question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72784",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "どんな厳しいことも容赦なく叩きつけてきたこれまでの流れから、その様子が異様なものであることを理解するのに、生徒たちもそう多くの時間を必要としなかった。\n\nThe sentence was from a light novel, and the story is about a teacher who came\nto the class to announce an unreasonable additional exam to her students.\n\n**叩きつけてきた** from **叩きつける** made me confused for its meaning:\n\nFrom **jisho.org**\n\n 1. to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to slap something onto; to dash (e.g. to the floor)\n\n 2. to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)\n\nThen I found a much more relevant meaning for the translation from\n**dictionary.goo.ne.jp** :\n\n**激しい勢いで差し出す** 。 ( I was thinking maybe the word \" **present** \" here can also\nbe translated as \" **announce** \".)\n\nI wonder if my interpretation appropriate for this context.\n\nThank you for your kind guidance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T04:26:53.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72779",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T13:03:00.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "The translation of 叩きつけてきた",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the definition of jisho and goo辞書 is correct and 「 **激しい勢いで差し出す。** 」\nmatches the sentence you provide.\n\nYour interpretation seems almost correct. But I guess basically teachers are\n_bidding/disciplining/educating_ their students rather than just\npresenting/announcing additional exam to them.\n\nSo, I think the sentence probably means _\"Since how difficult things had been\nbombarded so far, students did not need that much time to understand that the\nsituation was unusual.\"_",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T12:44:05.800",
"id": "72784",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T12:44:05.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72779",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72779
|
72784
|
72784
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In 新完全{しんかんぜん}マスター文法{ぶんぽう}N2 page xi the formation rules for 〜ものか are\n\n> 普通形{ふつうけい}（ナ形｛けい｝ ~~だ~~ -な・名｛めい｝ ~~だ~~ -な）＋ものか\n\nThese rules seem to preclude the form 〜であるものか.\n\nThere is also this note at the bottom of the same page\n\n> 本書｛ほんしょ｝では、あまり使｛つか｝われない接続｛せつぞく｝のし方｛かた｝は載｛の｝せていません。\n\nIs 〜であるものか form incorrect or is it just less frequently used?\n\nTo give concrete examples: a) `きれいなものか`, b) `きれいであるものか`. I fail to\nfeel/understand why b) would be incorrect/unnatural.\n\nBelow I give reasons why I think `〜であるものか` might be correct.\n\n 1. I found a sentence containing `であるものか` on a Japanese website ([city.seto.aichi.jp](http://www.city.seto.aichi.jp/docs/2016070500065/files/oboyoryo2017.pdf)):\n\n> 補助金｛ほじょきん｝がなければ実施｛じっし｝が困難｛こんなん｝であるものか。\n\n 2. I found in a 国語辞書{こくごじしょ} ([dictionary.goo.ne.jp](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219799/meaning/m0u/)) that 〜ものか follows a 連体形｛連体形｝:\n\n> ［終助｛しゅうじょ｝］《連語｛れんご｝「ものか1」から》連体形に付｛つ｝く。\n\nAnd I reason that given a 形容動詞, for example きれいだ, I can get a 連体形 in more than\none way:\n\n * `きれいな` - by definition,\n * `きれいである` because it is `きれいで` (連用形｛れんようけい｝) + verb `ある` (連体形).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T10:20:03.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72781",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T10:55:34.630",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-27T10:55:34.630",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Is 〜であるものか construction allowable?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[] |
72781
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72789",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "以前、この四つの文の違いをネーティブに尋ねてみました。\n\n 1. 「あまり好きじゃない **ね** 」\n 2. 「あまり好きじゃない **よね** 」\n 3. 「あまり好きじゃない **んだね** 」\n 4. 「あまり好きじゃない **んだよね** 」\n\nその人によると、「ね」と「んだよね」の文は自分の好みを他人に話している感じで、「んだね」の文は話し相手から聞いた情報を自分で言い返している感じで、「よね」の文は他人の好みについて自分の推測か、相手の言ったことの解釈を話している感じだということです。さらには、「ね」と「んだよね」の違いを尋ねてみたら、「ね」の方が断定が強く、「んだよね」の方が柔らかいと答えてもらいました。\n\n「ね」は自分のことを、「よね」は他人のことを話しているのは納得できますが、なぜ「のだ」を入れるだけでそれが逆になるのでしょうか。\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T11:40:40.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72782",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T03:18:06.807",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-27T13:04:49.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "23869",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles",
"no-da"
],
"title": "「だね」「だよね」と「のだね」「のだよね」の違い",
"view_count": 1026
}
|
[
{
"body": "ポイントは、「んだよ」と「よね」がいずれもチャンク (chunk)\nとして機能することと、「んだよね」を「んだよ＋ね」と「んだ＋よね」のいずれに解釈するかです。\n\nお話のインフォーマントの方の解釈は「んだよ＋ね」(4a)、つまり、ある文に「ね」がくっついた構造であって、その「ある文」というのが「んだよ」で終わる形、つまり第１の文と同じく話し手の領分の情報を内容とする文なので同じように機能するというわけです。\n\nこれを「んだ＋よね」と解釈した場合(4b)は、第２の文と同じように相手に尋ねる感じになります。この場合の第２の文との違いは、２が単にそのように推測しているのに対して、４は聞き手の領分のある言動をそのような趣旨、意味合いだと解釈したということになります。なので、４の方が根拠がある感じがします。\n\n「んだ」が表すものは第３の文と４bが共通で聞き手の事情の解釈、４aが話し手の事情の説明になります。３の「んだね」の形は「んだな」に比べてあまり話し手の事情の説明にはなりにくいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T03:18:06.807",
"id": "72789",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T03:18:06.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "72782",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72782
|
72789
|
72789
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Is there a difference in interpretation or how one would understand sentences\nthat use a transitive vs intransitive verb? e.g. in the below\n\n味噌汁を入れたマグカップ vs 味噌汁が入ったマグカップ\n\n> 「でもお前、俺のこと好きだったじゃん」\n>\n> 「……帰っていいか」\n>\n> 「逃げるな。いま逃げたらお前の部屋の扉の前で連呼するぞ。お前は俺が好きだーって、寮の子たちの前で」\n>\n> 「うぐ」\n>\n> さすがにそれは恥ずかしいんだろう。歯がみする理亜。\n>\n> **味噌汁を入れたマグカップ** を置いて。\n>\n> 「……」\n>\n> 「だった。でいい、教えてくれ」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T12:03:19.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72783",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T12:03:19.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "transitive vs intransitive verbs in relative clauses",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[] |
72783
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Why do the names of some Japanese prefectures contain 『しま』when, clearly, they\nare not island prefectures?\n\nFor example, 広島 means \"spacious/vast island,\" doesn't it? However, Hiroshima\nis not an island... And there are more examples like this: 福 **島** 、徳 **島**\n、and 鹿児 **島**.\n\nI hope you can clear this up. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T14:59:36.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72785",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T14:59:36.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why do the names of some Japanese prefectures contain 『しま』when, clearly, they are not island prefectures?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[] |
72785
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am going to travel to japan the next spring and I just want to be able to\nread most of the signs (and of course speak some Japanese). Any answers on\nwhat is the most common to use on signs: Katakana, Hiragana or Kanji?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T15:53:43.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72786",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T20:05:41.653",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-28T20:05:41.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "35865",
"owner_user_id": "35852",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What is mostly used on signs in Tokyo: Katakana, Hiragana or Kanji?",
"view_count": 5655
}
|
[
{
"body": "Statistically speaking, the answer is definitely kanji, because the vast\nmajority of Japanese nouns (including place names) are written in kanji. For\nexample, on signboards, Tokyo is 東京 (kanji), Ginza is 銀座 (kanji), _subway_ is\n地下鉄 (kanji). However, there are over 1000 common kanji each with more than one\nreading, while there are only 40-some hiragana/katakana. It usually makes no\nsense to remember only kanji, but if all you want to do is to identify a few\nwords for fun, you may choose to do so. By the way, almost all important signs\nhave [romaji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese) like\n[this](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_Road_sign_105-A.svg),\ntoo.\n\nI recommend you read a basic article about the Japanese writing system.\nJapanese uses a combination of kanji, katakana and hiragana to write a\nsentence. This means a typical Japanese sentence has all kanji, hiragana and\nkatakana mixed together (see [example\nhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system#Examples)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T05:38:46.767",
"id": "72793",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T05:38:46.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72786",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "The road signs in most places in Japan have been\n[standardised](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_signs_in_Japan), such that\nany directional signs will typically have both Japanese (typically kanji with\nkana where appropriate) and English for place names. Most other signs will\neither have just a symbol or include a small amount of Japanese (e.g. 止まれ),\npossibly with English as well.\n\nAs for shop signs, they can vary widely. As you can see in the images in [this\nLonely Planet article](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/best-places-to-\nshop-tokyo), there are some recognisable logos, some bilingual signs, and some\nsigns completely in one language.\n\nIf you don't know much Japanese yet, then reading signs will be a combination\nof luck, pattern recognition, and having a good reference to work from.\nGetting your hands on an English or bilingual map of the area you're going to\nbe in will be extremely helpful, as will having a mobile internet connection\n(for maps and also possibly automated translation through Google Translate or\na similar service). Many Japanese people speak some level of English, so you\nmay survive just by looking sufficiently helpless and asking for directions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T05:43:23.477",
"id": "72794",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T05:43:23.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "72786",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
72786
| null |
72793
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72791",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I grabbed this sentence off NHK news easy,\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012139481000/k10012139481000.html> .\n\nThe sentence is,\n国立成育医療研究センターと国立がん研究センターは、２０１６年と２０１７年,約８００の病院などでがんだとわかった若い世代について調べました。\n\nThe following sentence uses がんだとわかった as well. I believe this to be がん as in\ncancer, followed by the copula then the quotation particle and 分かる. I'm having\nsome confusion as to what the subject is though. First off, I think there are\ntwo subjects. The first being the two research centers marked by は. They are\ndoing the investigating (調べました).\n\n２０１６年と２０１７年,約８００の病院などで is marking the time and place. 2016/2017, at\napproximately 800 hospitals.\n\nThen, for the modifier of 世代, \"がんだとわかった若い世代, I'd get something like \"It is\nunderstood to be cancer young generation\" or more fitted for English 'the\nyoung generation who are known to have cancer.\" The だ is for cancer as a state\nof being so there should be something like Zeroががんだとわかった. What's the zero or\nunsaid subject here though? 人たち? It?\n\nI'm mainly confused at why the だ is used with an unsaid subject. I know it\nhappens all the time but especially since this clause is modifiying 若い世代, it\nseems a bit redunant to me. If you take the だ off, then there is no state of\nbeing inferred for the young generation with cancer. It happens in the\nfollowing sentence too and is modifying 人. がんだとわかった５万７７８８人.\n\nSorry for the rambling but if anyone can help me understand this it would be\nmuch appreciated. Thanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T22:36:22.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72787",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T04:30:18.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"copula"
],
"title": "How does がんだとわかった work in this sentence?",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I'm having some confusion as to what the subject is though.\n\nThis 癌だと分かった forms a (part of a) relative clause that modifies 若い世代, so the\nsubject is 若い世代. You can think of a \"base\" sentence like 彼らは癌だと分かった, but read\nthis like \"It turned out that they had cancers\" rather than \"They understood\nthey had cancers\". Note that Japanese diseases name [work as a noun and no-\nadjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16303/5010).\n\nThe basic structure of this sentence is:\n\n> 国立成育医療研究センターと国立がん研究センターは、Xについて調べました。 \n> NCCHD and NCC investigated X.\n\nWhere this `X` is a long noun phrase including a long relative clause:\n\n> （2016年と2017年、約800の病院などでがんだとわかった→）若い世代 \n> people of younger generations who were diagnosed as having a cancer at 800\n> medical institutes in 2016 and 2017",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T04:30:18.737",
"id": "72791",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T04:30:18.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72787
|
72791
|
72791
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72970",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I believe the two forms of [to draw](https://jisho.org/search/to%20draw) are\n描{か}く and 描{えが}き. What are the differences between them? Which one is used\nmore commonly?",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T04:39:40.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72792",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T00:45:44.127",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T00:45:44.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "32971",
"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 描【か】く and 描【えが】く?",
"view_count": 327
}
|
[
{
"body": "Please, take a look at [this related\ndiscussion](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/8hnd8v/when_to_use_%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8F%E3%81%88%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F_vs_%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8F_reading/dyl2cu5/)\nin reddit, in particular to the following passage:\n\n> [...] As for the pronunciations of 描くI believe they are fairly\n> interchangeable, but えがく is used more for artistic sketching or 'picturing'\n> and かく for drawing diagrams.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T18:09:36.697",
"id": "72970",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T18:09:36.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "72792",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72792
|
72970
|
72970
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been learning Japanese for almost a year. However, I still have some\nhardship on writing something in Japanese...\n\nWould it be okay If I put it like this:\n\n> 日本の歴史{れきし}、文化{ぶんか}と神話{しんわ}について投稿{とうこう}する。\n\nIt doesn't really make sense to me but I can't seem to organize it properly..\nCan someone help please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T12:38:20.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72795",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T10:46:26.800",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-15T10:46:26.800",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34644",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence"
],
"title": "how can I say ''I post about Japanese history, mythology and culture'' properly?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "歴史と文化と神話 - there is no enumeration comma.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T13:44:28.403",
"id": "72796",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T13:44:28.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35365",
"parent_id": "72795",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "> 「日本{にほん}の歴史{れきし},文化{ぶんか}と神話{しんわ}について投稿{とうこう}する.」\n\nThis is a nice try and virtually all Japanese-speakers would understand what\nyou are trying to say.\n\nIf I were asked, however, whether or not that sentence was 100% natural-\nsounding, I would have to say 'no'.\n\nIt would be more natural if you used the verb form 「投稿 **しています** 」 if you have\nalready been doing it even for a couple of days. This is indeed one of the\nbiggest differences between real Japanese and Japanese-as-a-foreign-language.\n\nI have seen/heard _so many_ Japanese-learners say:\n\n「わたしは大学{だいがく}で日本語{にほんご}を勉強{べんきょう} **します** 。」\n\nNative Japanese speakers, however, would invariably say:\n\n「（わたしは）大学で英語{えいご}を勉強 **しています** 。」\n\nThe first sentence using 「します」 is grammatical, but it can sound like studying\nJapanese is something the speaker plans to do in the (near) future. It sounds\nlike something said by a high school senior who is planning to study or major\nin Japanese in college.\n\nNext, the 「日本の歴史,文化と神話について」 part is not necessarily incorrect or unnatural,\nbut it can be improved a little. I would recommend:\n\n・「日本の歴史、文化そして神話 **など** について」\n\n・「日本の歴史や文化、更{さら}に神話などについて」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T02:53:07.110",
"id": "72850",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T02:53:07.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72795",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72795
| null |
72850
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72803",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is there an etymological connection between 輪{リン} as in 車輪{しゃりん} and \"ring\" in\nEnglish? Or is this a false cognate?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T20:06:43.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72802",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T12:48:03.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-28T21:25:24.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"onyomi",
"false-cognates"
],
"title": "Does the on'yomi of 輪 (リン) have any relation to the English \"ring\", or is it a coincidence?",
"view_count": 4148
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is there an etymological connection between 輪{リン} as in 車輪{しゃりん} and \"ring\"\n> in English? Or is this a false cognate?\n\nThere are a few things we have to look at to answer this.\n\n### Derivation of different Japanese readings\n\nAs we can see [in the Jisho.org entry](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%BC%AA),\n_rin_ is an _on'yomi_ for the kanji 輪. _On'yomi_ are the \"sound readings\", the\nliteral meaning of the spelling 音【おん】読【よ】み, in reference to the _sound_ of the\nkanji as borrowed from Chinese. So any question about the _on'yomi_ of a kanji\nis ultimately a question about Chinese.\n\n### Middle Chinese pronunciations\n\nLooking at the [Wiktionary entry for Chinese\n輪](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BC%AA#Chinese), and particularly the\n**Pronunciation** section, we see that modern Mandarin pronounces this as\n_lún_. That's not very close to Japanese _rin_.\n\n⇒ Japanese _on'yomi_ readings ultimately derive from Middle Chinese. Sometimes\nwe know that a particular _on'yomi_ is more specifically a 唐音【とうおん】 or \"T'ang\nsound\" borrowed during the T'ang Dynasty, or a 宋音【そうおん】 or \"Song sound\"\nborrowed during the Song Dynasty. At any rate, we can (mostly) ignore the\nmodern Chinese readings. _(Sometimes the modern varieties are informative for\nhinting at where a particular vowel value may have appeared. But that's beyond\nthe scope of this thread.)_\n\nThe Middle Chinese pronunciation is reconstructed as //liuɪn//. And if we\nclick that ▼ downward pointing triangle to expand the section, we see a\nsampling of the different reconstructions from various academic authors.\n\nI believe that part of the reason for the wide variety of reconstructions is\nthat Chinese itself has so many different varieties. Think about English even,\nwhere different regions or dialects have different phonetic realizations of\nwords. Just the first-person pronoun \"I\" can have several actual\npronunciations, such as:\n\n * //aɪ//\n * //aː//\n * //ɑe//\n\nLooking back at the Middle Chinese reconstructions for 輪, we see that some of\nthem are even closer to Japanese _rin_ than the \"main\" Zhengzhang Shangfang's\nreconstructed form of //liuɪn//, such as Pan Yuwun's //lʷin//.\n\nSo Middle Chinese //lʷin// (or something like that) was borrowed into Japanese\nas the _on'yomi_ of _rin_.\n\n### Where the Middle Chinese came from\n\nBut we still haven't answered your initial question. :)\n\nThe Middle Chinese came in turn from Old Chinese, with a Zhengzhang\nreconstructed reading of //*run//. The character 輪 itself was composed as\nsemantic (meaning) radical 車 plus 侖 as the phonetic (sound) base. We don't\nhave any further etymological information about this (or at least, I can't\nfind any based on sources to hand).\n\nTo rephrase your initial question, **is Old Chinese //*run// somehow related\nto modern English _ring_?**\n\nFollowing up on the Chinese term, our data was inconclusive.\n\n### Where the English _ring_ came from\n\nTurning to [the Wiktionary entry for\n_ring_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ring#Etymology_1), we see that English\n_ring_ is traced back to [Proto-Germanic\n_hringaz_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-\nGermanic/hringaz) (\"ring; circle; curve\"), derived from Proto-Indo-European\n(PIE) _*(s)krengʰ-_ , derived in turn from [PIE\n*(s)ker-](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-\nEuropean/\\(s\\)ker-#Root_2) (\"to turn, to bend\").\n\n### Comparing reconstructed ancient roots: Old Chinese and PIE\n\nPIE _*(s)krengʰ-_ and Old Chinese //*run// don't match up very well.\n\nHowever, [PIE is tentatively dated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-\nEuropean_language) to around the time of the domestication of the horse, maybe\n6000 years ago. Old Chinese is reconstructed to [around 3270 years\nago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese#History). That's a lot of time\n-- so we must still ask if the PIE _*(s)krengʰ-_ might have given rise to Old\nChinese //*run//.\n\nWe know from long research into sound correspondences between PIE daughter\nlanguages that the change from PIE //(s)kr-// to Proto-Germanic //hr-// was a\nregular shift. We can also see from [the list of\ndescendants](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-\nEuropean/\\(s\\)ker-#Derived_terms_2) that all other branches of PIE include\nthat hard //k// at the start, with or without the //s//. So the **only**\nbranch where the initial //(s)kr-// in reconstructed PIE _*(s)krengʰ-_ lenited\n(softened) into just //r-//, as in both modern English and Old Chinese, is the\nGermanic branch -- the branch of PIE that was most distant from Old Chinese\nspeakers.\n\n### Conclusion -- tentative\n\nGiven the state of current academia (as publicly accessible by me at the\nmoment, anyway), it appears that English _ring_ and Japanese _rin_ are only\naccidentally similar in sound and meaning.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T21:24:43.380",
"id": "72803",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T23:17:09.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-28T23:17:09.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 40
},
{
"body": "Eirikr's answer has pretty conclusively demonstrated that [\"ring\" meaning\n\"round object\"](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ring#Etymology_1) is unrelated,\nbut I can't help but point out that there's a second meaning as well in\nEnglish, namely [\"ring\" as in the sound of a\nbell](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ring#Etymology_2).\n\nIntriguingly, in Japanese the common tō-on on'yomi of the [kanji for\nbell](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%88%B4#Kanji) 鈴{リン} is also _rin_ ,\nand this character's reconstructed Old Chinese reading is /*reːŋ/. And it's\nnot just the bell itself: in Japanese, the sound of a ringing telephone is\nりーんりーん, while in modern Chinese it's 鈴鈴 _línglíng_.\n\nSo while they're still unlikely to be directly _related_ (as in descended from\neach other), it's quite possible that both evolved in parallel from\nonomatopoeia for the sound of a ringing bell.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T23:07:32.527",
"id": "72816",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T23:07:32.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1790",
"parent_id": "72802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I would preface an attempt to answer this question by _firmly_ establishing\nthe original meaning of「輪」. _Ring_ is not actually a good translation of the\ncharacter in Chinese (which has other words for _ring_ ); the two most common\ntranslations for「輪」in Chinese are:\n\n * _Wheel_\n * _Cycle_ (or the related _revolve_ )\n\nNotice the「車」( _chariot_ ) semantic in「輪」:「輪」originally referred to the\n**spoked wheels** on a chariot. From [_Shuowen\nJiezi_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi):\n\n> 有輻曰輪，無輻曰輇。从車，侖聲。\n>\n> _If it has spokes, it is called_ 「輪」 _; if it doesn't have spokes, it is\n> called_ 「輇」 _. From semantic_ 「車」 _and phonetic_ 「侖」.\n\nThis is probably why several academic opinions consider this character\n\n`商 \n金 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fmDya.png) \n輪盤 \n集成10010`\n\nwhich appears in [Shang Dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty)\n[bronze\ninscriptions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) as an\nancient representation of the word, but was later made obsolete by「輪」. Note\nthat「侖」does not contain a picture of a wheel, so is not related to the above\ncharacter and not related to the meaning of「輪」.\n\nThe meaning _wheel_ is important, because the hypothesised Tocharian borrowing\ninto Chinese for related meanings is for PIE\n[**/*kʷékʷlos/**](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-\nEuropean/k%CA%B7%C3%A9k%CA%B7los) ( _wheel_ , _circle_ ) rather than\n**/*(s)krengʰ-/** , and **/*kʷékʷlos/** is speculated to have been the source\nof「車」( **/*kʰlja/** ). For「輪」to be related to _ring_ , one would need to\ndemonstrate that Tocharian languages showed the same kinds of shift as\nGermanic languages (as given in @EiríkrÚtlendi's answer), or I would sooner\nconsider「輪」to be related to **/*kʷékʷlos/** instead.\n\n* * *\n\nCarrying on from @EiríkrÚtlendi's link ([ _How likely are chance resemblances\nbetween languages?_](https://www.zompist.com/chance.htm)), I would add that,\neven if a phonetic shift model between PIE _anything_ and OC **/*run/** was\nproposed, there needs to be much stronger evidence that **/*run/** was related\nto some PIE root, because of _chance/coincidence_. Take a look at the\n[phonetic\nseries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_series_\\(Chinese_characters\\))\nfor **/*run/** , noting that none of these characters apart from「輪」have\nanything to do with the meaning _wheel_ :\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dB8YL.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T12:48:03.370",
"id": "72852",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T12:48:03.370",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "72802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72802
|
72803
|
72803
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72806",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The character is explaining why some shrines remove their bell at times where\nmany people gather at the shrine e.g. 正月. However I do not understand what he\nis saying.\n\n**大人数で引っ張ると、落としちゃうやつとか出てきて危ないからな**\n\n大人数で引っ張ると - I am assuming that 引っ張る is referring to the action of pulling some\nsort of rope in order to ring the bell. When he says 大人数で, does he mean this\nas in many people pulling the rope at the same time (i.e. together), or does\nit mean more like, when there are many people pulling this rope (individually)\nwhen it is their turn.\n\nMy next question is how to understand 落としちゃうやつとか出てきて危ない, specifically\n落としちゃうやつ. I am assuming that やつ is referring to the person that makes\n'something' fall, however I am not really quite sure what they could be\nreferring to. I mean, the logical assumption (assuming I am understanding\ncorrectly) of something that would be dangerous if it fell would be the bell,\nhowever I am not sure if my understanding is correct. Are they saying that\nwith so many people pulling the the rope, one of the might cause the bell to\nfall down?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T21:54:22.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72804",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T12:39:07.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35867",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this sentence about why some shrines remove their bells at busy times e.g. 正月",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your understanding of the sentence is basically correct.\n\nFor the part of 「大人数で」, it is natural to think they ring the bell in their\nturn and throw some coins into the offertory box to make a wish for the new\nyear at a shrine on 正月{しょうがつ}. I suppose it is not like [trevi\nfountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevi_Fountain#Coin%20throwing) where\nmany people throw coins at the same time around the water fountain.\n\nFor the part of 「落としちゃうやつ」, I think you parse it correctly as 落としちゃう + やつ.\n\n~しちゃう is a casual form of ~してしまう, which means something happens irrelevantly\nto the speaker's intention.\n\nSo, the bell ends up falling sometimes even if shrine visitors do not mean to\ncause it by ringing the bell.\n\nやつ here is used to refer to the person who causes the bell to fall. Probably\nthe author wants to call them an unlucky person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T23:40:01.713",
"id": "72806",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T12:39:07.643",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T12:39:07.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72804",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72804
|
72806
|
72806
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72837",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If I'm asked, \"兄弟がいますか。\" and my only siblings are a younger step brother and\nyounger step sister, should/can I respond \"はい、いもうととおとうとがいます。\"? Do I need to\nspecify but still answer in the affirmative? Or does my answer need to be\nnegative?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-28T23:16:05.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72805",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T17:40:48.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26558",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"definitions",
"semantics"
],
"title": "Should I include my step-siblings as 兄弟?",
"view_count": 610
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, I feel you can safely say yes, especially if you already consider\nthem to be part of your family. Compare 義理のきょうだい (sibling-in-law, i.e. the\nspouse of your siblings / the siblings of your spouse), which is not usually\nincluded in plain きょうだい. I don't think there is any language- or culture-\nspecific occasions where you have to mention the step- part for the children\nof your parent-in-law.\n\nYou might want to share further details depending on the context and to whom\nyou're talking to, apparently, in which case you could use phrases like\n血の繋がっていない (i.e. not biologically related), 異父兄弟/異母兄弟 (siblings who share the\nbiological mother/father, respectively), etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T03:32:05.580",
"id": "72837",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T03:32:05.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "72805",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "To avoid step/in laws relation and blood relation confusion, Japanese language\ndo have word as @Yosh mentioned. (ぎりーin laws/related by marriage)\n\nTo reveal it or not and to whom you reveal it that is totally your choice. As\nthis is not something related to language, it is your personal decision.\n\nJapanese people greatly respect each other's personal space. If you say\n「はい、いもうととおとうとがいます。」 no one is going to ask you ぎりのきょうだいですか？ or\nけつえんかんけいきょうだいですか？\n\nSo, please don't hesitate to either keep it to yourself or say it out loud.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T06:46:19.490",
"id": "72839",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T17:40:48.743",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-31T17:40:48.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "13677",
"owner_user_id": "35749",
"parent_id": "72805",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72805
|
72837
|
72839
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72843",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The original version of the Kojiki [looks like it has no punctuation\nwhatsoever](http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ri05/ri05_04868/).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U9oup.jpg)\n\nI found a more recent [text version of Kojiki\nonline](http://www.ceres.dti.ne.jp/~alex-x/wakan/kojikix1.html) though, which\nhas all kinds of punctuation and formatting.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AQx5K.png)\n\nIt has brackets, quotes, periods, commas, paragraphs, nested list and table\nindentations, etc. Where did all of this come from? How can I remove the\nformatting and punctuation so that it becomes more like the original? Would it\nbe safe to simply find/replace remove all punctuation and\nwhitespace/indentation/nesting? Or what should I do?\n\n**Update**\n\nHere is my intention. I would like to create a book for myself that looks like\nthe ancient text. I want to do this so I can experience what it's like to\ndirectly try and translate an original source document. I want to print the\ntext in a nice clear font though so it's easy to at least see the characters.\nI want to then try and figure out where the boundaries are between the\nsentences and everything on my own, without any help or preconceived notions\nor past junk from academia. I want to figure out the meaning of the text for\nmyself. And to do that I would like to get the data down to its bare bones:\njust the characters in a sequence. From that I can print it how I like so it's\neasy to read, and I can figure out how I would like to add punctuation. This\nis, to be real, HOW THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT WAS FORMATTED ANYWAYS. I want the\nformat of the original document, or close to it. It's not like I'm taking\nlatin and removing the spaces, because they didn't do that when they wrote\ntheir books (at least to my knowledge). If they did, well then great I will do\nit for Latin too, but if they didn't, then I am going to leave the punctuation\nthat they originally had.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T07:03:57.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72807",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-22T18:26:06.933",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-31T06:38:53.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "31305",
"owner_user_id": "31305",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"punctuation",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "If it's okay to remove the punctuation in a modern text format of Kojiki (古事記)",
"view_count": 458
}
|
[
{
"body": "As noted in the comments, why would you want to remove punctuation and\nwhitespace? Your use case is not clear to me.\n\nTo guess a bit about your use case and reasons:\n\n### Case 1: To learn Japanese\n\nIf you're trying to learn\n[Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language), be aware of the\nimportant fact that **the[ _Kojiki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki) is\nnot** (modern) **Japanese** -- parts of it are in a kind of Classical Chinese,\nand parts are in a different, albeit related, language called [Old\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese). Learning to read the\nOld Japanese parts of the _Kojiki_ in order to learn Japanese is a bit like\nlearning to read [_Beowulf_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf) in order\nto learn English: a _lot_ of work, and at the end, you'll understand the\nancient form of the language, with little ability to understand the modern\ntongue.\n\n### Case 2: To learn Old Japanese\n\nIf you're trying to learn to read the\n[_Kojiki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki) itself as an Old Japanese\ntext, the modernized version with punctuation and whitespaces will be a lot\neasier -- you don't have to guess at sentence and section divisions, as that\nwork has already been done for you, and by people with a much greater\nunderstanding of the text. And again, like _Beowulf_ , you really don't want\nto **start** your studies by choosing a harder form of the text. Try reading\nany of this, for instance:\n\n\n\n... compared to this typeset version available on\n[Wikisource](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Beowulf_\\(Wyatt\\)/Beowulf_01):\n\n\n\nYou might notice that little things like punctuation, capitalization, and\nwhitespace make it much easier to visually parse the text and understand the\nmeter and structure of the poem, as compared to the ancient manuscript's\nWall-o'-Text™ layout.\n\n### Conclusion\n\nReturning to your question:\n\n> Is it okay to remove the punctuation and whitespace from a modern text\n> format of Kojiki?\n\nWithout more detail about _why_ you want to do this, and inferring greatly\nfrom what little you've told us, the best advice I can give you is **don't**.\nYou'd only be making things harder for yourself.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T19:13:44.013",
"id": "72832",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-22T18:26:06.933",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-22T18:26:06.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I can't read the Kojiki and don't know much about it, but I found\n[this](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98). It has all\nthe books in a digital format,\n[上卷](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%B7),\n[中卷](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B7)\nand\n[下卷](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%B7),\nand also seems to feature minimal formatting. Looking at the images you\nprovided of the physical book it seems as only the «。» and newlines were\nadded, so removing those should do it.\n\nThis does not contain any katakana however which seems to be present in the\noriginal script, probably to provide the reading for some characters, but I am\nnot sure. If you want to create a more modern typeset of the books with this\ninformation preserved I don't know where you would find it. There is also\nsometimes markings between and/or on the left of characters. This doesn't seem\nto match any of the modern punctuations so my best guess would be it represent\ntones, but I am again not sure.\n\nI also couldn't help to see that some characters where different, specifically\nthe first character on the third page «躰» which becomes «體» in both of the\nonline versions mentioned, both meaning body (体 in modern Japanese). And it's\nworth mentioning that the text is old, so characters will look different in\nmodern fonts. But also not every Chinese character that exists can be written\non a computer as it first need to be added to Unicode, just take the character\nBiang from [BiangBiang\nnoodles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biangbiang_noodles), despite being well\nknow (for it's ridicules complexity) it still can't be typed on a computer, at\nleast in a format that can be universally understood. Which may or may not be\nrelevant here.\n\nIf you really want to decipher the text yourself you should probably use the\nimages of the original as otherwise you might throw important information\naway. Anyway, I hope this was helpful in any way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T14:18:26.960",
"id": "72843",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T14:18:26.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13677",
"parent_id": "72807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I am mystified why this wasnot mentioned before, but the first challenge to\nread the Kojiki in the original is that the original is not any stage of\nJapanese at all. The book is made in [Classical\nChinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese), albeit in a\nlocalized flavour ( _[hentai\nkanbun](https://faculty.washington.edu/aldr/pdf/JK-20.pdf)_ ). This means that\nreading the text with knowledge of Old Japanese is, blankly saying, impossible\n- while reading it with knowledge of Classical Chinese would still require\nsome attunement to the local peculiarities of usage and phrasing, but is\nnevertheless feasible. As befit of Classical Chinese, the only punctuation\nthat is consistent is the full stop; any other is finally an effort of modern\ncommentators.\n\nThe only kind of punctuation that is vital for understanding and is actually\nused non-stop is the fact that the text is covered by multiple reading guides,\nwhich are normally typeset in smaller font (as\n[here](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98) - note this\nis Chinese WikiSource). Almost non-stop the text will give in those some word,\nseemingly Chinese, and then explain it is a native Japanese word, read such-\nand-such. The readings themselves are given with\n[man'yōgana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana), which is a\nlocal method of spelling words phonetically, and so you should familiarize\nyourself with man'yōgana as well, at least to recognize it when it starts (古事記\nuses so-called \"System D\" [Miyake 1999, p. 17], a handy reference is\n[Bentley's\ndictionary](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0824856104), and an\naccessible explanation is given by Miyake's dissertation, _The Phonology of\nEighth Century Japanese revisited: Another Reconstruction Based Upon Written\nRecords_ (1999)).\n\nAnd it also has multiple songs, written in man'yōgana, and these are\ndefinitely written in Old Japanese. So, to understand them, Old Japanese\nunderstanding is required. If you manage to get ahold of _Bjarke Frellesvig -\nA history of the Japanese language - Cambridge University Press_ (2010) and\nuse [the corpus](https://oncoj.ninjal.ac.jp/) as the dictionary, it won't be\nthat hard... compared to the unique challenge of mastering Classical Chinese\nfor the rest, I mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T08:48:16.127",
"id": "72851",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T08:48:16.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "72807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72807
|
72843
|
72851
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72811",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was having a discussion with a Japanese friend and she said that the word\n日本茶 ''means'' green tea.\n\nI have put the word ''means'' in brackets for emphasis.\n\nI replied that surely 日本茶 means Japanese tea and 緑茶 means green tea. I don't\nknow a lot about Japanese teas but a quick Google shows that most teas in\nJapan are green but there are some non-green teas.\n\nSo my understanding is this: 日本茶 means Japanese tea but because most teas in\nJapan are green it implies green tea.\n\nI tried to explain this to her but she was having none of it. 日本茶 absolutely\n''means'' green tea.\n\nI didn't want to push the conversation any further so I let it go.\n\nMy understanding is this, please tell me if I am wrong.\n\n日本茶 literally means Japanese tea.\n\n緑茶 means green tea.\n\nMost tea in Japan is green so saying 日本茶 to a Japanese person implies green\ntea.\n\nBut 日本茶 does not ''mean'' green tea.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T11:11:31.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72810",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T17:17:23.300",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-29T11:53:23.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Does 日本茶 ''mean'' green tea?",
"view_count": 427
}
|
[
{
"body": "日本茶 literally means Japanese tea, or tea produced in Japan. 緑茶 means green\ntea.\n\nTeas produced in Japan are almost exclusively green, but Japan does produce\nnon-green teas.\n\nNote that green tea does not refer to the green color of the beverage but the\ncolor of the tea leaves.\n\nAccording to the website of Itoen, a major Japanese tea company, 緑茶 used to\nrepresent the whole of 日本茶, but nowadays 緑茶 is often used interchangeably with\n煎茶(sencha).\n\nThe Itoen website in question is the following: \"緑茶、煎茶の違いは何ですか？\" on\n<https://www.itoen.co.jp/customer/faq/detail/tea_leaves_01.php>",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T12:14:21.637",
"id": "72811",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T22:42:39.290",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-29T22:42:39.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "35664",
"owner_user_id": "35664",
"parent_id": "72810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Putting aside that there are other teas in Japan, such as barley tea, 日本茶 is\ngreen tea in that it refers to the Japanese tea leaf which traditionally,\ndomestically, is never allowed to oxidize into a different form of tea which\nis more traditional of other cultures such as oolong or black.\n\nThis being said, this then covers \"green tea\" in all its forms:\n煎茶、抹茶、ほうじ茶、玄米茶、etc.\n\nWhere 緑茶 can mean, explicitly, \"green tea,\" because of its essential\nconnection to 煎茶, 緑茶 does NOT actually cover other forms of green tea such as\n抹茶 or ほうじ茶.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T17:17:23.300",
"id": "72844",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T17:17:23.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "72810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72810
|
72811
|
72844
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The dictionary definition of わかる is usually \"to understand\" or \"to know.\" But\nin everyday life it's sometimes used by service staff in some of the same\nsituations as the more formal かしこまる, e.g. \"to obey respectfully.\" This isn't\ntoo hard to understand.\n\nBut recently I encountered a JLPT N4 listening practice question that went\nsomething like this:\n\nTwo people, a man and a woman, are in a car, arguing using informal language.\nThere seems to be some implication that the man is driving. The woman first\nasks if they can stop at a restaurant, but the man says that they can't\nbecause they need to get to the airport. She then reiterates that she's really\nhungry and asks if she can get something at a conbini, and the man says that\nshe can, but they need to stop at a gas station first. It then ends like this:\n\n> Woman: Refueling people is more important than refueling the car! (This line\n> may have ended with an imperative to go to the combini first).\n>\n> Man: (in a very irritated voice) わかっている！\n\nThe audio then ends; the question is, where will they go first?\n\nMy feeling was that it was impossible to know, but given how annoyed the man\nwas, he probably wouldn't go to the combini first. To me, he was saying\nsomething like \"I heard you the first time!\" and in the absence of further\nexplanation, I had no reason to believe that his plans had changed at all. I\nguessed that he would go to the gas station first.\n\nThis is apparently the wrong answer. According to the test, they go to the\ncombini first.\n\nAs an American speaker of English, I would never end a conversation with this\nkind of ambiguity. I would feel obligated to either say \"I understand [that\nyou're hungry], but we have to get gas first\" or \"I understand, we'll go there\nfirst.\" I think this is normal for English, although I can't be sure.\n\nDoes わかる always carry with it an implication of assent or obedience? If so, is\nthere another term that would mean \"I understand,\" but doesn't carry that\nextra implication?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T12:52:57.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72812",
"last_activity_date": "2022-12-14T20:04:40.620",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-19T18:06:15.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35871",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does わかる carry more implication of assent or agreement than the English equivalents?",
"view_count": 497
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, 分かったよ is similar to \"fine!\", so indeed it can be used to\nagree to something. 分かってるよ would mean \"I know\", so it would mean something\nlike \"I know refueling people is more important than refueling the car\" and\nimplies they will stop at the combini.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T14:02:28.860",
"id": "72842",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T14:02:28.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "72812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72812
| null |
72842
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was curious to see that the word for \"superstition\", 迷信{めいしん} contains a\ncharacter meaning lost, perplexed, or astray. Given that Japan and China both\nhave a history of religious belief, I found the character choice odd.\n\nI couldn't find the etymology on Wiktionary, does anyone know where it comes\nfrom?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T22:11:58.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72814",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T23:53:00.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of 迷信?",
"view_count": 370
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I was curious to see that the word for \"superstition\", 迷信{めいしん} contains a\n> character meaning lost, perplexed, or astray. Given that Japan and China\n> both have a history of religious belief, I found the character choice odd.\n\nSuperstition, be it as the English term _\"superstition\"_ or as the Chinese\nterm\n[[迷信]{míxìn}](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=worddict&wdrst=1&wdqb=%E8%BF%B7%E4%BF%A1)\nor the borrowed Japanese term [迷信]{meishin} generally refers to a belief that\nisn't grounded so much in any cohesive, structured religion or spirituality,\nbut instead is viewed negatively as ad hoc and often incorrect. Thus, the\nChinese term arose as literally\n[[迷]{mí}](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=worddict&wdrst=1&wdqb=%E8%BF%B7)\n(\"crazy, lost, confused\") +\n[[信]{xìn}](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=worddict&wdrst=1&wdqb=%E4%BF%A1)\n(\"belief\").\n\nNote that this is distinct from religious belief or faith, which are referred\nto variously as [[信念]{shinnen}, [信仰]{shinkō}, or [信教]{shinkyō} (among other\npossibilities)](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=religious%20belief). These\nother terms do not include the 迷 kanji.\n\n> I couldn't find the etymology on Wiktionary, does anyone know where it comes\n> from?\n\nLooking more specifically at your question of \"where does it come from\", I\nnote that the [Kokugo Dai Jiten\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%BF%B7%E4%BF%A1-141107#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\nlists an earliest Japanese citation as 1889.\n\nThere are some two-character _on'yomi_ terms in Japanese that were coined or\nreworked in Japanese and a re-borrowed into Chinese, as happened with the\nterms 社会 and 自由 (where both have modern meanings that are originally Japanese\nreworkings of older senses). However, most originate from Chinese.\n\nWhile I cannot currently find any explicit Chinese source that lists a date of\nappearance for this term, I do see in the Wiktionary entry that it has\nChinese-derived descendants in Korean and Vietnamese. The Japanese coinages or\nreworkings, where known, are listed as the parents of any Korean, Vietnamese,\nor Chinese (re-)borrowings, so it appears that 迷信 as a word arose in Chinese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T22:58:52.810",
"id": "72815",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T23:19:59.390",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-29T23:19:59.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72814",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "迷信 is early on (or first) attested in a Tang Dynasty Chinese translation of\nthe Buddhist text [_Mahayana-sutra-alamkara-\nkarika_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana-sutra-alamkara-karika)\n(大乘莊嚴經論).\n\n> # 《大乘莊嚴經論・卷四》\n>\n> 釋曰。 **信相差別有十三種。**\n> 一者已生信。謂過去現在信。二者未生信。謂未來信。三者正受信。謂內信。四者似受信。謂外信。五者他力信。謂粗信。由善友力生故。六者自力信。謂細信。由自力生故。\n> **七者有迷信。謂惡信。由顛倒故。**\n> 八者不迷信。謂好信。由無倒故。九者現前信。謂近信。由無障故。十者不現前信。謂遠信。由有障故。十一者聽法信。謂聞信。由聞生故。十二者求義信。謂思信。由思生故。十三者觀察信。謂修信。由修生故。\n>\n> ... _There are thirteen kinds of belief...The seventh is_ 迷信 _, which is a\n> kind of malignant belief. Reason is turned upside-down...._\n\nGiven that there are other types of 信 in the same text, there is no sign that\n迷信 is a description of religious belief in general at its first coinage.\n\nThe _etymology_ should be a calque from Sanskrit, but I cannot read Sanskrit.\nIf anyone would like a go at finding the original Sanskrit word, see\n[this](https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=fulltext&view=fulltext&vid=85)\nfor a multilingual comparison of the text.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T23:53:00.780",
"id": "72818",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-29T23:53:00.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "72814",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72814
| null |
72815
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72830",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently studying Kanji using a flashcard app on my computer. I do know\nthat there are two readings for each character, On and Kun. What I don't\nunderstand, is when a Kanji has more than two readings. Three or four readings\nI can remember, but once I get to more readings with say 10 readings, that\nboth confuses and concerns me. Say for the Kanji 上. I know its three On\nreadings: ジョウ ショウ, and シャン. but the Kun readings scare me. うえ、 -うえ、 うわ-、 かみ、\nあ.げる、 -あ.げる、 あ.がる、 -あ.がる、 あ.がり、 -あ.がり、 のぼ.る、 のぼ.り、 のぼ.せる、 のぼ.す、 たてまつ.る. My\nquestion is when do I use these readings, and do I need to know all of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-29T23:37:59.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72817",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T16:13:30.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35876",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "How do I remember a Kanji with more than two readings and when to use them",
"view_count": 367
}
|
[
{
"body": "The linked post from ConMan in the comments ([Do we really need to remember\nthe kunyomi and onyomi reading of each\nkanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52178/do-we-really-need-\nto-remember-the-kunyomi-and-onyomi-reading-of-each-kanji)) goes most of the\nway to answering your questions. But, to directly answer them:\n\n**When do you use these readings?** -- when the specific piece of vocabulary\nthat is being used demands it. That is to say, you can't know for sure unless\nyou know the piece of vocabulary in its context.\n\nYou might be able to _guess_ the reading if you have seen the character used\nin another word (this applies more frequently to the on-yomi, as \"kanji\ncompound\" words are numerous and typically use the on-yomi of the given\ncharacter, e.g. knowing 両親（りょうしん） might enable me to guess the reading of 親 in\n親友（しんゆう)), or perhaps if you know the reading of a certain component within\nthe character (e.g. the 師 in 教師（きょうし) shares a reading with its component 市).\nBut this approach is not foolproof, so it is not possible to abstract a\ngeneral rule which dictates when to use a given reading over another. It\nsimply comes down to the piece of vocabulary in context.\n\nYou might initially think this is absolutely crazy, but the same can be said\nof English: knowing when 'lead' is read 'lead' and not 'lead', or 'read' is\nread 'read' and not 'read' all comes down to context.\n\n**Do you need to know all of them?** -- this obviously depends on your\npersonal goals and needs, but assuming these are within the realm of\nnormality... the short answer is 'no'; the long answer is 'It depends on the\ncharacter, and the specific reading you are talking about. Some of the\nreadings for characters with many many readings will likely be used more\nrarely, and so you may well find your Japanese learning journey proceeds fine\nwithout them. But, it might be unwise to not know all of the readings for\nother characters where all readings occur in commonly used vocabulary.'\n\nThis answer perhaps obscures the main point, however, that how commonly used a\nreading is depends on how commonly used the vocabulary (whether a singular\nword or multiple words) is that uses the reading -- so you might be better to\nreframe your thinking as: 'do I need to know this piece of vocabulary, or\nnot?' -- in doing so, you'll (hopefully) naturally build up a knowledge of the\nreadings of given characters that _actually matter to you_.\n\nFor what it's worth, I have never sat down to specifically learn readings of\nindividual characters myself. I try to learn the vocabulary that will help me\nmost, in a given sentence/context, and then hope that those pieces of\nvocabulary stick, and that common readings of characters emerge. I'm not\nsaying that sitting down to try and learn a character's readings is totally\nunproductive, but I personally think (and I think this is a widely held view)\nthat it's more effective to learn actual words that character readings in\nisolation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T16:07:38.503",
"id": "72830",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T16:13:30.853",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T16:13:30.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "72817",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72817
|
72830
|
72830
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The word 大忙{おおいそが}し is classified as a noun or a na-adjective.\n\nIf I analyze it correctly, the word 大忙し consists of the prefix (接頭語) \"大\" and\nthe i-adjective stem of \"忙しい.\" In addition, there is no such i-adjective as\n\"大忙しい.\"\n\nOut of curiosity, I'd like to ask if anyone knows other compound words that\nend with an i-adjective stem and are only used as a noun or a na-adjective\n(its i-adjective form doesn't exist).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T01:11:39.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72819",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-29T07:00:50.260",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-31T01:33:17.230",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"compounds",
"morphology"
],
"title": "Compound word ending with an adjective stem (形容詞語幹) and used as a noun or a na-adjective",
"view_count": 262
}
|
[
{
"body": "Many adjective stems work like a standalone noun or an element of a compound,\nfor example:\n\n * 丸い - 丸太 - 赤丸 - 丸\n * 悪い - 悪者 - 性悪 - ワル\n * 黒い - 黒子 - 中黒 - 黒\n * 長い - 長靴 - 気長\n * 軽い - 軽業 - 手軽\n * 辛い - 辛口 - 激辛\n * 厚い - 厚着 - 肉厚\n * 安い - 安物 - 株安\n * 生臭い - 生臭坊主; 有難い - 有難迷惑; 面白い - 面白サイト\n * 短い - 手短; ヤバい - 激ヤバ\n * 古い - お古; めでたい - おめでた\n\nIf you are looking for words like these, the list would be very long. However,\n大忙し is different from these in that 忙し seems to be working like a noun _along\nwith okurigana_. And I think such words are rare.\n\n * 柔らかい - 柔らか頭 - お手柔らか \n(But 柔らか may be a distinct na-adjective)\n\n * 嬉しい - 嬉し泣き; 苦しい - 苦し紛れ \n(But the stems do not come at the end of a compound)\n\n * 愛しい - 愛し(の); 懐かしい - 懐かし(の); 麗しい - 麗し(の) \n(But these are not compounds)\n\nI could think of no word that is perfectly like 大忙し...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T05:17:09.250",
"id": "72838",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T05:17:09.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72819
| null |
72838
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72823",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "とにかくやたら気の強い女でしてね、里でもコイツに言う事を聞かせられるヤツは誰もいないぐらいの跳ねっ返りで\n\nlost the context for this but,\n\ni almost feel like 事を聞かせられる is potential rather than causative passive,\n\n\"no one can make her do what is told\"\n\notherwise コイツに with 言う事を聞かせられる as a causitive passive means that コイツ is the\none that is making ヤツ do 言う事を聞く, which doesn't really match up with the\nopening/end of the sentence well.\n\nIn any case, how do i interpret 里でも?\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T01:18:40.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72820",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T09:44:11.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T01:38:28.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "31573",
"owner_user_id": "31573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "里でもコイツに言う事を聞かせられるヤツ grammar",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, this 聞かせられる is causative-potential. But ヤツ is trying to make コイツ (=女) do\nsomething, not the other way around. In other words, this に is part of the\n`AにBをV(さ)せる` construction rather than the `AにV(ら)れる` construction. Here's the\nbreakdown:\n\n * 言う事: what someone says (hereafter translated as \"what is told\")\n * 言う事を聞く: to do what is told\n * 言う事を聞 **かせる** : to make someone do what is told\n * **コイツに** 言う事を聞かせる: to make **her** do what is told\n * コイツに言う事を聞かせ **られる** : can make her do what is told\n * コイツに言う事を聞かせられる **ヤツ** : a person who can make her do what is told\n * コイツに言う事を聞かせられるヤツ **は誰もいない** : there is no one who can make her do what is told\n\nIn general, when a に-marked word is used with a causative-potential verb, its\nrole can be ambiguous:\n\n> 彼にその小説を書かせられるとは思いません。\n>\n> 1. I don't think I can make him write the novel. (彼 is the \"causee\" of the\n> causative verb)\n> 2. I don't think he can make the novelist write the novel. (彼 is the\n> subject of the potential verb, and there is an implied causee)\n>\n\nOf course context usually tells which is correct.\n\nThis 里 refers to her hometown (typically a small town in a rural area), and\n里でも is \"even in her hometown\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T02:57:56.890",
"id": "72823",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T09:44:11.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72820
|
72823
|
72823
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72824",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came along a conversation between two characters that have a sort of rivals-\nto-lovers relationship. There's only two lines of dialogue, but I can't place\nthe meaning.\n\n> Person 1: 僕に愛される気あんの?\n>\n> Person 2: ほら, その気にさせて下さいよ\n\nWhich I took to mean\n\n> Person 1: Do you feel loved by me?\n>\n> Person 2: Look, let me care for those feelings\n\nI believe that what's supposed to be conveyed here is that person 1 is\nquestioning either his love for person 2 or her love for him. Then person 2 is\nsomewhat confirming it.\n\nBut honestly I'm so lost as to who's feelings are being referenced with\n\"気あんの\". I also don't understand who is loving who using the passive form with\n愛. In addition, my translation sounds horribly stilted, is there a better way\nto express this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T01:56:09.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72821",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T03:29:57.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"passive-voice",
"dialogue"
],
"title": "Who is the object and subject in this passive sentence?",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "「気」here means \"feel\"/\"feeling\" in the sense of \"to feel like doing something\".\n\n> 行く気がない → to not feel like going \n> やる気がある → to feel like doing (something)\n\nSo\n\n> 僕に愛される → to be loved by me \n> 僕に愛される気 → feel like being loved by me \n> 僕に愛される気あんの？ → \"Do you (even) feel like being loved by me?\" which sounds\n> more natural as \"Do you (even) want to be loved by me?\"\n\nIn a similar vein, 気にさせる can be used as the causative of 気がある to mean \"make\n(someone) feel like doing (something)\"\n\nSo\n\n> その気にさせる → to make someone feel like doing \"that\" (being loved by person 1) \n> その気にさせてくださいよ → \"Make me feel like doing that (being loved by person 1)\" or\n> more natural-soundingly \"Make me feel like being / want to be loved by you\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T03:29:57.303",
"id": "72824",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T03:29:57.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72821",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72821
|
72824
|
72824
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if anyone knew what the equivalent of \"on that note\" in\nJapanese would be.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T02:01:12.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72822",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T13:41:32.590",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T13:41:32.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "33451",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "\"On that note\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 374
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am _not_ a native speaker, but I think I have a word that will work in this\ncase.\n\nIn English, \"on that note\" essentially means \"let's end there,\" or even \"well\nthen.\" It is a phrase that you use to essentially close a topic of\nconversation, table it for later, or to create an opening to physically leave\nif needed.\n\nIn my Japanese experience, a lot of people will accomplish what I listed with\nthe simple phrase\n[それでは](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF), which\nis often shortened to [では](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF) in\ninformal circumstances. The translation listed on jisho.org is `well; then;\nwell then; in that case` and I feel that those are good translations. But it\ndoesn't really capture the context in which it is used. Simply, it provides a\nfinal thought for the conversation (one that you are just confirming got\nfinished), allowing you to potentially table that topic of conversation for\nlater. It also provides an opportunity to end the conversation and physically\nleave if necessary.\n\nSo while not a perfect fit, I would say that それでは, or it's shortened form では\nprovide a reasonable fit for what you are trying to accomplish with 'on that\nnote.'\n\nHere's two more sources on the meaning of\n[では](http://www.romajidesu.com/dictionary/meaning-of-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF.html)\nand [それでは](http://www.romajidesu.com/dictionary/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF.html).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T13:07:33.207",
"id": "72826",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T13:07:33.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "72822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72822
| null |
72826
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have difficulty to pronounce (あ段, お段) 拗音, e.g., きゃ, きょ, ひゃ, ひょ correctly.\n\nMy Japanese language teacher is a native Japanese. What she taught me is the\nsame that I can find on the Internet. For instance, きゃ mix き and や together\nand speak them together.\n\nI practice a lot, but I still can't get it right. Such instruction is very\nunhelpful.\n\nI asked a friend who knows linguistics and could speak my mother tongue\n(Cantonese). He said that my mother tongue did not have the vowels (ia) and\n(io). Therefore, it is challenging for me to pronounce it correctly.\n\nI also found some resources on the Internet, like listening to the Japanese\npeople to speak, and then somehow, I will pronounce them correctly. Such\nadvice is also unhelpful.\n\nI used to have difficulty with ぞ and じょ. I overcome it by following an\ninstruction on a book, which is to move my tongue to the correct position.\n\nIs there any similar method to practice speaking (あ段, お段) 拗音? If not, what can\nI do?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T14:02:58.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72827",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-28T17:02:30.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T16:15:33.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "35883",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "pronunciation of 拗音",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the 拗音 starting with //k-//, and for speakers familiar with English, think\nof the name of the letter **Q**. This is the same kind of 拗音, and is quite\nclose to the pronunciation of the Japanese kana combination きゅ. So for the\nother vowel values, think about using the same mouth shapes as **Q** to start,\nand just change the ending vowel.\n\nFor the 拗音 starting with //h-//, I'd suggest thinking about the sounds for\nや・ゆ・よ, in particular the shape of you mouth when you say them. Keep that\nshape, and just add the //h-// on the front.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T16:14:53.090",
"id": "72831",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T16:14:53.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72827",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72827
| null |
72831
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English \"last minute\" is a pretty common phrase, but I am having a hard\ntime finding a parallel in Japanese. I want to say things like\n\n * Any last minute questions?\n * I am doing some last minute studying\n * Person A: You didn't tell us you were going to Paris! Person B: it was kind of last minute\n * Why do you always do things so last minute?\n\nI think that `ぎりぎり` works for the last phrase, but I don't think it would work\nfor the first three. `ギリギリの質問がありますか` sounds wrong to me.\n\nFor the first phrase, you could say something like `試験を受ける前、質問がありますか` but I\nfeel like that loses the sense of urgency and \"last chance\"-ness that `last\nminute` gives.\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T15:32:35.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72828",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T19:29:30.397",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T19:29:30.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Last Minute + Studying/Questions etc",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "One term I've heard to good effect is 土壇場【どたんば】. By kanji, this literally\nmeans [土]{ど} (\"dirt, earth, earthen\") + [壇]{たん} (usually read だん on its own;\n\"platform, mound, raised area\") + [場]{ば} (\"place, location\"), and as a\ncompound, this means \"the location of an earthen mound used for beheadings\",\nwhich is rather gruesome. As an idiom, to do something 土壇場で has an extended\nmeaning of doing something \"right at the point of getting beheaded\" → that is,\nto do something \"at the [eleventh\nhour](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eleventh_hour)\", \"at the last minute\".\n\nSee also the J→E entries at\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%87%E5%A0%B4) and\n[Eijiro](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%87%E5%A0%B4).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T19:23:54.600",
"id": "72833",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-30T19:23:54.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "72828",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72828
| null |
72833
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72835",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In one section of the JLPT N3 practice test the next is written\n\n妹：「今日は友達と晩ご飯を食べてくるね。」\n\n兄：「わかった。九時過ぎるよう **なら** 、迎えに行くから、電話しろよ。」\n\nWhy is a conditional being used here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-30T22:32:35.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72834",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T00:13:21.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-30T23:17:13.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "34934",
"owner_user_id": "34934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is the なら conditional being used here?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "You ask why a conditional is being used here, but I'm not quite sure why it\ndoesn't sound right to you.\n\nなら is being used here in the same sense as \"if\" in English. ～ようなら is sort of a\nset phrase used in a similar sense to \"if it seems like\", with ～よう meaning\n\"seem like\"/\"looks like\". We also say ～ようだったら.\n\n> わかった。 → Cool. / Got it. / Alright.\n>\n> 九時過ぎるよう → It seems like it will go past 9:00\n>\n> なら → if (that seems to be the case)\n>\n> 迎えに行くから → Because I'll go pick you up\n>\n> 電話しろよ → Call me.\n\nSo, putting it all together:\n\n> \"Alright. If it seems like it(your dinner)'s gonna go past 9:00, call me.\n> I'll pick you up.\"\n\nThe conditional is used here to express that the 兄 only wants his 妹 to call\nhim so he can pick her up under the condition that her dinner seems like it's\ngoing to go later than 9:00, presumably because he's worried for her safety at\nnight, but could be for a multitude of other reasons.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T00:13:21.550",
"id": "72835",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T00:13:21.550",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72834
|
72835
|
72835
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "These are part of the lyrics of the fifth ending theme of Hunter x Hunter (the\n2011 animation).\n\n> 朝{あさ}をむさぼり 夜{よる}を吐{は}き出{だ}し\n>\n> 生{い}かんとする 我{わ}が性{さが}\n\nIt seems 「生かんとする」 means 「生きようとする」:\n\n```\n\n 生く(archaic form of 生きる) → 生か (未然形) + む(ん)とする\n \n```\n\nbut I'm not sure whether it is a relative clause here.\n\nDoes the second line mean \"my nature of trying to live\", like, as part of my\ntrue nature, I try to live? Or maybe 「生かんとする」 isn't a relative clause at all?\nSince it's a song, I'm not sure.\n\nI don't understand what \"to try to exist/live\" means exactly, either.\nEspecially since `volitional + とする` is supposed to carry the nuance of being\nunsuccessful.\n\nIt seems 生く can also mean 生かす (to keep alive), so could 「我が性」 actually be the\ndirect object of 「生かんとする」? Can I use `volitional + とする` as a relative clause\nmodifying the direct object of the verb in volitional form if I'm the agent?\nLike:\n\n> 使おうとしたパソコン \n> the computer I tried to use (and failed)\n\nRelated question about んとする: [What is the difference between ～んとする and\n～とする?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52372/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-and-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T02:55:00.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72836",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-31T03:13:55.980",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "「生かんとする」 in a relative clause",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[] |
72836
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I often run into situations where I have to thank somebody for doing two\nthings in business emails. The sentence would essentially be:\n\n> “Thank for doing A and B.”\n\nI am thinking something around the lines of :\n\n> “Aをさせていただき、Bをしていただきありがとうございました。”\n\nA more concrete example:\n\n> “Thank you for meeting with me and updating the schedule.” \n> お話しをさせていただき、日程を調整いただきありがとうございました。\n\nThe redundant use of Itadaki makes me feel uneasy and seems unnatural. Any\nthoughts on this are much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T10:09:44.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72840",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T04:59:13.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-31T12:37:18.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "35896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "How do you thank somebody for doing two things in Keigo?",
"view_count": 1099
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, let's start with your example sentences, because you aren't saying what\nyou think you are saying...\n\n> Aをさせていただき、Bをしていただきありがとうございました。\n\nLoosely translates to:\n\n> Thank you for letting _me_ do A, and thank you for doing B.\n\nAs has been pointed out in one of the comments below your post, using the\ncausative form + itadaku results in a 'letting (speaker) verb' construction.\nHere's why, the causative form of the verb (～させる) is a form for either\n'letting' or 'making' someone verb. いただく is a verb for the speaker to receive\nsomething from someone else. When you say ～させていただく, you are literally\nreceiving of someone letting the _speaker_ (verb).\n\nThis is not the case for ～していただく which is where the _speaker_ receives of the\n_other_ person verbing.\n\nThere are a few cases where the causative form _can_ be used, like the verb\n話す. However, in that case, you are still humbly receiving of their letting you\ntalk (to/with them). The only reason this can work is because 話す implies\nspeaking with the other person. In cases of using keigo, you can also use\nverbs in which someone else gives to the speaker, like くださる.\n\nYou are right to point out that it is repetitive, because it is. That's just\nhow keigo can go sometimes.\n\nYou can link the two different ideas/phrases by using the て conjugation.\nAnother alternative is to use some other conjunctive form, and then using そして\nor また for the next idea. Also, because this is keigo, it isn't a bad idea to\nmake sure that you acknowledge the time that the spent doing that thing for\nyou.\n\nAfter talking briefly with some Japanese friends そして is not as common as また.\nAlso, their examples all showed that いただく and くださる are repeated for each of\nthe tasks being performed. (Thanks @Chocolate!)\n\n> Aをしてくださり、また、Bもして くださって/くださいまして、ありがとうございました。 \n> Thank you for doing A and B.\n\nIf you were a business executive (CEO or vice president level) meeting with\nregular staff, you may hear くれる. Neglecting this edge case, I would always\nrecommend using the honorific in keigo.\n\n* * *\n\nAs has been noted by others, you may not want to combine two things into one\nsentence when thanking. Keigo is round about enough that giving each thing its\nown sentence and recognition is in itself part of the formality. That being\nsaid, if I were to combine the actions in your example sentence, I would say\nthe following (with special recognition from those that have helped me reach\nthis conclusion):\n\n> Thank you for meeting with me and updating the schedule. \n> お忙しい中お時間を [頂]{いただ}き/[頂戴]{ちょうだい}し、また、日程調整もしていただきまして、（誠に）ありがとうございました。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T19:30:38.133",
"id": "72846",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T04:59:13.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T04:59:13.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "72840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> “Thank for doing A and B.”\n\n * AもBもなさっていただき、誠にありがとうございました。\n\n「なさる」 is the sonkeigo of する。And 「いただく」 is the kenjyougo of もらう, so that\ndoubles-up on the 敬語。And then, I think it is grammatically correct, but sounds\nsort of funny / quirky to add in a \"つつしむ\", which makes it sort of sounds like\nyou are rebuking yourself for even having asked him / her for having done\nanything on your behalf. But, I'd not add that extra in a formal email. Just\nin a very casual conversation, especially if you've insisted you have poor\nJapanese skills:\n\n * AもBもなさっていただき、つつしんで誠にありがとうございました。\n\n> “Thank you for meeting with me and updating the schedule.”\n\n * お話しかけてありがとうございました。\"Thank you for meeting with me.\"\n\nThe \"お\" is called \"bikago\"美化語 which makes the verb 話しかける an honorific. And,\nonce honorifics are involved, then first and second person in a sentence\nusually can become implied. The implied first person is usually the listener.\nThe speaker is usually the implied second person. With this honorific \"with\nme\" is implied.\n\nスクシュールを添削できてありがとうございました。\"Thank you for updating / correcting the schedule.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T04:17:41.417",
"id": "72865",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-02T04:17:41.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"parent_id": "72840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
72840
| null |
72846
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72849",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 飲み友か或いはもっとより良い関係を結べるか\n\nThat sentence is difficult. This is my interpretation:\n\n> I wonder if being drinking friends is better or if it's better to have\n> another (better) kind of relationship ...\n\nAm I off the mark? If so, what's the real meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T11:22:47.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72841",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T07:03:41.903",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-31T11:28:43.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "29736",
"owner_user_id": "29736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "The meaning of 飲み友か或いはもっとより良い関係を結べるか",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「飲{の}み友{とも}か或{ある}いはもっとより良{よ}い関係{かんけい}を結{むす}べるか」\n\nIt is difficult to translate this phrase accurately without further context\nbecause grammatically speaking, a few words are left unsaid. That is why I\nchose to use the word \"phrase\" rather than \"sentence\".\n\nWhat we know for certain is that someone is trying to choose between **two\noptions**.\n\nOption A: 飲み友の関係のままでいる \"continuing to stay as drinking pals\"\n\nOption B: もっと良い関係を結ぶ \"building a better and/or more meaningful relationship\n(than above)\"\n\nAgain, for the lack of context, one could not tell if the speaker is talking\nto himself or talking to another person. That is something only you would\nknow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T02:04:27.323",
"id": "72849",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T07:03:41.903",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-01T07:03:41.903",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72841",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72841
|
72849
|
72849
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72848",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The word 太平洋｛たいへいよう} can be translated literally as \"peaceful ocean\" as\nsomebody noticed in the question [Oceans ー Thick or\nBig?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13219/14283).\n\nBut, as far as I know, the name was invented by Ferdinand Magellan:\n<https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pacific.html>.\n\nMy question is, how was this area of water named by Japanese people before\ngetting in contact with Europeans?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-31T18:47:31.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72845",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T14:26:28.083",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-01T14:26:28.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "14283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "How was the Pacific Ocean named in Japan before Magellan?",
"view_count": 1457
}
|
[
{
"body": "[This](https://okwave.jp/qa/q8821250.html) is a great answer, I think. To\nsummarize in English, in the olden days, people didn't really need to refer to\nseparate oceans in the same sense we do today, and would instead denote narrow\nregions of ocean by the areas of land they were closest to, or by adding\n[灘]{なだ} onto the end to denote a tough-to-sail area of ocean. Even 瀬戸内 didn't\nget its name until the end of the 江戸 era, before which it was named in\nsections like how I described above.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T01:26:59.803",
"id": "72848",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T07:55:54.113",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-01T07:55:54.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72845",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72845
|
72848
|
72848
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having trouble understanding the usage of に in this particular context.\nI've attached a picture of the sentence「定めに抗い、変革を望む者…」.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/l7SKK.png)\nHere's another sentence where I think に is acting in the same way with\n「今こそ、この世の歪みの深淵に立ち向かうがいい」. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rfQhz.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T13:29:58.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72853",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-21T23:07:30.870",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-24T17:31:30.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35905",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "に usage in 「定めに抗う...」",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're 100% correct that these two instances of に are being used to convey the\nsame thing. In this case, they carry the same meaning as 〜に対して, which in these\ninstances has a sense of \"against (something)\".\n\nSo:\n\n> 定めに抗い、変革を望む者… \n> Those who go against the norms/rules, and wish for change...\n\nand\n\n> 今こそ、この世の歪みの深淵に立ち向かうがいい。 \n> The time is now to confront the abyss of this world's distortedness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T13:50:43.993",
"id": "72854",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T13:50:43.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72853
| null |
72854
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72864",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The following is from [this](https://www.fukuishimbun.co.jp/articles/-/946344)\narticle.\n\n> 関電は日本の原子力事業の旗振り役となってきた経緯があり、この問題がもたらす影響は計り知れない。\n\nI am not sure what value となってきた経緯があり brings to this sentence. Is it simply a\nmore formal or poetic alternative to となり or となってきて?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T15:59:14.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72855",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T16:48:15.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32979",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "The redundance of 経緯",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is it simply a more formal or poetic alternative to となり or となってきて?\n\nBy the title, you are confused with combo of 「となってきた + 経緯」 and you feel the\nexplanation is redundant rather than it is a more formal or poetic alternative\nto となり or となってきて , right?\n\nIf I adopt this, the explanation is below.\n\n * 「となってきた」here describes the moment of events actually has been going on.\n * 「経緯」here describes \"a series of event\" rather than what they are actually working on.\n\nLet's say, buying some can of beverage from vending machine.\n\nPutting money into the machine and choose one of the beverages, you will see\nthe moment the beverage and money actually are dropping out into the slot from\nthe machine. And, you might say something like\nthat「お金を入れると自販機から、缶とたくさんお釣りが出てきた。」\n\nHowever, if the vending machine won't give anything by putting money into, you\nmight need to explain a series of events what you have done so far and where\nyou felt something wrong happened rather than saying the concrete moment you\nwere working on to fix the error. It's「お金と飲み物が自販機から出てこない経緯」.\n\nSo, 経緯 describes the reason and sequences of events rather than just\nconcatenating each moments.\n\n> 関電は日本の原子力事業の旗振り役となってきた経緯があり、この問題がもたらす影響は計り知れない。\n\n_Since Kanden has been a leading player of Nuclear Industry in Japan so far,\nthe impact that this issue would make is unmeasurable._",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T01:52:01.747",
"id": "72864",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-02T01:52:01.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72855",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "経緯 tends to be used in more formal situations but has no poetic streak.\n\nIn general, there can be a subtle--almost unnoticeable--difference in meaning\nbetween となってきた and となってきた経緯があり. But I believe there is no semantic difference\nin the case of the sentence in question, so the segment 経緯があり here is\nconsidered redundant in terms of comprehending what it means.\n\nFor native Japanese speakers, the expression（〜という）経緯があり is useful when\nexplaining a series of events (what has been going on) because it gives a more\nsophisticated and more professional impression. As such, people sometimes\nabuse it without noticing. The sentence is such an example.\n\nTherefore, there is no difference between となってきた and となってきた経緯があり, when\ntranslating the following sentence.\n\n> 関電は日本の原子力事業の旗振り役となってきた経緯があり、この問題がもたらす影響は計り知れない。\n\nMy translation is:\n\nThis issue could have profound and far-reaching implications, given Kansai\nElectric Power Co. (Kepco) has been playing a leading role in the nuclear\npower industry in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T11:38:54.380",
"id": "72884",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T11:38:54.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35664",
"parent_id": "72855",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "What you see is an _appositive clause_. For example, we can say in English:\n\n> The fact that his fingerprints were not detected at the crime site did not\n> change the conviction.\n\nThe word \"fact\" just refers to the same thing the whole clause led by \"that\"\ndoes. Is the \"fact\" redundant, that is, useless? While it is technically\nomissible, the wording using \"the fact that\" has its own place in English\nexpression. Plus, strictly speaking, it does add a piece of meaning that what\nsaid after is a \"fact\".\n\n経緯 works similarly in Japanese. If we make a translation leaving out the word,\nit'd be like:\n\n> For KEPCO has a 経緯 that it has been a standard-bearer of the nuclear\n> industry in Japan, this issue could have an immense impact [on the\n> industry].\n\nThe Japanese word 経緯 roughly means \"background\", \"historical development\", or\n\"the story so far\", and very frequently used in such a way accompanied by an\nappositive clause. Obviously, English does not seem to have a word that can\ndirectly translate it, so you may simply omit it in translation (that may be\nwhy it strikes you as redundant), or show it by other means:\n\n> Considering (the background) that KEPCO has been... \n> Since KEPCO has been known for being... \n> Given the KEPCO's established reputation being...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T16:42:07.943",
"id": "72985",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T16:48:15.420",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T16:48:15.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "72855",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72855
|
72864
|
72864
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ややきつめの目つきをしているものの根は奥手で純情な性格。\n\nIs this right\n\nMy translation is: even though here appearance looks serious she is still\nundeveloped at the core thus having an innocent personality\n\n**\n\n> ややきつめの目つき\n\n** What does it mean ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T19:57:23.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72856",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T23:40:36.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the translation of this sentence?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ややきつめの目{め}つき」\n\nやや ＝ 少{すこ}し ＝ slightly\n\nきつめ ＝ きつい (harsh, intense) + め (~ish, on the ~ side)\n\nThe form is 「 **Adjective Stem + め** 」.\n\nThe confusing thing here is that this suffix め can also be written 目 in kanji.\nThus, we actually have two 目's in this phrase with only the second one meaning\n\"eyes\".\n\n目つき = one's look or expression\n\nPutting it altogether, we have:\n\n> \"A look/expression that is slightly on the intense side\"\n\nFinally, your interpretation of the sentence is actually quite good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T20:48:57.010",
"id": "72857",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T20:48:57.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72856",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "My translation attempt is: At first glance, her appearance looks a bit stern,\nbut actually she is just shy and innocent.\n\nI believe your interpretation of the sentence has no problem at all.\n\nややきつめの目つき means she has somewhat sharp and stern eyes, basically describing\nher appearance as not very friendly-looking.\n\n根は in this sentence means \"essentially\" or \"actually,\" depicting her true\npersonality in the ensuing segment 奥手で純情な性格.\n\n奥手 more literally denotes \"unsophisticated,\" but I believe it is more close to\n\"shy\" in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T23:40:36.160",
"id": "72862",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T23:40:36.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35664",
"parent_id": "72856",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72856
| null |
72857
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72859",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to read the text from a Nintendo DS game, but have encountered a\nkanji that's (at least for me) difficult to recognise because of the very low\nresolution of the screen:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SMCtR.png)\n\nI have tried to narrow it down by parts/radicals, since the right hand side\nlooks like it should be 申, but that didn't seem to get me anywhere and the\nleft side seems even less obvious (at first I thought it might be 有 because of\nthe top left part, but that doesn't seem to be the case either).\n\nHere is the whole sentence where this appears (unknown kanji is marked with\n◯):\n\n> ひとり霊前に◯をささげたこのひとの心中を思うと…\n\nHopefully somebody can see here what I'm missing!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T21:02:47.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72858",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T21:12:11.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Kanji identification (low res)",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is 「榊{さかき}」.\n\nI shall let Wiki explain its meaning and religious use.\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleyera_japonica>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T21:12:11.620",
"id": "72859",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T21:12:11.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72858",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72858
|
72859
|
72859
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72863",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: the narrative character is attempting to find a reason explaining his\npast behavior.\n\n> あの時、 **何をどう** 考えて行動したんだろう？\n\nI understand the gist of the above sentence (as seen with my translation\nattempt below), but I don't understand why there is a 何をどう there.\n\n> That time, what I wonder is how to think of what my behavior was?\n\nl'électeur says [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15160/26406)\n\n> 「なに」 requires specific and detailed information whereas 「どう」 only requires\n> rough or vague information. \"Specifics vs. Overall Approach\", so to speak.\n\nIs the above a case of \"specific and detailed information\" being sought from\nthe \"vague information\" the character gathered by thinking, or is my\nunderstanding of the 何をどう meaning wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T22:15:19.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72860",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T02:39:27.773",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T02:39:27.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 何をどう?",
"view_count": 554
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, like in English, we can use multiple question words all at once\nin the same question when we want to ask for multiple bits of information.\n\n> 誰が何を買ったの？ → Who bought what?\n>\n> 誰がいつどこで何をなぜどのようにしたのですか？ → Who did what where, when, in what way, and why?\n\nIn your question, the writer has combined 「何」(what) and 「どう」(how / in what\nway) to ask (though in the sense of your sentence, rhetorically) for multiple\nbits of information.\n\nあの時 → (At) that/the time \n何を → what (obj.) \nどう → how / in what way \n考えて → think \n行動した → act (in the sense of \"do something\")\n\nSo I might translate\n\n> あの時、何をどう考えて行動したんだろう？\n\nas\n\n> At the time, what was I thinking about what when I acted?\n\nthough this is admittedly sort of awkward sounding; unfortunately I can't\nreally think of any nicer-sounding ways to translate this.\n\nFor reference, here are some other sentences that 「何」 and 「どう」 are used in\ncombination that don't sound as awkward in English:\n\n> ・世界を変えるエリートは何をどう学んできたのか? → What have the 'elite' that change the world come\n> to learn, and how did they learn it?\n>\n> ・うまくメモを取りたいけど、何をどう書けばいいかわからない。 → I want to take good notes, but I don't know\n> what to write, or in what way I should write it.\n>\n> ・自分が何をどうすべきか理解できていない人 → People who just don't get what they should do, and\n> how they should go about doing it\n>\n> ・何をどう購入すると軽減税率適用？ → What should you buy in what way to get the reduced tax\n> rate?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T01:06:36.600",
"id": "72863",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-02T08:25:56.710",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72860",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72860
|
72863
|
72863
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "**\n\n>\n> 単語検索で聴取できる男声サンプルは，ます形など，共通語では無声化されるところを無声化せずに読んでいます。また，男女ともに，名詞の音声サンプルは提供していません。\n\n**\n\nMy translation is :As for the the male sample that could be heard by the word\nsearch, masu form and common terms..... it will be voicelessly changed when\nreading voiclessly ??? also , we can not offer voive samples that are both\nfemale and male .\n\nAnd what does\n\n> ところを\n\nmean in this context ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-01T22:31:07.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72861",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T23:24:42.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-01T23:08:56.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "35822",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "about the translation of this sentence",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[] |
72861
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes hear 姉さん used as just another way of addressing an older woman but\nI don't understand the usage of 親戚の姉さん. 親戚(shinseki) is relative so does\nShinseki no Nesan mean the literal older sister of a relative, or something\nelse? The full fragment I want to get the meaning of is 昔から大好きな親戚の姉さん.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T12:10:00.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72866",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T16:17:51.907",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-02T23:51:26.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35911",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-の",
"relative-clauses",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "Meaning for 昔から大好きな親戚の姉さん",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 'の' should most naturally be regarded as an apposition, rather than\npossession. So it refers to a 姉さん, who is your 親戚.\n\nLooking up a dictionary, the definition of the word 姉さん usually starts with\nthese two:\n\n 1. older sister (広辞苑: >「あね」の軽い尊敬語…)\n 2. young lady (広辞苑: > 若い女性を呼ぶ称。)\n\nIn the phrase 親戚の姉さん, it falls somewhat in between. I think \"a female,\ncomparative to your older sister (existent or not) in age\" would be a fair\ninterpretation. (I initially felt that the phrase typically refers to a young\nperson, but I won't find it odd if the speaker is 55 yo and his '親戚の姉さん' is 60\nyo.)\n\nSo it refers to someone in your relatives, who is a little older than you.\nCould be your grandfather's sister's granddaughter or anything. Note that the\nspeaker's real sisters will not be included in the phrase.\n\n* * *\n\n\"A relative's older sister\", on the other hand, is a possible interpretation\nbut weird without context. As you noticed, a relative's sister _is_ your\nrelative, so it isn't logical to mention separately. Unless that relative is\nknown beforehand, as in this (possibly unnatural) random example I came up\nwith.\n\n> この前親戚から仕事を受けました．その親戚の姉さんが，今回の依頼主です． _An older sister of that relative (with\n> whom we had a contract last time) is our client this time._",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T16:17:51.907",
"id": "72902",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T16:17:51.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "72866",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72866
| null |
72902
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72869",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to say \"even today\" or \"even now\".\n\nI want to talk about Japanese culture and customs. Would it be something like:\n\n> 今日まで日本の中でたくさんしゅうかんで、文化があります。\n\nI want it so say something like \"even now or even today there are many customs\nand cultures in Japan.\" but I am having trouble saying it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T21:46:22.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72868",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T00:03:46.340",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T00:03:46.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How can I say \"even today\" or \"even now\"?",
"view_count": 695
}
|
[
{
"body": "「今でも」 is what you're looking for.\n\n> 今でも日本には習慣と文化がたくさんあります。\n\n今(now) + でも(even)\n\nThough if I were you I might say 残っています instead of あります.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T22:14:29.463",
"id": "72869",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-02T22:19:39.113",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-02T22:19:39.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72868",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72868
|
72869
|
72869
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "すみません, I am trying to adopt a Japanese name. I have a Chinese name written as\n吳虎威。 In modern standard Japanese orthography, it would be written as 呉 虎威. I\nunderstand that typically, Chinese names are pronounced with the on'yomi\nreadings. For my name, it would be ゴ コイ . However, would it be possible for me\nto modify the pronunciation of my name?\n\nI know that there is a city in Japan called Kure City (呉市), and 呉 is\npronounced くれ. I also know that たけひろ is sometimes written as 威宏, where 威 is\npronounced たけ. I also know that 虎, the word for tiger, is often pronounced とら.\nCould it be possible for me to adopt くれ as my surname? Could it also be\npossible for me to adopt とらい or こたけ as my given name? What do you think? Do\nany of those names sound strange to you? Thanks in advance! お願いします!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T22:48:01.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72870",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T02:05:54.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35919",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "Adopting a Japanese Name",
"view_count": 347
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think how to read your given name is up to you. So, mixing on'-yomi and\nkun'yomi in your name are possible.\n\nBoth 虎{とら}威{い} and 虎{こ}威{たけ} should work. Probably giving boy's name as\n虎{とら}威{い} will be popular since Rugby World Cup in Japan has been very popular\nfor couple of months this year.\n\nFor your surname「呉」, I think it is also up to you though, surname tends to\nshow the roots of your family.\n\n * The inventor of Modern Psychiatry is [呉{くれ} 秀三{しゅうぞう}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%89%E7%A7%80%E4%B8%89). His father is [呉{くれ} 黄石{おうせき}](http://www6.plala.or.jp/guti/cemetery/PERSON/K/kure_o.html). Surname was changed from 山田{やまだ} since the family had had residence in 呉{くれ}市 : Kure City for generations from his ancestors.\n * The Inventor of Instant Noodle and the founder of \" 日清{にっしん}食品{しょくひん} : Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd. \" : 「 [日: 安藤{あんどう}百福{ももふく}, 台 :呉{ウー}百福{バイフゥ}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%97%A4%E7%99%BE%E7%A6%8F) 」came from Taiwan, his original surname is「呉{ウー}」, but he married to Japanese woman and changed his surname to 安藤{あんどう}.\n * [呉{オ} 昇桓{スンファン}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%89%E6%98%87%E6%A1%93) is Korean baseball player. He played at Hanshin Taigers in Japan and Major League Baseball in US.\n * [Ngô Bảo Châu](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A6), Vietnamese Mathematician, is introduced as 吳寶珠 : ゴ・バオ・チャウ. \n * [Goh Chok Tong](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3), ex-prime mister in Singapore, is introduced as 呉{ゴー} 作棟{チョクトン}.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T01:07:47.170",
"id": "72875",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T02:05:54.563",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T02:05:54.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72870",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72870
| null |
72875
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72881",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the story I'm reading right now I found this sentence:\n\n> 近年入社してくれる若い人間たちなどは、私の姿が自分たちとずいぶん違うことにも気がつかないようだ。異形 **のもののこと**\n> を、あえて忖度しない、というよりも、気に留めよう **とも** しない、らしい\n\nI'm not sure about the meaning if `のもののこと`: should I read it as `の者のこと`, so\nsomething like \"It seems they didn't deliberately make guesses about strange-\nlooking people, or rather they don't pay attention to them\"? (This is\ntranslated as \"I don't think they consciously decide not to wonder about me,\nwhy my form is so unlike theirs; they simply can't be bothered\").\n\nAlso I'm not sure about `とも` in the last part; I don't think it matters in\nunderstanding `のもののこと`, but just in case I prefer to stress it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-02T23:39:03.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72874",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T12:29:59.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"sentence",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of のもののこと",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "One of the cool things about 「もの」 is that it can refer to a person (者), OR to\na thing (物). And depending on how you use it, it can even be used in a sense\nto refer to both at once, or even to something as both.\n\nWhen I read:\n\n> 異形のもののことを、あえて忖度しない、というよりも、気に留めようともしない、らしい。\n\nI get the sense that, by going out of their way to use もの instead of 者, the\nspeaker is almost grouping him/herself together with 物, and it gives the\nfeeling that he/she is looking down on him/herself. The speaker could have\nused 者, and it wouldn't have looked wrong.\n\nSo\n\n> \"From what I hear/gather, it's not that people go out of their way to not\n> take considerations for odd-looking/grotesque 'things', rather they don't\n> even try to pay attention (to them).\"\n\nthe 〜ようともしない can be translated into English as \"don't even try to 〜\". Shout\nout to Chocolate in his/her comment to the OP for explaining this in more\ndetail.\n\nFor example,\n\n隠そうともしない → not even try to hide (something)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T09:13:06.543",
"id": "72881",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T12:29:59.307",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T12:29:59.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72874",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72874
|
72881
|
72881
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question is essentially about the particle 「が」.\n\nI saw the example sentence 「ボブは魚が好きだ」 from the textbook.\n\nThis is how I understand it: \n\"As for Bob, Fish that is likable is. ---> Likebale fish as for Bob. ---> Bob\nlikes fish.\"\n\nBut then I wonder if the 「が」 gets replaced by 「は」 will it make any sense?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T03:41:54.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72879",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T02:02:37.263",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T05:25:17.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "35920",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Does the sentence 『ボブは魚は好きだ』 make sense？",
"view_count": 225
}
|
[
{
"body": "I will try to answer this question the way that I think beginning learners\ncould follow.\n\n> 1) 「ボブは魚{さかな} **が** 好{す}きだ。」\n>\n> 2) 「ボブは魚 **は** 好きだ。」\n\nBoth sentences are 100% correct but there is a nuance difference between them\nand therefore, they **cannot** be used interchangeably.\n\n1)「ボブは魚 **が** 好きだ」 is the most basic way of saying \"Bob likes (eating) fish.\"\nIt is straightforward in meaning and it does not have any implicit nuance of\nany sort. That he likes fish is all the information the sentence conveys.\n\n2)「ボブは魚 **は** 好きだ。」 is different in that it is nuanced and it chooses the\ncontext to appear in. The sentence implies that there are things that Bob\n**does not** like eating. That is why this 「は」 **in bold** is called the\n\"contrastive は\".\n\nIn real life, the sentence 「ボブは魚 **は** 好きだ。」 would rarely, if ever, appear all\nby itslef. Since it uses the contrastive は, it will mostly appear in contexts\nwhere contrast is being made. For instance, we say:\n\n> 「ボブは魚 **は** 好きだが、肉{にく} **は** 好きじゃない。」\n\nThe nature of the contrastive は often makes itself appear multiple times in a\nsentence as above -- \"likes fish but doesn't like meat\". It takes two to\ntango-ntrast, as we say in Nagoya.\n\nYou could of course split the sentence above into two separate sentences and\nsay:\n\n> 「ボブは魚 **は** 好きです。でも、肉 **は** 好きではありません。」\n\n(There is also a way to turn the topic-marker 「は」 in 「ボブは」 into the\ncontrastive 「は」, but that would be too much for one thread.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T02:02:37.263",
"id": "72896",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T02:02:37.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72879
| null |
72896
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72882",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just found the word `若手`, and I'm not sure about its differences with `若者`:\naccording to [these](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/1277485)\n[two](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/14019602) answers, the former means\n\"beginner\", while the latter means \"young people\", but I found [an\nexample](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%8B%A5%E6%89%8B%20%23sentences)\n(`その歌手は若手にとても人気がある`, \"That singer is very popular with young people\") which\nseems to use `若手` just as \"young people\".\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8B%A5%E6%89%8B) agrees that `若手`\ncan have both meaning. Am I right in saying that `若者` means just \"young\npeople\", while `若手` can have both meanings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T08:42:14.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72880",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T02:46:28.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Differences between 若者 and 若手",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your research is not wrong.\n\n若者 is used to refer to young people in general. \n若手 is used to refer to a young member of a group, and is often directly\nattached to nouns: 若手研究者、若手社員、若手俳優 for example.\n\nIt is likely that in context, this sentence is referring to young people of a\nspecific group. With no further context 若手 used like this is strange, and\nshould be replaced with 若者.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T09:53:55.123",
"id": "72882",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T02:46:28.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-04T02:46:28.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72880",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72880
|
72882
|
72882
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Here is the context it was used in: \"また来たのかい？\"\n\nWhat does かい mean here? Is it a suffix?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T10:31:47.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72883",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T00:42:36.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of kai/かい?",
"view_count": 359
}
|
[] |
72883
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72888",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to some databases, (see\n[戚](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%88%9A%20%23kanji) vs\n[歴](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%AD%B4%20%23kanji)), the order of strokes of\nthe upper part (厂) of the kanji 戚 is different from the same part in 歴. They\nmay have been some historical reasons, but as they look identical now, one\nshould not expect from the writer to write them any different if they are in\nfact the same. Is it acceptable to write them the same way, or is there any\nreason why we should not do it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T13:26:17.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72887",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T19:40:32.290",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T16:59:52.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35924",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Different stroke order in two similar kanji 戚 and 歴",
"view_count": 226
}
|
[
{
"body": "TL;DR\n\nBoth Kanji are expected to be written with different stroke order because\nthere is no \"厂\" in the Kanji 戚.\n\n* * *\n\nThis answer is based only on my own experience.\n\nAll Kanji similar to 戈 have the vertical stroke as the first stroke and after\nthat the horizontal one. For example, 戚 成 歳 蔵 城 減 感 to name a few.\n\nOn the other hand, all Kanji similar to 厂 have the horizontal stroke as the\nfirst stroke and after that the vertical one. For example, 歴 厚 原.\n\nWhat looks to you as a cliff radical 厂 in 戚, is in reality a vertical stroke\nattached to the halberd radical 戈. Therefore, in order to write 戈 at once\ninside the kanji 戚, it is first written the vertical stroke / and after that,\n戈 which starts with the horizontal stroke. But it is not the radical 厂.\n\nAlso note that the look-alike \"厂\" from the kanji with 戈 are always shorter\nthan the actual 厂 in the kanji with 厂. They do look similar, but not\nidentical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T14:01:36.107",
"id": "72888",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T19:40:32.290",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T19:40:32.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "72887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72887
|
72888
|
72888
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72890",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> しかし、 **万々が一** ポッターたちが関わっていたにせよ、あの連中が自分たちの近くにやってくるはずがない。 \n> However, ??? even if it did concern the Potters, there was no reason to\n> expect that that lot would turn up in their own neighbourhood.\n\nI haven't the faintest idea what 万々が一 means in this sentence. I understand\nthat 万々 means 'very much', but why would an adverb take が (besides which, I\ncan't see any way to fit 'very much' into the sentence)? There also appears to\nbe two subjects in 万々が一ポッターたちが関わっていた.\n\nI don't know if 一 is part of the same problem or whether it somehow prefixes\nポッターたち。Either way, I don't understand this part either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T17:36:31.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72889",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T21:28:32.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Meaning of 万々が一",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%87%E4%B8%87%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%80)\nit's used to strengthen `万が一`, which is a set phrase meaning \"if by any\nchance; in the unlikely event that\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T17:50:59.607",
"id": "72890",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-03T21:28:32.827",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-03T21:28:32.827",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "72889",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72889
|
72890
|
72890
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72895",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese Contemporary Bible:\n\n> まだ何もなかった時、神は天と地を **造りました** 。\n\nShinkaiyaku Bible:\n\n> はじめに神が天と地を **創造された**\n\n(The 2017 ed. of the Shinkaiyaku is not in the public domain, so the following\nis a screenshot from my purchased electronic version.)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lImOL.png)\n\nTo clarify my question:\n\nMost English translations have “God created...” “Created” is a simple past\ntense verb in English. In Japanese, 造りました ( _tsukurimashita_ ) is the polite\npast indicative conjugation of 造る. In my head, this seems like a relatively\nstraightforward translation of “[he] created.”\n\nWhen I look up 創造された, if I am not mistaken, it is composed of 創造 (which may\nbe a noun or suru verb), and [去]{さ}れた, which again, if I am not mistaken, is\nthe **passive** plain past indicative conjugation of する.\n\n**Why does the Shinkaiyaku translation use a verb conjugated in the passive\nvoice**? I admit I may simply be ignorant of a fundamental aspect of Japanese\nverb conjugations.\n\n* * *\n\n### References\n\nリビングバイブル ( _Japanese Contemporary Bible_ ). Tokyo: Word of Life Press\nMinistries, 2016.\n\n聖書 新改訳2017. 東京: 新日本聖書刊行会, 2017.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-03T18:59:53.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72891",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T01:54:30.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26185",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Comparison of two Japanese Bible translations of Genesis 1:1",
"view_count": 1970
}
|
[
{
"body": "された in your example is the past form of される, which is an honorific form of する. \nThe auxiliary れる/られる can express 受け身 (passive), 尊敬 (honorific), 可能\n(potential), and 自発 (spontaneous). For more on these usages:\n\n * [Is this sentence correct? courtesy/honorific use of the passive](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36179/9831)\n * [Need help understanding causative and passive form: 外国人に質問を聞かれたが、答えられなかった。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26171/9831)\n\n創造された here is the past tense form of 創造される, which is an honorific form of\n創造する.\n\n* * *\n\n聖書 tends to use more formal/literary language, while リビングバイブル, 日常語 (daily,\neveryday language). So 聖書 uses the kango 創造する, and リビングバイブル, the wago 造る.\n\nFor the difference of wago and kango, see:\n\n * [How to tell if a word is Sino-Japanese or Yamato](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23098/9831)\n * [What's the difference between 腹切り and 切腹?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3534/9831)\n * [What's the difference between 女性 and 女の人?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13777/9831)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T01:37:23.003",
"id": "72895",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T01:54:30.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-04T01:54:30.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "72891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
72891
|
72895
|
72895
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72901",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Lately I have been watching a lot of streams and videos of _Persona 5 The\nRoyal_ , which has only released in Japanese. One character in that game very\nfrequently exclaims \"いよっしゃあ{LLHHHH}\", \"iyosshaa\", which sounded strange enough\nto my English-speaking ears that I felt compelled to look it up, just to find\nno definition that I could read! It seems to roughly correlate with \"Yeah!\" or\n\"Alright!\", and does not strike me as terribly formal. If this is dialectal,\nthe game is set in Tokyo, and in particular the area around Shibuya. I am very\ncurious as to the precise range of meanings carried by this word or phrase,\nand what its origin may be.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T10:08:51.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72897",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T16:09:40.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35930",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Meaning and etymology of phrase or interjection いよっしゃあ?",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "When you pronounce や, ゆ, or よ, you’re basically making a smooth transition\nfrom い to another vowel. They sound very much like いあ, いう, and いお. That’s why\nいやだ is so readily reduced to やだ in colloquial speech.\n\nLikewise, the い in いよっしゃあ is just an emphatic lengthening of the initial sound\nin the exclamation\n[よっしゃ](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83-673997).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T16:09:40.413",
"id": "72901",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T16:09:40.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72897
|
72901
|
72901
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72899",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there an \"opposite\" of 座ります?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T11:59:41.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72898",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T12:49:10.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35931",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Opposite of 座ります",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the opposite of 座ります (sit down) is:\n\n> 立【た】ちます (stand up).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T12:15:07.407",
"id": "72899",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-04T12:49:10.660",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-04T12:49:10.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "72898",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72898
|
72899
|
72899
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In 新完全{しんかんぜん}マスター文法{ぶんぽう}N2 there is an exercise to choose the correct phrase\nto make the full sentence correct.\n\n> (...)際{さい}は、こちらのテーブルをお使{つか}いいただけます。 \n> a) お食事{しょくじ}の \n> b) ご飯{はん}を食{た}べる \n> c) お一人様{ひとりさま}の\n\nI understand why a) is a correct answer and why b) is incorrect. There was\neven a question about it before,\n[link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28136/why-%E3%81%8A%E9%A3%9F%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%9B%E3%81%AF-\ninstead-\nof-%E3%81%94%E9%A3%AF%E3%82%92%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B%E9%9A%9B%E3%81%AF).\n\nI don't understand why c) is incorrect.\n\nMy guess is that `お一人様の` is incorrect because it does not stand for an action\nlike `搭乗{とうじょう}` or `外出{がいしゅつ}` stands. In case I would want to use `お一人様の`\nanyway in the sentence, I guess I would have to rephrase it to be like this:\n\n> お一人様 **なら** 、こちらのテーブルをお使いいただけます。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-04T21:50:16.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72903",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T00:14:23.873",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T00:14:23.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Why is `お一人様の際は、こちらのテーブルをお使いいただけます` wrong?",
"view_count": 414
}
|
[] |
72903
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72906",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to ask if there is a connection or relationship between two\ndifferent parts.\n\nFor example, would this be an appropriate way of asking \"Is there any\nconnection between the two compilations/volumes?\"\n\n> 2つの編に何か関係はありますか？\n\nI'm not certain if I'm missing anything required when discussing the\nconnection/relationship (for example の間, etc.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T03:15:26.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72905",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T00:08:15.650",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T03:27:31.493",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35938",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to ask if a connection/relationship exists between two things",
"view_count": 376
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 2つの～(の間)に何か関係はありますか is a perfectly natural sentence. の間 is typically\noptional, but dropping it may make the sentence ambiguous depending on the\ncontext:\n\n> 2人に何か関係はありますか?\n>\n> 1. Are the two people related to each other?\n> 2. Are the two people related to (the problem / it / him / etc)?\n>\n\nAdding の間 makes the sentence refer only to the connection _between_ the two.\n\nAlso note that 編 does not work as a standalone noun except in limited stiff\ncontexts. Instead, you may want to use 作品, 本, シリーズ, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T03:22:36.973",
"id": "72906",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T00:08:15.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72905",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72905
|
72906
|
72906
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72908",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "ナイフでお肉を切ります、それからフォークで(お肉を)食べます。\n\nCut the meat with a knife, then eat the meat with a fork.\n\nI wondered whether the second (お肉を) could be omitted in order to avoid\nrepetition. Is it totally acceptable in grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T06:24:19.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72907",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T09:02:11.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T09:02:11.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "35642",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can object in a compound sentence be ommited in order to avoid repetition?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes you can omit 2nd appearance of お肉。\n\nHere is one another way to put it. お肉をナイフで切ってフォークで食べます。 In this you can\nconnect 2 sentences by verb's て form.\n\nJust like we would say in English \"Cut the meat by knife and eat by fork.\" no\nneed of 2nd occurrence of object as its already implied.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T06:46:56.187",
"id": "72908",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T08:38:30.310",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T08:38:30.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "35749",
"owner_user_id": "35749",
"parent_id": "72907",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72907
|
72908
|
72908
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I always have problems deciding if I must write a word in hiragana or in\nkanji.\n\nFor example, should I write こんばんは or 今晩は ?\n\nI know children would rather write in hiragana but what about for adults ?\n\nIs there any rule (of thumb) I can follow to decide it or is it just left to\nthe writer's mood ?\n\nThanks in advance for your time,\n\nGilles",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T07:41:39.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72909",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T10:54:32.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35941",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is there a rule for deciding if we should write こんばんは or 今晩は?",
"view_count": 367
}
|
[
{
"body": "While there are no rules set in stone, there are some generally followed\nrules, especially when it comes to business communications. One of those rules\nis that you generally don’t use the kanji form if it’s not that relevant to\nhow it is actually being used today, or using the kanji results in undue\ngravitas.\n\nFor example, 「すみません」using kanji would be「済みません」, which is originally a\nshortened way of saying “I can’t feel satisfied with my apology to you” as an\napology or “I feel bad because I can’t do enough to return what you’ve done\nfor me” as thanks. Nowadays that expression is used much more casually, and\nusing the kanji would not be entirely appropriate in most situations. Same\nthing with 「ありがとうございます」=「有難う御座います」.\n\nSo it’s safe to say that any of the commonly used phrases to say hello or\nfarewell should be used in hiragana unless you are writing a rather formal\nletter.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T09:04:34.583",
"id": "72915",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T09:04:34.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "72909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> I know children would rather write in hiragana but what about for adults?\n\nIf 100% of your text consist of kana only without any kanji, that is 100%\nweird. Kanjis are used not only to help identify what meaning for for sound,\nbut also kanjis work as visual dividers for text into small portions for\nbetter eye-brain parsing of text, because there is no spaces in Japanese text.\n\n> Is there any rule (of thumb) I can follow to decide it or is it just left to\n> the writer's mood ?\n\nThere are cases, which are managed by some rule of thumb.\n\nFor example, here is a rule of thumb for two-rooted-verbs.\n\n> 1) If the verb consists of two verbs and the first one is in -te form, the\n> second verb is written in hiragana. \n> For example, \n> 読んでみる [yon-de miru] not 読んで見る.\n>\n> 2) If the verb consists of two verbs and the first one is in -masu form, the\n> second verb is written in kanji for its root and hiragana for its\n> conjugation. \n> For example, \n> 降り出す [fu-ri-da-su] not 降りだす and not ふりだす.\n\nThe real mastering of when to use kanji and when to use kana is a consequence\nof feeling it. After a year of dealing with Japanese language on daily basis,\nsuch feeling grows itself and there is no desire for any rules anymore.\n\n> For example, should I write こんばんは or 今晩は ?\n\nTo make a quick check: \ngo to Jisho.org.\n\nFor any word or phrase there is a mark \"Usually written using kana alone\".\nUsing Jisho.org to check for [kanji or kana] is the \"rule of thumb\" for\nJapanese learners. But the final goal is to skip using Jisho.org and just feel\nit.\n\nTo make deeper checking: \ngo to tatoeba.org.\n\n1) Type \"今晩は\" (use quotes to find exact match) to see examples of using with\nkanji and what phrases are used to translate this form (in your case it is\n[tonight], [this evening]). \n2) Type \"こんばんは\" (use quotes to find exact match) to see examples of using with\nkana and what phrases are used to translate this form (in your case it is\n[Good evening!]). \n3) Type \"good evening\", \"tonight\", \"this evening\" (use quotes to find exact\nmatch) to see examples of translation: kana or kanji (in your case: check if\nthere is some usage of kana for [tonight], [this evening] and if there is some\nusage of kanji for [Good evening]).\n\nResult of this deep checking for your case is: \n1) They use kana to say [Good evening!] \n2) They use kanji to say [tonight] or [this evening].",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T10:38:57.447",
"id": "72918",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T10:54:32.553",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T10:54:32.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "34165",
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"parent_id": "72909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72909
| null |
72918
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72916",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "友だちがきれいな花をくれました。\n\nI have translated this as: Friend gave (me) beautiful flowers.\n\nI did not understand the usage of が , couldn't we have used は ? And in this\ncase is my translation correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T08:22:09.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72913",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T09:38:37.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of the が particle in this sentence?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are two possible reasons to use が instead of は here:\n\n 1. This 友だち has not been mentioned in the discourse yet. In other words, this sentence is \" **A** friend of mine game me a flower\" rather than \" **The** friend game me a flower.\"\n 2. This _ga_ is a neutral-description _ga_. \n * [Can someone explain me the use of は and が in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010)\n * [Why is this sentence ungrammatical? 「お寺が公園のとなりです。」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68923/5010\\])\n * [Why does 「電話は切れた」 sound more adversarial than 「電話が切れた」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38639/5010)\n\nSaying 友だちはきれいな花をくれました is still grammatical, but the meaning would be a little\ndifferent.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T09:38:37.580",
"id": "72916",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T09:38:37.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72913
|
72916
|
72916
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72922",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my textbook it says that to say:\n\n> There is a good restaurant in this building.\n\nthe translation is:\n\n> このたてものにいいレストランがあります。\n\nHowever, why is が used and not は? Would は be indicating a contrast (for\nexample, a good restaurant exists in this building but not something else,\nlike a shoe store)?\n\nThis leads me to a general question about intransitive verbs: it seems that\nintransitive verbs almost always have が before them so why is が used over は in\nthese cases?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T10:13:59.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72917",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T00:07:32.080",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T18:18:17.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "が vs は for intransitive verbs",
"view_count": 229
}
|
[
{
"body": "This が is used to introduce a new thing into the discourse. It's one of the\nmost basic functions of が, and I believe you have learned it before. It\nroughly corresponds to \"a\" as in \" **a** good restaurant\". See: [What's the\ndifference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n> Would は be indicating a contrast?\n\nThe sentence in question has nothing to do with a contrast. It's just a plain\nsentence that means \"There is a good restaurant\". If you used は, that would\nturn the sentence into a contrastive sentence.\n\n> このたてものにいいレストラン **は** あります。 \n> (Although there is no shoe store / I know you're looking for a bar, but)\n> There is at least a good restaurant in this building.\n\nThis makes sense only in a special context.\n\n* * *\n\n> This leads me to a general question about intransitive verbs: it seems that\n> intransitive verbs almost always have が before them so why is が used over は\n> in these cases?\n\nTransitivity of the verb has nothing to do with the choice between が/は, so you\nshould forget that observation. We can safely say 彼は走った \"He ran\", for example.\n(If you saw が used for something that has already been introduced into the\ndiscourse, it may be related to [neutral description-\nga](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/68933/5010). But it has nothing to do\nwith the original sentence in your question.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T00:07:32.080",
"id": "72922",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T00:07:32.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72917
|
72922
|
72922
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72921",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そうか \n> そういや \n> [ペッパー]{おまえ}は \n> 昔のユトを \n> なにひとつ \n> 思い出せねえん \n> だったっけ。\n\nSo the first part, そうかそういや is preamble, \"Is that so? come to think of it...\"\nペッパー is the name of the protagonist who's being addressed. But then I have\ntrouble.\n\n昔のユト: the Ute people from the old days? ユト, so far as I can see, is only used\nto refer to the Native American Ute tribe, which fits the context because this\nis a Western.\n\nSo I'm assuming they are the object of the next phrase: ないひとつ思い出せねえんだったっけ\n\nBut I can't parse this. 思い出せねえんだったっけ is obviously 思い出せる, to recall, but I\ncan't understand this conjugation. The だったっけ ending is past tense copula plus\nthe -ke particle to indicate the _speaker_ is trying to remember something?\n\nIt's also confusing because so far I haven't seen any reason to think they\n_are_ talking about the Ute tribe. The conversation thus far ran something\nlike:\n\n> \"So, Pepper, I got a message from the State Police. Some guy saw a $10,000\n> bounty up near Diamond Hill. It's Wild Job, a survivor from the Cassidy\n> Gang.\"\n>\n> \"The Cassidy gang...?\"\n>\n> 「そうだ \n> ぺッパー \n> 郡警察から連絡でな \n> ダイヤモンド・ヒルのあたりで１万ドルの首を見た奴がいる。 \n> ワイルド・ジョブって奴だよ \n> キャシディ一味の生き残りだ。」\n>\n> 「キャシディ一味...?」\n\nAnd no mention of \"Ute\"...\n\nHere's a picture, so you can see the katakana for yourselves: \n\nHaving skimmed ahead, I'm now actually pretty sure it's actually a person's\nname, though what \"Yuto\" is supposed to be in a Western setting I've no\nidea...",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T15:04:36.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72920",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T23:42:43.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "I can't quite parse this sentence about not remembering something",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "そうか is \"Is that so\" or \"I see\". そういや is colloquialism for そういえば (\"That reminds\nme\", \"Speaking of that\"). 昔のユト is a typo for 昔のコト (\"things in the past\"),\nないひとつ is another typo for 何ひとつ (\"(not) at all\", \"(not) a thing\").\n\nAs for 思い出せねえんだったっけ, it's colloquialism for 思い出せないのだったっけ. This った is something\ncalled a modal-ta.\n\n * 思い出す to recall\n * 思い出せる can recall\n * 思い出せない cannot recall\n * 思い出せねえ cannot recall ([ai-to-ee contraction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18454/5010))\n * 思い出せねえんだ it's that you cannot recall ([explanatory-の](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010))\n * 思い出せねえんだった (I recalled) it's that you cannot recall ([た for recall/discovery](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40733/5010))\n * 思い出せねえんだったっけ (I recalled) it's that you cannot recall, right? ([っけ for confirmation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1878/5010))\n\nSo the whole sentence translates to \"Oh, that reminds me, you remember nothing\nabout your past, huh?\".\n\n(BTW, it's usually best to paste the original image before someone asks...)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-05T23:37:02.210",
"id": "72921",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-05T23:42:43.293",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-05T23:42:43.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72920
|
72921
|
72921
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72924",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "彩音{あやね} was doing something and 砂子{すなこ} reminded her that she should prepare\nherself for something else, saying:\n\n> 彩音さん 準備のほうを\n\nShe just answered\n\n> は〜い\n\nBut I didn't understand that ほうを. Is it the same as ほうがいい？If not, and if there\nis a verb being omitted, what verb could be?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T00:18:16.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72923",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-18T08:20:57.683",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-18T08:20:57.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "〜ほうを as in 準備のほうを",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of ほう is used to make the sentence sound euphemistic and/or\ncourteous. According to 明鏡国語辞典第2版:\n\n> ### 方\n>\n> ④ 物事をぼかしていったり遠回しにいったりする。多く、ぼかすことで慎み深い気持ちを表す。 \n> 「金融の方に勤めています」「お仕事の方は順調ですか」\n\nSo 準備のほうを is a milder/politer equivalent of 準備を, and the omitted verb is\nsimply してください or しなさい. Maybe Sunako used ほう because she knew she was going to\ninterrupt Ayane.\n\nThis type of ほう can be potentially added to many nouns to make a sentence\neuphemistic. Here are exaggerated examples (taken from\n[here](https://eagleeye-\nidentity.com/%E3%80%8C%E3%80%9C%E3%81%AE%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AB%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%81/)):\n\n>\n> かつて大学のほうでは、経済学部のほうに在籍しておりまして、金融経済のほうを学んでおりました。学生時代にしていたスポーツのほうは、野球のほうをしておりまして、趣味のほうはと言いますと、音楽鑑賞のほうになります。家族のほうは姉と４人家族で、出身のほうは北海道のほうになります。\n>\n> * * *\n>\n>\n> 館内のほうでは、スリッパのほうの着用をお願いしております。お食事の際には前もってご案内のほうをさせていただきます。宿泊費のほうですが、割引券のほうをお持ちになっていますので、割引のほうをさせていただきます。ご説明のほうは以上になりますが、ご質問のほうはございますか。よろしければお部屋のほうにご案内のほうさせていただきます。\n\nThese illustrate how のほう can be potentially used in many places in a sentence,\nbut they are almost jokes. You definitely should not overuse のほう like this.\n\nOther (safe) examples include:\n\n * お体のほうは大丈夫ですか。\n * お会計のほうを(お願いします)。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T01:38:27.087",
"id": "72924",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T01:38:27.087",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72923
|
72924
|
72924
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72930",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 初めは and 初めに？\n\nI see that both mean \"at first,\" but it seems like the phrases are not\ninterchangeable.\n\nThank you for your explanation!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T03:06:16.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72925",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:43:27.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 初めは and 初めに？",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "As far as I know, they have different meanings:\n\n> 初めは At first.\n>\n> 初めに First / To begin with.\n\n初めは is used to show how the state was in the beginning (usually because now\nthe state is different)\n\n> 初めは彼が好きじゃなかった。 At first, I didn't like him (maybe we are friends now, maybe\n> not).\n\n初めに marks a specific point in time (the beginning) where an action (as opposed\nto a state) happens.\n\n> 彼らは５月の初めに大阪に着いた。They arrived in Osaka at the beginning of May.\n\nI also think that 初めに can be used to show the first of a series of arguments\nthat support each other, in the sense of \"to begin with\". For example, if my\ngirlfriend asks me to buy an expensive, horrible dress for her, I could\nanswer:\n\n> 初めに、お金がない。To begin with, I have no money (and in addition, the dress is\n> horrible).\n\nPlease provide more context or example sentences you tried to make with these\nwords so we can help you with a specific problem. There might be other uses of\n初めは and 初めに so if you are specific it's easier to help.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T04:43:27.707",
"id": "72930",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:43:27.707",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "72925",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72925
|
72930
|
72930
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have this sentence: \"どんなスポーツでもこの三つがなければ上手にならないと考えられている。\" But I can't figure\nit out what sense でも is giving to the sentence. In my head is something like\n\"although it's expected sports to be good, they aren't going to be good if\nthey don't have these three.\" is it right or wrong, could you show any light\non this please! How would you translate this phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T04:06:05.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72926",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:24:31.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35213",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Help with でも functions",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「どんなスポーツ **でも** この三{みっ}つがなければ上手{じょうず}にならないと考{かんが}えられている。」\n\n「でも」 in this context means \"any\" in the sense of \"regardless of\".\n\nThe basic pattern is:\n\n> 「どの or どんな + Noun + でも」\n\n「どんなスポーツでも」 = \"in any sports\"\n\n「どんな人でも」 = \"anyone\", \"everyone\"\n\n「どんな国でも」 = \"in any country\"\n\n> In my head is something like \"although it's expected sports to be good, they\n> aren't going to be good if they don't have these three.\"\n\nNot sure how you get \"it's expected sports to be good\" or even what that\nmeans.\n\nMy own TL:\n\n> \"In any sports (or \"regardless of the type of sport\"), it is believed that\n> one could not become good/competitive without possessing those three\n> (skills/things).\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T04:24:31.833",
"id": "72928",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:24:31.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72926",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72926
| null |
72928
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the main difference between 北 and 北部? I heard that's words that\ncontain 2 kanji sounds more polite, but not sure that it's the current\nsituation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T04:16:09.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72927",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:30:43.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 北 and 北部",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "北 is the cardinal direction \"north\". \n北部 is a combination of 北(north) and 部(part), and refers to the northern\nregion/section/area of a landmass.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T04:30:43.897",
"id": "72929",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T04:30:43.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72927
|
72929
|
72929
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need to send a message to my teacher for asking an appointment. But I don't\nknow how to. He is gonna check my homework tomorrow and he wants a message.\n\n**> 先生こんにちは。 作文をチェックのために７日に予約したいです。 よろしくお願いいたします。**\n\nDo you think this is okey? Or what should I add?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T06:38:37.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72931",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T12:19:31.920",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-06T09:05:55.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "35947",
"owner_user_id": "35947",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to message or mail to teacher for making a appointment?",
"view_count": 655
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's pretty good if that's your first email like this! Your teacher would\ndefinitely understand you.\n\nGenerally in a formal email, there's a set structure we go by. We first put\nthe name of the recipient, followed by a greeting, which you have done. We\nwould then generally say who the email is from. Something like:\n\n> ○○先生\n>\n> こんにちは。 \n> ○○クラスの○○です。\n\nMake sure to replace the ○○s with your teacher's name, what class you are, and\nyour name.\n\nFor the body of the email, we generally start out by first saying what the\nemail is about, followed by your request. Introducing the main topic of the\nemail is generally accomplished using「〜(について/の件)ですが、」 in some form or other.\nThis is then connected to the rest of your email body. Also, here,予約 is not\nnecessarily wrong, but it sounds a bit impersonal. It may be better to ask if\nyour 先生のご都合がいい (if they're available) on the 7th. Which happens to be\ntomorrow. So something like:\n\n> 作文のチェックに関してですが、 \n> 先生は明日、ご都合のよろしい時間帯は \n> ありますでしょうか。\n\nAbout the homework check, \nTomorrow, is there a time range you're available?\n\nThen we might finish up by apologizing for disturbing your 先生 with this email,\nand finally end with よろしくお願いいたします.\n\nIn total (assuming your teacher knows about the check you reference):\n\n> ○○先生\n>\n> こんにちは。 \n> ○○クラスの○○です。\n>\n> 作文のチェックに関してですが、 \n> 先生は明日、ご都合のよろしい時間帯は \n> ありますでしょうか。\n>\n> お忙しいところご迷惑をおかけしますが、 \n> よろしくお願いいたします。\n>\n> Your name",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T10:13:26.477",
"id": "72936",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T12:19:31.920",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-06T12:19:31.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72931
|
72936
|
72936
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let’s say we have “この建物にいいレストランがあります”。Why does “建物に“come before “レストランが”？How\ndo you know in what order the words are to be said and does it matter?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T07:03:54.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72932",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T08:05:51.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What is the sentence structure in Japanese and how do you know the correct order?",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, as a general rule, the more important a piece of information is,\nthe closer it will go to the end of the sentence.\n\nIn 「この建物にいいレストランがあります」, the feeling is that the most important bit of\ninformation is the fact that there is a good restaurant. Whereas in\n「いいレストランがこの建物にあります」, the feeling is that the most important bit of information\nis its location is in this building. However in this case, this distinction is\nvery subtle and in most cases either would sound fine.\n\nJapanese is very flexible with word order in clauses (and by extension,\nsentences); as long as your predicate (verb, copula, main adjective/nominal\nadjective) is at the end there are few limits to how you can rearrange the\nblocks of words delineated by particles. (I say it this way because you cannot\nmix up the order of things like adjectives and their modifying adverbs, or\nnouns and their modifying adjectives, nor can you break up a relative clause.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T07:55:11.550",
"id": "72935",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T08:05:51.043",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-06T08:05:51.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72932",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72932
| null |
72935
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I gave my wife a mobile phone at Christmas.\n\n私はクリスマス **に** 妻 **に** ケータイをあげました。\n\nNow there're two \"に\" in the sentence. Any method to avoid repetition? Is it\nnecessary?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T07:27:06.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72933",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T17:49:26.053",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T17:49:26.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35642",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Is it necessary to repeat に in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "Although you appear to understand this, I'm still going to say it for\nbeginners' sake: these two にs are indicating two different things.\n\nThe に in クリスマス **に** is indicating the time the action took place.\n\nThe に in 妻 **に** is indicating the receiver of the action.\n\nThere is nothing unnatural about this kind of repetition. However if you\nreally wanted to say the same thing without any repetition, you could say\nsomething like:\n\n私はクリスマスプレゼントとして、妻にケータイをあげました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T07:40:04.743",
"id": "72934",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T09:27:41.080",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-06T09:27:41.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72933
|
72934
|
72934
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the exam, my sentence was corrected from,\n\n> 毎日、A から B に通います。\n\nto,\n\n> 毎日、A から B に通っています。\n\n...and no explanation was made. I am still very confused.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T15:22:52.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72939",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T15:47:33.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-06T15:47:33.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "33530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Why is the sentence, \"毎日、AからＢに通います。\" incorrect?",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "Habitual actions require the 〜ている pattern. This is a habitual action since you\nspecify 毎日.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T15:47:14.783",
"id": "72940",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-06T15:47:14.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "72939",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72939
|
72940
|
72940
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72947",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a sentence like:\n\n> While I was in the bath, **(suddenly / in a flash of genius / …)** I thought\n> of a great plan.\n>\n> 風呂に入っている時に、 **____と** すごい計画を思いついた。\n\nIs there a good [擬情語]{gijōgo} word to fill in the blanks with? Is something\nlike **パッと** okay?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T22:29:11.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72941",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T14:05:38.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16052",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What's a good onomatopoeia for “suddenly realizing, in a flash of genius”?",
"view_count": 883
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the most common (and versatile as well) one for us native speakers\nwould be:\n\n * 「ふと」 or\n\n * 「ふっと」\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/193987/meaning/m0u/>\n\n「パッと」 is not a bad choice, either. It just sounds lighter and more\nconversational than 「ふと」.\n\nEDIT: 「はっと」 is also a common one.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T01:13:15.657",
"id": "72947",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T14:05:38.420",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T14:05:38.420",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72941",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72941
|
72947
|
72947
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72948",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried to think about all the possible meanings of の but I really couldn't\nunderstand the sentence above. I don't know if の is connected with なんで, or if\nit's the explanatory の, or something else.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T22:59:07.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72942",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T02:22:58.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T01:51:36.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "What is the function of の in 「私があんた連れ出したのなんでだと思う？」",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "As @AeonAkechiさん hinted at in his/her comment to the OP,\n\n> 私があんた(を) **連れ出したの(は)なんでだ** と思う？\n\nis the same as\n\n> 私があんた(を) **なんで連れ出したんだ** と思う？\n\nOne of the things we like to do in colloquial Japanese is leave out particles\nlike を, が and は (in their neutral forms), and even sometimes に. It can almost\nalways be assumed from context what particles are missing, but it can be\ndifficult if you're a new learner.\n\nWhen we ask a question using a question word like 何, 誰, どこ, or いつ, we often\nuse the pattern you found in the sentence you ask about, where we put the\nquestion word as near to the end of the clause as possible [in order to\nemphasize it](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/72932/what-is-the-\nsentence-structure-in-japanese-and-how-do-you-know-the-correct-order), though\nthis isn't only done with questions.\n\nThe の here (using the OP's specific sentence) is used to nominalize the clause\n「私があんた(を)連れ出した」, after which we request further information about it using\n「なんで」.\n\nSome more examples of this phenomenon, where the second example in each pair\nhas a stronger sense of wanting to know the requested information (what is\nrepresented by the question word).\n\n1a) 何時に寝た？ \n1b) 寝たの(は)何時？\n\n2a) 誰のクッキーを食べたの？ \n2b) 食べたの(は)誰のクッキー(なの)？\n\nAnd one non-question where in the second case, the word at the end is being\nemphasized.\n\n3a) 遅く歩くね。 \n3b) 歩くの(が)遅いね。\n\nSo in the case of the OP's sentence,\n\n> 私があんた(を)連れ出したの(は)なんでだと思う？\n\ntranslates to\n\n> Why do you think I brought/took/lured(depending on context) you out?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T01:37:10.127",
"id": "72948",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T02:22:58.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T02:22:58.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "35632",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72942",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72942
|
72948
|
72948
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> ある事柄について感じた事(が、発表できる程度 **に** まとまったもの)。\n\nSo, I understand the first sentence, but I'm a little confused about the\nsecond one.\n\nMy translation is: to have a feeling about a certain matter to the extent of\nbeing able to declare about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-06T23:04:46.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72943",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T17:51:45.433",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T17:51:45.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What is the meaning/usage of に in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 804
}
|
[
{
"body": "My understanding is that both parts of your sentence describe the `もの`\nmentioned at the very end of the sentence.\n\n> ある事柄について感じた事がまとまったもの\n\nA thing that collects the things felt about a certain matter.\n\n> 発表できる程度にまとまったもの\n\nA thing that collects (something) to the degree of being able to present (it).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T00:23:15.297",
"id": "72944",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T00:23:15.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26539",
"parent_id": "72943",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The simple answer: the に in 発表できる程度にまとまったもの allows the adverb of degree\n程度(extent) to modify まとまった.\n\n発表できる程度 translates to \"the extent it can be presented\".\n\nまとまる in this context translates to \"to come together; to cohere\".\n\nIn order to say that ある事柄について感じた事 has まとまった to 発表できる程度, we use に.\n\nSo:\n\n> ある事柄について感じた事(が、発表できる程度にまとまったもの)。\n\nbecomes, in English:\n\n> (The substance of) what you felt about a certain matter (that has become\n> coherent enough to be able to be presented (outwardly)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T00:51:41.947",
"id": "72946",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T00:51:41.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72943",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Isn't this an excerpt of a dictionary definition, like what [this blog\ncites](http://blog.livedoor.jp/bokuryu/archives/10319966.html)?\n\n> 「感想」…ある事柄について感じた事（が、発表出来る程度にまとまったもの）。\n\nIn this case, it means:\n\n> what one thinks/feels about a certain matter (which has taken shape enough\n> to be expressed/presented/published)\n\nAs you have correctly translated, 程度 means \"(to) the extent/degree\", or you\ncould take Vできる程度 altogether as \"enough to V\". Anyway, both ～程度 and ～程度に\nstands for the adverbial phrase \"to the degree\", but the form with に is\npreferred when describing the state how the result is, while without に the\nmanner how the action is done.\n\n> 30cm程度切る _cut (off) 30cm_ \n> 30cm程度に切る _cut into 30cm pieces_ or _trim into 30cm long_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T01:43:17.980",
"id": "72949",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T09:16:31.817",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T09:16:31.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "72943",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72943
| null |
72949
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72954",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been working in Japanese office since 2 months. And my boss ask me for\nreport(報告) of what I did that entire day in written format in\nExcel(日本だったらしょうがない). But he asked me to keep last day report as well and pile\nit up.\n\nNow, On each Monday my boss asked me to create report of what I did last week.\n\nSo, My question is which one should I call 日報 and which one 報告書???\n\nand If anyone have some links to explain what is what and its 書き方 is much\nappreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T00:44:24.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72945",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:23.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「報告書」と「日報」の違いは何？",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 報告書 is a formal \"report (document)\". A long report can consist of hundreds of pages (e.g., an aviation accident report).\n * 日報, as its kanji suggest, is \" **daily** report\". It's a brief record of what you did or what happened on a day. It can be as short as a few lines. There is no common format for this. Unless your boss explicitly specified the format, a few lines of email might qualify as your 日報, but it depends on your workplace. You can use an image search to [see typical Excel日報](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?ei=UTF-8&fr=sfp_as&aq=-1&oq=&ts=1344&p=%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:23.020",
"id": "72954",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:23.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72945",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72945
|
72954
|
72954
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72951",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 雪乃の汗で濡れ光っている白い **うなじや** 、上衣の合わせ目から覗くほっそりとした鎖骨は、清楚な容貌とは裏腹に淫靡な色香を漂わせている。\n\nwhat does うなじや mean here ?\n\n> 清楚な容貌とは **裏腹に** 淫靡な色香を漂わせている。\n\nAlso what does 裏腹に refer to in this context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T04:11:00.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72950",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T17:46:47.667",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T17:46:47.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of うなじや in the following passage?",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[
{
"body": "* うなじや is [うなじ](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%A0%85) (\"nape\") + や (\"and\"). うなじ and 鎖骨 are the subjects of the sentence. The simplified version of the sentence is うなじや鎖骨は色香を漂わせている.\n * ～とは裏腹に is an adverbial set phrase, \"despite ～\", \"in contrast to ～\", \"contrary to ～\".\n\nSo the sentence is basically saying that although her overall appearance is\nclean, her うなじ and 鎖骨 are voluptuous.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T04:40:09.550",
"id": "72951",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T04:40:09.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72950",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72950
|
72951
|
72951
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73163",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to join two passions of mine in a single tattoo I want to get to\ncommemorate something important to me.\n\nOne of these is the love for the Digimon series I had since I was very little\nand still endures, the other is the work of Brandon Sanderson, specifically\nthe \"Stormlight Archive\" series.\n\nIn the Digimon series, there is this \"Digicode\", a sort of third syllabary for\nJapanese, there is a link to it if you want to see it:\n<https://digimon.fandom.com/wiki/DigiCode>\n\nIn the Stormlight Archive, there is an order of knights, and they all swear\nthe same oath:\n\n * Life before death.\n * Strength before weakness.\n * Journey before destination.\n\nMy idea is to write the oath using the Digicode syllabary. My knowledge of\nJapanese is cursory at most, just know a few words from watching anime or\nplaying videogames. I tried to transliterate it, like \"Journey -> Yo-ni (ヨニ)\",\nbut I feel like I'm murdering the language and I don't want to have something\nhalf-baked burned into my skin forever.\n\nI got this:\n\n```\n\n Life - ra-i-fu ライフ\n before - bi-fo ビフオ\n death - de-zu デヅ\n Strength - su-to-re-n-zu ストレンズ or tsu-re-n-zu ツレンズ\n Weakness - u-i-ku-ne-zu ウイクネズ\n Journey - Yo-ni ヨニ\n Destination - de-su-ti-ne-sho-n デスティネション\n \n```\n\nWich, if correct, would become:\n\n```\n\n ライフ ビフア デヅ\n ストレンズ ビフア ウイクネズ\n ヨニ ビフア デスティネション\n \n```\n\nAs I said, I have almost no idea of Japanese. I did this with the help of a\nfriend and just a katakana table at my side, trying to match pronunciations.\nIt might be, and I expect it to be, pretty wrong, but it's what I got.\n\nAs for translation, here is the conjoined effort from my friend and I, with\nthe help of the google translator (which as far as I know is super\nunreliable).\n\n * Shi no mae no jinsei.\n * Yowa-sa no mae no tsuyo-sa.\n * Mokutekichi made no tabi.\n\nWe were not sure if \"tsuyo-sa\" is the correct word for it. Chikara is the one\nI know of, but just because I heard it in anime doesn't mean it's the right\nword. My friend thought \"chikara\" was more suited to spiritual strength or ki,\nand tsuyo-sa is a more \"generic\" term, but it is more of a gut feeling than\nanything tangible. The other words check up against a dictionary, as far as I\nknow, but any nuances the language might have are lost to me.\n\nThe grammar is surely sketchy too.\n\nSince some context might be useful to decide between different synonyms, I'm\ngonna quote a section of the book where one character explains, in-world, the\nmeaning of the oath, in case it helps:\n\n> * **Life before death** - The Radiant seeks to defend life, always. He\n> never kills unnecessarily, and never risks his own life for frivolous\n> reasons. Living is harder than dying. The Radiant's duty is to live.\n> * **Strength before weakness** - All men are weak at some time in their\n> lives. The Radiant protects those who are weak, and uses his strength for\n> others. Strength does not make one capable of rule; it makes one capable of\n> service.\n> * **Journey before destination** - There are always several ways to\n> achieve a goal. Failure is preferable to winning through unjust means.\n> Protecting ten innocents is not worth killing one. In the end, all men die.\n> How you lived will be far more important to the Almighty than what you\n> accomplished.\n>\n\nWhat I'd like is two things:\n\n * A **transliteration** of the oath into a syllabary I can use (I think Katakana is the more appropriate one?)\n * A **translation** of the Oath in Japanese, but keep it in a syllabary so I can later \"translate\" it to Digicode. This might require explaining to me what's what, so I know what am I putting on my skin.\n\nFor both, I'd like to have the romaji too, if possible, so I can search the\nDigicode table with a little more ease. With these, I would have at least a\ncouple of options and see which one looks better.\n\nAs an extra, if somehow any of you knows the official translation in Japanese,\nused in the books, that might help! But this is by no means necessary.\n\nThank you very much!\n\n* * *\n\nP.S.: I know there is a Digicode script for roman letters, but I have\ndiscarded it because it ends ups being too long and I don't particularly like\nthe looks of it.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T04:50:19.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72952",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-21T00:51:05.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T20:56:24.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "35953",
"owner_user_id": "35953",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of the \"Immortal Words\" from the \"Stormlight Archive\"",
"view_count": 855
}
|
[
{
"body": "As close as I can figure, this would transliterate into katakana as follows:\n\n> ライフ ビフォー デス\n>\n> ストレングス ビフォー ウィークネス\n>\n> ジャーニー ビフォー デスティネーション\n\nor\n\n> ra-i-fu bi-fo— de-su\n>\n> su-to-re-n-gu-su bi-fo— wi—ku-ne-su\n>\n> ja—ni— bi-fo— de-su-ti-ne—sho-n\n\nDon't forget to include the elongated sound symbol (—) in your conversion.\n\nThe grammar isn't going to be Japanese grammar, but that doesn't really seem\nto be necessary given that you are basing this off of DigiCode which was\nbasically just short transliterated English words or phrases.\n\nIf you want to incorporate Japanese grammar I'd recommend going for a\ntranslation rather than a transliteration, but that is well above my paygrade.\n\nFortunately, there is a Japanese translation\n([王たちの道](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E7%8E%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93-1-%E7%99%BD%E3%81%8D%E6%9A%97%E6%AE%BA%E8%80%85-%E6%96%B0%E2%98%86%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BBSF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA-%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B3/dp/4153350176))\nof this series available at least in some parts of the world. If you can get\nyour hands on it, then all you'd have to do is convert it to hiragana and then\nto DigiCode glyphs.\n\nI did a bit of searching and I managed to find what looks to be an actual\nquote from the translated books in a review\n[here](https://blog.goo.ne.jp/kats-takami/e/ae79b91275020923f420e5a72a7d0e82):\n\n> 「死【し】の前【まえ】に生【せい】。弱【よわ】さの前【まえ】に強【つよ】さ。行【い】き先【さき】の前【まえ】に旅【たび】」\n\nor\n\n> Shi no ma-e ni se-i. Yo-wa-sa no ma-e ni tsu-yo-sa. I-ki-sa-ki no ma-e ni\n> ta-bi",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-20T19:06:05.497",
"id": "73163",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-21T00:51:05.893",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31553",
"parent_id": "72952",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72952
|
73163
|
73163
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72956",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 首から下に目を向ければ、すらりと伸びきった四肢や、引き締まっていながらも胸や腰など **出るべきところ**\n> はきちんと出ているメリハリの利いたグラマラスボディ。\n\nWhat does 出るべきところ mean here ?\n\nAlso what does `メリハリの利いたグラマラスボディ`modify here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T05:01:41.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72955",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T17:29:43.947",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T17:29:43.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 出るべきところ here?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 出るべきところ (literally \"the parts that should protrude\") is a common Japanese euphemism for (usually female) breasts and hips. It's a paraphrase of 胸や腰など. 出る(べき)ところが出ている (literally \"where the parts that should protrude are protruding\") is almost a set phrase to describe a glamorous female person.\n * メリハリの利いたグラマラスボディ modifies nothing, because it's just a predicate of a [体言止め](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010) sentence. The simplified version of the sentence is:\n\n> 四肢やグラマラスボディ。 \n> _(I can see)_ (Her) arms/legs and glamorous body!\n\n引き締まっていながらも胸や腰など出るべきところはきちんと出ているメリハリの利いた is a long relative clause that\nmodifies グラマラスボディ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T05:13:54.157",
"id": "72956",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T05:13:54.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72955",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72955
|
72956
|
72956
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72961",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Now that I know it's not natural to say “服を汚くした” given no results found, I am\njust wondering is it more common to directly use the verb itself than to\nchange its adjective form into an adverb to modify する？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T06:07:18.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72957",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T11:00:16.667",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T07:14:26.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "35334",
"owner_user_id": "35334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "“服を汚した” vs “服を汚くした”",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a very interesting question (your before-edit question included), and\nbefore I take a look at comparing your two specific examples, I'd like to take\na look at first comparing 汚い and 汚れる(or rather, the present-state-describing\n汚れている), which are in a sense the intransitive versions your examples derive\nfrom.\n\nFirst, 汚れている. 汚れている in a literal, non-metaphorical sense is an objective\nstatement/fact that something has an arbitrary amount of literal\ndirt/filth/grime on it. What is 汚れている to one person will generally be 汚れている to\nother people. This is why I prefer to translate it as \"(something) has\ndirt/grime/filth on (it)\".\n\nOn the other hand, 汚い is a subjective statement used to convey that the\nspeaker feels that something has passed their personal comfort level of\ndirt/grime/filth. What is 汚い to one person may not be 汚い to another.\n\nThis often leads to 汚い implying a higher level of dirtiness than 汚れている,\nbecause _any_ amount of dirt causes something to be 汚れている, but only after a\ncertain amount will something be 汚い.\n\nAs an example, I often forget to clean the lenses on my glasses for extended\nperiods of time. If someone were to say to me:\n\n> メガネが汚いよ。\n\nI might retort:\n\n> 全然？はっきり見えているよ。\n\nThis is because while it may be true that my glasses have dust/oil/grime on\nthem, **I** can still see, so to **me** they aren't 汚い.\n\nHowever, if someone were to say to me and my same dirty glasses:\n\n> メガネがちょっと汚れているよ。\n\nI might look them over and say:\n\n> 確かに、汚れているね。\n\nThis is because the fact that my glasses have dust/oil/grime on them is an\nobjective fact; it cannot be refuted.\n\nGoing back to your two examples, 汚くした and 汚した, the same principal applies.\n\n服を汚した implies that objectively, you got an arbitrary amount of dirt on your 服.\nHowever, 服を汚くした implies that the amount of dirt/whatever you got on your\nclothes has surpassed a certain threshold, and now you consider them to be\nbeyond your comfort level of dirtiness.\n\nThe same thing applies to other adjective+く+する/verb pairs like 冷たくする/冷やす or\n温かくする/温める. The adjective+く+する comes across as much more subjective than the\nplain verb.\n\nWhether one is used over the other depends on whether you're overtly trying to\nbe objective or subjective:\n\n> 冷やした。 → I cooled (it) down. (It decreased in temperature a bit)\n>\n> 冷たくした。 → I cooled (it) down (to or past my threshold of what I consider\n> 'cold').",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T09:11:56.660",
"id": "72961",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T11:00:16.667",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72957",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72957
|
72961
|
72961
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72960",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From here. <https://renta.papy.co.jp/renta/sc/frm/item/153164/>\n\n> お主もワルよのぉ\n\nIs this different in meaning from just \"悪い”? Or is this something else\nentirely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T07:32:24.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72958",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T09:27:59.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"ワルよのぉ\" mean?",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ワル」 is a colloquial word meaning \"villain\", \"delinquent boy\", etc. It is\npretty much synonymous to 「悪人{あくにん}」.\n\n「よのう/よのお」 is a dramatic-sounding sentence-ender of exclamation. It is\nsynonymous to 「だねえ」 in meaning.\n\n「お主{ぬし}」 just means \"you\".\n\n> お主もワルよのぉ\n\nthus means:\n\n> \"You are as shrewd/bad as I!\"\n\nThe phrase is heard mostly in fiction and it is almost always said by a ワル to\nanother of the same kind. Hence, the 「も」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T09:07:08.217",
"id": "72960",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T09:27:59.103",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T09:27:59.103",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72958",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72958
|
72960
|
72960
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72963",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そんなバッチい手でボタンを触りたくる…\n\nI know バッチ means batch but what does it mean with 手 here?\n\nIt's from this blog btw.\n<https://ameblo.jp/sakurajyuubee/entry-11443690096.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T09:43:28.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72962",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T13:41:54.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35595",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"バッチい手\" mean?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I know バッチ means batch\n\nBut it does not.\n\n「ばっちい」 is an informal adjective meaning 「汚{きたな}い」 (\"dirty\").\n\n<https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%B0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%81%84>\n\nThus, 「バッチい手」 means \"dirty hand(s)\".\n\n> \"He keeps on touching/pressing the button with that dirty hand.\"\n\nThis person kept biting his fingernails, touching his beard, pimples, etc.,\nwhich is why his hands got unclean.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T09:53:47.180",
"id": "72963",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T13:41:54.610",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T13:41:54.610",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
72962
|
72963
|
72963
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72976",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": ">\n> 和菓子は季節とともに変化するもの。パッと見て何を模したかわかる形もあれば、どんな意味が込められているのか考えるものもあり……。([source](https://39mag.benesse.ne.jp/lifestyle/content/?id=56810))\n\nAs I understand it, the last clause is supposed to mean \"there are ones (i.e.\ncertain 和菓子) that make you ponder about what kind of meaning they have been\nimbued with\". However, the phrase 考えるもの suggests that it is the 和菓子 that does\nthe pondering. There are hence two possibilities:\n\n 1. This is informal, poor use of the language.\n 2. This is a pattern of the language that I have not been aware of.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T11:53:56.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72966",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-10T07:40:02.047",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-10T07:40:02.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "32979",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"syntax",
"relative-clauses",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "The exquisite depths of 和菓子's mind",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation is 100% spot on.\n\nHowever, this usage of 考える is neither colloquial nor poor use of the language.\n\nFollowing your same logic, パッと見て何を模したかわかる形 would imply that the 形 is the thing\ndoing the looking and the understanding, but we know that to not be the case.\nWe know that the thing doing the looking and understanding is a general\nperson, the ['generic you' or 'generic\nwe'](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378216600000527).\n\nI feel your confusion arises from the fact that the subject of 考える is not\nexplicitly stated, but as long as all parties are aware that a certain subject\nis in the universe of discourse, it is possible to abbreviate it. Certain\nthings like \"I\" and \"you\" are always in the universe of discourse, and because\n\"you\" refers to anyone who may be reading the article, it takes on the meaning\nof 'generic you'.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T23:03:09.723",
"id": "72971",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T23:03:09.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72966",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Your translation is correct, and どんな意味が込められているのか考えるもの(=形) is a completely\nnatural Japanese phrase at the same time. Grammatically speaking, I think this\nis something called a _gapless relative clause_ explained\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14541/5010). Other similar\nexamples include:\n\n * 英語を学ぶ楽しみ the joy of learning English (not \"the joy which is learning English\")\n * カエルが水に飛び込む音 the sound of a frog jumping into water\n * よく笑う性格 jovial character\n * 彼が考えた結果 the result of his thoughts / his conclusion\n\nAlso related: [Does 考えさせられる小説 make\nsense?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61710/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** As pointed by broccoli forest, this may not be a gap-less clause\nbecause 込める can take に (e.g., 星の形に意味を込める \"to put a meaning in the star\nshape\").",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T02:29:49.223",
"id": "72976",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T04:02:02.637",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T04:02:02.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72966",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72966
|
72976
|
72971
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73016",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example, how would I say \"my dad's old car's broken wheel\"? Where does the\nadjective go w.r.t the の particle? 父の古い車の駄目な車輪 ? Is it right for the adjective\nto appear near の? It sounds odd",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T12:06:07.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72967",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T01:32:35.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35422",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How to use adjectives to qualify nouns in between the の particle?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "It does sound odd, but is correct. Having said that, I think that you could\nprobably avoid saying all that. What might the context of the sentence be?\nRemember that Japanese expects the listener to use context to help translate.\nYou could break your sentence in two, so you talk about your dad's old car in\nthe first sentence and then talk about the broken wheel in the second.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T00:25:55.843",
"id": "73015",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T00:25:55.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "72967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> my dad's old car's broken wheel \n> 父の古い車の駄目な車輪\n\nI think it's okay, grammatically speaking at least.\n\nYou could use 壊れた for \"broken\", though, like:\n\n> 父の古い車の壊れた車輪\n\n* * *\n\n父の壊れた古い車の車輪 would normally be interpreted as \"wheels of my dad's broken old\ncar\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T01:32:35.577",
"id": "73016",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T01:32:35.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "72967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72967
|
73016
|
73016
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> あなたもできる対処法とは? 不安から日常安心できる生活 **に** 。\n\nSo what does the に here refer to? Is it になる?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-07T16:36:35.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72969",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-07T17:32:35.600",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-07T17:32:35.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the meaning or usage of the に at the end of the following sentence?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[] |
72969
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72975",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen ママ used as as sort suffix to names before.\n\nLike here: <https://more.hpplus.jp/odekake/o-news/43298/1/>\n\n> 彼ママと初対面\n\nWhat I'm asking here is: Can I add ママ after any name and that will mean I'm\nreferring to their mom?\n\nE.G. とも君ママ is Tomo-kun's mom?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T01:04:28.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72972",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T23:08:44.227",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T23:08:44.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"names",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Use of ママ as suffix to a name?",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Can I add ママ after any name and that will mean I'm referring to their mom?\n\nGenerally speaking, no. But [people often drop の between\nnouns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010) when it's an important\nand/or recurring concept to them. For example, when two people are casually\ntalking about 木村さんのママ, they may start contracting it to 木村ママ during the\nconversation. In your case, 彼ママ is not a common phrase (I think I saw it for\nthe first time today), but it's straightforwardly made from 彼(氏)のママ, and it's\nnot difficult to grasp the intended meaning with the aid of the context.\n\nBy the way, ママ is occassionally used as a suffix for a real mother or someone\nwith a mother-like character. For example\n[尾木直樹](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%B4%E6%A8%B9)'s\nnickname is 尾木ママ because of his character and feminine way of speaking. It's\nmore like \"Mother Ogi\" rather than \"Ogi's Mom\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T02:06:21.710",
"id": "72975",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T05:05:16.470",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T05:05:16.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
72972
|
72975
|
72975
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4WlniHylrU&t=143s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4WlniHylrU&t=143s)\n\nThis is a part of a legendary speech made by the former president of Nintendo\nat SpaceWorld. From my understanding, he is talking about the upcoming 64DD\nperipheral and how the technology could be used in games like Dragon Quest\nVII. Such a shame that over 2 decades later and not one sentence has been\ntranslated of this epic video. Even one minute translated would be nice. I\nwish translators would not view languages as simply a means of making their\nwallets fatter but rather be more giving and help translate timeless videos\nlike these that embody video game culture. What a disgrace that translators\ndon't even give back to the fans by helping with even one fan translation,\ninstead, they are too busy doing jobs for the highest bidders of the richest\nclients.\n\n私はお願いしたいんですけど、堀井さんも非常に興味を持っていただいて、なんとかやりたい。\n\nしかも、そんな長い期間じゃなくて、新しいタネや仕掛けを使って一年半ぐらいで。<(this last part was added by me from\near)\n\n今までのドラクエファン(dragon quest\nfan)が驚くような新しいタネや仕掛けを持ったドラゴンクエストを書き込めるソフトとして出すことに対して非常に積極的でありました。\n\nGoogle translate:\n\nI would like to ask, but Mr. Horii is also very interested and wants to do\nsomething.\n\nMoreover, it's not a long period of time, but a year and a half using new\nseeds and devices. (what are seeds?)\n\nUntil now, Dragon Quest fan was very active in creating software that can\nwrite dragon quests with amazing new seeds and devices.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T01:55:30.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72974",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-05T16:05:05.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "What does 私はお願いしたいんですけど mean in this context?",
"view_count": 351
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think Yamauchi-san said \"私はお願いしたんですけど\", that is, he asked Horii-san to make\ndragon quest for the upcoming 64DD. I think \"タネ\" is a trick to attract someone\nplaying the game. I hope this is helpful for you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-14T13:28:26.487",
"id": "73083",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-14T13:28:26.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36016",
"parent_id": "72974",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
72974
| null |
73083
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 一年生が三年生 **に対して** ──それも部のエースに向かって『雪乃さん』などと呼びかけてしまったのだ。無礼だと注意されても仕方がないだろう。\n\nWhat does に対して refers to here？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T03:26:45.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72977",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T13:20:56.903",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T13:20:56.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of に対して in this sentence ？",
"view_count": 249
}
|
[
{
"body": "に対して and に向かって are being used in similar ways here to mean \"in regards to\" and\n\"towards\" respectively, to indicate who is being 呼びかけた'd.\n\nSeparately,\n\n> 一年生が三年生に対して『雪乃さん』などと呼びかけてしまったのだ。\n\nmeans\n\n> \"A first year (accidentally) addressed a third year as Yukinoさん (among other\n> things).\"\n\nand\n\n> 一年生が…部のエースに向かって『雪乃さん』などと呼びかけてしまったのだ。\n\nmeans\n\n> \"A first year (accidentally) addressed a the club ace as Yukinoさん (among\n> other things).\"\n\nそれも is a conjunction used to mean \"additionally\" or \"plus\". \nThe \"──\" here is used to indicate the speaker has paused, which due to the それも\nfollowing it, is most likely because they've just thought of adding the \"ace\"\nbit.\n\nSo in total, I would translate:\n\n> 一年生が三年生に対して──それも部のエースに向かって『雪乃さん』などと呼びかけてしまったのだ。\n\nas:\n\n> \"A first year (accidentally) addressed a third year - the club ace at that -\n> as Yukinoさん (among other things).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T04:06:43.387",
"id": "72978",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T04:06:43.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "72977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
72977
| null |
72978
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> これが学習者にとっては妙な **のだと** 気付くには慣れが必要かもしれませんが\n\nWhat does のだとmean here ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T07:40:58.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72980",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T08:36:18.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T08:36:18.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of のだと in this context?",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[] |
72980
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, you have some types of question formats such as:\n\n * Do you want to reserve a meeting room?\n * Is it correct that you want to ask about an employee?\n * Is it correct that you are sad?\n\nWith these types of formats, you can easily create questions such as:\n\n * Do you + {desire}\n * Is it correct that you {desire}\n\nI have an application which need to automatically make those questions depends\non the user's intents, but in Japanese. I want to know if there is any similar\nformat such as those above. Assume if the user wants to reserve a meeting\nroom, I can do something like 'Do you' + 'want to reserve a meeting room' in\nJapanese.\n\nThank you for your help.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T07:49:50.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72981",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T00:03:09.803",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-12T00:03:09.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "35965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"questions"
],
"title": "Confirm if someone wants to do something",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "A good resource for software localization is Microsoft’s [Localization Style\nGuides](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/language/StyleGuides), available for\nJapanese as well.\n\nSpecifically for confirmations, it seems to recommend the form `〜しますか? `\n\nE.g.\n\n> Do you want to save changes?\n>\n> 変更を保存しますか?\n\nIn some programs I’ve also seen a pattern `〜よろしいですか？`, especially before\npotentially destructive operations like exiting without saving changes, so it\nhas a subtext of “are you really sure you want to proceed?”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T17:12:44.950",
"id": "73034",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T19:46:07.870",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "72981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72981
| null |
73034
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "There is a question in the Kanzen Master N2 Textbook:\n\n> この薬は、_____上でお飲みください\n>\n> a. 食事が終わった\n>\n> b. 医師が説明した\n>\n> c. 説明書をよく読んだ\n\nAccording to the answer sheet, the answer is c.\n\nBut I don't understand why a. and b. are wrong.\n\nFrom what I understand of 上で in this context\n\n```\n\n A上でB\n \n まずAします。それからB・準備としてまず～してから、その後で次に続く行動をする\n \n Where it is necessary to do A first before doing B, A has significance\n for what happens to B\n \n```\n\nWhen asking someone else, a sentence was given to me that is natural\n\nお話は食事をした **上で** お聞きします\n\nIf this sentence is correct, why is a. wrong, what is the difference?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T11:34:17.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72983",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T11:34:17.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Usage of 上で in this sentence",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[] |
72983
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72991",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I heard the sentence\n\n> プレゼント **買う心配** がありません\n\nfrom a Japanese, meaning \"We don't worry with buying presents [during\nChristmas]\"; I was wondering about the `買う心配` part, with a な-adjective\ndirectly following a 辞書 verb; I tried looking in my grammars and googling a\nbit, but I'm not sure I ever saw this construction and I still can't find\ninformation about how it work.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T16:31:32.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72984",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T14:51:34.527",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T23:07:10.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "プレゼント買う心配がありません without particles",
"view_count": 243
}
|
[
{
"body": "The `心配` is a noun here. It's a common pattern of modifying nouns. Try\nsearching for \"modifying noun\".\n\nBasically there is a main clause and a sub-clause ending in a plain-form verb.\nThe verb doesn't have to be in present tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T21:39:08.503",
"id": "72990",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T23:02:41.670",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-08T23:02:41.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "976",
"parent_id": "72984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 「プレセット買{か}う心配{しんぱい}がありません。」\n\nFirst of all, \"present(s)\" is 「プレゼント」.\n\nNext, 「買う心配」 is grammatical because 「心配」 is a **noun** in this context; It is\nnot a na-adjective here. Since it is a noun, the 「が」 can directly follow the\n「心配」.\n\nAs a noun, 「心配」 can mean \"worry/worries\", \"care\", \"anxiety\", \"fear\",\n\"uneasiness\", etc.\n\nSo, the sentence means:\n\n> \"I/We/You have no worries about buying presents!\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T21:45:32.173",
"id": "72991",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T21:45:32.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Japanese relative clauses never need particles.\n\nFirst off, as others have stated, プレゼント買う心配がありません means \"(I) don't have to\nworry about buying presents\" or literally \"(I) have no worries about buying\npresents\" If we swap 心配 with 必要, then we get \"I don't need to buy presents.\"\nor literally \"I don't have the need to buy presents”.\n\n「プレゼント買う」is basically modifying clause simlar to a gerund meaning “buying\npresent(s),” Usually gerunds are created by adding の at the end of the verb\nlike プレゼントを買うのが大好き Meaning “(I) love buying presence.”\n\nBut の is not needed when making the modifying clause as the first part of the\nrelative clause. Here are some other examples.\n\nプレゼントを包む心配ありません。 (We) don't have to worry about wrapping the presents. \nプレゼントを買う夢を見てた。 (I) had a dream about buying presents. \nプレゼントを買った弟がいません。 My younger brother who bought the present isn't here. \n\nThe last example takes a relative pronoun in English which is the bane of\nEnglish Learners in Japan. [Here's an article](https://toiguru.jp/relative-\nclauses#:~:targetText=%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%BF%92%E4%B8%8A,%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A1%E3%82%89%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E5%87%BA%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82&targetText=%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E8%A9%9E%E7%AF%80%E3%81%AE,%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%81%A6%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%82%88%E3%81%84%E3%80%82)\nwith many examples where Japanese try to figure out how to use them.\n\nYou also mentioned missing articles, but the を Is really implied in your\nsentence. However it is omitted verbally very often.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T14:51:34.527",
"id": "73005",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T14:51:34.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35973",
"parent_id": "72984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
72984
|
72991
|
72991
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know a colloquial way to ask: What do you reckon/think ?\n\nFor example:\n\nI just cooked a meal and I turn to my Japanese friend and say: What do you\nreckon ? (I'm seeking approval whilst smiling proudly at my masterpiece)\n\nI click on a movie on Netflix and turn to my Japanese friend and say ? What do\nyou reckon ? (I want to know whether they want to watch this movie or not)\n\nI dress up nice and smart for an event and after fixing my tie turn to my\nJapanese friend and say: What do you reckon ? (I'm seeking approval or advice\non how I look)\n\nWould ''dou desu ka ?'' be appropriate ? Also what would be the most\ncolloquial way to answer? Yeah, it's fine. Meh, it'll do. etc",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T16:54:02.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72986",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T16:21:10.740",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T16:21:10.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the most casual way to ask ''What do you reckon ?'' in Japanese?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the most casual way is a simple 「[どう?]{HLH}」 (even omitting the ですか).\n\nHow they answer kind of depends on the context, and (probably more so) how\nclose of a relationship you have. For agreement they could use something like\n「うん」, 「いい」, 「いける」, 「オッケー」, 「おいしそう」 (for the food), 「似合う」 (for the outfit),\n「面白そう」 for the movie, etc. For disagreement, things like 「あんまり」, 「全然」, 「だめ」,\n「気持ち悪い」, 「ちょっと…」, 「まあ」, and so on.\n\nAs you (probably) know, Japanese are very indirect and non-confrontational. So\nsomeone is more likely to answer 「ちょっと」 in order to not offend you instead of\n「だめ」. Unless it's someone _very_ close to you like your best friends or a\nsibling.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T18:05:00.713",
"id": "72987",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T15:18:15.477",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T15:18:15.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "72986",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72986
|
72987
|
72987
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72993",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read many times [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13635/%E3%80%9C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-verb-\nending) but I'm still confused about the differences between these two\ngrammars. The first answer says that `〜ていない` has a possible third meaning not\nused, \" _I eat my meal and I am here (/I exist)_ \" that is \" _a terrible way\nto read it_ \", and when it goes to explain `〜ないでいる`, it means \" _I am here (/I\nexist) without eating my meal._ \" which seems very similar to the terrible way\nof reading it.\n\nAlso, wouldn't `ていない` mean **\"... and I'm not here\"?** I appreciate the\nefforts of the person who answered, but I really didn't understand it,\nespecially what **\"instrumental adjunct\"** is.\n\nI'm not sure, but the difference between them seems to be how long the state\nremains.\n\nIn `食べていない` I don't eat something since a long time ago, it remains until now\nand it will remain in the future, `食べないでいる` on the other hand, would mean that\nI'm in the state of not eating now, but that won't last too long.\n\nThe sentence that made me search about this grammar is: `僕が…書けないでいるから？` It's\nan answer from person A to person B when asked why the person A is in the same\nplace as B.\n\nCould someone explain the differences between these two grammars and when\nshould I use it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T23:28:35.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72992",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T02:11:44.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T00:52:32.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "〜ていない vs 〜ないでいる",
"view_count": 876
}
|
[
{
"body": "Without complete predicate, it is hard to generalize the difference between\n〜ないでいる and 〜ていない. So, I'd like to use `食べていない` and `食べないでいる` from your\nexample.\n\nAnd, I have not understood what \"instrumental adjunct\" states clearly,but I'd\nlike to answer.\n\nThe author in the link might be explaining the sentence : `食事を食べないでいる` implies\n\"I want to be in the state of not eating ( in order to lose the weight, etc.\n)\" by stating _\"I am here (/I exist) by not eating my meal.\" (instrumental\nadjunct)_\n\nI mean _\"I am here by not eating my meal\"_ implies to complete some purposes\nof its action. So, `食事を食べないでいる` implicitly modifies some purpose such as\nlosing the weight, etc.\n\nConsider the sentence `膝{ひざ}を怪我{けが}しているので、走{はし}らないでいる。` \" _Due to the knee\ninjury, I try not to run ( the purpose : in order to get recovery in the knee,\netc. )._ \"\n\nSo, your sentence : `僕が…書けないでいるから？` is possibly saying \"I am here probably\nbecause I could not write ( Due to the slump, person A does not have an idea\nhow to finish writing. )\".\n\n`食べていない` implies basically \"not eating at this moment\". It might imply\nhabitual action, progressive action, experiences, etc. such as \" _I do not eat\nX recently_ \", \" _I am not touching the food to start eating_ \", \" _I have not\neaten since this morning._ \", etc.\n\nSo, `膝{ひざ}を怪我{けが}しているので、走{はし}っていない。` could imply _\"I do not run regularly due\nto the knee injury\"_.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T02:11:44.880",
"id": "72993",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T02:11:44.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "72992",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72992
|
72993
|
72993
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73062",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a manga, and I came across that sentence and I can't understand\nthe use of ばかり, I read some grammar guides but I can't find an explame or\nexplanation that fits this sentence. I understand something like [only people\nwho doesn't want to get involved surely says \"I don't know her\"]. It's a bit\nconfusing to what it is referring. If someone can parse it, I would be really\nglad.\n\nThe context is that a girl runaway and she left a letter, and she seems to\nhave some problems so she went over to help or something like that. And the\nmain character is reading the letter and he says that while reading it",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T04:13:01.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72994",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-13T01:47:28.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T05:02:14.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "34167",
"owner_user_id": "34167",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "てっきり「知らん」ってほっておくものとばかり… I can't understand the meaning of ばかり here",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ばかり means \"nothing but\", and the meaning is applied to the quote marked\nwith と. Something like 思っていました is omitted at the point of the ellipsis.\n(てっきり)～と(ばかり)思っていました is a common pattern that means \"I believed ～(, but I was\nwrong)\" or \"I was under the (wrong) impression that ～\". See [these\nexamples](https://j-nihongo.com/tekkiri/).\n\nYou have overlooked many grammar points of this sentence.\n\n * てっきり by itself means something like \"without doubt\", but it is a guiding adverb that is **always** followed by the speaker's wrong assumption, so (ばかり)思っていました is often omitted when てっきり is already present. Sometimes the assumption part itself can be omitted.\n\n> てっきり今日は月曜日だと! \n> I believed it was Monday today (but I was wrong)!\n>\n> 僕はてっきり! \n> I was completely mistaken!\n\n * This 知らん is \"I don't care\" rather than \"I don't know\".\n\n * ほっておく is short for 放って【ほうって】おく, meaning \"to leave alone\" or \"to let go\".\n * ものだ is used because the speaker thought 放っておく was the natural choice based on the speaker's experience/knowledge (see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29018/5010)).\n\nTherefore:\n\n> てっきり「『知らん』ってほっておくもの(だ)」とばかり(思っていました)。 \n> (literally) Without doubt, I was just thinking \"naturally, you will leave\n> her (saying) 'I don't care'\". \n> → I was under the impression that you would certainly ignore this and leave\n> her alone.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-13T01:19:47.000",
"id": "73062",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-13T01:47:28.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-13T01:47:28.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "72994",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
72994
|
73062
|
73062
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> A: あの～、すみません。 \n> B: はい。 \n> A: このへんにこうしゅうでんわはありますか。 \n> [Image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OBP9K.png)\n\nIn the third sentence, は is used instead of が, but こうしゅうでんわ is something new\nbeing added to the conversation, which is a function of が.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T06:01:35.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72995",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:45:31.137",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T08:46:59.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Why is が not being used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[] |
72995
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73009",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> A: あの～、すみません。 \n> B: はい。 \n> A: このへんにこうしゅうでんわはありますか。 \n> B: こうしゅうでんわですか？ \n> A: ええ。 \n> B: えーっと...ああ、コンビニのまえにじどうはんばいきがありますね。 \n> こうしゅうでんわはそのとなりにありますよ。 \n> [Image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4UL56.png)\n\nIn the sentence こうしゅうでんわはそのとなりにありますよ, why その allowed to not have a noun after\nit? Shouldn't それ be used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T06:08:21.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72996",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T18:52:05.277",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T08:46:47.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "その without a following noun?",
"view_count": 388
}
|
[
{
"body": "> こうしゅうでんわは **その** となりにありますよ\n\n「となり」 is a noun; therefore, it is perfectly grammatical and natural-sounding\nto say 「そのとなり」.\n\nThat means that it is not grammatical to say 「それとなり」.\n\n「そのとなり」 in this context refers to 「じどうはんばいきのとなり」 (\"right next to the vending\nmachine\"). That is where the public phone is located.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T06:18:39.027",
"id": "72997",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T06:18:39.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "72996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "You can think of 「この」,「その」and 「あの」 as contractions of 「これの」,「それの」and 「あれの」. In\nmost sentences you could happily swap one for the other. There is a slight\ndifference in emphasis, IMHO.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T18:52:05.277",
"id": "73009",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T18:52:05.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "72996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
72996
|
73009
|
72997
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "72999",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of this sentence 高橋ですが、今よろしいでしょうか, is が being used to\nindicate that the speaker has more to say. Also what is the meaning of でしょう in\nthis sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T06:28:00.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "72998",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T02:36:29.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Meaning of particle and word in provided sentence",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[
{
"body": "The が here is kind of a softener/bridge/segue to the actual relevant clause\nwhich follows the first. Oftentimes this is conflated with が meaning 'but',\nhowever it is not always appropriate to translate it thus. You will see this\nuse of が quite often in sentences such as すみませんが、トイレはありますか？ 'Excuse me, is\nthere a restroom (here)?'. [This site](https://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/japanese-particle-ga.html) describes it as an 'introduction\nparticle' and provides a few more examples.\n\nでしょう expresses uncertainty in this case, as simply asking 今はよろしいですか might\nsound overly direct. Think of this as similar to when English speakers use\n'Might now be a convenient time?' rather than 'Is now a convenient time?'. See\nthe top [SE answer\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12977/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B-and-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B-at-\nthe-end-of-a-question) for a bit more detail.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T08:42:15.687",
"id": "72999",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T02:36:29.463",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T02:36:29.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "72998",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
72998
|
72999
|
72999
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What’s the difference between “書けるか“ and “書けますか” (Can you write?). I read the\nrule for the potential form, but then in an example it said ます on the end\ninstead of る. So do both work and what’s the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T11:14:59.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73003",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T12:13:26.570",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T12:08:51.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "35768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What’s the difference between “書けるか” and “書けますか“?",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both 書ける and 書けます (and so too 書けるか and 書けますか) have the same meaning, in so far\nas both are a non-past potential form of the same verb, 書く. However, 書ける is\nthe 'plain form' of the potential verb, while 書けます is the 'polite form' (or\n'ます form') of the non-past potential verb.\n\nThe difference between them is that you are conveying a sense of politeness\ntowards the listener in using the ます-form of the verb. You might use this with\na stranger, or someone who is senior to you in some way (e.g. age, job\nposition).\n\nConversely, you would ordinarily only use 書ける with someone who you are friends\nwith, or someone who is junior to you in in some way.\n\nAs a rule of thumb, it's best to stick to ます-form over plain form if you are\nin doubt as to your relationship with the listener; but, as posts such as [How\ndo Japanese speakers transition from polite to plain form amongst\nfriends?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25109/how-do-japanese-\nspeakers-transition-from-polite-to-plain-form-amongst-friends) or [Can polite\nand casual Japanese be\ncombined?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/64467/can-polite-and-\ncasual-japanese-be-combined) show, the decision as to whether/when you use the\nます-form versus plain form of a verb can be somewhat more nuanced.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T11:56:34.360",
"id": "73004",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T12:13:26.570",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T12:13:26.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "73003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73003
|
73004
|
73004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73014",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Japanese, the more indirect a question (or a sentence in general) is, the\nmore polite it is considered. Is there a reason for this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T15:00:55.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T00:17:35.347",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-10T00:17:35.347",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Why is being indirect more polite than being direct in Japanese?",
"view_count": 412
}
|
[
{
"body": "Asking a question is a very complicated transaction. In theory the questioner\nis lowering themself - the reason they are asking the question is because they\ndon't know the answer. But the questioner is also imposing on the other: they\ncould be seen to be demanding a response. If the other doesn't know the\nanswer, then they will have to display their ignorance. If they do know the\nanswer, they will have to display their superiority over the questioner.\n\nSo we want to avoid questions that sound like a command from a superior to an\ninferior: \"Tell me where the hotel is!\" This questions has two possible\nreplies: a confident \"It's 200 m down the road on the left opposite the\nhospital.\" or an abject \"I'm sorry I have no idea.\" We avoid the risk of\ncreating the possible harm to the other by not asking that question.\n\nInstead we want to ask a question that sounds more like we're thinking aloud\nto an equal: \"I wonder if there's a hotel in this area? What do you think\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T00:17:02.490",
"id": "73014",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T00:17:02.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "73006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73006
|
73014
|
73014
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73030",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading the lyrics from All alone with you by EGOIST, helping myself\nwith translations to learn some japanese, but there's something that confuses\nme. When it says\n\n> 神さま気取りの人が言うの \n> ねえ 人は強いって \n> そんなの嘘だよ \n> Do you agree?\n\nsome places translate it with\n\n> Lord in Heaven, pretentious people say \n> Hey, it's a total lie \n> That people are strong \n> Do you agree?\n\nwhile others with\n\n> Dear God, those who are pretentious say \n> that people are strong \n> But that’s a lie \n> Do you agree?\n\nFrom the other lyrics I'd say the second one is more appropriate, but I want\nto really understand how the sentence is constructed. So I'm wondering, in\n\"人が言うの ねえ 人は強いって そんなの嘘だよ\" does the って mean it's the end of the quoted text\n(meaning pretentious people say \"people are strong\" period, and it's the\nsinger saying \"that's a lie\") or is it to say \"the fact that people are\nstrong\", and そんなの嘘だよ is still in the quoted text, meaning that people say \"the\nfact that people are strong, that's a total lie\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T16:21:10.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73007",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T09:08:16.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-11T08:02:09.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "35974",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"anime",
"quotes",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Help with a lyric from Psycho Pass Ending",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let me put a more correct-ish translation first:\n\n> 神さま気取りの人が言うの／ねえ 人は強いって \n> _You know, those who think they're gods say: \"people are strong\"_\n>\n> そんなの嘘だよ \n> _No, I don't believe it_\n>\n> Do you agree?\n\nNow for your question, I'm very sure that そんなの嘘だよ is another sentence. Putting\nthe quoted speech after the main verb (anastrophe) is frequently heard in\nconversation. In that case, the closing quotative particle is _either never\nput, put once at the quote's end, or put at the end of each chunk_. In order\nfor そんなの嘘だよ possibly to be a part of the quote, it has to take either of the\nfollowing forms:\n\n * 人は強い／そんなの嘘だよ\n * 人は強い／そんなの嘘だよ **って**\n * 人は強い **って** ／そんなの嘘だよ **って**\n\nIn the original lines, the particle is only put after 強い, then it's clear that\nthe quote ends there.\n\n* * *\n\n**BONUS**\n\nBTW both translations you found seem to fail to interpret\n[気取り](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B0%97%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A/). It\nrarely stand as an independent word today, but mostly as a suffix to mean\n\"feeling/acting as if X\", and often translates into \"X wannabe\". Also ねえ may\nseem out of place, but as it is an interjection to make sure somebody hears\nyou, it can be inserted anywhere in the sentence in theory.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T08:47:49.837",
"id": "73030",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T09:08:16.880",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73007",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73007
|
73030
|
73030
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So basically, what I want to say is something along the lines of, \"He begins\nhis story with a rhyme\" or, \"He tells a poem and begins his story\". What's the\nword for **\"tell\"** here? Is there a verb phrase for this in Japanese?\n\n(By \"rhyme\" or \"poem\", I mean something like a **\"言い習わし\"** (short Japanese\nsaying), but in the form of a poem. The closest word I could find to it was\n**\"散文\"** and that's why I am using it, but I am open to any suggestions.)\n\n**Edit:** Can I use,\n\n> 彼は散文で物語を始めます。\n\n???",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T16:59:58.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73008",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:00:03.677",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T17:10:08.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "33530",
"owner_user_id": "33530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Which verb can I use with the word \"散文\"?",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your case, simple verbs like 語る and 話す should work because the poem is just\na part of his story. Or you can avoid any verb corresponding to \"tell\" and say\nsomething like 彼の話は詩から始まりました. (詩で物語を始める is a little puzzling.)\n\nYou may not need them, but verbs commonly used with verse/poetry include:\n\n * 語る (this can refer to dramatic storytelling like that of a documentary film)\n * 朗読する (\"to recite\")\n * 暗唱する (\"to recite (from memory)\")\n * 歌う/唄う (with melody, like a bard)\n * 詠む (usually for Japanese haiku/waka)\n\nFor example, you can say 彼の話はトルコに伝わる詩の暗唱から始まった.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-12T03:00:03.677",
"id": "73040",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:00:03.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73008",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73008
|
73040
|
73040
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73013",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Whose car is it?\n\nA: Kuruma wa dare no desu ka?\n\nB: Dare no kuruma desu ka?\n\nI'm just a beginner but I'm sure these two expressions mean the same thing.\n\nviz. Whose car is it?\n\nI feel that A is more colloquial than B, would I be right?\n\nVersion A is how I would have translated the expression.\n\nHow would you have translated it?\n\nIs there a more of a nuanced different between these two versions?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T19:56:31.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73010",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T13:20:23.093",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T12:21:49.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "29665",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between these 2 expressions?",
"view_count": 371
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since some context has been omitted, we will assume that the car being\nreferenced is directly before the speaker and listener, making 'this' the\nrelevant adjective for purposes of translation.\n\nAlso omitted is the noun (kuruma) following 'no' in the first sentence and the\ntopic in the second sentence. While this is completely natural, especially in\nspoken Japanese, when formulating a 'complete sentence' and when translating,\nwhat is omitted should still be considered.\n\nA. **(Kono) kuruma wa dare no (kuruma) desu ka?** (This) Car is whose (car)? \nB. **(Kore wa / Kono kuruma wa) Dare no kuruma desu ka?** (This / This car is)\nWhose car?\n\nIf we look at both _'completed'_ sentences above we can see that they are\nsaying the exact same thing, namely: **Kono kuruma wa dare no kuruma desu\nka?** What has been omitted for the sake of brevity, naturalness, politeness,\nor personal preference is what makes them different. I wouldn't say that there\nis any real difference in nuance.\n\nB seems far more casual/colloquial to me, for it contains the necessary\nelements for comprehension while being more compact/brief.\n\nI would translate either as 'Whose car is this?'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T21:28:07.037",
"id": "73011",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T21:28:07.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "73010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think there are some nuances here. They are hard to translate into English.\n\nKuruma wa dare no desu ka? That car - whose is it? By putting 'kuruma' at the\nfront of the sentence I am emphasising it. I would use this if there were a\nnumber of vehicles in front of us and I wanted to ask specifically about the\ncar rather than the bicycle or the bus.\n\nDare no kuruma desu ka? Who does that car belong to? Perhaps we've already\nbeen talking about the car or perhaps it's the only vehicle in front of us.\nWhat I want to know about is the person who it belongs to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-09T23:57:50.770",
"id": "73013",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T13:20:23.093",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T13:20:23.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "73010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73010
|
73013
|
73013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73020",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a boxer called Hyodo is going to fight against an opponent called\nYanagi, whose nickname is Sniper. A friend of Hyodo tells him not to worry and\nthen says this:\n\n> アジア敵なしのスナイパーと呼ばれてるが元々アイツは **雑草** ーー\n\nI get from the context that it has an offensive or negative value, but what is\nits specific meaning? [Here](https://i.imgur.com/Yuh6j3U.jpg) you can see the\nwhole page. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T05:17:18.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73018",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T14:07:19.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nouns",
"sports"
],
"title": "Offensive/negative meaning of 雑草",
"view_count": 632
}
|
[
{
"body": "The original meaning of 「雑草{ざっそう}」 is, of course, \"weed\".\n\nWhen used to describe a person, however, it refers to a non-star or non-elite\ntype whose name no one knew at the beginning. The term is most often, if not\nexclusively, used to refer to athletes of mediocre ability.\n\nThose types, however, occasionally end up very successful for their \"weed-\nlike\" ineradicability.\n\nPlease note that it is **not** offensive to call oneself 雑草, but to call\nanother person 雑草 can be.\n\n> \"Even though he has been called 'the Sniper' with no matches whatsoever in\n> Asia, that guy was originally a pretty run-of-the-mill boxer.\"\n\n上原浩治{うえはらこうじ}, a notable baseball pitcher who has played both in Japan and the\nU.S. successfully, for instance, is known to write 「雑草[魂]{だましい}」 (literally,\n\"weed spirit\") alongside his name when he gives autographs.\n\n「雑草魂」 even won the\n[流行語大賞{りゅうこうごたいしょう}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%AA%9E%E3%83%BB%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E8%AA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%9E#%E5%B9%B4%E9%96%93%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%9E)\nin 1999.\n\nCheck out the video title here:\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPGYpUseArU>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T05:53:28.290",
"id": "73020",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T14:07:19.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-10T14:07:19.303",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73018
|
73020
|
73020
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Ok ,so this is frome a mange where two couple have been dating for a while but\ndid not hold hand,yet .\n\n> 奥手すぎて手も繋げていない\n\nSo what does {奥手すぎて} means ? I tried to look it up but did not found any thing\nbeside that {奥手} means late bloomer .",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T05:26:29.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73019",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T06:37:26.243",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-10T06:37:26.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "35822",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 奥手 here?",
"view_count": 516
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「奥手{おくて}すぎて手{て}も繋{つな}げていない」\n\n「奥手すぎて」\n\nmeans:\n\n\"too slow in sexual developement and ...\"\n\nThe whole phrase, therefore, means:\n\n> \"They haven't (even) been able to hold each other's hands for being too slow\n> in sexual developement.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T06:18:49.290",
"id": "73021",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T06:18:49.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73019",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73019
| null |
73021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 少なくともあなた自身は 見たら抜かずにはいられないほど嫌い、な様ではないようですし\n\nSo , what does this な in {な様} mean ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T07:27:52.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73022",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:56:08.477",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-10T10:31:17.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "35822",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of this な?",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "Simply, it is な used as part of a na-adjective. Without a comma, do the\nfollowing sentences make sense to you?\n\n> あなたは寿司が嫌いなようだ。 You seem to hate sushi.\n>\n> 試験は簡単なようですね。 Looks like the exam is easy.\n\nIf yes, the な in question is exactly the same. Of course, normally, no comma\nis placed before な, but since this 嫌い is modified by a relatively long\nadverbial clause (見たら抜かずにはいられないほど), I guess he wanted to make a pause there.\nYou should not do this in formal sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-12T03:56:08.477",
"id": "73046",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T03:56:08.477",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73022
| null |
73046
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In the expression V必要がある / V必要はない, which I came across in my textbook, I would\nexpect that both use the particle が. What is the reason why は is used only in\nthe negative case?\n\nThis is the source:\n\n\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T14:03:08.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73023",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T14:03:08.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is a different particle used with the positive and the negative version of 必要がある/必要はない?",
"view_count": 50
}
|
[] |
73023
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73026",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is it by any chance the case that, historically, the い-adjective ending 〜かった\nis a contraction originating from 〜くあった, where あった is the past inflection of\nある?\n\nTo me, it sure _sounds_ plausible, and would be quite elegant given how 〜く and\n〜ある seem to stick together in the negative forms of い-adjectives. Is this\nwhere 〜かった originates, or is this merely a coincidence?\n\n**例えば**\n\n * 高い (?) → 高い\n * 高かった (?) → 高く **あった**\n * 高くない (?) → 高く **ない**\n * 高くなかった (?) → 高く **な** く **あった**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T19:31:43.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73025",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T20:09:14.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Origin of 〜かった?",
"view_count": 1623
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is it by any chance the case that, historically, the い-adjective ending 〜かった\n> is a contraction originating from 〜くあった, where あった is the past inflection of\n> ある?\n\nThat's exactly what you're seeing.\n\nFor ～い adjectives, there were three base conjugation forms:\n\n * ～し -- 終止形【しゅうしけい】: terminal / conclusive, for ending a sentence of clause.\n * ～き -- 連体形【れんたいけい】: attributive, for modifying a noun or other 体言【たいげん】 (uninflecting word). \n⇒ The ～し and ～き forms are fused in the modern language to just ～い.\n\n * ～く -- 連用形【れんようけい】: adverbial, for modifying a verb or other 用言【ようげん】 (inflecting word).\n\nClassical grammars often also include:\n\n * ～けれ -- 已然形【いぜんけい】: often treated as the [realis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realis_mood) for things that are definite, or are becoming so, or can become so; superseded in functional terms by hypothetical or conditional usage, resulting in the modern term 仮定形【かていけい】 or \"hypothetical / suppositional / subjunctive form\".\n\nThat said, some authors postulate that the ～けれ ending is also a fusion of ～く +\nsomething else, often suggested as あれ. Personally, I don't see how //ku// +\n//are// could possibly become //kere// just on phonetic grounds, so I wonder\nif it must have been something else.\n\nYou can see a bit more about this in the conjugation table at\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/形容詞#ク活用](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E#%E3%82%AF%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).\nThe so-called _-kari_ conjugation pattern clearly shows the ～く + ある fusion.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T20:07:42.690",
"id": "73026",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T20:07:42.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "That is indeed correct. The -く form is the 連用形 (infinitive) of the adjectives,\nand from the earliest times it had the possibility to attach the verb -ar as\nan auxiliary to ease the further conjugation in the verbal categories (such as\nnegation, mood, aspect). But, with the great reshuffle of the verbal paradigm\nduring Late Middle Japanese (Ashikaga shogunate), most of these forms went out\nof usage. Nevertheless, the past form, newly formed during that period,\nemployed this intervening verb (Frellesvig, Bjarke. A history of the Japanese\nlanguage. Cambridge University Press, 2010. - p. 340 seems to claim that the\nappearance of a systematic past for adjectives is already an Edo development),\noriginally employed without contraction, as -ku atta. There was the alternate\nin -ku gozatta at the time. As already mentioned, the contraction happened\nlater.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T20:09:14.787",
"id": "73027",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-10T20:09:14.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "73025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73025
|
73026
|
73026
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73037",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently I was talking to a friend and the topic of credit cards came up. I\nasked my friend (xx) if they had a credit card:\n\n> ところで、xxはクレジットカードを持ってる？\n\nand got the following response:\n\n> そりゃあ持っているでしょう **に** 。\n\nI'm not too sure what the に at the end means, but searching around the\ninternet it seems to be related to のに. However, sentences that end with のに\ntypically indicate disappointment/regret etc and I don't believe that was the\ncase here. I found [this](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/60469):\n\n> あなた、それくらい分かっているでしょうに。 You know that, don't you? この場合の、don't you?\n> に相当するのが、「でしょうに」です。\n\nwhich seems close in meaning, but it doesn't feel like it's from のに. Any\nelucidation on this would be helpful.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-10T22:39:57.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73028",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T02:49:09.167",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-11T13:13:50.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What does the に in でしょうに mean?",
"view_count": 451
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「そりゃあ持{も}っているでしょう **に** 。」\n\nFor the majority of native speakers, this is **not** a _regular_ ,\n\"calm/relaxed\" way to say:\n\n> \"(Yes,) I have (a) credit card(s).\"\n\nThat is why I asked above how exactly you asked your question that triggered\nthe use of the highly nuanced and possibly emotional に-ending.\n\nMy first impression when I read this question before the edit was that the\nspeaker was slightly irritated or surprised at your question -- \" **Of course,\nI have a credit card. Why would you even ask?** \". That could happen because\ncredit cards are far more common in Japan than what the popular J-vloggers on\nYouTube seem to want you to believe.\n\nAccording to\n[goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17288/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB/),\n「（よ）うに」 does the following:\n\n> ★後悔・不満・非難・疑問・感動などを表わす。\n\nThat means \" **expressing regret, dissatisfaction, criticism, doubt, emotion,\netc** \" and this is precisely why I said what I said at the beginning. Your\nfriend's reply is clearly nuanced. A regular, non-nuanced reply would have\nbeen along the lines of:\n\n> 「（ええ、）持ってますよ。」\n\nThe difference between that and the actual reply you received is huge.\n\nWhat one could still not tell is exactly why s/he replied that way. To analyze\nit, we might need to read the entire conversation that took place, which I\nwill not ask you to show us. As a native speaker, I could just almost hear the\nsilent 「なんでそんな（当たり前の）こと聞くの？」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-12T00:52:47.837",
"id": "73037",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-12T02:49:09.167",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T02:49:09.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
73028
|
73037
|
73037
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73032",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "銀河鉄道の夜から.\n\n> 電燈の向こう側の暗い小路から出て来て、 **ひらっと** ジョバンニとすれちがいました.\n\nDictionary says flat, plain, may be it can be coldly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T06:48:46.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73029",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T12:41:40.490",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-11T12:41:40.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"onomatopoeia",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ひらっと",
"view_count": 371
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ひらっと」 is not a very common onomatopoeic adverb to use in the context of\npassing by someone. It would, however, mean \" **casually** \", \" **quickly** \",\netc.\n\nMore commonly, you would encounter 「さっと」、「さーっと」、「すっと」、「すーっと」、「ふらっと」, etc.\n\nNot sure what dictionary you use, but 「ひらっと」 just could **_not_** mean \"flat\nor \"plain\" in the context. You would not pass by someone \"flat(ly)\" or\n\"plain(ly)\", would you?\n\n\"Coldly\" sounds off to me as well for the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T11:39:19.673",
"id": "73031",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T11:39:19.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This ひら doesn't mean 平(flat, plain) but ひらり.\n\nDictionaries say ひらり means\n\n1: すばやく身をかわしたり飛び移ったりするさま。「ひらりと馬に飛び乗る」\n\n2: 物が軽くひるがえるさま。「木の葉がひらりと舞い落ちる」\n\nひらっと is almost the same as ひらりと, which means \"lightly\", \"nimbly\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T11:48:47.597",
"id": "73032",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T11:48:47.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "73029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73029
|
73032
|
73031
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73035",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/73025/origin-\nof-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F/73027#73027), it was verified that indeed the\norigin of the い-adjective ending 〜かった stems as a fusion of the ending 〜く and\nthe inflection あった of ある (that is, 〜かった comes from 〜くあった). This makes me\ncurious if there are alternate forms of い-adjective inflections that either\ncurrently exist or have existed in the past.\n\nTo summarize what I had said in that post linked above, I made the following\nextrapolation.\n\nModern, plain adjective inflections:\n\n * 高い\n * 高かった\n * 高くない\n * 高くなかった\n\nHistorical adjective inflections:\n\n * 高い\n * 高くあった\n * 高くない\n * 高くなくあった\n\n**Question 1.** Is it also possible, either historically or currently, to use\nthe 〜ます form on the ある portion of the \"historical adjective inflections\"\nabove?\n\nFormal variations of the above, substituting ある→あります:\n\n * 高い\n * 高くありました\n * 高くありません\n * 高くありませんでした\n\nI know already that 高くありません is possible (at least according to what I've been\nlearning of Japanese on Pimsleur), but I've never heard or seen 高くありました or\n高くありませんでした.\n\n**Question 2.** Furthermore, is it technically possible / grammatical, either\ncurrently or historically, to extend this pattern, though perhaps not actually\nnecessary or useful, to say something like 高くある・高くあります instead of 高い・高いです?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T16:53:20.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73033",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T21:25:12.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "〜く＋あります inflections?",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **Question 1.** Is it also possible, either historically or currently, to\n> use the 〜ます form on the ある portion of the \"historical adjective inflections\"\n> above?\n\nWe can find [plenty of examples for\n高くありませんでした](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%22).\nEven if we [limit our search to Google\nBooks](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%22&tbm=bks),\nto weed out other Q&A sites like this one. :)\n\nLikewise, searches for\n[高くありました](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%22&tbm=bks)\nand\n[高くありません](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%22&tbm=bks)\nfind sensible usage examples in texts ostensibly written by native speakers.\n\n> **Question 2.** Furthermore, is it technically possible / grammatical,\n> either currently or historically, to extend this pattern, though perhaps not\n> actually necessary or useful, to say something like 高くある・高くあります instead of\n> 高い・高いです?\n\nYes, we can. Google Books results for\n[高くある](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%22)\nand\n[高くあります](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22%E9%AB%98%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%22).\n\nNote the limited hit counts -- this kind of usage is grammatical, but it is\nalso somewhat stilted and only used in certain contexts. The sense of ある・あります\nhas also shifted somewhat over time, and this is no longer just the copular\n\"to be\" verb; in modern usage, it often means something more like \"there is /\n[someone] has\" rather than just \"is\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-11T21:25:12.957",
"id": "73035",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-11T21:25:12.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73033
|
73035
|
73035
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.