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{
"accepted_answer_id": "71974",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If we take the word パーティ, why is テ pronounced as \"ti\" when in the katakana\nalphabet it is pronounced \"te.\" Also, why is ィ small? If it was normal sized,\nwouldn't the pronunciation of the word be the same?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T02:02:38.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71971",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T05:34:27.830",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T05:34:27.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why is テ pronounced as “ti” in パーティ?",
"view_count": 2025
}
|
[
{
"body": "Besides only giving out an explanation, it might be better to state about some\nJapanese background first.\n\nSome Japanese come from two types of language: Chinese and English (or French,\nSpanish, etc...). Here by saying \"come from\", I mean that these words might be\n\"borrowed from\" other languages due to some reasons.\n\n 1. For those words that might come from Chinese, they usually have a corresponding kanji besides only hiragana, and the pronunciations are similar to Chinese. For example: 単語（たんご）、日本（にほん）、お茶（おちゃ）、郵便局（ゆうびんきょく）\n\n 2. For those words come from those languages other than Chinese （外来語）, they usually address these in katakana instead of hiragana. They usually don't have a corresponding kanji. Also, due to the lack of alphabets in Japanese, they create some expressions for more correctly address these words. For example: パーティー（party）、フォルダ（folder）\n\nThe second one is what you're confusing about. Take the word party as\nexplanation, テshould be pronounced as te originally. However, the alphabet\nfollowing with テ is in a lowercase (ィ） instead of uppercase（イ）. Thus, in this\ncase, the pronunciation becomes ti（ティ）. If it is written in a uppercase, you\nshould pronounce it as te- （長音 is another story, try to Google yourself if you\nare not familiar with it.）\n\nHow to distinguish when to pronounce it as which one? You can just check the\nsize of the word that follow with it. If it is a lowercase, you should always\nspeak it with the former alphabet. Like the above フォルダ's ォ, so it's not\nふおるだ(fuoruda), but ふぉるだ(foruda).\n\nIn the case that you speak English, just try to figure out what it's\ncorresponding English word. Then you'll know which one it should be and\npronounce it in a Japanese way XD. ( You can cut down a lot of vocabularies\nyou need to memorize by this way.)\n\nBy the way, those vocabularies originated from Chinese has two kinds of\npronunciations (by 音読み or by 訓読み). The former has a similar pronunciation as\nit is in Chinese which is my native language so I'm sure it is xddd) It is\nalso another story and you can try to know it in your way for learning\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T05:16:16.427",
"id": "71973",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T09:41:59.623",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T09:41:59.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "18471",
"owner_user_id": "18471",
"parent_id": "71971",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "How do you pronounce _th_ in _the_? Not a _t_ sound and then an _h_ sound,\nright? You read it as one sound (the [voiced dental\nfricative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative)). Well, it's\na similar concept. It's not テ＋イ. It's ティ, with a small ィ, and together they\nread as \"ti\". Actually, テイ (regular sized イ) could be \"te\" with an elongated\n\"e\" sound, or it could be \"te\" + \"i\". I don't want to get into that, but\nbasically they're not pronounced the same, as you initially suspected.\n\nRegardless, it's not unique to this pair. From\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana#Syllabary_and_orthography),\n\n> Small versions of the five vowel kana are sometimes used to represent\n> trailing off sounds (ハァ haa, ネェ nee), but in katakana they are more often\n> used in yōon-like extended digraphs designed to represent phonemes not\n> present in Japanese; examples include チェ (che) in チェンジ chenji (\"change\"), ファ\n> (fa) in ファミリー famirī (\"family\") and ウィ (wi) and ディ (di) in ウィキペディア\n> Wikipedia.\n\nI didn't quickly find a duplicate, but here's a somewhat similar question:\n[Why is じどうしゃ (jidoushiya), jidōsha\ninstead?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50297/11792)\n\nOne of the answers makes reference to the following:\n\n> Additional Letters [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BcCww.png)\n>\n> * These additional letters are invented in modern era to describe the\n> sound of foreign languages.\n>\n\n>\n> Examples \n> ファ[fa] ティ[ti] ドゥ[du] ウェ[we] フォ[fo]\n>\n> * ァ, ィ, ゥ, ェ and ォ(small ア[a] イ[i] ウ[u] エ[e] オ[o]) are attached after\n> particular letters.\n>\n\n>\n> Examples \n> ヴァ[va] ヴィ[vi] ヴ[vu] ヴェ[ve] ヴォ[vo]\n>\n> * ヴ is used for [v] sound.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T05:45:26.727",
"id": "71974",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T06:21:48.500",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T06:21:48.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "11792",
"parent_id": "71971",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
71971
|
71974
|
71974
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71976",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I believe I roughly understand the difference in meaning between the two.\nHowever, as far as I can tell, they have the same pitch accent - 大辞林 lists\nthem both as being [0], ie 平板. Would context always dictate which 「いじょう」 is\nbeing used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T04:04:41.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71972",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T11:40:54.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35014",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "How to differentiate between 異常 and 異状 in speech？",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [「異常」と「異状」 | ことば（放送用語） - 放送現場の疑問・視聴者の疑問 |\nNHK放送文化研究所](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/166.html), the\nsite explains\n\n> Q.「（健康診断で）イジョウがない」という場合、「異常」と「異状」のうち、どちらの漢字を使えばよいでしょうか。\n\n_In case, \"there is nothing wrong in health check\", which kanji_「異常」or「異状」\n_should I use to describe it?_\n\n> A. 「診断結果は **異常** なし」など、「 **異常** 」を用います。\n\n_\" There is nothing wrong in health check\", etc. We use_「 **異常** 」 _for it._\n\nThey follow\n\n> 「異常」は「正常」の対をなすことば・対語です。「～な発達、～な執念、信号機の～」など「正常でない、普通でない」という意味で一般的に使います。\n\n「異常」is a pair of words, antonym of「正常」. In general, it is used like「異常な発達 :\nunexpected development、異常な執念 : aberrant tenacity 、信号機の異常 : malfunction of\ntraffic light」, etc.\n\nFor 「異状」,\n\n>\n> 一方、「異状」は「ふだんの状態と違った様子」を示す語で、医師法の「異状死体」（第２１条[異状死体等の届出義務]）や「西部戦線異状なし」（ドイツの小説家レマルクの作品名）など限定的に使います。また、警備員の巡回報告などの際に使われる「イジョーナシ！」は「異状なし！」を用います。\n\nWhereas 「異状」is used to describe \"The state different from as usual.\". It is\nused restrictively like abnormal corpse, _\" All quiet on the western front\"_ *\nor the expression「異状{イジョー}なし！」is used when guardsman describing the patrol\nreport. *The literal translation of \"Im Westen nichts Neues\" is \"In the West\nNothing New,\" according to the\n[wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front)\n\nThe same site explains the pair of words is defined by \"日本新聞協会の『新聞用語集\n2007年版』「表記の原則」\".\n\n>\n> ＝異常[一般用語。正常の対語、アブノーマル。名詞・形容動詞]異常乾燥､異常気象、異常事態、異常な行動、異常に緊張、異常発生、エンジンに異常、診断結果は異常なし\n>\n> ＝異状[限定用語。普通と違った状態。名詞]異状死（体）＜医師法＞、西部戦線異状なし（レマルクの作品名）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T07:04:02.403",
"id": "71976",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T07:04:02.403",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "71972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As you already know, 異常 is _abnormal_ and 異状 is closer to _unusual_ , but the\nlatter is a relatively uncommon word used in limited situations. Unless your\njob is related to military or security, you usually don't have to worry about\n異状 in speech. In addition, the meanings of these words are close enough, and I\ndoubt this pair can result in misunderstanding in speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T11:40:54.653",
"id": "71984",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T11:40:54.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "71972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
71972
|
71976
|
71976
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71980",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "X went on a mission, the speaker just appeared in scene as well.\n\n> x 「出陣は久々だなぁ・・・ふふっ、なんだか気分が高揚するよ」\n>\n> 手勢を連れて村へ様子を見に行っていたXが戻ってきて、俺に声を掛けてくる。\n>\n> 突然自らも同行すると言い出して聞かず、さらにXの希望で俺まで連れ出されたのだ。\n\nさらにXの希望で俺まで連れ出されたのだ。 is indicating that the speaker was dragged here because\nof X's wishes as an extra reason.\n\nWithout this knowledge, if the sentence were cut off at\n\n> 突然自らも同行すると言い出して聞かず---\n\nWho is doing 言い出して and 聞かず seems to be hard to determine. Even knowing the 2nd\nhalf of the sentence I'm not sure, because no passive forms are used.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T06:05:39.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71975",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-22T02:31:34.940",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-22T02:31:34.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "performers of actions in 自らも同行すると言い出して聞かず",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "At most **4** different people can be involved in the phrase:\n\n> ( **A** は)突然自らも( **B** に)同行すると( **C** に)言い出して( **D** の言うことを)聞かず\n>\n> **A** suddenly said to **C** that himself/herself would go with **B** , not\n> hearing what **D** said\n\nWhat is true is that A is the one 同行する (go together), 言い出す (say/propose), and\n聞かない (not hear/ignore). What is also true is that A is not B, nor C, nor D.\nHowever, without more detailed context, it is difficult to specify who A is.\nSpecifying who B, C, D are is even more difficult.\n\nOne possible scenario is that:\n\n> A = X (A is X).\n>\n> B = C ≠ the speaker (B and C are the same person and not the speaker).\n>\n> D ≠ the speaker, D = ? (D is not the speaker but it is difficult to specify\n> who D is).\n\nThis leads to the following:\n\n> (Xは)突然自らも同行すると(Bに)言い出して(Dの言うことを)聞かず\n>\n> X suddenly said to B that himself/herself would go with him/her, not hearing\n> what D said\n\nWith the context provided, my guess is that there is a military officer B\nwhose rank is higher than or equal to X, which coincides with @kimiTanaka's\ncomment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T08:04:49.527",
"id": "71978",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T08:31:11.900",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35390",
"parent_id": "71975",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It can be parsed more easily if you know that:\n\n> ～と聞かない \n> ～と言って聞かない\n\nand their variations are an idiomatic expression to mean \"stubbornly persist\nthat --\", literally \"saying that -- and don't listen\". 聞かず is the proper\ncontinuative form (中止法) of 聞かない (you can use neither 聞かないで nor 聞かなくて here).\n\nIt chiefly describes that one insists on something because of personal or\nemotional reasons. In a situation somebody makes a formal argument, 譲らない fits\nmuch better than 聞かない.\n\nAnyway, there is only one actor assignable in this clause. Since last\nsentence's subject is X, and no explicit subject introduced in this part, it\nwill be naturally X.\n\n> 突然自らも同行すると言い出して聞かず、… \n> _X suddenly started to insist strongly that s/he would go as well, ..._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T08:39:49.197",
"id": "71980",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T08:39:49.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "71975",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
71975
|
71980
|
71980
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71986",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the word 「変化」 meaning \"change, alteration\". I already know the\nword 「変更」 that means \"change\" as well. What is the difference between both\nterms?\n\nI found a related question where they discuss [変わる vs\n変化](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54638/32952), but they say nothing on\n変更。\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T07:31:25.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71977",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T11:45:32.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「変更」 and 「変化」?",
"view_count": 3489
}
|
[
{
"body": "変更 specifically refers to a human-caused update/modification of a plan,\nproject, document, destination, etc. 変化 refers to change in general.\n\nAs suru-verbs, 変更する is transitive, and 変化する is intransitive.\n\nFor example, you can say 季節の変化 but not 季節の変更. You can say 計画を変更する but not\n計画を変化する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T11:45:32.807",
"id": "71986",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T11:45:32.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "71977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
71977
|
71986
|
71986
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71983",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found an excellent Q&A addressing the [differences between 食料 and\n食品](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12167/32952). However, I don't know\nhow the word 食料品 relates to 食料 and 食料品. I guess that 食品 is just a short form\nfor 食料品, just as 警官 is a short form of 警察官. Is that right, or there is a\ndifference between 食料品 and 食品?\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T08:18:12.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71979",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T12:52:10.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T11:11:41.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Is 「食品」 a shorter synonym of「食料品」or there is a difference in meaning between both words?",
"view_count": 397
}
|
[
{
"body": "食品, 食料品 and 食料 (食糧) all potentially have same referents, but the circumstances\nwhere you see those words are significantly different. If I restate their\nconcepts in clearer phrases:\n\n * 食品: items for you to eat\n * 食料品: items for you to buy and eat\n * 食料: resources to sustain lives\n\n**食品** is probably the word that covers broadest meaning to generally refer to\nfoodstuffs, as when you abstractly imagine or discuss \"food\", this is what you\nmean. But in everyday situations, it mostly means final, or near-final\nproducts that are ingestible with at the most a processing you can do at your\nhome's kitchen. Food used as an ingredient of cooked meal is called 食材, in\nparticular.\n\n**食料品** is best translated as _grocery_. Foods on the store shelves. Though\nit's a [hyponym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy) of 食品,\nwe use this one more in this specific sense. Imaginably, we rarely say\n食料品を食べる, because, you know, it makes me think of [such kind of\nact](https://www.today.com/food/it-ok-eat-groceries-store-buying-\nthem-t147017).\n\n**食料** or 食糧† is from a more survivalistic perspective. Food as material to\nkeep you alive or working, as if fuel for human. In the situation you say 食料,\ncategories of food are usually irrelevant; only the amount matters. When we\nsay 食品問題, it may mean food safety or food waste and such things, but 食料問題\nalmost solely refers to concerns of food supply capacity. For this reason, the\ntranslation of \"food\" you see in games such as _Fallout_ or _Age of Empires_\nis always 食料.\n\nBy the way, we have a native word 食べ物, which can cover all of their usages.\n\n* * *\n\n† It may need a little explanation. 食料 and 食糧 were originally different words,\nthat had separate entries in pre-WWII dictionaries with different kana\nspellings, [しよくれう and しよくりやう](http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/863253/1137).\nHowever, as the result of kanji restriction, 食糧 has been officially to be\nrespelled as 食料, and largely taken over the word form. What I describe in this\nparagraph is what 食糧 used to mean. Nowadays, kanji restriction is more and\nmore loosened, so that the spelling 食糧 is also used at large, but 食料 still\nremains an alternative spelling of 食糧, as its original usage has mostly\nmigrated to 食料品.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T11:09:47.757",
"id": "71983",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T12:52:10.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T12:52:10.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "71979",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
71979
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71983
|
71983
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71985",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How did each term come to be represented by the same kanji 「象」?\n\nI assume there's no connection between both meanings beyond sharing the same\nkanji because they look so different to me, but I'm not sure. Maybe their\nmeanings are somehow connected in a way I can't figure out?\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T09:14:19.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71981",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T02:12:41.923",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T02:12:41.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "How did 象【しょう】 ( ≈かたち、 すがた、ようす) and 象【ぞう】 (どうぶつ) get to be written with the same kanji?",
"view_count": 897
}
|
[
{
"body": "To start off, the _kanji_ 「象」is uncontroversially derived from a picture of an\nelephant, directly referring to the word「[象]{ぞう}」.\n\n`[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FNbhH.png) \n[前](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)3・31.3 \n[合集10222](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=10222&jgwfl=)``[西周](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou) \n[金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yS4C8.png) \n師湯父鼎 \n[集成2780](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=2780&jgwfl=)``[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J6f6Z.png) \n為吏之道17 \n[睡虎地秦簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuihudi_Qin_bamboo_texts)``今 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oIYSH.png) \n \n`\n\nIn Ancient China, people would frequently run into a problem: _there weren't\nenough unique characters to express all the different spoken words!_ When\nrunning into this problem, people did one of the following:\n\n 1. Create a brand new character;\n 2. Modify an existing character (which also creates a new character);\n 3. Repurpose an existing character for some (but not all) of its aspects, ignoring its other aspects.\n\nEmploying method (3) and specifically utilising a character's _sound_ aspect,\nwhile ignoring the character's _meaning_ aspect, is known as [_rebus\nborrowing_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_classification#Rebus_\\(phonetic_loan\\)_characters).\nThis leads on to two groups of unrelated words represented by the\ncharacter「象」([Baxter-Sagart\nOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart_\\(2014\\)):\n**/*s-[d]aŋʔ/** ):\n\n 1. _Elephant_ 「[象]{ぞう}」\n 2. _Image, appearance, phenomenon_ 「[象]{しょう}」. Some (probable) cognates: \n * 「[像]{ぞう}」( **/*s.[d]aŋʔ/** ; _form, image_ )\n * 「[相]{そう}」( **/*[s]aŋ/** ; _to observe_ > _appearance_ )\n\n* * *\n\n「[象]{ぞう}」and「[象]{しょう}」have different pronunciations in Japanese because the\nword for _elephant_ was imported from Chinese at a different time than the\nword for _image/appearance/phenomenon_. Chinese itself largely did not make\nthis distinction.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T11:43:57.793",
"id": "71985",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T00:56:18.553",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T00:56:18.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "71981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
] |
71981
|
71985
|
71985
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71989",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a term for vaping? The use of flavored type devices for vaping. I\nfound the word denki tabako for the device. I was wondering what the verb\nwould be. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T12:28:57.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71987",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T14:42:56.437",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T14:42:56.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese verb for vaping?",
"view_count": 2183
}
|
[
{
"body": "'To vape' is 電子タバコを吸う\n\nThe noun\n[電子タバコ](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E3%82%BF%E3%83%90%E3%82%B3)\nliterally means electronic cigarette and the verb\n[吸う](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%90%B8%E3%81%86) has many meanings aside (not\njust smoking), it can also mean to inhale, breathe, suck etc.\n\n* * *\n\nThis Japanese game (はぁって言うゲーム) has a card that shows how versatile the 吸う verb\nis (funnily enough, none of which involve smoking).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CRK3n.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T13:59:18.313",
"id": "71989",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T14:31:57.753",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T14:31:57.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "71987",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
71987
|
71989
|
71989
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> ドアの音に驚いた **のか** 、軽く上体がかしいだ\n\na door opens, and there is a character, whose upper body is slightly bent\nforward, startled by the door's sound.\n\nI think `の` just nominalize `ドアの音に驚いた`, but I'm not sure about `か`: I don't\nthink is the embedded question-か, given how it goes on (`軽く上体がかしいだ`), and I\ncan't think an use of `か` I know of that suits this sentence.\n\nSince as far as I know `か` can also be used to express doubt I was wondering\nif it's something like \" **Maybe due** to being startled by the door's sound,\n[she had her] upper body slightly bent forward\", but I'm not sure.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T12:38:45.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71988",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T16:16:56.177",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T16:16:56.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What does のか mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 54
}
|
[] |
71988
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71998",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of my Japanese classmates was having a hard time understanding the phrase\n\"off the beaten track\" and came to me for help. I told her that \"beat\" could\nalso be used as \"to make a path\", as in \"a well-beaten track\". It got through\nto her eventually and she added that in Japanese they called it \"a beast\nroad\".\n\nI should have asked her more about this \"beast road\" but somehow I wrapped it\nup by simply saying \"Ohh!Good to know!\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T16:21:21.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71991",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T05:58:23.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese word for a track beaten in the woods? \"A beast road\"?",
"view_count": 248
}
|
[
{
"body": "As per the search results from JACK's comment, the _extremely literal_\ntranslation of \"beaten path\" is:\n\n> [踏]{ふ}みならされた[道]{みち}\n\nwhere\n[踏みならす](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%B8%8F%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%99)\nis \"beat\" in the sense of making a path, and\n[道](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%93) means road or path. That said, this is\nnot a saying in Japanese the same way it is in English. The metaphor may hold\nup, but it's not going to be immediately familiar to anyone who hears it.\n\nThe word that your friend was talking about was almost certainly\n[[獣道]{けものみち}](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%8D%A3%E9%81%93), which is just\n[[獣]{けもの}](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%8D%A3)+[[道]{みち}](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%93).\nThe literal construction here is pretty much \"beast road\", but that perhaps\nsounds more exciting than the natural English translation of \"animal trail\" or\n\"game trail\". This word just means \"trail made by wild animals\" in both\nEnglish and Japanese though; it's pretty much the opposite of the \"beaten\npath\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T23:34:15.813",
"id": "71997",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T05:26:43.923",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T05:26:43.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "71991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I guess what she wants to say is called 「けもの道{みち}」.\n\nIt implies a road through areas such as forests, bushes, hills, etc. only wild\nanimals like boars, bears, mountain goats take.\n\nIn a metaphorical sense,\n「[けもの道](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%91%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93#%E6%AF%94%E5%96%A9%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E3%81%91%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93%E3%80%8D)」\nis used to describe an unusual lifestyle such as a life taking a risk other\npeople would not want to. Ex) being an entrepreneur, not choosing the career\npath your friends usually go, teachers recommend, or a firm prepares, etc.\nwhich is different from the road well-maintained.\n\n\"[Bushwalking](https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-\nb-d&q=bushwalking)\" in Australia or \"[Death\nRoad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yungas_Road)\" in Bolivia seems dangerous\nto me, but normally there are tour-guides or fellow travelers with you. Again,\nprobably she wanted to describe the road which it seems no one has ever taken,\nnot well-maintained, savage, and so on.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T23:39:50.647",
"id": "71998",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T05:58:23.857",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T05:58:23.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "71991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
71991
|
71998
|
71997
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71995",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the moistened packaged towelettes called in restaurants? They are\nused to wipe the hands prior to eating. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T20:25:50.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71992",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T02:22:08.637",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T02:22:08.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What are the moistened wrapped towelettes called in restaurants?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are called [お絞り](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshibori), typically\nwritten in Kana as おしぼり.\n\nThe word お絞り comes from the verb 絞る meaning \"to wring\", with the honorific\nprefix お.\n\nIf you want to be more specific:\n\n * 布製おしぼり are made from cloth.\n * 紙製おしぼり are made from paper (these are the disposable, plastic packaged ones)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T22:41:24.947",
"id": "71995",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T22:49:45.400",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-21T22:49:45.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "71992",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
71992
|
71995
|
71995
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "71994",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got the following sentence from manga 五等分の花嫁 (chapter 43 I believe),\n俺はまだニ乃を理解しきれてないのかもしれない.\n\n理解 is to understand and I'm thinking it's used with する here. It's verb stem is\nfollowed by きれてない. The closest thing I can think of is that 切れる is being used\nhere but I'm not quite sure how that would make sense.\n\nI think the sentence translates to something like. \"I may still not understand\nNino yet,\" but I could be wrong since I don't know what helper verb(?) this\nis.\n\nAny and all help is appreciated. Thanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T21:15:41.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71993",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T15:48:49.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is しきれてない in 理解しきれてない?",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "V(ます stem) + 切る means to do to the end, to do/finish completely. 食べ切る = eat\nthe whole meal / finish one's plate, etc.\n\nFrom a quick google search: <https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B-kiru/>\n\n切れる is the potential form of 切る.\n\n俺はまだニ乃を理解しきれてないのかもしれない. Maybe I still haven't been able to fully understand\nNino yet.\n\nAlso related to your sentence, fyi: [Use of の with\nかもしれない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56095/use-of-%E3%81%AE-\nwith-%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\n[Potential form vs Intransitive\nVerbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36811/potential-form-vs-\nintransitive-verbs?rq=1)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T21:34:59.347",
"id": "71994",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T15:48:49.130",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T15:48:49.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "4382",
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"parent_id": "71993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
71993
|
71994
|
71994
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72010",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started reading a practice reading for N3 yesterday, and found this passage\nin a sentence that is very confusing\n\n他人から見れば「 **どうしてそんなことを」というような** ことをしてしまう親のことである。\n\nIf someone can help me I would really appreciate it.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T23:06:55.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71996",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T10:34:58.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T17:41:05.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "34934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of this passage?",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "「するの?」is omitted at the end of 「どうしてそんなことを」. It means \"Why do you do such a\nthing?\"\n\nMy attempt is as follows. This is about parents who end up doing something\nlike others say, \"Why do you do such a thing?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T16:16:31.217",
"id": "72010",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T10:34:58.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T10:34:58.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "71996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
71996
|
72010
|
72010
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72003",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A young couple are cooking together and he mentions that this is special now\nbut may become the usual in the distant future when they move in together\nsomeday and the like (こんな is referring to this dialogue), and then at the end\nthe girlfriend remarks:\n\n> …こんなのが当たり前になる日のこと考え **たりしてくれるん** ですね\n\nI understand everything up to 考え but I'm confused about the たりしてくれる part. What\ndoes it mean here? I've seen grammar lessons on -てくれる and たりして but I can't\nmake sense of either meaning in this sentence. Thanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T00:37:34.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "71999",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T09:02:20.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T03:13:40.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "31757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "meaning of たりしてくれる",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "It sounds like the [~たり~たりする](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A-taritari/)\nconstruction. Sometimes it's used with just one `~たりする`, meaning a non\nexhaustive listing, \"things like ~\", in `て`-form since it's followed by `くれる`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T07:48:09.387",
"id": "72002",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T07:48:09.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "71999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "To add on to Mauro's answer, the くれる part of this sentence conveys how the\ngirlfriend thinks that it is thoughtful/caring/considerate that the boyfriend\nactually thinks about the day that such things will become the norm.\n\nWhy the girlfriend would think this in a positive light (as implied by くれる) is\nentirely dependent on context/interpretation, but one can most commonly\ninterpret it as the girlfriend being comforted that the boyfriend thinks about\ntheir future and relationship in a concrete way. i.e. you are thinking about\nthis for me / for our relationship (~くれる)\n\nSo in a very non-literal translation, this sentence would be \"I appreciate*\nyou contemplating about this and more^.\"\n\n```\n\n * - implied by ~くれる\n ^ - implied by ~たりして\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T09:02:20.217",
"id": "72003",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T09:02:20.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35449",
"parent_id": "71999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
71999
|
72003
|
72003
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The speaker, a 魔術者, is talking about the process of manipulating a man to do\nsomething advantageous for the speaker. The exact particulars of how this was\ndone were never mentioned, it just was done.\n\n> 実のところ、人を操るような魔術は複雑な精神構造に干渉しなければならないため難しく、正直あまり成功率は高くない。\n>\n> 成功率を上げるためには相応の時間や手間が掛かる上に、 **反動で大きな反作用を招いて** 術者にかなりの負担を強いる場合もある。\n>\n> 言葉による洗脳や肉体的な躾けの方が長期的に見て効率がいい **ぐらいだ** 。\n>\n> しかしこういう状況でピンポイントに使う分には、やり方次第で非常に有効だったりもする。\n>\n> 特にあの男は元々性欲や支配欲が強そうなので、その点を煽るような暗示は掛かりやすい。\n\n...\n\nFor the sake of increasing the success rate, an appropriate amount of time and\neffort needs to be spent, on top of that, \"to produce a large reaction (total\nguess)\", there is often a substantial burden on the practitioner.\n\nBrainwashing and disciplining via words is effective in the long term ぐらいだ\n\nThough in this situation, for the purpose of a pinpoint dosage of\nmanipulation, depending on the method (魔術 or 言葉?), it is also extremely\neffective (sometimes?)\n\n...\n\nThere is definitely something that I am missing between the 2nd and 4th\nsentences as a congruent thought process is not maintained.\n\n 1. How is で used in 反動で大きな反作用を招いて and how does it work in relation to both 反作用 and 反動 in such a short span?\n\n 2. This may be contingent on my lack of understanding of the 2nd/4th sentence, but I can't tell why mentioning the extent of ...の方が長期的に見て効率がいい is relevant in this context.\n\n 3. Again this may be relating my misunderstanding of the 2nd and 3rd sentences. In the 3rd sentence, I have an issue with the disconnect between やり方次第で and ~たりもする. やり方次第で implies an outcome depending on the method but 有効だったりもする indicates a good outcome among other things. So does that imply depending on the method, it can also be not effective? Or what is the scope of this ~たり statement? In addition what is the also/も relating to then?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T05:37:09.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72000",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T13:37:28.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T13:04:06.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "反動で大きな反作用を招いて and how ぐらい is relevant in this context",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "For 1. This 反動{はんどう} describes mental state, a qualitative reaction. Working\non the magic towards others is stressful to the agent. So, an agent get \"great\ncounter-action : 「大きな反作用」\" by \"the stress :「反動」\" he/she feels.\n\nThis で used here is the following : 動作・作用の原因・理由を表す。「受験勉強で暇がない」「君のおかげで助かった」\n\nFor 2. I think \"the direct method\" : 言葉による洗脳や肉体的な躾け is effective in the long\nterm comparing to \"the indirect method\" such as the magic the agent is trying\nto use.\n\nFor 3. _\"So does that imply depending on the method, it can also be not\neffective?\"_\n\nYes, you are correct. It does not necessarily occurs to be effective. So, it's\nlacking inevitability. But this time, since the situation allowing and the\npoint being pinpointed, it happens to be effective. This 「 **たり〜** 」 implies\nsurprisingly it occurs by chance. And this 「 **も** 」 soften the statement as\nexplained [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/51841/usage-\nof-%e3%82%82-in-a-specific-context).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T10:47:05.110",
"id": "72004",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T13:37:28.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T13:37:28.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72000
|
72004
|
72004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72054",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The MC/魔術者 found out that their army was headed towards a trap/ambush and\ninformed in commander about it. The MC proposed that the solution was to turn\nbackwards/retreat and take out all the enemies that were setting up behind the\nthe army by surprise.\n\nThe MC is asking the commander if he can part with the main army, to escort an\ninjured party (that got injured discovering the trap with the MC) back to\nsafety. Is it true that MC is very motivated to get recognized for 手柄. The\nCommander is very arrogant and self centered. The Commander probably wants 手柄\nbut that isn't clear.\n\n> Commander「そしてこれより我が軍は転進し、後方に潜む卑劣な手で仲間を傷つけた敵部隊を排除する！」\n>\n> 将軍の号令で騎士達は雄たけびを上げ、隊列を乱さぬよう転進する。\n>\n> 明らかに士気も上がっているこの手の人物はやはりこういう役回りには向いているな。\n>\n> MC「閣下、私は軍に同行しなくてよろしいので？」\n>\n> commander「貴公の言う通りなら、敵の手の内がわかった以上もはや勝ったも同然今更魔術など必要あるまい」\n>\n> MC「なるほど・・・ごもっともです」\n>\n> ・・・ **下手に俺を残して手柄を奪われても困ると判断したか、あるいは伏兵処理に赴いた人間は全員退却させる事で部下思いの指揮官を演出したいのか。**\n>\n> いずれにせよ、将軍の言う通りタネが割れた以上は俺がいなくとももはや勝利は揺らぐまい。\n>\n> MC「では、閣下のお言葉に甘えさせていただきます」\n\n...\n\n(this might make no sense depending on how off i am)\n\nDid the commander determine his is troubled even though he can leave me in a\ninferior position by taking the credit (for this victory), or is it that he\nwants to act like he's the commander that the underlying think is the one who\nturned around an army that was heading into a trap?\n\n...\n\n 1. Assuming this is done by the commander, should 手柄を奪われて be interpreted as the general honorific passive and not the passive voice? \n\n 2. If 手柄を奪われて is the general honorific passive and not the passive voice is 俺を残して also done by the commander? If so why was 俺を残して not passive?\n\n 3. Why was 困ると判断したか used over 困るか？ It definitely feels less natural, especially when ...と判断したか isn't really \"parallel\" with ...を演出したいのか in terms of tense and type of action.\n\n 4. The doer of ...指揮官を演出したい has to be the commander as well right? Or is it somehow the MC?\n\n 5. On basis did the MC make all of these 。。。か assumptions from? It seems completely out of the blue.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T07:11:38.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72001",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T12:10:25.907",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T18:41:40.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Interpreting 下手に俺を残して手柄を奪われても困ると判断した in this context",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. No. 奪われて in 手柄を奪われても困る is the passive voice, not the honorific passive: The Commander does not want the MC to be credited with the victory. In other words, the Commander will feel uncomfortable (困る) if the credit for the victory is stolen by the MC (手柄を奪われても).\n\n 2. Yes. The Commander let the MC stay (俺を残して).\n\n 3. Hope someone has the answer.\n\n 4. Yes. The Commander himself/herself wants to act as if he/she is (演出したい) a commanding officer who pays attention to his subordinates (部下思いの指揮官).\n\n 5. No idea. I believe that the question is: On what basis does the MC think that the Commander's motivation to let him/her stay is 下手に俺を...演出したいのか? The answer depends on how the writer built the story: Readers may or may not get the answer.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T15:27:17.950",
"id": "72008",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T15:27:17.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35390",
"parent_id": "72001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I am afraid you are misinterpreting some things that you did not ask about in\nyour questions, so I will give you my translation first:\n\n> 下手に俺を残して手柄を奪われても困ると判断したか \n> Did he (=the commander) figure that it would be annoying if he carelessly\n> left me (in the main army) and got his credit stolen (by me)?\n>\n> あるいは伏兵処理に赴いた人間は全員退却させる事で部下思いの指揮官を演出したいのか \n> Or is it that he wants to act like he is a commander who thinks dearly of\n> his underlings by ordering all the soldiers who went to deal with the troops\n> in ambush to retire?\n\n * 下手に{へたに} means \"carelessly\", \"thoughtlessly\", or \"ineptly\".\n * (指揮官が俺に)手柄を奪われる is an example of what is called the possessor passive. The active counterpart would be 俺が指揮官の手柄を奪う. See: \n * [Does indirect passive allow for the を in “四方を海に囲まれる”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27504/does-indirect-passive-allow-for-the-%E3%82%92-in-%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E6%B5%B7%E3%81%AB%E5%9B%B2%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/)\n * [How is the passive form used with を?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69169/how-is-the-passive-form-used-with-%E3%82%92/)\n * [What does やられてる mean in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/71929/what-does-%E3%82%84%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B-mean-in-this-sentence/)\n * ても does not mean \"even though\" here. You should translate it simply as \"if\". \n * From your description, it seems 伏兵処理に赴いた人間 is referring to the soldiers that discovered the ambush and got injured.\n * The は in 人間は全員退却させる is masking a を. That is, 人間 is the direct object of 退却させる. The は is implying that the commander will not make some other soldiers retreat.\n * 部下思い is a no-adjective that describes a person who thinks dearly of his underlings and shows a lot of concern for them. Similar phrases include 親思い, 子供思い, 家族思い, etc.\n\nRegarding your third question,\n\n> 下手に俺を残して手柄を奪われても **困る** か、あるいは伏兵処理に赴いた人間は全員退却させる事で部下思いの指揮官を演出したいのか。\n\ndoes not seem natural to me in this context. It would mean \"Would he find it\nannoying if he carelessly left me (in the main army) and got his credit\nstolen?\" It would be a question about the future, so it is hard to interpret\nit as a guess for the reason he did not make him go with the main army.\nHowever, it would be a little better if it were 困る **の** か, which would mean\n\"Is it that he would find it annoying...\" Similarly, I think the の in 演出したいのか\nis necessary.\n\nAlso, I do not think the questions need to be parallel in tense or type of\naction, either in Japanese or in English. The narrator is just asking himself\nwhy the commander did not make him go with the main army. He is just guessing,\n\"Is it because A, or is it because B?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T12:10:25.907",
"id": "72054",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T12:10:25.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35050",
"parent_id": "72001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72001
|
72054
|
72008
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm struggling to understand the sentence in the exchange below. To explain\nthe context, these characters have been shipwrecked and landed on an unknown\nisland. They find that several of their companions have been killed, by\nmonsters, and so they go to find the culprit. As part of this they meet a\nfriendly monster, and ask them the location of the strongest monster in this\narea, thinking that this monster will either be the culprit, or they will be\nable to talk to them and find out who did kill their companions. And in the\nend they find out it was this monster that killed their companions.\n\n> 話を聞きに行く。もしも犯人なら―\n>\n> アーリンちゃんと戦うんですか～？\n>\n> 場合によってはそうなる。\n>\n> アーリンちゃんは優しいですよ。\n>\n> そうか。 **だからこそ** 、という場合もあるな\n\nI understanding the meanings of だからこそ and という場合もある individually so that is not\nwhat is causing me difficulty in understanding. What is causing me difficulty\nis that the words before and after だからこそ are not explicitly stated.\n\nCould the implied elements something like 同じ魔物だからこそ優しい or is there a more\nobvious interpretation to a native speaker?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T12:09:55.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72005",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-14T11:58:26.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35451",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding だからこそ、という場合もある",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have two interpretations but not sure which is correct.\n\n 1. だからこそ refers to “アーリンちゃんは優しい”. I.e. **especially in such case** [a fight may still be necessary]\n 2. だからこそ refers to the speaker’s previous line (場合によって), i.e. “ **As I just said** , [it depends]”. In that case, という場合 refers to “アーリンちゃんは優しい”. \n\nHowever, こそ makes #2 somewhat unnatural so #1 looks more likely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T20:42:02.813",
"id": "72011",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-22T20:42:02.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "72005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Let's translate the entire dialogue first\n\n> 話を聞きに行く。もしも犯人なら― \n> I'm going to go ask. If he's the culprit, then— \n> アーリンちゃんと戦うんですか～？ \n> You're going to fight Arin? \n> 場合によってはそうなる。 \n> Depending on the situation, yeah. \n> アーリンちゃんは優しいですよ。 \n> Arin's really nice, you know? \n> そうか。だからこそ、という場合もあるな \n> I see. That's exactly why I'm saying it's depending on the situation.\n\nPlease note that the translation of that last sentence is by no means a\nliteral translation—the grammar definitely does not match word for word.\nFirst, だからこそ can also be used in the beginning of a sentence to mean \"That's\nwhy\". \"That\" refers to \"Arin is nice\". From your post, I think you understand\nthis.\n\n> という場合もあるな \n> The mentioned situation exists as well.\n\nThis という is not quoting だからこそ. I feel like it is easier to look at という場合 as\none word. The という場合(the said circumstance) is referring to what he said\nbefore「アーリンちゃんと戦う」.\n\nSo maybe to make this simpler:\n\nアーリンちゃんと戦う ＝ という場合\n\nAnd then if you put it into the sentence:\n\n> だからこそ、｛アーリンちゃんと戦う場合・という場合｝もあるな \n> That's exactly why I said that there is a possibility that (I will fight\n> with Arin / the aforementioned situation might occur).\n\nOkay, then why would \"Arin being nice\" lead to \"I want to fight him/her\"?\nWell, the speaker isn't saying _because_ Arin is nice, he wants to fight her.\nHe's saying because Arin is nice, _depending on the situation_ he might _not_\nhave to fight her.\n\nSo maybe a more clear/literal translation would be:\n\n> そうか。だからこそ、という場合 **も** あるな \n> Because Arin is nice, the situation where I fight Arin **also/might**\n> exist.\n\n場合もある→That possibility **also** exists.\n\nThis \"also\" emphasizes the possibility that the situation _might not_ occur.\nThe situation where they don't fight is the assumption from \"Arin being nice\".\nWhat he is saying that the situation where they do fight exists _in addition_\nto the larger possibility that they don't. He is giving Arin the benefit of\nthe doubt, but expressing that there **is also** a possibility that Arin was\nthe one who did it and they will have to fight.\n\nI hope this makes sense. Please note that I am not a native, so if I made any\nmistakes, feel free to correct me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-17T01:12:25.707",
"id": "82135",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-17T01:41:20.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-17T01:41:20.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "72005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think Shurim's answer is more or less right, but let me add my own answer.\n\nFirst, filling the omitted words in the last sentence becomes as follows:\n[アーリンちゃんが優しい]からこそ[私たちはアーリンちゃんと戦う]という場合もあるな。\n\n(Note: だ in だからこそ appears because the clause is omitted; な at the end does not\naffect the meaning, so 場合もあるな=場合もある here)\n\nA translation would be _アーリンちゃん is kind, that could be the exact reason we\n[the speakers] fight with her_ (assuming アーリンちゃん is female in some sense.)\n\nAs Shurim mentions in the answer, fighting with the kind アーリンちゃん might sound a\nlittle strange. More background is required to understand why the 2nd speaker\nsays this, but the following examples should help in understanding the\nsentence.\n\n 1. 私は彼の友達だからこそ、彼に金を貸さない - I am his friend, and that is exactly why I don't lend him money (background: lending money would spoil him)\n 2. 医者は優しいからこそ、患者を殺した - The doctor was kind, and that is exactly why he killed the patient (background: the patient was terminally ill, for example)\n\n===\n\nA little grammar:\n\nX + こそ expresses that the speaker thinks X is important among other things.\nSo, the last sentence basically implies that the 2nd speaker thinks there\ncould be many reasons for fight, but アーリンちゃん's kindness is the chief reason\n(leading to the killing of his(?) companions and ultimately to fighting).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-07-14T11:09:22.670",
"id": "87482",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-14T11:58:26.027",
"last_edit_date": "2021-07-14T11:58:26.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "45489",
"owner_user_id": "45489",
"parent_id": "72005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
72005
| null |
72011
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72019",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> Person A: くしゃみをしたら元の根暗に戻った \n> Person B: ギリギリすぎる設定ですな \n> Person C: あんただってギリギリじゃない\n\nThe context here is that someone has a split personality and when she sneezes\nher character changes, the first line is explaining this (くしゃみをしたら元の根暗に戻った),\nthe second line is someone commenting on this (ギリギリすぎる設定ですな) and the third\nline is the person with the split personality (あんただってギリギリじゃない) but I can't\nunderstand what ぎりぎり and 設定 mean in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T14:02:25.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T07:09:05.427",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-22T14:56:59.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What do ギリギリすぎる and 設定 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 298
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 設定 in this context is \"(character) settings\", i.e., how the author characterize a person in the plot. Normally, a character in a story don't talk about his own 設定, but this may be some sort of metafictional joke.\n\n * ギリギリ is an adjective that literally means \"nearing the borderline/edge/extremity\". In this context, the character is talking about the borderline of acceptable/unacceptable or laughable/not-laughable. The nuance is almost the same as [キワモノ explained here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/46923/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T07:09:05.427",
"id": "72019",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T07:09:05.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72006
|
72019
|
72019
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72013",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[http://www.hattoris.net/info/akb48の高橋みなみさんの自前エプロンかわいいです/](http://www.hattoris.net/info/akb48%E3%81%AE%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%BF%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%89%8D%E3%82%A8%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8F%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99/)\n\nLike, a personal apron? An apron for business?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-22T15:51:56.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72009",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T23:58:16.163",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T23:58:16.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "34297",
"owner_user_id": "34297",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"自前\" mean in \"自前エプロン\"?",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess 「自前」 used here is close to [BYO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYOB)\nservice, where you pay some charges at the restaurant and they allow you to\n\"bring your own bottles\" and enjoy with their meals the restaurant serves.\n\nProbably 高橋みなみ brought her own apron to enjoy cooking which was not what the\nsponsor or the show prepared for the TV program. Probably an idol bringing her\npersonal belongings to reveal her private life a little bit is important in\nthe program.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T00:08:05.117",
"id": "72013",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T01:25:03.310",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T01:25:03.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72009",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72009
|
72013
|
72013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72017",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Playing a game and there are these two classes/jobs 賭博師 and 遊び人. I do not\nquite understand the difference between them. They seem to both mean gambler,\nbut is there some difference? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T01:48:56.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72015",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-31T07:15:02.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26867",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "賭博師と遊び人の違いはなんですか？",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "賭博師{とばくし} always implies their profession is related to gambling such as\nplaying poker, betting on horse racing, roulette, casino, and so on. I am not\nso sure a profession like\n\"[bookmaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookmaker)\", who mainly sets up\ngambling opportunists, can be called 賭博師{とばくし}, who is actually betting on\nsomething and taking a lot of risk.\n\n遊{あそ}び人{にん} implies someone is spending a prodigal life. One of their\nactivities might be gambling but it is not their main profession and they are\ngetting used to other leisure activities.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T05:25:37.397",
"id": "72016",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T12:07:46.050",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T12:07:46.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "賭博師 simply refers to a serious, professional gambler.\n\nDictionaries seem to say one of the meanings of 遊び人 is gambler, but this word\nis almost never used in this sense today. As the kanji suggests, in real life,\nthis word usually refers to an unemployed person, a debauchee, a playboy, etc.\n\nIn addition, in gaming contexts, 遊び人 is best-known as a job in _Dragon Quest_\nfranchise. This job name is translated as [Gadabout or Jester](https://dragon-\nquest.org/wiki/Gadabout). Dragon Quest has been so popular in Japan that\nvirtually all Japanese game developers know this character stereotype. If your\ngame was made by Japanese people, an 遊び人 may look like this. For example, the\n[article about 遊び人 on\nピクシブ百科事典](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3%E4%BA%BA) is almost\nentirely about Dragon Quest's 遊び人.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T06:45:52.223",
"id": "72017",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T07:25:05.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T07:25:05.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72015
|
72017
|
72017
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "今日もお仕事に学校頑張って\n\nWhat is 「仕事に学校頑張って」meaning\n\nIs 仕事に学校 from 「仕事に学校へ行く」(Go to school to work) ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T06:54:56.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72018",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T10:09:28.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "お仕事に学校頑張って meaning",
"view_count": 838
}
|
[
{
"body": "This に is [for listing\nthings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12188/5010) (\"work _or_ school\").\nThe sentence is roughly the same as お仕事 **や** 学校 **を** 頑張って.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T08:52:04.913",
"id": "72021",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T10:09:28.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T10:09:28.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] |
72018
| null |
72021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72022",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 神野{じんの}菜生子{なおこ}さして意外そうでもなくうなずいた\n\nI'm having some issue in understanding `そうでもない`, and according to how I read\nit it reverse the meaning of the sentence: as far as I understand, `そうでもない`\nmeans \"not really\", so the sentence would mean something like \"Not very/really\nunexpectedly, Jinno Naoko nodded\", but I'm not sure about `そうでもない` and I can't\nfind it on my grammars.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T08:22:18.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72020",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T08:56:56.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of そうでもない",
"view_count": 816
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation seems okay. To break it down:\n\n * 意外だ: \"is unexpected\"\n * 意外そうだ: \"looks unexpected\"\n * 意外そうではない: \"does not look unexpected\"\n * 意外そうではなく: (ku-form of 意外そうではない) \"not looking unexpected\"\n * 意外そうで **も** なく: \"not (quite) looking unexpected\"\n * さして意外そうでもなく: \"not really looking unexpected\"\n\nFor the last も, see:\n\n * [も in 「Vのもアレなんだけど」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55970/5010)\n * [What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55266/5010)\n * [Usage of も in a Specific Context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/5010)\n\nさして \"(not) very/really\" is an adverb used with a negative expression (i.e.,\n[negative polarity item](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T08:56:56.273",
"id": "72022",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T08:56:56.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72020",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72020
|
72022
|
72022
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like you to help me to understand this grammar pattern （Nに）Vれる\npresented in Nihongo Sou Matome JLPT N3 (Pg.14). I'm not able to understand\nwhy the passive voice is used in the example sentences.\n\n> 1. 友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら、泣かれてしまった。\n>\n\nWhy is 泣く in passive form? **If** 友達の赤ちゃん was the one who cried, **then\nshouldn't it be** 泣いてしまった?\n\n> 2. 雨に降られて、服が濡れてしまいました。\n>\n\nMy literal translation of this would be: \"Something was fallen by the rain and\nthe clothes got soaked.\" It doesn't make sense...\n\n**Again, why is the passive form used?**\n\n> 3. 父に死なれて、大学を続けられなくなりました。\n>\n\nMy literal translation of this would be: \"(I or somebody) was died/killed by\nmy father, and could not continue university.\"\n\nIf it's my father who died and it's me who could not continue university,\nwouldn't it be better to say 父が死んだから、大学を続けられなくなりました。 or something like this.\n\nI really don't understand the use of the passive form in these 3 cases.\n\n**Could you please explain this to me and give some more examples to grasp the\nuse of this kind of strange passive?**\n\nThank you so much in advance for your help!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T11:19:33.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72023",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-13T07:48:57.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T15:55:50.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"passive-voice",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Could you please explain the use of passive voice in the following sentences?",
"view_count": 366
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is going to be long, so bear with me.\n\nOne of the main reasons the passive voice is used in language is to be able to\ncontrol **1) the flow of information** and **2) what the subject/topic is at\nany given moment**. Stephen Pinker gave a great explanation of this in English\nin one of his lectures which you can find\n[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=24m16s&v=OV5J6BfToSw).\n\nBasically, certain sentences or parts of those sentences just sound weird or\nabrupt unless the subject is the person or thing being acted upon.\n\n1) Control of information flow\n\nTake the English sentence:\n\n> I picked up the baby, who was then stung by a bee.\n\nThe first part of this sentence is in the active voice, I picked up the baby. \nThe second part, however is in the passive voice, the baby was stung by a bee.\n\nIf we banned all use of the passive voice, this sentence would become\nsomething like:\n\n> I picked up the baby, and a bee stung him. \n> or \n> I picked up the baby, after which a bee stung him.\n\nIn the first example sentence, the flow of information goes \n\"Me → Baby → Bee\"\n\nBut in the second set of sentences, it goes \n\"Me → Baby → Bee → Baby\"\n\nNot only does the focus of our attention change more frequently, two of those\nchanges are to the exact same piece of information; the baby!\n\nThis is why the passive voice sounds more literary to our ears; it provides us\nwith a smoother flow of information.\n\n2) Active control of the topic\n\nThe passive voice also lets us control who or what the subject of a sentence\nis:\n\nTake the sentence:\n\n> After the search party found and rescued my brother when he got lost on a\n> hiking trip, he went on to found a charity that helps rescued climbers pay\n> for their rescue services.\n\nThe subject of the sentence starts out being \"search party\" in the first half\nand changes to \"my brother\" in the second half.\n\nWhat if it's not necessarily important who found him? What if we want to focus\nentirely on the brother?\n\nIn that case, we could say:\n\n> After my brother was rescued when he got lost on a hiking trip, he went on\n> to found a charity that helps rescued climbers pay for their rescue\n> services.\n\nThe subject of the entire sentence is \"my brother\", which we accomplish by\nputting the first half in the passive voice.\n\nThe example sentences you provide show use of both.\n\nI'll go through them one at a time:\n\n> 友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら、泣かれてしまった\n\nInstead of this, we could say:\n\n> 友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら、((その)赤ちゃんが)泣いてしまった\n\nIn the case of your example sentence, the flow of information is smooth:\n\n(I’ve used an overscore to denote the speaker; an underscore the baby)\n\n（[私が]{HH}）[友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら]{LLLLLLLLHHHHHH}、（[その赤ちゃんに]{HHHHHHH}）[泣かれてしまった]{HHHHHHHH}。\n\nIn the case of the second sentence, the flow of information is less smooth:\n\n（[私が]{HH}）[友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら]{LLLLLLLLHHHHHH}、（[その赤ちゃんが]{LLLLLLL}）[泣いてしまった]{LLLLLLL}。\n\nFor your second example sentence, you have:\n\n> 雨に降られて、服が濡れてしまいました。\n\nIf we were to write this without passive voice, we would say:\n\n> 雨が降ったため/ので/降って、服が濡れてしまいました。\n\nIn this new sentence, we first hear that it's raining, and only then do we\nobtain the information that the something (服) got wet as a result.\n\nHowever, in your example sentence, we first get the information that something\nis getting rained on. We don't know what that something is, but it is\nnonetheless the subject of the sentence, which is then almost immediately\nrevealed to be 服. Not only does the subject stay the same throughout the\nsentence (active control of the subject) and give it better flow, but in this\ncase, we engage our listener by making them wonder what the subject is before\nwe give it to them.\n\nFor your third example sentence, you have:\n\n> 父に死なれて、大学を続けられなくなりました。\n\nIf we were to remove the passive voice from this we would get:\n\n> 父が死んだら/死んだ後、大学を続けられなくなりました。\n\nIn the first sentence, the subject remains on the speaker for the entire\nsentence. By doing this the speaker's father didn't just die, we as the\nlistener are forced to empathize that the father dying was something that\nhappened to the speaker, something that affected the speaker. This is why this\nuse of the passive is sometimes called the passive of suffering as @Aeon\nAkechi mentioned, because it forces us to empathize with the suffering of the\nspeaker.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-11T09:16:00.347",
"id": "72416",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-13T07:48:57.850",
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"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72023",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72023
| null |
72416
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72028",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is there a difference between a カーニバル and an お祭り? I researched the terms on\nJisho. Does it have to do with the duration or type of the activities? Thank\nyou.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T13:13:57.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72025",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-04T14:32:06.937",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-04T14:32:06.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"kanji",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between a カーニバル and an お祭り?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, at least not the duration. In Japan, as the carnivals are typically more\nlike short events with their theme being the original carnival, and, as\nJapanese \"don't have time\" their matsuris, while being short [maybe 0.5 ... 3\ndays], may last longer than the Japanese \"carnivals\", which tend to be [very]\nshort versions of the original ones, with e.g. the Rio Samba Carnival lasting\nfor 5 days.\n\nIn general, I think it is simply about if the event is a \"Japanese carnival\"\nor a \"Foreign carnival\".\n\nBut, in case you live in Japan and watch ItteQ, their 世界の祭り covers [or maybe\n\"covered\"] also events which would not normally not be referred to as\ncarnivals.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T13:26:59.743",
"id": "72026",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T13:26:59.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "72025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "祭り refers to festivals in general; it can refer to all sorts of festivals all\nover the world, religious or non-religious.\n\nカーニバル specifically refers to\n[carnivals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival) celebrated in Christian\ncountries, or events derived from that. It's also commonly associated with\nSamba since Rio's Carnival is world-famous. Japan is not a Christian country,\nso there is no traditional Japanese カーニバル. Simply, if a foreign event is\ncalled \"XYZ Carnival\" in English, it is called \"XYZカーニバル\" in Japanese, too.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T15:36:39.023",
"id": "72028",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T16:02:34.703",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T16:02:34.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "日本でカーニバルと言われると、\n\n 1. narutoさんが言われている様に、復活祭の前に行われる欧州・南米等のカーニバル\n 2. 日本で南米のカーニバルを模して、サンバ系の音楽と共にパレードするイベント\n 3. その他、パレードが同時に行われるイベント（maybe same as tuomo's explanation)\n\nといったことを想像します。\n\nお祭りと言われますと、風習としてある期間に実施されるお祭りから、 学校や会社で実施される皆んなで騒いで盛り上がる行事もお祭りと呼んでしまいます。\n\nこのお祭りという言葉には、カーニバルも含まれています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T16:41:29.607",
"id": "72029",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T16:41:29.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5069",
"parent_id": "72025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72025
|
72028
|
72028
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have problems understanding this sentence:\n\n> ここでは一メートル以内にいようと人物像の特定、声の確認はあやふやになる。なにしろ童話の中の出来事だ\n\nParticularly:\n\n> 人物像の特定\n\nMy guess is that it is one specific point of a person. Would it be in this\ncase 声?\n\nA bit of context:\n\n> 一時的にしろ、公園は有珠{ありす}の“森”になっている。ここでは一メートル以内にいようと **人物像の特定**\n> 、声の確認はあやふやになる。なにしろ童話の中の出来事だ\n\nTranslation attempt: \nThough temporary this park became Alice's \"forest\". Even when being within one\nmeters reach the specifics of a persons figure and voice become hazy.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T16:52:57.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72030",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T05:40:01.917",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T00:02:56.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Help with 人物{じんぶつ}像{ぞう}の特定{とくてい}. What does it mean?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 人物像の特定 means identifying what kind of person the speaker is seeing (e.g.,\n\"He looks like a brave knight in a silver armor\", \"He looks like a tired\nmiddle-aged businessperson\", ...). By the way, 人物の特定 is identifying who he is\n(e.g., \"He is John Smith\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T05:40:01.917",
"id": "72041",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T05:40:01.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72030
| null |
72041
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does 病 refer to a short or long term illness? I was in a chat and the word was\nused in response to someone chatting about a head cold. I asked the person if\nthey were hospitalized, and they were not. Since the word yamai was used by\nthe other person, I thought that it was more serious, but no hospitalization\nwas required. i see the word yamai relates to illness and 病院 but I can't seem\nto find a duration.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T18:52:08.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72031",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T19:22:08.473",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T19:22:08.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Does 病 refer to a short or long term illness?",
"view_count": 560
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess your trouble amounts to the difference between 病気【びょうき】 and 病【やまい】.\n\nIn modern Japanese, _yamai_ is a grandiose word that usually refers to\nserious, often life-threatening diseases. The duration is not important\nbecause many serious yamai are acute (like acute brain strokes). On the other\nhand, _byoki_ is a generic and casual term for sickness/illness/disease. If\nyou used _yamai_ to refer to a mere cold, it would surprise people.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T03:28:31.763",
"id": "72040",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T07:54:22.493",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T07:54:22.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72031
|
72040
|
72040
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So according to [Can someone break down かのじょ and かれ for\nme?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34534/can-someone-break-\ndown-%e3%81%8b%e3%81%ae%e3%81%98%e3%82%87-and-%e3%81%8b%e3%82%8c-for-\nme/34536#34536) it seems that 彼 and 彼女 are words that only came to mean\n\"he\"/\"she\" due to the influence of the West. But I'd like to know a bit more\nabout how those third person pronouns came to mean boyfriend/girlfriend. Some\npreliminary research indicates 徳川夢声 might be behind the reason for 彼氏 and 彼女,\nbut if any additional light/specifics could be shed on the top that'd be great",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T22:07:55.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72032",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T22:05:31.860",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T22:05:31.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology behind 彼氏(彼) and 彼女 meaning boyfriend/girlfriend?",
"view_count": 1003
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let's look at these two in turn.\n\n### 彼氏【かれし】\n\nAccording to Shogakukan's 国語大辞典【こくごだいじてん】 (KDJ) entry\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BD%BC%E6%B0%8F-468384#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8),\n彼氏 initially meant just \"that person\", derived as 彼【かれ】 + honorific person\nsuffix 氏【し】. Apparently the honorific was used a bit ironically, and the term\nwas actually intended as a slight pejorative. If the entry is anything to go\nby, it appears in texts starting from 1929, in one of\n[徳川【とくがわ】無声【むせい】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A2%E5%A3%B0)'s\nworks.\n\nA bit later in 1934 in a piece by 永井【ながい】荷風【かふう】, we see usage in the sense of\n\"boyfriend, male lover\". This appears to be a straightforward extension of the\nmeaning \"fellow, guy\" in usage patterns like \"she's got a _guy_ , that's her\n_fellow_ \", where the \"boyfriend\" sense arises out of context. Compare German\nusage, where _Mann_ literally just means \"man\", but in the context of talking\nabout a woman's relationships, it also means \"husband\". (The English term\n_man_ is also used the same way, albeit in a more informal speech register.)\n\nI suspect that both terms were in common use before either publication\nappeared.\n\n### 彼女【かのじょ】\n\nHere's the [KDJ entry\nlink](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3-465534#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8).\nUse in the \"she\" sense as a female third-person pronoun shows up in 1885.\n\nThen the \"girlfriend, female lover\" sense shows up later, and is recorded in\nthe 1931 ウルトラモダン辞典【じてん】. I don't see any usage examples from that time, but\nagain, my hunch is that this too was an extension of the earlier \"she\"\nmeaning: \"he's got a _girl_ \". Compare German usage, where _Frau_ literally\nmeans \"woman\", but in the context of talking about a man's relationships, it\nalso means \"wife\".\n\nOnce again, these meanings were probably around for some time before they were\nput to print.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T00:07:17.593",
"id": "72036",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T00:07:17.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72032",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72032
| null |
72036
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72039",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Prior to this sentence, Kawashima was talking about jumping from the school's\nroof with Obata-sensei; aftwerwards, another teacher is speaking with Obata,\nand says:\n\n> 小幡先生はひょっとして、自習時間に川島さんが話していたことを小耳に挟んで、だから不安になって **らしたのじゃありません** ？\n\nI'm guessing the `不安になってらした` means \"became worried/uneasy\", but I can't\nunderstand what's `らした`'s meaning.\n\nAlso, is `じゃありません?` like `じゃないか`, so like asking \"isn't it?\" rather than\ndenying? So the whole sentence sounds like \"During the free study period you\nhappened to hear Kawashima speaking, so you became worried, isn't it?\".\n\nI'm having quite some difficult following this story so I'm not sure: on one\nhand it sounds right, on the other Obata did hear Kawashima - Obata didn't\njust happened to hear, Kawashima was speaking directly with Obata. It could be\na roundabout way to say Obata knows what Kawashima said, but I'm not sure.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T23:07:44.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72033",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T03:02:32.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of らしたのじゃありません?",
"view_count": 277
}
|
[
{
"body": "らした is a less formal, contracted form of いらした, which is a [variant of\nいらっしゃった](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29805/5010). Here the meaning is\nthe same as 不安になって **い** らしたのでは or 不安になっていらっしゃったのでは.\n\nAnd this じゃありません is indeed like \"..., didn't you?\" or \"It's that ～, isn't\nit?\". Put together:\n\n> ...だから不安になってらしたのじゃありません？ \n> ...and thus you got worried, didn't you? / right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T03:02:32.850",
"id": "72039",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72033
|
72039
|
72039
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This morning (at least where I live) the top headline when I got up to look at\nthe TBS news was as follows\n([source](https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye3785510.html)). Please\ncorrect my attempt if there is an error.\n\n> 【現場から、】１０％の暮らし、駄菓子の“おまけ”で苦肉の策\n>\n> [Live on location...] The 10% consumption tax hike on the cost of living,\n> cheap candy with \"something extra\" included as a last resort",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-23T23:32:05.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72034",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T06:05:28.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Please help with a headline for today's news article about consumption tax",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "10%の暮らし is \"life/living (in the world) with the 10% (sales tax rate)\". 暮らし is\njust \"life\", not \"cost of living\".\n\n駄菓子のおまけで苦肉の策 is not \"an おまけ is included as a last resort\" but \"someone had to\ntake a last-resort measure regarding their おまけ\". You have to read the main\narticle to get this meaning. You can see how the maker had to conceal the\nwhistle part of their product to keep the tax rate low.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T02:54:13.600",
"id": "72038",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T02:54:13.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72034",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72034
| null |
72038
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[コントロールに苦しまなくなった野球系YouTuber](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNWQDu8XXpM)\n\nYou would want good control as a pitcher so, \"to become not-suffering in\ncontrol\" or \"attain good control\" is the default way of reading this.\n\nbut what exactly is コントロール **に**? i have to resort to reading it as\nコントロールは/が...\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T06:05:51.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72042",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T06:26:47.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "に in コントロールに苦しまなくなった",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "This に marks the cause/reason of one's feelings or pychological reactions. For\nexample:\n\n * Aに驚く to be surprised _at_ A\n * Aに悲しむ to feel sad _about_ A\n * Aに怒る to become angry _with_ A\n * Aに戸惑う to be puzzled _by_ A\n * Aに感動する to be moved/impressed _by_ A\n\nSo コントロールに苦しむ means \"to suffer _from_ (one's bad) control\". コントロールが/は苦しむ means\nsomething like \"(Mr.) Control suffers\", which makes no sense here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T06:26:47.060",
"id": "72043",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T06:26:47.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72042
|
72043
|
72043
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72047",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to ask a question with だろう in the correct way? Should I add か in the end?\n\nLike 何だろうか？ \nI saw a lot of examples and almost always guys omit か in the end. And just say\n何だろう；いつだろう。。。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T08:20:45.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72045",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T08:46:44.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"questions",
"particle-か",
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the correct question 何だろう or 何だろうか",
"view_count": 649
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that generally you would only need/put the か in formal form such as\n...ですか or ...ますか. In casual speaking the か is rarely used at the end as you\njust use intonation to make it a question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T08:39:51.210",
"id": "72046",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T08:39:51.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27316",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "～だろう forms a question that is mainly addressed to yourself. It's like \"I\nwonder\". If you are clearly requesting an answer from someone else, don't use\nit.\n\nNext, か after だろう in a yes/no type question corresponds to English\n\"whether/if\", and it's mandatory. か in a wh-question (i.e., a question\nincluding いつ, だれ, 何, なぜ, etc) is purely optional, but is usually omitted\nespecially in casual speech.\n\n> * 彼は来るだろう **か** ？ I wonder **if** he will come.\n> * これは食べられるだろう **か** ？ I wonder **if** I can eat this.\n>\n\n> * これは何だろう？ (I wonder,) What's this?\n> * これは何だろうか？ (I wonder,) What's this?\n> * どうしてだろう？ I wonder why.\n> * どうしてだろうか？ I wonder why.\n>\n\nRelated:\n\n * [だろう in question context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62238/5010)\n * [Difference between だろうか and ではないだろうか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34189/5010)\n * [願わくばこのまま穏やかなままとはいかねぇもんだろうか meaning?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/69057/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T08:41:43.973",
"id": "72047",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T08:46:44.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T08:46:44.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72045
|
72047
|
72047
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72053",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I moved to a different country and joined a new karate club. Sensei speaks\nonly Japanese and I'm ok with the commands he gives, but the ridiculous\nsituation is that he can't pronounce my name (Povilas).\n\nIt became a comic problem when he names everyone - Tom, Ann, Patrick, etc.,\nbut I'm left alone and he just points at me and asks - \"What's your name\nagain?\".\n\nHow would \"Povilas\" sound in Japanese? Maybe there's a similar sounding word\nor combination of two words?\n\nHelp is very much appreciated - I just want him to know who I am.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T09:04:23.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72048",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:11:05.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's my name in Japanese - Sensei can't pronounce it",
"view_count": 311
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have found one famous person has the same name as you in Japanese Wikipedia.\n\n\"Povilas Vanagas\", a Lithuanian ice dancer, is translated as\n[「ポヴィラス・ヴァナガス」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9)\n.\n\nJapanese don't distinguish [l] and [r] , [b] and [v]. It might be difficult\nfor your karate sensei to catch and distinguish the sounds of your name by\ntheir ear at first time.\n\nIf you accept _Povilas_ as「ポヴィラス」to be spelt in Japanese, I assume one of the\nexplanation to pronounce it like:\n\n\" ** _Po_** \" as \"Pokémon\" : 「 **ポ** ケモン」\n\n\" ** _vi_** \" as \"Venus\" : 「 **ヴィ** ーナス」\n\n\" ** _las_** \" as \"Last\" : 「 **ラス** ト」or \"Las Vegas\" 「 **ラス** べガス」.\n\nUse the bold part and concatenate altogether to pronounce your name. I hope it\nworks.\n\nI remember it was very difficult for me to pronounce \"Woolworths\",\nsupermarkets in Australia. I pronounced \"Wool\" + \"Worths\" very slowly and\ntried to pronounce them at once. I recommend you ask him to pronounce your\nname very slowly at first.\n\nThere are questions discussed about the difficulties for Japanese to\ndistinguish those sounds:\n\n[Do Japanese actually pronounce the \"v\"\nsound?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24498/do-japanese-\nactually-pronounce-the-v-sound)\n\n[Why do Japanese speakers have difficulty pronouncing\n\"L\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8324/why-do-japanese-\nspeakers-have-difficulty-pronouncing-l/9327#9327)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T11:37:43.723",
"id": "72053",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T11:37:43.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72048",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72048
|
72053
|
72053
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why not カザクスタン ? [The Cyrillic word does have a\nk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (but I am not sure whether is is\nactually pronounced).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T10:14:49.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72049",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T04:41:24.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why カザフスタン for Kazakhstan?",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "At least in the last few decades, when Japanese people katakanize foreign\nwords, they do so based on the sound of the original language, not on how it\nwas adopted in English. For example, Eiffel Tower is エッフェル塔, not アイフェル塔,\nbecause [its French pronunciation](https://forvo.com/word/tour_eiffel/#fr) is\ncloser to エッフェル. Johann Sebastian Bach is バッハ, not バック nor バッカ, because [its\nGerman pronunciation](https://forvo.com/word/johann_sebastian_bach/#de) is\nlike バッハ. I know nothing about Russian, but according to the [Russian\npronunciation of\nKazakhstan](https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/#ru)\n, I think カザフスタン is reasonable.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T04:41:24.843",
"id": "72077",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T04:41:24.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72049
| null |
72077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both words mean condition. In what context do we use them? Is one for\nexpressing the condition of living things and the other one for the non-living\nthings?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T10:48:31.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72051",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T01:42:47.290",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T01:42:47.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "33701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 調子【ちょうし】 (choushi) and 具合【ぐあい】 (guai)?",
"view_count": 2377
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are very similar, but I feel the threshold between よい調子 and 悪い調子 is\nhigher than that between よい具合 and 悪い具合.\n\n * 彼は調子が良い: He is at his best\n * 彼は調子が悪い: He is not in his best condition, if not ill\n * 彼は具合が悪い: He is sick\n * 機械の調子が悪い: The machine is working, but something is wrong\n * 機械の具合が悪い: The machine may be broken\n * 調子はどう?: How's it going? / How are you?\n * 具合はどう?: How is your health? / Are you feeling any better?\n\nAnd there are several set phrases where you can use only one of the two, for\nexample:\n\n * 調子がいいことを言う: to sweet-talk; say nice things\n * 調子にのる: to push one's luck\n * その日は具合が悪い: I'm busy that day; It's not a good day for me",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T15:18:27.703",
"id": "72060",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T15:18:27.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72051",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
72051
| null |
72060
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm a bit stuck in translating 歌うめぇ. I found somewhere that めぇ can be a\ncolloqiual form of まい, but I don't know if it is true. Could you help me,\nplease?\n\nThe context is that you've heard someone singing who didn't do it for a while.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T11:34:52.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72052",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T13:11:32.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Don't understand 歌うめぇ meaning",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[] |
72052
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72058",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My research indicates that both terms refer to movies, 動画 and 映画. Is there a\ndifference in usage? Does 映画 refer to film/videotape based movies and 動画 refer\nto everything else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T12:28:43.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72055",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T13:10:58.970",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T12:54:51.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 動画 and 映画？",
"view_count": 874
}
|
[
{
"body": "## 映画\n\n_Film; Movie; Motion Picture_\n\nFor example, you would use this when referring to a film you would watch in a\ncinema.\n\nIt is used in the Japanese word for cinema (映画館) as well as a few of these\nexamples:\n\n * 映画監督 - Film Director\n * 映画祭 - Film Festival\n * 映画学校 - Film School\n\n* * *\n\n## 動画\n\n_Video_\n\nUsed for animation and online videos (such as YouTube).\n\n * 動画配信 / ビデオ・オン・デマンド - Video streaming / Video on Demand",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T12:59:53.103",
"id": "72058",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T13:10:58.970",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T13:10:58.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "72055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72055
|
72058
|
72058
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It’s in an amazarashi song. When he sings, he says 僕ら but if when I look at\nthe lyrics it says 僕等. Is there a difference in these?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T12:38:24.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72056",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 僕等 and 僕ら?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "ら is one of the kun-readings of 等, so there is no difference. The kanji 等 has\nseveral readings.\n\n * ら: (attaches to person pronouns and person names) -s, and colleagues/friends, _et al_\n\n> 彼等【かれら】, 君等【きみら】, 私等【わたしら】, 研究者等【けんきゅうしゃら】, 田中等【たなから】\n\n * など, とう: (attaches to other types of noun) and so on, and similar, _et cetra_\n\n> 自動車等【じどうしゃとう】, 研究等【けんきゅうとう】\n\nSee: [Inaccurate ruby for 等?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32263/5010)\n\nThis is admittedly confusing, and this is why -ら is usually written in\nhiragana (彼ら, 田中ら, ...). Still, you may occasionally encounter -ら in kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T02:49:09.687",
"id": "72071",
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72056
| null |
72071
|
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For instance：\n\n> 昔の日本は身分の差が大きく厳しい上下関係があります。\n\nIs 大きく modifying 厳しい? But the way I understand this sentence is in ancient\nJapan, there were large social divides **and** strict social hierarchy, which\nis in effect 大きくて厳しい上下関係があります。\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T15:41:06.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72061",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T17:37:05.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T16:59:20.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "35466",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Can adverbs modify adjectives?",
"view_count": 599
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Can adverbs modify adjectives?\n\nYes. That's part of what adverbs do. Consider:\n\n * [と]{●}[て]{●}[も]{●}赤【あか】い車【くるま】 \na **very** red car\n\n * [ま]{●}[ぶ]{●}[し]{●}[く]{●}明【あか】るい青空【あおぞら】 \na **dazzlingly** bright blue sky\n\n### Is 大きく modifying 厳しい?\n\nNo. At least, not directly. In your sample sentence, as you correctly parsed\nit, the 大【おお】きく is not being used as a direct modifier on the following\nadjective 厳【きび】しい, but is instead being used in a way that can be understood\neither as a conjunction, as you suggest with your 大【おお】きく[て]{●} alteration, or\nas a kind of adverbial clause that modifies the whole rest of the sentence.\n\nOne of the grammatical clues telling us that this 大【おお】きく is not just an\nadverbial modifier for 厳【きび】しい alone is that the 大【おお】きく has a subject marked\nwith が immediately before it, telling us that the 大【おお】きく is in fact being\nused as the predicate of a descriptive phrase with that が-marked subject as\nthe head noun of that phrase.\n\n### The grammar\n\nThis kind of adverbial ending to a phrase can also happen with verbs, where,\nby one analysis, the て is omitted. Example:\n\n * ご飯【はん】を食【た】べテレビを見【み】る \n[I] eat and watch TV\n\nThis kind of construction joins clauses using the 連用形【れんようけい】: the _-masu_\nstem for verbs, the く adverbial for _-i_ adjectives, the に adverbial for _-na_\nadjectives -- literally, the 形【けい】 or \"form\" that 連【れん】 or attaches to a\n用言【ようげん】 or inflecting word.\n\n### How this affects the meaning\n\nIn terms of nuance, the meaning of the phrase ending in the 連用形 is a bit more\nclosely linked to the meaning of the following phrase than if you use the ～て\nconjunction. Compare:\n\n * まぶし[く]{●}明【あか】るい青空【あおぞら】 \na dazzling **ly** bright blue sky\n\n * まぶし[く]{●}[て]{●}明【あか】るい青空【あおぞら】 \na dazzling **and** bright blue sky\n\nOr:\n\n * ご飯【はん】を食【た】[べ]{●}テレビを見【み】る \n[I] eat **and** watch TV _(probably at the same time)_\n\n * ご飯【はん】を食【た】[べ]{●}[て]{●}テレビを見【み】る \n[I] eat **and then** watch TV _(as distinct actions, possibly separated in\ntime)_\n\nLooking specifically at your sample sentence:\n\n * 身分の差が大き[く]{●}厳しい上下関係があります。 \nThere is a big difference in status, **and [thus]** a strict hierarchy.\n\n * 身分の差が大き[く]{●}[て]{●}厳しい上下関係があります。 \nThere is a big difference in status, **and [separately]** a strict hierarchy.\n\nI'm stretching the English translations here to try to emphasize the\ndistinction in the Japanese, but hopefully this helps shed some light on why\nan author or speaker might use the 連用形【れんようけい】 to end a clause, as opposed to\nthe ～て conjunctive form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T17:37:05.693",
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}
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72061
| null |
72065
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72073",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: I invited a person to participate in a chat. チャットに参加してください was my\noriginal sentence. Is my sentence and word choice correct? I was considering\nthe word 関与.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T16:44:01.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72062",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-04T18:26:52.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-04T18:26:52.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Can 参加 be used to invite someone to a chat?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "関与 is a stiff word that refers to a serious and responsible\ninvolvement/engagement with a project, mission, contract, criminal case, and\nso on. It's not a light word used with casual parties, picnics and chats.\n\nBTW, It's time for you to learn to use advanced learning materials before\nasking many questions here. Try\n[ALC](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%96%A2%E4%B8%8E),\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E9%96%A2%E4%B8%8E) and\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/), and you should be\nable to understand 関与 is not the right word for a casual chat. If these still\ndidn't help, be sure to include your previous research in your question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T03:06:40.530",
"id": "72073",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T03:06:40.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72062",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72062
|
72073
|
72073
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72241",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-2057927),\nit is the exact same as two different definitions of それで。\n\nThen there is this [ベストアンサー](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2109219.html) which\ngives many usage examples. Again, it seems to be a very casual filler word\nmeaning それで。On that same page, another person says it is from `それで以て` and that\n`以て：手段・方法・材料などを表す` so that it means `…で。…でもって。…によって`。\n\n(1) But if the entire expression just means それで, what is the role of the\n以って（以て）? Is it actually adding meaning? I mean, should it actually be thought\nof as それで＋以って？\n\n(2) Would it be considered slang or standard?\n\n(3) How often is it used and does usage frequency change with age bracket or\ngender?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T17:09:15.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72063",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-25T10:24:43.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is そんでもって?",
"view_count": 515
}
|
[
{
"body": "「そ（れ/ん）でもって」 means practically the same thing as 「そ（れ/ん）で」. The only\ndifference worth mentioning IMHO is that the former sounds more emphatic than\nthe latter.\n\nThe former is the type of expression that tends to be used (repeatedly) by the\nsame speakers. Other speakers, myself included, would rarely if ever use it.\n\n「以{もっ}て」 is a unique word in the sense that it has multiple, very different\nmeanings and usages. Placing emphasis is just one of them.\n\n**Time** : 「10月31日を **以て** SEを辞{や}めます。」 = \"I shall leave SE **as of** October\n31.\"\n\n**Reason** : 「交通違反{こうつういはん}を **以て** ドミノピザより解雇{かいこ}となった。」 = \"(Someone) has been\nfired by Domino Pizza **for** traffic violations.\"\n\n**Method** : 「毒{どく}を **以て** 毒を制{せい}す。」 = \"Fight fire **with** fire.\"\nLiterally, \"Control poison with poison.\"\n\n**Emphasis** : 「レレクトゥールの回答{かいとう}は全{まった}く **以て** 意味不明{いみふめい}だ。」 =\n\"@l'électeur's answer is just completely nonsensical.\" In this sentence, 「以て」\nis used purely for emphasis; therefore, the sentence's meaning will not change\nif 「以て」 is dropped.\n\nThere are a couple of other advanced usages of 「以て」, but I will not get into\nthat.\n\n> (1) But if the entire expression just means それで, what is the role of the\n> 以って（以て）? Is it actually adding meaning? I mean, should it actually be\n> thought of as それで＋以って？\n\nThe role is to emphasize 「それで」. As I stated above, dropping the 「以て」 will not\nchange the meaning of 「それで」 one bit. For people who do use 「そ（れ/ん）でもって」\nregularly, I am pretty sure it is just \"one word\".\n\nOne thing that I kind of hesitated to mention earlier is the \"good\" rhythm the\nphrase 「そんでもって」 creates for the native speakers. It sounds lively with both a\nん and a small っ in such a short expression. Sound is most important in\nJapanese because after all, Japanese has been a spoken language for most of\nits history. Sound was all we had. Need I mention our countless onomatopoeias?\n\n> (2) Would it be considered slang or standard?\n\nIt is colloquial, informal, conversational, etc. I would not call it slang as\nit is not something understood exclusively by special groups of people.\n\nUse it, if you want to, only with your friends and family in informal\nsituations.\n\n> (3) How often is it used and does usage frequency change with age bracket or\n> gender?\n\nAs I mentioned earlier, it is not used by \"everyone\" -- at least not on a\nregular basis. It is often the same people who \"habitually\" use 「そんでもって」.\n\nAge and gender have little to do with the usage frequency, but you will\nrarely, if ever, hear a toddler use it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-03T01:44:59.470",
"id": "72241",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-10-25T10:24:43.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72063",
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"score": 9
}
] |
72063
|
72241
|
72241
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72066",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching an anime, and this is the context: prior to the series, the\nmain character went in hiding after betraying her peers, since she was the\nonly against a peace she deemed fake; while revealing herself and basically\ndeclaring war against her ex-peers, she says this:\n\n> 今こそ雌伏の網よりいでて偽りの平穏を破らん\n\nIn the following I'm assuming `いでて` is `出{い}ず`, since I found that as the only\npossible meaning.\n\nI know `ぬ` - a negative ending - can be shortened to `ん`, so I'd translate\nthat as \"Now we'll leave this obscuring net and won't destroy this false\npeace\", but it didn't make sense in the situation, and the English subtitles\nindeed were \"We shall remove the shackles and destroy this sham of a truce\".\n\nFor what's worth, Google Translate concurs in translating `偽りの平穏を破らん` as\n\"Break the false peace\", while Weblio does not (its translation being \"I do\nnot break false peace\").\n\nI'm at a bit of a loss here: I can't find any reference to a form like `破らん`\nbeing used in the positive, but given the situation I'm pretty sure that's the\nright translation, since the main character is basically declaring war and she\nhas already stated she was against that false peace.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T17:23:12.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72064",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-18T00:59:35.390",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-18T00:59:35.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"classical-japanese",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Verb ending in -ん with positive meaning?",
"view_count": 805
}
|
[
{
"body": "That ん isn't a shortening of ぬ, it's a shortening of the auxiliary\n[む](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%80).\n\nAccording to Classical Japanese rules, the negative ~ぬ is the 連体形 of ~ず. This\nmeans it is used to modify nouns. In particular, you cannot end a sentence\nwith it, so that means that this ん cannot be an abbreviation of ~ぬ. In modern\nJapanese, the distinction between 連体形 and 終止形 has been lost, but in the past\nit mattered. I think a contracted ん in Classical Japanese is generally a\ncontraction of ~む.\n\nThe auxiliary む is mostly used like the volitional is used in modern day\nJapanese. So you can think of it like 破ろう.\n\nSome more info:\n\n * [What is the difference between the negative forms -ず and -ぬ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/235/what-is-the-difference-between-the-negative-forms-%e3%81%9a-and-%e3%81%ac)\n * [Wiktionary entry for ん](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%93)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T17:45:36.200",
"id": "72066",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T20:45:38.990",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T20:45:38.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "72064",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
72064
|
72066
|
72066
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please allow to establish the context.\n\nThere is 1990 roleplaying video game titled “Illumina!” (Japanese title:\nイルミナ!), which is one of Cocktail Soft's products.\n\nIn the game, there is an evil necromancer named Rasuneti (Japanese name:\nラスネティ). As the game goes on, she becomes a threat to the protagonist. Their\nconfrontation finally ends with the protagonist running his sword through her\nheart. At that point, she says the following:\n\n> ば…ばかな…私が…こんな…\n\nI think the translation goes something like this:\n\n> Ab...absurd...I am...like this...\n\nI know that こんな usually means “such” or “like this”, but when I see the word\nbeing used like this in Japanese media, I keep getting the feeling that it is\nbeing used to mean something else.\n\nAm I on the right track? What does it mean in that context?\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T18:08:09.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72067",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T07:46:56.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does こんな mean in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think when used like that there is usually something not said, like in this\ncase it could be `こんなことあり得ない`, \"It's not possible something like this [to be\ndefeated by the hero]\", or `私がこんなふうに殺された`, \"Ab... absurd... me being killed\nlike this...\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T18:41:05.583",
"id": "72068",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T07:46:56.020",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T07:46:56.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "72067",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72067
| null |
72068
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've seen two writings of this on Duolingo and Jisho. Either as 速い or 早い. I\nbelieve both are read as はやい, but which of the two is more relevant in\nexpressing how fast something is or how early someone arrives?\n\nI can imagine 速{はや}い used in a sentence like this, 電車{でんしや}は速{はや}いです or Trains\nare fast.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T20:22:18.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72069",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-24T20:25:14.847",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-24T20:25:14.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "32971",
"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Express fast speed or someone arriving early",
"view_count": 57
}
|
[] |
72069
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context is the song 「その血の記憶」：\n\n> 空白のラストページに… _Into [dative of motion towards] a blank LAST PAGE,_\n>\n> そのこぶしを叩き込めーッ！ _[Star Platinum] will throw that fist (???)_\n>\n> End of THE WORLD！その血の記憶！ _End of THE WORLD! That blood's memory!_\n>\n> (オラオラオラオラオラオラオラオラ／無駄無駄無駄無駄無駄無駄無駄無駄{むだむだむだむだむだむだむだむだ})\n\nPoint of confusion is 叩き込め. It definitely derives from 叩{たた}き込{こ}む. The\nconjugation is the problem.\n\n * It ends in an `e`-series mora so it should be either imperative or participial.\n * `me` is not a valid contraction for any `*ite`, so it can't be participial.\n * Therefore it's imperative, \"Throw that fist into a blank LAST PAGE!\"\n\nAlthough this makes syntactic sense it seems wrong, as if this were an\nimperative it would be the only imperative in the entire song which would be a\nmassive shift in structure. What is the syntax here?\n\n(For the record, the JoJo wiki translates this into english with a future\nindicative.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-24T21:19:19.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72070",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T03:38:06.030",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33716",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"syntax"
],
"title": "～め ending, apparently not imperative?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 叩き込め is nothing but an imperative (i.e., \"Crusaders, throw your fist!\").\nAlthough 叩き込め is the only imperative verb in the [entire\nlyrics](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-74528.html), it's used four times, so\nyou can think it's the main \"message\" of the song.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T03:38:06.030",
"id": "72074",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T03:38:06.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72070
| null |
72074
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72075",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in a flashback, a Cuban boxer is thinking back to when he was in Cuba\nbefore seeking asylum (亡命) and migrating to America. He had just won a gold\nmedal for his country in the Olympics.\n\n> 国のためとか… **小せェもんに縛られてる** から底辺止まりなんだよ 凡人共が\n\nMy literal translation attempt is:\n\n> For their country, ordinary people remain in the lower classes because they\n> are bound by little things.\n\nWhat is the meaning of 小せェもんに縛られてる? I understand the literal meaning, but what\nis he actually referring to? Is this some kind of metaphor I am not getting?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/irx0w.jpg)\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T03:04:28.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72072",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T15:10:39.270",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T15:10:39.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "34281",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"manga",
"passive-voice",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 小せェもんに縛られてる",
"view_count": 537
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 小せえもん (\"trivial things\") is a paraphrase of 国のため(とか). It's read like\n`trivial things such as \"for our country\"` or `\"For our country\"... such\ntrivial things`. In other words, this guy is making light of petty\nnationalism, and seeing something even bigger than Cuba.\n\nEDIT: In case you missed it, this が after 凡人共 is a derogatory vocative-like\nparticle, e.g., \"この馬鹿者が!\" = \"You idiot!\" It's also working as the implied\nsubject of 縛られてる and 底辺止まり, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T03:44:47.500",
"id": "72075",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T10:09:24.783",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T10:09:24.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72072",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
72072
|
72075
|
72075
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "sentence: 私の犬は目が青くて、耳がグレーです。\n\nWhy is it not 私の犬の目? I cant differentiate between は and の when used as\npossessives",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T04:25:13.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72076",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T05:59:40.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35471",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "usage of は and の as posesssives",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "This は is not a possession marker but a **topic** marker. A very literal\ntranslation of your sentence is:\n\n> 私の犬 **は** 目が青くて、耳がグレーです。 \n> **As for** my dog, eyes are blue and ears are gray.\n\nYou are presenting two facts (\"blue eyes\" and \"gray ears\") about the dog, so\nthe topic of the whole sentence is 私の犬 (\"my dog\").\n\nThis `A + は + B + が + predicate` is a very common pattern in Japanese. If you\nare not familiar with this, please read:\n\n * [What is a topic prominent language?](https://eastasiastudent.net/study/topic-prominent/)\n * [Japanese/Grammar/Basic Particles](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese/Grammar/Basic_Particles)\n * [Topic-prominent language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic-prominent_language)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T05:59:40.633",
"id": "72079",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T05:59:40.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72076",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
72076
| null |
72079
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72085",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I asked a Japanese about the difference between 並々ならぬ and 並外れた, he gave\nme a couple of examples how he uses the words:\n\n * 並々ならぬ身体能力（✕） 並はずれた身体能力（〇）\n * 並々ならぬお世話 （〇） 並はずれたお世話 （✕）\n\nI also consulted the dictionary, but it didn't provide much information about\nhow to distinguish the two. Could you tell me how to use the two words wisely?\nand when they are not interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T05:22:34.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72078",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T11:43:53.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Word choice between 並々ならぬ and 並外れた",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "並外れた is used to describe someone's talent/ability/beauty/enthusiasm/etc that\nis _truly and objectively_ exceptional and extraordinary.\n\n並々ならぬ describes something that is much better or bigger than\naverage/necessary. It's also a word commonly used to flatter someone in formal\ngreetings, as in your example. You can use 並々ならぬ身体能力, 並々ならぬ努力 or 並々ならぬ才能 to\npraise someone, but we don't use it to describe a true genius.\n\nExamples:\n\n * イチローの並外れた才能: OK\n * イチローの並々ならぬ才能: a little odd because he is truly exceptional\n * 彼女は並外れた努力を重ねてきた: OK (she is truly exceptional)\n * 彼女は並々ならぬ努力を重ねてきた: OK\n * 彼は並外れた愛情を娘に注いできた: sounds a bit pathological\n * 彼は並々ならぬ愛情を娘に注いできた: OK\n * 私は政治に並外れた興味を持っています: NG (how can you prove it?)\n * 私は政治に並々ならぬ興味を持っています: OK",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T11:43:53.093",
"id": "72085",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T11:43:53.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72078",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72078
|
72085
|
72085
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72081",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The word ビール (beer) is commonly used. According to [the\ndictionary](https://jisho.org/search/beer), there is the Japanese word 麦酒\n(ばくしゅ), which means the same. But I have never heard it. Is it used these days\nor not anymore?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T06:50:23.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72080",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T13:27:54.543",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T09:03:30.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "31549",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "麦酒 (ばくしゅ) for \"beer\"",
"view_count": 870
}
|
[
{
"body": "麦酒 is no longer used, although it remains in some company names\n([example](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%92%E9%BA%9F%E9%BA%A6%E9%85%92)).\n\n[青空文庫全文検索](http://myokoym.net/aozorasearch/) provides the frequency data based\non the birth year of authors. According to\n[this](http://myokoym.net/aozorasearch/search?word=%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB)\nand [this](http://myokoym.net/aozorasearch/search?word=%E9%BA%A6%E9%85%92), 麦酒\nwas a less common alternative for ビール already before WWII. 麦酒 dropped out of\nuse somewhere after WWII (I think it's very soon after WWII; my grandfather in\nhis nineties uses ビール).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T07:10:34.543",
"id": "72081",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T07:10:34.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "It might not be common that a large manufacturer like Asahi making beer whose\nname contain 麦酒{ばくしゅ}. I think there are some microbrewery in Japan making\ncraft beer whose name contain \"麦{ばく}酒{しゅ} or the company name contains\n麦酒{ばくしゅ} such as the company 「日本語:\n[北海道麦酒醸造株式会社](http://hokkaidobeer.com/product/otarubeer/), 英語:\n[\"HokkaidoBrewing\"](https://www.hokkaidobrewingusa.com/hokkaidobrewing)」. I\nthink you often can buy\n「[小樽麦酒{おたるばくしゅ}](http://hokkaidobeer.com/product/otarubeer/)」by the company at\nsupermarket or some convenience store and it seems it's exported to oversea,\nat least US. I guess it's fruity. It's a nice ale.\n\nThere is a list of brewery and pub :[ブルワリーリスト](http://beer-\ncruise.net/beer/BreweryList.html) at the site called _\"Beer Cruise\"_. It\ncontains「[京都{きょうと}麦酒{ばくしゅ}](http://kizakura.co.jp/ja/prod_data/info.php?type=items3&id=IC000094)」\nby [黄桜{きざくら}](http://kizakura.co.jp/) : Kizakura Co.,Ltd], a large 日本酒{にほんしゅ}\nmanufacturer is also making the craft beer. So, probably not only a beer\nmanufacturer, but also a 日本酒{にほんしゅ} manufacturer privately making 麦酒{ばくしゅ}, a\ncraft beer, and is serving at their \"brewery and pub\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t4bEe.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T13:27:54.543",
"id": "72089",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T13:27:54.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72080
|
72081
|
72081
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72084",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "コンピューターの技術は、ここ10年でずいぶんです。\n\nWhat does ここ10年でずいぶんです mean.\n\nずいぶん means remarkable (I searched from a website),but I don't know what で\nfunctions and what ここ10年 means.\n\nIn my opinion, I think it means \"Computer technology will be remarkable in\nthis 10 years\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T08:17:39.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72083",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T09:07:16.053",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T08:46:49.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "32181",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "ここ10年でずいぶん's meaning",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the comment, the correct sentence is:\n\n> コンピューターの技術は、 **ここ10年で** ずいぶん **進んでいます** 。 \n> The computer technology **has advanced** greatly **in the last 10 years**.\n\nOr:\n\n> コンピューターの技術は、 **ここ10年で** ずいぶん **進みました** 。 \n> The computer technology **advanced** greatly **in the last 10 years**.\n\n`ここ + time-length` is a way to say \"last ～\". For example ここ3日で is \"in the last\nthree days\". To say \"next ～\", you can use この先. For example この先3日で means \"in\nthe next three days\". This particle で is a equivalent of English \"in\" used\nwith a time frame.\n\nThis means the sentence is about the **past** 10 years, so you have to\nconjugate 進む (\"to advance\") into either the -teiru form or the past (-ta)\nform.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T09:07:16.053",
"id": "72084",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T09:07:16.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72083",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72083
|
72084
|
72084
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72103",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "After reading, [What's the difference between 変態 and 痴女 (or\n痴漢)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46969/34281), I did a few word\nsearches.\n\nJisho lists multiple words when searching for the term\n[Whore](https://jisho.org/search/Whore):\n\n * [売女](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A3%B2%E5%A5%B3) - prostitute; whore\n\n * [街娼](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A1%97%E5%A8%BC) - prostitute; whore; streetwalker\n\nCan someone explain the difference?\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Multiple common kanji for a word: which to use?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23607/34281)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T13:22:22.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72087",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T04:32:18.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34281",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 売女 vs 街娼?",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both 売女{ばいた} and 街娼{がいしょう} are derogatory terms. So, they aren't used at all.\nThe following are more often heard:\n\n[風俗嬢{ふうぞくじょう}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97%E5%AC%A2) is\nused as \"prostitute\".\n\n[立{た}ちんぼ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A1%E3%82%93%E3%81%BC_\\(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF\\))\nis used as \"streetwalker\".\n\nThese words do not connote [\" _puta madre_\n\"](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=puta%20madre) in Spanish.\nSo you can't use them as a compliment.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T23:11:13.103",
"id": "72103",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T04:32:18.440",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T04:32:18.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72087",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72087
|
72103
|
72103
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, the term is used for a special room where a man sets things up for\nhis own personal use and enjoyment, his private space for entertainment and\nhobbies. The room is decorated and used by the man. I found the term 男の洞窟 in\ndefinitions but it indicates an actual cave. I initially assumed that the term\nwas written in katakana, because it is an English slang term, but was\nunsuccessful. I was searching for a term to indicate the emphasis on a special\nroom where the man is the primary user.",
"comment_count": 23,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T13:22:48.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72088",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T16:41:20.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T14:49:55.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"expressions",
"slang"
],
"title": "What is the word for \"man cave\"?",
"view_count": 400
}
|
[
{
"body": "Personally I haven't seen this term being used around in Japanese literature\nmuch. The reason why might be because how small most housing is in Japan, the\ncreation of a man cave would be somewhat luxurious. So there might be no real\nequivalent other than putting your manstuff in the same room as the bedroom or\ncommon space. That said:\n\nThe easiest is to treat it as a loanword. マンケーブ seems to pop up a few results\nin a quick google.\n\nWeblio suggests the use of\n[男用{おとこよう}の部屋{へや}](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%94%B7%E7%94%A8%E3%81%AE%E9%83%A8%E5%B1%8B),\nwhich transmits the intent of a room aimed for male use. 趣味{しゅみ} instead of 男用\nwould transmit the hobby part albeit not specifying male use.\n\nUsing a pronoun might help to identify exclusive use. 俺{おれ}の隠{かく}れ家{が} for \"My\nman cave/hideout\" could work, giving off the meaning of a space of retreat and\nrelaxation. In the same vein, 俺{おれ}の秘密{ひみつ}基地{きち} might be good too, to give\nthe vibe of a secret hideaway.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T16:02:25.043",
"id": "72092",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T16:41:20.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T16:41:20.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "5427",
"owner_user_id": "5427",
"parent_id": "72088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72088
|
72092
|
72092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72091",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just received an email from a good friend in Japan, who has notably over the\npast few months been instrumental in connecting me to various people, for some\nresearch interviews I've been conducting.\n\nThe data collection phase of the research has long been completed, but she has\njust sent me an email with some additional data attached. Given we haven't\ncommunicated for some time (as I've been writing up the results of the\nresearch, and the phase of research she was helping with is over), her email\nstarts thus:\n\n> ヘンリー\n>\n> ご無沙汰しています。\n\nI'm aware of the meaning of the phrase 「ご無沙汰しています」 -- but how best to respond\nto it in my reply?\n\nWould a simple 「こちらこそ」 suffice, or would maybe 「私もご無沙汰しています」be better?\n\nI had also considered 「ご無沙汰していますね」 but I don't know if that's got a\npotentially rude connotation here (i.e. I'm somehow highlighting the lack of\ncommunication on her side, rather than agreeing to the plain fact that we've\nnot communicated for a while).\n\nMany thanks! よろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T14:12:54.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72090",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T02:47:47.827",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T02:47:47.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions",
"word-usage",
"set-phrases",
"email"
],
"title": "How best to respond to 「ご無沙汰しています」",
"view_count": 988
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you were speaking then こちらこそ alone would be fine, but since it is email, I\nthink it would be best to add ご無沙汰しています。\n\n> こちらこそ、ご無沙汰しています。\n\nThis is to avoid the disconnect of \"こちらこそ about what?\"\n\nIf she is even a little 目上 or you just want to express added politeness change\nthe います to おります。\n\n> こちらこそ、ご無沙汰しております。\n\nBoth of these versions can be modified with words like すっかり as in\n\n> こちらこそ、すっかりご無沙汰してます。\n\nOn the other end of the spectrum, if you want to keep everything more casual,\n\n> ご無沙汰していますね\n\ncan work too, but I think it is more of a spoken expression.\n\nAs you may already know, the more casual you get, the more options you have. \nAside from `ご無沙汰していますね` you could also say\n\n> お久しぶりです。お元気でしたか。\n\nOr even\n\n> メールありがとうございます。お元気でしたか？\n\nThese casual replies all work if you are certain of the closeness of your\nrelationship.\n\n**Many thanks to Chocolateさん who helped me flesh out this answer with many\nmore options**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T14:25:04.960",
"id": "72091",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T09:45:40.113",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T09:45:40.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "72090",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
72090
|
72091
|
72091
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72094",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the sentence:\n\n> 今日は宿題があります。\n\nwould I use\n\n在る or 有る?\n\n(I know that today it's almost always written in Kana) Thanks in advance :)!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T16:14:17.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72093",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T22:58:47.167",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T16:15:08.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "35479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice",
"old-japanese",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "aru Kanji confusion",
"view_count": 566
}
|
[
{
"body": "有る is for possession; 在る is for existence. Though there can be some overlap.\nAnd 或る (even though you didn't ask) is actually an adjective for \"a\nparticular/certain\", like in `ある日に...`.\n\nSo in this case, I'm mostly certain it would be 有る since you \"have\" homework.\n\nHere are some words that might help remember the difference:\n\n## 有\n\n * 所有 → one's possessions; ownership\n * 有罪 → guilty; \"having\" guilt\n * 共有 → sharing; joint ownership\n * 有料 → something that costs money (as opposed to free 無料); \"having\" a cost\n * 有力 → strong; influential; \"having\" power\n\n## 在\n\n * 所在 → whereabouts\n * 存在 → existence\n * 在日 → living/staying in Japan (particularly used for foreigners)\n * 現在 → the present (time)\n * 在庫 → inventory (merchandise)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T16:28:16.713",
"id": "72094",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T22:58:47.167",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T22:58:47.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "72093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Just a little bit of background on this:\n\nAs you mentioned, it is generally written as `ある` these days. In the past,\nthere was a clearer differentiation based on grammatical properties, i.e. that\n`有る` was used in a transitive sense like `Xを所有する` ('to possess X'), whereas\n`在る` was used in an intransitive sense like `Xが存在する` ('X exists'). However,\nthat distinction seems to have become blurred somewhat since the Hiragana `ある`\nbecame dominant.\n\nNonetheless, you can make an argument that if you were to use kanji to\nrepresent `ある`, you could base your choice on those older usages mentioned\nabove. In the case of your specific example, there is an implied subject to\nthe sentence (私は is omitted but clearly understood) and an object to the\nsentence (宿題). This would mean that the transitive sense of 所有する would be a\nmore appropriate choice.\n\n**Therefore the correct choice would be`有る`** - assuming that you are\ncommunicating the meaning 'I' the subject of the sentence, have homework\ntoday.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T16:41:15.353",
"id": "72095",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T16:41:15.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "72093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72093
|
72094
|
72094
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72106",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know **how to say the terms \"oneirism\"* and \"oneiric film\" in\nJapanese**.\n\nI've been searching for these terms in several dictionaries ENG-JAP, but the\nonly result I get is \"not matches have been found\".\n\nThanks a lot in advance for your help!\n\n*Oneirism = Alteration of consciousness characterized by the appearance of fantasies similar to those of dreams, with loss of the sense of reality.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T18:28:49.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72096",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T04:35:49.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"oneirism\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "Are you looking for a medical (psychiatric) term, or are you looking for a\nword laypeople know? Anyway, candidates include:\n\n * 白昼夢: \"daydream\"; a dream seen while awake\n * 夢想(的): \"dream; vision\"; basically a stiff kango version of 夢\n * 幻覚(的): \"hallucination\"; a psychiatric term known to laypeople; usually not associated with fantastical elements or decreased consciousness level\n * 幻想(的): \"fantasy\" as shown in [this picture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneiroid_syndrome#/media/File:Great-Moon-Hoax-1835-New-York-Sun-lithograph-298px.jpg)\n * 夢幻(様): a rare psychiatric term used to translate [oneiroid state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneiroid_syndrome); but it's also [widely used with no clear meaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18356/5010) in various fictional contexts\n * サイケデリック: \"psychedelic\" like [this](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&as_q=lucy%20in%20the%20sky%20with%20diamonds)\n * 譫妄: \"delirium\", a common psychiatric term\n\nIf you are looking for the best Japanese medical term to describe oneiroid\nstate or oneiroid hallucination as described in English Wikipedia, I would\nchoose 夢幻様症状 or 夢幻様体験. But the concept itself seems to be little-known, and it\nmay be categorized simply as 譫妄 today.\n\nIf you are looking for a word everyone understands, I believe there is no\nestablished translation, so you have to choose one of the above words\ndepending on your purpose. If vividness is important, 幻覚 or サイケデリック may be\nused. If the fantastical aspect (e.g, unicorn, fairy, ...) is important, 幻想\nmay be better. Otherwise simple 夢想 may be the safest. Can you name a few films\nwhich you think is oneiric?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T01:50:09.667",
"id": "72106",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T04:35:49.887",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T04:35:49.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72096",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72096
|
72106
|
72106
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72104",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼はひとたまりもなくかつて両親に行ったように反乱軍に跪いてみせた。\n\n[no real context, only an example sentence for\n跪く](http://yourei.jp/%E8%B7%AA%E3%81%8F)\n\n反乱軍に跪く is more obvious, kneeling at/towards 反乱軍.\n\n両親に行った I'm far less certain of.\n\nHow should I look at this?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T21:38:58.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72100",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T02:09:01.583",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T02:09:01.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "に in 両親に行ったように反乱軍に跪いてみせた",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are multiple にs in your sample sentence, and it's not clear which one\nyou're asking about, so let's just look at the whole thing.\n\n### Breaking it down\n\nHere's your whole sentence, with furigana added.\n\n> 彼【かれ】はひとたまりもなくかつて両親【りょうしん】に行【おこな】ったように反乱軍【はんらんぐん】に跪{ひざまず}いてみせた。\n\nWhat is this at its simplest?\n\nWe break out the topic marked by the は, and the main verb at the end.\n\n> 彼【かれ】はひとたまりもなくかつて両親【りょうしん】に行【おこな】ったように反乱軍【はんらんぐん】に跪【ひざまず】いてみせた。 \n> 彼【かれ】は 跪【ひざまず】いてみせた。 \n> 彼【かれ】は ... 跪【ひざまず】いてみせた。 \n> He ... bent the knee.\n\nOkay. So we know that much: this is the core of the statement. The other\npieces are descriptors that tell us more about the scene and context.\n\nBreaking these out, we might parse the sentence like this:\n\n> 彼【かれ】は 跪【ひざまず】いてみせた。 \n> ひとたまりもなく \n> かつて両親【りょうしん】に行【おこな】ったように \n> 反乱軍【はんらんぐん】に\n\nLet's look at each of these descriptor pieces in turn.\n\n> ひと たまり も なく \n> one build-up `[EVEN]` not-ly → \n> without a single pause, without any resistance\n\nThis appears to be an idiomatic phrase. On its own, たまり has various meanings\nthat don't lend themselves to this idiom in any immediately obvious fashion\n(\"a kind of soy sauce\", \"a hang-out for taxi drivers\", etc. ). Looking more at\nthe underlying verb たまる, we see meanings like \"to build up, to accumulate\",\nand by extension, \"to hold out, to hang on\", which is more where this idiom\ncomes from.\n\n> かつて 両親【りょうしん】 に 行【おこな】った よう に \n> formerly parents `[TO]` performed way `[IN]` → \n> in the way [he] formerly did to his parents, like he used to do to his\n> parents\n\nThis has two of the に particles. The first one is on 両親【りょうしん】, and indicates\nthe direction of the action. The second is on よう, and is the adverbial に. As\nthe phrase ように, this indicates \"in that fashion, in that way, in that manner\".\n\n> 反乱軍【はんらんぐん】 に \n> rebel army `[TO]`\n\nThis に is again a directional, indicating toward whom the action was\nperformed.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above analysis does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T00:08:39.787",
"id": "72104",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T02:06:47.587",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T02:06:47.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72100",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72100
|
72104
|
72104
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dJxBnRth-A&t=1m40s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dJxBnRth-A&t=1m40s)\n\nNeed 日本語字幕 subtitles for this short 11 second announcement heard in the\nbackground. I've listened to this for over a decade, and could never\nunderstand what the intercom voice is saying in japanese.\n\n1:40-1:51\n\n「ウェルナー・フォン・ミュラーさま･･･」\n\n「ウェルナー・フォン・ミュラーさま･･･」\n\n**(ち きゅう/急)**中門ホールまでお越しください。\n\n間のなく、**(りはたり/記者会議)**を開始いたします。\n\nOver Intercom:\n\nMr. Verner Von Bluecher! Mr. Verner Von Bluecher!\n\nPlease report to the Central Hall!\n\nThe press conference is about to begin.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T22:53:07.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72101",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T02:01:16.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "Need help with the famous 11 second intercom audio from Mega Man Legends 2",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "至急、間もなく、リハーサル. The rest seems right (though I can’t quite make out the word\nbefore ホール myself. It sounds more like 入門... **EDIT** : per @naruto’s comment,\nit is indeed likely 中央.)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-25T23:01:54.117",
"id": "72102",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T02:01:16.027",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T02:01:16.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "72101",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72101
| null |
72102
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72107",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Wordpress team always uses `いじります` for fixing/editing code files. I somehow\ncan understand it is \"Editing\", or \"Fixing\", or \"Modifying\".\n\nBut I just want to know it clear. Google translated to \"messing around\", or\n\"playing toy\" :D\n\nBelow is the sample WordPress team used to modify some files, they wrote this\nmessage to inform other members do not touch those files. (They are not good\nat git and they don't have good environment to develop and control source\ncode!)\n\n```\n\n wordpress\\themes\\abc\\header.php\n wordpress\\themes\\abc\\css\\layout.css\n いじります。\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T01:31:18.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72105",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T08:24:19.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31550",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of いじります in Information Technology?",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's like \"touch\", \"play around\" or \"hack\". 編集 \"edit\", 修正 \"fix\" and 変更\n\"modify\" are formal kango words, but perhaps they wanted to use more loose and\ninformal word.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T02:20:33.183",
"id": "72107",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T06:11:56.120",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T06:11:56.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72105",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Japanese programmers routinely use it as a “いじる” or “触{さわ}る” when editing or\nchanging code. The code is anthropomorphic.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-02T08:24:19.260",
"id": "72229",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T08:24:19.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35547",
"parent_id": "72105",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72105
|
72107
|
72107
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72112",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to the translator, 編修 and 編集 are pronounced as \"Henshū\" and given\nthe same meaning of \"Edit\". Also, both can be used as a noun.\n\nSo are there any specific situations to use these words?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T03:15:29.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72108",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T06:33:05.993",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T04:52:30.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "35473",
"owner_user_id": "35473",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 編修 and 編集?",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is some degree of overlap, but here is the basic difference.\n\n**編集** is a very common word that means \"edit(ing)\". In the publishing\nindustry, 編集 mainly involves DTP works, typo correction, terminology\nstandardization, cover design, creating an index, and so on. A professional\n編集者 (editor) working at an editorial office of a publishing company also does\nscheduling, planning, budgeting, calling for articles, etc. 編集 also means\nediting of a video file, programming source code, etc.\n\n**編修** is a relatively uncommon term which is more like \"compilation\". It's\nabout gathering materials from various sources and making a large work such as\nanthology, encyclopedia, and chronology. A person who does 編修 is not a DTP\noperator but an expert of a certain academic field. **編纂** is a more common\nand less confusing synonym. Admittedly, a person who does 編修 also does 編集 to\nsome degree, so the borderline is sometimes blurry. 辞書の編集 and 辞書の編修 seem to be\nused almost interchangeably.\n\nFor example, an odrinary novel doesn't need 編修, but every book needs 編集. When\nin doubt, you can just think \"editing\" normally corresponds to 編集.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T06:09:05.760",
"id": "72112",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T06:33:05.993",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T06:33:05.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72108
|
72112
|
72112
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "近所に刑務所ができることになって、少し不安です. In this sentence is 近所に working as an adverb? Since\n近所 could be a na-adjective",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T04:50:47.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72109",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T05:41:38.690",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T05:12:07.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "近所に as an adverb",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "近所【きんじょ】 is not a _-na_ adjective, but rather a noun, meaning \"neighborhood,\nvicinity, the nearby area\". See [the Weblio EJ\nentry](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E8%BF%91%E6%89%80), for instance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T05:13:43.063",
"id": "72110",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T05:13:43.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72109",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The に in 近所に points to the location where the prison will be built (刑務所ができる).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T05:41:38.690",
"id": "72111",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T05:41:38.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "72109",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72109
| null |
72110
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72115",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see there are many different words for bookstore: 本屋, 書店, 書肆, 書籍商 and even\nブックストー. What is the difference between all of these bookshops?\n\nI guess the most common word is 本屋, and ブックストー must be a slightly \"cooler\"\nequivalent (I hear that Japanese people, especially young ones, like to use\nsuch English borrowings because they sound more modern and \"cool\"). But I'm\nnot sure about the other words. Also, could you please comment on the opinion,\nor rather observation, about the use of English borrowings. Does ブックストー really\nsound fancier than 本屋?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T07:29:43.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72113",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T12:10:03.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T07:36:44.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "31549",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"synonyms",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Different words for bookshop",
"view_count": 276
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ブックストー」 should be 「ブックストア」 for the word: bookstore. And I am not sure if\n「ブックストア」 sounds fancy or not, because I would not use ブックストア or ブックショップ for\nbookstore. The name with \"romaji style bookstore\" should be ブックセンター. The most\nfamous one is [八{や}重{え}洲{す}ブックセンター](https://www.yaesu-book.co.jp/), which is\nlocated close to Tokyo Station.\n\n * 本屋{ほんや} normally implies a bookstore which is selling books, stationery, etc. at a building that actually exists. It should be called _brick and mortar_ in English.\n * 書店{しょてん} can be used for online booksellers, bookstores that have physical presence, and publishing companies such as 秋田{あきた}書店{しょてん}, which is famous for selling baseball manga like 「[ドカベン](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokaben)」.\n\nI have seldom seen 書肆{しょし}. However, 書肆{しょし} seems to be also called 書林{しょりん}\nby [精選版\n日本国語大辞典](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9B%B8%E8%82%86-534556#%E7%B2%BE%E9%81%B8%E7%89%88%20%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8).\nI see bookstores selling mainly old books have 書林{しょりん} in their name.\n\nA similar name 書房{しょぼう} is used for both bookstores and publishing companies.\nA famous one is [早川{はやかわ}書房{しょぼう}](https://www.hayakawa-online.co.jp/), which\nmainly publishes mystery, sci-fi and non-fiction.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T11:25:36.290",
"id": "72115",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T12:10:03.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T12:10:03.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72113
|
72115
|
72115
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Context: a boy is always been a head shorter than a friend of his, and he\nalways said:\n\n> いつか、必ず抜いたるけんな\n\nwhich I think I can quite understand (\"Someday, I'm sure I'll surpass him\"),\nbut not really, since the whole `抜いたるけんな` baffles me.\n\nI did some research, and I found that `けん` [can stand for\n`から`](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47511/%E3%81%91%E3%82%93-in-%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80-dialect),\nbut I'm not sure this is the case (see later).\n\nAbout `たる` I found a couple of questions\n([this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40891/please-help-me-\nunderstand-this-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8B) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6985/meaning-\nof-%E3%82%8B-in-%E5%95%8F%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8B)) which don't\nquite seem to apply, since in the first the structure is different (`stem-たる`,\nwhile above is `short past-る`), and in both is attributive, while above it\ndoesn't seem so (unless it's attributive to `けん`, in which case it doesn't\nmean `から` and I don't understand it's meaning).\n\nAbout `な` I think it's just and ending particle, maybe for emphasis.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T08:41:09.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72114",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T09:18:47.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles",
"grammar"
],
"title": "~たる form of a verb",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[] |
72114
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72117",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to [this](http://www.yesjapan.com/YJ6/question/4954/how-do-you-say-\nyou-are-in-my-heart), the translation would be:\n\n> あなたは わたしの こころに います。\n\nThat seems simple enough. However, the same source claims it's not in use, and\nrecommends the following instead:\n\n> いつも あなたのことを おもっています。\n\nI don't get how it's the same.\n\nThe first one implies romantic feelings, while the second one can mean\nanything. There are many reasons for thinking about someone.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T13:13:38.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72116",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T22:08:40.440",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T13:18:09.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "35488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese equivalent of 'you're in my heart'?",
"view_count": 3461
}
|
[
{
"body": "Culturally, Japanese people are not as publicly direct about their deepest\nfeelings. In English speaking cultures, we use the phrase \"I love you\" a LOT.\nIt can be for an intimate relationship, or it can be used for a best friend\nwith no romantic undertones. You won't hear the Japanese people say 愛している the\nsame way Americans tend to use the English equivalent.\n\nThis is because in Japanese culture, you tend to 'beat around the bush.' In\nother words, the Japanese language isn't as direct in what they say... At\nleast in literal translation. Once you get the hang of the culture, you'll get\nused to the indirect directness of the Japanese language.\n\nLet's break down the second sentence a little bit to help you understand\nwhat's going on here.\n\n**いつも** - Always, or at all times.\n\n**あなたのこと** - literally translated as `your things.` In general usage, however,\nwe can take this to mean `everything about you.` I would take this to include\nphysical and emotional characteristics of the individual in question.\n\n**を** - object marker.\n\n**おもっています** - to be thinking about. Used in combination with いつも, you get the\nimplication that you hold what you are thinking about dear to you... in your\nheart if you will.\n\nBringing it all together, you get the literal translation:\n\n> I'm always thinking about you.\n\nBut if we add on to the sentence to capture true implications of what is being\nsaid (indirect though it may be):\n\n> I'm always thinking about you, your smile, the way you laugh, your beauty,\n> everything. (I hold these thoughts dear to me.)\n\nAll things considered, I think that this is an appropriate Japanese\napproximation of `You're always in my heart.` You'll find this frequently in\nstudying different languages, but sometimes English idioms are translated\ncompletely different in Japanese. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/70539/what-is-the-\nmeaning-\nof-%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%AF%E8%B6%8A%E3%81%88%E3%81%9F%E3%82%88/70545#70545), for\nexample.\n\nFinally, this is a prime example of my final point. You will find that often\nin Japanese, what is implied carries a lot more meaning than what is said. So\njust because something doesn't appear as direct as you expect doesn't mean\nthat it isn't. It is easy for the Japanese learner to be deceived in this\nrespect.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T13:40:07.527",
"id": "72117",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T22:08:40.440",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T22:08:40.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "72116",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
72116
|
72117
|
72117
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> デートを **直前に** キャンセルして、彼女をかんかんに怒らせてしまいました。\n\nIn this example is 直前に an adverb?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T15:06:59.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72120",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T16:30:52.980",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T16:30:52.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "直前に adverb or not",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "直前に is [**adverbial**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_phrase) because\nit modifies some verb, but it's not a (single-word) **adverb**. 直前に is a\n**phrase** made of two words (a noun 直前 and a particle に), so it doesn't make\nmuch sense to ask if it's an adverb or not in the first place. (By the way,\n[近所に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72109/5010) also is an adverbial\nphrase, but not an adverb.)\n\nTo take an example in English, \"at night\" as in \"I sleep at night\" is an\nadverbial phrase, but neither \"at\" nor \"night\" is an adverb by itself.\n\nUnequivocal (single-word) adverbs in Japanese are words like ゆっくり, とても and\nようやく.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T15:18:30.240",
"id": "72121",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T15:18:30.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72120
| null |
72121
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Since I do not hold a degree in business, this headline has me stumped.\n_Please note all of these are my sad attempts at translation since the article\nis only in Japanese._\n\n**支払い時に還元、実質値引きへ**\n\n> **_\"Return at payment, to real discount\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Reduction in the time of payment, to the substantial discount\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Upon checkout, real discount offered at point of purchase\"_**\n>\n> **_\"During payment, to real price reduction\"_**\n>\n> **_\"When making a payment return, real price reduced towards\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Price time reduced, becoming essence discount\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Substantial discount from, time payment restoration\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Payment reduction time, real discount to the towards\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Reduce real discount, when paying\"_**\n>\n> **_\"To reducing substantially discount, at the time of payment\"_**\n>\n> **_\"Reduced to the time of payment, to substantial discount\"_**\n>\n> **_\"At the time of payment reduced, to real discount\"_**\n\n* * *\n\n[Here](https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Japan-convenience-stores-to-\noffset-2-tax-hike-with-discounts) is some background info I found on a site\nthat apparently translates articles from Japanese into English:\n\n> _Cashless payments make up about a fifth of the total in Japan, putting it\n> behind other countries making the switch away from cash._\n>\n> _TOKYO -- Japan's convenience stores will offer 2% price discounts on the\n> spot for cashless purchases starting October when the consumption tax rises\n> to 10% from 8%, Nikkei has learned._\n>\n> _It will be part of a government program aimed at cushioning the impact of\n> the 2 percentage point tax hike, but instead of offering a 2% point reward\n> to be used at a later date, the convenience stores will, in effect, cut\n> prices at the point of purchase._",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T17:09:58.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72122",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-24T18:01:45.233",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T17:34:13.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Need help with economics headline that contains 還元",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "[The article](https://www.hiramori-sr.com/c-kakei-005/) includes the headline\nin \"expanded\" form:\n\n[...]コンビニ大手３社は、支払い時にその場で還元することで、実質的に値引きすることを検討していることがわかりました\n\nBreaking it down:\n\n> コンビニ大手３社は\n>\n> The three big convenience store companies/chains\n>\n> 支払い時に\n>\n> At the time of payment\n>\n> その場で還元することで\n>\n> by [doing the] refund at the same place/time\n>\n> 実質的に値引きすることを\n>\n> [the practice of] offering a real discount\n>\n> 検討していることがわかりました\n>\n> it was found [that they are] considering [it]\n\nCombining it all:\n\n[we] discovered that the three big chains are considering offering real\ndiscounts via refund/pay back on the spot at the time of payment.\n\n実質的 is defined as \"substantial; real (as opposed to nominal)\" and is used\nhere probably to indicate that the discount will effectively bring the price\npaid back to the pre-hike level and is not just a bonus in points to be spent\nlater.\n\nGoing back to the headline:\n\n> 支払い時に還元、実質値引きへ\n\nCould possibly be translated as:\n\n\"Pay-time refunds to result in real discounts\"\n\nHowever it doesn't quite capture the subtext of the article... The English\narticle you linked (\"to offset 2% tax hike with discounts\") carries it over it\nmuch better, which is probably why they did not use a literal translation.\n\nP.S. maybe something like:\n\n\"Pay-time refund brings back the original price\"\n\nit's not quite as literal but feels closer as a summary of the article",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T20:11:31.197",
"id": "72124",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T20:48:39.080",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "72122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72122
| null |
72124
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently encountered the suffix っちょ after a noun in a manga. According to\n[Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%87), it is a suffix\nused after a noun or the root of an adjective and which means \"person who\nis/thing that is\".\n\nSince it is the first time I encounter this suffix, I would like to know how\ncommon it is and what kind of nuance it adds. How formal is it? Also, is it\nregional or used everywhere in Japan? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T19:32:18.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72123",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T23:35:12.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T19:40:34.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"suffixes",
"formality"
],
"title": "Information about っちょ noun suffix",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a suffix similar in purpose to English -ling or -ie, but it attaches\nto only a few words. Perhaps words understood by the general public are only\n先っちょ, 横っちょ and 太っちょ. Some dictionaries also list 尼っちょ and ちびっちょ as examples,\nbut I have never heard them. It may also appear in someone's nicknames (can be\nderogatory; a recent example is ホラッチョ). It is not used in formal writings.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T23:35:12.943",
"id": "72126",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T23:35:12.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72123
| null |
72126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72127",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**Context:** a match between two [counter\npuncher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing#Boxing_styles) boxers in the\nmanga\n[リクドウ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6).\nAfter a calm fist round, in the second round they begin an intense fight\nduring which both throw a lot of counter punches to each other. However, none\nof them manages to hit the other. At one point, one of the two thinks:\n\n> まだか… 〝底〟は… **合わせる本命の拳** はまだ深くに… 初めてだ ここまで深い所に…\n\nWhat is the meaning of 合わせる本命の拳? According to Kenkyusha dictionary, 本命 has two\nmeanings: `\"a probable winner, the favorite\"` and `\"one's heart's desire, what\none really wants\"`, but I think in this case it is the second one. As for\n合わせる, I am not sure about its meaning and about who is the subject of the\nverb, the boxer himself, his opponent or the punches? My idea is that the\npunches he is usually able to deal with this time are causing him\ndifficulties. My translation attempt:\n\n> The bottom... again? The punches that **suit** me/my fighting style and wich\n> I **desire** are sending me down... It's the first time I reach such a deep\n> place...\n\nYou can see the pages [here](https://i.imgur.com/ioc7AOV.jpg) and\n[here](https://i.imgur.com/K9XiUlw.jpg). Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T20:58:00.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72125",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T16:35:41.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 合わせる本命の拳 in the following context",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "(～に)合わせる means \"to connect to ～\", \"to make something in time/tune with ～\" or\n\"to place/set something together with ～\". For example, 音楽に合わせて踊る,\n彼女の休みに合わせて私も休む.\n\nIn this case, 合わせる拳 means \"(enemy's) punch _after which I blow a counterpunch_\n\". It is a relative clause made from (敵の)拳に(自分のカウンターを)合わせる. 本命の is \"the most\ndesired\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-26T23:56:06.923",
"id": "72127",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T16:35:41.870",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-29T16:35:41.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I guess both denotation `\"a probable winner, the favorite\"` and `\"one's\nheart's desire, what one really wants\"` are close. I suppose adjective\nimpressive or impactful are close to 「本命{ほんめい}の」. But this time, in boxing\ncontext, the word \"killer\" fits to the counter blow.\n\nThe subject of \"合わせる\" is \"the boxer\" who is trying to react opponent's punch\nto smash his \"killer\" [counter blow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-\ncounter) while the boxer seeking his \"very\" moment.\n\n> **_\"Not yet... 'The 'limit' is... Unleashing the \"killer/best\" shot to\n> follow up is much deeper... For the first time, the deeper moment like\n> this.\"_**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T11:56:29.917",
"id": "72140",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T11:56:29.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
72125
|
72127
|
72127
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72134",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「移行」\n>\n> 「移動」\n\nWhat is usage difference between these two words. Many times not able to judge\nwhy one of those used and not the other one?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T03:51:11.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72130",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T06:35:18.683",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34456",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 「移行」and 「移動」",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe that the following might be helpful, although I could be 100% wrong\nin my assessment on the word meanings from looking at what similar words were\ndefined as.\n\n> 「移行」refers to movement or action over a period of time or state of change,\n>\n> while 「移動」refers to or has something to do with physical movement.\n\nI'm not very confident in my own assessment though, seeing as how I'm not very\nfluent in Japanese. I got the above possible meanings from typing 移行\nand「移動」into <https://jisho.org/search/> then figuring out what each individual\nsearch result had in common with other suggested definitions from that\nparticular search.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T04:47:12.863",
"id": "72131",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T04:47:12.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"parent_id": "72130",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "移動 basically refers to physical movements. \n移行 means changing to new system, to new stage, to another state. Or you also\nuse 移行 when something metaphysical moves (e.g. popularity, interest, point of\ndiscussion...)\n\nSo if I translate, it would be\n\n> 移動 = to move \n> 移行 = transition, shift\n\nThe typical usages for 移行 are\n\n> 新制度に移行する \n> (=change to new system)\n>\n> 私の会社はWindowsからMacに移行した。 \n> (=The company I work in stopped using Windows and start using Mac.) \n>\n>\n> 若者たちの興味は、クレープからパンケーキに移行しつつある。 \n> (=What young people are interested in is shifting from crepes to pancakes.)\n\n移動 is a very basic word for \"movement\".\n\n> イタリアからフランスへ飛行機で移動する \n> (=go to France from Italy by plane) \n>\n>\n> ここは危険なので、早くここから移動しましょう。 \n> (=It's dangerous here so let's leave here soon.)\n>\n> ファイルをデスクトップ・フォルダに移動する \n> (=move a file to Desktop folder)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T06:35:18.683",
"id": "72134",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T06:35:18.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35464",
"parent_id": "72130",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72130
|
72134
|
72134
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72137",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I currently use \"休憩時間\" to refer to break time, however not sure whether it is\ncorrect. \"break time\" here is interval for rest/food etc. for employees,\nstudents etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T06:11:34.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72133",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T10:14:23.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34456",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the suitable phrase/word to say \"break time\"",
"view_count": 739
}
|
[
{
"body": "休憩時間 is a correct and legitimate word for 'break time': It is used in the\nJapanese Labour Law\n([労働基準法](https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=322AC0000000049)).\nThe word can also be used in a casual conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T10:14:23.003",
"id": "72137",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T10:14:23.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35390",
"parent_id": "72133",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72133
|
72137
|
72137
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1) Offering help to strangers in Japanese is te form shimashouka ( o\ntetsudaishimashouka- Shall I help you / Do you need any help ?)\n\n2) What are the different ways to seek help ( one I know is eki no juushou o\noshite moraimasuka ? )",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T06:50:39.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72135",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-25T14:07:15.610",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T07:05:48.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "33701",
"owner_user_id": "33701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Different ways to ask help from strangers",
"view_count": 329
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Searching help to find the station\n\nSpeaking to people on the street, you usually say something like:\n(あのう、)すみません、駅を探してるんですが...((anou,) sumimasen, eki o sagashiterun ga...), look a\nbit help- and hopeless, and let the other person conclude that you want him to\nexplain where to find it.\n\nIn real life people will often go out of their way to help you. So they might\nnot just describe how to find it, but show you the way on a smart phone app,\nor even accompany you to a place from where you can see it.\n\nSo in general I would conclude, you just explain your problem.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T14:21:38.777",
"id": "72194",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T08:02:07.570",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T08:02:07.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "35365",
"owner_user_id": "35365",
"parent_id": "72135",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72135
| null |
72194
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73251",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The [labialized velar\nconsonants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labialized_velar_consonant) are rare\neven in historical Japanese; besides (possibly) one verb ( _kweru_ ), they (\n_kwa-_ , _gwa-_ , _kwe-_ , _gwe-_ ) occur only in some Sino-Japanese\nmorphemes. In Japanese, they merged with the non-labialized versions ( _ka-_ ,\n_ga-_ , _ke-_ , _ge-_ ) as late as the early 20th Century.\n\nBut do they remain in Ryūkyūan?\n\nOr, did they even exist in Ryūkyūan? Obviously, Ryūkyūan also borrowed\nmultiple Sino-Xenic terms, some of which must have been necessarily present:\nsuch as name of the goddess Kwannon. Do we know the current status of words\nlike this? Even if such words are Sino-Japanese borrowed from Japanese, did\nthe labiovelars remain in Ryūkyūan even when, very recently, Japanese stopped\npronouncing them with the //-w-// glide? Unfortunately, the vast corpus of\nscholarly work, to my knowledge, rarely deals with the Sinitic layer in\nRyūkyūan.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T08:06:49.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72136",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T13:39:28.137",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-27T01:24:18.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"phonology",
"wago-and-kango",
"phonetics",
"ryukyuan-languages"
],
"title": "Did labialized consonants remain in Ryūkyūan?",
"view_count": 232
}
|
[
{
"body": "After poking around a bit in the Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary that covers the\nOkinawan branch of Ryūkyūan, it appears that here, at least, labiovelars did\npersist. A sampling of entries that show maintained labiovelars:\n\n * [クヮンジミ](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN11879), Japanese 缶詰【かんづめ】\n * [クェーチウイウェー](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN11122), Japanese 快気【かいき】祝【いわ】い\n * [クヮンヌン](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN11888), Japanese 観音【かんのん】\n * [カングヮーシ](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN50495), apparently equivalent to Japanese 羊羹【ようかん】 + 菓子【かし】; the entry also mentions ムイグヮーシ with a given kanji spelling of 盛菓子.\n * [グェーシチ](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN11116), Japanese 外戚【がいせき】\n * [クェーテー](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN11124), Japanese 懐胎【かいたい】\n\nI did find a term where Japanese dictionaries indicate an older //gwa-//\npronunciation, but Okinawan doesn't reflect the labiovelar.\n\n * [ガンジュー](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN10780), Japanese 頑丈【がんじょう】\n\nThis appears to be an exception to the rule, however, which raises the\nquestion of whether this was a later borrowing from Japanese, rather than an\nolder import when the kanji term was borrowed from Middle Chinese.\n\nNotably, the labiovelars I can find reflected in Okinawan are all traceable to\nolder //kwa-// or //gwa-//. The //kwe-// and //gwe-// variants found in\nJapanese appear to have undergone different sound shifts in Okinawan, such\nthat the labiovelar was apparently lost. One clear example I could find was\n[トゥチー](http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN22336),\ncognate with Japanese 時計【とけい】. The likely original, Chinese-derived spelling\nwas 土圭, and 圭 apparently had an older reading of //kwei//. So it seems that\nthe //kwe-// labiovelars may have shifted first to something like //ki-//, and\nthen underwent the regular change to become affricate //t͡ʃi-// (incidentally,\nmuch like the pronunciation of ⟨ci⟩ went from Latin //ki// to Italian\n//t͡ʃi//).\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not fully address your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-26T21:23:03.727",
"id": "73251",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T21:23:03.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72136
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73251
|
73251
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72139",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "血筋かとか言われたくなかったんでな.\n\nI've been watching some anime and came across this sentence and while i\nunderstand what it means i can't understand the (かとか）part.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T11:01:01.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72138",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T11:48:50.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T11:48:50.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"quotes"
],
"title": "What does かとか mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 289
}
|
[
{
"body": "血筋か とか 言われたくなかった んでな.\n\nとか : among other things; such things as; or something like that.\n\nPerhaps it is more easier to understand it by yourself in this way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T11:19:54.183",
"id": "72139",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T11:19:54.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"parent_id": "72138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72138
|
72139
|
72139
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72797",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> あいつ にしちゃ 思い切った な。\n\nI had a hard time to translate this short sentence. And after I looked around\nfrom many sources, I found these clues.\n\n> 思い切った\n>\n> 普通では考えられないような。おどろくほど大胆な。 「 －処置を取る」\n\nsource: <https://www.weblio.jp/>\n\nにしては (= ni shitewa)\n\n(casual contraction) にしちゃ (= ni shicha)\n\nsource: Grammar Lesson from Maggie Sensei's site\n\n> あいつ にしちゃ 思い切った な。\n\nMy translation:\n\n> It's surprisingly bold for (that guy / he / she).\n\nDid I translate the sentence properly, yet?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T14:31:59.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72142",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T01:18:11.657",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "The translation for 思い切った",
"view_count": 307
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your translation is close. But we can describe it in detail. From your\ncomment,\n\n`The sentence was from a short novel, about the intrigue between schoolmates\nto get rid of each other. In short, the person mentioned in the sentence took\nthe risk. I was just a bit confused since the word can also be translated as\n\"losing one's mind\"`\n\nFrom their judgement, You might be guessing the outcome could be going towards\nwrong direction and you might feel as if one is `losing his/her mind`. But the\nexpression 「思い切った」focuses on \" **distinct and unexpected** \" decision by\nhim/her rather than his/her behavior. Now, I have applied it to the situation\nyou described.\n\nSo, the schoolmates secretly having scheme in order not to be annoyed by the\nopponent. Probably one dobs the opponent in about his/her pranks to the\nteacher who teaches the subject which the opponent is not good at in order\nthat the opponent is called on at class and being humiliated by not answering\nthe teacher's question.\n\nBut this time, the one having been dobbed in as usual is retaliating\nimmediately to the rival regardless of considering the chance of getting\nfurther revenge from the rival.\n\nFrom other people observing, the one doing so was unexpected. So they are\ncommenting like「あいつ にしちゃ 思い切った な。」: **_\"It is bold/daring and unhesitant for\nhim/her to do so.\"_**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T07:40:36.680",
"id": "72160",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T07:40:36.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72142",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「あいつ にしちゃ 思{おも}い切{き}った な。」\n\nWithout any context -- without even another word or any explanation of the\ncontext -- native speakers will know **two things** for certain from this\nshort sentence.\n\n**1) This dude （あいつ） made a big decision and executed it**.\n\nWe know that because 「思い切る」 as a verb means \" **to get up the nerve to do\nsomething drastic/unusual** \".\n\nThe fact that you, for some reason, looked up the meaning of 「思い切った」 as an\n**adjectival phrase** ended up affecting your translation attempt because that\nforced you to deal with a verb-less sentence.\n\n**2) The dude is not the kind of person who is known to take such (drastic)\nactions**.\n\nWe know this from the 「あいつ **にしちゃ** 」 part, which means \" **considering the\nkind of person that he is** \". 「にしちゃ」 (colloquial form of 「にしては」) has that\ntype of built-in emphasizing factor.\n\nMy own TL:\n\n> \"For/Considering the kind of person that he is, he has done something very\n> drastic.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T16:00:56.037",
"id": "72797",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T00:45:46.483",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-29T00:45:46.483",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72142",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72142
|
72797
|
72797
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72150",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been browsing the related questions in this site that deal with ず, ない,\nずに and ないで and they are very informative. However, **I couldn't find a post\ndealing with ずに and ないで (adverbially) specifically**. That's why I used the\ncategorical word \"absolutely\" in my question, I want to focus on those.\n\nAfter researching, it is clear to me that both expressions mean the same, but\nI still wonder whether there is a difference in nuance, formality or whatever\naspect that makes them different in the slightest. Are they always\ninterchangeable no matter the sentence they are used in? To put it the other\nway around, is there any situation in which 「ないで」(adverbially) can't be\nreplaced by 「ずに」 or vice versa?\n\nFor instance,\n\n> 朝ごはんを食べ **ないで** 、会社にでかけた。 \n> 朝ごはんを食べ **ずに** 、会社にでかけた。\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T19:10:52.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72147",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T03:32:20.677",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T03:32:20.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Are 「ないで」(when used adverbially) and 「ずに」 absolutely interchangeable?",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's an example case: Vないで(ください) can also be used as a negative\nrequest/volitionally, where Vずに won't be able to be used as a drop-in\nreplacement. This is similar to the positive form Vてください。\n\nEdit: I believe there is a difference in nuance between the two adverbial\nforms, with ず sounding more a bit more classical/mature (although it is used\nin many different contexts) and being related to せざる and older Japanese forms.\nI couldn't find a dictionary source, but it's in this chiebukuro question:\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1157256921>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T19:46:56.223",
"id": "72150",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T22:36:20.013",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T22:36:20.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "878",
"owner_user_id": "878",
"parent_id": "72147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I feel it's interchangeable. However, they seem to have differences in\nsituations. I summarized the question question from\n[yahoo知恵袋:「～ずに」と「ず」の違いを教えてください。\n「ないで」・「なくて」と比べて...](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1317105023)\n\n> 「質問者」 「～ずに」と「ず」の違いを教えてください。「ないで」・「なくて」と比べて説明していただけると助かります。※例文を書いておきます。\n\n_What are the differences between_ 「～ずに」 _and_ 「ず」 _? I'd be glad to be\nexplained in comparison with_ 「ないで」・「なくて」.\n\n> 「回答者」 大ざっぱにいえば、 「ずに」＝「ないで」、\n> 「ず」＝「なくて」です。多くの場合、このペアの中でなら、入れ替え可能です。ただ、使いやすいものと、ちょっと使いにくものが、文の性質によって出てきます。\n\n_Roughly speaking,_ 「ずに」＝「ないで」,「ず」＝「なくて」. _In many cases, they are\ninterchangeable with the pair. However, it will appear what is appropriate and\nwhat is not appropriate depends on the nature of the sentence._\n\n_The followings are example._\n\n> Q. 窓を閉めて寝ました。（付帯状況） ** _I slept with window closed._**\n> →窓を｛閉めないで／閉めなくて／閉めずに／閉めず｝寝ました。 **_I slept without closing the window._**\n>\n> A. 付帯状況・・・「ずに」「ないで」 どちらもＯＫだが、「ずに」のほうが自然。「ないで」はかなり口語的。\n\n_\"Circumstances\". Either_ 「ずに」 _or_ 「ないで」 _works, however,_ 「ずに」 _is more\nnatural._ 「ないで」 _is rather colloquial._\n\n> Q. 包丁を使って料理をした。（手段） ** _(Method) I cooked meal with using knives._**\n> →包丁を｛使わないで／使わなくて／使わずに／使わず｝料理をした。 **_I cooked meal without using knives._**\n>\n> A. 手段・・・「ずに」「ないで」どちらもＯＫ。「ずに」はやや固い感じだが、話し言葉でも用いる。\n\n_Either_ 「ずに」 _or_ 「ないで」 _will do._ 「ずに」 _is slightly formal, it can be used\ncolloquially._\n\n> Q. 太郎は合格して、次郎は合格しなかった。（並列） ** _(Parataxis) Taro passed and Jiro didn't._**\n> →太郎は｛合格しないで／合格しなくて／合格せずに／合格せず｝、次郎は合格した。 **_Taro didn't pass and Jiro\n> passed._**\n>\n> A. 並列・・というより、対比でしょうね・・・これは、４ついずれも使えますが、\n> 「せずに」は、４つのうちでは最も使いにくいでしょう。正式な場面、書き言葉では「せず」を使うのがもっとも適切で、くだけた話し言葉では、「ないで」が最も多いと思われますが、「なくて」もよく使われます。...中略...「せずに」とすると、いちだんと、その｢原因・理由」のニュアンスが強くなりますので、\n> そういう誤解を受けるおそれがある内容の文であれば、「～ずに」の使用は避けます。\n\n_It is \"comparison\" rather than \"parataxis\"._ 「せずに」 _is the most difficult to\nuse._ _In formal situations or written language, using_ 「せず」 _is the most\nappropriate. In colloquial spoken language,_ 「ないで」 _is the most often._ (中略)\n_Using_ 「せずに」 _emphasizing the nuance of \"reason・cause\", avoid using_ 「ずに」 _if\nthe sentence has a risk of attracting the misunderstanding.\"_\n\n> しかし、並列でも「その代わりに」というニュアンスがあるなら、反対に「せずに」が生きてきます。 （太郎が来ずに、次郎が来た。\n> ・・・話者は、太郎が来ることを期待していたが、太郎の代わりに、・・・\n\n_However, if there's the nuance of \"instead\" in a parataxis, you can use\nrather_ 「せずに」 _. \"Taro didn't come but Jiro came instead. - The speaker\nexpected Taro would come instead of Jiro. -_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T02:07:55.323",
"id": "72157",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T02:07:55.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72147
|
72150
|
72150
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lb0O4.png)\n\nYeah, I know; everyone's favorite type of question. I just need help with\nmaking the character out.\n\n> はははっ…[sweatdrop] [？]コミにはしったぞえ。\n\nI can't read the character before コミ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T19:50:19.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72151",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T09:19:20.700",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T09:19:20.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "35508",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"katakana",
"manga",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Need help reading hand-written character from comic",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you read as コ is actually a small ュ, so シュミにはしった.\n\nThe precise meaning has to be determined from context, but はしった is to be\nunderstood in the figurative sense (e.g. someone \"fooling around\" / having fun\ninstead of acting responsibly).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T22:20:39.137",
"id": "72155",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T22:20:39.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "72151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72151
| null |
72155
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72156",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: The terms are used when leaving chat sessions. Some people type\ndeha/wamata and others, jya/jaomata. Which one is more polite?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T21:13:21.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72154",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T13:18:54.800",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T13:18:54.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"politeness",
"contractions",
"formality"
],
"title": "Which is more polite, ではまた or じゃまた?",
"view_count": 340
}
|
[
{
"body": "When expressions are shortened, they are usually considered less formal and\nthus sound less polite. This applies to `では vs. じゃ`: じゃ is less formal and\nthus sounds less polite (but can sound more friendly). Other common examples\ninclude: `しては vs. しちゃ`, `している vs. してる`, `しておく vs. しとく`, `してしまう vs. しちゃう`, `すれば\nvs. すりゃ`, `しなければ vs. しなきゃ`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T00:08:48.903",
"id": "72156",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T01:51:39.867",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T01:51:39.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "35390",
"owner_user_id": "35390",
"parent_id": "72154",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72154
|
72156
|
72156
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72162",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<https://i.imgur.com/3cb9EjH.png>\n\nFound it while browsing fan forums on Nier automata.\n\nI'm not sure what the second paragraph means here? It looks like the speaker\ncuts himself off. Who does the action there?\n\n> それを無視して... 大切にしようとしてくる\n\nI'm not sure if this is actual dialogue from the game.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T03:08:14.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72158",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T13:51:22.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34297",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Who \"acts out\" the verb here?",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence in question roughly means:\n\n> それを無視して... 大切にしようとしてくる \n> Ignoring it (=\"the fact that I have an ego and real feelings\"), [someone]\n> tries to (come to me and) treasure me ( _or_ take care of me).\n\n[大切にする](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%87%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\nis a set phrase meaning \"to treasure\" or \"to take good care\". Here,\n[(-て)くる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010) is a subsidiary verb\nthat describes someone/something coming to the speaker, either physically or\npsychologically. Since the speaker (僕) is saying してくる instead of してくれる, we can\ntell he is somehow annoyed by how he is treated.\n\n* * *\n\nThe characters in this picture ([Ernst](https://nier.fandom.com/wiki/Ernst)\nand [2B](https://nier.fandom.com/wiki/YoRHa_No.2_Type_B)) use first-person\npronouns other than 僕, so the text is about someone else who uses 僕. I think\nthis text is written from the standpoint of\n[9S](https://nier.fandom.com/wiki/YoRHa_No.9_Type_S), another android\nprotagonist of the game who calls himself 僕. He was [at this\nscene](https://youtu.be/Fzsz8a0DrHE?t=405), too. The subject of 無視する and 大切にする\nis not specified in the text, but it's probably 2B, if I remember their\nrelationship correctly. All in all, the implication of the whole sentence is\nsomething like \"She ignores my love, and treats me like an object/kid to be\nprotected rather than a partner of equal status\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T11:49:09.293",
"id": "72162",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T13:51:22.573",
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"parent_id": "72158",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72158
|
72162
|
72162
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72161",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> それに意味を持たせるかはアナタ次第ということです\n\nI can understand \"アナタ次第ということです\" as \"is up to you.\"\n\nI'm not sure what the first half means.\n\nnihongomaster.com/dictionary/entry/63184/motaseru\n\nso \"to hold meaning\"? Is it \"Whatever meaning you find\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T04:04:35.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72159",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-28T08:29:20.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"それに意味を持たせるか\" mean?",
"view_count": 331
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a rather simple causative form followed by か meaning \"whether\". (In\ncase you need, you can check the rules of causative forms\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/33515/5010).)\n\n * それ **に** 意味 **を** 持た **せる** : \"to make it have/hold a meaning\"\n * それに意味を持たせる **か** : \" **whether** you make it have a meaning\"\n * それに意味を持たせるかはアナタ次第ということです: \"(It is that) Whether or not you make it have a meaning is up to you.\"\n\nThat is, the speaker is saying \"it\" may or may not be a meaningful\nsign/message/etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T08:21:27.497",
"id": "72161",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "72159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72159
|
72161
|
72161
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72166",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This might be a simple \"no its just wrong\" question but it just bugs me the\nlast few days:\n\nIs it possible to use an i-adj with の and a Noun if I use the の in a\nplaceholder construct like\n\nQ:どっちのほうがいいです?\n\nA: 新しいの\n\nUsing this の but adding a noun after that like \"背が高いの方\" meaning the \"Person\nthat is large\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T17:06:02.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72165",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T15:24:48.367",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-28T18:40:23.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "34942",
"owner_user_id": "34942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"i-adjectives",
"nouns"
],
"title": "i-AdjectiveのNoun possible in special cases?",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "> \"no it's just wrong\" :-)\n\nIn your reply 新しいの, the の means \"one\", as in \"the new one\". This の behaves\nlike a noun and the i-adjective directly modifies this.\n\n背が高いの would be grammatical (\"the one who is tall\") though I think it would be\nvery rude and non-standard.\n\n背が高い方 would be grammatical (\"the person who is tall\"). Again the i-adjective\ndirectly modifies the noun.\n\n背が高いの方 is not grammatical. This の cannot be the one that means \"one\" because\nyou cannot put two nouns next to each other (の方). Also \"the tall one person\"\nsounds weird even in English. In the other way of using の, XのY, X and Y must\nboth the nouns/noun phrases and you have 高い/背が高い in the X position which is\nnot a noun/noun phrase, so it must be ungrammatical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T17:32:17.767",
"id": "72166",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 4
}
] |
72165
|
72166
|
72166
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "72169",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is from my textbook, where I'm asked to pick the correct or more\nsuitable choice from inside ［ ］:\n\n> 最近［ **車の** / **車を持つ** ］代わりに、カーシェアリングを利用する人が多い。 \n>\n\nAccording to the textbook, the correct (or more suitable) choice is 車を持つ.\n\nAs far as I know, both choices seem fine to me as they follow the required\ngrammar construction for nouns and verbs along with 代わりに.\n\n> 最近 **車の** 代わりに、カーシェアリングを利用する人が多い。Recently, people make use of car-sharing\n> instead of a car.\n>\n> 最近 **車を持つ** 代わりに、カーシェアリングを利用する人が多い。Recently, people make use of car-sharing\n> instead of a having a car.\n\nSo, firstly,\n\n1) Are both choices right or only the second one is possible?\n\nand secondly,\n\n2) When you join two elements A and B by means of 代わりに, is it mandatory that A\nand B are the same part of speech?\n\nI suspect that's why the second sentence is the right one, because both\nelements are verbs (持つ and 利用する) as opposed to noun and verb (車 and 利用する). But\nit's just my guess.\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-28T19:01:31.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72167",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T07:36:43.253",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-29T07:36:43.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"semantics"
],
"title": "Why is it more suitable to use 「V辞書形 」 than 「N+の」 right before 「代わりに」 in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "Only the second choice makes sense. As Mauro pointed out, the problem is not\nabout grammar but about semantics. The correct comparison here is \"owning a\ncar\" vs \"making use of car sharing\". Comparing \"car\" itself and \"(making use\nof) car-sharing\" does not make sense. Is this English sentence really natural?\n\n> Recently, people make use of car-sharing instead of a car.\n\nThis sounds to me like \"not using _any_ car and use car-sharing instead\". This\nis exactly why 車の代わりにカーシェアリングを使う is unnatural.\n\n* * *\n\n> 2) When you join two elements A and B by means of 代わりに, is it mandatory that\n> A and B are the same part of speech?\n\nNot really. For example, タクシーの代わりにカーシェアリングを使う would sound perfectly fine\nbecause they are mutually exclusive options. タクシーを使う代わりにカーシェアリングを使う would\nsound even a little redundant to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T01:16:18.183",
"id": "72169",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
] |
72167
|
72169
|
72169
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72174",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These are all of the different ways I can think of (I might have missed some)\nof how to request something in Japanese in no real particular order:\n\n> しろ \n> して \n> してくれる \n> してくれ \n> してくれて \n> してください \n> しなさい\n\nAfter some time of learning these conjugations I stumbled across various\nsentences, usually in video games or recipes, that would use the base\ndictionary form of a verb, rather than the above, to ask me to do something. I\nhave the feeling it also applies to telling myself to do something (in an\nalarm for example) because saying 牛乳を買って feels a bit odd as opposed to saying\n牛乳を買う, but I'm not entirely sure.\n\nHere are a few more examples:\n\n> －「信用して」と彼は言った。 \n> － できれば、数月に旅行へ出ていくときにうちのワンちゃんの面倒を見て下さい。\n>\n> － スポンジを作ります。ビターチョコレートを刻み、湯せんで溶かします。 \n> － ノーマルモードをクリアする\n\nI imagine the latter doesn't really have much to do with requesting at all and\nis more just used for instructions, but I'd just like to have a more concrete\ndefinition of the difference/usages.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T11:50:17.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72171",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T16:19:27.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between using て form and dictionary form when requesting/instructing",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "しろ and しなさい are strong instruction words.\n\nして and してくれ are words for requesting something friendly. してくれる? is more polite\nthan them. してください is more polite than してくれる?. してくれて is unnatural.\n\nThere are some more polite ways of saying it such as してくれませんか? and していただけますか?\n\nDictionary form is just saying what you do rather than suggestions and\ninstructions.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T15:54:36.447",
"id": "72174",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-09-29T16:19:27.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
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"parent_id": "72171",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72171
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72174
|
72174
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 前に「知るタイミング」みたいなこと言ってましたよね、それってどうやって測ればいいんですか。\n\nI can't understand what 測る means here. I know its dictionary definition is to\nmeasure or to weigh, but it seems to have another meaning in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T14:33:38.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72173",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T15:12:21.747",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-29T15:12:21.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "What does 測る mean here?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[] |
72173
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72470",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a general question about what to place after nominals when connecting\nthem to constructs like こと.\n\nLately I've realized I've either forgotten or never knew when I should be\nusing だということ over であること or ということ, etc., with 名詞・形容動詞 (and now I'm wondering\nabout な too), at least in the spoken language. From my understanding,\nだということ・であること are preferable in 文語, and I found [this\nanswer](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1236237462)\ndiscussing that a little bit, so I'd rather focus on the spoken language here.\n\nI've scoured my resources, as well as stackexchange and some of the Japanese\nweb for hours and come up short, though. I found [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48788/so-what-is-the-\nrule-for-this-construction/48803#48803) that describes the grammar of these\nconstructions and says that they're all fine, but I don't know their 使い分け.\nThis has become problematic for me lately (at least mentally) when\ncommunicating at work and with friends in Japan.\n\nI'd appreciate an answer specifically pointing out the following:\n\n 1. Which constructions from the linked question can be used with friends, coworkers (either above or below you), your boss, strangers on a bus, kids, etc. Some kind of politeness or formality ranking might be helpful for me here.\n\n 2. How one would choose a construction in the case where more than one is appropriate or the case where it's fine to use any of them.\n\n 3. If there is really 0 difference whatsoever between some of these, such that it would be fine to literally just choose your favorite and only use that one (or else to 適当にどれでも選ぶ), pointing that out specifically as well/which ones are identical would be appreciated.\n\nI've listed the constructions below, with my own guesses about their\nusage/formality (ordered by my guess from most to least formal):\n\n> * であるということ (in presentations, on the news, to a special guest)\n> * であること (in presentations, on the news, to a special guest)\n> * だということ (to anyone except friends/family)\n> * なこと・のこと (to anyone, perhaps depending on usage)\n> * なの (to anyone, perhaps depending on usage)\n> * だと (to friends/family/lower-ranking people)\n> * だって (to friends/family/lower-ranking people)\n>\n\nI'd like more information about usage depending on grammar or the specific\nsituation, as well as the 意味合い of these constructs.\n\nI've included example sentences below for everything. Everything below here is\nripped from the linked question. Credit to\n[@Chocolate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/9831/chocolate)\n\n* * *\n\nBasically:\n\n> * 連体形(attributive form) + こと\n> * 終止形(predicative/terminal form) + ということ\n>\n\nSo grammatically speaking you can use...\n\n * 有名な+こと (有名な is the attributive form)\n * 有名である+こと (ある is the attributive form)\n * 有名だ+ということ (有名だ is the terminal form)\n * 有名である+ということ (ある is the terminal form)\n\nas in:\n\n> この漫画が有名なことを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名であることを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名だということを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名であるということを知っていますか。\n\nAs an aside, you could also say: \nこの漫画が有名なのを知っていますか。 \nこの漫画が有名だと知っていますか。 \n(or この漫画、有名だって知ってる？ in colloquial speech)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T16:13:33.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72175",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T01:54:21.460",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-11T08:36:21.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "27987",
"owner_user_id": "27987",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"spoken-language",
"nouns",
"copula"
],
"title": "Nominal connectors in embedded sentences: 名詞・形容動詞 ＋「である」「だという」「な」等 (+ こと) の使い分けについて",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "(By [request from the\nOP](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2045/was-an-answer-\ndeleted-how-can-i-view-the-deleted-answer), I've un-deleted the section of my\noriginal answer regarding registers of formality in Japanese speech.)\n\nYour first question is regarding which construction can be used with people of\nwhat relation to you in speech.\n\nIn order to fully understand this, it would be pertinent to take a look at\nJapanese societal structure.\n\nWithin the context of Japanese society there is a common concept called\n**内と外** (sometimes written ウチとソト). ウチ refers to those people with whom you\nhave a close relationship, and ソト refers to everyone else. In this [2008\npaper](https://repository.tku.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/11150/485/1/jinbun125-07.pdf),\nthe author argues that modern Japanese society actually has a third class of\nrelationship which, while part of ウチ, tows the line between it and ソト (内外集団).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XyIPYm.jpg)\n\n**内内集団** (ウチ) would be people like close friends and family.\n\n**内外集団** (ウチ) would be people you aren't necessarily close to, but who belong\nto the same organization/company/department you do. The degree to which\nsomeone is ウチ or ソト to you varies within this class on a continuum. For\nexample, going from more ウチ to more ソト, you have within a company people on\nthe same team as you → people in your department → people in other\ndepartments.\n\n**ソト** would be \"strangers, 'others', and outsiders\" to the other two groups.\n\nThe experience/age relationship of the speakers also plays a role in the level\nof politeness that is to be used, with casual speech being much more\nacceptable in conversation from a 年上 to a 年下 or a 目上 to a 目下 in the 内外集団\ngroup, even if closer toward the ソト side, such as a company president to a\nregular employee in a non-formal setting.\n\nSo, dividing by relationship class, we have:\n\n自分 → ウチ\n\n> 〜だってこと/の (this sounds more casual/rough) \n> 〜だということ/の \n> 〜だって (this sounds more casual/rough) \n> 〜だと \n> 〜な/のこと、〜なの\n\n自分 → 内外集団の内の方\n\n> 〜だってこと/の (目上→目下、語尾が敬語になっていれば目下→目上も可能) \n> 〜だということ/の \n> 〜だって (目上→目下、語尾が敬語になっていれば限り目下→目上も可能) \n> 〜だと \n> 〜な/のこと、〜なの\n\n自分 → 内外集団の外の方、ソト\n\n> 〜だってこと/の (目上→目下 in a more casual setting) \n> 〜だということ/の \n> 〜だって (目上→目下 in a more casual setting) \n> 〜だと \n> 〜な/のこと、〜なの\n\nI feel that this mostly answers your first question.\n\n(I'm still thinking about your second and third questions)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-13T14:52:46.837",
"id": "72470",
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}
] |
72175
|
72470
|
72470
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72183",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I couldn't find any etymological information about 奇数{きすう} online. I found it\ninteresting that it has the characters for \"strange/odd\" and \"number\", and\nwondered if it was influenced by English, or if the same meanings arose\nindependently.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T17:27:00.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72176",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T08:42:39.287",
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"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is there an etymological connection between 奇数 in Japanese and \"odd number\" in English?",
"view_count": 285
}
|
[
{
"body": "奇数 is an ancient Chinese word, and it is unlikely to be a calque (translation)\nof the English word _odd number_. A 2nd century dictionary\n[説文解字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) already has [an\nentry](https://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi/ke-bu#n29356):\n\n> 奇：異也。一曰不耦。 \n> _奇: 1. strange. 2. not paired._\n\n奇 \"odd\" and 偶 (耦) \"even\" are historically mainly technical terms in Chinese\ncleromancy [易占](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ching), but it has a long\nhistory of use. But beware that this 奇 sometimes means \"lower\" numbers (like\n_odd_ in \"30-odd\" or \"odd pricing\") in certain divination procedures.\n\n> 陽卦奇，陰卦偶。（[易經](https://ctext.org/book-of-changes/xi-ci-xia#n46958)） \n> _the Yang lines are odd (or made by one stroke), and the Yin lines are even\n> (or made by two strokes)_\n>\n> 乾至九而止，奇數也；坤數偶，無奇數也。（[朱子語類](https://ctext.org/text.pl?node=594385#n594423)） \n> _乾 \"Force\" never exceeds 9 and called 奇; 坤 \"Field\" is a 偶 number, that is\n> not 奇._\n\n日本国語大辞典 dates the first attestation of 奇数 in a Japanese literature in 1477.\n\n> 史記抄〔１４７７〕一八・日者列伝「前の一変が奇数で五なれば、見の策は四十四なり」\n\nBut it is, strictly speaking, the \"small number\" sense in this context,\nbecause you can see in [the original\nbook](https://rmda.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/item/rb00008082#?cv=990)...\n\n> 前ノ一変カ奇數テ五ナレハ。見ノ策ハ四十四ナリ。偶數テ九ナレハ。四十策ナリ。\n\nThe next appearance is in 1508, of the right sense.\n\n> 六物図抄〔１５０８〕「隻は為㆓奇数㆒陽之数也」 \n> _\" 隻 is for odd numbers, or Yang numbers\"_\n\nAs it is still before the first contact of Westerners and Japanese, the\npossibility of being an English (or European) translation is next to zero (I'm\nsaying this because many modern coined Japanese words are seemingly Chinese\nbut are actually calque from Western languages).\n\nAs an aside, 奇 has two readings (i.e. stands for two words) in Chinese,\nalthough they are etymologically related and indistinguishable in Japanese\non'yomi. The \"strange\" one is _qí_ (< MC _*ɡˠiᴇ_ < OC _*N-k(r)aj_ ) and the\n\"unpaired\" one is _jī_ (< MC _*kˠiᴇ_ < OC _*[k](r)aj_ ). So it is technically\nnot true that 奇数 literally means \"strange number\".",
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"creation_date": "2019-09-30T08:42:39.287",
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72176
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72183
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72183
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"body": "To provide context, I stumbled upon this new term for me when reading this\nsentence:\n\n> 田舎の **山道** を車で走っていたら、突然サルが飛び出してきた。\n\nI looked 山道 up in a dictionary and I saw there are two possible readings. さんどう\nand やまみち. Is there a difference in usage or nuance between both readings? I've\nbeen researching for something relevant on this but I couldn't find a definite\nanswer. According to my research, some people just prefer to use one reading\nover the other without a particular reason. Is it just a matter of style?\n\nI found this passage of an [online\ndiscussion](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/8011481) particularly useful,\nthough not conclusive ( _italics added by me_ ):\n\n> 厳密にいえば、状況によって、読み方が変わります。 ネイティブスピーカーでない区場合、別しなくても問題ありません。 どちらでも理解してもらえます。 \n> \n> 権威ある辞書では 「さんどう」を先に紹介しています。 その次が「やまみち」です。 Yurika_I _(another interlocutor)_\n> は「さんどうと読む方が多い」といっています。 山で働いている人も「さんどう」と読むでしょう。 \n> \n> しかし、文学作品では、以下のようになっていて、 圧倒的に「やまみち」と読まれています。 \n> \n> 85.7% やまみち. \n> 9.5% やまぢ \n> 4.8% さんどう \n> \n> 私も「やまみち」と読むことがほとんどです。\n\nIf I understood correctly (I struggled to translate the passage), people who\nwork in the mountain and such tend to say さんどう, while in literature やまみち is by\nfar more used. The author of the post themself prefers やまみち over さんどう, but\nother people in the discussion just prefer さんどう over やまみち.\n\nSo, is there an objective criteria to read 山道 one way or the other based on\nthe meaning or such?\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T18:39:10.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72177",
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"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"readings",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 山道【さんどう】 and 山道【やまみち】?",
"view_count": 1285
}
|
[
{
"body": "さんどう is often an alternative name for a 登山道【とざんどう】 (a mountain trail/path\nwhere cars cannot pass). Modern hikers/trekkers normally use さんどう or とざんどう.\nFor example\n[増毛山道](http://www.city.ishikari.hokkaido.jp/soshiki/h-chiikis/32181.html) is a\nさんどう. When 山道 is combined with another kango noun (e.g. 山道整備, 山道調査), it's read\nさんどう.\n\nOutside trekking contexts, やまみち and さんどう are largely interchangeable, but I\nfeel it tends to be read やまみち when 1) it's surrounded by other wago, 2) it's\nin a literary work, and/or 3) it's mainly for cars. In your example sentence,\nI think the majority of people read it やまみち.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-30T00:53:47.610",
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72177
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72181
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72181
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72179",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 木が浮く。 \n> [ki-ga uku] \n> Literal translation: Wood floats. \n> Meaning: wood is such a material, if to put it in water, it will stay on\n> the top, it will not sink.\n\nLet's add ～やすい / ～にくい pattern (as auxiliary adjective, not i-adjective).\n\n> 木は浮きやすい。 \n> [ki-wa uki-yasui] \n> Literal translation: Wood floats well. \n> Meaning: wood is a good floating material, that it is a good itea to make\n> something floating from that, for example, a boat.\n\nQuestion: why -yasui/-nikui makes us use は instead of が? \nIs it legal to say [木が浮きやす] or with ga-version of -yasui/-nikui we make some\nshift in meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T19:09:09.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72178",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "は vs が in やすい-pattern",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "Good question! This question is an actually an entire topic. For example, see\n[this article](https://prowriters.jp/blog/17).\n\nSo we have four patterns here:\n\n> (1) 木が浮く\n>\n> (2) 木は浮く\n>\n> (3) 木が浮きやすい\n>\n> (4) 木は浮きやすい\n\nThe short answer is that they are all correct grammatically. However, they\nhave slightly different nuances.\n\n* * *\n\n\"は\" is called the topic particle for good reason; it marks what the speaker's\nstatement is about. Without any context, (1) could be a statement about the\nenvironment from a book. The statement describes what simply happens. On the\nother hand, (2) is a statement about the tree itself. An example usage is,\n[石は浮かないが木は浮く](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B5%AE%E3%81%8F-439257) (Stones\ndon't float, but trees float). Here, we compare stones and trees. The\nstatement isn't about what happens generally; it specifically compares stones\nand trees, the topics.\n\nNow, alone, (3) seems slightly strange alone. Note that as \"浮きやすい\" is an\nadjective, the whole sentence seems to describe the tree, which wouldn't make\nsense if tree weren't the topic. On the other hand, it could be used as in\n\"[なぜ、海水では人が浮きやすいのでしょうか](https://www.science-kido.com/single-post/buoyancy/)\".\nHere, the topic is seawater; not people.\n\n(4) alone is a natural statement about trees themselves. It describes trees,\nsaying trees float easily.\n\nI hope this helps a little bit!",
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"creation_date": "2019-09-29T20:31:59.497",
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72178
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72179
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72179
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have 3 main questions regarding different particles and their use.\n\n1) In the sentence 明日、テストがありますね what is the point of having が instead of は?\n\n2) In the sentence このへんに本屋がありますか how is に being used here? I learned that に is\nonly used for movements like いきます.\n\n3) For this sentence, the speaker previously received the listener's phone\nnumber after asking them. The speaker then thanks the listener in the sentence\nありがとう。じゃ、今度、電話をしますね。What is the point of ね here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T06:18:59.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72182",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle Usages",
"view_count": 140
}
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[
{
"body": "This is a really broad question, and I don't want this answer to get too long.\nIf my answer to one of your questions is too brief, I suggest asking another\nquestion with more specifics. Posts like this typically should be asked as\nthree separate questions, but I'll do my best.\n\n* * *\n\n> In the sentence 明日、テストがありますね what is the point of having が instead of は?\n\nThis is a good question. This highlights one of the key differences between は\nand が.\n\nWith は, you have the topic marker. When you say テスト **は** ある, you technically\nsay that there is a test, but that's no different from normal. The impression\nis that tests happen all the time, so tomorrow isn't any different. Use of は\nhere can come off as nonchalant, casual, or even cocky.\n\nWith が, you get a subject marker. When you say テスト **が** ある, you say that\n_the_ test is tomorrow. There may or may not be tests on other days, but _the_\ntest is tomorrow. I is it inherently more specific and target to a specific\nsubject.\n\nHere's a great post on the difference between は and が. I highly suggest you\nread it, as the differences are very subtle to the new Japanese speaker.\n\n[What's the difference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/22352)\n\n* * *\n\n> In the sentence このへんに本屋がありますか how is に being used here? I learned that に is\n> only used for movements like いきます.\n\nAs you have no doubt seen in the comments, に is not limited to indicating a\ndirection of travel. There are uses in [passive and causative\nstructures](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Causative_Verbs)\nto indicate actors. It can be a particle indicating location of existence, it\ncan indicate the result of a change, it can be an object of a verb, it can be\nthe source of a verb, it can indicate a specific time, and it can even be the\nJapanese equivalent of the English per. All of these uses of に can be found on\n[this web page](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-particle-\nni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-have/). Once again, I suggest you study this\nsource.\n\nIn this particular case, に represents a location of existence. I would\ntranslate the sentence as:\n\n> Is there a bookstore in this area? \n> (linear translation as follows:) This area (このへん) in (に) bookstore (本屋)\n> exist (ある)?\n\nWhile in this case, に can translate to 'in,' do not consider that a 1 to 1\ntranslation. There area cases where the location of existence particle does\nnot translate to 'in.'\n\n* * *\n\n> For this sentence, the speaker previously received the listener's phone\n> number after asking them. The speaker then thanks the listener in the\n> sentence ありがとう。じゃ、今度、電話をしますね。What is the point of ね here?\n\nThe simple answer is that in this case, ね provides emphasis to what is being\nsaid. In this case, I would say that the English equivalent is:\n\n> I _will_ call you tomorrow.\n\nWhat's really happening is that the speaker is indicating a decision after\nsome consideration.\n\nね, has other uses however. (I used [this source](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/sentence-ending-particles/) heavily for the following\nexamples. I recommend you read it.)\n\nYou can use it like to ask for agreement: `むずかしいね。(difficult, isn't it?)` In\nresponse, you can agree with ね as well: `うん、むずかしいね。`\n\nYou can use it to confirm information: `がっこうにくるね。 (you're coming to school,\nright?)`\n\nYou can use it to express something after consideration (as is the case with\nyour sentence).\n\nYou can use it to express denial: `げんきじゃないね。 (No, they aren't lively.)`\n\nYou can use it as a filler word: `あしたね、いくつもり？ (Are you going tomorrow?)` In\nthis case, ね doesn't really have meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-30T13:58:01.907",
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72182
| null |
72192
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "72188",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a short story the protagonist says this sentence:\n\n> そして僕は突然、自分が知っている誰からも、自分が知っている **どこの場所** からも、信じられないくらい遠く隔てられ、引き離されているんだと感じる\n\nI was wondering: why `自分が知っている**どこの場所**` instead of just `自分が知っている**場所**`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T10:24:25.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72185",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T11:46:43.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Differences between 場所 and どこの場所",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you understand 誰からも in this sentence, this どこの場所からも is almost the same.\n\n * 自分が知っている **誰** から **も** 離される \nto be separated from **any** one I know\n\n * 自分が知っている場所から離される \nto be separated from **a/the** place I know\n\n * 自分が知っている **どこの** 場所から **も** 離される \nto be separated from **any** place I know\n\nどこの場所 is a relatively uncommon combination, if not wrong. Usually どの場所からも,\nどんな場所からも or simply どこからも is used to say _from anywhere/everywhere_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T11:40:08.660",
"id": "72188",
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72185
|
72188
|
72188
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "72189",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know the `んだ` form is used to give and ask for explanations, but I'm not\nsure about its usage in this passage; context: a girl asked a boy how much he\nloves her, he answer and then starts explaining his answer:\n\n> そして僕は突然、自分が知っている誰からも、自分が知っているどこの場所からも、信じられないくらい遠く隔てられ、引き離されている **んだ** と感じる\n\nIt seems like an explanatory usage of `んだ` and it makes sense, since he is\ngiving an explanation; I'm not sure because that sentence is just part of the\nexplanation the boy gives, and before and after `んだ` is used just another time\n(in a `なんだ` form). So I was wondering: why that sentence uses `んだ`, while the\nrest of the explanation doesn't? It's like the character felt the need to\nstress that part?\n\nFor reference, some more of the explanation (if needed I can copy also the\nfollowing part):\n\n>\n> ある時、夜中にふと目が覚める。正確な時刻はわからない。たぶん二時か三時か、そんなものだと思う。でも何時かというのはそれほど重要なことじゃない。とにかくそれは真夜中で僕はまったくのひとりぼっちで、まわりにはだれもいない。いいかい想像してみてほしい。あたりは真っ暗で、何も見えない。物音ひとつ聞こえない。時計の針が時を刻む音だって聞こえない―時計はとまってしまったかもしれないな。そして僕は突然、自分が知っている誰からも、自分が知っているどこの場所からも、信じられないくらい遠く隔てられ、引き離されている\n> **んだ** と感じる",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T10:31:02.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72186",
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"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this ~んだ form an explanation?",
"view_count": 234
}
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[
{
"body": "Yes, this んだ is an explanatory-の followed by だ.\n\nIn this paragraph, the weird situation that needs to be explained is 誰もいない,\n何も見えない, 物音ひとつ聞こえない, etc. In other words, these are treated as \"questions\"\nrather than explanations. And the corresponding \"explanation\" (or \"answer\") he\nsuddenly noticed is \"僕は誰からも、どこの場所からも引き離されている\".\n\n * 何も見えない。 物音ひとつ聞こえない。 \n→ I can see or hear nothing. (Why?)\n\n * そして僕は突然遠く引き離されている **んだ** と感じる \n→ I suddenly noticed I'm separated from everything I know! (And that's why I\ncan see or hear nothing!)\n\nBy the way, is this whole thing really an answer to \"How much do you love me\"?\nThen you can forget that context for now. Obviously, saying 引き離されているんだ does\nnot serve as an explanation to her question. He has started a long story which\nseemingly has nothing to do with their love.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T12:04:50.967",
"id": "72189",
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"score": 3
}
] |
72186
|
72189
|
72189
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 値段が高いレストランはあまり好きじゃない\n\nThis is a sentence from my texbook and I can't understand why there is は after\nレストラン? As I know, we always use が after something that we 好き. In this sentence\nwe doesn't like restaurants so shouldn't it be like this?\n\n> 値段が高いレストランがあまり好きじゃない",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T11:01:14.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72187",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T13:56:33.327",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T13:03:28.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35526",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Using が or は with 好き",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[] |
72187
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I recently was reading something and I found the structure そのものだ, which at\nfirst glance it is not quite mean \"that thing\" as I thought, and the best\nexplanation of it that I could find was in the \"A dictionary of Advanced\nJapanese grammar\", and from what I saw, after a noun, it is translated as\n\"itself\" or \"the picture of/the embodiment of~ (health, beauty etc.) \nThe book said that after a Na-adjective such as in the examples taken from the\nbook \n\n> 温厚そのものだ (s.o is very gentle) \n> 温厚そのものの人柄 (a very gentle personality) \n>\n\nIn these examples, 'sono mono' is just used to place more emphasis? (If you\ncould provide me with more examples it would be great, because most of the\nones that are in the book and what I saw on websites, they are usually\ntranslated with the meanings itself\" or \"the picture of/the embodiment of~\nlike I mentioned. \nMy sentence was like this: \n\n> さくらが捨てた感傷そのものだ \n>\n\n(someone is narrating and holding an object that belonged to Sakura, which the\nnarrator knew she was attached to it, but after a painful event, Sakura\nabandoned it, a metaphor for throwing away her sentimentality) \nand I think here it could translate as:\n\n> \"Sakura threw (this-the item) the very embodiment of her sentimentality\"\n\nI hope I could explain well enough!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-30T13:04:40.403",
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"id": "72190",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "そのものだ how is it translated?",
"view_count": 628
}
|
[
{
"body": "～そのもの is an emphatic expression that can be translated in various ways,\nincluding \"～ itself\", \"the very ～\", \"exactly ～\", \"typical ～\", \"perfectly\",\n\"by/in itself\", \"nothing but ～\", \"embodiment of ～\" and so on.\n\n> (それは)さくらが捨てた感傷そのものだ。 \n> This item is the very (symbol of the) sentimental feeling Sakura has thrown\n> away.\n\nNote that the subject of this sentence is not Sakura but the \"item\" itself.\nさくらが捨てた is a relative clause that modifies 感傷そのもの. As you said, this is a\nmetaphorical sentence similar to \"You are my sunshine\" or \"This is a\ncornerstone\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T00:59:53.680",
"id": "72205",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T00:59:53.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72190
| null |
72205
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72204",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 街に戻ってきた者も\n>\n> 怯えきって人との関わりを絶っているときた\n\nHow does ときた work here? My understanding of the 2nd sentence's a bit rough. I\nknow \"人との関わり\" means \"human interaction\". What I'm not sure here is the\nfunction of \"絶っているときた\". I've only ever seen 絶っている like this.\n<https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E3%82%92%E7%B5%B6%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T14:00:27.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72193",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T00:38:26.813",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34028",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"絶っている\" mean?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "* The verb 絶つ has [various meanings](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%96%AD%E3%81%A4%E3%83%BB%E7%B5%B6%E3%81%A4-320742), and 関わりを絶つ (\"to break off a relationship\") is a common combination. ている describes the continuation of state (i.e., \"has broken off\").\n * ときた/とくる (quotative-と followed by 来た) is an exclamatory phrase added after some surprising or extraordinary statement. It's hard to translate this literally, but it's \"to go further\", \"on top of that\", \"even\", \"ha!\" or something like that.\n\n> 街に戻ってきた者も怯えきって人との関わりを絶っているときた。 \n> Those who returned to the town are completely frightened and even have shut\n> themselves away from people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T00:38:26.813",
"id": "72204",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72193",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72193
|
72204
|
72204
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a Japanese manga and I found this \"maybe\" slang sentence. A female\ncharacter is asked to perform as actress in a school movie and her answer is:\n\n> \"えーー女優とか、やったことないしなー\"\n\nMy guess is \"An actress? I've never done it\" but the grammar meaning looks\nobscure. Maybe I'm wrong but two negations arise: \"ない\" and \"しなー.\" I think it's\na contraction coming from \"しない\" or \"しなかった\". Probably some particles have been\nomitted too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T16:47:12.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72195",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T17:41:33.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T17:37:15.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "35529",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Understanding and grammar meaning behind \"やったことないしなー\"",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "しなー isn't a contracted negation. Rather, you have the [sentence ending\nparticle な](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33969/when-is-na-\nused-at-the-end-of-a-sentence) preceded by し, which indicates a [partial list\nof reasons](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/multiple_verbs).\n\nGiven the usage of the particles my understanding is as follows:\n\n> Whaaat? But I haven't acted before (among other reasons).\n\nNote that the な at the end of the sentence also indicates that she isn't super\nconfident in her ability either.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T17:07:29.400",
"id": "72196",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T17:41:33.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T17:41:33.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "72195",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
72195
| null |
72196
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72198",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I searched the term on the site, and I noticed that while it could mean\n\"what's that\", it also had some negative meanings. What would be a better way\nto ask \"What's that?\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T18:56:04.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72197",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T19:34:23.470",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T19:34:23.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"politeness",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is 何それ a rude phrase?",
"view_count": 281
}
|
[
{
"body": "何それ? is not necessarily rude, but it is certainly informal. As such, it should\nprobably only be used with friends or family or in an informal environment.\nUsing it outside those boundaries might risk it sounding somewhat brusque or\nperhaps even rude.\n\nA standard polite alternative is:\n\n> それは何ですか。 What is that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T19:17:47.140",
"id": "72198",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T19:34:23.023",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T19:34:23.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "72197",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
72197
|
72198
|
72198
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72202",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hear this message after dialing a phone number. I know that I cannot enter\nfor some reason, but I don't know what the reason is. Is the message box full?\nIs the number not being used or misdialed? It's an automated message. Any help\nwould be appreciated, the message seems kind of garbled. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T20:04:45.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72199",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T14:37:05.530",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-02T14:37:05.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"phrases",
"listening"
],
"title": "What does \"Denzen/Zenzen haitenai dame\" mean on a telephone message recording?",
"view_count": 456
}
|
[
{
"body": "After googling about a bit, I hit on [a likely\nthread](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1058459785).\n\nI suspect that the actual message is something like the following. The piece\nthat you specifically mention is in bold.\n\n> お掛【か】けになった電話【でんわ】は電波【でんぱ】の届【とど】かない場所【ばしょ】にあるか **電源【でんげん】が入【はい】っていないため**\n> かかりません。\n\nBreaking down the translation of the bolded portion:\n\n> 電源【でんげん】 が 入【はい】っていない ため \n> power `[SUBJ]` in is not because → \n> because the power is not on\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not fully address your question.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T23:26:45.033",
"id": "72202",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T23:40:38.897",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-30T23:40:38.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72199",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72199
|
72202
|
72202
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Every time I'm feeling confident about the correct usage of に, を, and で, I get\nthrown for a loop. Could someone please explain to me the use of に in this\nsentence:\n\n_I will study a lot and pass the test_\n\n> watashi wa takusan benkyō shite tesuto **ni** gōkaku shimasu \n> 私はたくさん勉強してテスト **に** 合格します。\n\nI chose を instead of に and it was marked incorrect on my test. I'm not really\nsure why. I'm assuming that に is correct because I should have interpreted the\nsentence as \"I will study a lot **to pass the test** \"?\n\nThank you very much in advance for any clarification.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T20:11:26.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72200",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-09T01:53:48.177",
"last_edit_date": "2022-09-09T01:53:48.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "に vs. を in \"to pass a test\"",
"view_count": 2630
}
|
[
{
"body": "I suppose the one sentence answer is that 合格する is an **intransitive** verb and\nso it cannot use を to indicate the object.\n\nThere's two things to note here I think:\n\n 1. する-verbs can be either intransitive, transitive, or both. Only transitive verbs can use the direct object marker を. \n\n> 合格 (intransitive)\n>\n> 検索{けんさく} (transitive): 索引{さくいん}で関係事項{かんけいじこう} **を検索** する\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2/#jn-69682))\n>\n> 完成{かんせい} (both):「大作{たいさく} **を完成** する」「ビル **が完成** する」\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90/#jn-48651))\n\n 2. に means many things, one of which can translate to the English \"to\". In this case it is used to indicate the (indirect) object of the verb 合格する. \n\nSome additional references:\n\n * [Usage of Particle Ni](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12130/usage-of-particle-ni)\n * [Wasabi's guide to uses of に](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-particle-ni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-have/)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-30T21:53:27.423",
"id": "72201",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-30T21:53:27.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "72200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The ultimate answer to your question is \"Japanese is different from English\".\nI understand you want a reason, but there may not be a good reason. Some\nEnglish transitive verbs are translated using a Japanese intransitive verb,\nand vice versa. For each verb, you have to remember the correct particle, one\nby one.\n\n**Intransitive in English, Transitive in Japanese**\n\n * to look at the picture 絵 **を** 見る \n * to listen to the music 音楽 **を** 聞く\n * to hope for a success 成功 **を** 望む\n * to graduate from the school 学校 **を** 卒業する\n * to refer to a dictionary 辞書 **を** 参照する\n\n**Transitive in English, Intransitive in Japanese**\n\n * to reach the destination 目的地 **に** 着く\n * to enter the park 公園 **に** 入る\n * to meet her 彼女 **に** 会う / 彼女 **と** 会う\n * to kiss him 彼 **に** キスする\n * to marry her 彼女 **と** 結婚する\n * to say yes はい **と** 言う\n\nTricky ones like 合格する are asked in exams. In general, it's always best to\nlearn verbs along with its concrete usage examples.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T01:45:19.120",
"id": "72206",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T01:45:19.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "The reason it takes に _could_ be that 合格する carries an image of \"matching\". The\nverb 合う (\"to match\"), which uses the same character, also takes に to mark its\ntarget.\n\nBy the way, 会う, which shares an origin with 合う, is also used with に and not を.\nWhy so is a [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/88919/43676)\nfrequently asked by learners.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-09-09T01:25:40.523",
"id": "96169",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-09T01:25:40.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "43676",
"parent_id": "72200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72200
| null |
72206
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72207",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In episode 12 of Death Note Light is watching a video sized by the police of\nthe second Kira and gets angry at how this Kira is tarnishing the real Kira's\nreputation, to which THIS blog author replies with a short reflection from\nwhen Lights got tricked into killing who he thought was L:\n\n> あのー、すいません月さん。あなたが抱いているキラのイメージってどんなものなんですか？\n> これまでマスコミで報道されたキラの行動というのは（偽キラの一件を除けば）安い挑発に引っかかってリンド・L・テイラーを殺し、しかも肝心のLには手を出せなかったという公開羞恥プレイだけなんですけど。その後についても、本人としてはLや警察をあざ笑うかのように正義の裁きを行っているつもりなのかも知れませんが、醒めた一般人（例えば俺）には「釣られたからって引きこもってやんのテラワロスwww」とネタにされているのではないか、という可能性も少しは考えましょうね。\n\nThis is the part I'm having trouble with:\n\n>\n> その後についても、本人としてはLや警察をあざ笑うかのように正義の裁きを行っているつもりなのかも知れませんが、醒めた一般人（例えば俺）には「釣られたからって引きこもってやんのテラワロスwww」とネタにされているのではないか、という可能性も少しは考えましょうね。\n\nI'm trying to interpret this as:\n\n> \"Even though Light has the belief he's imparting justice as if to mock L and\n> the police, for woken people like me, isn't there a joke that says \"I may\n> have been tricked but you're f**king staying indoors\"? Think about that for\n> a minute.\n\nWhat's the correct interpretation of this joke? I know that てやん is a vulgar\nform of ている, (hence I'm using an expletive) but I don't see what's wrong with\nL staying indoors. Am I missing something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T00:21:15.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72203",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T03:32:55.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"jokes"
],
"title": "How to interpret this joke: 釣られたからって引きこもってやんのテラワロスwww",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "* This ネタにされている does not mean there is such a recurring joke. This ネタ just refers to a \"(funny/amusing) conversation piece\". The sentence is saying Kira's story is used as a good conversational topic by ordinary people, or simply, people are rumoring about him. The author is saying cool-minded people must understand Kira has already been driven into a corner.\n * The implication of this 引きこもる is \"to run and hide (like a coward)\" or \"to keep oneself hidden (until people forget about him)\". The content of the quote is like \"(Kira,) You are hiding yourself after being tricked and noticing you're in danger!\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T02:11:50.820",
"id": "72207",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T03:32:55.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T03:32:55.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72203
|
72207
|
72207
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> こんな、少女と言って **いい歳** の女の子が殺し屋だと？\n\nI'm wondering if there is an omitted particle between the bolded いい and 歳 of\nthe above sentence, which is the last sentence in the provided context below.\n\nContext: Narrative character is thinking about another character named \"Ein\"\n(Ain in katakana).\n\n> アインの歳は幾つだろう？ たしかに大人びた印象はあるが、どう見てもまだ子供だ。こんな、少女と言って **いい歳** の女の子が殺し屋だと？\n\nI can infer the いい is most likely connected to the 言って as 言って is being quoted\nwith the と particle; and the 歳 is connected to の女の子. Is there an omitted\nparticle in the above sentence; and if there isn't, what is occurring in the\nbolded section of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T04:40:19.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72208",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T22:13:29.070",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T22:13:29.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"reading-comprehension",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Is there an omitted particle between the いい and 歳 in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no omitted particle. 少女と言っていい (\"where it's good to say girl\"; \"safely\ncalled a girl\") is a relative clause that modifies 歳 (\"age\").\n\n * 大人と言っていい人 \na person who you can call an adult\n\n * 少女と言っていい歳 \nan age which you can call a shōjo('s age)\n\nAs for the difference between 少女 and 女の子, 少女 is a relatively literary word for\na girl roughly between 8 and 17. 女の子 also includes female babies, and\nsometimes young female adults roughly up to 30, too (like the [recent use of\n女子](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/57676/5010)).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T05:13:43.257",
"id": "72209",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T05:21:48.787",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T05:21:48.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72208",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72208
| null |
72209
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "体面{たいめん} = honor; dignity; prestige; reputation; appearances \n面目{めんぼく} = face; countenance; honor; reputation; prestige; dignity\n\nAs individual words they seem to be almost the same, is there any difference I\nneed to be aware of? I'm especially curious how the phrases they are used in\ndistinguish their meanings.\n\nFor example, the construct `～を保つ` exists for both 体面 and 面目 but do the phrases \n`体面を保つ` and `面目を保つ` \nhave meanings that are as similar as the words by themselves or do differences\nin meaning and usage become apparent?\n\nThe reason I think differences may appear is because of the difference in the\nverbs used with each of these words.\n\n(All of the following are 体面を・面目を+VERB from the NINJAL corpus; excluded some\nat my own discretion for brevity; attempted to group them by concept\n仲間外れがあれば、自由に修正してください。)\n\n> Same for both 体面 and 面目 \n> 保つ \n> 守る \n> 重んじる \n> 損なう \n> 失う\n>\n> Unique to 体面 \n> 気にする・思いやる \n> 汚す・捨てる \n> 維持する・繕う \n> 表す \n> 与える\n>\n> Unique to 面目 \n> 施す \n> 一新する・改める・回復する・取り返す \n> 高める・立てる \n> 潰す・失わす・欠く \n> 示す・見せる \n> 発揮する・主張する・貫く \n> うかがう\n\nSo what I noticed is that while both 体面 and 面目 are important, to be protected,\nand can be lost, only 面目 has positive words like 一新する・改める・回復する・取り返す・高める・立てる\nassociated with it, while with 体面 the best you can do is 維持する・繕う。\n\nWith 体面, you 気にする・思いやる it, but with 面目, you 示す・見せる・発揮する・主張する・貫く it.\n\nI'm not sure how clear this is, but there seems to be an intrinsic,\nsignificant difference between these words that a dictionary can't express.\nThat's what I'm trying to get to the bottom of.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T05:56:17.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72210",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-15T23:30:29.990",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T12:38:48.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 体面 and 面目？",
"view_count": 420
}
|
[
{
"body": "体面 is what other people feel about person. \n面目 is what person feels about himself/herself.\n\n体面 is what PR-activity creates. It is so called \"personal brand\". \n面目 is feeling yourself a human, not an animal.\n\n体面 is respect and authoriy in eyes of other people. \n面目 is self-respect in person's own eyes.\n\n体面 is public matter. \n面目 is private matter.\n\n体面 can mean nothing to person's emotions. \n面目 is about emotional state of a person.\n\nThere are people for whom 体面 and 面目 are deeply connected. When there is some\ndamage to their public brand, that is to 体面, they feel, that it creates damage\nto their 面目. These people are usually called honest or man of honor. For\nexample, samurais were men of honour, that means if they got damage to their\n体面 they must kill themselves. In Russia and in Europe 150 years ago, if\nsomebody hurts your 体面, you have a right to challenge this person to a duel\nand to kill him (or to be killed).\n\nBut there are also people for whom 体面 and 面目 are not connected at all or\nslightly connected. When there is some damage to their public brand, that is\nto 体面, they feel, that it creates no damage to their 面目.\n\nLet's take stackexchange for example. \nWhen you post a question or an answer you might get minuses, many-many minuses\nand your post gets red. That is damage to your 体面. For example, when I write\nthese words, I have 320 points of my public reputation on stackexchange. So 体面\ncan be mesured in points, in number of subscribers at your youtube channel or\nin amount of money you earn.\n\nBut would you feel, that minuses on stackexchage hurt your feelings? \nIf yes, then you have damage to 面目. \nIf no, then you have no damage to 面目.\n\nPeople, who can not get damage to their 面目 also can be called shameless. \nNo matter what happens to them, they do not feel shame at all, but they can\nget damage to their personal brand, that is to their 体面.\n\nDamage to 体面 is when people hate you, when people around you decided that you\nare a bad person and you should be punished/banned/forgotten/fired/etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-11T19:59:20.813",
"id": "72430",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-11T20:10:51.127",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-11T20:10:51.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "34165",
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"parent_id": "72210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As in the comment, 「体面を保つ」and 「面目ない」are common phrase. Let's analyze how it\nworks.\n\nIf CEO of the company does not wear suits and goes to an important meeting\nwearing T-shirt, normally you \"can not save your face\" :「体面を保てない」 as CEO since\nCEO has such a social status that they are expected to be seen as such. It is\ntalking about more of ambience. It's like face-value or a package of product.\n\nIf CEO of the company did the presentation of their product and could not\nappeal to the market, they might feel「面目ない」to stakeholders such as employees\nor shareholders. So the phrase is used when the reputation and expectation\nactually really matters to the environment.\n\nThus,「面目」is used in a situation which is more sensible and to be bona-fide\nthan「体面」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-15T23:30:29.990",
"id": "72534",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-15T23:30:29.990",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
72210
| null |
72430
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm Indonesian and am still learning Japanese. I'm curious how to write my\nname Hanief (Haniif or usually just Hanif).\n\nIt's from the Arabic word (حنيف) and means\n\n 1. righteous\n 2. upright or true believer\n\nIs this katakana right?\n\n * ハニーフ\n * ハニエフ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T11:58:13.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72211",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T13:49:29.503",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T13:24:29.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "35535",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "How to write Hanief (my name) in Japanese?",
"view_count": 800
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that either ハニーフ or ハニフ is probably what you want.\n\nAs has been mentioned in the comments, both seem to be used by people with the\nsame name. I think the best way to choose between the two is to use the\npronunciation/intonation in your native language as a guide:\n\n * if you pronounce your name as **_Ha** nif_ (i.e. the stress on the first syllable / short _i_ ), you might want to go for ハニフ\n\n * if you pronounce it _Han **i** f_ (i.e. stress on the second syllable / long _i_ ), you might want to go for ハニーフ.\n\n(The reason is that the natural pitch accent will be ハニフ【HLL】 and ハニーフ【LHLL】\nand one of those would be a better match for the intonation in your language.)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T13:18:46.547",
"id": "72212",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T13:49:29.503",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T13:49:29.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "72211",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
72211
| null |
72212
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72230",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "乞うご期待 is a set expression that means \"Don't miss it!\"\n\nWhat's up with the weird word order? If I interpret this to really mean\nご期待を乞う, then I can't think of any other circumstance in Japanese where the\nobject of a main verb can _follow_ the verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T13:49:20.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72213",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T10:06:31.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What's up with the weird word order in 乞うご期待?",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the headline is used\n[「倒置法」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%92%E7%BD%AE) and\n[「体言止め」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E6%8A%80%E6%B3%95#%E4%BD%93%E8%A8%80%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81)・[「喚体句」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9A%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%A5)\ni.e.「ご期待を乞う」→ 「乞うご期待」.\n\nThe author using the figure of speech to emphasize the author's \"wish\": 「乞う」\nand the reverberation of 「体言止め」 is actually sustaining \"anticipation\" : 「御期待」.\n\n「乞うご期待」seems to have started to be expressed as 「乞御期待」 in the advertisement of\nthe movie currently showing at the theater.\n\n「乞うご期待」: _I very wish you guys really look forward to for the next time_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HdW0Z.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T23:10:16.143",
"id": "72225",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T23:10:16.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "From today's perspective, it might as well be called a sample of anastrophe.\nHowever, not many words other than 乞う use this type of formula.\n\nEtymologically, it comes from a specific practice in the\n[漢文訓読](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun) tradition. There is a Chinese\nverb 請 \"treat\" that is also used as if English \"please\". This \"interjectory\" 請\nis often read out at the original place instead of brought after the object.\n\n> 請息交以絕游 \n> 請【こ】う 交【まじ】わりを息【や】めて\n> 以【もっ】て游【ゆう】を絶【た】たん（[帰去来辞](https://kanbun.info/syubu/kikyorainoji.html)）\n>\n> 請君爲我傾耳聽 \n> 請【こ】う君【きみ】\n> 我【わ】が為【ため】に耳【みみ】を傾【かたむ】けて聴【き】け（[将進酒](http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/%7Eshici/rs61.htm)）\n\nThe 乞う～ expression is the remnant of this construction, normally with\nhomonymous 乞 instead of correct 請.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-02T09:38:03.030",
"id": "72230",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T10:06:31.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "72213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
72213
|
72230
|
72230
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72215",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The context here is that an elevator fell and someone died in the fall\n\n> ワイヤを止めてる金具が外れて落下という線には間違いないんだけどね\n\nI understand the sentence but i can't wrap my head around 線's meaning here",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T14:23:23.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72214",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T16:41:09.367",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T16:41:09.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "35324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "what does 線 mean here?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 線 refers to a possible way of thinking, a possible solution (among\nothers), an approach, etc. This is often used in detective stories.\n\n> * 物事を行う道筋・方針。「その線で交渉しよう」\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/125520/meaning/m0u/))\n> * 物事を行う上での（漠然とした）方針や道筋。「その線で考えてみよう」(明鏡国語辞典 第二版)\n> * 8. line (of action); position; approach; policy; principle\n> ([jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%B7%9A))\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-01T14:33:51.553",
"id": "72215",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T14:33:51.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72214
|
72215
|
72215
|
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