n「文章{ぶんしょう}を書く」, etc.\n\nNote that the two are originally the same verb. They are only written using\ndifferent kanji for disambiguation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T00:14:33.523",
"id": "70350",
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"score": 10
}
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70342
|
70350
|
70350
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Is this right:\n\n> たくさん[人参]{にんじん}を[食]{た}べると、きれい **に** なります。\n\nWas に used correctly?\n\n* * *\n\nThe example sentence I saw was:\n\n> たくさんピザを食べると、おおきくなりますが、いつもスポーツをすることが好きです。\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T19:31:51.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70344",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T23:20:50.440",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T23:20:50.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35158",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Usage of に in たくさん人参を食べると、きれいになります。",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe you are wondering if the use of に in the first sentence is correct\nbecause the second sentence is not using に in a sentence that seems similar to\nthe first one.\n\nFirst of all, these two sentences are both correct. Only the difference is\nthat the first one is written in hiragana only, and the second one is written\nwith some kanji.\n\n> たくさん[人参]{にんじん}を[食]{た}べると、きれいになります\n\nNow, let's look at the second sentence (Forget the last part of this sentence\nbecause it's not related in this case)\n\n> たくさんピザを食べると、おおきくなります (correct)\n\nThe reason why you don't say\n\n> おおきい に なります (wrong)\n\nin this case is because `おおきい` is an i-adjective.\n\nHere's the rules for `become`:\n\n> If it becomes i-adjective （おおきい、ちいさい、ながい、etc), replace the last `い` with `く`\n>\n> Examples:\n>\n> おおきく なります\n>\n> ちいさく なります\n>\n> If it becomes na-adjective （きれい、しずか、べんり、etc), just add `に` before `なります`\n>\n> Examples:\n>\n> きれいに なります\n>\n> しずかに なります\n\nSo, the following two sentences are both **grammatically** correct.\n\n> たくさん人参を食べると、きれいになります\n>\n> たくさんピザを食べると、おおきくなります",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T20:50:59.560",
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70344
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70434
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"body": "There are a few expressions in Japanese where particle で is used but I don't\nreally know which で that one is. それで (translated as _and then_ ; _after that_\n; _due to that_ ) is one of those cases. I basically understand there are two\nparticle で; one used to indicate means of doing something, the use of a tool,\nand the other で used to indicate a state, condition or form as in である.\nProbably, most other uses stem from these two categories, so which of these\ntwo で is the one used in それで?\n\n> 朝寝坊した、 **それで** 仕事に遅れたんだ。\n\nそれで would be like saying \" **being** that (the reason)\"....? If so, in my mind\nthis で is the one used in である.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T20:17:31.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70345",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T02:20:10.427",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T02:18:49.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35159",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What で is the で in the expression 「朝寝坊した、それで仕事に遅れたんだ」?",
"view_count": 136
}
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[
{
"body": "The で in それで is **a marker for reason or cause**.\n\nThere is another usage of 「で」in addition to the usages you stated in your\nquestion. This is 「で」as a marker for reason or cause.\n\n> A(noun) **で** 、B。\n>\n> **Due to** A, B.\n\nWhen [using で as a marker for reason or cause](https://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/japanese-particle-de-cause-reason.html), there is a constraint:\nthe result clause cannot be volitional, i.e. it has to be an action or event\nthe speaker does not have control over, or he/she is somehow required to do\nregardless of his/her will. For this reason, this pattern is common when\nexplaining the results of an accident, a natural disaster or an illness.\n\n> 事故 **で** 電車が止まりました。\n\nSo, the それ is a pronoun that refers to the cause or reason and the で indicates\nthat what comes after is the result of それ. You may think of it like this:\n\n> 朝寝坊 **で** 仕事に遅れたんだ。\n>\n> 「朝寝坊した」→ それ → それ **で** 仕事に遅れたんだ。\n\nIMHO, **the で in それで is neither of the usages you proposed in your question\nbut a third, different one**.\n\nI do not know about the way the different usages of で came about. I just would\nlearn them as different usages anyway. Can you elaborate more on this or\nprovide a source?\n\n> Probably, most other uses stem from these two categories\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T21:47:53.143",
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70345
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70347
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that a relative clause and main clause are formed when you have a\nconstruct of [sentence/verb] + noun in Japanese. While attempting to translate\nthe following sentence, I found three of the above construct as denoted by (1)\n(2) and (3), where the relative clause and main clause meet.\n\n> 自分の置かれた( **1** )状況を把握{はあく}しようとして、混乱している( **2** )うちに殺されていた( **3** )はずよ。\n\nNumber 3 seemed suspicious to me and not quite right to be a instance of the\nrelative-main clause construct, so I did some research. [This\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69446/%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-%E4%B8%8A%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%88)\nsays that はず (in most cases) is a 形式名詞 (\"formal noun\"), which made me wonder\nif it is possible to make relative-main clause constructs using formal nouns\nas opposed to normal nouns.\n\nAnd if the answer is 'yes', is the above instance of はず making a relative-main\nclause construct? If not, why (in the case it is a formal noun in the above\ninstance, but still fails to make a clause)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T20:34:00.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70346",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T01:25:40.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Is it possible to make a relative clause & main clause using a formal noun, such as はず?",
"view_count": 146
}
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[
{
"body": "The short answer is yes. You can even say 形式名詞 is always preceded by a\nmodifier, which is usually a relative clause (and sometimes an attributive\nlike それ, あの). Some 形式名詞 like とき work without a modifier, in which case they\nare not called 形式名詞.\n\n> * 彼が猫を見るとき when he watches a cat \n> (↑ This とき is a formal noun)\n> * ときは来た。 The time has come. \n> (↑ This とき is an ordinary noun)\n>\n\nIt is important to understand that 形式名詞 are very often **translated to English\nwithout using a noun**. Still, syntactically speaking, they are Japanese\nnouns, and thus accept relative clauses. Your sentence indeed has three\nrelative clauses marked by (1), (2), and (3).\n\nOther examples of `relative-clause + 形式名詞`:\n\n> * 試験に合格する **ため** に勉強します。 \n> I will study to pass the exam.\n> * 地球が丸い **こと** を彼は知らなかった。 \n> He did not know the fact that the earth is round\n> * 言われる **まま** 払った。 \n> I paid as I was told to.\n> * テレビを見る **の** が好きです。 \n> I like watching TV.\n>\n\nThe last example is also known as a nominalizer, but の is a perfect 形式名詞,\nsyntactically speaking.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T01:51:10.340",
"id": "70352",
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70346
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70352
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70352
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70351",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Probably a silly question. I assume that it is just a stylistic way of writing\nsome katakana or hiragana that I know. The image is from ヘタリア but I’ve seen it\nin a few places. The full sentence is basically “let the global conference\nbegin.”\n\n> 始める_!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-25T22:52:25.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70349",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T10:56:58.170",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T10:56:58.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "35163",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What is this character? 始める_!",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is essentially a duplicate of [Is this character a\nそ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53835/is-this-\ncharacter-a-%e3%81%9d)\n\nI don't like answering in comments, so I'll post it here.\n\nThe character is a two-stroke そ with a dakuten: ぞ.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [In what situations can you use ぞ as a sentence ender](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/617/in-what-situations-can-you-use-%e3%81%9e-as-a-sentence-ender)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T00:41:25.930",
"id": "70351",
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"score": 1
}
] |
70349
|
70351
|
70351
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70354",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a manga and a girl is showing her tutor that she \"started her\ntest.\" All she has is her name written down. Here is the sentence.\nお前しか書けてないがいいぞ. I believe the tutor has said this. The preceding sentence was\nsaid by the girl and was 私もう始めてます。\n\nI can't quite pick up on what is being said here. It seems like 書けてない is the\nnegative potential form of 書く. So my obviously wrong translation is, \"Not\nbeing able to only write your name is good.\" This makes no sense. I'm just\ntaking every word at face value so to speak. If anyone could provide a proper\nmeaning for this sentence, I would greatly appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T02:08:06.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70353",
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"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Is the negative potential of 書く used in this sentence and what is its meaning?",
"view_count": 617
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it's:\n\n> **名** 前しか書けてないがいいぞ。\n\nしか...ない means \"no(thing)...but\" → \"only\". (not \"not...only\")\n\n書けてない is a contracted pronunciation of 書けていない. ～ていない can mean \"have not done\n(yet)\". (See: [Why is a verb in the past (た形) contradicted with\n～ていない?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42242/9831) ) ～しか書けていない here\nliterally means \"have not been able to write anything but~~\" \"(have) managed\nto write only~~\".\n\nThe が means \"but\". (It's a conjunctive particle, not the subject case\nparticle.)\n\nSo the whole sentence means:\n\n> \"You've only written your name, but it's good.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T04:25:02.177",
"id": "70354",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "70353",
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"score": 8
}
] |
70353
|
70354
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70354
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering how I should or could translate \"no koto da\" as in\n\n> 僕が六歳だったとき **のことだ** 。?\n\nI get the general meaning of the sentence, but I have no idea what the meaning\nof こと (koto) in this case is.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T14:11:16.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70356",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T17:28:40.880",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-30T17:28:40.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "35171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of ~のことだ?",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Little Prince?\n\nI can't give you a grammatical explanation but it's the difference between:\n\n> 1) 僕が六歳だったとき...すごい絵を見た。 \n> When I was six I saw an amazing picture ... \n> 2) 僕が六歳だったときのことだ。...すごい絵を見た。 \n> It was when I was six. I saw an amazing picture...\n\nUnfortunately I'm having a hard time describing the difference between my\nEnglish translations. I suppose in 2) 僕が六歳だったときのことだ is setting the scene for\neverything that comes afterwards. Whereas 1) is just a boring statement that\nthe boy saw a picture when he was six.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T14:43:48.353",
"id": "70357",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70356
| null |
70357
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70362",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone help me find out what したら is doing in this sentence:\n\n> くそ。こいつからしたら当然の反応だが\n\nI assume こいつから to be \"from these guys\", 当然の反応 to be \"natural response\" and だが\nto be \"but/however\".\n\nNow for the confusing part. The したら seems to be the たら conditional of する.\nCould this be \"expressing surprise at the condition\" like Tae Kim says\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals)? Even so,\nhow does する fit here? Could the speaker be saying something along the lines of\n\"whatever these guys do, I'm not surprised (It's my natural reaction at this\npoint)\"?\n\nAny help would be much appreciated. I've been coming across more uses of たら\nthat don't necessarily translate to \"if\" or \"when\", so that can partly\ncontribute to my uncertainty with this problem.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T16:10:06.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70358",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T01:46:51.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How is したら acting in this sentence: こいつからしたら当然の反応だが",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means ”Shit. For him, it’s a natural response.” \nBut I can’t expect why there is “？”. You may understand the meaning by\ncontext. \nからしたら means “for, in one’s opinion”\n\n> 彼からしたら将棋よりもチェスの方が難しい。 \n> For him, chess is more difficult than shogi. \n> 僕からしたら数学で50点を取るのは凄いと思うよ。 \n> In my opinion, it’s great to get 50 points in maths.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T23:42:47.593",
"id": "70362",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T01:42:18.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70358",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70358
|
70362
|
70362
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70360",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I read this term in an online article and it was referring to people. I assume\nit means elderly people. Is there an age that one must be to use this term?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T18:16:11.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70359",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T09:56:29.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"katakana",
"word-usage",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "At what age is a person considered to be シルバー?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "It appears to depend upon which organization or company is assigning the\ndesignation. Usually using 65 to 70 years of age as a lower threshold. This is\nsimilar to varying ages for 'senior discounts' (in the US anyways).\n\n[Here is a page](https://overage-job.jp/blog/senior-howold/) from NTT\nFacilities Research, which lists a few terms regarding the elderly relative to\nage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-26T18:34:09.877",
"id": "70360",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T18:53:24.490",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T18:53:24.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "70359",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It literally means **silver** -haired (A beautiful expression of white hair\ndue to aging) people.\n\nAlso, this term is mostly used to sell something, so usually it means old but\nsomewhat healthy old people, mostly 65 to 75 years old in Japan IMO.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T09:56:29.693",
"id": "70367",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T09:56:29.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35134",
"parent_id": "70359",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
70359
|
70360
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70360
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70364",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was messaging my friend telling her I'll meet her at the library and I said\n\n> もうすぐ、私は図書館に来ます。 \n> (I'll come to the library soon.)\n\nShe corrected me saying 図書館に行きます not '来ます'.\n\nWhy 行きます？\n\nI'll 'go' to the library?\n\nSince I'll be meeting her there, I thought I'll 'come' to the library.\n\nWhy is it 行きます not 来ます ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T02:12:52.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70363",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T02:33:35.940",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T02:33:35.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between 行きます and 来ます in this context",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not how we typically use \"come\" in American English. You only use 来ます if\nyou are already at that place. Since you are not there yet, you have to \"go\"\nthere, so you must use 行きます.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T02:23:57.040",
"id": "70364",
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] |
70363
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70364
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70364
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70370",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When a parent is talking to their child in Japanese, what are the common ways\nof saying \"I\"? I've often heard parents refer to themselves in the 3rd person,\nie お母さんについてきて (\"come with me\"), お父さんの車を洗って (\"wash my car\"). Is this the most\ncommon approach? To me, it would sound strange if a parent referred to\nthemselves as 私、僕、俺, etc using the usual 1st-person pronouns. On the other\nhand, repeatedly using the 3rd-person お母さん and お父さん could be clumsy if you\nkeep having to say \"I\". When the child is young, I've heard them saying ママ or\nパパ, but that might sound childish if the child is in their teens or 20s, for\nexample.\n\nSo, what is an appropriate way for parents to say \"I\" when they are talking to\ntheir children? And how does that change according to the age of the child?\n\n**EDIT:** Also, are there ways of referring to themselves which would be\nconsidered inappropriate? For example, would a father call himself 俺 when\ntalking with a teenager (or older) child? What would be considered unnatural?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T13:18:38.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70369",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T15:25:28.333",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T13:46:01.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "How do parents say \"I\" when talking to their children in Japanese?",
"view_count": 531
}
|
[
{
"body": "お母さん/お父さん and ママ/パパ are the common \"first-person\" pronouns at least when a\nchild is small. See also: [When referring to herself, is there any pronoun\nother than お母さん when speaking to her\nchildren?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25947/5010)\n\nIt's easy to find surveys on _second-person_ usages of ママ/etc (for example\n[this](https://benesse.jp/kyouiku/201002/20100225-1.html) and\n[this](https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Mycom_freshers__gmd_articles_33354/)),\nbut I could not find a survey directly on _first-person_ ママ/etc. From my\nunderstanding, ママ/パパ is the most common first-person pronoun when a child is\nvery small, and it will be gradually replaced by 俺/わたし/父さん/お母さん/etc. Many\nparents keep using first-person ママ/お父さん/etc even after their children become\nadults. I am in my thirties and my mother still calls herself お母さん when she\ntalks with me over the phone.\n\n> repeatedly using the 3rd-person お母さん and お父さん could be clumsy if you keep\n> having to say \"I\".\n\nRepeatedly using _any_ person pronoun is clumsy in Japanese. As you probably\nknow, Japanese is not a language that makes you use the same person pronouns\nmany times. The majority of conversations with a child are done with no person\npronouns, and you almost never have to say お母さん repeatedly.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T13:38:47.917",
"id": "70370",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
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70369
|
70370
|
70370
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70374",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I want to thank the people who are helping me on this website. Would 助けてくれて有難う\nbe the appropriate thing to say to everyone?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T13:57:13.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70371",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T15:31:46.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "助けてくれて有難う meaning and usage",
"view_count": 448
}
|
[
{
"body": "That’s correct.\n\nThough usually ありがとう is used instead of 有難う, if that’s your favorite, you\ndon’t have to hesitate.\n\nWe usually use 敬語 on the Internet, so ありがとうございます is more polite and popular.\nBut if you feel them like your friends, ありがとう isn’t bad at all.\n\n助ける isn’t used so much in this context. 助ける is rather similar to “save,\nrescue”. But if you feel you’ve been saved (like you were able to make friends\nwith Japanese and got no longer lonely), it suits.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T14:28:35.697",
"id": "70372",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T14:28:35.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "That sounds more like thanks for saving me what you just wrote.\n\nI would think 手伝ってくれてありがとうございます would sound better, which is, thank you for\nhelping me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T14:28:53.530",
"id": "70373",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T14:28:53.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7713",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> I want to thank the people who are helping me on this website.\n\nIn that case, how about...\n\n> 「(いつも)いろいろ教えてくれてありがとう。」 \n> 「教えてくれてありがとう。」 \n> or just 「いつもありがとう。」\n\nIf you want to sound more formal, how about...\n\n> 「いつもお世話になってありがとうございます。」 \n> 「(いつも)いろいろ教えていただいて、ありがとうございます。」\n\n* * *\n\n> Would 助けてくれて有難う be the appropriate thing to say to everyone?\n\nIt would be understood, but it sounds to me like \"Thank you for saving me /\nsaving my life\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T14:49:56.370",
"id": "70374",
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"score": 7
}
] |
70371
|
70374
|
70374
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70379",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference between 辞典 and 辞書? I know that both terms refer to a\ndictionary. I am thinking that a 辞典 has pictures and possibly more volumes\n(encyclopedia) and a 辞書 does not.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T16:52:21.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70378",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T18:08:36.627",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-27T17:53:47.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 辞典 and 辞書 ？",
"view_count": 2890
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **辞典** （じてん）: dictionary\n * **辞書** （じしょ）: dictionary\n * **事典** （じてん）: encyclopedia (with pictures and long descriptions)\n\nNote that 辞典 and 事典 are different words with the same reading. 辞典 and 辞書 are\nbasically synonyms, but 辞典 tends to be used as part of a compound or a\ndictionary name, whereas 辞書 is more widely used as a common noun for a\ndictionary.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [The difference between 辞書 and 字引](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12974/5010)\n * [What is the difference between jibiki and jisho?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41122/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T18:08:36.627",
"id": "70379",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T18:08:36.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70378",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
70378
|
70379
|
70379
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm pretty sure that there's a lot more you can do with 限る than there is with\n限定する, (When I looked up 限る, I saw a lot of different usages, such as it\nmeaning \"is the best,\" or \"nothing is better than,\" in different contexts).\nBut I'm trying to figure out which one is more commonly used for \"to limit\" or\n\"to restrict.\" When should I use 限定する? When should I use 限る? Is one more\nformal than the other? What's the nuances here?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-27T22:30:48.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70380",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T17:03:20.243",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T03:11:02.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35184",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 限る and 限定する?",
"view_count": 419
}
|
[
{
"body": "限定する is usually used to describe the action to limit something. 限る (of this\nmeaning) can also be used for the action but is more about describing the\nstate of limitation. No one is more formal for this verb form.\n\nFor example, `申し込みを一人一枚に限定する` means \"To limit the application to one per\nperson\", and `申し込みは一人一枚に限る` means \"The application is limited to one per\nperson\". They are not identical in this case.\n\nAlso, 限定する only means to limit or to restrict a whole thing to its partitions.\n`限定された時間` is only used for cases like \"this door is opened only from 7 am to 5\npm (partition of a day)\", but `限られた時間` can also mean \"the time left (for\nsomeone is going to die)\".\n\nBut jumping out from the verb form it's another story. \"limited to A\" can be\nA限定 or Aに限る and are quite identical. You should use their correct form\nrespectively in the sentence since they are grammatically different, though.\n\nIn fact, 限定 is widely used in the form of ～限定. `数量限定 (limited quantity)`,\n`本日限定 (only today)`, `限定販売 (limited distribution)`, `50部限定 (50 pieces only)`\netc. Do not be confused when you see this form.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T03:03:31.107",
"id": "70383",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T03:03:31.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35134",
"parent_id": "70380",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "This may be incorrect but I have a hypothesis.\n\n限る means “someone or something limits” 限定する means “someone limits”. 限定された時間 is\nonly used like when a doctor allows a patient to go out in limited time.\n限られた時間 is also used in that way and like when a person is too busy and has\nlittle time to listen to his favorite songs.\n\nBut 限定的 definitely has the meaning “someone or something limits” for example\nこの方法は限定的な場面でしか使えない.\n\nThis is a bad answer that doesn’t have a definite conclusion. But I hope this\nhelps you a bit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T11:18:13.260",
"id": "70422",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T15:28:17.867",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T15:28:17.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70380",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
70380
| null |
70383
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70382",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't think a lot of context is needed, basically a girl having an intimate\nmoment and talk with her boyfriend...\n\n我慢しなくていいです\n\n人を好きになるとよくばりになるって 今はわたしにもわかるから\n\nRough translation: (You/we) don't have to hold back, because (the expression)\n\"To be in love with someone means to be greedy for them\" is understood by me\nnow _as well?_.\n\nIt seems to me that the sentence makes perfect sentence without も , so is it\nthere for emphasis of some sort? If it means \"as well\", would the [as well]\nrefer to how there are many people (boyfriend included) who understand that\n\"To be in love with someone means to be greedy for them\" and she is saying\nthat now she is one of them too? Or does も have another meaning/function here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T02:23:12.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70381",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T02:39:25.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What's the function of the particle も in this sentence?",
"view_count": 74
}
|
[
{
"body": "This も is _also_ or _as well_. Since it attaches わたし(に), the basic meaning is\n\"I also understand\", \"not only you but also I\" or \"I as well as others\",\nimplying she was slow to realize that \"fact\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T02:39:25.247",
"id": "70382",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T02:39:25.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70381
|
70382
|
70382
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70386",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it natural to say, for example 散歩 **し** に行く? Or would you rather say 散歩に行く?\nIf both are acceptable, is there any difference in meaning or usage?\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T04:19:47.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70384",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T05:30:07.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Is the pattern V + に行く used with -する verbs?",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "散歩に行く is used quite a bit more frequently. Looking around, most people don't\nreally see a difference between the two and consider both correct. \nIt's like saying in English, 'I'm going for a walk.' versus 'I'm gonna go for\na walk.'.\n\nMany if not most other cases of V + に行く would likely be more appropriate with\nthe し. \nFor example, if you were talking about tennis and you just said テニスに行く, one\nwouldn't understand if you were going to watch tennis or going to play tennis\n(見に行く/しに行く) .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T05:20:20.057",
"id": "70386",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T05:30:07.607",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T05:30:07.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "70384",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70384
|
70386
|
70386
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70408",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider the following example:\n\n> divide the main folder into sub folders (in case of mail)\n>\n> フォルダを振り分ける \n> フォルダをわける\n\nWhat I want to know is why do we add \"ふり\"? Why can't we just use \"フォルダをわけて\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T05:10:30.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70385",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T03:57:47.520",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "わける vs 振り分ける -- What is the ふり doing here?",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to goo辞書\n[分ける](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195856/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B5%E3%82%8A%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B/)\n/\n[振り分ける](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195856/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B5%E3%82%8A%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B/):\n\n**フォルダを分ける** to classify, to sort, to divide an aggregate into sub-folders\nwhen you don't specify a purpose. Probably when a lot of miscellaneous things\nin one folder, you might feel the necessity to divide the one folder into\nseveral folders without specific labels for the moment.\n\n**子供と大人に分ける** to split one group into the group of children and the group of\nadults.\n\n**大きさによって分ける** to classify by the size.\n\nI think \"分ける\" is focusing on quantifiable things when you classify, split,\ndivide, etc.\n\n**フォルダを振りわける** to classify, to sort, to divide an aggregate into sub-folders\nwhen you have a specific purpose. Such as **生徒を理系と文系に振り分ける** to arrange\nstudents into science majors and literature majors. They have some reasons for\nthe academic institutions to divide students into sub-categories.\n\nI think **振り分ける** is focusing on the qualitative things when you classify,\nsplit, divide, etc. such as **生徒を理系と文系に振り分ける** is implying classifying the\nstudents with their aptitudes.\n\nI do not know what 振り in 振り分ける is.\n\nSee also other sources: Weblio 類語辞典\n[分ける](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) /\n[振り分ける](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8A%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T22:06:15.100",
"id": "70405",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T03:57:47.520",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T03:57:47.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "分ける just means dividing one thing (or several things) into two or more pieces\n(or groups). 振り分ける means sorting or distributing _many_ things into subgroups,\nand it is used especially when items arrive over time, as in e-mail filters or\nHTTP load balancers. In your case, there is only one main folder but there are\nmany mails in it, so you can say メール **を** (サブ)フォルダ **に** 振り分ける or フォルダ **を**\n2つのサブフォルダ **に** 分ける. フォルダ **を** 振り分ける doesn't look correct to me because it\nsounds like there are dozens of random folders to sort.\n\nRegarding this 振る, it means something like \"to assign\" here. See the third\ndefinition [here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195909/meaning/m0u/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T23:59:52.727",
"id": "70408",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T00:24:59.400",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T00:24:59.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70385
|
70408
|
70408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70388",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a sentence on IMABI:\n\n> 太ったのはなぜだと思いますか\n\nWhich translates to:\n\n> Why do you think it is you got fat?\n\nWhy is it `you think`? If I were to translate it, it would be `I really wonder\nwhy you got fat?` (`really` comes from `だ`, which as I think has emphasis\npurposes after `なぜ`)\n\nWhere have I got it wrong? Or can this sentence be translated either way?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T05:22:33.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T16:59:56.780",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T16:59:56.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Why does と思います point to \"you\"?",
"view_count": 809
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's a very simplified explanation: because the か makes it a question.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T05:25:01.903",
"id": "70388",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T05:25:01.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "70387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
70387
|
70388
|
70388
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "外海 has two readings がいかい and そとうみ. What is the difference of the two?\nPersonally, I am under the impression that がいかい is the common reading because\nof its similarity to the word 外国【がいこく】. However, I have encountered situations\n(some songs) where そとうみ has been used instead.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T15:57:15.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70392",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-03T01:03:20.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"readings"
],
"title": "What is the common reading of the word 外海?",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "The NHK Accent dictionary and the\n[大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%B7) include both がいかい and\nそとうみ readings as valid for this term.\n\nThe デジタル大辞泉 lists the first definition of _kaigai_ and _sotoumi_ as synonyms\nfor a sea that is not bound by the continent, or to the open sea that is not\nclose to the continent. However, the second definition of _kaigai_ , which is\nmore metaphorical, means foreign lands, and I couldn´t find this connotation\nin the definitions of _sotoumi_. Here are the definitions for\n[がいかい](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%B7_%28%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%84%29/#jn-35413)\nand\n[そとうみ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%B7_%28%E3%81%9D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%BF%29/#jn-131002).\n\nAdditionally, there is the Buddhist term\n[げかい](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%B7_%28%E3%81%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%84%29/#jn-67403)\nthat uses the same kanji.\n\nAlso, there is at least one person name with these kanji\n([とのがい](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84)).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-05T21:50:24.020",
"id": "78446",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-06T00:49:52.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-06T00:49:52.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "20288",
"owner_user_id": "20288",
"parent_id": "70392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70392
| null |
78446
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "黙然 has two different readings which are もくねん and もくぜん. I am fairly confident\nin saying that もくぜん is the more common of the two and that もくねん is some sort\nof outdated reading. Is this interpretation correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T16:43:57.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70393",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T17:32:21.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings"
],
"title": "What is the correct reading of 黙然?",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "黙然 is an uncommon word and I cannot say which is more common from my personal\nexperience, but according to ふりがな文庫, もくねん was much more common roughly 100\nyears ago. And I see no reason to believe this ratio changed greatly after\nthis period.\n\n<https://furigana.info/w/%E9%BB%99%E7%84%B6>\n\nNote that ふりがな文庫's data are based on explicit furigana in relatively old\nnovels, so rare, nonstandard or creative readings tend to appear more common\n(だんまり should be an example of this). Still, I think the figures are meaningful\nregarding もくぜん vs もくねん.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T02:47:10.893",
"id": "70441",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T04:58:13.433",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T04:58:13.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "70393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I’m Japanese and always pronounce this “もくぜん”. But I’ve found “もくねん” is\nacceptable. \n[https://kotobank.jp/word/黙然-645344](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%BB%99%E7%84%B6-645344) \nふりがな文庫 has many words usages in literature. It’s so useful for searching\ncorrect and traditional usages for writing. But there are some old usages and\nfew or no usages for speaking. For example, 増長天王 was written in 1927. \nSo I can say as you expected, もくねん is a bit out of date.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T03:09:28.713",
"id": "70442",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T17:32:21.413",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T17:32:21.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "35021",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70393
| null |
70441
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I find such thing very interesting as it is a phenomena that simply does not\nexist for languages that do not use kanji or similar writing systems. Is there\na way to call such pairs of words? For example:\n\n> 会社 / 社会\n>\n> 海外 / 外海\n>\n> 旅行 / 行旅\n>\n> 貸借 / 借貸\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T16:54:05.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70394",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T16:54:05.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a word to refer to those pairs (or sets) of words that are made up of the same kanji but in the opposite order?",
"view_count": 35
}
|
[] |
70394
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If anyone could help me make sure I don’t make a stupid white girl mistake and\nget the wrong thing tattooed on me that would be very appreciated!\n\nI had two cats who died very recently and I’d like to get a tatto in their\nmemory. I named them Tsuki and Yuki when I was 7 years old, and I would love\nto be able to have a tattoo of their names in Japanese kanji, along with 2 cat\nsilhouettes.\n\nFrom looking on the internet I have found 雪 for Yuki, as I do remember\nchoosing it with the intention of it meaning ‘snow’. And I have found 月 for\nTsuki as again I remember choosing it with the intention of it meaning\n“moon/lunar”\n\nIf anyone could help me out I would honestly be so so so grateful, these cats\nmeant a lot to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T17:13:45.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70395",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T17:37:07.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35196",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Help with Japanese for a tattoo - I swear there’s a good reason!",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are not making a mistake as both Kanji are correct: 雪 Snow and 月 Moon. In\nthe future if you want to verify a character I would recommend using jisho to\nlook it up: <https://jisho.org/>\n\nGood luck!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T17:37:07.647",
"id": "70396",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T17:37:07.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35197",
"parent_id": "70395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70395
| null |
70396
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70401",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is my question:\n\nI started to learn particles and one of the lessons is that when a location is\nthe topic I can attach は and も to the particles に, へ and で.\n\nI understand most of it, except when I have も attached to で. Could I have an\nexample of how this would be used with location?\n\nAnd lastly... Is でも as in \"but/however\" related to these particles or it is a\nnon related word?\n\nDisclaimer: I'm still not good with kanji, so if possible add the kana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T19:02:37.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70398",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T19:45:05.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35198",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"particle-も",
"particle-でも",
"topic"
],
"title": "I need some clarification with でも as particles!",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[
{
"body": "でも meaning even/but/however is the て form of the copula です. The て form can\nallow you to do many things, but the most basic use is that it allows you to\njoin to clauses together. You can think of it as meaning \"and.\" も is the\ninclusionary particle which you use when you want to say \"also\" or \"in\naddition too.\"\n\nAn example of でも would be 先生でも間違{まちが｝います。Even a teacher makes mistakes.\n\nYou could use でも to state where an event took place as well. Do recall that も\nis the inclusionary particle though and you must use it when you are talking\nabout similar topics.\n\nIf a topic of the activity \"having fun\" were already introduced at a certain\nlocation then you could state that you also \"had fun\" at another place.\n\nプールでは遊｛あそ}んだ。 X had fun in/at the pool. （Topic is introduced by は, verb is\nplaying)\n\nジョンの家{いえ}でも遊｛あそ}んだ。 X ALSO had fun in/at John's house. (Topic, which is\nanother location, is marked by も, verb is playing)\n\nIf you did something other than \"have fun\", say \"eat\", then you would not be\nable to use the も particle.\n\nSo to answer your question, yes they do mean to different things but when you\nbreak them down into their separate parts, they are quite simple and easy to\nunderstand.\n\nTo anyone else who sees this and knows more than me, please correct me and go\neasy on me as this is my first time answering a question. (If I am incorrect\nwith anything)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T19:45:05.203",
"id": "70401",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
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] |
70398
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70401
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70401
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My Japanese knowledge is very limited, so I am not good in Japanese alphabet. \nWith the help of an online [Japanese name\nconverter](https://apps.nolanlawson.com/japanese-name-converter), I tried\nwriting a name in Japanese, but the resulting name does not sound exactly as\nit is in English. It seems some characters turn into other characters.\n\nThe name is: Siavash Divani The result is: シアバシュ ディバニ (shiabashu dibani)\n\nAs you see in the parentheses, it sounds different from the English spelling.\nIs it possible to write the name in Japanese in a way that sounds just the way\nit is written in English? If the answer is no, why?\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system) says that\nonly the kanji system has over 50,000 characters. So, it seems it should\nsupport writing foreign names in a way that sounds the way you like.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T19:20:37.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70399",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T17:48:06.447",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T19:28:14.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "32343",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"pronunciation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why Can't A Name Be Written Literally In Japanese?",
"view_count": 2077
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Basically, there are just some sounds that exist in other languages which\ncannot easily be phonemically represented in Japanese.**\n\nDisclaimer - this is a simplified answer, but ...\n\nAs with any language, you must differentiate between the actual sounds\n(phonology) and the writing system which represents the language\n(orthography). Although there are several thousand kanji characters which form\nthe basis of the writing system (2136 on the official list), that doesn't mean\nthere are 2136 individual sounds. In fact, there are approximately 50 sounds\nin Japanese (or around 100 if you include dakuon and yoon). By 'sounds', I\nmean the variations of vowel and consonant combinations which are used in\nspoken Japanese.\n\nThat is probably a lot less than you imagined. As such, there are some sounds\nthat exist in other languages which are not easily transferred to Japanese.\nThey simply are not part of the standard collection of sounds in Japanese\nphonology. A famous example is that there is no strict equivalent of 'l' and\n'r' in Japanese - the ら、り、る、れ、ろ sounds are used to represent both. So if your\nname was 'Roland', it would be difficult to represent the difference between\nthe 'r' and 'l' sounds. It would be ローランド, which when pronounced would not\ncontain the distinction that you would hear if pronounced in English, for\nexample.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T22:30:14.637",
"id": "70406",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T17:48:06.447",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T17:48:06.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "70399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
},
{
"body": "The amount of kanji is irrelevant because they are a _writing_ system. The\nthing is that, when writing a foreign word in japanese, what happens is that\nthe sound of the word is aproximated to the sounds available in the Japanese\nlanguage, and then it can be written down using a Japanese _syllabary_ such as\nhiragana or katakana (not Kanji). What you see in alphabet script is just the\ntransliteration from the version in the japanese syllabary (where the original\npronunciation has been lost already) to the western alphabet script.\n\nFor this reason, what is important here is the set of _sounds_ (to be\naccurate, phonemes) that Japanese people use in their tongue. This set of\nsounds is not so large when compared to other languages.\n\nLet's compare what wikipedia says in regards of phonemes for both Japanese and\nEnglish:\n\n> The phonology of Japanese features about **15 consonant** phonemes, the\n> cross-linguistically typical **five-vowel** system of /a, i, u, e, o/, and a\n> relatively simple phonotactic distribution of phonemes allowing few\n> consonant clusters.\n>\n> The number and distribution of phonemes in English vary from dialect to\n> dialect, and also depend on the interpretation of the individual researcher.\n> The number of **consonant** phonemes is generally put at **24** (or slightly\n> more). The number of **vowels** is subject to greater variation; in the\n> system presented on this page there are **20–25** vowel phonemes in Received\n> Pronunciation, **14–16** in General American and **19–20** in Australian\n> English.\n\n * Japanese: 15 consonant phonemes and 5 vowels\n\n * English: 24 consonant phonemes and 14 vowels (at least)\n\nSince there are far more sounds in English than in Japanese, that means for\nsure that there are English sounds that Japanese people can't say using their\nphonetic system. That's one of the reasons why it is not possible to say\nforeign words with an accurate pronunciation for Japanese people. The sound\n\"si\" does not exist in Japanese, that's why the \"Si\" at Siavash becomes \"Shi\".\n\nAnother aspect which is equally important is that, aside from ん (which sounds\nlike 'n'), any other consonant phoneme in japanese is necessarily followed by\na vowel, so it is not possible to reproduce combinations of consonant sounds\ntogether with accuracy, nor consonant phonemes alone either. That's the reason\nwhy the \"sh\" at Siavash is changed to \"shu\". In the japanese system,\nseparating 'sh' from 'u' (or another vowel) is not a possibility. They form an\nindivisible unit both in terms of writing (Shi, ジ , one single symbol) and\nspeech.\n\nThere may be other limitations or constraints that contribute to change\nsignificantly the original pronunciation of a foreign word in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T22:40:53.423",
"id": "70407",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T21:58:41.707",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "The simple answer is that there aren't enough sounds.\n\nThere are set sounds for the vowels \"e\", \"i\", \"a\", \"o\", and \"u\", as well as 40\nother standard sounds and one standalone \"n.\" These sounds are \"k\", \"s\", \"t\",\n\"n\", \"h\", \"r\", which each have the full three kana, as well as \"y\" that has\nthree kana and \"w\" that has two (Okinawan has two other \"w\"s in _we_ and _wi_\n, but these are non-standard)\n\nIf we add the voiced \"Diacritics\", then we add sounds for \"g\", \"z\", \"d\", \"b\",\nand \"p\", adding another 25.\n\nAdding digraphs (e.g., \"kya\", \"sha\"), we get another 30 sounds.\n\nThis is a grand total of 103 sounds. However, you will notice that a few\nsounds are missing when compared to English: \"v\", \"l\", \"x\", \"f\", and \"q\".\n\nX is normally substituted for a \"z-\" sound (as in \"xylophone\"), while using x\n(as in \"x-ray\") is pronounced \"ekkusu.\"\n\nL is almost always substituted with \"r-\", thsu \"ball\" can be \"baru\".\n\nQ is substituted with a \"k-\"\n\nF is written as \"fu\" plus a smaller vowel kana (unless the sound is explicitly\n\"fu\")\n\nV is seems to be always _pronounced_ as a \"b\", and the standard writing is as\nsuch, however the non-standard writing can be done by putting the voice marks\nby the \"u\" kana and writing a smaller vowel kana next to it (similar to the\ndigraphs).\n\nYour program likely didn't utilize this way of writing \"v\", so if you really\nwant it:\n\nシア **ヴァ** シュ ディ **ヴァ** ニ\n\nAs an aside, the reason for the trailing \"u\" on your first name is that\nJapanese is a phonetic language, so with the exception of \"n\" (sometimes\npronounced \"m\" when before a \"p\" or \"b\"), all letters have a consonant\nfollowed by a vowel. Most adults drop the trailing \"u\" when reading (thus\nhearing \"des\" instead of \"desu\"), so your name should be pronounced fairly\nclose.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T03:56:35.017",
"id": "70412",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-02T03:55:58.673",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-02T03:55:58.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "33768",
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"score": 1
}
] |
70399
| null |
70406
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've loved this English Zen fable since I was a teenager, but not sure of the\ncorrect kanji translation for \"attention\" - is it 念?\n\n> One day a man of the people said to Zen Master Ikkyu: “Master, will you\n> please write for me some maxims of the highest wisdom?”\n>\n> Ikkyu immediately took his brush and wrote the word, “Attention.”\n>\n> “Is that all?” asked the man. “Will you not add something more?”\n>\n> Ikkyu then wrote twice running: “Attention. Attention.”\n>\n> “Well,” remarked the man rather irritably, “I really don’t see much depth or\n> subtlety in what you have just written.”\n>\n> Then Ikkyu wrote the same word three times running: “Attention. Attention.\n> Attention.”\n>\n> Half angered, the man demanded: “What does that word ‘Attention’ mean\n> anyway?”\n>\n> And Ikkyu answered gently: “Attention means attention.”\n>\n> _Roshi P. Kapleau, The Three Pillars of Zen_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T19:24:41.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70400",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T12:02:57.173",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35199",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"literature"
],
"title": "Question about Ikkyu anecdote in \"3 Pillars of Zen\"",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "I observe this is sometimes translated into\n\"[マインドフルネス:Mindfulness](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9)\"\nwhich is reverse imported into Japan, being popular among businessmen and\npracticed in the retreat.\n\nI am not a Zen Buddhist scholar and believe the correct translation is still\nin the debate, so I borrowed the explanation in the wikipedia entry:\n\"マインドフルネス\".\n\nThey say,\n\n>\n> _mindfulnessと英訳された仏教用語は、パーリ語のsati（サティ）および、サンスクリットにおいてsatiに相当するsmṛtiに起源がある。Robert\n> Sharfによれば、これらの語の意味は、広範囲に渡る討論や議論のテーマとなっている。元来、smṛtiは、to\n> remember（思い出す、記憶している）、to recollect（思い出す、回想する）、to bear in\n> mind（心に留めておく）を意味した。_\n\nSo, its etymology should be Pāḷi language: sati and Sanskrit: smṛti. And it is\nsometimes translated as the \"mindfulness\" in English language.\n\nThe wikipedia entry lists up the \"Attention\" and it's counterparts in\nJapanese.\n\n> * _Attention - 注意、考慮、配慮、手当、世話_\n>\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lWf7X.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T12:02:57.173",
"id": "70449",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T12:02:57.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
70400
| null |
70449
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70414",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is my sentence, `この前の俺と一緒にしてもらっては困る`.\n\nI'm having some difficulty figuring out it's meaning. This sentence was said\naloud by a male character to a female character. Just before he said this, he\nhad gotten the girl to agree to let him tutor her but she asked him one more\nquestion to see if he were truly smarter than her and he got it incorrect.\nThus, she now refuses to let him tutor her.\n\nI assume この前の to mean \"the thing before this\" or \"the thing that just\nhappened\". That's why I gave the background information last paragraph. I\nbelieve the subject of the sentence to be \"you/the girl\" since the speaker\nsays together with himself. Next, I would think してもらって would be some sort of\nreceiving of an act of doing. The subject, the girl, received something that\nthey did together. And lastly, as for this, the speaker is troubled by this.\n\nI feel like this sentence is largely context based, but I am not 100% sure so\nI apologize if I've left out any crucial details. I think this sentence is\nbasically saying that the speaker is trouble by what just happened between\nthem. I'm not sure why してもらって is used though. In the て form nonetheless. The\nsubject, the girl, would be the one doing the receiving and I'm confused on\nwhat type of act she received.\n\nAny help would be much appreciated. I apologize if I'm sort of all over the\nplace with this question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T20:06:49.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70402",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T00:58:23.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Confusion on してもらって and the subject of this sentence",
"view_count": 243
}
|
[
{
"body": "I suppose this male met the female before (say, 3 days ago) and he gave her\nthe impression that he is not smart enough to tutor her. Then, she gives him\nthe second chance to prove he is smart enough to be a tutor... but he failed.\n\nHe probably studied the subject after the 'last event'. So he said \" **I don't\nwant you to consider I'm not smart enough to be your tutor like the last\ntime.** \"\n\nFollowing is the breakdown of the sentence:\n\n\"この前\" is like \"the other day\". It's past but not a long time before. Though in\nthis case he points out the 'last event'.\n\n\"一緒にしてもらって\" is originally \"一緒にする\". It means \"put them together\" or in this\ncontext \"consider the same (degree of smartness as last time)\". \nIn this case the girl considers that the boy is not smart enough. So it turns\nto \"一緒にしてもらう\". It is a polite way of expressing the passive voice. Also he\nwants to say \"困る\" afterwards, so it turns to \"一緒にしてもらっては\".\n\nAnother example:\n\n> I don't want you to come (来てもらっては困る). \n> \"来る\" → \"来てもらう\" → \"来てもらっては\"\n\nThe direct translation of \"困る\" is \"worry\", though it is also a round-about way\nof saying \"I don't want you to do ...\" or \"Don't do ...\".\n\nI'm sorry about my English its not my mother tongue. I hope it gives you some\nidea.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-28T21:28:07.180",
"id": "70403",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T00:58:23.780",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T00:58:23.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35131",
"parent_id": "70402",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "While もらう usually has a connotation of someone doing something positive for\nthe speaker, this is not always the case.\n\n[コトバンク「貰う」⑨㋒](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B2%B0%E3%81%86-646791#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n**他人の行なった行為によって、自らが迷惑を受ける意を表す。** 「無断で入って－・っちゃ困るな」 \n**Expresses annoyance caused by the actions of others.** \"Don't come in\nwithout permission.\"\n\n**一緒にする** has a definition of **'to confuse with'.** [Weblio\n(2)](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%80%E7%B7%92%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\n\nThe English version of the manga translates this line as, _'You had better not\nassume I'm the same Futaro Uesugi you knew before.'_ , which seems quite\nadequate.\n\n[この前の俺]と[一緒にしてもらっては][困る]。 \n(The me from before) (confuse me with) (it's an annoyance/trouble) \nA slightly more literal translation than the one provided in the manga might\nbe: 'You'll regret it if you confuse me with who I was before.'\n\nHere are a few other sentences that I've found using ～てもらっては困る:\n\n> 酔って軍律を乱してもらっては困る。 \n> Don't get drunk and break military protocol (as it would be trouble).\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> この事はめったにしゃべってもらっては困るよ。 \n> Be sure and keep your mouth shut about this.\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 絶対に勘違いしてもらっては困るので繰り返します。 \n> If you misunderstand it will absolutely be an issue (trouble), so I'll\n> repeat it again.\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 見くびってもらっては困る。 \n> Don't patronize (look down on) me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T04:48:36.783",
"id": "70414",
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}
] |
70402
|
70414
|
70414
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70410",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Slight disclaimer. I did read the following post, [Meaning of に in\n～にできる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53596/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%AB-in-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B/53597) , but did\nnot see it's reasoning directly translating to my sentence.\n\nHere is sentence in question:\n\n> 「五つ子だからミクにできることは他の四人にもできる。」\n\nSo the speaker is saying that since these girls are quintuplets, if one of\nthem can do something, then the rest of them should be able to do it too. I've\nseen that にする can mean \"to decide on something\" or \"to make\" and できる is the\npotential form of する, but I can't see how that would work here. What is it\nthat the girls can do/make? How does に as a the location particle work here?\n\nAny help would be much appreciated. I feel that there is something that has\ngone unsaid here and I can't put my finger on it.\n\n**EDIT.** Or is all what comes in front of こと just a descriptive clause and\nwhat she can do/make is the abstract こと?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T00:03:54.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70409",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-22T19:40:41.273",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-22T19:40:41.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How is に used in にできる here?",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because they are quintuplets, anything Miku can do, the other four can also\ndo. The に should be used in a similar sense to にする, and こと is exactly as you\nsay.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T00:45:42.850",
"id": "70410",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T00:45:42.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35201",
"parent_id": "70409",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
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70409
|
70410
|
70410
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70435",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wanted to learn more about よう constructs, in particular the かのよう(な)(に) and\nかのようだ constructs, so I did some research. The following is what I've found so\nfar.\n\n> よう - a noun that can turn into a modifying noun or a adjective depending on\n> whether a の or な exists on either end (see below). [source\n> 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69210/is-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-an-\n> adjective-or-a-noun)\n>\n> のよう - modifies previous noun in “noun + のよう” construct as の “links” the よう\n> to the noun. - [source\n> 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69210/is-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-an-\n> adjective-or-a-noun)\n>\n> ような - the な-adjective version of よう, from my understanding of\n> [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69210/is-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-an-\n> adjective-or-a-noun)\n>\n> のように - \"Noun A のように\" is used when describing an action which is \"done in the\n> same way as A\" or a characteristic \"which is comparable to A\". Source: Genki\n> II Second Edition Textbook, page 239\n>\n> のような - \"Noun A のような noun B\" means \"a B like/similar to A.\" \"A のような B\" means\n> that \"B\" has the same quality(ies) or appearance as A, or A is a example of\n> \"B\". Source: Genki II Second Edition Textbook, page 239\n>\n> かのよう - Found nothing so far.\n>\n> かのような \"Verb Phrase + かのような + Noun\" = \"(Noun) as if (Verb Phrase)\" and forms\n> a metaphorical expression or simile\n> [Source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21169/how-to-\n> translate-%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E)\n>\n> かのようだ translates as ‘(seems) as if...’ or ‘(seems) as if perhaps...’ Source:\n> [this answer here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3846/how-to-\n> use-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-%E3%81%AA-%E3%81%A0/43914#43914)\n\nI am stumped as to what かのように means in comparison to かのような, and かのようだ are, as\nI don't have a possible translation for かのように, possible grammar functions, nor\nhave I been able to find any questions asking about かのように specifically other\nthan [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3846/how-to-\nuse-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-%E3%81%AA-%E3%81%A0).\nUnfortunately, the asker claims to already \"understand fine how to use\n〜(の)よう{に・な・だ}\". thereby leaving me in the dark as to how it is used. (Any\nclarification/explanation/rant on かのように alone will be much apricated.)\n\nIs the above research correct as far as to what each construct means, and what\nthey are used for/as?\n\nEdit:\n\nSome example sentences shown below.\n\n1) 自分の技術を自慢する **かのように** 、 嬉しそうに話す銀髪の男。\n\n2) 自分のことなのに、まるで他人{ひと}のことを思い出している **かのようだ** 。\n\n3) 軍隊で使う **ような** 、重くて厚みのあるサバイバルナイフ。\n\n4) 品定めをする **かのような** , 射貫{いね}くような眼差{まなざ}をこちらに向けながら.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T03:12:28.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70411",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T20:49:05.147",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-31T20:49:05.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Research on かのように, and other よう constructs",
"view_count": 336
}
|
[
{
"body": "You list several constructions.\n\n> よう \n> のよう \n> ような \n> のように \n> のような \n> かのよう \n> かのような \n> かのようだ\n\nThe core of all of these is the word よう (\"likeness, that-ness\"), usually\nfunctioning more as an adjective meaning \"like / similar to / as if `[whatever\ncame before in the sentence]`\". All the rest of it is particles and\nauxiliaries. These seem to be what's confusing you, so let's look at these in\nturn.\n\n> の\n\nAs you note, this can be used to modify one noun with another noun. This is\noften a matter of possession, like 犬 **[の]{●}** 本 (the dog **'s** book),\nbut sometimes it's a different kind of modification, such as 青[の]{●}ドレス (a\nblue dress), putting the emphasis on the noun after the の. This is called\n**attributive** usage, where we're using the の to define an attribute or\nquality of the following noun.\n\nFor all the constructions above with のよう, the basic meaning is \"like / similar\nto / as if `[the thing before the の]`\".\n\n> な\n\nThis is similar to the **attributive** use of の to modify a noun. な is\nspecific to a certain class of adjectives, often called **_-na_ adjectives**\nin English. This な allows us to use the whole よう phrase attributively, to\nmodify something else with a description. ベンチのよう[な]{●}椅子 (\"a chair like a\nbench\"), 殴られたよう[な]{●}感じ (\"a feeling like having been punched\").\n\n> に\n\nAlso used with the _-na_ adjectives, this is like the _-ly_ suffix in English:\nit turns a _-na_ adjective into an adverb.\n\n> だ\n\nThis is the generic **copula** , or \"to be\" verb, in the plain form. The\npolite form is です, which I'm sure you've probably heard before. Use either\nplain or polite, depending on the social context of when you say or write\nthis.\n\nだ and です are used to form a **predicate** or the end of sentence, when we\ndon't have another verb happening (or one of the so-called \" _-i_ adjectives\",\nwhich we won't go into right now). So to use a _-na_ adjective as the\npredicate of a sentence, we have to put だ after the adjective.\n\nAs an example for how to use the three pieces な・に・だ, let's look at the _-na_\nadjective 静【しず】か (\"quiet\").\n\n * な \nIf we want to say that _\"this is a quiet car\"_ , we're modifying (describing)\nthe word \"car\" with the word \"quiet\", so we have to use the **attributive** な\nafter the adjective and before the noun: \nこれは静【しず】か[な]{●}車【くるま】だ。\n\n * に \nIf we want to say that _\"this car goes quietly\"_ , we're modifying or\ndescribing a quality of the verb, not the noun, so we have to use the\n**adverb** form: \nこの車【くるま】は静【しず】か[に]{●}行く。\n\n * だ \nIf we just want to say _\"this car is quiet\"_ , we're making a statement where\nthe \"quiet\" part is the **predicate** , so we have to use the **copula** after\nthe adjective: \nこの車【くるま】は静【しず】か[だ]{●}。\n\n> か\n\nThis is the same thing as the sentence-ending question-mark particle か. This\ncan be used after a phrase to indicate uncertainty or vagueness about that\nphrase.\n\nTo illustrate this, let's look at a contrastive pair of similar constructions.\n\n * 犬【いぬ】かのように振【ふ】る舞【ま】う \nto behave kind of like a dog\n\n * 犬【いぬ】のように振【ふ】る舞【ま】う \nto behave like a dog\n\nOr we could look at a verb construction, as suggested by Chocolate in the\ncomments.\n\n * 春【はる】が来【き】たかのようだ \nIt is kind of like spring has come / it seems that spring may have arrived.\n\n * 春【はる】が来【き】たようだ \nIt is like spring has come / it seems that spring has arrived.\n\nThe か softens the statement and makes it a bit vaguer.\n\n* * *\n\nI hope the above clarifies things for you. Please comment if you have any\nremaining confusion and I or another contributor can edit this post or post\nseparately.\n\n* * *\n\nIncidentally, you might find this related answer useful in your studies.\n\n * [Is よう an adjective or a noun?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69210/is-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-an-adjective-or-a-noun/69212#answer-69212)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T22:10:09.080",
"id": "70435",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T18:41:51.510",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T18:41:51.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "70411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
70411
|
70435
|
70435
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70415",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "speaker doesn't want to trouble her only family member, A, with her tough day\nat work. A however, does notice something wrong.\n\n> 会社での出来事を引きずったままだった私の様子がおかしいと、Aは気付いたようだった。\n\nI find this statement is confusing since it 引きずる isn't used in the passive\nvoice.\n\nin other words: I who was tired out(\"influenced\") by the things that happened\nat work\n\nvs\n\nwhat is actually written: I who \"prolonged\" the incidents at work\n\nThis doesn't really make sense since a lot of bs that was out of the speaker's\ncontrol was thrusted upon her at work.\n\nThanks for any clarifications.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T04:13:15.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70413",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T05:35:52.657",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T04:36:44.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "会社での出来事を引きずったままだった私 passivity",
"view_count": 45
}
|
[
{
"body": "'Schlep' or 'drag' are probably more appropriate here than 'prolong' or\n'influence'.\n\nA noticed that B(?) had a lot on her mind regarding things at work, she had\n'dragged her problems home', rather than 'leaving them at the office'.\n\nAnother sentence in the same vein:\n\n> 日本人が日本語の構文を引きずったまま英語を書くと、しばしば冗長で複雑な英文が生まれる。 When Japanese write in English\n> and drag along Japanese sentence structure, verbose and complicated\n> sentences are created.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T05:35:52.657",
"id": "70415",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70413
|
70415
|
70415
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70419",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out the exact difference in the usage of します and されます.\n\nFor example:\n\n> (something)画面が表示します。 \n> (something screen) will display\n>\n> 画面が表示されます。 \n> (the screen will be displayed)\n\nAnother example:\n\n> This will be deleted.\n>\n> 削除します。 \n> 削除されます。\n\nWhen a person (noun) does something we use します。 \nされます generally means \"it will be done\".\n\nBut in a number of contexts I've seen this used interchangeably.\n\nCan someone clarify? How are 画面が表示します and 画面が表示されます different?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T05:38:54.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70416",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T20:02:52.767",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T12:28:50.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Difference between します and されます",
"view_count": 2016
}
|
[
{
"body": "The basic difference between します and されます is simple; します is active and されます is\npassive (and sometimes honorific).\n\n * 紹介します。 I will introduce (someone to someone).\n * 紹介されます。 I will be introduced (to someone).\n\nHowever, since the subject of a Japanese sentence is often omitted, you may\nfind cases where する and される appear to be interchangeable. For example 保存したファイル\nand 保存されたファイル are usually interchangeable (\"saved file\"). The former literally\nmeans \"a file that someone saved\", and the latter means \"a file that was\nsaved\".\n\nLikewise, 削除します and 削除されます can be used interchangeably in a file delete\nconfirmation dialog:\n\n> 削除します。よろしいですか? \n> [Your operation] will delete [the file]. Proceed?\n>\n> 削除されます。よろしいですか? \n> [The file] will be deleted. Proceed?\n\nBut note that these appear to be interchangeable because the subjects have\nbeen omitted. If there is an explicit subject, [?]ファイルが削除します only means\nsomething weird like \"The file will delete something\", whereas ファイルが削除されます\nmeans \"The file will be deleted\".\n\n表示 is a transitive-only suru-verb, so 画面が表示します normally means \"A display will\nshow something (e.g., a button)\". If you mean \"A screen will show up\", the\nnormal way to say this is 画面が表示されます (literally \"A screen will be shown\").\n\n**Note** : You may find many examples of intransitive 表示, such as メッセージが表示します,\nby googling, but I believe this is nonstandard. On BCCWJ, there are 729\ninstances of `が表示されます` and only 2 instances of `が表示します`. The 2 instances both\nlook weird to me. Many examples of `が表示します` on the net should be machine-\ntranslated ones.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T10:11:00.627",
"id": "70419",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T11:35:21.197",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T11:35:21.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "It seems your context is User interface (UI).\n\nMicrosoft's [Japanese style guide](https://www.microsoft.com/en-\nus/language/StyleGuides) (for UI Localization) offers the following advice:\n\n> In general, use active voice when the agent of action is person (user). Use\n> passive voice when the action is automatically performed by computer from\n> user‘s point of view.\n>\n> Examples:\n>\n> Open the file.\n>\n> `ファイルを開きます。`\n>\n> A dialog box is displayed.\n>\n> `ダイアログボックスが表示されます。`\n>\n> The program will restart the computer after the installation.\n>\n> `インストール後にコンピューターが再起動されます。`\n>\n> `インストール後、プログラムによりコンピューターが再起動されます。`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T20:02:52.767",
"id": "70433",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T20:02:52.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "70416",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70416
|
70419
|
70419
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70421",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having trouble understanding the significance of のも in this sentence:\n\nそう考えるのも当然だ。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T10:21:45.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70420",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T00:23:37.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T00:23:37.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Trouble understanding のも in this sentence",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "そう考えるのも当然だ means “It’s natural for you/him/her/them to think so.”\n\nの makes a verb a noun. In this sentence, そう考えるの is the noun.\n\nそう考えるのは当然だ almost has the same meaning, but there’s little difference.\nそう考えるのは当然だ sounds like the listener doesn’t know or think that it’s natural\nfor you/him/her/them to think so.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T11:11:34.873",
"id": "70421",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T23:55:19.993",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T23:55:19.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "35021",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70420
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70421
|
70421
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70424",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw this sentence in manga and I had trouble with it:\n\n> そういう子なんだってだけで俺が怒ってもどうしようもない\n\nI would like to know how we can translate なんだって in this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T11:53:17.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70423",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T07:45:59.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T13:24:43.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35204",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does なんだって mean in this case? 「そういう子なんだってだけで...」",
"view_count": 990
}
|
[
{
"body": "> そういう子 **なんだって** だけで俺{おれ}が怒{おこ}ってもどうしようもない\n\n「なんだって」 in this sentence is the informal form of 「なのだという」.\n\nThus, in the first half of the sentence, someone is being described as\n「そういう子なんだ/なのだ」 (\" _ **S/he is just that type of kid/person**_.\")\n\nHaving said that, this sentence can still mean _**two**_ different things\nwithout further context. Those are:\n\n> 1. \"S/he is just that type of kid **and** there is no point in me getting\n> angry (about it).\"\n>\n\n> 2. \"There is no point in me getting angry **only because** s/he is that\n> kind of kid.\"\n>\n\nOne of the two should fit the context. There could not be another meaning.\n\n_**Other common usages of 「なんだって」:**_\n\n・Synonymous with 「なんでも」 (\" _ **anything**_ \"). Informal form of 「なんであっても」\n\n「暑{あつ}い！なにか飲{の}み物{もの}ない？飲み物なら **なんだって** いい。」\n\n・Synonymous with 「なぜ」 (\" _ **why**_ \"). Informal form of 「なんだといって」.\n\n「 **なんだって** 一人で夜{よる}に新宿{しんじゅく}なんか行ったの！」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T12:54:26.310",
"id": "70424",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T07:45:59.850",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-17T07:45:59.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "70423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
70423
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70424
|
70424
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70426",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the Japanese word for a leaf blower? I am searching for a kanji term.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T15:02:49.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T17:22:37.953",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T17:22:37.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a kanji term for a leaf blower?",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "ブロワー,ブロアー and 送風機 are used though all of them are not common for people who\ndoesn’t have it.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T16:17:02.490",
"id": "70426",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T16:17:02.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "According to [Amazon\nJapan](https://www.amazon.co.jp/s?k=%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC&__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&ref=nb_sb_noss_1)\nit is `ブロワ` or `ブロワー`。 Sometimes they say `リーフブロワー`.\n\nThere is no difference between `ブロワ` and `ブロワー`. Its just the matter of\npreference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T16:25:41.900",
"id": "70428",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T16:25:41.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35131",
"parent_id": "70425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70425
|
70426
|
70426
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70429",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hi there I was given a couple of exercises, from which I can figure more or\nless the right answer but I can't interpret it totally (I see no logic between\nthe sentences and the possible reply)\n\nFirst one:\n\n> まいばん くにの かぞくに でんわしました\n\nI understand it as:\n\n\"Every night, the family of the country was making a phone call.\"\n\nI don't understand if it's referring to the country population, like in\n\"country music\", the family of someone or someone else.\n\nThe answers are:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Gkdy.png)\n\nSo by using the context (まいばん) I chose the third from top to bottom, but I\ndon't clearly understand it.\n\nSecond sentence:\n\n> このまちには ゆうめいな建物があります\n\n\"This city has a famous building.\"\n\nWith the answers:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DC7nJ.png)\n\nI think the first option is the right one, but only by the ビル word as a\nsynonym, the others are tea, cake and park, but what's the meaning of the\nsentence and the answer?\n\n**UPDATE** \nAs noted by Jarmanso7, the first sentence is in past while the answers are in\npresent. I made a typo when making the post\n\nPosted>\n\n```\n\n まいばん くにの かぞくに でんわしました\n \n```\n\nShould be\n\n```\n\n まいばん くにの かぞくに でんわします\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T16:19:52.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T16:47:28.130",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T16:47:28.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "18124",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Unable to interpret these sentences: 「まいばんくにのかぞくにでんわします」「このまちにはゆうめいな建物があります」",
"view_count": 281
}
|
[
{
"body": "**First sentence**\n\n> まいばん くにの かぞく **に** でんわします。 I call my family at my home country every\n> evening.\n\nFirst of all, the family is not making the call, but someone (probably the\nspeaker, it could be someone else) is making a phone call **to** the family,\nbecause it is marked with the particle に. The particle に marks the goal or\ndestination of the action, in this case, whom the call is made to.\n\n国【くに】の家族【かぞく】 is used to talk about the family you have in your country of\norigin or homeland. Presumably, the speaker is now in a foreign country and\nmakes a phone call to his family who are living at his home country.\n\nYour answer is correct. We know that:\n\n1 - The answer must be either the 1st or the 3rd sentence because they start\nby よる (evening/night), and in the original sentence it is said まいばん (every\nevening). 2nd and 4th don't make sense because they start by あさ (morning).\n\n2 - The answer must be either the 3rd or the 4th sentence because they use いつも\n(always), and in the original sentence it is said まいばん (every evening). If it\nis every evening, then it is always. 1st and 2nd don't make sense because they\nuse ときどき (sometimes).\n\nSo, the only option that is coherent with the time (よる) and the frequency\n(いつも) is the 3rd sentence.\n\n* * *\n\n**Second sentence**\n\n> このまちにはゆうめいな建物があります。 In this city there is a famous building.\n\nYou interpreted the second sentence correctly, although I'd say \"In this city\n**there is** a famous building\" rather than \"this city _has_ a famous\nbuilding\", because the verb ある means \"to exist, to be\". Anyway, the final\nmeaning is the same.\n\nYou are right about the answer, too. It is the first one because it is the\nonly that talks about a building (建物/ビル). The sentence structure is the same\nfor the four options, it just replaces the word ビル by other substantives.\n\nI think you are doing pretty well, just keep learning new vocabulary and you\nwill see how you figure out this kind of exercises more easily.\n\n* * *\n\nAs a reference, I write down how I would translate each sentence so you can\nunderstand them better.\n\n> **よる** は **ときどき** くにのかぞくにでんわします。 **At night** , I **sometimes** call the\n> family at my country.\n>\n> **あさ** は **ときどき** くにのかぞくにでんわします。 **In the morning** , I **sometimes** call\n> the family at my country.\n>\n> **よる** は **いつも** くにのかぞくにでんわします。 **At night** , I **always** call the family\n> at my country.\n>\n> **あさ** は **いつも** くにのかぞくにでんわします。 **In the morning** , I **always** call the\n> family at my country.\n>\n> このまちにはゆうめいな **ビル** があります。 In this city there is a famous **building**.\n>\n> このまちにはゆうめいな **おちゃ** があります。 In this city there is a famous **tea**.\n>\n> このまちにはゆうめいな **ケーキ** があります。 In this city there is a famous **cake**.\n>\n> このまちにはゆうめいな **こうえん** があります。 In this city there is a famous **park**.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T17:04:09.720",
"id": "70429",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T15:38:50.020",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T15:38:50.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "70427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
70427
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70429
|
70429
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70432",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a question about the usage of ちゃわなきゃ with 寝る in the following sentence,\n先週みたいに途中に寝ちゃわなきゃいいけど。\n\nI believe that the ちゃ is for things that must not be done, but I have no clue\nwhat わなきゃ is doing here.\n\nI think the speaker is trying to tell the person she is talking to that he\nmust not fall asleep in the middle of the activity like he did last week. I'm\nnot quite sure what the いいけど may mean here either. I think it is separate from\nちゃわなきゃ but I'm not sure what purpose it serves if someone MUST do something.\nLiterally, it means good but... .\n\nAnyways, if anyone could help me out, I'd appreciate it. I feel that there may\nbe a level of slang here that I cannot grasp.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T19:08:36.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70431",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-04T16:40:43.283",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-04T16:40:43.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"etymology",
"contractions"
],
"title": "How's ちゃわなきゃ working in this sentence?",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "寝ちゃわなきゃ is a very contracted form.\n\nStarting from the fully expanded version, this developed roughly as:\n\n * 寝【ね】てしまわなければ\n * 寝【ね】ちまわなければ\n * 寝【ね】ちゃわなけりゃ\n * 寝【ね】ちゃわなきゃ\n\n~~I presume you understand the ～なければ + いい construction, so I won't explain\nthat here.~~\n\nIn response to your comment. :)\n\n～なければ is what you get from ない + conditional ～ば, and it means \"if ～ isn't the\ncase / if ～ doesn't happen\". So ～なければ + いい means \"it's good if ～ isn't the\ncase / if ～ doesn't happen\". When you're talking to a person, this can\nsometimes be translated as \"you shouldn't do ～\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-29T19:34:34.930",
"id": "70432",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T20:12:18.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T20:12:18.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "70431",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
70431
|
70432
|
70432
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> こんにちは。えっと、今日 **ですね** 、日本についてお聞きしてるんですけど。\n\n今日ですね always sounds a bit funny to me because I keep thinking about it as\n\"it's today, isn't it?\" (and then the answer could be \"well, yes, it's not\nyesterday or tomorrow, so it's today\":-))\n\nWhy didn't the speaker say こんにちは。えっと、 **今日** 、日本についてお聞きしてるんですけど?\n\nWhat's the difference between 今日 and 今日ですね?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T00:12:24.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70436",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T02:32:36.530",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T00:35:42.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"phrases"
],
"title": "The difference between 今日 and 今日ですね",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a rough English equivalent, I would suggest that it's a bit like saying\n\"How about today, huh?\".\n\nIt's fairly common when someone asks you about X to start with \"X ですね。\" in an\nalmost filler-fashion, just like you would say something like \"Oh, about X?\nYeah, speaking about that ...\", so this may just be either responding to or\npreempting the question of \"How's today going?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T02:32:36.530",
"id": "70440",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T02:32:36.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "70436",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70436
| null |
70440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70438",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a manga and am stumped on what this sentence(s) is saying:\n\nロッカーを棲家としているわけでもなく殺人鬼のはずもなく普通の正社員\n\nThe previous sentence talks about someone at work who is like a Grim Reaper.\n\nI don't even know if this is one long sentence or two. Is the first half\ntalking about lockers? or maybe rockers? Is the second half saying something\nlike the grim reaper/other employee (not sure who the subject is as I can't\nparse the sentence) isn't homicidal, but a normal regular employee. I can't\ninfer much as this is literally the second sentence in the manga.\n\nThe sentence following this one states that there is a man called the Grim\nReaper (pretty much the same information as the first sentence).\n\nPlease note, I spelled the katakana as ロッカー but in the manga, it looks more\nlike ロツカー。I couldn't come up with a word for the second one so I think it's\nactually spelled the first way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T00:55:11.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70437",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T02:16:06.783",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T02:13:32.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "35207",
"owner_user_id": "35207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"manga"
],
"title": "trouble translating/parsing sentence with katakana that is confusing",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means he neither lives in a locker nor is a murderer but a normal employee.\n\nIt may be clearer in this way.\n\n> 彼はロッカーを棲家としているわけでもなく殺人鬼のはずもなく普通の正社員だ。\n\nThis is a long sentence. ロッカー means “locker” in this sentence because 棲家 means\na place where someone lives.\n\nPerhaps ッ looked like ツ due to the font.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T02:15:12.687",
"id": "70438",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T02:15:12.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "70437",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Absent other context, I feel the sentence would make most sense if we\ntranslate ロッカー as \"rockers\". (ie, people living the stereotypical rock band\nlifestyle)\n\nI would translate it as something like below:\n\n```\n\n He does not have a rock band for a family nor is he a murderer.\n He's just a regular office worker.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T02:16:06.783",
"id": "70439",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T02:16:06.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7433",
"parent_id": "70437",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
70437
|
70438
|
70438
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Need a clear explanation about the difference between **_お世話になっております_** and\n**_お世話になります_** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T05:45:06.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70444",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T05:15:04.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T06:32:33.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34954",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "difference between お世話になっております and お世話になります。",
"view_count": 1350
}
|
[
{
"body": "お世話になります means \"I(Someone) will be in your care.\". It is the future. For\nexample, 明日からお世話になります。( I will be in your care from tomorrow.)\n\nお世話になっています is present progressive form. It means \"I(Someone) am in your care\nnow\". お世話になっております is a more polite way of お世話になっています.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T11:39:59.827",
"id": "70448",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T16:23:02.747",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T16:23:02.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "70444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "なっております is more formal/polite than なります. Otherwise they can often be used\ninterchangeably (when you want to say \"Thank you\" in the sense that お世話になります\nmeans).\n\nP.S. I downvoted the answer that focused on the present/future, when\nexplicitly wanting to speak about the future, starting with これから continuing\nwith お世話になります sounds natural, but, at least to me, \"これからお世話になっております\" sounds\nweird, so in that sense my downvote may not have been justified. I will try to\ncancel but leave a comment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T13:48:55.743",
"id": "70450",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T05:15:04.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-31T05:15:04.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "70444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
70444
| null |
70448
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently started learning the causative form of a verb combined with the もらう\nor くれる. I am a bit confused on this and would like further clarification as to\nwhether my understanding is correct.\n\nThe 「させて (て form of causative)」+「もらう」 is, if I am not mistaken, a very polite\nform of \"I will do\" in English. This means exactly the same as「する」, with the\nonly difference being the former being polite and the latter casual.\n\n 1. Is my assumption above correct?\n\nNow, if I am to replace「もらう」with「くれる」 (ie: 「させてくれる」),the sentence will then\nbecome \" _Can_ you let me do?\" instead of \"I will do\". If I want to imply the\nformer (in this case \"can you let me do?\") with 「もらう」, it would\nbecome「\"させてもらっていい?\"」. The reasoning behind this is 「くれる」 is really 'asking'\nsomeone for the permission, whereas「もらう」isn't 'asking' for any permission, it\nis just the act of doing.\n\n 2. Is what I have written above correct? \n\nAdding on, if I instead want to say the firmer \"please let me do\", it will\nthen be 「\"(私に)させてください\"」, or the「もらう」form「\"(私に)させてもらってください\"」.\n\n 3. Again, is the above correct?\n\nAnd of course you saw this coming, next will be the「あげる」. 「させてあげる」 means \"I\nwill let you (second person) or someone else (third person) do\". It means the\nsame as「させる」, with the only 2 differences, the first being the action of\nletting someone do is actually in favour of the person receiving it (the\nperson is happy that I let him do, for example: \"I let my son play games (and\nhe is happy because of it)\"), and the second difference, the sentence becomes\nmore explicit. And lastly, if I am to say 「させてあげていい」 instead, it will mean\n\"Can I let you do?\".\n\n 4. Is my understanding on the above paragraph right?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T05:46:29.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70445",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T03:01:07.953",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T14:39:36.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "31222",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causation used with もらう、くれる、あげる",
"view_count": 447
}
|
[
{
"body": "For No1. Yes. I think you are correct.\n\nFor No2. Partially not. Both 「させてもらう」and「させてくれる」are asking for the permission.\n\nThis site [「させてもらう」の敬語表現・使い方と例文・別の敬語表現](https://tap-\nbiz.jp/business/honorific/1040506#num_3920891) explains\n\n> _「させてもらう」も「させてくれる」も相手に許可を取って行動し、その恩恵を受けるという点においては同じ意味を持っています。この両者の違いは「\n> **視点** 」です。誰目線の話なのかに着目してください。_\n\nFor example, you are a guest presenter in the conference and might say to the\norganizer.\n\n> ex) ３０分間話させてもらえますか？ Could I please get 30 minutes to speak.\n\nThis is actually asking for the permission and is focused on **the presenter's\nperspective**.\n\n> ex) ３０分間話させてくれますか？ Let me please speak for 30 minutes.\n\nOn the other hand, this sentence is focused on **the organizer allowing** the\npresenter to speak.\n\nFor No3. 「\"(私に)させてください\"」is explained in No2.\n\nSaying 「\"(私に)させてもらってください\"」 for asking the permission from the opponent is\nwrong since it is saying the opponents receiving the request and at the same\nmoment the speaker getting the request.\n\nSo, it correct if the speaker's advising the opponents to get the permission\nfrom third-party.\n\n> 運営者に話させてもらってください。 (The speaker is advising) You should ask the organizer for\n> the permission to speak (since the speaker cannot give them a permission).\n\nFor No4. I think your understanding is basically correct. However, 「させる」sounds\nmore ordering though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T03:01:07.953",
"id": "70457",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T03:01:07.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
70445
|
70457
|
70457
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70451",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've just heard the phrase [失礼]{しつれい}しなければならないんです (shitsurei shinakereba\nnaranaindesu) used as _Excuse me, I have to leave_. The explanation said it\nliterally translates to _If I don't leave, it won't do_ , but I need help on\nbreaking it down precisely.\n\nWhat does each word mean and how does the grammar work here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T11:39:51.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70447",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-22T08:20:27.577",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-22T08:20:27.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33693",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Break down the phrase \"[失礼]{しつれい}しなければならないんです\"",
"view_count": 1499
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 失礼{しつれい}しなければならない\n\n失礼 (shitsurei) is \"rudeness\".\n\n失礼する (shitsurei suru) is \"to be rude\"\n\n失礼しない (shitsurei shinai) is the negation \"to not be rude\".\n\n失礼しなければ (shitsurei shinakereba) is a conditional form of the above \"If I am\nnot rude\"\n\n失礼しなければならない (shitsurei shinakereba naranai) I'm now sure how to break down\nならない meaningfully but in this context it kind of means \"It's no good\".\n\nSo literally the whole thing means \"If I'm not rude then it's no good\". Really\nyou should think of なければならない (nakerebanaranai) as a unit in its own right.\nThis attaches to the negative form of the predicate and means \"must do\"/\"have\nto do\" etc, which is the logical implication of the expansion \"If I don't do,\nthen it's no good\".\n\nOverall then, the sentence means \"I have to be rude\", which is what you might\nsay if you were leaving.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T14:01:15.937",
"id": "70451",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T14:01:15.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "70447",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "**① Grammar pattern**\n\nThe grammar pattern used here is:\n\n> V(ない form, and drop the い) + なければならない\n\nwhich means \"must V\", where V is any verb in the plain negative form (ending\nin ない) . First drop the い and then add なけらばならない\n\n> 食【た】べない → 食【た】べな →食【た】べなけらばならない。\"Must eat\".\n>\n> 行【い】かない → 行【い】かな → 行【い】かなければならない。\"Must go\".\n>\n> 散歩【さんぽ】しない→ 散歩【さんぽ】しな → 散歩【さんぽ】しなければならない。\"Must stroll\".\n\n* * *\n\n**② The meaning of 失礼【しつれい】する**\n\n失礼【しつれい】する means \"to be rude\", but in some situations it also means \"goodbye\"\nor \"to leave\". For sure, this meaning comes from the fact that leaving someone\nmay be considered rude, no doubt here, but I would think of it as a set phrase\nto say goodbye. In fact, when Japanese people end a phone call in a formal\nsituation, they use 失礼【いつれい】します as a farewell word.\n\n* * *\n\n**③ 〜んです**\n\nJust for the sake of completeness, this grammar attached at the end of the\nsentences has several usages, in this sentence it adds the nuance of \"the fact\nis...\". There are many explanations in this in this site, for example [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44012/32952).\n\n* * *\n\nTherefore, according to the points ① , ② and ③, the original sentence can be\ntranslated as\n\n> Excuse me, the fact is that I have to leave.\n\nas you pointed out. Breaking it down:\n\na) The \"have to\" part corresponds to the conjugation なければならない as explained at\n①.\n\nb) The \"leave\" part corresponds to the meaning of 失礼【しつれい】 as explained at ②.\n\nc) The \"Excuse me\" part, though not appearing explicitly, is present in the\nfact that \"to excuse oneself\" is an idiom that can convey \"to leave\" in a\npolite way, both in English and in Japanese, as\n[desseim](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/4533/desseim) pointed out\nin a [comment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/70447/break-down-\nthe-phrase-shitsurei-shinakereba-naranaindesu#comment118778_70453).\n\nd) The \"the fact is\" part corresponds to the final 〜んです (see ③).\n\nAs a conclusion, I agree with [user3856370's\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/70451/32952) that\n\n> Really you should think of なければならない (nakerebanaranai) as a unit in its own\n> right.\n\nIt will make it easier to wrap your head around this grammar point.\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T15:29:47.053",
"id": "70453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-01T14:33:38.547",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "70447",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
70447
|
70451
|
70451
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A textbook I am reading through provided the following explanation of ～を問わず:\n\n> ～がどうかは問題なく、どれにも同じことが言える。\n\nI understand the basic idea of what this means because I've read English\nexplanations of を問わず but I do not understand the structure of the Japanese\nexplanation and would not have been able to generate it on my own.\n\n 1. In the first part, 問題 is the subject of なく and が was omitted because it is such a common expression (as least I think that is true). If that is the case, what is the first が being used for? Why does it not require a verb?\n\n 2. Was it necessary to include は after どうか or could it have been understood (in the same was as が and を can often be understood in expressions like ～かどうか知らない and ～かどうか構わない).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T14:07:55.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70452",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T15:57:48.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammar of ～がどうかは問題ない",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, I want to make sure that everyone understands that in both:\n\n> 「～ **を** 問{と}わず」 and\n>\n> 「～ **が** どうかは問題なく、どれにも同じことが言える。」,\n\nthe 「～」 part will always be a noun or noun phrase.\n\nBoth mean \" **regardless of (noun)** \" even though the latter obviously sounds\nexplanatory.\n\nNow, let us pick an actual noun to replace the \"～\" so that things will\nhopefully become clearer. The nouns often used in 「～を問わず」 in help-wanted ads,\nfor instance, include 「年齢{ねんれい}」、「経験{けいけん}」、「学歴{がくれき}」, etc.\n\n> 「年齢を問わずご応募{おうぼ}ください」 = \"Please apply regardless of age.\"\n\nI presume that you have no problem with that phrase.\n\n「年齢 **を** 問わず」 means:\n\n「年齢 **が** どうか（＝何歳{なんさい}か） **は** 問題なく、どれ（＝どんな年齢の人）にも同じことが言える」\n\nHope you are following me so far. That literally means \" **What the age (of\nthe person) is is no problem, it (= the job applications) can be said about\npeople of all ages**.\"\n\n> 1. In the first part, 問題 is the subject of なく and が was omitted because it\n> is such a common expression (as least I think that is true). If that is the\n> case, what is the first が being used for? Why does it not require a verb?\n>\n\nI'll be honest; I see serious comprehension problems here.\n\nThe subject is _**not**_ 「問題」; It is 「～がどうか」 and the predicate is 「問題なく」.\nPlease remember that 「～がどうか」 functions as a noun. 「は」 is, of course, the topic\nmarker.\n\nThe 「が」 cannot be omitted because the whole phrase 「～がどうか」 forms a noun\nphrase. The 「が」 is the subject marker within the little phrase 「～がどうか」 (\"how\n(something) is\").\n\n「問題なく」 is the 連用形 of 「問題ない」. You do not need a verb to form a predicate, do\nyou? 「この花は赤い。」 is a perfectly grammatical sentence without a single verb in\nit.\n\n> 2. Was it necessary to include は after どうか or could it have been\n> understood (in the same was as が and を can often be understood in\n> expressions like ～かどうか知らない and ～かどうか構わない).\n>\n\nThe 「は」 is necessary because this is written Japanese, not informal spoken\nlanguage. You should not compare this with 「～かどうか知らない」 or 「～かどうか構わない」 when\nthose are the entire sentences.\n\nThe sentence in question is much longer with 「どれにも同じことが言える」 in the second half\nand the 連用形 in mid-sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T15:57:48.780",
"id": "70454",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T15:57:48.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "70452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70452
| null |
70454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The company A (client company) needs to add more people than they have to\ntheir workforce in order to get a project done, so they make an agreement with\na company B (consultancy, temporary employment agency, etc) that provides the\nextra people they don't have.\n\nThose contractors from the company B work alongside other people at the\ncompany A, doing the same tasks and under the same premises, but they have a\ncontract with the company B so they are not employees of A.\n\nHow do you call such people? I think the word in English is contractor. I have\nlooked up its Japanese translation in dictionaries and they translate it as\n業者. However it seems to be related to jobs like traders or real estate agents,\nso I'm not sure it is the word I'm looking for. Is 業者 the right term to label\nthe people described in the scenario above (regardless of the industry) or\nthere is a more appropriate term?\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T17:45:38.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70455",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T21:24:17.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-30T19:36:02.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the correct term for \"contractor\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 522
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you work at the Company A but have an agreement with the Company B, the\nfollowing are the good terms.\n\n> * `[派遣]{はけん}`\n> * `[派遣社員]{はけんしゃいん}`\n>\n\n`しゃいん` means `workforce` here.\n\nThough if you work at the Company A as a contractor, you are called:\n\n> * `[契約]{けいやく}`\n> * `[契約社員]{けいやくしゃいん}`\n>\n\nIn the first example, you could be either an employee (`[正]{せい}社員`) or a\ncontractor(`契約社員`) in the company B.\n\nBy the way, `業者` means the people who run the business. You can say traders or\nreal estate agents are `業者`.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-30T20:50:37.197",
"id": "70456",
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"parent_id": "70455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
70455
|
70456
|
70456
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70469",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the difference in usage between these two godan and\nintransitive verbs :\n\n> 闘う{たたかう}\n>\n> 戦う{たたかう}\n\nWhen is one chosen over the other? Is 戦う more related to the _war_ and 闘う to\nthe _fight_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T13:30:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-01T07:30:21.420",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-31T15:42:55.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference in usage between 闘う and 戦う?",
"view_count": 996
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to **The Kodansha Kanji Usage Guide** dictionary:\n\n戦う has these meanings:\n\n 1. wage war, fight\n 2. contest, contend, play a match [game]\n\nAnd 闘う is:\n\n(struggle with) fight (against), contend with, strive against\n\nThe following examples are given:\n\n敵と戦うfight one's enemy\n\n議論を戦わす have a discussion\n\n正正堂堂と戦おう Let's play the game fairly\n\n闘い struggle, conflict\n\n困難と闘う contend with difficulties\n\nSanseido’s\n[Daijirin](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%A6%E3%81%86%E3%83%BB%E9%97%98%E3%81%86-320275)\nhas this notice:\n\n> 「戦う」は“戦争する。勝ち負けを争う”の意。「敵国と戦う」「選挙で戦う」「優勝をかけて戦う」\n> 「闘う」は“困難などを克服しようとする”の意。「労使が闘う」「難病と闘う」「暑さと闘う」〔ともに「格闘する・争う」意で用法も似ているが、「戦う」の方をより広義に用い、「闘う」は「格闘する」意に限定して、比較的小さな争いに用いられることが多い。また、比喩的に、見えないものとの精神的な争いにも「闘う」を用いる〕\n\nSo it seems that 戦う is more suitable in military, sports or political contexts\n(win or lose against an opponent) and 闘う in the context of struggling with or\novercoming difficulties.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-01T07:22:54.917",
"id": "70469",
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"score": 6
}
] |
70459
|
70469
|
70469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70461",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is a phrase:\n\n> ねだんが たかいレストランは あまり すきじゃない\n>\n> I don't like high price restaurant very much\n\nNow, the questions.\n\n 1. If I used **たかいねだん レストラン** , would it be wrong? Or would mean something different?\n 2. The が particle indicates what is high/tall in the restaurant, right? This will always be indicated with a が particle?\n 3. If I take away the **ねだんが** will the phrase then become something like: \"I don't like tall restaurant very much\"?\n\nDisclaimer: I'm still learning Kanji, so if possible, please add kana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T14:28:03.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-31T17:07:59.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35198",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"adjectives",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Questions about Noun+が+Adjective",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your sentence:\n\n> 値段{ねだん}が高{たか}いレストランはあまり好{す}きじゃない。\n\nHave you come across the concept of a **relative clause** yet? Look this up.\nIn English nouns are modified by adjectives. In Japanese nouns can also be\nmodified by entire clauses. In this case 値段が高い is a sentence/clause in its own\nright with the meaning \"the price is high\". This is the relative clause here\nand it is used to modify the noun レストラン. So 値段が高いレストラン means \"a restaurant\n**where** the price is high\".\n\n> If I used たかいねだん レストラン, would it be wrong?\n\nYes it would be wrong because たかいねだん is a noun phrase and レストラン is a noun. You\ncannot put two nouns/noun phrases next to each other. But you know that you\ncan modify a noun with another noun using の, right? So たかいねだん **の** レストラン\nwould be grammatical. I'm not a native speaker so I'm not sure how natural\nthat would be though.\n\n> The が particle indicates what is high/tall in the restaurant, right? This\n> will always be indicated with a が particle?\n\nThere is a rule that (most of the time) in a relative clause you can only mark\nthe subject by が (or の) and not by は. In relative clauses が can be replaced by\nの.\n\n> If I take away the ねだんが will the phrase then become something like: \"I don't\n> like tall restaurant very much\"?\n\nIt could do but that would be an unusual thing to say. 高いレストランはあまり好きじゃない\nwithout any further context is ambiguous. It could mean that you don't like\nrestaurants where the food is expensive, you don't like restaurants that you\ncan't afford to buy, or, as you said, you don't like restaurants which are\ntall. Context is key in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T15:05:55.253",
"id": "70461",
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{
"body": "1. Yes, it would be grammatically incorrect. `たかい[値段]{ねだん} の レストラン` would be the grammatically correct equivalent (notice the `の` particle).\n\n 2. First look at `[値段]{ねだん}がたかい` separately : it means \"The price(s) is/are high\". `が` [marks the subject](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8C#Particle) of a sentence in Japanese. By the way yes, `[値段]{ねだん}がたかい` **is** a sentence, even though you may notice there isn't any verb per se : a Japanese sentence doesn't need a verb like an English one does (furthermore, Japanese adjectives can be considered [some kind of a verb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stative_verb)).\n\nThe structure encountered here is the one of a relative clause, similar to the\nones built with `which` for example in English. Consider the English _literal_\ntranslation :\n\n> I don't like restaurants of which the prices are high.\n\nIt's made up of 2 sentences : `I don't like restaurants` and `The prices are\nhigh`, linked semantically together through `of which` (or more naturally\n`where`).\n\nThe Japanese sentence is similar, it's made up of `レストランはあまり[好き]{すき}じゃない` and\n`[値段]{ねだん}がたかい` (direct literal translation of the 2 above English clauses).\n\nNow, in Japanese, these 2 clauses are linked by putting the 2nd one in front\nof the noun it qualifies (here, `レストラン`).\n\nSo : `[値段]{ねだん}がたかい` → `The prices are high` ; `[値段]{ねだん}がたかいレストラン` →\n`Restaurants of which / where the prices are high`.\n\nNote that in the relative clause, subject-marking `が` particle is sometimes\nreplaced by the `の` particle. In this example :\n`[値段]{ねだん}のたかいレストランはあまり[好き]{すき}じゃない` would be a complete equivalent, with the\nsame meaning.\n\nAlso note that, if the relative clause ends with a noun or a na-adjective for\nexample, there could be an additional particle (for example,\n`[周り]{まわり}が[静か]{しずか}なレストランは[好き]{すき}` / `I like restaurants of which the\nsurroundings are calm` -- notice the `な` between the 2 clauses), but the\nconstruction is the same : the relative clause is put directly in front of its\nnoun antecedent.\n\nI suggest you check [the wikipedia\nexplanation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause#Japanese), it does\na good job at showing how relative clauses are, in a way, \"adjectified\"\nsentences in Japanese.\n\n 3. Yes and no. Grammatically, `[高い]{たかい}レストランはあまり[好き]{すき}じゃない` is correct, and could mean both \"I don't like expensive restaurants\" or \"I don't like high / tall restaurants\".\n\nIt will mostly depend on context (e.g. the discussion it fits in). Note that,\nthough, \"high restaurants\" is quite an unnatural expression and I think not\nvery clear of what is meant, and that would be the same in Japanese. If \"a\nrestaurant situated high above the ground / high in a building / in a tall\nbuilding\" is meant, just as it would be mentioned more specifically in\nEnglish, it would also be in Japanese (unless the context has already\nexplicitly established what is meant by `たかい`). So in this particular example,\nand without further context, `たかいレストラン` would most likely be interpreted as\n\"an expensive restaurant\".\n\n`[値段]{ねだん}がたかいレストラン` has the advantage of being more specific, and of teaching\nyou of relative clauses in Japanese ;)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T16:17:23.653",
"id": "70462",
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70460
|
70461
|
70461
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70521",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the 奈 in 神奈川県 mean? I saw the term listed as what on Jisho. One\nperson sent me the definition of an altar and others say that it has no\nmeaning just a sound.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-31T18:36:17.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "70465",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-03T23:47:20.950",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-01T11:24:21.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does the 奈 in 神奈川県 mean?",
"view_count": 354
}
|
[
{
"body": "I adopt the hypothesis in the site [神奈川県 - 地名由来辞典](http://chimei-\nallguide.com/14/000.html).\n\n_この地に水源地が解からない川があり、「上無川（かみなしがわ）」と呼ばれていたため「神奈川」になったとする説。_ \" _There were the\nriver with the water source was unknown called 上無川{かみなしがわ} changed into\n神奈川{かながわ}._ \"\n\nAnd my hypothesis is there were not so many rivers in the past. Therefore,\nthey were often seeking the water source and found it important things. Then I\nhave decided to look up the number of rivers by prefectures.\n\nAccording to the site [数字で見る「日本の自然資源」月刊事業構想\n編集部](https://www.projectdesign.jp/201612/natural-treasure/003272.php),\n\nThere are rankings in the page:\n**_日本全国で川の数は、35,260に上り、一級河川の総延長＊は88,000kmに及ぶ_**. 神奈川 is ranked No6 from the\nbottom in it. 石川 is No5 from the bottom. 香川 is No2 from the bottom.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K7aTx.jpg)\n\n一級河川の指定区間と指定区間外の合計数値 出典）国土交通省、一級河川の河川延長等調 ＊都道府県別（平成27年4月30日現在)\n\nAnd looking up the origin of [香川県 - 地名由来辞典](http://chimei-\nallguide.com/37/000.html)\n_古来より雨量が少なく、夏期に水枯れする河川が多かったことから、「かれかわ（枯川）」が転じて「かがわ」になったとする説。_ Since long time\nago, the amount of water is small. Therefore, there were many rivers dried up\nin the summer. Probably 「かれかわ（枯川）」: _dried river_ changed into 香川{かがわ} because\nof that.\n\n石川県 seems a little bit different [石川県 - 地名由来辞典](http://chimei-\nallguide.com/17/000.html). _県最大の河川である「手取川」は、上流から石を多く流すことから通称「石川」と言った。_.\n手取川{てどりがわ}, the largest river in the prefecture. Since it sheds many stones\nfrom upstream, it has changed so-called 石川{いしかわ} according to the [wikipedia :\n手取川](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%8F%96%E5%B7%9D) This time, the\nriver was violent and needed to be paid attention.Prpbably That's why the\nriver was called like that.\n\nFor 神奈川, I guess you can't pick up only 奈{な} kanji element. Hence 神奈{かな} is at\nleast an ateji in 神奈川{かながわ}.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-03T23:33:10.793",
"id": "70521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-03T23:47:20.950",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-03T23:47:20.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "70465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
70465
|
70521
|
70521
|
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