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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "> who is the subject of \"want to know\"?\n\nThe audience of the program, or \"generic you\", or \"everyone\".\n\n> But that contradicts the rule that たい can only be used to express the wish\n> of the speaker.\n\nAs for the description of the program, there is no such rule. See:\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23861/5010>\n\nThe title itself can be understood as what's said by someone. It's just \"I\nwanna know it!\" used as a title.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-14T05:41:37.017", "id": "94503", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-14T05:41:37.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94501", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "(It looks as though this is not the complete sentence, but that does not\naffect the problem.)\n\nおる is simply the humble form of いる; the people responsible for the bridge\nmight say 「…検査を行っております。」 This is the continuative form (2nd base) ending in\n…おり, to join to the next bit of the sentence. (Note that the people\nresponsible for the bridge might also say 「…検査を行っています。」, using いる instead of\nおる but then the continuative form does not exist.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T03:46:51.637", "id": "94526", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T03:46:51.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35531", "parent_id": "94502", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This おり is basically the same as いて (the te-form of いる) except that it sounds\nmore formal and/or bookish.\n\nYou probably know the basic idea of how\n[中止法](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/5010) works. It refers to the\nuse of masu-stem to join clauses. However, 中止法 does not work very well with\nshort ichidan verbs such as 着る, 見る, 得る and いる. The masu-stem of those verbs\nconsists of only one kana.\n\n * 学校に **行き** 、授業を **受け** 、家に帰った。: OK\n * ぐっすり **寝** 、服を **着** 、学校に行った。: Questionable/uncommon\n\nIn particular, **い is unacceptable as 中止法** even though the masu-stem of いる is\nい. And that's where おり comes into play. Instead of い, you can use おり and\npreserve the formal/bookish mood of 中止法:\n\n * ❌ 目視による検査を行って **い** 、強度に問題はないという。: Wrong\n * ✅ 目視による検査を行って **いて** 、強度に問題はないという。: Correct but less formal\n * ✅ 目視による検査を行って **おり** 、強度に問題はないという。: OK (formal)\n\nAlthough おる is basically a humble version of いる, おり used in this way **does\nnot carry any humble sense**. It's just a replacement of い you _must_ use in\nformal documents. You have to be able to use this type of おり properly even\nwhen you don't need to pay respect to anyone (for example, when describing a\nchemical reaction).\n\nOn the other hand, おる _at the end of a sentence_ sounds very different:\n\n * 目視による検査を行って **おります** 。: Humble expression (keigo)\n * 目視による検査を行って **おる** 。: Sounds like a pompous aristocracy in fiction\n\nNote that (-て)いる/おる after 行う is necessary because 検査を行う is an [habitual\naction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010) that explains why the\nbridge is safe.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T04:35:24.250", "id": "94594", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T06:13:44.977", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-20T06:13:44.977", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94502", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The\n[だけに](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%AB/#jn-136140)\nis used in the sense that\n\n> …であるから、なおのこと。「期待が大きかった―失望も大きかった」.\n\nSo the last sentence means\n\n * **Because (2801 was) after** wars and disorder in 2700s stagnated human expansion,\n * the ほとばしる energy was **all the more** explosive\n\n( **bold** corresponds to あとであるだけに)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-14T09:31:21.037", "id": "94505", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-14T09:31:21.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94504", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Let's take a look at the results for\n[最高の女](https://twitter.com/SaikoSV?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor).\nAs you can see, they have little to do with fandom things; largely it's\narticles for women to present themselves to potential romantic partners as\n最高の女. And furthermore, I can't say I've particularly seen 最高の女 as a fandom\nslang term either; this may be my own lack of knowledge as a non-native\nspeaker, but if I wanted to express the idea that a character is 'best boy' or\n'best girl', I'd probably say リンタロウくん推し, 'Rintarou-kun is my _oshi_.'\n\nWhat's more, fandom terms like this don't tend to transfer much between\ncultures. An idea English-speakers express as 'waifu' (taken from an old anime\nwhere a character called somebody 「マイワイフ」, I think) is 嫁｛よめ｝in Japanese, even\nthough the slight Japanese vibe to the English phrase might lead one to\nbelieve that it would be the same.\n\nThus, because 最高の女 does not appear to be a fandom term and fandom terms don't\ntend to transfer, I believe it's unlikely that 'best girl' originated as a\ntranslation of 最高の女.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-14T19:11:36.170", "id": "94510", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T20:34:21.097", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T20:34:21.097", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "94506", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "[策を講じる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%AC%9B%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8B/#jn-73624)\nis not so different from 策に出る. But the former implies careful planning while\nthe latter means simply _to take a strategy_.\n\nAs such 講じた sounds more of an earlier phase than 策に出た, which implies the\nstrategy already started to be executed.\n\nIn the particular case, 策を講じた wouldn't sound totally off. But my impression is\nthat 講ずる comes naturally for X(のための)策を講じる, where X is the objective of the\nstrategy. So here 接近するための策を講じた would be more natural. In other words, 出る is\nmore appropriate here because it is saying _took the strategy of まずは...隙を増やす_.\n\n* * *\n\nAs another example, 強硬策に出る is possible but 強硬策を講じる sounds odd. This is because\n強硬策 means (literally) _strong/brutal measures_ , i.e., a kind of last resort\nthat needs little planning.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-14T22:35:25.010", "id": "94511", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-14T22:35:25.010", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94508", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "つ or 個 can be used mostly for anything, as explained e.g. by [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/20876/45489). So both are fine\nfor browser tabs.\n\nGenerally つ looks more colloquial, which may be a reason 個 is used in the\nmessage (as well as in most device messages). And of course, the simplicity of\nusing 個 could be a factor.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-14T23:17:31.210", "id": "94512", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-14T23:17:31.210", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94509", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "# Understanding \"tabs\"\n\nThe number of tabs are actually the reflection of your computer's memory\nstate. They just so **appear** to show up as tabs on the screen. **How** to\nportray them to the end user is up to the designers. As you're talking about\nSafari, let's focus on how Apple renders their user interface.\n\n# Apple's design philosophy\n\nArguably they've been utilizing Skeuomorphism. Just look at their \"Notes\" app\n- they do a great job making it look/feel like an actual piece of paper. So\n**what** do they represent tabs to be? Here are some possible assumptions:\n\n## 1. Tabs are wrappers around page(s)\n\nIn this case, it' s natural to say 1枚.\n\n## 2. Tabs are containers for page(s)\n\nIn this case, it's natural to say 1個.\n\nOnce Apple defines **what** tabs are supposed to portray, their localization\nteam decides **how** they should be counted.\n\n# Personally...\n\nI have never counted tabs with my friends in my life, nor have I implemented\nsuch message for the Japanese. But I think 1個 or 1つ is appropriate. 1枚 sounds\nstrange, probably because I think tabs are containers.\n\n# Conditionals\n\n> Or are tabs counted with generic つ that becomes 個 for numbers greater than\n> 10, but the string interpolation can’t do Japanese numerals in its\n> complexity?\n\nI don't represent Apple, but they're probably capable of handling such case.\nSo this shouldn't be the reason to avoid certain counters.\n\n * 5枚 is valid\n * 5個 is valid\n * 5つ is valid\n * 10枚 is valid\n * 10個 is valid\n * 10つ is invalid and probably replace with 10個", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-15T04:21:32.717", "id": "94513", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-15T04:35:06.713", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-15T04:35:06.713", "last_editor_user_id": "48366", "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94509", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "For this subjective yet relatable question, you chose bad examples - so bad\nthat people are now nitpicking on them rather then the main point. Perhaps\nthis could've been avoided by using examples like \"sweets\" and \"お菓子\" or\nwhatnot.\n\nYour examples are still not wrong:\n\nGo to a Toyota dealer and ask for your car to be painted 赤い色. They will\ncorrect you with a straight face: \"You mean センシュアルレッドマイカ?\". This example is\ncaused by marketing and sales obviously.\n\nRecently, human resource vendors use the word \"レート\" when they could've simply\nused \"時給\". This is because the Japanese are extra sensitive when it comes to\nwages, and they would rather use this term to feel comfortable for themselves.\n\nHowever, the **opposite** phenomenon also occurs. Some group of people would\nsay, for example, \"隣国の飛翔体\" when they could've just said the name of that\ncountry and \"missile\". They have their own good or bad reasons to over\ncomplicate things and create reports that look like Chinese documentation.\n\n* * *\n\nI've seen many Japanese complain about what you just said. I could say such\ndiversity and acceptance of foreign words are the beauty of Japan, but that\nwould be a lie because this isn't a Japanese specific thing. If you look at\nIndia, not only English words but the entire English language is being used\neverywhere. Treat this as a loss of culture or evolution of diversity - it's\nall about perspective.\n\nFrom my experience, the marketing team and consultants tends to come up with\nfancy Katakana jargon, especially for a product's color options as you pointed\nout. Without any rationale or source to back this up, I assume one of the main\nreason is due to corporations trying to sound catchy to comply to their\nコーポレート部門が掲げるリーダーシップのビジョン及びポリシー.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-15T15:53:28.530", "id": "94518", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-15T15:53:28.530", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94514", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "どの can be a translation of \"every\" or \"any\" in a lot of cases. Example:\n\n * **どの** 席も空いている。 ( **Every/any** seat is empty/available.)\n\n毎 for a similar meaning is typically a prefix to form a larger word. It's\ngenerally not productive, and the word often has to do with time. Example:\n\n * 彼は **毎日** 出勤する。 (He comes to work **everyday**.)\n * 彼は **毎回** 失敗する。 (He fails **every time**.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T13:35:45.160", "id": "94531", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T13:35:45.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94515", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "行ってみて (D) is a suggestion that the listener go (and see). The speaker is not\ngoing with them.\n\n行ってみないか (A) could mean either that ( _why don’t you go?_ ) or a suggestion\nthat they go together ( _why don’t we go?_ ).\n\nMeanwhile, the verb 誘う is used to invite the listener to do something with the\nspeaker, and also the sentence explicitly says they are going to go together.\n\nThis is why only A is correct and D is incorrect.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-15T16:29:51.700", "id": "94519", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-15T16:29:51.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94516", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It's just おー, maybe with an intonation that expresses\nexcited/impressed/encouraging feelings when spoken.\n\nSometimes emojis are used in place of nouns, as in に乗ります for でんしゃにのります, but I\ndon't think this is one of them in almost any imaginable context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T08:26:52.623", "id": "94527", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T08:26:52.623", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94517", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In terms of syntax, 大きな can be interpreted as modifying either 縁 or 貝. The\nsame is true for 滑らか, but this is almost theoretical and most people would see\n'滑らかな縁' as a chunk.\n\nIn terms of meaning, it is not ambiguous mainly because people at least\nvaguely know what 真珠貝 looks like. Also, whether 大きな modifies 縁 or 貝 does not\nmake much difference: a long edge means a large shell and vice versa.\n\nThat said, to me, 大きな modifies 貝. So literally it means _The pearl oyster was\na large shell with a smoothly-curved sharp edge._\n\n* * *\n\nThis kind of ambiguity is common. A famous example is 黒い目のきれいな女の子, which is\nsaid to admit 18 ways of parsing. (See\n[this](https://yosikazuf.hatenadiary.org/entry/20120513/p1) for example).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-15T22:14:49.147", "id": "94523", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-15T22:14:49.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94522", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I would interpret it as...\n\n> 「真珠貝は［大きな］［滑らかな］［縁の鋭い］ **貝** であった。」 \n> The shell was big and smooth and sharp-edged.\n\n... where 大きな, 滑らかな and 縁の鋭い modify 貝, 縁の鋭い being one chunk.\n\nSo I would read (朗読/音読) it like this:\n\n> 「真珠貝は 大きな 滑らかな 縁の鋭い貝であった。」\n\n... with a pause between 滑らかな and 縁.\n\n* * *\n\nTo say \"The shell had a big, smooth and sharp edge\", with 大きな and 滑らかな\nmodifying 縁, I would say more like...\n\n> 「真珠貝は 大きく滑らかで鋭い縁の貝であった。」 大きく, 滑らかで and 鋭い all modify 縁. (This can still be\n> ambiguous, though.) \n> or maybe... \n> 「真珠貝は 縁が 大きく滑らかで鋭い貝であった。」(This one can also be ambiguous, though: \"a large-\n> edged, smooth, and sharp shell\" (縁が大きく、滑らかで鋭い貝)? \"had a large and smooth\n> edge, and was sharp\" (縁が大きく滑らかで、鋭い貝)?)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T01:44:58.300", "id": "94525", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T01:44:58.300", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "94522", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "In a similar vein to [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/94596/45489), the difference is\nthe following. I guess the subtlety comes from the general ambiguity of being\nnice.\n\n * 優しくしてるじゃん refers to something noticeable. The listener must be _very_ nice, in the way that mostly everybody agrees. Or the listener's contribution is something concrete/specific.\n\n * 優しくしてるよね is natural when pointing out general niceness of the listener. For example, the listener may be doing a lot of small things that help people, but each one is not a big deal. As such the listener may not think herself being nice, but you want to thank her for the cumulative merit done by her.\n\nくれる/あげる difference is, as you correctly understand, a matter of which side you\nattach yourself to.\n\nProbably I personally would go with 優しいよね rather than 優しくしてるよね for mentioning\nthe general niceness of somebody's daily doings. Without くれる/あげる, just for\nneutrality.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T09:08:46.403", "id": "94597", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T09:08:46.403", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94524", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is not a conjugation: this is an abbreviation or contraction that happens\ndue to the sounds involved and the biomechanics of the shape of the mouth when\narticulating these sounds.\n\nThis is similar to the process by which English _\" do not you...?\"_ becomes _\"\ndoncha...?\"_, or _\" did you eat yet?\"_ becomes _\" jeechet?\"_, or _\" I am going\nto...\"_ becomes _\" I'm'a ...\"_.\n\nNote that, in Japanese, the ～る ending only collapses to ～ん when the conditions\nbelow are met:\n\n * the following sound starts with an //n//, such as な or の \n * For instance, you won't see すんひと as a contraction for するひと. The phonology is wrong, since ひと doesn't start with //n//.\n * the context is informal speech \n * For instance, you won't see すんの as a contraction for するの in formal writing, and you won't hear it in formal speech.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T17:57:04.523", "id": "94534", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T17:57:04.523", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "94529", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "If the predicate were 消える instead of 消えない, が would have sounded neutral and\n消える would have been understood as referring to a one-time change (that does\nhappen).\n\n> 君とここまで歩いてきた足跡 **が** 消える [one-time change / neutral]\n\nは, on the other hand, would have put 足跡 in contrast with other things as if to\nsay although those other things won’t disappear, their footprints will.\n\n> 君とここまで歩いてきた足跡 **は** 消える [one-time change / contrastive]\n\nYour understanding is more or less correct so far.\n\nHowever, the predicate in your sentence is 消えない. In general, a negative verbal\npredicate tends to be understood as referring to a static property of\nsomething, rather than a one-time change that doesn’t happen. In this case, は\nsounds more neutral than が just as is the case with a nominal or adjectival\npredicate (whether affirmative or negative) which usually refers to a static\nproperty.\n\n> ボールペンで書いた字 **は** 消えない。[static property / neutral]\n\nは also sounds neutral when an affirmative verbal predicate does refer to a\nstatic property, although it may still carry a contrastive nuance depending on\nthe context (as when the following sentence immediately follows the sentence\nabove).\n\n> 鉛筆で書いた字 **は** 消える。[static property / neutral]\n\nWhen が is used with a negative verbal predicate, it takes on an “exhaustive-\nlisting” quality and also the verb is likely to be understood as referring to\na one-time change that doesn’t happen. The result is that it sounds like you\nare specifically stating something doesn’t happen when it is expected to.\n\nLet’s take a step back and look at the following pair with affirmative\npredicates, where たら more or less ensures the verb is understood as referring\nto a one-time change in both.\n\n> ８時になったら電気 **が** 消える。[one-time change / neutral]\n>\n> ８時になったら電気 **は** 消える。[one-time change / contrastive]\n\nNow, let’s look at the following.\n\n> ８時になっても電気 **が** 消えない。[one-time change / **unexpected** ]\n>\n> ８時になっても電気 **は** 消えない。[one-time change / contrastive] or [static property /\n> neutral]\n\nThe sentence with が sounds like the speaker is surprised that the lights don’t\ngo off even after eight.\n\nYour sentence is similar to that.\n\n> たとえ思い出になってでも 昔の話になってでも \n> 君とここまで歩いてきた足跡が消えない\n\nIt almost sounds as if the speaker wants to erase the footprints but they\npersist. I agree with the commenter. は would sound more neutral and natural.\n\n* * *\n\n[Reference]\n\n「初級を教える人のための日本語文法ハンドブック」—§27—「は」と「が」(p265-6)\n\n【これだけは】\n\n＜規則２＞ 述語が動詞以外（形容詞・名詞＋だ）のときは通常「は」を使う。動詞の場合でも次のときは通常「は」を使う。\n\n① 主語が「私」「あなた」（一、二人称）である場合 \n② 恒常的な出来事を表す場合 \n③ 否定文である場合\n\n◆ここからは単文における規則になります（なお、複文の主節は単文の場合と同様に考えることができます）。まず、最初の規則は文の種類によるもので、単純に言うと動詞文以外では「は」を使うということになります。\n\n◆動詞文の場合でも①〜③の場合は次の理由から「は」が使われます。 \nまず、①ですが、「私」や「あなた」はそれが指しているものが常に了解されている要素です（そうでなければコミュニケーションはできません）。一方、主題はそれについて何かを述べるためのものですから、それが指しているものは明確でなければならず、そのため「私」や「あなた」は主題になりやすいのです。一方、②や③で「は」が使われるのはこうした場合は文が（形容詞文や名詞文と同じく）状態的（属性づけ的）になるためです。\n\n◆なお、規則２から通常「は」を使う場合に「が」を使うと総記の解釈になります（ただし、３の(3)のような形容詞を述語とする現象文や次に述べる否定語を述語とする現象文の場合を除く）。\n\n３ (3) （高原でバスを降りた直後に）うーん、空気が **うまい** 。\n\n【もう少し】\n\n◆上述のように、否定文の場合通常「は」が使われ、(6)のように「が」を使うとその「が」は総記と解釈されます。\n\n(6) 田中さん **が** パーティーに来ませんでした。\n\nしかし、あるものや出来事が **存在しない** ことを「発見」した場合は次の(7)(8)のように「が」を使ってもその「が」は中立叙述的に解釈されます。\n\n(7) あっ、財布 **が** ない。\n\n(8) あっ、かぎ **が** かかっていない。\n\nこれらは現象文ですが、こうした文が使われるのは話し手が反対の予測を持っていたときに限られます。例えば(8)は話し手が「かぎはかかっている」と思ってノブを回したのにかぎがかかっていなかったという場合に使われます。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-17T04:43:28.353", "id": "94537", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T05:41:50.330", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-17T05:41:50.330", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94532", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "I found the following in [Shonagon](https://shonagon.ninjal.ac.jp/) (emphasis\nmine)\n\n> る」ことは「信じる」こと **抜きには** 成立していないし、「信じる」ことも「知る」ことを **抜きにしては** 成立していないのだと。\n\nThough it is 抜き **に** は, this suggests that the two are interchangeable to\nsome extent.\n\nA subtle difference is that 抜きでは sounds _without_ while 抜きにしては sounds\n_excluding_. So the first of your examples sounds more natural with 抜きでは\nbecause it refers to absence of him. For the same reason, 抜きでは sounds natural\n(and is used) in the following (also from Shonagon, FYI the publication date\nis 2002):\n\n> アメリカの大統領も、人物識見的にかなり問題があるようにも思われるが、彼も親の威光 **抜きでは**\n> 、おそらく現在の地位にはとても到達しえたとは思えない。 アメリカ大統領の宿敵であ\n\nOn the other hand, to me, either works equally in the second. (Theoretically)\n抜きでは means _proceed without him_ and 抜きにしては _proceed excluding him (who was on\nthe project up to some phase)_. In practice, the meaning are the same _proceed\nthe project without his joining it_.\n\nAnother point may be the nature of the main verb. I have the impression that\n抜きでは is preferred by verbs whose meaning is static or instantaneous.\n\n* * *\n\nOne phrase where 抜きにしては is more common is Xを抜きにしては語れない = _can not tell the\nstory without mentioning X_.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-16T21:55:45.943", "id": "94536", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-16T22:01:57.287", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-16T22:01:57.287", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94535", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "How to parse and interpret them, is determined by so may surrounding elements.\n\nJust to prove a point, here's a _bad example_. I wish I could've come up with\na better one:\n\n> So I went to the zoo yesterday, **right?** And the Japanese were excited\n> about a loaf of bread.\n\nI used the word \"right\". Immense effort will be required to explain when/why\nto use one over the other, from the following possible \"synonyms\":\n\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **eh?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **u dig?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **okay?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **you see?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **alright?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **get it?**\n * I went to the zoo yesterday, **namsayin**\n\nWhatI'msayin is, I am able to pick the appropriate one because of experience.\nI would choose one when arguing with my homies in the hood, but another when\nnegotiating with my boss in the office.\n\n* * *\n\n褒めて **くれてる** and 褒めて **くれる** deliver a different message, so I'll just stick\nwith 褒めて **くれてる** to generate these examples:\n\n * A1. あなた今日めっちゃ褒めてくれてる **じゃん** 。ありがとね\n\n * A2. あなた今日めっちゃ褒めてくれてる **よね** 。ありがとね\n\n * B1. あの人私のことめっちゃ褒めてくれてる **じゃん** 、だから私のこと好きなんだと思う\n\n * B2. あの人私のことめっちゃ褒めてくれてる **よね** 、だから私のこと好きなんだと思う\n\n * C1. 私が駄目な女ってどういうこと？普段はめっちゃ褒めてくれてる **じゃん**\n\n * C2. 私が駄目な女ってどういうこと？だってさ、普段はめっちゃ褒めてくれてる **よね**\n\nI think the differences between 1 and 2 for each examples are trivial enough\nto be considered subjective. It also depends on the region you are in,\nespecially with じゃん. So you probably shouldn't take my following analysis\nseriously:\n\n * A1 sounds straightforward happier\n * A2 sounds calmer (thus ironically may sound happier than A1)\n * B1 sounds confident that someone has a crush on her\n * B2 may be asking for her friend to agree\n * C1 sounds straightforward disagreeing\n * C2 required additional \"だってさ\" to clarify there is disagreement\n * じゃん **may be** considered a double negative (\"isn't it?\")\n * よね is a rhetorical question (\"you see?\")\n * I **don't** imagine posh people using じゃん\n * I **do** imagine posh people using よね\n * じゃん sounds childish and cute\n * よね sounds feminine\n\n* * *\n\nWhile I don't think じゃん is **stronger** over よね in terms of the message, I\nagree with you for two reasons:\n\n * じゃん has a 濁音\n * Somehow for me it's easier to imagine someone hyped up choosing じゃん\n\n* * *\n\nYou may even add \"ね\" at the end of じゃん:\n\n * A. そんなの無理じゃん **ね**\n * B. そんなの無理じゃん、 **ね？**\n * C. そんなの無理じゃん、 **ねぇ？**\n\nIf you ask me, these three have subtle differences:\n\n * A sounds like a dialect from the West\n * B is laughing it off (\"haha seriously what an idiot\")\n * C is rolling its eyes (\"ugh, can't believe it\")\n\n* * *\n\n> でしょ? だろう? What else?\n\n * (褒めてくれる or 褒めてくれてる) + **じゃない？**\n * (褒めてくれる or 褒めてくれてる) + **ことない？**\n * and more\n\nAnd each of them may be mutated:\n\n * でございましょ？\n * ではございませんか？\n * ではござらぬか\n * ジャマイカ\n\nFurthermore there are dialects:\n\n * じゃんね？\n * やん？\n * だら？\n * べ？\n\nAnd so many more... although not all of them are universally compatible with\neach other.\n\nFollowing may work too:\n\n * おたく今日めっちゃ褒めてくれてる **ざましょ** ？\n * あなた今日めっちゃ褒めてくれてる **っしょ** ？", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-17T08:47:21.917", "id": "94541", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T23:45:57.747", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-17T23:45:57.747", "last_editor_user_id": "48366", "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94538", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I think some more specific context is needed to discuss finer nuances - who is\npraising whom? I can see at least two possible contexts: 1) The listener is\nprasing the speaker. 2) Someone else is praising the speaker and the listener.\n\nI quickly skimmed [the last\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/94524/%e8%aa%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%82%82%e5%84%aa%e3%81%97%e3%81%8f%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%82%8b%e3%82%88%e3%81%ad-%e8%aa%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%82%82%e5%84%aa%e3%81%97%e3%81%8f%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%82%e3%81%92%e3%81%a6%e3%82%8b%e3%82%88%e3%81%ad-%e8%aa%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%82%82%e5%84%aa%e3%81%97%e3%81%8f%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%8f%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6%e3%82%8b%e3%82%88%e3%81%ad)\nand it seems that the first context applies here.\n\nWith that context in mind, I would say that the -よね version somewhat implies\nthat the speaker has had the same opinion (that the listener praises the\nspeaker) for a while. The -じゃん version doesn't have such implication, at least\nnot as strongly - the speaker might have just noticed that. It's not a hard\ndivision but I think there is such a tendency.\n\nOn a related note, the third version ending with -くれてるじゃん suggests that the\n褒める event has just happened, and it is probably a new development.\n\nI don't see any difference in idiomaticity among the three versions - they are\nall natural. I don't know how you know \"this doesn't occur often\", but I think\nidiomaticity and frequency are separate, although they can correlate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T12:34:07.960", "id": "94580", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T12:41:37.723", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-19T12:41:37.723", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94538", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The basic difference seems what knowledge **the speaker thinks** is shared by\nthe listener. Roughly\n\n * Xよね : the speaker may or may not assume the listener knows/agrees that X\n * Xじゃん : the speaker assumes that the listener knows/agrees that X\n\n* * *\n\nBy examples. I will use (R) and (D) to indicate the rising tone (as in\nquestion) and the decreasing tone (as an afterthought, it does not matter\nmuch).\n\n**EXAMPLE 1**\n\n * 私去年アメリカ行ったじゃん？ (R or D) _You know, I went to the US last year_\n\nHere アメリカ行ったよね? sounds odd. (R) or (D) sounds a question/confirmation about\nthe speaker's own action and as such speaker sounds amnesiac.\n\n**EXAMPLE 2**\n\n * 私ここに眼鏡置いたよね?(R)\n\nHere 置いたじゃん is odd. Using じゃん means the speaker thinks the listener knows she\nput her glasses here, in which case she does not have to ask in the first\nplace.\n\n**EXAMPLE 3**\n\n(Assume the speaker and the listener are playing basketball and the former\nshot successfully three times in a row)\n\n * 私天才じゃん(D)\n\nHere using 天才だよね is a bit odd. It sounds like a sheer question/confirmation.\nThe じゃん version is natural based on the fact that the lister watched how good\nthe speaker was.\n\n**EXAMPLE 4**\n\nThis is not directly relevant to the question, but there is a 'blaming' usage\n(which I guess made you think these constructions sound sometimes 'strong').\n\n * 早く宿題終わらせなさいっていったよね？\n\nThis is naturally used by a mother scolding a boy who is worried about\nfinishing homework in the last week of summer vacation. Using じゃん does not\nsound right. I guess it can be understood じゃん's 'friendliness', but if\nfollowing the principle as above, the mother thinks the current situation is\nnot consistent with the child's knowing he must finish homework asap, in other\nwords, knowing that and not doing it is idiotic. (Hence 'strong').\n\nOn the other hand\n\n * 明日雨降るよって言ったじゃん/いったよね？\n\nHere じゃん is better, but both are possible e.g. by a wife to a husband who came\nhome soaked in a shower, referring to the conversation last night. Using よね\nimplies the strong accusation as above, so not appropirate.\n\n* * *\n\nTurning to the sentences in question, I assume it is saying _You praise a\nlot_.\n\n * 褒めてくれるじゃん indicates that the speaker considers the fact that the listener praises a lot as obvious or at least as something felt by the listener as well. In other words, the listener praises in the way that her praising is rather noticeable by everybody.\n\n * 褒めてくれるよね does not assume that the listener is aware of her praising a lot herself. It can sound like _You praise a lot, although it may be nothing you are doing consciously_. That said, it can be used in the じゃん situation above as well.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T08:50:30.010", "id": "94596", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T08:50:30.010", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94538", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I would say it as [おはよう]【LLHL】.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-17T07:36:38.060", "id": "94540", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T07:36:38.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94539", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "仕上げ is a noun corresponding to **transitive** _to finish_ and 仕上がり to\n**intransitive** _to finish_.\n\n * 仕上げ means _someone's action of finishing/having finished something_\n * 仕上がり means _something's finished state_\n\n* * *\n\nExamples:\n\n * 仕上げの締め切りは明日だ _The deadline of finishing is tomorrow_\n\nHere 仕上がり cannot be used.\n\n * 仕上げが素晴らしい _They have finished it beautifully_\n * 仕上がりが素晴らしい _The finish is beautiful_\n\nThe former sounds praising the finisher's job while the latter sounds praising\nthe end result of the finished object.\n\n * 仕上げが遅くなった\n * 仕上がりが遅くなった\n\nHere both mean more or less the same _Finishing it took long(er than it\nsupposed to)_. Literally the former is _It took me long to finish it_ and the\nlatter _It took long for the object to be finished_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-17T22:01:37.277", "id": "94549", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-17T22:01:37.277", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94544", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "If you wanted specifically to say you're away on lunch, you could say **\"\n食事中\"**, but that sign is not very common, even if it literally translates to\n\"during eating.\"\n\nIf what you wanted is a way to write a sign to put on your desk for your\ncoworkers to see while you're away, a good way to say it is **\" 退席中\"**, which\nliterally means \"leaving (your) seat for now,\" and is a pretty common phrase\nfor a short absence such as having lunch.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T01:10:06.320", "id": "94553", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T01:10:06.320", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "94545", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Basically 経営する means _to own/run/manage (a company)_ and 所有する is much broader\n_to own_ , which means the subject have rights to some property (land, car,\netc.).\n\nSo for a privately owned company, 経営者 = オーナー (= 所有者). For a listed company,\n経営者 means CEO and オーナー means stock holders (which may be controversial).\n\nPractically\n\n * オーナー in such sense is used for small business like shops or restaurants. It is also possible to say things like 車のオーナー= _the owner of the car_.\n * 代表取締役・社長 is more commonly used for CEO of a listed company (There could be difference among those, but it is less of language issue). 経営者 is more used to denote the 'top persons' of companies (private or not) in general.\n\n事業者 is a term mostly used in the sense of _company, corporate body_. Its use\nis restricted in specific contexts (e.g. legal). For example, when a\ngovernment mentions something about mobile network, 通信事業者 is used to mean\ntelecom companies (like Docomo or KDDI in Japan).\n\n* * *\n\n(added) In case of restaurants, オーナー and 経営者 are both fine. 経営者 may be\npreferred in cases (1) they only manage a restaurant and all the cooking is\ndone by employees. or (2) they run a restaurant chain/multiple restaurants.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-17T22:45:59.267", "id": "94550", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T02:51:51.493", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-18T02:51:51.493", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94547", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Regarding 1, similar to [your recent\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/94470/45489), it is independent\nfrom なんか. As far as I can think of, で can never be omitted. So the answer is\nno.\n\nFor 2, yes. All of the following are possible\n\n * 私でよければ _if I suffice_\n * 私なんかでよければ _if even I suffice_ (being humble)\n * 私でもよければ _if I also suffice_ (instead of somebody else)\n * 私なんかでもよければ _if even I also suffice_\n\nSince basic nuances added by なんか and でも are similar, なんかでも may sound a bit\nredundant but perfectly natural.\n\n* * *\n\nThe でも is a sort of mix between _even_ (like 子供でもわかる) and _also_ (from も).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T08:33:17.330", "id": "94558", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T09:33:25.927", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-18T09:33:25.927", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94548", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's **ぽん(pon)** not **ほん(hon)**. And as far as I can tell, it's simply a\nonomatopoeia, aka a word that mimics the sounds \"pon!\"\n\nThe circle on top is called 半濁点, which means half-voiced-dots. They only exist\nfor the ha-line of the kana's (はha, ひhi, ふhu, へhe, ほho), and turns them into\nぱpa, ぴpi, ぷpu, ぺpe, ぽpo.\n\nI will not extend my answer beyond 半濁点 here, but please look at\n[this](https://blog.nihongomaster.com/japanese-hiragana/) for all possible\nsounds Hiragana can represent. It also explains 濁音 and 半濁音.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T01:02:30.747", "id": "94552", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T01:02:30.747", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "94551", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It is regarded as a special case, from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A0/#jn-132198)\n\n> 「だ」の未然形・仮定形は、動詞・形容詞・助動詞「れる・られる・せる・させる・た・たい・ない・ぬ・らしい」などの終止形にも付く。\n\nSo 「休むだろ（未然形）う」「休むなら（仮定形）ば」 are possible while だ（終止形） cannot follow 休む（終止形）.\n\n* * *\n\nAccording to [this chiebukuro\nanswer](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1392152628),\nit is a phenomenon that stems from disambiguation: Originally う・よう meant both\nvolition and future, then だろう became the standard for future and う・よう just for\nvolition.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T08:07:28.780", "id": "94557", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T08:07:28.780", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94554", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The use of [に](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AB/#jn-166083) is\nemphasis:\n\n> 13 （動詞・形容詞を重ねて）強意を表す。「騒ぎ―騒ぐ」\n>\n> 「風いたう吹き、海の面 (おもて) ただあし―あしうなるに」〈枕・三〇六〉\n\nI think 形容詞 cannot be used in this construction in the modern usage. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/87450/about-phrases-\nlike-%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AB%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B?noredirect=1&lq=1)\nfor some other examples.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T11:26:18.643", "id": "94560", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T22:56:26.097", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-18T22:56:26.097", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94556", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If you know both of the two, then yes, somewhat. It's better to include both\nand say ジョンと太郎 for example. Leaving one out invites the question why, it can\nbe taken as intentionally excluding that person. However, depending on the\nsituation, it can be reasonably explained otherwise and not taken as\ndisrespectful. If you know the name of only one of the two (and that is John),\nthen ジョンたち might be more acceptable. If John is the only shared friend of you\nand the listener, it can be natural to focus on him by saying ジョンたち.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T23:23:28.147", "id": "94573", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T23:23:28.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94559", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "If there are two or fewer people you are considering, you should probably say\ntheir names, but if there are three or more, it is difficult to say everyone's\nname, so you can call them \"〇〇たち\"\n\nIt's not that the word is that impolite.\" You guys are\" and \"〇〇 and the\nothers\" have the same meaning.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T02:04:50.783", "id": "94576", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T02:04:50.783", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94559", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Go with が. That's what you usually use with いる or ある, because it's a\nstatement, a description (\"there is something\").\n\nUsing は here would be possible in a context where, for instance, you'd want to\ninsist on the fact that it's fish and not something else (\"I'm asking if there\nare fishes in the pond, not birds!\")", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T14:09:09.950", "id": "94563", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T14:09:09.950", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51218", "parent_id": "94561", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I would go with は.\n\n* * *\n\nIf it were an affirmative declarative sentence (肯定平叙文) I'd use が unless a\ncontrastive meaning is intended:\n\n> いけのなかにさかな **が** たくさんいます。 \n> There are many fish in the pond.\n\nThis is a statement/description of \"There's something\".\n\n* * *\n\nBut in an interrogative sentence (疑問文) as in your question, using は would\nusually be more natural:\n\n> いけのなかにさかな **は** たくさんいますか。\n\n(いけのなかに **は** さかながたくさんいますか。 would also be natural.)\n\nHere are related questions:\n\n * [は and が usage in a weird case](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38445/9831)\n * [Is 時間がありますか unnatural?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30787/9831)\n * [Do we really have to change particles (usually が into は) in negative and interrogative sentences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56450/9831)\n\n* * *\n\nAnd using は would also be more natural in a negative sentence (否定文):\n\n> いけのなかにさかな **は** たくさんいません。\n\n(To say \"There're not so many ~~\", あまり～ない would be preferred over たくさん～ない in\nmost contexts, as in いけのなかにさかな **はあまり** いません。 or いけのなかに **は** さかなが **あまり**\nいません。)\n\nThe は indicates **the scope of negation**. For more on this, see:\n\n * [Why is the topic marker often used in negative statements (ではない, ～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/9831)\n * [Using は before 欲しい instead が](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/70190/9831)\n * [What is the difference between \"に\" and \"には\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1130/9831).)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-09T01:37:35.243", "id": "96170", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-09T05:21:33.097", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-09T05:21:33.097", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "94561", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Yes, the particle affects the emphasis.\n\nは and が can be used to give emphasis by replacing each other.\n\nA sentence where you would normally use は is emphasized by using が, example:\n\n私 **は** 学生です。 (I am a student) as opposed to 私 **が** 学生です。(I AM the student)\n>with the second sentence probably being an answer to the question \"Who is the\nstudent.\"\n\nThe opposite is true, example:\n\n肉 **が** 好きです。 (I like meat). 肉 **は** 好きです。(I like MEAT, _but not other things_\n)\n\nIn this case, the normal particle to put before います would be が. If you use は\nit will emphasize the fishes.\n\nwith が: Are there many fishes in the pond? (neutral)\n\nwith は: Are there many FISHES in the pond? (only asking about fishes, I don't\ncare about other things that might be in the pond).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-09T11:10:42.533", "id": "96175", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-09T11:10:42.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50976", "parent_id": "94561", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "# Japanese\n\n一般的でない表現だと思います。可能なら、著者に正確な意図を質問したほうがいいのではないでしょうか。\n\n「濡れ羽色」はつやのある黒色のことですが、これにヒントを得た表現なのかもしれません。\n\n# English\n\nI don't think it's a common expression. You might want to ask the author to\nclarify their intent, if possible.\n\nThis reminded me of another expression 濡れ羽色 (which is part of the standard\nvocabulary) that refers to a particular kind of glossy blackness. The author\nmight have taken an inspiration from that.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T15:07:05.987", "id": "94567", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T15:41:17.097", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-18T15:41:17.097", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94562", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": ">\n> 今、私の手が荒くて、皮膚がカサカサ（皮膚が剥がれて小さな皮が固く立っている状態？）なので、こんな手で繊細なベールに触るとベールのレースに傷つけてしまうかもしれない。まず手をこすって、手の平の立っている小さな皮を寝かせよう\n\n良いと思います！ (^^)\n\nひとつだけ気になったのは、「手が[荒]{あら}くて」「手が[荒]{あら}い」ではなく、「手が[荒]{あ}れていて」「手が[荒]{あ}れる」です。（ちなみに、「手荒れ」という名詞もあります。）「手が荒れる」とは、水仕事や寒さのせいで、手の皮膚がカサカサになったり皮がむけたりすることです。", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T15:19:54.733", "id": "94568", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T15:19:54.733", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "94564", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "ブラバン is short for\n[ブラスバンド](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89),\nor \"[brass band](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass_band)\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-18T14:56:32.953", "id": "94566", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T14:56:32.953", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "94565", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's because の emphasizes possession\n\nAがBなわけだ → AがBであるわけだ\n\nAがBのようだ → AがBの様子をしている\n\nBut の can also function as the copula, and ～であるよう can work, so both are\nviable. The meaning is just not as strong or obvious so the usage tends toward\nthis.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T11:17:07.413", "id": "94717", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T11:21:38.687", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-27T11:21:38.687", "last_editor_user_id": "48769", "owner_user_id": "48769", "parent_id": "94569", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "The expression is not a common one, but I guess A is closer. Basically 重なる\nmeans something is on top of something else, and in this case, people are very\nclose to each other as if they are layering. But whether each task is done by\none person simply depends on the context, both are not wrong. The sentence\ndescribes the place is crowded with people busily working.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T11:12:52.147", "id": "94578", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T11:12:52.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94570", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The meaning \"来週テスト\" is often used as a casual or abbreviated meaning among the\ngeneral Japanese population, often in the sense of \"来週テストがある\"The correct\ngrammar is \"来週 **、** テストがある\" or \"来週 **は** テストがある\"\n\n来週のテスト means (a test that is next week). Or next week's test\n\nThis is very difficult for even native speakers to understand sometimes.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T01:51:05.253", "id": "94574", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T23:31:04.917", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-19T23:31:04.917", "last_editor_user_id": "51381", "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94571", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "It's determined by the will of the speaking human. There are no rules and no\nguidelines. There is no need in specification, because it is used the\nsemantics of kanji to understand the sense of the phrase. It's passed in the\nofficial documents, written speech, newspaper articles etc.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T23:16:07.077", "id": "94588", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T23:18:10.370", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-19T23:18:10.370", "last_editor_user_id": "51393", "owner_user_id": "51393", "parent_id": "94571", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "Here is the critical difference:\n\n * **来週の** always modifies a **noun** (aka \"adjectival\").\n * **来週** always modifies a **verb** (aka \"adverbial\").\n\n来週, 明日, 昨日 and so on do not take any particle when used adverbially. (In\nEnglish, words like \"tomorrow\" do not take prepositions when used as an\nadverb, either. For example, you say \"I'll do it tomorrow\" rather than \"I'll\ndo it on tomorrow\".)\n\nテスト is a noun, so you should always use 来週 **の** テスト to say \"next week's\nexam\".\n\nOn the other hand, 来週テスト is simply an incorrect phrase at least in formal\nJapanese. In colloquial Japanese, you can understand this as an abbreviated\nsentence where がある is omitted (note that ある is a verb), i.e., it can be an\nabbreviated sentence meaning \"I have an exam next week\". Either way, it never\nmeans \"next week's exam\".\n\nNote that Japanese is a language that strictly distinguishes noun-modifying\nexpressions and verb-modifying expressions. See also: [using の with と,で, から,\nまで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33605/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T01:34:15.930", "id": "94589", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T01:34:15.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94571", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This かなり喋ってもらった is just \"She talked quite a lot (for the sake of me)\" (or\nsuper-literally, \"I received a favor of talking quite a lot\"). This is a\nfairly simple example of [(-て)もらう](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86-te-\nmorau-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84-te-moraitai-\nmeaning/), so you may need to review its basic usage. By もらう, he is (at least\nsuperficially) thanking for her long talk. かなり is an adverb that means\n\"fairly\", \"quite a lot\", etc.\n\n> かなり喋ってもらったが、どうでもいいことばかりじゃないか。\n>\n> She talked quite a lot (for me), but they're all unimportant things, aren't\n> they?\n\nOr you may translate this sarcastically like \"Thank you for the long speech\nabout all the things that don't matter\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T02:44:12.750", "id": "94591", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T03:19:46.797", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-20T03:19:46.797", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94572", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「Aは Bより adjです」means \"A is more (adj) than B\".\n\nFor example:\n\nAさんは Bさんより わかいです。\n\nA is younger than B.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T03:19:10.400", "id": "94577", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T03:19:10.400", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51375", "parent_id": "94575", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I am reviewing this point (I find it difficult) in my textbook. It gives a\nmore elaborate pattern.\n\n「Aのほうが Bより adj です。」 \"A is more (adj) than B.\"\n\nAさんのほうが Bさんより わかいです。\n\nA is younger than B.\n\nMy textbook also notes that in common speech, the reverse order often is used.\n\n「Bより Aのほうが adj です。」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T21:10:13.520", "id": "94754", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T21:10:13.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42067", "parent_id": "94575", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "* This たって means \"even if\" or \"even though\". See [JLPT N3 Grammar: たって (tatte) Meaning](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-tatte-meaning/)\n * For the meaning of ごまかす, see [Meaning of ごまかす](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/94402/5010)\n * This んだ is explanatory-の used to convince/persuade someone.\n * から is basically \"because\", but here it's more like \"...so, you know what\".\n\n> ごまかしたってちゃんと聞いたんだからな \n> Even if you try to hide it, I heard it, you know.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T03:05:52.980", "id": "94592", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T03:05:52.980", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94581", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes it uses the same construction in the link as in \"〜したら〜になった\".\n\n* * *\n\nHowever, note that the page says:\n\n> 普通の出来事の説明ではなく、驚きや新しい発見があったことを説明する時に使う。\n\nThis is not necessarily true. I can prove this easily:\n\n* * *\n\nLet me introduce you to a word to express \"as expected\" (which is the opposite\nof unexpected) : \"案の定\". And let me sneak that in to your sentence:\n\n> 本隊も最初の指示だけ与えてほったらかしたところ **案の定** 散々にやられて撤退を始めている。\n\nThis doesn't sound strange to me. Let's take a look at another example, this\ntime from that exact link:\n\n> レシピどおりに作ってみたところ、美味しく作ることができました。\n\nHow is this supposed to be surprising?\n\n* * *\n\nTherefore, \"〜ところ\" doesn't necessarily mean \"unexpectedly it turned out to\nbe〜\". It sure may be used to express \"unexpectedly\" depending on the context\nthough.\n\nHaving said that, the link you pasted seems to be designed towards JLPT which\nis much reputable than strangers on a forum. **If** their guideline really\ndefines \"〜ところ\" as a phrase used to express elements of surprise, then I'd\nrecommend you comply/trust them over my answer, at least until you are\nconfident enough to make your own decision.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T17:30:21.557", "id": "94583", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T17:30:21.557", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94582", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "なりうる is just a compound of なる \"become\" + 得{う}る \"to be possible\".\n\n〜がため（に） is an archaic expression meaning \"for the reason of X\". が in Classical\nJapanese had a possessive sense (similar to の in the modern language). The\nnormal translation into Japanese of the title of Hemingway's book \"For Whom\nThe Bell Tolls\" is\n[誰{た}がために鐘は鳴る](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB%E9%90%98%E3%81%AF%E9%B3%B4%E3%82%8B),\nshowing the same construction.\n\nSo the meaning of 恐るべき事態になりうるがため is \"since it could lead to a frightful\nsituation\", with an archaic nuance. This nuance would certainly fit with the\ncharacter of a wizard making a portentous announcement.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-19T19:15:51.153", "id": "94585", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-19T19:15:51.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "94584", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This コピー does look odd to me, too, but コピー rarely refers to saying the same\nthing twice. This コピー may be referring to the picture rather than the text.\nThis is possibly a note from the author, something like \"You know, this\npicture is a xeroxed one from a previous episode/book\". (In general, something\nlike this does not necessarily mean the author was lazy, but I don't know\nabout this specific title.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T02:06:49.633", "id": "94590", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T02:06:49.633", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94586", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Isn't this just the character calling the other person a copy-cat? As in doin\nthe same thing?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T20:11:19.110", "id": "94605", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T20:11:19.110", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32976", "parent_id": "94586", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "風のかたち **で** clearly adverbially modifies 運ばれる, so the literal translation of\nthis part is \"I am carried in the form of wind\". This is not a common\nexpression, but I think she is saying she has become one with the wind.\n\nOn the other hand, で in 空いろ **で** is probably the te-form of だ. きっとわたしは空いろで\nwould mean \"I am perhaps sky blue (in color), and ...\". That is, since she is\nin the sky, the sky has dyed her blue.\n\nAnother possibility is that 空いろで also modifies 運ばれる adverbially (in which case\nで is a case particle to mark a condition), but I cannot logically explain what\n\"in a sky-blue manner\" would mean.\n\nIn prosaic Japanese, those three lines would mean something like\n\"こんな青い空の中(にいるので)、きっとわたしは空色をしている。そして、(わたしは)風のようになって運ばれる\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T05:55:23.450", "id": "94595", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T06:02:39.607", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-20T06:02:39.607", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94593", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's pretty clear that it means \"being hit\". The preceding あなたに in the verse\nmakes it clear that the person doing the hitting is the listener (\"あなた\"), not\nthe speaker. Although the one receiving the hitting is not made explicit, it\ncannot be あなた, and the most reasonable assumption is that it is the speaker.\n\nI'm not sure where you saw those translations in which the singer is the one\ndoing the hitting, but [the one I found\nonline](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/%E5%86%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AE%E5%B8%B0%E3%82%8A%E9%81%93-fuyu-\nno-hi-no-kaeri-michi-winter-day-way-back-home.html) translates the part in\nquestion as \"You hit me\" (where \"me\" is the singer).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T09:51:15.890", "id": "94599", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T10:05:51.577", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-20T10:05:51.577", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94598", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "The translation is correct. (Just in case, にしています means _(we) have made it a\nrule that.._ )\n\nRegarding _only until 6 o'clock_ , it follows the basic rule of 'reversing'.\nThat is, Japanese uses post-positions which reverses the English prepositions.\nSo までだけ is the correct one. (If _until only_ works in English, forget the\nexplanation.)\n\nRegarding できる, it sounds natural when it is talking about the speaker allowing\nsomeone to take pictures, e.g. in case of a zoo. Here it seems to refer to\ntheir own taking pictures, so 撮ったりする is correct. Note if it says that they\ncan't take picture because it gets dark, then 見たり写真を撮ったりできるのは6時までです is\ncorrect.\n\nNothing should be technically wrong about 6時までだけにしています, but I feel 6 o'clock\nmay be rather too usual to use _only_. Possibly it is early for owls, in which\ncase using までだけ is fair.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T13:58:40.090", "id": "94602", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T14:26:49.920", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-20T14:26:49.920", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94600", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "First, there is something I want you to know. It is called \"Dialogue\".\n\n## What is Dialogue?\n\nDialogs are user interface elements that interact with the user in writing. Of\nthose, alerts are used to inform the user of an error or warning and ask for a\nsubsequent action (agreement, denial, etc.). Users do not want someone else to\ntake away their work, so be very careful about overuse of alerts The picture\nwhich you used is kind of “Dialog”\n\n## 『キャンセルのOK』と『キャンセルのキャンセル』\n\nPlease see this image first.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/shJSw.png)\n\nWhat do you think? This alert is an example of an alert that asks the user\nwhether or not to interrupt the work in the description, and then indicates\ntwo options for action: \"Cancel\" or \"OK\". Do you feel any discomfort when you\nsee this?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wYBW8.png)\nIn this context, we are asking the user if he/she is willing to continue with\nthe process of \"canceling edits\". Many users who want to agree to continue\nwould intuitively want to press \"Cancel\" with the same notation. However, this\ndoes not cancel the edit.\n\nWhat this \"Cancel\" button means is \"Cancel 'Cancel edits'\". In other words, in\norder for the user to discard the edit as desired, the user should select the\nopposite OK button. Such a \"cancel of cancel\" should be avoided because it is\na double negative and complicates the meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nSo people changed the name of the button as follows, hoping that it would not\nbecome \"Cancel of Cancel\" here.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B3q9X.png)\nAre you no longer confused by this ......?\n\nI find this correction to be incorrect. Yes\" and \"No\" are not appropriate for\naction buttons in dialogs because the outcome is not predictable.\n\nI would like to attack the alerts further. I would like to further attack a\ncertain alert. In response to the comments of those around me, I have expanded\nthe description as follows.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/G7Ol0.png)\n\n## Yes,, or No….???\n\nThis alert ultimately asks the user to \"save the edits,\" and the user who\nwants to do so will intuitively choose \"Yes. However, if the user selects\n\"Yes,\" the original question \"Cancel edits\" will be executed, which means that\nthe edits will not be saved, but rather destroyed. This is the worst possible\noutcome for the user.\n\nDesign short, logical and appropriate wording\n\nThis alert does not have an appropriate description to begin with. And the\nbutton names for the choices are wrong.\n\nFirst of all, the word \"cancel\" is improperly used in the description in an\nunobtrusive manner. Cancel is a word often used in the names of negative\nbuttons, so avoid asking questions that could be confused with it.\n\nA common example of confusing the meaning of cancel is in the process of\ncanceling an order in a mail order application by asking, \"Do you want to\ncancel your order?\" in the cancellation process of a mail order application.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JYa2l.png)\n\n## Avoid \"to be\" expressions as much as possible and use concise expressions.\n\nIn designing the wording of buttons, it is important to avoid the Japanese\nexpression \"〜する\" as much as possible. Cancel\", \"Discard\", \"Delete\", \"Select\",\n\"Download\", and \"......\" all have an extra \"suru\" and seem redundant. It\ndepends on the context, but in most cases, the meaning can be understood even\nwithout the \"〜する\" form, so it is better to use short sentences. In light of\nthe above, this alert should be written as \"Are you sure you want to cancel?\ncan be rewritten as \"Are you sure you want to cancel? can be rewritten as\n\"Discard? The name of the consent button can then be \"Discard\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-20T21:57:51.120", "id": "94607", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-20T21:57:51.120", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94606", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "That would be an awful impression. They are [みんな]【LHL】 and [おかね]【LLH】", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-21T18:05:42.847", "id": "94619", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-21T18:05:42.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94609", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "とびっことりっこ is probably a made-up word used only in the novel you're working on.\nYou will need to read the entire novel to find all the references that\npossibly explain the meaning of this unfamiliar word. If you're translating\nthis professionally, you may need to make your own new English phrase that\n\"feels\" like とびっことりっこ.\n\nStill, it's possible to analyze this. (っ)こ is a suffix that forms the name of\na play/game involving two or more people. See [this\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%93/#jn-71117) and [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43825/5010). For example, かけっこ\nis \"駆ける + っこ\", and にらめっこ is \"睨め + っこ\". So とびっことりっこ can be intuitively\nunderstood by native speakers as a game-like activity where two or more people\nfly/jump (飛ぶ/跳ぶ) and catch/take (取る) something. Maybe it's something like a\nwitch version of frisbee dog or playing catch, but this is just my guess. (I\nintuitively took this とぶ as \"fly\" rather than \"jump\" because most witches in\nfantasy works can fly, but of course I may be wrong.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T02:26:58.277", "id": "94634", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T02:41:37.670", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-23T02:41:37.670", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "If you break it down into とびっこ and とりっこ, it looks like both are found in\ndialects in the Kanto area. According to [http://www1.tmtv.ne.jp/~kadoya-\nsogo/ibaraki-to.html](http://www1.tmtv.ne.jp/%7Ekadoya-sogo/ibaraki-to.html)\n\n * とびっこ is a synonym of かけっこ: running and chasing\n * とりっこ is a synonym of 取り競べ (I don't know what it is exactly, but it sounds like it might be a game for maintaining possession of something (like a ball))\n\nI admit I don't exactly know a word that combines the two. If I had to guess,\nit sounds a lot like a game that involves maintaining the possession of\nsomething (like a ball) while running away from non-possessing players.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T03:49:56.013", "id": "94637", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T03:59:42.070", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-23T03:59:42.070", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In the context of seeking/granting permission, the potential form/できる can be\nused.\n\n 1. この美術館では写真を撮ることができます It is allowed to take pictures in this museum\n 2. ここでは飲食はできません Eating or drinking is prohibited here.\n 3. お借りできますか？ May I borrow this?\n 4. 試着できますか？ May I try it on? (for clothes)\n 5. サインもらえますか? Can I have your autograph?\n\nFor 1 and 2, I think てもいいです is hardly usable. Of course, you can casually say\n写真を撮ってもいいです, but とってもかまいません or とっても大丈夫です would be usual for this particular\nsentence. For 3-5, you can use てもいいですか. Either sounds same to me though できますか\nmay be more polite. (5 may not be exactly a permission.)\n\n 6. これ捨ててもいいですか？ Can I throw this way?\n 7. 入ってもいいですか？ May I come in?\n 8. お宅の子を写真にとってもいいですか Can I take a photo of your kid?\n\nFor 6-7, できますか is not usable (even choosing different verbs like 破棄する or\n入室する). For 8 写真にとることはできますか sounds like asking a parent who is a complete\nstranger to the speaker (and probably is not with the child at the moment).\n\nMy tentative guess is that できますか is more neutral about the expected answer\nwhile てもいいですか usually expects _yes_. And there is some issues of register and\ncollocation like 1-2/6-7 above.\n\n* * *\n\nI'm not completely clear about difference of _May I..._ and _Can I..._ , but\nremember in a film an English learner's _Can I come in?_ being corrected to\n_May I come in?_ I have a feeling the difference above is somewhat comparable\n...or maybe not.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-21T13:58:22.993", "id": "94613", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T07:37:28.700", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-23T07:37:28.700", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94611", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "つきっきり means \"to be together all the time\", \"to stick with someone\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-21T16:38:21.933", "id": "94614", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-21T16:38:21.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51375", "parent_id": "94612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "[Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A)\ndefines it as \"constant attendance; uninterrupted supervision; staying with\nsomeone all the time\", while\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8D%E5%88%87%E3%82%8A):\n\n> 少しも離れることなく付き添うこと。つきっきり\n\nwhich I would translate as \"To attend to someone without ever leaving\", so it\nmeans to attend on someone costantly; \"babysitting\" fits in this, but given\nWeblio's example (付きっきりで看病する, \"To nurse someone costantly\") I'd say it has a\nbroader meaning.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-21T17:17:39.993", "id": "94616", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-21T17:17:39.993", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35362", "parent_id": "94612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Okurigana is used in i-adjectives as well, look for example at 新しい (new). So,\nokurigana doesn't necessary mean that the word is a verb/derived from a verb.\n\n~~Besides, it seems that 悍 doesn't appear within any verb~~ See @jogloran's\nlink in comments for the potential source verb.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-21T18:29:51.137", "id": "94620", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-21T22:04:38.903", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-21T22:04:38.903", "last_editor_user_id": "39017", "owner_user_id": "39017", "parent_id": "94617", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I wrote a separate post back in December 2020 about the derivation of _-ashii_\nadjectives:\n\n * [む verbs and corresponding ましい adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/82922/%e3%82%80-verbs-and-corresponding-%e3%81%be%e3%81%97%e3%81%84-adjectives/82923#82923)\n\nIn short, it appears that most _-ashii_ adjectives derive from verbs. Note too\nthat _-oshii_ appears as a variant form, sometimes alongside _-ashii_ (as in\n好【この】ましい and 好【この】もしい), and sometimes as the only extant form (as in よろしい).\n\nSo if you see an adjective ending in _-ashii_ or _-oshii_ , chances are high\nthat this is derived from a verb.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-05-02T04:56:03.637", "id": "99503", "last_activity_date": "2023-05-02T04:56:03.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "94617", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "First off, すきなどうぶつ{LHLHLLL} is impossible, that's just an issue with your\nperception. (How well do you score on [this\nsite](https://kotu.io/tests/pitchAccent/perception/minimalPairs)? It should be\n100%.)\n\nAs for すきなどうぶつ{LHLLLLL} vs すきなどうぶつ{LHLLHHH}, that's actually not a question of\npitch accent, but rather a question of **intonation** (whether you rise back\nup for a word or not).\n\nIn this case, すきなどうぶつ{LHLLLLL} is more natural, but that isn't a general rule:\n_it depends on the semantic relationship of the modifier and the following\nword._\n\nFor example, if you have 白い雪が, that is said approximately しろいゆきが{LHLLHL},\nbecause 白い is purely descriptive, it's not selecting one type of snow out of\nmultiple differently colored snow (at least normally...)\n\nBut if you are looking at a field of flowers and you want to say something\nabout the blue ones in particular, you would say 青い花は, that is said closer to\nあおいはなは{LHLLLLL} (i.e., you don't raise back up for 花, despite it having an\naccent on な.)\n\nHowever, _big note_ , the HL notation is totally insufficient for notating\nphrases and is omitting detail even in this very answer, because when\nconsidering intonation for multiple accents, each accent is said at a\ndifferent height, so in reality you would need to use a more expressive\nnotation (like a graph, or honestly just an audio file).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-22T13:38:32.477", "id": "94624", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-22T13:38:32.477", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94621", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "In both cases, you could think the verbs associated with (modified by) NをNに\nare omitted, which may be the reason you feel the existing verbs\n(動き回っている/行われた) are 'not clearly associated'.\n\n * 働いているアリを横目に **して** （見ながら） _putting/looking at working ants in the corner of the eyes_\n * 15歳の子供たちを対象に **して** _making 15 year-olds as targets_\n\nThat said, you can think 動き回っている/行われた is the associated verbs.\n\n * wandering about with working ants in the corner of the eyes.\n * conducted with 15 year-olds as targets.\n\nEither way, 1b/2b are lacking both of the potential modified verbs and\nunnatural. 1b may be barely possible but 2b is ungrammatical.\n\nThe closet alternative to 2b would be\n\n * 5歳の子供たちを対象に **した** 国際調査だ.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T04:55:17.363", "id": "94638", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T04:55:17.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94626", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This 不利 **(na-adjective)** means \"in a disadvantageous place\", \"at a\ndisadvantage\".\n\n * 女性は不利だ。 \nWomen are at a disadvantage.\n\n * 女性は不利になる。 \nWomen will be at a disadvantage.\n\n * 女性が不利になるような基準 \ncriteria where woman will be at a disadvantage \n→ criteria that disadvantages women\n\nThis として is the te-form of とする, which in this context means \"to claim/say\".\nThis is very common in news articles.\n\n * [What does として mean here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11230/5010)\n * [What is the difference between として and とする?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/88737/5010)\n * [What does this としています express?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56323/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T01:57:59.930", "id": "94632", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T02:59:20.437", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-23T02:59:20.437", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94627", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "\"Words of the day\" could be [今日]{きょう}の言葉, 今日の[一言]{ひとこと}, or maybe [一日]{いちにち}一言\n( _lit._ a phrase a day).\n\n> \"Where do the words of the day come from?\"\n\nI would probably say it as 「今日の言葉は、どうやって考えるの？」-- literally: \"How do you think\nof the words of the day?\"\n\n> \"whatever I feel like\" or \"whatever comes to mind\" \n> \"doing whatever comes to mind\" (maybe related to whimsy?)\n\nHow about using phrases like...\n\n> 「思いつくままに」 \n> 「思いついたことを何でも」 \n> 「何となく」/「何となく思いついたことを」 \n> 「気分で」/「その日の気分で」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T00:34:53.907", "id": "94631", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T00:34:53.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "94628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, the first four are shortenings of the latter four. (Also if you are\ncurious, the shortenings are used in Japanese-as-spoken-by-native-Japanese-\nspeakers as well, not just in English teaching material.)\n\nThe shortenings are all pronounced heiban:\n\n * あたまだか￣\n * なかだか￣\n * おだか￣\n * へいばん￣", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T00:16:10.430", "id": "94630", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T00:16:10.430", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94629", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You cannot use を because there is no transitive verb in this sentence. The\nonly verb in this sentence is あります (\"to exist\"), which never takes an object.\n\nLet's start with an easier example. What does the following sentence mean?\n\n> 興味があります。\n\nThe literal translation of this is \"An interest exists\", not \"I am\ninterested\". 興味 is a noun meaning \"interest\", が is a subject marker, and あります\nis a verb meaning \"to exist\".\n\nNext, you can specify the type of your interest using に. The particle に has\nmany roles, but in this case, you can think に corresponds to \"in\":\n\n> **日本語に** 興味があります。 \n> (lit.) An interest exists **in Japanese**. \n> I am interested **in Japanese**.\n\nYou can turn this sentence into a question by replacing 日本語 to 何 and adding か\nat the end:\n\n> **何に** 興味があります **か** 。 \n> (lit.) **In what** does an interest exist? \n> **What** are you interested **in**?\n\nNote again that there is no transitive verb. That's why you cannot use を.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T02:55:29.380", "id": "94635", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T02:55:29.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94633", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The verb that is supposed to be paired with ふりかえる is omitted.\n\n> 足の悪い鶴ははずかしそうにふりかえって、「さっきね、何かないかと思って沼のなかを探していたのさ。」（と **言った** 。）\n\n> 足の悪い鶴ははずかしそうにふりかえって、（こう **言った** 。）「さっきね、何かないかと思って沼のなかを探していたのさ。」\n\nI guess it is supposed to be a storytelling technique or something. I wouldn’t\nsay it’s very common.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T09:39:43.560", "id": "94639", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T09:39:43.560", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94636", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "If I had to translate that phrase without knowing what got broken, I would\nprobably put it this way.\n\n> [壊]{こわ}れた、ガラスみたいに。\n\nFirst of all, you need an intransitive verb here. It’s kind of like using the\nimpersonal pronoun “ _se_ ” in Spanish, as in “ _se ha roto_.”\n\nThe verb that is usually used for glass is [割]{わ}れる, but its meaning is\nspecific and probably cannot be used for whatever is the other thing that got\nbroken _like_ glass. 壊れる is more general. Their transitive equivalents, by the\nway, are, respectively, [割]{わ}る and [壊]{こわ}す.\n\nThe verb you chose is [破]{やぶ}る, which is used for things like paper and cloth\n(if not a promise in a figurative usage). Besides, it is transitive. So 破った\nwould mean that you or someone else intentionally tore something. Its\nintransitive version is [破]{やぶ}れる.\n\nThe に after ガラスみたい makes it an adverb to modify the verb. The sentence in the\nnormal word order would be ガラスみたいに壊れた, but the inverted sentence above feels\ncloser to the English.\n\nIf you wish to add a sense of regret, you could use the subsidiary verb しまう.\n\n> 壊れてしまった、ガラスみたいに。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T10:35:23.433", "id": "94655", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T10:35:23.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94640", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "Sure, you may omit that unnecessary layer. That'll get us \"女性が不利になる基準\" which\nis nice and simple.\n\nBut for our academic purpose, let's try adding those stuff in between,\nalthough they don't really add **extra information** , starting with\n\"女性が不利になる基準は差別です\" for simplicity's sake:\n\n * 女性が不利になる基準は差別です\n * 女性が不利になるような基準は差別です\n * 女性が不利になるような基準的なものは差別です\n * 女性が不利になるような基準的なものみたいな内容は差別です\n * 女性が不利になるような基準的なものみたいな内容…そんなもんは差別です\n\nI can go on forever doing this.\n\nI can go on forever doing this kind of stuff.\n\nI can go on forever doing the kind of stuff such as this... _but I'll stop\nhere_.\n\n* * *\n\nI hope my attempt helps you better understand the effect of these \"mystery\"\nstuff. But if you ask me, I don't think it's wise to completely decouple this\nusage of 様な from the **likes** of what you claim to be the \"appearance\"\nversion.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-23T21:08:56.117", "id": "94646", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-23T21:08:56.117", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94642", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The value of this よう would have been much greater if it adverbially modified\nsome verb, like this.\n\n> 女性が不利になるように決められた基準\n\nIn this case, 女性が不利になる would have more clearly described an intended end state\nof some concrete action.\n\nThis meaning, and thus the value of よう, is almost entirely lost in the\nadjectival usage in the original sentence because it contains no action that\nis supposed to have been performed with the described end state in mind but\nonly the final product that ended up having a particular characteristic,\nmaking it totally acceptable to read 〜ような基準 as simply “the kind of measures\nthat …” This is why removing ような (corresponding to “the kind of”) doesn’t\nchange the meaning of the phrase much.\n\nHowever, it doesn’t mean that this よう describes someone’s perception or\nimpression as you seem to have thought it does when you translated it with\n“appear.” It’s not that something that the measures (基準) do looks in some\nparticular way to someone who is observing them. I commented because I thought\nif you hadn’t missed this distinction, you probably wouldn’t have thought 基準\nmight be the subject of なる, which in turn forced you to twist this\nintransitive verb into a transitive verb like “cause.”\n\nJust for the sake of giving a counterexample, the following would be at least\ntheoretically ambiguous.\n\n> 女性を不利にするような基準\n\nThe distinction in question is not so much between “like” and something else\nbut rather between perception and intended state.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T10:06:04.333", "id": "94654", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T10:06:04.333", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94642", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "[言文一致](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genbun_itchi) and the shift to modern\nkana orthography (1946) happened shortly before this period, and they were\nundoubtedly much more fundamental than anything that happened after 1950. But\nI'll focus on the change of modern 口語 here. The list is far from complete; I\njust wrote down things that came to mind.\n\n * Decline of ましょう as a way to express future inference.\n\n> 明日は雨が降りましょう。\n\nThis was common in weather forecast until the 1970's, but we never hear this\ntoday. See: <https://ameblo.jp/heppokomental/entry-12527905042.html>\n\n * Decline of some \"heavy\" keigo patterns (でございます, でありました, くださいませ, ...)\n\n * Continued decline of ぬ as a negation marker (ありませぬ, 分からぬ, ...)\n\n * Decline of many gender-specific sentence endings (かしら, だわ, ...), although many remain in fictional works as part of お嬢様言葉\n\n * Decline of most iteration marks (ゝ, [〱](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40805/5010), ...) except 々. (If I understand correctly, these symbols have never been officially standardized nor banned by the government.)\n\n * Increased acceptance of ら抜き of ichidan potential forms (食べれる, 見れる, ...)\n\n * Increased acceptance of `i-adjective + です` (嬉しいです, よかったです, ...) and the decline of ～うございます. See: [Conjugating present and past negative i-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68964/5010)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T01:30:48.237", "id": "94649", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T08:56:50.593", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T08:56:50.593", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94644", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "If you mean by \"syntax\" basic structures of the language and fundamental rules\nof how you construct a sentence (like the subject-object-verb order), I'd say\nnothing has changed. Most languages don't change at the fundamental level in\n70 years, or in the lifetime of a person.\n\nThat said, which grammatical words and constructions are preferred have\nchanged in some cases, especially in spoken Japanese. Off the top of my head,\nin negation constructions, ないです is a much more acceptable alternative to ありません\nthan it was, and -ぬ (as in 足らぬ) became less preferred over -ない (as in 足りない).\nYou hear less いかに and いかなる for \"how\" and \"what\", more どう/どのように and どんな. I'm\nsure there are many more examples like these. The old words like these can\nstill be spoken, and maybe part of set phrases in some cases, but they\ngenerally add an old-fashioned tone to how you speak. (Not too unlike how\n\"thou\" and \"thee\" may sound in English, I think.)\n\nThere is a famous song starting with 兎追いしかの山. This would be 兎を追ったあの山 (\"the\nmountain where I chased after rabbits\") in today's Japanese. Children learn\nthis song in school and may misunderstand 追いし as 美味し(い), because the 追いし form\nof the verb 追う is simply not used any more.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T03:43:35.377", "id": "94650", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T09:39:47.003", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T09:39:47.003", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94644", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "一般的には、送り仮名をわかりやすくするために **入** （その漢字の読み方） + **る** （送り仮名）と辞書に書くことが多いです。\n送り仮名の表記方法として「・」が使われます。 今回の例ですと、入（漢）・る（送）です。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T14:01:00.010", "id": "94656", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T14:01:00.010", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94648", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "# Assuming you're **not** literally asking for the \"subject\" (as in\nsubject/predicate):\n\n_Apparently this was a totally wrong assumption_\n\n* * *\n\nSometimes it's challenging to identify the subject in such construct. But this\none is easy - it's the 眼鏡, because \"かけてもらった\" works against a pair of 眼鏡 better\nthan against 瞳:\n\n* * *\n\n> 先ほどかけてもらった眼鏡越しに見える瞳は、心なしか憂いを帯びているようにも見える。\n\nThe eye(s) (I can) see through the glasses that (someone) put (on him/her),\nkinda seems to possess sadness.\n\n * What did someone put on her? Answer: Someone put **眼鏡** on her.\n * What seems to possess sadness? Answer: The **瞳** seems to possess sadness.\n\n* * *\n\nExpressions like\n[目にかける](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/77150/%e3%81%8a%e7%9b%ae%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8b%e3%81%91%e3%81%be%e3%81%99%e3%81%ae%e3%81%af-\nis-it-correct) or 目をかける do exist, but the context and the existence of 眼鏡\ndecreases the probability of 瞳 being the subject of かける to near zero.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T05:42:48.387", "id": "94652", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T15:07:20.647", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T15:07:20.647", "last_editor_user_id": "48366", "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The subject of かけてもらう is neither 瞳 nor 眼鏡 but **the speaker** (\"I\"). The\nspeaker probably asked her to wear the glasses before this scene (先ほど), and\nthat was beneficial to the speaker (the speaker may be a 眼鏡好き).\n\n> (私は彼女に)眼鏡をかけてもらった。 \n> I had her put on glasses. \n> She put on glasses (for me).\n>\n> **(私が彼女に)** 先ほどかけてもらった眼鏡 \n> the glasses **I** had **her** put on a moment ago\n>\n> (私が彼女に)先ほどかけてもらった眼鏡越しに見える瞳 \n> her eyes I can see through the glasses I had her put on a moment ago\n\nNote: Looks like there are only two people in this scene, but technically\nspeaking, if there is a third person who likes meganekko, the subject of\nかけてもらう could be that third person.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T07:38:51.387", "id": "94653", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T08:19:45.993", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T08:19:45.993", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "質問者様が何かの本か漫画などでこのフレーズを読み質問したのだと仮定して、回答させていただきます。\n\n一般的に日本語で「腕前」と言う意味はその人の力量を表すものであり、その人の技量、強さ、熟練度などを表す単語として使われることが多いです。\n\nですので漫画などでも、そのキャラクターの「腕前」、敵の「腕前」のように相手の強さを表すスラングとして使われています。\n\n今回の質問である「俺の腕前がわかったろう。」と言う文章でも、何かの人物が自分の技力を見せつけ吐き捨てるときに使われたものだと推測します。\n\n**例文：**\n\n・彼の剣道の腕前は日本一だ。\n\n・彼女の武道の腕前は強い。\n\n・このチームの腕前は世界でも上位を争う", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T19:31:12.917", "id": "94659", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T19:31:12.917", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94657", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "まずはあなたの１つ目に出てきた単語\n\n> 続けられない\n\nの意味をご存知でしょうか？ 続けられないと言うのは「これ以上続けることが不可能」と言う意味で使われます。\n\nそして、二個目に出てきた単語であり本題の\n\n> 続けられなく\n\nの意味を説明します。\n\n意味はあなたが質問しているように「続けられなく」と単語単体の意味はほとんど同じようなですが、\n\n今回あなたが質問しているような「 **それ以上その姿勢を続けられなくなった** 」と「 **それ以上その姿勢を続けられない**\n」のように文章に当てはめて見ると少し違いが出てきます。\n\n本来、「続けられない」と言うのは **その人の意志**\nでこれ以上続けることが不可能だと判断した場合に、本人がその言葉を発する、またはその状況を知っている周りの人がその人の意志を説明する場合に使います。\n\n日常会話だと「 **これ以上続けられない** よ〜だってこれ難しいもん」などの様な会話を聞いたことがありませんか？（笑）\n\n対して「続けられなく」と言うのは **周りの状況により** 続けるのが困難になった場合によく使われます。\n\nもしくは、本人は続けたいという意思があるにも関わらず本人の体の状況もしくは他のなにかの理由でやむを得ず続けるのを取りやめなければいけなくなった時などにも使われます。\n\nしかし、前述したとおりこれらの意味は殆ど同じであり\n\nそれ以上その姿勢を続けられなくなった と\n\nそれ以上その姿勢を続けられない\n\nを両方使ってもそれぞれ伝わる趣旨は殆ど同じです。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T19:45:03.077", "id": "94660", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T19:58:29.507", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T19:58:29.507", "last_editor_user_id": "51381", "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94658", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "The last component of 続けられなくなった is the verb なる, which is an intransitive verb\nthat describes change, like “become” in English. When it is used with an\nい-adjective, the final い of the adjective is changed to く.\n\n> 大き **く** なる\n\nWhile 続けられない is a verb form, namely the ない-form, it conjugates the same way as\nい-adjectives.\n\nCompare:\n\n> 大き **い** \n> 大き **くない** \n> 大き **かった** \n> 大き **くなかった** \n> 大き **くて** \n> 大き **ければ**\n\n> しな **い** \n> しな **くない** \n> しな **かった** \n> しな **くなかった** \n> しな **くて** \n> しな **ければ**\n\n(I included double-negatives above just to show their forms. Don’t worry about\ntheir meanings.)\n\nThis rule applies before なる, too.\n\n> 大き **く** なる\n\n> しな **く** なる\n\nThe part before なる indicates the post-change state. 続けられなくなった, therefore,\nmeans that such a change happened that you are no longer able to continue\n(続けられない) whatever you were doing before that change.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T05:42:32.050", "id": "94672", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T05:42:32.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94658", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "「〇〇として」と言う意味は、一般的には「 **〜であるものと見て** 」や「 **それ相応の価値で何らかのアクションを起こしている**\n(それがその人のやるべきことである）」などの意味で使われることが多いです。\n\n英語だと`as`などの単語で表現できるかと思われます。\n\n一般的には以下の様なスラングで使われています。\n\n**例文：**\n\n・彼は医師 **として** この病院に配属している。\n\n・救急隊 **として** この使命を果たす。\n\n・絶対に倒して見せる。戦士 **として** 。\n\n* * *\n\n対して、「〇〇のように」の意味は **あるものを比較して、それと類似性があることを示す** 時によく使われるスラングです。 他にも、ある物事を他の物に\n**例えて** 表現したいときに使われます。(`simile`)\n\n英語ですと`〜like`などの単語で表現できます。\n\n**例文：**\n\n・彼女はチーターの **ように** 足が早い。\n\n・彼はアインシュタインの **ように** 頭がいい。\n\n・いいだろう!! 今度は木っ端微塵にしてやる!! あの地球人の **ように**!!!\n\n* * *\n\nちなみにこれらの単語の３つ目の例文は漫画で実際に使われたことのあるスラング、またはよく似たようなスラングが使われるものです。\n\n漫画や日常会話で使いたいなら３つ目の様な使い方も覚えておくと日本語力がグッと上がります。", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T22:12:17.903", "id": "94662", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T22:12:17.903", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94661", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "今回あなたが訪ねている\n\n> 平穏とは消耗を以て代わりに成す\n\nと言うのは直訳するとあなたが翻訳したような文章になっていますが、確かに英語にしてみると少し変です。\n\nなぜならこの表現の仕方が日常単語などではあまり無く、どちらかというとこの様な「vocaloid」の歌詞などでよく使われる独特な表現方法です。\n\nほとんどのボーカロイドにはストーリーや何かしらの意味があり、こういう歌詞もその設定上でその物語や出来事を語っている、もしくは説明しているときによく使われます。\n\nこの「ロウワー」が表現しているストーリーなどからこの歌詞の意味を推測してみましょう。\n\nおそらくいくつかの既存の考察から推測する限り「平穏とは消耗を以て代わりに成す」の意味はここでは、「平穏」は心を「消耗」した先にあるもの…と歌っているようです。\n\nつまり、「平穏」と言うのは心を消耗しないと（減らさないと）得ることができない物だよ、と言う意味です。\n\n前後の歌詞を見てみても、おそらくこういった意味が正しいかと思われます。\n\n> まだ誰も知らない感覚で救われていく \n> 平穏とは消耗を以て代わりに成す \n> 実際はどうも変わりはなく \n> 享楽とは嘘で成る \n> 「綻ぶ前にここを出ていこうか」と....", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T22:36:14.543", "id": "94665", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T22:36:14.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "**\" Aを以て【もって】Bとなす\"** is a fairly archaic-sounding, or\n[kanbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun)-style, construction meaning \"to\nregard A as B\". For example, the first sentence of the [Seventeen-article\nConstitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeen-article_constitution)\nsays 以和爲貴, or 和を以て貴しとなす (\"Regard harmony/peace as being precious.\").\n\nThus, 平穏とは消耗を以て代わりに成す means \"as for 平穏, one regards 消耗 as an alternative\", or\n\"消耗 can be regarded as a replacement of 平穏\". (に is being used instead of と,\nbut in this context it doesn't matter much.) In other words, the sentence is\nsaying (in a very roundabout and pompous manner) that 平穏 (\"tranquility;\npeacefulness; calmness\") and 消耗 (\"exhaustion; dissipation\") are effectively\nsynonymous to the speaker. Simply put, \"(my) being quiet means being tired\" or\n\"I am quiet because I am exhausted\". After reading the [entire\nlyrics](https://www.lyrical-nonsense.com/lyrics/nulut/lower/), you can see the\nperson in the song is so disappointed and tired that he has lost the will to\nsay things loudly (or take any proactive action whatsoever).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T00:36:23.347", "id": "94670", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T12:37:00.447", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-25T12:37:00.447", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "いいと思います。意味は十分伝わります。\n\nしかし強いてこの文章を改善するなら、\n\n> 2年間JLPT N3に合格するのは私の目標だった\n\nのところを\n\n> 2年間JLPT N3に合格するの **が** 私の目標だった\n\nのように変更したら良いかと思われます。\n\n言い換えると、「2年間の間、”JLPT N3に合格する”という事が目標だった」と言うことなので。\n\n* * *\n\n他にも、（これは完全に私の感覚に過ぎませんが）「だった」と「でも」を組み合わせるより\n\n> 〜私の目標だった。でも１２月に合格して〜\n\nを\n\n> 〜私の目標でした。しかし１２月に合格して〜\n\nのようにすればよりネイティブからしたらよりキレイな日本語に聞こえると思います。\n\nしかし「でした」や「しかし」は一般的に言う **敬語** の部類に入るので、話し言葉で話したい場合は\n\n> 〜私の目標だった。 **だけど** １２月に合格して〜\n\nの様な使い方をすれば良いと思います。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-24T22:50:25.037", "id": "94666", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T22:50:25.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94664", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "世界広しといえど means \"even though (people say) the world is vast\".\n\nAs you have noticed, ど and ども are interchangeable. Both are conjunctions in\nclassical Japanese meaning _though_ or _although_. Therefore, the modern\nequivalent of いえど is いっても (but not いえば).\n\n * ～といえど = ～といえども = ～といっても \nalthough people say ～ \neven though people say ～\n\n * ～といえば \nif people say ～ \nspeaking of ～\n\nThese are very different and should not be mixed. The subject of this いう is\nthe general public. You probably know ～という by itself can mean \"people say ～\",\n\"they say ～\" or \"it is said that ～\". (Note that the literal meaning of\n\"(people) say\" is often umimportant in the といえど construction. You can often\ntranslate this like \"even if it's ～\".)\n\nNote that ～といえど is a very bookish expression (similar to _albeit_ ), but\n世界広しといえど is more of a set expression that may occur in conversation.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T00:58:04.577", "id": "94671", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T03:03:21.660", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-25T03:03:21.660", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94667", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "これは本当にあなたが抜き取った正しい文章なのですか？\n\nこの文章は少し変に見えます。`〇〇や`と言うふうに付けるなら話の対象が２つであるはずです。\n\n**例：**\n\n汚れやホコリの匂いする\n\n* * *\n\nそしてそれ以前に「匂いする」と言う表現の仕方に少し違和感を感じます。 本来の正しい言い方なら「匂いがする」のハズです。\n\nおそらく昔の言い方かなにかだと思われます。\n\n（古い言い方なら〇〇の匂いあり。的な言い方をすると思いますが）", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T00:01:15.290", "id": "94669", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T00:01:15.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "Thanks to your second screenshot, the mystery is solved - It's just a typo.\n\nThe translated sentence should be:\n\n> 汚れや苔{こけ}の匂いがする...\n\nThat witch probably put the moss (or some sort of lichens) and some\nalchemical/magical materials to their cauldron, which is now source of the\nsmell.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-26T01:49:47.357", "id": "94695", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-26T01:49:47.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45272", "parent_id": "94668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "# Japanese\n\n今回の場合の1つ目の例である\n\n> 面白い漫画じゃありません\n\nの意味は、「面白い」と言う修飾子を「じゃありません」と言う単語によってその言葉の意味を **打ち消し** ています。\n\n対して、2つ目の例である\n\n> 面白くない漫画\n\nと言うのは、打ち消しなどを使わず「面白くない」と言う単語を最初から使うことで、\n\n「 **よりそれを直球に、わかりやすく** 」伝えています。\n\nそして本題の2つの違いですが、こちらは前述したような単語の違いはあるものの、伝わる意味は殆ど同じです。 ただ、どちらかというと「 **面白くない漫画**\n」のほうが「 **面白い漫画じゃない** 」よりも聞いたときにネガティブな印象を捉えます\n\n# English\n\nThe first example in this case,\n\n> 面白い漫画じゃありません\n\nmeans the use of negation cancels out the word \"面白い\".\n\nAnd in the second example in this case,\n\n> 面白くない漫画\n\nmeans by using the word \"面白くない\" from the beginning, instead of using\nstrikethroughs, etc., it conveys the message \"more directly and plainly.\n\nBy using the word \"面白くない\" from the beginning without using strike-throughs,\netc., it conveys the message \"more directly and clearly.\n\nThe difference between the two is that the meaning conveyed is almost the\nsame, despite the aforementioned differences in vocabulary.\n\nAnd now to the main issue of the difference between the two. Although there\nare some differences in vocabulary as mentioned above, the meaning conveyed\nhere is almost the same. However, if anything, \"面白くない漫画\" captures a more\nnegative impression when heard than \"面白い漫画じゃない”.\n\nIf I said not fluent English please tell me", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T11:46:14.580", "id": "94675", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T15:23:13.560", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-25T15:23:13.560", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94674", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I guess, it's the same difference as the difference between \"This isn't an\ninteresting manga\" and \"This is uninteresting manga\". Or to put it differently\n- the difference is the scope of negation - does it negate entire sentence\n(first one) or adjective only (second one).\n\nI don't know which one is more common/natural-sounding.\n\nUpdate: answer by @Qwj_38 seems to suggest that これは面白くないマンガです。 conveys\nstronger emotions. I guess, once again, the same as English. And at the same\ntime it's more natural", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T12:02:02.073", "id": "94676", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T12:10:56.963", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-25T12:10:56.963", "last_editor_user_id": "39017", "owner_user_id": "39017", "parent_id": "94674", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "これは6月〜9月の量を表しています。\n\nその対象に値するだけの量を表すときに、このスラングが使われます。\n\n> This represents the amount from June to September. \n> This slang is used to describe as much as the subject deserves.\n\n**例：** (Example:)\n\n今月分のお米(Rice quantity **for** this month)\n\n今週分のお金(Money **for** this week)\n\n* * *", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T14:21:03.437", "id": "94682", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T14:21:03.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "６－９月 per se works, but it lacks the nuance of _quota_ conveyed by 分.\n\nSimply put,\n\n * 6-9月分の補助金 means _subsidy that are paid as the amount corresponding to June-September_\n * 6-9月の補助金 means _subsidy that were supposed to be paid in June-September_.\n\nI'm not sure the English correctly expresses the difference, but somehow (to\nme) without 分 it sounds like the money that should be regularly paid but was\nleft unpaid. In the given sentence, 6-9月分 sounds more natural.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T14:21:46.040", "id": "94683", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T14:31:39.183", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-25T14:31:39.183", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "To give a bit more background on the other answers:\n\nDepending on context, 分 is glossed a lot of ways. But from what I can tell,\nthe _most fundamental_ meaning is \"portion\", i.e., an amount that was split\noff, divided and allocated from a whole, for a particular purpose. An amount\nthat fulfills a quota, if you prefer.\n\n分 as a unit of time metaphorically derives from that, in that it's a\nsubdivision of an hour. (Compare the English noun _minute_ as a unit of time,\nto the adjective _minute_ , with different pronunciation, meaning \"small\".)\n\n分 as in the verb 分かる derives from the sense that a complex thing becomes\nunderstandable when broken down into its constituent parts. (Compare the\nEnglish verb _parse_ ).\n\nIn other contexts, it can be used to represent rough fractions; especially\n1/10 (see idioms like 十分 for \"enough\" - i.e., a full ten parts out of ten; the\nrequirement is satisfied, or 五分五分 comparable to English \"fifty-fifty\").\n\nHere, then, the sense is \"quota\" or \"allocation\"; the amount _corresponds to_\nthe June-September period, rather than simply being due at some point in that\ninterval. (For example, the amount of 補助金 might have been calculated based on\nexpected losses during that period otherwise.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T23:24:31.567", "id": "94693", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T23:24:31.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "627", "parent_id": "94677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "う can mean simple future.\n\n> ７ 実現の可能性がある意を表す。「足の遅い彼が一着になろうはずがない」→よう\n>\n> [大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%86/#jn-17145)\n\nHere it means _it is **impossible there will be** any chance of winning_.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T14:13:32.940", "id": "94681", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T14:13:32.940", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94678", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Generally called \"なまり（namari)\" or \"dialect,\" \"にゃ(nya)\" is not a common word\nand may be used in very casual situations between friends.\n\n**Please note that it may be considered rude to use it in business\nsituations.**\n\n\"な(na)\" has almost the same meaning as \"にゃ,\" but is more formal than \"にゃ\".\n\nIt can be used in business situations and is not considered rude.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T14:36:16.233", "id": "94684", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T14:36:16.233", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94679", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "させていただきます does work as a translation of _I would like to_ , but only in some\ncases. E.g. I would like to start the presentation = プレゼンを始めさせていただきます.\n\nIt is a humble form for _I will do something_ , literally something like _Let\nme take the honor of -ing_ and won't fit in case of asking how to.\n\nPolite way of asking include\n\n * どうやって再度支払するか **ご存じですか** ( _Perhaps do you know..._ )\n * どうやって再度支払するか **教えていただけますか** ( _Would you tell me..._ )\n * どうやって再度支払するか **教えてください** ( _Please tell me..._ )\n\nThe basic pattern should be {どうやって,\nどのように}...{するか、すればいいか}{ご存じですか、教えてください、教えていただけますか}. In normal conversations\nどうやって...するか教えてください is usually polite enough.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T21:51:52.490", "id": "94690", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T21:51:52.490", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94685", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The letter \"&\" is indeed used in the sense of \"and\" (to join) the two words as\nyou say.\n\nIt is not that this symbol is particularly impolite or non-native.\n\nHowever, if you use it at the \"university\" you are talking about, it might be\nconsidered a bit \"impolite\" by the professor or teacher.\n\nRather than being impolite, this symbol is rather informal and is used for\nmessages between friends, not for school documents.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T20:18:34.387", "id": "94687", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T20:18:34.387", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, your spelling is perfectly correct. Nice.\n\n> ラーメンバー\n\nBut I think \"ラーメン店\" or \"ラーメン〇〇（something name）\" would be suitable name fot the\nsign.\n\nBecause\n\n> バー\n\nis look like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2czYI.png)\n\nbar is little formal naturaly.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T20:32:36.660", "id": "94689", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T20:32:36.660", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94688", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I guess you better separate the questions.\n\nHere are brief answers.\n\nA. Some ambiguities are inevitable. For を使った例文, it reads more like _examples\n**using**_. In most cases, implied subjects do not matter or are obvious from\nthe context. And there are cases there is no implied subject, that is, the\nmodified noun is the subject of the preceding clause where the verb is\nintransitive: 転んだ子供 = a child who fell.\n\nB. For the 接続する example, it is a bit unnatural because inanimate subjects are\nmuch rarer in Japanese than in Western languages (though it is contrary to the\nabove 例文 uses saseru). Using passive will sound more natural: 自動的に接続されます\n\nFor 終了する, it can be both transitive/intransitive but the particular case is\nintransitive due to the lack of object (marked with を).\n\nC. 悲しいときの時/日 does not work. 悲しい時 is fine and _for whom_ is understood by\ncontexts or by adding _Xにとって_ which sounds a little wordy. 私が悲しい日 is\ngrammatically fine, but not idiomatic by itself.\n\nD. It is a noun. There are a variety of them that can be used as verbs by\nappending する. See\n[this](http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90618/1/4_Huang.pdf) for\nexample.\n\n* * *\n\nAll your questions are about subtle points. If the above does not resolve your\nquestions, I'd suggest to repost them separately, possibly with some more\nexamples.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-25T23:13:58.930", "id": "94692", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-25T23:13:58.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94691", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This is the Japanese version of uptalk. So it’s more about intonation than\npitch accent.\n\nWhen pronounced individually, those words are でてくる{HLLL}, かみさまが{HLLLL}, and\nそのほかに{LHLLL}. When combined, でてくる and かみさまが become でてくるかみさまが{HLLLLLLLL}.\nHowever, she raises pitch at the end of each word making it sound almost like\nでてくるかみさまが{HLLHLLLLH}. She does the same with そのほかに to make it sound like\nそのほかに{LHLLH}.\n\nHowever, I noticed that she said チャンネルは{LLLLHL} in the beginning of the video,\ntwice, and this does sound like a dialectal accent.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-26T03:39:45.723", "id": "94697", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-26T03:39:45.723", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94696", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "This is basically a light form of 語尾上げ, which is an intonation phenomenon\n(used for leading into following phrases when the speaker is casually\nspeaking), not pitch accent.\n\nYou are basically hearing it correctly (aside from そのほか{LHLL}), but you should\nnot store such intonation rises as lexical information, compared to the pitch\naccent which is lexical and should be stored as part of the word in your head.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-26T03:40:37.783", "id": "94698", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-26T03:40:37.783", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94696", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "はい、そうです。 あなたが言っているように、この表現は許可を持っているかを聞くときに使います。\n\n他にも、何かをすることは可能か？（英語だと`Can I do〜 `）同じ意味です。\n\nYes, it is. \nAs you say, this expression is used to ask if you have a permission.\n\n* * *\n\n**例：** (Examples:)\n\n * そのお水を飲んでもいいですか？(Can I drink the water?)\n\n * これをもらってもいいですか？(Can I keep this? OR Can I have this?)\n\n * ゲームをしてもいいですか？（Can I play game?)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-26T11:48:10.107", "id": "94703", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T01:31:41.623", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-27T01:31:41.623", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "51381", "parent_id": "94699", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Yes your sentence is correct, but it may be natural to use が here:\n\n> 彼女がここでタバコを吸ってもいいですか？ \n> Is it okay if she smokes here?\n\nThis is because 彼女 belongs to a subordinate clause (ても-clause), where the\nsubject is not topicalized with は.\n\nは is appropriate when a contrastive-は is intended or when \"she\" needs to be\nemphasized as the topic of the entire sentence somehow. For example:\n\n> 彼女はここでタバコを吸ってもいいですか？ \n> (Smoking is basically prohibited here but she may be special, so) can _she_\n> smoke here? \n> (Now let's talk about her next,) can she smoke here?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T01:30:13.750", "id": "94707", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T01:30:13.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94699", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "# Short Answer\n\nYes, no problem.\n\n* * *\n\n# Variances\n\n\"Asking\" includes several intentions. Verification, validation, confirmation,\nand so on. Depending on such subtle nuance, you may want to insert an \"ん\" in\nyour example sentence.\n\nUsing the exact same English phrase for all the following scenarios may not be\nthe best choice, but I'll try sticking with _\" Can/may that woman smoke\n(cigarettes) here?\"_ for each case. Note that they're all casual conversation\n- not rude, not formal. Consider the likes of よい or 問題ない when looking for\nformality.\n\n## I'd say **彼女はここでタバコを吸ってもいいですか?** for:\n\n### Yes or no question\n\nYou don't know the rules, don't really care about the general rules, and you\njust want to ask if that woman is allowed to smoke, before she lights it up -\n_Can/may that woman smoke (cigarettes) here?_\n\n* * *\n\n## I'd say **彼女はここでタバコを吸ってもいいんですか？** for:\n\n### Wait! **Can** she?\n\nThe next day, you notice that woman is enjoying her smoke near a fire hazard\nsign. Assuming she's violating the rules, you want to warn her so she don't\nget in trouble. But before you act, you want to verify your assumption -\n_Can/may that woman smoke (cigarettes) here?_\n\nor\n\n### What? Can **she**?\n\nInspired by her, you start smoking too. One day, you were told that you are\nnot allowed to smoke there. But nobody complains when **she** smokes. You\nthink it's unfair, and would like to challenge the situation - _Can/may that\nwoman smoke (cigarettes) here?_", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T02:47:02.180", "id": "94710", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T02:47:02.180", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94699", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The same rule applies and only Example 2 is possible. [This\narticle](https://oiu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=94&item_no=1&attribute_id=18&file_no=1)\nseems to be relevant as regards choosing tense in a relative clause.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-26T11:41:07.800", "id": "94702", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-26T11:41:07.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94700", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "When you use the non-past (a.k.a present) tense to say something **was** going\nto happen, you, as the speaker, is standing at a reference point in the past\nand looking towards the future from that point. That's what the perspective in\nrelative tense is like. The time expression should also be relative to the\nsame reference point, if not absolute.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 次の週にテストを受け **る** 学生は来ませんでした。\n\n> 月曜日にテストを受け **る** 学生は来ませんでした。\n\n次の週 is not \"next week\" with no article but \"the next week\" or \"the following\nweek\" relative to a past reference point.\n\nWhether 月曜日 is \"absolute\" is debatable, but it's certainly different from\nexpressions like 昨日 and 先週 as it directly points to a specific date (within\nwhat you might call a \"reference window\" centering around either reference\npoint, though). If the listener doesn't know which Monday, that's another\nissue.\n\nTime expressions like 昨日 and 先週, on the other hand, are always relative to the\ntime of the utterance. If the time expression refers to the past, you are\nlooking back from that point. The tense of the verb should also be matching\nthis perspective. That means only your second sentence is correct.\n\n> 先週テストを受け **た** 学生は洪水で遅刻しました。\n\nBut a little problem arises here. What if the students couldn't take the exam?\nWe cannot say 受けた in that case.\n\nWell, you still need to use the past tense, somehow.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 先週テストを受けるはずだっ **た** 学生は洪水で遅刻しました。\n>\n> 先週テストを受けることになってい **た** 学生は洪水で遅刻しました。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T02:19:46.160", "id": "94709", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T02:35:19.717", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-27T02:35:19.717", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94700", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "They are saying ほんとうだよ{LHHHHL} in both examples, and it sounds natural.\n\nIntonation is extremely important with sentence-ending particles like よ.\nDifferent intonations convey completely different messages. When you gently\ntell someone that something you have just discussed is true, you would keep it\nhigh like ほんとうだよ{LHHHHH}.\n\nほんとうだよ{LHHHLL} sounds like a bit awkward variation of ほんとうだよ{LHHHHL}.\n\nほんとうだよ{HLLLLL} sounds completely off, by the way.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T01:48:50.053", "id": "94708", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T01:48:50.053", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94705", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "[This site](https://cancam.jp/archives/566871) in its explanation of the term\n卍 mentions 「 **マジ卍** 」 is something of a set phrase.\n\n> ここ最近（最近でもないかもしれないし、もはや速攻で死語のカテゴリに入れられているかもしれない）、特に10代を中心に「 **マジ卍**\n> 」という謎の言葉が出てきましたね。\n\nIt further lists the phrase's possible meaning as per people surveyed who\nclaimed to its users:\n\n> (1)「ヤバい」同様、オールマイティに何かと使える \n> 「ヤバいと同じくらい、なんでも使えるオールマイティな言葉。明日レポート提出だわ、ノータッチ、まじ卍。とか、そんな感じで使う」（20歳・学生） \n> 「なんでも使えると思う。テストまじ卍とか」（21歳・学生） \n> 「ヤバいとき。驚いたときなどに使う」（29歳・専業主婦） \n> 「いい意味でも悪い意味でも、ヤバい、と同じような感じで、まじ卍、と使います」（25歳・会社員）\n>\n> (2)特に意味はない \n> 「なんとなくでつけているもの。だるいときや面倒なとき」（25歳・会社員） \n> 「意味は特にないと思っている。言い表せない言葉のとき使う」（23歳・会社員） \n> 「特に意味はない、流れでうわ～まじ卍だわ～などと使う」（24歳・学生）\n>\n> (3)テンションが上がるとき使う \n> 「漠然と何かしらテンションが上がることや、イケイケな様子、状態。イケイケな人たちを差して『あの人たち超卍系』などと使う」（18歳・学生） \n> 「テンションが上がること。ライブがもうすぐ始まるとか、まじ卍だね！ といった感じです」（23歳・公務員）\n\nBoth (1) and (3) are applicable in your case. There are a number of similarly\nversatile words that younger generations use in a huge variety of vastly\ndifferent situations: やばい, えぐい, きつい, すごい, etc.\n\nAnd マジ comes from 真面目, and also occurs in forms like マジで, マジに, etc. It's often\ninterchangeable in a lot of contexts with 本当(に), ホント(に), ホンマ(に), ガチ(で). Some\nof these words were originally dialectal but are now/were previously making\nthe rounds among young people.\n\nIn your context マジ卍 just means something to the effect of \"You are so awesome\"\nor \"You are so freaking badass\" etc. I don't think \"based\" is a good\ntranslation. \"Dope af\" sounds okay. From what I gather from what little\ncontext you include in your question the speaker seems to use it as _both_ a\ncompliment (褒め言葉) and as something they say because they are in awe in a not-\nso-good sense and are left speechless. In that case, \"You are so freaking\nbadass\" would work as well if not better, in my humble opinion.\n\nAll of these are what's known as 若者言葉・若者語 (young people words/language), which\nmeans you will hear it used mostly by people in their teens and 20s. I doubt\nyou will hear it often in the workplace and other professional settings, if at\nall. I get a sense that people in their mid to late-20s start to gradually\nwean themselves off 若者言葉 in their transition to proper 社会人.\n\nAlso, this is purely subjective, but in my observation, マジ卍 already seems to\nbe quickly falling out of use. It has a strong 2016/17-ish feel to it. Now\nyou'd more likely hear えぐい or older terms like やばい.", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T06:31:43.110", "id": "94712", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T06:37:01.830", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-27T06:37:01.830", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "94711", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "In general, you cannot expect lines from a movie to be translated literally\nand consistently like an scientific article. In particular, subtitles tend to\nbe simplified aggressively. Even if the translation of some word seems\ninconsistent, it is quite possible that there is no deep reason for that.\n\nIf there _is_ a reason, it may be because the meaning of 愛 is narrower in\nJapanese. 愛 is a purely intangible concept, and it does not refer directly to\na person. \"He's my true love\" may be a valid expression in English, but\n彼は私の真実の愛だ sounds funny in Japanese. 恋 and 愛 are [different\nconcepts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58351/5010) in Japanese, and\nthe latter is an uncommon word in a story like _Kaguya-sama_. I know almost\nnothing about this movie, but uttering a grandiose word like 真実の愛 many times\nwhile thinking of a specific person may sound a bit like a daydreamer or\nchūnibyō. I won't be surprised if the translator decided to replace some\ninstances of \"true love\" to 運命の人 to make them sound more natural in Japanese.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T03:45:50.943", "id": "94725", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T08:54:41.927", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-28T08:54:41.927", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94713", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "# Problem\n\n> ミイちゃんのかいしゃはどちらですか\n\nThis actually could be used to ask for the location. But as you mentioned, it\ncould also mean \"Which company do you belong (work) in?\" So here are some\nalternatives:\n\n* * *\n\n# Alternatives\n\n## ミイちゃんのかいしゃはどちらにありますか\n\n_Where does ミイちゃんのかいしゃ exist?_\n\n * This will **not** mean \"Which company do you belong (work) in?\"\n * This could mean either \"Where\" (absolute) or \"Which direction\" (relative).\n * This works for companies, countries, and schools.\n\n* * *\n\n## ミイちゃんのかいしゃのばしょはどちらですか\n\n## ミイちゃんのかいしゃのばしょはどちらにありますか\n\n_Where is the location of ミイちゃんのかいしゃ？_\n\n * This will **not** mean \"Which company do you belong (work) in?\"\n * This could mean either \"Where\" (absolute) or \"Which direction\" (relative).\n * This works for companies, countries, and schools.\n\n* * *\n\n## ミイちゃんのかいしゃのじゅうしょはどちらですか\n\n_Where is the address of ミイちゃんのかいしゃ？_\n\n * This works for companies and schools, but **not** for countries.\n\n* * *\n\n# じゅうしょ and しょざいち\n\nじゅうしょ means address, and it's a common word. However actually, じゅうしょ is an\naddress for people to live in, such as houses. For company address, the\ncorrect term would be しょざいち. But practically, most people just use じゅうしょ even\nfor company addresses.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T16:43:43.583", "id": "94719", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T16:43:43.583", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48366", "parent_id": "94718", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Actually, you would translate this sentence without a subject. As strange as\nthis sounds, this is actually what I find most natural.\n\n> Japanese is hard because, (you) are often not sure on 100% what (they) are\n> talking about, unless (you) understand the context.\n\n> 日本語が難しいのは、コンテクストを知らなかったら、人の話が完全にわかるわけじゃないから。\n\nOf course the wording will change from person to person, but you can see that\nwithout a subject this is completely say-able. As for the \"they\" you can\nsimply use 人, 他の人, 他人{たにん} or 別の人.\n\nAs a side note, when I absolutely have to address someone by the second\npronoun, I'd pick one of these four based on the situation and our\nrelationship. From most respectful(to stranger or someone higher) to least\ndisrespectful(to friends, especially when I'm scolding them).\n\nあなた ＞ あんた ＞ 君 ＞ お前\n\nOccasionally with friends when I'm angry or joking I'd also use てめ or 貴様. It's\nnot a hard and fast rule, but most sentences would go more natural without a\npronoun.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-27T23:26:47.807", "id": "94723", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-27T23:26:47.807", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "94722", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "> What are some common ways of generalizing statements?\n\n * You can add adverbs like 一般に and 普通 to indicate that you are generalizing something. (This is kind of similar to how you can add 'tomorrow' 'soon' to make it clear that you are talking about future even if verbs don't have grammatical future tense.)\n * You can omit the subject sometimes to the same effect, although it can be ambiguous because it's also common that the lack of a subject means the particular sentence has inherited the subject from the previous sentence (which might well be \"I\", \"he\" or whatever).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T02:41:17.670", "id": "94724", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T02:41:17.670", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94722", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "[いけない](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%84%E3%81%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/#je-2990)\nmeans _bad, wrong_. いけねえ is a colloquial variant and the first いけね is a light\nexclamation similar to English _My bad_ or just _Oops_ meaning the speaker\nmade some mistake. いけね can be used only as an interjection.\n\n知覚同調は無線と勝手が違っていけない literally means \"知覚同調 is not good, being different from\nradio communication in terms of\n[勝手](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B/#je-12857)\". So\nsimply put, without 勝手 it sounds like \"知覚同調 is categorically bad in contrast\nto (good) radio communication\".\n\n勝手 is a word very hard to translate (as easily seen in the examples of the\ndefinition linked above), but means something like _direction_ in a rather\nabstract sense. In the particular sentence it means something along the lines\nof \"user experience\", and the overall sentence says 知覚同調 is (at the moment)\nnot handy or harder to use since it is different from radio communication that\nthe speaker is used to.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T07:56:58.273", "id": "94727", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T07:56:58.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94726", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This is probably much less complicated than you seem to be thinking.\n\nLet’s look at this sentence first.\n\n> その店で働いている男性がテレビに出た。\n\nWhat it means is actually ambiguous. The man may be working in that store now\nor was working when he appeared in the TV show. This ambiguity is because\n働いている can be understood in either absolute tense (the former) or relative\ntense (the latter). It’s up to the listener which interpretation to choose.\n\nNow let’s look at this.\n\n> その店で **今** 働いている男性がテレビに出た。\n\nThis is no longer ambiguous because by adding 今, you eliminate the possibility\nof relative tense and thus reduce the burden on the listener. 今 means now. You\nmean that. The man is working there now. You as the speaker wouldn’t choose\nthe past tense (働いていた) to say that.\n\nNow this.\n\n> その店で **去年** 働いていた男性がテレビに出た。\n\nThis has the same effect of eliminating the possibility of relative tense.\nThis time you are specifically talking about last year. Then, why would you\nuse the present tense?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T01:01:22.610", "id": "94740", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T02:12:16.083", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-29T02:12:16.083", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "94729", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It would be most reasonable to understand it as\n\n> 壊れてしまったモノを見るように（私を見ながら）\n\nwhich is closer to your interpretation (except who is being looked at). The\nsubject is _everybody_ , so that it means _Looking at me as if they were\nlooking at broken things, everybody says it is a strange thing_. Here what is\ndescribed as strange is the speaker's ideas, behavior, etc.\n\n> 壊れてしまったモノのように見るのが\n\nwould mean _Looking at (something) as if it were broken_ and the second line\nwould mean that is the strange thing.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T22:20:33.627", "id": "94737", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T22:20:33.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94732", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This is いみてきに＼は, you are just misinterpreting it. Learners often hear ghost\naccents when speakers add \"tension\" into their voice, like is being done here.\n\nBasically, since there is so much tension coming from the emphasis he is\nputting on the phrase (i.e., he starts the phrase very very high in his vocal\nrange, with his vocal chords tensed), it would be physically difficult for him\nto exactly maintain the same pitch throughout the word, let alone do a clean\nLHHHHL (and it would sound _very_ weird if he did somehow manage to do this so\nhigh in his vocal range), so it naturally goes down in a few spots before the\naccent, but they do not sound like accents, it's just release of tension.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T23:16:05.557", "id": "94738", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T23:16:05.557", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94733", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, [1] is more common.\n\nThe page you link is from 大辞林 which tends to be very old/traditional in the\naccents it lists. You should not trust it for anything slangy like this.\n\n三省堂国語辞典 第八版 lists やっぱ as [1].", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T23:31:52.160", "id": "94739", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-28T23:31:52.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94734", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The sentences of the second pair mean the same.\n\nAs for the first pair,\n\n> あの男の人で誰が一番かっこいいですか。\n\nsounds a bit odd because without の中 it looks like a singular _that man_.\n\n> あそこの男の人で誰が一番かっこいいですか。\n\nwill be fine.\n\n* * *\n\nSome other examples (with or without の中で is fine)\n\n * ヨーロッパの国(の中)でどこか一番過ごしやすいですか? Which country is the easiest to live in Europe?\n * このクラス(の中)で誰が一番背が高いですか? Who is the tallest in this class?\n\nHere 国 or クラス is naturally understood as a realm that comparison is made.\n\nI guess your confusing has something to do with the fact that この/あの etc +\nsingular noun can be understood as the realm, but without の中, it becomes less\nobvious. In other words, の中で makes the preceding phrase a realm by meaning\n_among_ , but simply using で means _at/in_ and sounds odd.\n\nあの男の人たちの中で makes the \"guys over there\" a category, but あの男の人で doesn't. あの男の人\n**たち** で is less odd, but not completely natural. On the other hand あの映画スターで\nis more acceptable probably because 映画スター is understood as a category more\neasily.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-28T22:08:09.027", "id": "94736", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T14:29:48.547", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-29T14:29:48.547", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94735", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "・・・ことはなく、・・・いいじゃないか works and means almost the same, but it adds somewhat the\nblaming tone. In simple terms, ことはない sounds _It is not something you should\nsay in such a 大仰な way (but you do and I'm uncomfortable with it)_ while でも\nweakens the tone and sounds a bit softer. That said, semantically mostly the\nsame with or without でも.\n\nSimilarly だけ adds 'no big deal' tone to いいじゃないか and both are not that\ndifferent in meaning. It is kind of correlative with the previous でも. The\nsentence could be translated as _But you don't have to say in such a 大仰な\nmanner. Instead you just have to..._", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T13:15:48.637", "id": "94748", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T13:15:48.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94743", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, this is a common type of intonation, which you could notate as\n[まいかいぃ]{HHHHL} if you wanted.\n\nBasically there is a downward tone within the last mora, い, (which is\ndefinitely not pitch accent because pitch accents are at the mora-level, not\nsub-mora level), and it is a type of intonation used in casual speech to\nindicate that something is following the clause but the speaker is thinking\nabout it or otherwise putting in a pause or stretching the word for some\nreason. It's very closely related with 語尾上げ and often co-occurs with it\n(because you need to raise a bit to do the downward tone in the last mora).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T18:29:42.370", "id": "94753", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T18:29:42.370", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94745", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Both are great. (I tried to say something more useful, but there is not much\nelse to say, really.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-06-01T11:01:50.813", "id": "94782", "last_activity_date": "2022-06-01T11:01:50.813", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "94747", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "In both (A) and (B), 人, 人たち and 人々 are all valid options, but I feel 人たち is\nthe least common.\n\n * You cannot use 人たち as a bare phrase modified by nothing.\n * 人々 focuses on the largeness of the number of unspecified people with the same characteristics. 人たち is sometimes used as a synonym for 人々, but its primary role is to emphasize the plurality, i.e., the fact that the number is not just one. 人たち is not necessary when the plurality is indicated by another means.\n\n_People are happy:_\n\n * ✅ 人々は幸せだ。\n * ❌ 人達は幸せだ。\n * ❌ 人は幸せだ。\n\n_People in this country are happy:_\n\n * ✅ この国の人々は幸せだ。\n * ✅ この国の人たちは幸せだ。 \n(less common than the other two)\n\n * ✅ この国の人は幸せだ。 \n(everyone knows a country has more than one person, right?)\n\n_the people who were in that room a moment ago:_\n\n * ❓ さっきまであの部屋にいた人々 \n(人々 doesn't usually refer to a few random people)\n\n * ✅ さっきまであの部屋にいた人たち\n * ❓ さっきまであの部屋にいた人 \n(usually means there was only one person; 人たち is not necessary if the\nplurality is indicated like 3人の人)\n\n_the number of people who came to this concert:_\n\n * ❓ このコンサートに来た人々の数 \n(sounds redundant)\n\n * ❓ このコンサートに来た人たちの数 \n(sounds redundant)\n\n * ✅ このコンサートに来た人の数\n\n_people in Sasaki family:_\n\n * 佐々木家の人々 \n(may sound like Sasaki is a large prominent family)\n\n * 佐々木家の人たち \n(simply refers to several people in this family)\n\n * ❌ 佐々木家の人 \n(taken as a singular person)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-30T04:48:25.357", "id": "94758", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-30T04:48:25.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "94749", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "No, for the meaning of 'edge', it can never be えん.\n\nI think 缶の縁{ふち} is more common, but 縁{へり} is acceptable too.\n\n[This thesaurus entry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/15469/meaning/m0u/)\nsays\n\n> ３「縁」は、平面状のもの、あるいは立体の外周部分をいう。\n>\n> ４「へり」は、平面状のものの外周部分をいう。「縁」とも書く。\n\nAs listed there, 目の縁{ふち} is more common than 目の縁{へり}. And 机の縁{へり} is more\ncommon than 机の縁{ふち}. My impression is 縁{ふち} is more about a point along the\nedge while 縁{へり} is the edge itself. (Cf. 崖の縁{ふち}に立つ vs 畳の縁{へり}を歩いてはいけない.) But\nit is largely a matter of collocation.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T22:15:34.600", "id": "94756", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T22:15:34.600", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "94750", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Words do not raise between the first and second mora _when the second mora is\na long vowel or ン_ (unless the speaker is hyper-enunciating them). This is\nexplicitly listed as a rule in the NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 appendix.\n\nIt's very unfortunate that everyone continues to misnotate them with stuff\nlike かんたん{LHHH} but unfortunately most of the people who use that sort of\nnotation tend to not be experts. LH notation should only be used for notating\nthe fully realized pitch of a specific utterance, it is too verbose for simply\nspecifying what mora the accent is on, and people get the details like rises\nwrong when it is used for that. The dictionaries moved away from LH notation\nexactly because it has that issue (of saying too much about the pitch of each\nmora when in reality the thing associated with the lexicon entry is just the\naccent kernel).\n\nIn reality if you wanted to notate the exact pitch of the standalone\npronunciation of 簡単, it would would be something like HHMM (i.e., HHHH +\n\"sentence\"-ending intonation). Within sentences where it is followed by more\nwords it would be HHHH.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-29T18:19:50.213", "id": "94752", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-29T18:56:51.387", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-29T18:56:51.387", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "94751", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]