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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "In formal Japanese, yes, そんな is attributive (i.e., modifies a noun) and そんなに\nis adverbial (modifies a verb or an adjective). However, in very informal\nspeech, そんな can work adverbially, too. そんな睨まないでください and そんな **に** 睨まないでください\nare interchangeable, but the former sounds much more colloquial (or perhaps\nslightly childish). This type of adverbial そんな should be avoided in business\nsettings.\n\nYour examples happen to be used with negation, but it can also be used with\nnon-negative verbs. For example, you can say そんな心配なら電話して, そんな走ったら危ないよ and so\non.\n\nI have looked at several dictionaries and websites, but none of them mention\nthis directly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T01:28:03.367", "id": "98923", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T01:28:03.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98917", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Meaning-wise, (せ)ど or (せ)ども is just \"although\" or \"even though\". The biggest\ndifference from (し)ても is that it's an archaic conjunctive particle that\nbasically belongs to the grammar of classical Japanese. It's no longer a word\nactively used in modern Japanese.\n\nYou may see ど/ども in the following exceptional cases:\n\n * In _haiku_ , archaic documents, magic spells, oracles, speech of ancient deities, etc.\n * In fixed idiomatic expressions including [待てど暮らせど](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A9%E6%9A%AE%E3%82%89%E3%81%9B%E3%81%A9) (see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42724/5010), too).\n * As part of the [～といえど(も) pattern](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/94667/5010).\n * As part of the ～ども～ども pattern, as in 寝れども寝れども, in which case the nuance of \"again and again\" or \"like forever\" is implied. (Note that the original ども by itself doesn't have such a meaning.)\n * As a parody of [this famous _waka_](https://tanka-textbook.com/hatarakedo-hatarakedo/), i.e., when a joke is intended. Your 押せど押せど may be an example of this.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T00:43:37.027", "id": "98922", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T01:10:46.620", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-15T01:10:46.620", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98918", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This も is the one of emphasis (definition 3\n[here](https://jisho.org/search/mo)). It has nothing to do with how many tests\nare yet to be taken. So in this case it means \"as many as\".\n\nThe definition given is not _wrong_ , per se, but it's definitely lacking this\nemphasis. A better translation would be \"I have as many as three tests this\nmonth\", which, though correct, is not a typical way to express it in English.\nThe assumed feeling is that maybe they usually only have one, possibly two\ntests a month; but this month is three.\n\nI think to get the point across without using awkward, forced dialog, it would\nbe better understood with visual or audible emphasis. Read as \"I have\n_**three**_ tests this month!!\"; or spoken with clear emphasis on the word\n\"three\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T00:08:02.930", "id": "98920", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T00:08:02.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "78", "parent_id": "98919", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

[ { "body": "Unfortunately 殊才 with the reading ことさい is nonsensical. I believe a more normal\nterm for a superpowered individual is simply 超能力者 or エスパー, but these are just\ndictionary words.\n\nAs a meta point, you shouldn't rely on things like \"RomajiDesu\" or machine\ntranslation in general to judge what is a correct reading or a correct\ntranslation. They certainly won't give you meaningful results in case you're\ncoining new phrases.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T05:22:51.203", "id": "98927", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T05:22:51.203", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98926", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "While 異能 is a widely recognized term among people who read manga and similar\nmedia, 殊才 is not. How did you come across the word 殊才? If you simply connected\ntwo kanji that seemed fitting to you, [you should avoid doing\nso](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66128/5010). Basically it would mean\nnothing.\n\nI have read hundreds of manga, but I have never come across the word 殊才, and\ndon't even know how to read it. As for its meaning, I can _guess_ that it\nrefers to some kind of special skill, but I cannot determine whether it\napplies to someone like Shohei Ohtani, who excels in sports, or to someone\nwith supernatural abilities such as precognition or psychokinesis. The term\ndoesn't even exist in the first place, so I cannot determine what is correct,\nnor can I determine how to translate it.\n\nIf you're referring to supernatural abilities such as telekinesis or\ngenerating flames, simply use terms 超能力. If you mean a genius athlete or chess\nplayer, use phrases like 特別な才能, 天才, etc. 異能 is a word that can potentially\nrefer to both, but in recent manga, it normally refers to supernatural ones.\n\nAs an exception, professional writers sometimes create entirely new words and\nuse them in titles. However, this is a highly creative and rare endeavor by\nthose who are intimately familiar with the Japanese language. Whether such a\nnew word is good or bad cannot be objectively discussed on a site like this.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-16T02:25:49.493", "id": "98930", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-16T02:39:09.093", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-16T02:39:09.093", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98926", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "One sense of ぬ in various 琉球語 varieties simply corresponds to の.\n\nWhile I don't know for sure what さみ is, _if_ we assume it is a copula like だ,\nthen the sentence would be something like\n\n> 今年弥勒の豊穣年だ\n\nwhich seems straightforward to interpret.\n\n弥勒{みろく} is a Buddhist deity ([Maitreya\nBuddha](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E5%8B%92%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9)),\nor the Buddha of the future to come.\n\nEDIT: [This page](https://taru.ti-da.net/e619390.html) claims that さみ means\n〜なのだよ, which would fit perfectly with the above guess.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-16T22:10:42.643", "id": "98936", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-16T22:10:42.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98935", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "That と is a quotative-と which can broadly [mark\n\"contents\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/68132/5010), so the combined\nliteral meaning is something like \"without (saying/specifying) where\". どことなく\nmeans it's hard to pinpoint the cause, but you vaguely feel something. This is\ntypically used when you are observing something visually and don't know what\npart of the thing gave you such an impression.\n\nSimilar set phrases include:\n\n * なんとなく (lit. \"without (saying) what\"), なんとはなしに \n→ somehow; without any particular reason; I don't know why but ...\n\n * それとなく (lit. \"without (saying) that\") \n→ indirectly; obliquely; in a roundabout way\n\n * どこからともなく (lit. \"without (saying) from-where\") \n→ out of nowhere; I don't know where it came from but ...\n\n * いつからともなく (lit. \"without (saying) from-when\") \n→ (something happened) before I knew; without noticing\n\n * だれからともなく (lit. \"without (saying) from-who\") \n→ out of nowhere; spontaneously\n\n * だれにともなく (lit. \"without (saying) to-who\") \n→ (say something) to no one in particular\n\n * なんともない (lit. \"there is no (saying) anything\") \n→ no problem; nothing is wrong\n\n * いかんともしがたい (lit. \"hard to do in any way\") \n→ nothing can be done; cannot be helped\n\n * [そこはかとなく](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/90375/5010)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-17T05:32:01.087", "id": "98946", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-17T05:52:27.870", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-17T05:52:27.870", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98937", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "I guess you are cutting the sentence in a wrong place. The base is\n\n * 指導者は日頃からみずからと向き合う必要があるのです\n\nand\n\n * 注意深く、また意思を持って\n\ndescribes _**how** teachers should reflect on themselves_.\n\n[また](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F/#je-71622) here\nmeans _and_.\n\nI think the passage is rather vague, but it literally says _Teachers always\nneed to reflect on themselves, carefully and intentionally/willingly_.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-17T09:28:49.990", "id": "98948", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-17T09:28:49.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98947", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Common patterns are:\n\n 1. `なん/どこへ/どこから + なり(と)` \"anything/anywhere\"\n * なんなり(と)お申し付けください。\n * どこへなり(と)行ってしまいなさい。\n * どこからなり(と)攻撃してきなさい。\n 2. `noun1 + なり (+ noun2 + なり)` \"noun1, noun2 or anything/anyone/anywhere\"\n * 宝石なり服なり好きなものを買いなさい。\n * 暇だったら勉強なりすればいいのに。\n 3. `noun + なり + なん/どこ/だれ/いつ + なり` \"noun or what-/who-/wherever\"\n * フランスなりどこなり、好きなところへ行きなさい。\n * 彼なり誰なりを連れて行け。\n * 日曜日なりいつなり来てください。\n 4. `verb1 + なり (+ verb2 + なり)`\n * 寝るなりゲームするなり、好きに過ごしてください。\n\nNote that you can safely add と as an option only in pattern 1. There are very\nfew, if any, people who say 宝石なりと服なりと, フランスなりとどこなりと, 寝るなりとゲームするなりと, etc. In\nother words, it's usually wise not to use なりと freely as a listing particle. I\nthink it is most practical to remember only なんなりと/etc as a special form.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-17T16:49:24.423", "id": "98953", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-17T16:49:24.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98949", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "This に is an (abstract) location marker used with ない (and existence verbs such\nas ある and いる). Here, いい and 悪い are used as nouns.\n\n * [Cases where \"に\" cannot mean \"at\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42803/5010)\n * [The usage of particle「に」：彼女に孫が一人いる。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/75062/5010)\n\n> こうしたもの **に** いいも悪いもないのである。 \n> There is no _good_ or _bad_ **in** such things.\n\nこうしたもの refers to 個性, so the author is saying that there is no such thing as\n\"good personality\" or \"bad personality\" to begin with.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-17T15:38:58.060", "id": "98952", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-17T15:38:58.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98951", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The なにか is an interjection (感動詞).\n\n明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> なにか【何か】 \n> ㈢ 〘感〙相手の言動を確認する気持ちを表す。何かい。 \n> 「それならなにか、もう辞めるっていうのか」\n\nand 日本国語大辞典 says:\n\n> なにか【何か】 \n> [三] (代名詞「なに」に係助詞「か」の付いたもの。感動詞のように用いて) \n> ② 相手のことばや気持を、確認しようとする気持を表わす。つまり（…なのだな）。要するに（…のつもりなのか）。\n\nIt is used to confirm what the other person means or intends (to say). I think\nit's like \"So, you mean... right?\" or \"In short, what you're saying is...,\nright?\", in a bit questioning or accusatory tone.\n\nBy the way, なにか as an interjection is pronounced [なにか]{LHH}, while なにか meaning\n\"something\" is [なにか]{HLL}.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-18T04:46:47.097", "id": "98957", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T05:05:35.317", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-18T05:05:35.317", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "98956", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "From a grammar perspective, the two sentences are **EQUIVALENT** , and there's\nactually no difference grammar-wise. Why? Because doesn't matter in English or\nin Japanese, `every day` or `毎日` is an **adverb(副詞)** , which modifies the\nverb, which is `to make (someone) work` or `働かせる`.\n\nPutting the adverb before or after the verb **in English** is only a matter of\nemphasis and choice, and does not affect the meaning of the sentence, as they\nstill modify the same verb. In Japanese however, due to the SOV structure, you\nare required to put the adverb before the verb, aka the verb has to come at\nlast. English is SVO so the adverb can come both before and after.\n\n> Example: \n> I eat every day. Every day I eat. \n> 毎日食べる。\n\nWhile you get 2 options for English, you get one for Japanese. Unless you want\nto talk like Yoda and then none of the SOV SVO stuff would matter and you can\nthrow word orders around. This could happen in casual speech.\n\n> Talk like me, you must. (no longer SVO in English) \n> 俺は食べる、毎日。(The adverb now comes after) \n> 毎日食べるよ、俺は。 (Even the subject can come after in casual speech)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-18T23:51:40.613", "id": "98967", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T23:51:40.613", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98958", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "It could mean either of the two depending on context.\n\nYou could convert it to a two-verb construction 働くように言う. If you put 毎日 before\nit, the sentence is still ambiguous. But if you put it before 言う, it\nunambiguously modifies that verb.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T02:06:02.113", "id": "98968", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-19T02:06:02.113", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "98958", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I think the modifier is more likely to modify the main action than the causing\naction, but there is some ambiguity. Also, it's not just about frequency\nmodifier.\n\n> 私は彼を在宅で働かせた。 (\"He\" was probably working from home. Or, it's a bit of a\n> stretch, but not impossible to read it as saying \"I\" was working from home\n> supervising \"him\".)\n\nThe ambiguity doesn't often manifest because other facts in the context and\ncommon sense make it clear. To clarify your intention in a stand alone\nsentence, you will probably want to use different words and constructions.\n\n> 私は彼に働くよう毎日言い、彼はそうした。 (split two actions into two separate verbs)\n\n> 私は彼に毎日働くよう言い、彼はそうした。\n\n> 私は彼に在宅での仕事をさせた。 (nominalize the main action)\n\n> 私は在宅で、彼には仕事をさせた。\n\n(I feel like 彼はそうした is necessary in the first two because otherwise whether\n\"he\" did it or not is unclear.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T02:40:45.223", "id": "98970", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-19T02:40:45.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "98958", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The で is broadly _with, by_ as usual. Slightly more precisely, it is 基準(#6\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%A7/#je-50708)), perhaps\n材料(#3) is relevant too.\n\nA typical usage is\n\n * 私はこれでいいです _I'm okay with this_\n\nmeaning you are happy with what you have at hand.\n\nUsing が sounds excluding other possibilities of translations (as _This **is**\nthe correct one_). Using で makes it sound like _This is **a** correct\ntranslation_.\n\n* * *\n\nSome other similar usage\n\n * リンゴはひとつ **で** 十分です One apple is enough\n * コップはみっつ **で** 足ります Three cups will be enough", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-18T09:14:17.420", "id": "98963", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T09:21:07.453", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-18T09:21:07.453", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98959", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's quotative, so your second interpretation is correct. But the content is\n自分の若い時...嫌がる.\n\nThe subject of 彼らの気持ちがわからない as well as 誤解する is 聞かれた人.\n\nThus a literal translation would be\n\n * When they (asked) fail to understand what they (askers) think, they (asked) misunderstand that they (askers) are passive in work compared with people of their (asked) age _and that_ they (askers) just chat and dislike working.\n\nAs a side note, _and that_ above does not exist in the Japanese sentence. The\nstructure is: X, Yと誤解する=misunderstand that X and that Y.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-18T09:32:21.380", "id": "98964", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T09:32:21.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98962", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As you said you are not someone who's learning Japanese, I will not go into\ndetails of Kanji readings in this answer. But with regards to your question,\nlet's examine the name 火雷隊 you have.\n\n## 火\n\nThis Kanji means fire, and is read as `ka`, `hi`, or `ho` when prefixing other\nKanji's in some words.\n\n## 雷\n\nThis Kanji means thunder, and is read as `rai` or `kaminari` on its own, but\nin a name it can take on whatever readings, so it's totally fine if you want\nit to be read as `kari`. In Japanese, the convention is that ANY Kanji can\nhave ANY reading, and it's completely arbitrary and without restrictions. You\ncan take the Kanji 雷 and have it read as `banana` if you really want.\n\n## 隊\n\nThis kanji means team and is read as `tai`.\n\n## 火雷隊\n\nTogether, the Kanji's convey the meaning `the team of fire and thunder`, but\nthe thing is, MOST people would read this as `karai-tai`, and the reading of\n`hikari-tai` would not occur to them upon first look. However, if you make it\nclear to people that the Kanji is 火雷隊 and the reading is `hikari-tai`, then no\none would have a problem with it, and it's easy to see where that name comes\nfrom. `hi` from 火, `kari` for 雷(which is already read as **ka** mina **ri** ),\n`tai` is the default reading for 隊 meaning team.\n\n## HIKARI\n\nThe word `hikari`, as you may or may not be aware, actually means `light` in\nJapanese, and has the Kanji 光. This is sort of a word play, where you use\n`fire-thunder 火雷` but install the pronunciation `hikari (light)` upon it to\nconvey two meanings at the same time.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nSo, the name 火雷隊 is a word-play that means `team of fire and thunder` in\nwriting but would convey the meaning `the team of light` when spoken. It's\npretty cool to be honest, and nothing seems out of place due to the existing\nconvention that Kanji in Japanese names can be read however they want. Just\nmake sure that you tell people it's `hikari-tai`, or expect people to read it\nas `karai-tai`, or even `hikaminari-tai` since 火雷 actually is a (ancient) word\nin the dictionary with the reading `hikaminari`.\n\nYou said you wanted to express the quickness of the team... well whether one\ncould associate fire/thunder/light with quickness is a subjective question.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-18T23:33:32.847", "id": "98966", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T23:33:32.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98965", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "What is the genre of your story, and what is that \"private contractor or a\nmercenary group\" like? The name 火雷隊 would be fine as the name of a private\nninja/samurai group, so if your \"very global story\" is like Marvel's works or\nsomething like [this](https://youtu.be/oJ09xdxzIJQ) from _Overwtach_ , 火雷隊\nmight work. However, if it's a realistic spy story, 火雷隊 sounds funny even if\nthe team is Japanese-owned.\n\nIn addition, Japanese people will intuitively read 火雷隊 as **か** らいたい ( **ka**\n-rai-tai) rather than ひらいたい (hi-rai-tai). [Kanji have multiple\nreadings](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/onyomi-kunyomi/), and people choose\nthe on-reading of 火, \"ka\", here. If you really need it to start with _H_ , a\nquick fix would be 飛雷隊 (\"hi-rai-tai\", 飛 is a kanji for \"fly\"), although this\nwould still sound like a ninja squad.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T04:55:55.290", "id": "98971", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-19T04:55:55.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98965", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "\"For some reason, our society decided that uniqueness should be something to\nbe celebrated. If so, the \"uniqueness\" that we talk of today must be something\nlike the following: there is a pre-existing selection of \"uniquenesses\", and\npeople are expected to figure out how to acquire these pre-determined\n\"uniquenesses\". But then, that isn't a \"uniqueness\" at all and would lead to\npeople being similar to each other after all.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T07:06:46.220", "id": "98973", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-19T07:06:46.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "98972", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If I get a text that says USJに行ったことがありますか。 I would recognise it as a question.\nNow that said, among younger people it's probably a lot more common to use ？ ,\nand on top of that, the form with ますか。 is relatively commonly used as a\nliteral device to introduce a topic, so one might confuse it with that usage,\nand wait for the next content to come.\n\nBut this usage (introducing topics) would be very unusual to use in SMS texts\nand/or with friends, so I personally wouldn't be confused whether\nUSJに行ったことがありますか。 is a question or not.\n\nMaybe your friend really means to say \"there is some tiny chance of confusion\"\nby \"つけないと質問って分からないよ\". IMO Japanese are prone to hyperbole when it's about\nadhering to some pattern (e.g. my boss used to say\n\"Eメールの冒頭に誰あてか書かないと、誰宛のEメールかわからないだろ\" but of course that's not really the case -\nhe just wanted to \"help me\" by exaggerating the effect).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T07:30:13.337", "id": "98975", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-19T07:30:13.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "98974", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> USJに行ったことがありますか。 \n> Have you ever been to USJ? (polite)\n\nThis is perfectly natural and correct as a polite question, and no question\nmark is necessary. A question mark should even be avoided in a very formal\nexchange.\n\nIf someone said a question mark is _necessary_ , you can basically ignore it.\n(I could be wrong, but one possibility is that your Japanese still has many\nerrors and your friend wanted a question mark as a parsing hint.)\n\nAnd did you really use ます when you asked about that sentence? A question mark\nis definitely necessary in a casual question without か:\n\n> USJ行ったことある？ \n> Have you ever been to USJ? (informal)\n>\n> USJ行ったことある。 \n> I've been to USJ. (informal)\n\nIt's also possible to construct a question with か but without ます, but this\nsounds like a very curt question typically said by a scary commander, a\nstubborn dwarven blacksmith, etc.\n\n> USJに行ったことがあるか。 \n> Have you ever been to USJ? (curt)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** Your friend is basically trying to point out the question-mark-less\nversion can be ambiguous because it can also be a mild confirmation/surprise\nmarker rather than a genuine question marker. See: [やっぱり <Noun> か - why is it\nok to have both?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/91220/5010)\n\n> USJに行ったことがありますか。 \n> (Oh, so) You've been to USJ. (mild confirmation/surprise)\n\nIf said in the right context by a fluent speaker, there is virtually no risk\nof being misunderstood because of the absence of a question mark.\nNevertheless, since your Japanese still seems rough around the edges, it may\nbe safer for you to try to add a question mark to reduce the risk of\nmisunderstanding, as your friend says.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T01:53:29.777", "id": "98996", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T08:29:03.287", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-21T08:29:03.287", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98974", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "In どういうものか, this もの is just \"thing\", and no special grammar is involved here.\nJust as どういう本か means \"What kind of book is it?\", どういうものか simply translates to\n\"What kind of thing is it?\"\n\nThere are various special usages of ものか, too. Generally, you should understand\nものだ ([which by itself has verious\nmeanings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43083/5010)) first and think of\nものか as its question version.\n\n * [ものか in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96484/5010)\n * [Alternative meaning of ものか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66245/5010)\n * [What is the meaning of this ものか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/97293/5010)\n * [how does te form+ なる(ものか) work?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96058/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T02:23:53.537", "id": "98986", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T02:23:53.537", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98978", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's the masu-stem of the verb 持つ (\"to have\"), followed by\n[始める](https://nihongokyoshi-net.com/2019/03/25/jlptn4-grammar-hajimeru/)\nmeaning \"to start to ～\". This is one of the most basic usages of 持つ, and there\nis nothing tricky.\n\n> 私たちは自然の流れとは別の生活リズムを **持ち【もち】始め** \n> We **started to have** a different rhythm of life that is different from\n> the flow of the nature, ...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T02:16:09.957", "id": "98985", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T02:16:09.957", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98979", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This usage of 何か isn't used at all in modern Japanese, it's used in the\nclassical.\n\nThe example sentence is from the famous classical literary work 枕草子, all\nwritten in the language of the Heian period (794 - 1185).\n\n> 「何か, この歌よみ侍らじとなむ思ひ侍るを」\n\ncan be translated as:\n\n> 「いえいえ、この歌というものを詠みますまいと思っているのですよ」", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-19T20:25:13.773", "id": "98982", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T12:36:43.537", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-20T12:36:43.537", "last_editor_user_id": "5464", "owner_user_id": "55009", "parent_id": "98981", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "\"Grocery store\" in Englsh may refer to different things.\n\n> ### [Grocery store](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grocery_store)\n>\n> A grocery store (AE), grocery shop (BE) or simply grocery is a store that\n> primarily retails a general range of food products, which may be fresh or\n> packaged. **In everyday U.S. usage, however, \"grocery store\" is a synonym\n> for supermarket,** and is not used to refer to other types of stores that\n> sell groceries.\n\n> The definition of \"grocery store\" varies...\n\nIf \"grocery store\" refers to supermarkets, the equivalent term in Japanese is\nスーパーマーケット or スーパー for short. Most スーパー in Japan also sell toothbrushes,\ndetergents and such, but there are smaller スーパー that almost exclusively sell\nfood (sometimes specifically called 食品スーパー). A large Walmart seems to sell\neven TVs and vacuum cleaners, but Japanese supermarkets don't sell such items.\n\n食料品店 is a general term for stores that sell food to take home, and this may be\ncloser to the \"original\" meaning of groceries. However, it is not a term\ncommonly used in everyday life. Perhaps it refers primarily to small\nspecialized stores such as bakeries, coffee bean stores, etc.\n\nThere are also コンビニ (convenience stores) and\n[ドラッグストア](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96741/5010) (drugstores) in\nJapan. These are almost the same as their English equivalents.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T01:14:17.237", "id": "98984", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T01:20:44.983", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-20T01:20:44.983", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98983", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's いち.\n\n第一希望{だいいちきぼう}, 第二希望{だいにきぼう}, 第三希望{だいさんきぼう}.\n\n* * *\n\nFYI 第N志望{しぼう} means the same thing.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T12:35:36.867", "id": "98990", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T12:35:36.867", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98989", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In short, the sentence is not completely said. 会えなく is the 連用形 of 会えない (なく is\nthe 連用形 of ない), and it marks a mid-stop in a sentence, aka the sentence is\nonly half said at this point.\n\nIn English, you can observe the same feature:\n\n> If I couldn't meet you...(sentence not complete) \n> もしあなたと会えなく...(sentence not complete)\n\nIt tells you she didn't say completely what she wanted to say, but the author\ndidn't write the other half of the sentence, so the readers have to infer.\n\nEDIT:\n\nIn modern Japanese, one would usually connect two clauses with te-form, and\nthe use of 連用形 is somewhat from Classical Japanese, and when people use it, it\ngives more formality than the te-form. As shown by this picture I found\n(source: <https://honda-n2.com/kobun-kobuntangochou-osusume>)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JEbwH.png)\n\nThe 連用形 of the verb 降る is 降り, but the 連用形 for ない is なく. Of course, as shown in\nthe picture, we can replace 降り with the modern te-form 降って, and for your\nsentence, it would mean the same thing if we use the te-form\n\n> もしあなたと会えなく... \n> もしあなたと会えなくて...\n\nMaybe it conveys less formality but in this context I don't think it matters,\nsince this does not seem like a formal situation at all.\n\nEDIT 2:\n\nI have found this additional info on Japan Reference that I think could be\nhelpful. Here is the link to the\n[post](https://jref.com/threads/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F-vs-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6.92945/),\nbut here's a screen shot in case you want to know whose answer I'm talking\nabout.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SNwxW.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T22:02:24.293", "id": "98993", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T22:39:19.640", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-20T22:39:19.640", "last_editor_user_id": "39855", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98992", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's the subsidiary verb (-て)くる, and it's used to describe 彼 is physically\ncoming closer to 香織さん.\n\n * [Difference between -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n\nThis may seem redundant at first because 近づく (\"to get closer\") also has a\nsimilar meaning, but they play different roles. 近づく and 遠ざかる are about the\ndistance from the _target_ (marked with に/から), while (-て)くる and (-て)いく are\nabout the distance from the _observer_ (which may or may not be the same as\nthe _target_ ). For example, you can say AさんはBさんに近づいていった, which means A got\ncloser to B and away from the (implicit) observer.\n\nIn your case, there is a narrator that describes this scene as a third person,\nbut 香織さん is working as a temporarily observer here. Or you may think there is\nan invisible narrator (or camera) near 香織さん. See also: [What does ～てくる mean\nhere?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95228/5010)\n\n(-て)いる has a totally different meaning. It's possible to use (-て)くる and (-て)いる\ntogether, like this:\n\n> 彼は香織さんに近づいてきている。 \n> He is (gradually) getting closer to Kaori.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-22T02:06:37.950", "id": "99015", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T02:06:37.950", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98994", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Did you [search for the phrase on Google or in a\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%A0%AD%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/)?\nThis is an idiom and so can't be translated literally.\n\n> 引け目を感じて対等な関係に立てない \n> To be unable to stand on equal terms with someone due to one's inferior\n> position (especially due to a debt or obligation)\n\nThis should make sense, as the line is by a soldier who doubts Eren Yeager's\ngrandfather's warning about the titans, even though the town owes a debt of\ngratitude to him. So the line from the script might be translated figuratively\nas:\n\n> 前に、先生が流行病から、この街を救ってくれた。先生には頭が上がらねえ。 \n> It's true that doctor did save this town from a great sickness before. I\n> must admit that we are indebted to him.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T02:35:29.433", "id": "98998", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T02:41:08.577", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-21T02:41:08.577", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98997", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You're right, ことになる can mean to make or come to a decision. But it also has\nother meanings too. With the simplest meaning ことになる can literally mean to\n\"become a thing\" or \"become the outcome / result\".\n\nSo here it's roughly something like:\n\n> ですから、聞く構えができている人は、より良く学べる **ことにもなります**\n>\n> Because of this (what was mentioned before), people who are able to readily\n> listen even **have the outcome** of being better at learning.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T06:28:29.917", "id": "99000", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T06:28:29.917", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "98999", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The effect certainly will not be the same if you replace は with を, but it only\nshows in context with other sentences.\n\nYou use 漢字は because you want to topicalize 漢字. Two は in one sentence might\nmake it slightly weird, but the author might think the downside is worth it,\nbecause (for example) it makes it clear that the sentence is a topic sentence\nof the paragraph that's followed by a few more sentences about kanji.\n\nBy the way, I might say the second は is contrastive, at least in its function,\nas in 全部は / たくさん (\"not all, but many kanji\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T08:11:04.623", "id": "99003", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T08:11:04.623", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99001", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This こと is not \"something\" but a nominalizer ([What is the difference between\nthe nominalizers こと and の?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1395/5010)).\nAnd the こと nominalizes everything before it in the sentence. Don't be deceived\nby a comma in a relative clause.\n\n> [検索で解決するようなものだったら、「問題」とはいえない] **こと** にも気づいていない。\n>\n> They haven't even noticed **(the fact) that** [you cannot call it a\n> \"problem\" if it's something that resolves with a search].\n\nIn other words, the author is saying that a true \"problem\" refers to something\nthat cannot be solved by an internet search.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T13:04:05.407", "id": "99005", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T13:04:05.407", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99004", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "啓発本, or more fully 自己啓発本 ('self-englightening books') , is a collective name\nfor books that deal with successful career, positive thinking, time\nmanagement, being happy, or those kinds of things. You can google the term and\nsee [lists](https://honto.jp/article/book/jikokeihatsu-bestseller.html) that\nshould include some translations from English. My impression is that\ntranslated books of this genre is mostly American. So _self-help book_ is\nfine, but could be a bit narrower than 啓発本 as a category.\n\n[啓発](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%95%93%E7%99%BA/#je-21512)する is a\nverb meaning _to enlighten, provide insights_ (a synonym is 啓蒙). It is often\nused in the passive.\n\n * この本から大いに啓発された\n * I learned a great deal from this book. (Literally, I was enlightened a lot by this book)\n\nIn practice, 啓発される is a strained/affected way to say _to learn_ and I don't\nthink it's used in ordinary conversations. It may be used in book reviews as a\ncompliment.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T14:57:05.097", "id": "99008", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T14:57:05.097", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99006", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Since this is a question about a tattoo, I'd recommend against anything other\nthan Kanji, unless you guys have a specific preference towards Kana's. That\nsaid, let's examine the options:\n\nKanji term 永遠 is literally the one-to-one translation of \"forever,\" and no you\ndo not add the に. Adding に would make it an adverb, and is required for\ngrammatical functions, but there is no reason to include a grammatical\nparticle in a tattoo. 永遠 is usually read as \"ei-en\", but in songs and poems\nthe same Kanji can be read as \"to-wa\" as well, meaning the same thing.\n\n> 永遠な愛 Everlasting love (love that is forever) \n> 永遠に続く To continue forever.\n\nThe な and に are grammatical particles I do not suggest you include.\n\nAnother possible word is 永久, meaning \"eternal\" or \"forever\" as well, but it\nsound more formal and are used in more serious, less poetic, less literary\nsituations. It's read as 'ei-kyuu'\n\n> 永久保証 Life-time guarantee(eternal guarantee) \n> 永久脱毛 Complete hair removal (hair removed forever)\n\nThen comes your hiragana options: ずっと means something very close to \"always\",\nand is a very common word in speech that does not carry the artfulness nor the\npoetic-ness of 永遠. It's just a plain word to anyone who speaks Japanese, and\nfrankly, a tattoo that says only ずっと and nothing else doesn't make much sense.\nIt's almost as random as someone getting an English tattoo that says \"blue\".\n\nいつまでも literally translates to \"until whenever\", and is better than the former\noption. It's used in a lot of art works, and seeing this phrase(not a single\nword) on its own as a tattoo is not so out-of-place. There are actually songs\ntitled \"いつまでも\" so it's a good one if you prefer the look of the characters.\n\nOne more option, you could use the Hiragana とわ (to-wa) if you'd like, as\nthat's probably the most literary, poetic way to say \"forever\" in Japanese\namong these options. To-wa could also be written with the Kanji 永遠 and 永久, but\nconversely when people see 永遠 and 永久 the first reading that comes to mind is\n\"ei-en\" and \"ei-kyuu\", unless they're told to read it as \"to-wa\". So, if \"to-\nwa\" is what you want, it's better to render it in Hiragana as とわ to avoid mis-\nreadings. It all comes down to personal preferences.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-21T23:34:31.317", "id": "99012", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-21T23:41:37.827", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-21T23:41:37.827", "last_editor_user_id": "39855", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99007", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "As regards the grammar of the modern Japanese, it is 仮定形1 of\n[た](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%9F/#jn-132183), auxiliary verb\nmeaning past tense. At the same time, the standard etymology says た derives\nfrom たり2, so your guess is not totally off.\n\n> ［助動］［たろ｜○｜た｜た｜ **たら 1**｜○］ **《助動詞「たり」の連体形「たる」の音変化\n> 2》**活用語の連用形に付く。連用形が撥音便、およびガ行がイ音便となる場合には連濁で「だ」となる。\n\nWhat is a little irregular about たら are:\n\n 1. It can be used without ば, unlike most other 仮定形: The linked dictionary entry notes 仮定形「たら」は、多く「 **ば」を伴わないで** 「雨が降ったら中止だ」などと使われ、「遅いからもう帰ったら」のように文末に用いられて8の意を表す。\n\n 2. For 仮定形, you may expect e-sound, i.e. たれ. But it retains classical 未然形: [Wikipedia/已然形](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%B6%E5%BD%A2) notes 形容動詞とコピュラ「だ」、「た」だけは仮定条件の「ば」の前が未然形である **文語の形式を残している** ため「なら」、「たら3」になっている。\n\nたら3 refers to the (classical) 未然形 of\n[たり](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A):\n\n> ［助動］［ **たら\n> 3**｜たり｜たり｜たる｜たれ｜たれ］《完了の助動詞「つ」の連用形に動詞「あり」の付いた「てあり」の音変化》ラ変以外の動詞、および動詞型活用の助動詞の連用形に付く。\n>\n> [補説] 中世以降は...「たる」を経て現代語の「た」に引き継がれる。", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-22T00:11:14.553", "id": "99013", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T23:28:01.690", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-22T23:28:01.690", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99009", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Most symbols used in the English language would work. If you just give\ninstructions like \"this '@' always indicates a variable\" somewhere, I'm sure\npeople will understand whether it's '@' or '%', and you (or your programmer)\ncan accommodate that. You can choose whatever symbol convenient for you. It's\nprobably wise to stick to symbols on the [JIS keyboard\nlayout](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89),\nand you might have to be prepared to accept [fullwidth\nforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms) not just\nhalfwidth forms, though. And because Japanese lacks word dividers, you might\nwant to use symbols (like brackets, or %variable% as Windows batch files do)\nto indicate the end of a variable name as well as the beginning.\n\nIn general, you can probably use a standard localization solution used in the\nprogramming language/framework you use without any change, as long as it's a\npopular one like Android and Java. I haven't encountered a problem specific to\nJapanese in that way.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-24T03:46:53.183", "id": "99037", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T03:53:58.147", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-24T03:53:58.147", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99010", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "At least when it is not followed by ど or ども, the verb in the first part of\nthese constructions is normally either する or ある. What you do (する) or what\nexists (ある) is expressed by a noun or a nominalized verbal phrase. If the verb\nis する, it may also be part of `[V ます-stem]-はする`.\n\n> 〜はすれ（ど）、〜 \n> 〜ことはあれ（ど）、〜\n\nThe second part often follows the same pattern, too. Additionally, it may be\n`[V た-form]-り（は）しない`.\n\n> 〜はすれ（ど）、〜はしない \n> 〜ことはあれ（ど）、〜ことはない\n\nThey may be mixed.\n\n> 〜はすれ（ど）、〜ことはない \n> 〜ことはあれ（ど）、〜はしない\n\nThe reason the adversative relationship is not clear in your example is that\nit uses the verb in a normal negative form. I’m not sure if this is considered\ngrammatical. I didn’t think it was particularly odd when I first read it, but\nI’m not very sure now.\n\nThe contrast becomes clearer if you rephrase it to match either of the above\npatterns by pulling out what is to be negated before the verb (する or ある) in\nthe second part because that's what the first part is contrasted against.\n\n> ゲーム部の人たちを尊敬こそすれど滑稽だなんて思いはしません \n> ゲーム部の人たちを尊敬こそすれど滑稽だなんて思ったりはしません \n> ゲーム部の人たちを尊敬こそすれど滑稽だと思ったりなんてしません \n> ゲーム部の人たちを尊敬こそすれど滑稽だなんて思うことはありません \n> ゲーム部の人たちを尊敬こそすれど滑稽だと思うことなんてありません\n\nIt’s a bit tricky because of なんて. Depending on the position, it replaces は.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-22T13:46:26.613", "id": "99018", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T13:56:59.703", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-22T13:56:59.703", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99011", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "No - There are many examples where the formal is used in the front of the\nsentence (ご~) or in the middle. Your sentence could say 「今日は病気なので、運動しません。」\nwithout changing meaning also.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-22T13:38:19.797", "id": "99017", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T13:38:19.797", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "99014", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Your use of the word “keigo” is a bit misleading. When people hear it, they\nusually don’t think of です and ます although they are technically part of\n“keigo”. I will call them polite forms as opposed to plain forms, which you\ncalled “short” versions.\n\nSome conjunctives do require a plain form but から is not one of them. You can\nuse a polite form before it.\n\n> 今日は病気ですから、運動しません。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-22T14:10:13.020", "id": "99019", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T14:10:13.020", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99014", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "机上実行 is not a common phrase, but it probably refers to simulating each step of\na program in one's brain or using the code printed on paper (e.g., to find the\ncause of a difficult logical bug, to check a software design). There is an\nidiom\n[机上の空論](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%AE%E7%A9%BA%E8%AB%96).\nBy extension, 机上【きじょう】 or 机の上 by itself sometimes carries a nuance of\n\"(optimistic) simulation/theory\". A possible translation would be \"brain\nexecution\" or \"paper simulation\", but what it actually refers to should depend\non the context or your workplace.\n\n[松竹梅【しょうちくばい】](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%9D%BE%E7%AB%B9%E6%A2%85) is a\ntraditional way of grading something (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33653/5010)). 松竹梅案 is a humorous\nway of referring to three plans (案) with different prices or grades. 松(案) is\nthe deluxe plan, and 梅(案) is the cheapest.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-23T11:24:47.253", "id": "99024", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-23T13:28:28.103", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-23T13:28:28.103", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99023", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "I can’t answer your question about “why” but there is a clear difference in\nusage.\n\n暗 means “dark”. In fact, it is the character for the Japanese native adjective\nfor “dark”, namely 暗{くら}い. When it is used as part of other words, too, it is\nused attributively to qualify something as dark (“dark something”) whether it\nis pronounced in _kun’yomi_ or _on’yomi_. Giving the noun form “darkness” as\none of the definitions for this single character could be a bit misleading. It\nshould be understood as the quality of being dark.\n\n闇 refers to a place or situation where it is so dark you can’t see things\nclearly, if at all. It corresponds to “darkness” in that sense.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-24T03:14:17.077", "id": "99035", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T03:29:05.243", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-24T03:29:05.243", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99028", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "You would know which to use because they are used differently.\n\nYou don't actually use single kanji very often, so there isn't much confusion\n(just like in English you know when to use \"darkness\" or \"dark\").\n\n闇 is often used as a noun or のadjective to mean \"dark\", \"darkness\" or \"the\ndark\".\n\n暗 is often used as an いadjective to describe something that is dark (暗い).\n\nIf you need more imagery to separate them in your head, you could think of 闇\nas having more figurative uses like \"the dark age\" or \"an emperor of darkness\"\nwhile \"暗\" might just be talking about a dimly lit room.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-24T05:45:58.993", "id": "99038", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T05:45:58.993", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55721", "parent_id": "99028", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "(っ)ぽい is basically a suffix (\"-ish\"), but in very informal speech, it is\nsometimes used like a standalone adjective meaning それっぽい or \"authentic-\nlooking/-sounding\", \"believable\", \"plausible\", and so on. For example,\n\n> 「鳥山明みたいな絵を描いてみたよ。」「すごい、ぽい！」\n\n> あんまり、ぽくなくない？ \n> It's not very realistic, is it?\n\nIn your case, the sticker means something like \"it's becoming more authentic\"\nor \"(finally) this is like the real thing\". Looks like this is a phrase from\nSLAM DUNK, so I assume it was originally said with sufficient context. For\nexample, if this is said during a boring basketball game, it would be\ninterpreted as \"Finally, this is real basketball!\". But you can use the same\nphrase when something different from your expectations has finally become\nexciting.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-23T23:16:53.747", "id": "99031", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T01:27:59.623", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-24T01:27:59.623", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99029", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "When something like this happens, you're probably encountering a rare reading\nthat's not worth learning at all. For what it's worth, as a native Japanese\nspeaker, I wasn't aware that 号 could be read that way (I only knew 叫ぶ as the\nkanji for さけぶ \"to scream\").\n\nKanji readings, especially kun-readings, were not very standardized in the\npast, and you may come across many obsolete kun-readings while reading older\nmaterials. According to [this kanji quiz](https://salon.mainichi-\nkotoba.jp/archives/1791), 号ぶ was used at least in works of [Natsume\nSoseki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki) (1867-1916). It's a\ndictionary's job to include such rare words and readings, but it often fails\nto tell you which are common and which are not. Even a large dictionary does\nnot cover all rare readings, anyway. If you're still a beginner, you should\nnot pay too much attention to kanji and readings outside the jōyō kanji list.\n\nSee also: [Why do dictionaries differ so much in terms of spelling and is\nthere an established standard for how a word should be written in contemporary\ntext?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98734/5010)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-24T02:32:00.217", "id": "99033", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T02:43:18.447", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-24T02:43:18.447", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99032", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This sentence seems to focus on the relationship between the _two_ characters\n(レックス & ホムラ) rather than three. So I think it's more natural to read that part\nas \"who is also ヒカリ\".\n\n(But...does this use of parentheses require explanation? Doesn't `story of Rex\nand Homura (Hikari)` make perfect sense in English?)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-24T03:23:07.070", "id": "99036", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-24T03:23:07.070", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99034", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The difference is that ことにしています makes it explicit that the decision will take\nplace (substantially) _in future_. I suppose it is similar between _to decide\nto decide_ and _to decide_ if the former is not idiomatic in English.\n\nFor the sentence\n\n * ...決めることにしています\n\nmeans _We are planning to decide_ , implying that there's still some time for\nthe decision.\n\n * ...決めます\n\nwould mean, in this context, practically the same, but it may sound _we take\nthe questionnaire now (or in the near future) and make a decision_.\n\n* * *\n\nFor comparison\n\n * 試着をしてから買うかどうか決めることにしています\n * 試着をしてから買うかどうか決めます\n\nWhen you are talking to a shop clerk, normally the latter is used. The former\nwould sound 'I make it a rule that I buy clothes/shoes after trying them'.\nThis should be because 試着 does not usually take long, so that it can't mean\n'I've decided to decide whether to buy it or not (say) in 10 days after\ntrial'. In other words, in case of trying clothes, the final decision\nshouldn't be too far and using ことにしています would sound a bit odd to talk about a\nparticular instance of decision.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-25T01:00:01.147", "id": "99040", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-25T01:00:01.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "The verb being 決める shouldn’t affect how you should understand 〜ことにしている.\n\nIn this particular sentence, what they will decide (決める) is whether or not to\ncontinue the current way of working (この働き方をこれからも続けるか). What has been decided\n(ことになっている) is that that decision will be based on what they hear from the\nemployees (職員たちに意見を聞いて〜決める). The sentence would sound like something is\nmissing if you removed 職員たちに意見を聞いて.\n\n> ? 豊明市はこの働き方をこれからも続けるか決めることにしています。\n\nThe sentence would be still correct if you removed 〜ことにしている.\n\n> 豊明市は職員たちに意見を聞いて、この働き方をこれからも続けるか決めます。\n\nThis is a firm statement about what they will do, and based on what, and\ndoesn’t explicitly say anything about what has already been decided.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-25T01:56:18.963", "id": "99041", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-25T01:56:18.963", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "に can be omitted after ごろ. The following two sentences are both correct and\nthey mean the same thing.\n\n> 私はよく七時ごろうちへ帰ります\n>\n> 私はよく七時ごろ **に** うちへ帰ります\n\nBy the way, you can use ぐらい instead of ごろ, but in this case に can’t be\nomitted.\n\n> x 私はよく七時ぐらいうちへ帰ります\n\nIt must be:\n\n> 私はよく七時ぐらい **に** うちへ帰ります", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-25T03:57:38.360", "id": "99043", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-25T03:57:38.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99042", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> I'm guessing 俺の見た中でも is literally \"among those I have seen ...\". Is that\n> correct?\n\nYes, that's correct. The 中 means:\n\n> なか【中】 \n> ５ 限られた範囲に含まれる部分。一定のグループや集団の範囲のうち。「人込みの―を急ぐ」「仲間の―でいちばん若い」「予算の―でまかなう」 \n>\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B/#jn-162820))\n\n> Is this a common pattern? Can it be used with other verbs? Could you give\n> some examples please?\n\nI think it's pretty common. Examples:\n\n> 「私が **知っている中で** 最も安い店」 \n> 「今まで **食べた中で** 一番おいしかったです。」 \n> 「この棚に **ある中** から選んでください。」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T03:37:48.250", "id": "99046", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-26T03:37:48.250", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "99044", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "For one thing, the frequency of a word and the level of a kanji are different\nconcepts. Any kindergartener who can't even write hiragana knows the word 誕生日\n(\"birthday\"), and it's naturally classified as a JLPT N5 word. However, it has\na rather difficult (and not very versatile) first kanji, and the kanji 誕\nitself is supposed to be learned in the 6th grade.\n\nAccording to [this\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97)\nand [this article](https://kanjibunka.com/kanji-faq/history/q0145/), the list\nof 教育漢字 by grade did not exist at first. The grade-by-grade list was\nintroduced later out of concern for avoiding problems when students changed\nschools and textbooks in the middle of elementary school. There does not seem\nto have been any particularly detailed statistical consideration. Frequency\nwas one of the factors, but the simplicity of a kanji shape was also\nconsidered. And that's why the grade-by-grade 教育漢字 list sometimes seems\nimpractical to you. Japanese people naturally learn most of the JLPT N1\nvocabulary before they turn 10, and even if they don't know many kanji, they\nhave no trouble communicating. Even if they don't know the kanji 忙, the word\nいそがしい by itself is something they know from the age of 3. There may not be any\nparticular reason to learn the kanji 矢 in the second grade, but there's no\nstrong reason not to do so, either (its shape is simple, and it's frequent\nenough for an 8-year-old). If English is your native language, you have never\nbothered with level-specific vocabulary lists when learning English, have you?\n\nThe situation is different for a Japanese-as-a-second-language learner. If you\nwant to acquire communication skills as quickly as possible, a practical\nvocabulary list by frequency and difficulty is essential. It's usually\nefficient to learn the word 忙しい along with its kanji. And JLPT levels are\ndesigned exactly for this purpose.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T06:45:54.537", "id": "99048", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-26T07:35:03.990", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-26T07:35:03.990", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99045", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't know how much you can understand Japanese, but here's a\n[video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItKlnGGSX7E)(in Japanese) by a\nJapanese linguist that discusses the exact question: the different\npronunciations in Japanese, and the difference between \"g\" or \"ŋ\" using the\nexample word 老害. He also discusses other stuff related to the Japanese\nphonology such as how the sounds shifted over time.\n\nIn short, if you don't want to watch the video, or can't yet understand well,\nbasically what he said was that **it doesn't matter** if you say \"g\" or \"ŋ\",\nit's merely a difference of dialect and whichever one is correct. How one\nchooses to pronounce a word is simply affected by his/her family and\nsurroundings.\n\nA screenshot:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5S6mQ.jpg)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T06:56:13.450", "id": "99070", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T06:56:13.450", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99047", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Both are correct. 日本人 is the word for 'Japanese (person)' written in\n**kanji**. にほんじん is exactly the same word but written in **hiragana**. Adults\nnormally use the kanji version (日本人), but にほんじん appears in beginners'\ntextbooks because it's easier to learn at first.\n\nJapanese is a language where three types of scripts are used in one sentence.\nFor an introduction, please read the following articles:\n\n * [Wikipedia - Japanese writing system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system)\n * <https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/category/grammar-guide/the-writing-system/>", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T07:56:19.363", "id": "99050", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-29T09:05:24.453", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-29T09:05:24.453", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99049", "post_type": "answer", "score": 22 }, { "body": "The Japanese language uses 3 different writing systems:\n\n * kanji, which was originally borrowed from Chinese ideograms: they represent a “picture” of a word, related to the meaning of the word, but not to its pronunciation, for instance, 人 represents a person, which is really easy to memorize since it does look like a bust with two legs,\n * hiragana, a monosyllabic (one character is a syllable - eg. “ka”, “to”, etc.) alphabet used to write mostly prepositions, verb endings, etc. As an “alphabet”, it focuses on pronunciation only, unrelated to the meaning, and you can write absolutely everything in hiragana if you don't know the correct kanji, but Japanese people are used to writing a lot of words with kanji rather than hiragana since it is easier/faster to read/write once you know the meaning of those,\n * katakana, another monosyllabic alphabet, which is graphically very similar to hiragana (it is less round and has more sharp edges), generally used to write words that are not strictly Japanese as well as a few other uses (for instance of foreign origin like アメリカ = “America”, or various onomatopoeias, etc.).\n\nSo, 日本人 is the ideogram version of the word “Japanese person”. However, when\nyou learn the language, you have no idea how to pronounce this series of\ncharacters. You have to learn all the “kanji”, their pronunciation, and their\nmeaning, and there are thousands of them! Note that one “kanji” can have\nseveral meanings, can be combined with other characters to form different\nmeanings as well, and can even be pronounced differently depending on the\ncontext. 日本人 is actually pronounced “Nihon-jin”. The first letter is the sun,\nthe second is “origin” and the third is a person - which as I mentioned you\ncan recognize with its two legs. But the first character can also mean “day”\n(pronounced “hi”). And the character 本 on its own is also a book.\n\nOn the other hand, にほんじん is the hiragana version. In this version, once you\nlearn the alphabet, you can immediately pronounce it, even if you have no idea\nwhat it means. As there are only a limited number of characters in the\nalphabet, it is quite easy to learn, which is why manuals for beginners\ngenerally use hiragana pretty much everywhere, rather than confusing learners\nwith hundreds of kanji. Sometimes, you'll also find the double version: a\nlarge kanji version along with the hiragana version above or under it so that\nyou can learn and memorize the kanji's pronunciation:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EVmTH.jpg)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T23:55:53.620", "id": "99063", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-19T21:24:00.040", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-19T21:24:00.040", "last_editor_user_id": "56117", "owner_user_id": "56117", "parent_id": "99049", "post_type": "answer", "score": 11 }, { "body": "There is ニッポン人 (nipponjin), too. They are spelling and pronunciation\nvariations of the same word.\n\nWhen you write normally, it's 日本人. The rest is used for special purposes.\nにほんじん, ニホンジン, にっぽんじん, ニッポンジン - these spelling are used only when you want to\ndiscuss the reading, especially in ruby annotation. ニホン人 and ニッポン人 are a bit\ndifferent - these are still abnormal but can deliver the effect of emphasizing\nthat you are discussing Japanese from an outsider's perspective or in relation\nto the rest of the world. The book title\n[不思議な不思議なニッポン人](https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001813198-00) seems\nlike a typical example of the last point. (I could be wrong, I haven't read\nthe book.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T09:19:59.373", "id": "99086", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T09:33:37.300", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-28T09:33:37.300", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99049", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Underpinned by the source below, the term 8,000,000 in Japanese has, at least\namong other things, the following meaning, which of course everyone may\ninterpret quite personally and perhaps quite differently.\n\nIn Japan, the number 8,000,000 is used as an unlimited number, in connection\nwith the naming of the number of Kami.\n\nThe term gods in Japan can be understood in the sense that the Japanese are\ninclined to show respect for everything and everyone, as they consider them to\nbe sacred, animate and holy. This can be expressed, for example, by the fact\nthat they weigh the presumed interests of their environment against their own\nand take these into account in their decisions.\n\nTo some observers of Japanese culture, respect for anything and everything\n(gods), i.e., for example, a tree, a rock, a dragonfly, a deer, a chicken, a\npiece of moss, a human being, or one of one's ancestors may seem to be a kind\nof natural religion.\n\nFor lack of a better term understandable to non-Japanese, \"kami\" is usually\ntranslated as \"gods\" to at least give an indication of what it is broadly\nabout). In the sense that Japan is a happy country full of gods. Or it could\nalso be interpreted to mean that Japan is a happy country because it is full\nof people who respect and appreciate each other.\n\nUnderpinning source:\n<https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152618/https://okwave.jp/qa/q9912959.html>", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-04T13:50:52.037", "id": "99198", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-05T06:36:47.817", "last_edit_date": "2023-04-05T06:36:47.817", "last_editor_user_id": "56218", "owner_user_id": "56218", "parent_id": "99051", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> Do all of them simply mean \"thing\" or does it mean something else?\n\nFrom my perspective, もの can have different meanings and what meaning you give\nit depends on the speaker / context of the sentence. With that being said, I\nthink defaulting the meaning to \"thing\" is a good middle ground. もの usually\nseems to center around a singular object, entity, grouping, or etc of some\nsort from my experiences.\n\nTo illustrate this with your sentence above, let's go over the もの parts\n\nEntire sentence for reference. 4 ものs total from what I see:\n\n> そして、かけがえのない **もの** といわれる人生の価値は、たったの三時間でわかってしまう **もの**\n> であるようだ。もちろんその価値は、あくまで向こうが決める **もの** であって、普遍的な **もの** ではないのだろう。\n\n 1. Here もの can mean thing, one thing, or etc.\n\n> かけがえのない **もの** といわれる人生の価値\n>\n> A.) The value of a human life, which is said to be a irreplaceable\n> **thing**.\n>\n> B.) The value of a human life is said to be **one thing** that is\n> irreplaceable.\n\n 2. Here もの can mean thing, everything, or etc\n\n> たったの三時間でわかってしまう **もの** であるようだ\n>\n> A.) A **thing** that seems to be understood (completely / in full) in just 3\n> hours.\n>\n> B.) With only 3 hours, it seems like **everything** is understood\n> (completely / in full).\n\n 3. Here もの can mean thing, something, or etc\n\n> あくまで向こうが決める **もの** であって\n>\n> A.) It's a **thing** , which is decided by another (group / person) in the\n> end.\n>\n> B.) It's **something** , which is decided by another (group / person) in the\n> end.\n\n 4. Here もの can mean thing, way, or etc\n\n> 普遍的な **もの** ではないのだろう。\n>\n> A.) Perhaps it's not a universal **thing**.\n>\n> B.) There seems to be no universal **way**.\n>\n> C.) Perhaps it's not universal.\n>\n> Bonus: we don't even have to give a word meaning / translate もの for C. In\n> this case もの could be seen as an emphasizing effect.\n\nWe can then take all of these parts and combine them to get an overall idea of\nwhat is being said / the meaning of this:\n\n> そして、かけがえのない **もの** といわれる人生の価値は、たったの三時間でわかってしまう **もの**\n> であるようだ。もちろんその価値は、あくまで向こうが決める **もの** であって、普遍的な **もの** ではないのだろう。\n>\n> And thus, the value of a human life is said to be **one thing** that is\n> irreplaceable, a **thing** that seems to be understood (completely / in\n> full) in just 3 hours. Certainly, this value is **something** that is\n> decided by another (group / person) in the end and perhaps it's not\n> universal.\n\nYou mention:\n\n> How do I know which usage is what next time? Because for me in 90% of those\n> situations, context doesn't really help.\n\nContext will always play some sort of factor, because at the end of the day\nyou are translating here. And because of that, don't forget (it's an easy\nthing to forget) or become very comfortable with the fact that not everything\nhas a 1 to 1 translation. Sometimes you have to choose what's best or makes\nthe most sense depending on your target audience, which can include yourself,\nand the context, speakers involved, or etc. Also remember, it's only difficult\nnow. This will get better over time as you come across more and more things\nand get used to translating", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T20:52:44.643", "id": "99092", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T20:52:44.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "99052", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If you want to use the phrase 甲斐がある, the correct way of combining it with 待つ\nis 待った甲斐があった, just like やった甲斐があった, which is the verb やる.\n\nHowever, your sentence `待つのはながいですが、うどんはすごくおいしいから、甲斐があります` is also correct, not\nmodifying 甲斐 with a verb, since what 甲斐 you're talking about is already clear\nfrom context.\n\n`待つのは甲斐があります` would be a general statement, like `the action of waiting would\nbe worthwhile`, something you could say before the waiting starts to tell\npeople it will be worth it. If it's something you say afterwards, then it's\n待った甲斐があった（ありました） where you use the past tense.\n\nIn addition, I also suggest looking up the phrase 割に合う, which also means \"(a\nhard work) paying off\". Your waiting paid off, so\n\n> 待つ時間は長いんだけど、うどんがめっちゃ美味しくて、本当に **割にあった** んだ！", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T07:05:07.200", "id": "99071", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T07:05:07.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99053", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The formula is [verb]甲斐がある or [verb]甲斐があった and the verb's tense should match\nthat of ある/あった, as long as you are trying to translate simple cases of English\ntenses, I think. のは is unnecessary.\n\n * やった甲斐があった (was worth doing / one-time thing)\n * やる甲斐がある (is worth doing, will be worth doing)\n * 待った甲斐があった (was worth the wait / one-time thing)\n * 待つ甲斐がある (is worth the wait, will be worth the wait)\n\nThe other variations are a bit tricky to explain. I think it involves how\ngrammatical aspects between two verbs in a sentence work in general, and they\nare... complicated. I don't think I can cover everything about aspects here.\n(I'm sure good textbooks explain them better than I could.) Here are typical\ninterpretations under the given context I can think of right know.\n\n * 待った甲斐がある - the waiting is completed, and the payoff is not. I don't know how to phrase it succinctly in English using \"worth -ing\".\n * 待つ甲斐があった - both the waiting and the payoff happened repeatedly.\n * 待っている甲斐がある - the waiting is being done (not completed).\n * 待っている甲斐があった - the waiting is repeatedly done, and the payoff is a one-time thing. (This doesn't make much sense in the case of \"waiting\". Something like 練習している would make more sense.)\n * 待っていた甲斐があった - similar to 待った甲斐があった, but emphasis on the continuity (or the length) of the waiting\n * 待っていた甲斐がある - similar to 待った甲斐がある, but emphasis on the continuity (or the length) of the waiting", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T12:48:52.073", "id": "99075", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T08:05:02.737", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-28T08:05:02.737", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99053", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Not sure about the original English (just vanished or literally died?), but\nregarding the meaning of 吹っ飛ぶ, (1) the thing is intact or 'into pieces' and\n(2) in the same place or 'off to somewhere' are optional, i.e., 吹っ飛ぶ can be\nused for all those cases.\n\n * 布団が吹っ飛んだ\n\nA well known pun, or oyaji-gag. Maybe nobody really thinks about what exactly\nit means, but normally one imagines the futon is intact and flies off.\n\n * 空気の入れすぎでタイヤが吹っ飛んだ\n\n_I pumped too much air and the tire went flat_. Here the tire kind of went\ninto pieces in the same place.\n\n* * *\n\nFor reference:\n\n> [blow](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/blow/#ej-9510)\n>\n> **blow off** 1 自〈物などが〉 **吹き飛ぶ** ；他〈物などを〉 **吹き飛ばす** ；爆破する，〈人を〉銃殺する 2\n> 自〈蒸気などが〉吹き出る；激怒してどなり散らす；((英略式・戯))おならをする（break wind）；他〈精力などを〉発散させる 3\n> 他((米略式))…を無視［軽視］する；〈人を〉はねつける，〈人との〉約束を破る；…を欠席する，サボる 4 自〈あらしなどが〉おさまる，やむ\n>\n> **blow out** 1 他〈火などを〉吹き消す；自吹き消される 2 他〈風・爆発が〉〈窓（ガラス）などを〉 **吹き飛ばす**\n> ；〈脳などを〉撃ち抜く；((俗))〈人を〉殺す；((米略式))《スポーツ》〈相手を〉たたきのめす；…を取りやめにする；自〈窓などが〉吹き飛ぶ 3\n> 他((英略式))〈人を〉がっかりさせる 4 自〈ほお・カーテンなどが〉ふくらむ；〈支出が〉ふくらむ；〈石油などが〉噴出する 5 〔blow itself\n> out〕〈あらしなどが〉吹きやむ\n>\n> **blow up** 1 自〈風船・タイヤなどが〉ふくらむ；他〈風船・タイヤなどを〉ふくらませる；〈写真などを〉引き伸ばす，〈画像を〉拡大する 1a\n> 自〈事態・議論などが〉（ふくらんで）深刻化する 1b 他〔通例受身形で〕〈話などを〉ふくらませる，誇張する 2 自〈風・あらしが〉強まる，起こる 3\n> 自爆発する；他〈物を〉爆発させる，爆破する 3a 自〈交際・関係などが〉はじける，だめになる；((略式))ひどく怒る，（人に）どなりつける≪at≫", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T23:37:02.937", "id": "99061", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-26T23:37:02.937", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99054", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "Let's examine the part where the が is concerned:\n\n> 口々に「死ね！」「バカ野郎！」の声が\n\nHere, it's actually short for\n\n> 口々に「死ね！」「バカ野郎！」の声が **した** 。 \n> The mouths voices/said \"die!\" \"moron!\"\n\nIn Japanese, unlike English, nouns like 声 and 匂い and 気 could use する to mean\n\"there is this (noun) going on\" Example:\n\n> 冬の風の匂いがする There is the smell of wintry winds \n> 外で大きな声がした There was a loud voice outside\n\nIn your example sentence, it's just that the する is omitted since it doesn't\ncreate any ambiguity for anyone well-versed in Japanese — once they see 声が\nthey know automatically it's 声がする.\n\nSuch omissions are actually quite common in Japanese, and the words omitted\nare not just する, whenever in a context the verb can be inferred from context,\nit's possible to omit the verb and leave only the particles.\n\n> 全てを俺に！ Give me everything! \n> 全てを俺に **渡せ** ！ 全てを俺に **くれ** ！ 全てを俺に **与えろ** ！\n\nWhich one? Well it doesn't matter since 全てを俺に is already complete in meaning\nthe verb is omitted, so it could be any of these verbs, but they all mean\npretty much the same thing, which is \"Give/hand me everything!\" If the author\nsees the need to clarify to specify the action, he would've done so.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T06:47:50.683", "id": "99069", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T06:47:50.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99056", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is more or less _try ...ing_ , but the translation does not work because\nthe subject is 3rd person.\n\nThe usage means _suppose that..._ , so _If a guy were told such a thing, then\nhe would ..._\n\n* * *\n\nIn case of 2nd person subject:\n\n * あいつにそんなこと言ってみろ、\n\n_Try saying that to him_ should make sense, but it can also be _suppose you\nsay that to him_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-26T23:51:06.580", "id": "99062", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-26T23:51:06.580", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99058", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "This type of -てみろ is typically used like this:\n\n> 動いてみろ、命はないぞ。 \n> Move, and you're a dead man.\n\nSee:\n\n * [The てごらん structure seems to be a little different in this context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/86254/5010)\n * [Confusing use of imperative in a threat](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98370/5010)\n\nThe original sentence implies \"She/You shouldn't say something like that to a\nman (otherwise something bad will happen).\"\n\nYou can remember this -てみろ (-てごらん, -てみなさい) as a pattern to dramatically\nexpress a _condition_ along with its undesirable outcome. When used like this,\neven though it's in the imperative form, the imperative meaning has been lost,\nso it can take a third-person subject.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T02:09:16.930", "id": "99065", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T02:09:16.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99058", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In Xを手伝う, X can be:\n\n * a person to be helped (友人を手伝う)\n * a \"doable\" action or a nominalized verb (掃除を手伝う; 宿題を手伝う; 立ち上がるのを手伝う)\n * (uncommon) a room/place when it is clear from the situation that there is a large task there (厨房を手伝う; 倉庫を手伝う)\n\nIf the action is \"doable\" (i.e, can be used with (を)する), you can simply say\n彼女の英語の勉強を手伝ってくれませんか, 父親の仕事を手伝ってください, and so on. If the action is a nominalized\nverb, you can say 彼が立ち上がるのを手伝ってください and so on.\n\nHowever, エレベーター is not an action, and 彼のエレベーターを手伝う makes no sense. エレベーターを手伝う\nmay be natural if there are several tasks going on and installing/fixing an\nelevator is one of them, but unless you're a worker involved in the\nconstruction of a building or a concert venue, you'll never get a chance to\nsay it.\n\nInstead, you can insert a nominalized verb and say 友人がエレベーターに乗るのを手伝ってくれませんか.\nNote that a long sentence like this is only necessary if you're asking this in\nan email. If you're actually in front of an elevator with your friend,\nsomething like 手伝ってください or even 乗せてください can be enough.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T01:40:41.967", "id": "99064", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T01:40:41.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99059", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

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[ { "body": "明日 is a **single word** meaning \"tomorrow\", not \"bright day\". This combination\nalso has a special reading, あした (see\n[jukujikun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24513/5010)). So when 明 and 日\nare combined together, it produces a new **word** whose meaning and reading\nare unpredictable even if you know the basic meaning and readings of each\nkanji.\n\nJust as you parse English sentences based on words, people parse Japanese\nsentences based on words. As is the case with any language, words may have\ntricky meanings or readings, and you have to memorize them one by one.\n\nNote that similar things happen also in English. If you combine \"awe\" and\n\"some\", you get \"awesome\", but its meaning is unpredictable. The same is true\nfor words like \"wonderful\", \"however\", \"nevertheless\" and so on. All we can do\nis memorize their meanings without worrying too much about their components.\n\nThat said, many compounds have straightforward meanings and readings, so\nyou'll have to remember only tricky ones. For example, \"volcano\" is 火山 in\nJapanese, which is fairly easy.\n\nFor details, please read the following questions.\n\n * [日曜日，the different meanings and pronunciations of 日](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68850/5010)\n * [Can kanji compounds be formed arbitrarily?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17996/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T05:34:14.567", "id": "99067", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T05:34:14.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99066", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The implicit subject is the person the speaker is talking to, that is 'you' in\nthe context. Thus っていうんだ？ translates to 'do you say?'.\n\n何になる is an idiomatic expression meaning 'amounts to what' (or in a more\ncorrect English, 'what does it amount to?').\n\nCombining these, the sentence means _what do you say doing all this amonuts\nto?_ / _what's the point of doing this?_", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T11:41:20.060", "id": "99073", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T11:41:20.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99068", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The present tense used can be understood as so-called historical present.\n\nI guess the following interpretation should be reasonable. Suppose the prose\nis written when the phone rang. All the sentences up to することにした describe\nthings that are past. Then 買い物は...集中しよう describe things that are ongoing or\nthe speaker's will about future actions, except 自信がなかった. Then 電話が鳴った is a past\nevent (from the time point of writing).\n\nRegarding 自信がなかった, it's in the past tense probably because the writer has in\nmind the protagonist once tried to call but didn't due to the lack of\nconfidence. Using 自信がない is okay here but it would sound like the protagonist's\nstill wondering which may be a bit inconsistent with the following\nもう仕事のことは考えない (nice!).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T11:56:25.080", "id": "99074", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T11:56:25.080", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99072", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The implied target of 遭遇 here is not a person but an extremely rare/unlucky\nevent (不運 or 不幸な出来事).\n\n> 一万人のジャケット兵が参加する作戦を三回やって、とびきり運の悪い奴がひとり **(不運に)** 遭遇するかしないかの確率であろうとも\n>\n> [literally] Even if it's a (small) chance of whether or not one incredibly\n> unlucky person will encounter **(such a misfortune)** after conducting three\n> operations where 10,000 jacketed soldiers participate, ...\n>\n> → The odds would be so low that no one might **have such bad luck** even\n> after conducting three operations with 10,000 jacketed soldiers, but ...", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T16:23:50.140", "id": "99079", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T16:28:55.733", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-27T16:28:55.733", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99076", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "おとなしく見える means \"looks docile\", and nothing more. Actually this is the easiest\npart of the sentence, and I'm wondering why you're asking about it\nspecifically. Do you understand\n[借りてきた猫](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%80%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E7%8C%AB)\nand [猫を被る](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%8C%AB%E3%82%92%E8%A2%AB%E3%82%8B) are\nboth idioms with fixed meanings? Or maybe have you temporarily forgotten [見える\ntakes a ku-\nform](https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B)?\n\n> 借りてきた猫のようにおとなしく見えても、実は猫をかぶっているだけかも。 \n> Even if they look docile like a borrowed cat, they may actually be\n> pretending to be harmless.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-27T16:04:31.257", "id": "99078", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T16:04:31.257", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99077", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "に cannot be used because にの is an invalid combination. On the other hand, への\nis valid and compatible with 設置(する) probably because 設置 indicates something of\ndirection ( _putting ... on **to**_ ).\n\nNote 満洲{へ,で,に}研究施設が設置される are possible. Then nominalizing them requires の after\n満州＋particle, so that they become 満洲{への，での}研究施設 **の** 設置.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T06:31:34.267", "id": "99082", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T06:31:34.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99081", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "ダイ（台）is a small stool/step ladder that you stand on to reach things high up.\n\nつかって（使う）means to use.\n\nとった（取る）means to take.\n\nSo the sentence means:\n\n(They/She/He/I) used a stool to take something from a high place (for example\na high shelf).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T08:38:28.460", "id": "99085", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T08:38:28.460", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55721", "parent_id": "99084", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Such a way of speaking is called 語尾をのばす, which can be used in several\nsituations. Generally, talking without ー (i.e. the normal way of\nspeaking/writing) can sound/look brusque, and as you mention, ー is kind of\nsoftening.\n\nOne typical case is conversations with children. For example, a primary school\nteacher talks to a classroom 準備できましたかー？( _Are you ready?_ ), then the pupils\nrespond はーい. Similarly まーす or でーす is used by pupils or students talking to\nteachers (usually in context of responding or reporting something).\n\nThe lengthening is considered childish in business setting and should be\navoided (e.g. [a web post](https://otonasalone.jp/61312/)). A woman (say in\nher 20s) speaking with too much ー would be regarded too coquettish(?) and a\nman talking too much that way would be just weird.\n\nSo your impression is not wrong, but it's mostly because there are lots of\nyoung girls in anime etc.\n\n* * *\n\nAnother thing is 'vocative' usage of ー. This is not particularly childish or\nanything and can be used by people of all generations.\n\nIn English, sometimes people say _Hellooo_ to reconfirm that nobody's there\n(calling to a house, for example) or _Heeyy_ to attract the attention of a\nperson who is a bit far off.\n\nSimilarly, when calling at some place or talking to a person at a distance,\nJapanese uses すいませーん etc. An example of checking if anybody is in a seemingly\nempty house is すいませーん。ごめんくださーい。だれかいますかー？( _Hi, Helloo, Is anybody there?_ ).\n\nPerhaps in youtube videos they speak in the way of talking directly to\nlisteners, so that you hear this kind of ー.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T23:35:33.253", "id": "99093", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T23:35:33.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99087", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It's commonly 住所, but I guess the technically correct term is 所在地. As you say,\nthe former doesn't make much sense because in most companies nobody lives\nthere, but it's still used, especially when spoken. It looks like people don't\ncare about it too much. Even the health ministry uses 住所 in writing (while\nusing 所在地, too):\n<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/kouseiroudoushou/shozaiannai/index.html>\n\nYou can use 番地 for the numeric part, too, in cases the rest (like the name of\nthe city) doesn't need to be said. This might apply when talking about near-by\nstores.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T12:37:58.220", "id": "99090", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T12:53:55.877", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-28T12:53:55.877", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99088", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "何歳を見えますか is ungrammatical. You _must_ say 何歳に見えますか.\n\nThis is because 見える must take an adverbial form of words. Here are possible\npatterns:\n\n * na-adjective: 簡単に見える looks easy\n * no-adjective: 緑色に見える looks green\n * i-adjective: おいしく見える looks delicious\n * noun: 学生のように見える looks like a student\n * verb: 違って見える / 違うように見える looks different\n\nSee [this external\narticle](https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B),\ntoo.\n\nI'm not sure what you mean by \"verbed\", but N歳 works not as a verb but as a\nno-adjective (you can say 18歳の男 for example).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-28T14:34:54.417", "id": "99091", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-28T14:34:54.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99089", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> I'm trying to fully understand everything instead of just say, \"ok, this\n> means that and I'm done\"\n\nI'm going to assume you mean you want a breakdown of the grammar mentioned\nabove. So with that in mind:\n\n**First: AよりBのほう**\n\n> you like something more than something else I'm going to take this comment\n> at face value here, so forgive me if I've misinterpreted it.\n\nI would be careful saying AよりBのほう is \"liking something more than something\nelse\". It can mean that, but that fully depends on the context / sentence\nintending to mean that.\n\nAよりBのほう is pattern that literally translates to \"B's way is more X than A\".\nYou right with より meaning \"than\" and ほう being 方 which means \"way\" here. The の\nbeing used is the の particle and indicates possession. This also means that B\nwould be a noun in this case. Leaving X as being the \"more\" whatever (e.g.\nliked, harder, tastier, or etc) indicator.\n\nExample:\n\n> 僕はハンバーガーよりピザの方が好きです。\n>\n> As for me, I like pizza's way more than hamburgers.\n>\n> Englishified: I like pizza more than hamburgers.\n\n**Second: の中で**\n\n> I guess this also applies to comparing three or more items\n\nPersonally, I don't agree with this statement 100% as I don't see の中で as a\n\"hard and fast\" intended for comparisons rule. It could be used in this manner\nassuming the sentence indicates or intends for that.\n\nXの中で has a literal meaning of \"within, among, inside, or etc of X\". Working\nfrom left to right: X is our thing to consider. The の here is also the の\nparticle indicating possession. 中 (なか) means within, among, inside, or etc\ndepending on the context. And で is the で particle, where it can take on the\nmeaning of with, by, at, via, or etc. This で is also somewhat tricky to\ntranslate as it's meaning kind of gets absorbed along with the 中 (なか).\n\nExamples:\n\n> 1.) お店の中で待ってください。\n>\n> Please wait at the shop's inside.\n>\n> Englishified: Please wait within the shop.\n>\n> Notice here we're not comparing anything. The Xの中で is about location.\n>\n> 2.) 僕はすべての犬の中でトマトが好きです。\n>\n> As for me, with all of the dogs' among, I like Tomato.\n>\n> Englishified: Amongst all of the dogs, I like Tomato.\n>\n> However, here Xの中で does have a comparison meaning. We are considering all of\n> the dogs in the scenario and have decided Tomato is the one that is liked", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T04:44:28.927", "id": "99095", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-29T04:44:28.927", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "99094", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In Japanese, there are several words that can be used as a shorter alternative\nto エクスポート (export) depending on the context. Here are some options:\n\n 1. 出力する (shutsuryoku suru) - This means \"to output.\" It can be used to refer to exporting data or files in various formats.\n\n 2. 書き出す (kakidasu) - This means \"to write out\" or \"to export.\" It can be used for exporting text or data in general.\n\nIn the specific example of \"EXCELにエクスポート\" (export to Excel), you could use any\nof the above options to create a shorter button label:\n\n・「Excelに出力」 ・「Excelに書き出し」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T08:02:13.987", "id": "99097", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-29T08:02:13.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56148", "parent_id": "99096", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "When 下 is used on its own meaning below / under / down, etc., it is always\npronouned as した. It would never be read as しも in these cases.\n\nWhen it is used in place names, or combined with other characters to form a\nword/phrase, the pronunciation is often changed, e.g. 下【しも】ネタ, 下北沢【しもきたざわ】,\n下手【へた】, 下車【げしゃ】, 下流【かりゅう】, etc.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T01:59:00.413", "id": "99114", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T01:59:00.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "27774", "parent_id": "99098", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I checked those 16 cases of `を気にな`, and found that 12 of them were false-\npositives such as 美肌成分を気になる目もとに注ぐ (気になる is a relative clause that modifies the\nfollowing noun) and 人目を気になさいます (なさいます is an honorific of します).\n\nAs for the remaining four:\n\n 1. ある異性が自分の事を好きという事を知ったら自分もその異性の事を気になったり好き **になったり** してしまうものですか\n 2. 自分の気になる人が、逆に。“自分を気になる存在” **になって** もらえるようになれればとても幸せなんですが\n 3. 怖いのは、その環境になれてしまってやがて家族みんなが、ゴミ屋敷を気にならなく **なる** ことです。\n 4. 相手は、お客様を気になってたかどうか、わかりませんが\n\nI notice these ～を気になる are in a subordinate clause or used (at least\nindirectly) with another ～になる (bold). So according to my intuition, something\nsimilar to [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010) is\nhappening. 私は猫を好きです is unnatural, but 猫を好きになる and 猫が好きになる are both fine for\nsome reason. Likewise, I feel 私は彼を気になりません is unnatural, but 彼を気にならなくなる and\n彼が気にならなくなる are both fine for some reason.\n\nEspecially in Sentence 2:\n\n> 自分の気になる人が、逆に **“自分を気になる存在”** になってもらえるようになれればとても幸せなんですが。\n>\n> It would be ideal if someone you care for becomes someone who cares for you.\n\nIf you used 自分 **が** 気になる存在 in the double quotes, it would look ambiguous just\nas [自分が好きな人 is ambiguous](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010). So\nthis use of を is desirable. (You can avoid the ambiguity by saying\n自分のことが気になる存在, too.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T18:04:38.510", "id": "99103", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-29T18:04:38.510", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99099", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "If I guessed the context correctly, the 利子 and the ギルド会費 are both money that\nthis person has to pay to the guild, right? Then they cannot cancel each other\nout and become zero, so this use of 相殺 is wrong.\n\nMaybe it means that the guild will waive the ギルド会費 if you pay the 利子, but in\nthat case the correct phrase would be something like\nその利子の支払いを初年度のギルド会費としても充当できる or その利子を支払うことで初年度のギルド会費が免除される.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T17:32:16.757", "id": "99102", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T04:24:52.683", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-30T04:24:52.683", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99100", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "ミロ = Millo\n\nIf you write ミイヨ or ミーヨ , it would be pronounced as \"Miiyo\" or \"Myo\".\n\nHope this helps you.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T21:44:16.047", "id": "99106", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-29T21:44:16.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "99101", "post_type": "answer", "score": -2 }, { "body": "If it’s pronounced like Spanish, I would suggest either one of ミーヨ, ミージョ, and\nミーリョ depending on how you want the double-L part to be rendered.\n\nIf it’s pronounced the French way with stress on the last syllable, Japanese\nspeakers might hear it as ミヨ or even ミヨー rather than ミーヨ.\n\nミイヨ is cute, though.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T01:31:02.967", "id": "99110", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T01:31:02.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99101", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "I think you're thinking too much, you should focus on other things to speed up\nyour JP learning process, instead of wasting your time to pondering these\nstuffs.\n\n 1. Imagine you're writing a letter for the Prime Minister of JP, if you use 90% hiragana in your letter as an adult, he would considers this as very impolite. (like you're a kid who don't know how to use kanji). Considers to use kanji in your writing most of the time (unless in the context that you're writing a letter for a close friend/ family members...)\n\n 2. Here are the appropriate contexts as to whether you should use みょうにち/あす/あした:\n\n * あした: Casual everyday. Speaks this with your mom and she'll not slaps you :D\n\n * あす: A little more polite. You can use this to speaks with your teachers.\n\n * みょうにち: Extremely polite, when you're speaking with your company's bosses/government officials....\n\nHope this helps you.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-29T22:10:33.173", "id": "99107", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T18:06:46.947", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-31T18:06:46.947", "last_editor_user_id": "3871", "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "99104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "\"Tomorrow\" is seldom written as あした in daily usage. It may be that the writer\nwould like emphasize the word \"tomorrow\" as the main subject of this poem, and\nwrite it in a \"special\" way on purpose in order to catch people's attention to\nthe word - However, no one but the writer can tell you his real intention.\n\nIn daily usage, sometimes the words that are usually written in kanji are\nwritten in hiragana so that Japanese children and foreigners who know limited\nJapanese can read it as well. For example, in the emergency announcement on\nNHK TV news when the tsunami comes, instead of writing \"津波！逃げて\", they write\n\"つなみ！にげて！\".\n\nIn addition, different train companies may used kanji and hiragana to\ndifferentiate the stations that have the same name. For example, in Sapporo,\nthe names of the subway station and the JR station are both \"Sapporo\". The\nsubway writes the station name in hiragana さっぽろ, while JR writes it in kanji\n札幌.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T00:55:05.383", "id": "99109", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T02:21:16.177", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-30T02:21:16.177", "last_editor_user_id": "27774", "owner_user_id": "27774", "parent_id": "99104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I wouldn’t have stopped to think why あした is written in hiragana. I might have\nif 今日 were written as きょう. I guess I’m simply more used to seeing あした than\nきょう.\n\nWe would have to ask the author why he chose あした over 明日, but one possible\nreason, other than those you listed, is that he might have thought the kanji\nsequence of 明日世界 would affect readability.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T01:48:36.783", "id": "99113", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T01:48:36.783", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "I think both of the reasons you listed are right.\n\nProbably the primary reason why he chose Hiragana instead of Kanji is that\nusing Hiragana normally has an effect to convey softer, warmer, and more\nemotional feelings or images. Kanji has a little bit more formal images than\nHiragana. If this poetry were more dystopian, he might had chose 明日世界が終わる日に\n\nJapanese poetries or haiku usually contain much more Hiragana compared to the\nnormal writings because of the same reason. They try to evoke soft and warm\nemotions or memories.\n\nAnd also too much of Kanji in a text reduces readability because of its\ndensity. Even in the normal writings, it is recommended that writing a text\nwith 30% Kanji and 70% Hiragana for easier readability.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T18:16:54.210", "id": "99118", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T18:16:54.210", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56161", "parent_id": "99104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "From the meaning of the poem, it seems that it was used for emphasis. The use\nof hiragana could also possibly have been used to make the poem appear more\nuniform visually, with the lines not varying too much in length (isometric\nstanza).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-10T17:15:56.057", "id": "99293", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-10T17:15:56.057", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55766", "parent_id": "99104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

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[ { "body": "If we look at the 6 entry for は in スーパー大辞林 :\n\n>\n> 動作・作用の行われる条件・事態を表す。現代語では「ては」の形で用いられるが，古語では「ずは」「くは」「しくは」などの形をとることもある。「不正があって―ならない」「おこられて―大変だ」「会社として―万全の備えをするつもりです」「忘れて―夢かとぞ思ふ/伊勢\n> 83」「あらたまの年の緒(オ)長くあひ見ず―恋しくあるべし/万葉\n> 4408」「鶯の谷よりいづるこゑなく―春くることをたれかしらまし/古今（春上）」「恋しく―形見にせよとわが背子が植ゑし秋萩/万葉 2119\n\ntranslation:\n\n> Indicates a condition or situation in which an action or an effect takes\n> place. In modern language it is used in the 「ては」form, but in archaic\n> Japanese it sometimes takes the form 「ずは」「くは」「しくは」, etc.\n\nSo apparently しくは is a form from old japanese that is still used in modern\njapanese .\n\n> I would like to know if you can do the same with other i-adjectives to form\n> expressions. If so, could you please give me some examples?\n\nAs far as i have searched it does actually , here is an example from japanese\nmedia that i searched :\n\n1 正しくは 天空魔な Strictly speaking, it's Sky Magic. fairy tail", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T20:21:44.903", "id": "99120", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T22:37:44.013", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-30T22:37:44.013", "last_editor_user_id": "50156", "owner_user_id": "50156", "parent_id": "99117", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Your understanding 人に助言をして欲しいタイプ= _the type that want to be advised by others_\nis correct, but in Japanese 助言をしてほしい is not passive, which may be the source\nof confusion.\n\nCompare\n\n * 私は彼に助言をしてほしい I want him to advise (to me)\n\nSo a more literal translation of 人に助言をして欲しい is _(Subject) wants someone to\nadvise_ , so that 人に助言をして欲しいタイプ means _a type of people who wants someone to\nadvise_ = _a type of people who wants to be advised_.\n\nSince you can say 誰かから助言が欲しい, から works instead of に, as you guessed.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-30T23:04:37.637", "id": "99121", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-30T23:04:37.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99119", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "This is similar to the に in `～に〜をもらう` or `〜に [V て-form]-もらう`, which also\ndenotes the agent of an action. In fact, you can rephrase 人に助言をして欲しい as\n人に助言をしてもらいたい.\n\n人から助言をして欲しい is OK, but it sounds a bit like the speaker wants others to\nproactively give advice to them. に sounds more neutral without this nuance of\n“proactive”.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T00:06:20.160", "id": "99122", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T05:48:27.310", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-31T05:48:27.310", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99119", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "べきは is a more pompous, not casual, way of saying べきことは.\n\n * 今やるべきことは待つことだ。 \n今やるべきは待つことだ。 \nWhat we should now is wait.\n\nべき is the attributive (連体) form of べし, and using it like a noun is basically\nan old way of speaking Japanese, although this is found in many patterns of\nmodern Japanese:\n\n * [Plain Verb followed by がよい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64661/5010)\n * [How can （の）目指すは be grammatical?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12538/5010)\n\nThat said, べき is already a stilted word, so the difference between べきは and\nべきことは is not very large.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T03:14:55.573", "id": "99130", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T03:22:39.457", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-31T03:22:39.457", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99129", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The core image is shared with the normal usage. You do something in\npreparation for something that you expect to happen.\n\nHowever, in this usage, `[V て-form]-おく` is always followed by something that\ngoes contrary to the speaker’s expectations. Even the normal て-form\nconjunction (`[V て-form]-おいて`) works adversatively in this case. What follows\nis something the speaker thinks the doer of the action (the main character in\nyour case, with the action being 住む) should be prepared for but turned out not\nto be. The god is accusing the main character for not knowing him (or for not\nbeing prepared for that knowledge) despite living near his shrine. It doesn’t\nmean the main character chose to live there in preparation for anything. He\njust lives there. The action and the expectations are linked in the speaker’s\nmind.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T08:12:33.303", "id": "99132", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T08:12:33.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99131", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "You've entirely left out the last part of the sentence as the comment points\nout.\n\n'The richer their lifestyle grows, the more anxious (不安) they grow that they\nwill lose their comfortable lifestyle.'\n\n今の快適な暮らしがなくなってしまうのではないか - 'Will [we] perhaps lose [our] current comfortable\nlifestyle?'\n\nと - quote particle\n\n不安で不安で仕方がなくなるのです - '[They] grow helplessly anxious'", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T11:24:37.970", "id": "99134", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T17:53:47.170", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-31T17:53:47.170", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "99133", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "焦点が合う is simply \"(someone's eyes) being in focus\", so it should be clear that\nthis should mean \"(Someone) gazed absentmindedly with unfocused eyes\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T22:33:24.317", "id": "99141", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-31T22:33:24.317", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "99137", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "さすがにそこはね is just emphasizing her rationale for not buying a tablet when she is\nnot even sure if she can draw on paper nicely while avoiding repetition. If I\ncomplete the sentence it would be something like\nさすがに使いこなせるかどうかもわからないタブレットにお金を払うことはできない。\n\n幅が広がるような気がして means \"it would broaden my horizon somehow\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-31T22:06:20.900", "id": "99139", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-30T03:42:27.350", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-30T03:42:27.350", "last_editor_user_id": "627", "owner_user_id": "12367", "parent_id": "99138", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "さすがにそこはね is often used to express the idea that even though the speaker (or\nsomebody else) has done something negative or unfavorable, there's a certain\nlimit or boundary they would not cross. It's a way to admit to a fault or\nnegative aspect, while also emphasizing that there are still some lines they\nwon't cross.\n\nWhat she concretely means in this context is ambiguous IMO. It could mean \"I\nmight be prone to buying stuff to feel good (形から入る) but even I am not going as\nfar as buying an (expensive) tablet before I'm good enough\".\n\nA more obvious example is:\n「え、落とした財布拾ってあげたの？落とし主のことすごい嫌ってたのに？」「さすがにそこはね。いくら嫌いなやつでも財布落としてたら拾ってあげるよそこはさすがに」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-29T13:17:45.510", "id": "100831", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-29T13:17:45.510", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "99138", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Shall we fight then ? (the opponent is the subject) (with the nuance of\nteasing/ provoking people like :\"What are you waiting for ? Hit upvote and\naccept my answer !! \" )", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-01T06:01:33.697", "id": "99144", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-01T06:01:33.697", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "99140", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In this case, the subject could be either the speaker or the listener, but\nit's important to note that based on context, the conveyed meaning **does not\nchange** for either subjects.\n\n> 俺が始めてみるか (monologue, saying to self: should I start and see?) \n> お前、始めてみるか (saying to other: you! start and see?)\n\nEither way, you know these two are gonna fight. The Japanese language is\nlargely dependent on context and is inherently ambiguous. (Ex. 社長に紹介されます. Who\nis doing the introduction?) So, we have to always speak from context when\nlooking at meanings of sentences. In this case, the conveyed meaning does not\nchange for either subject. If the meanings were to change with the subject,\nthen people can deduce which one is the intended meaning from the context.\nSince there are two different meanings(unlike this case), one must be much\nmore likely over the other from context. If both are equally likely, then the\nspeaker must re-word something to clear the ambiguity. Just like in the\nexample 社長に紹介されます.\n\n> 社長に紹介されました I was introduced to the boss (by someone). \n> 社長に紹介されました I was introduced by the boss (to someone).\n\nHere, without more sentences to give more context, two meanings are equally\nlikely. But with `始めてみるか` and the context that `opponents with swords about to\nstart a battle`, there is no ambiguity at all. Who's the exact subject then,\nyou ask? Sorry, I don't think that even a native speaker can answer that\nquestion for you, as **the Japanese language is inherently ambiguous**.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-01T06:03:12.023", "id": "99145", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-01T06:03:12.023", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99140", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Are you aware of the compound 人気{にんき} \"popularity\"? With that in mind, you\nshould be able to translate the phrase:\n\n> 人気のパンが売り切れる \n> Popular bread sells out.\n\nAs a side note, you should probably start using a dictionary. Copy-pasting the\nunknown word into a resource such as <https://jisho.org> would easily show you\nthe correct reading and meaning for an unknown word.\n\nAdditionally, that's katakana ウ that you've used in the screenshot, which is\nsimilar in shape but distinct from hiragana う.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-01T00:42:58.450", "id": "99143", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-01T00:54:09.557", "last_edit_date": "2023-04-01T00:54:09.557", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "99142", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "The もの adds exactly the nuance of '相当する', i.e., something that is equivalent\nto the thing but not the thing itself. E.g. ノーベル賞もの says it _deserves_ a Nobel\nprize, and doesn't say that a Nobel prize is actually awarded.\n\nA translation that comes to my mind is _that could lead to_ , even if not very\nidiomatic in English.\n\n * 冷や汗もの： something that would make you (could lead to) cold sweat\n * ノーベル賞もの： something that could result in a Nobel prize\n * 眉唾もの：something that would make you [眉に唾をつける](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%9C%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%B0)\n\nInstances that come off the top of my head are:\n\n * 噴飯もの： _absurd_. (thing that makes you laugh and spit up things in the mouth)\n * 表彰もの： _award-worthy_\n * 懲罰もの： _a thing that potentially results in a punishment_ (E.g., 三日も遅刻したら懲罰ものだ）", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-01T23:18:14.733", "id": "99154", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-01T23:18:14.733", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99147", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "At least in modern Japanese, いまひとつ no longer means \"yet another\". This phrase\nnow always means \"(not terrible, but) not up to snuff\" or \"not really\n(perfect)\". デジタル大辞泉\n[has](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BB%8A%E4%B8%80%E3%81%A4/) an\nexample of \"いまひとついかがですか\", but this is something we might see only in older\nnovels.\n\nAccording to [this article](https://kangaeruhito.jp/article/3586), the modern\nいまひとつ is a relatively recent expression that only came into use in the 1950's.\nAt first, it was a [negative polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010) that was always\nfollowed by 欠く, 足りない, 分からない, etc., indicating that only \"one more piece\" is\nmissing for perfection (or full understanding, etc). Later, this started to be\nused without an explicit negation. So something like \"one more piece\" became\nan ordinary no-adjective meaning \"not up to scratch\".\n\nThere are similar expressions such as もうひとつ, いま一歩, もう一息. These tend to be used\nwith some form of negation, but it's not a requirement. (Of course, もうひとつ also\nmeans \"yet another\".) いまいち emerged in the 1970's as a colloquial/slang version\nof いまひとつ, but it's now widely used in formal documents as well.\n\nSee also: [Why does いまいち have the meaning of \"not\ngood\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13503/5010)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T09:17:22.223", "id": "99175", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T09:17:22.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99148", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "It simply means \"I want to love all the way to the end\", or something like \"I\nwant to exhaust my love\".\n\n愛し尽くす is made of 愛する(to love) and 尽くす(to exhaust, to complete to the end), and\nthis is a pretty simple combined verb, nothing much to be discussed here.\n\nAlso, NEVER trust Google Translate or DeepL fully. You can use them as a\nreference or to check the meaning of single words(even then it's not\nreliable), but it should not be considered authoritative at all.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-02T17:45:09.487", "id": "99163", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-02T17:45:09.487", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99151", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As a native Japanese speaker, I use たら without thinking how it works, but [たら\nhas multiple roles](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1784/5010). According\nto the link, when たら is followed by a clause showing intent, invitation,\nrequest, etc., it usually refers to the time when the said action is complete.\nFor example, 食べたら教えて means \"Tell me when you _finished_ eating\". You must not\nuse the teiru-form in basic cases. 準備する is a verb that means \"to prepare\". I\nthink it's a plain action verb like 走る and 食べる. That's why you have to say\n準備したらおいで in basic cases.\n\nHowever, since たら has many roles, we say 準備してたら or 準備できてたら in certain\nsituations. Note that, just as 走っている or 食べている, 準備して(い)る can mean either \"is\npreparing\" (progressive) or \"has prepared = is ready\" (perfective), depending\non the context.\n\n * 準備してたらおいで。 \n= 準備できてたらおいで。 \nIf you're (already) ready (now), come (but if you're not ready yet, don't\ncome).\n\n * 旅行の準備してたら古いアルバムを見つけた。 \nI was preparing for a trip and found an old album.\n\n * もっと準備してたら成功しただろう。 \nIf I had been better prepared, I would have succeeded.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T07:44:01.167", "id": "99174", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T07:44:01.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99152", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "We should distinguish たら as a substitute for a simple conditional form ending\nwith 〜ば from the “proper” たら which is not interchangeable with it. (I say\n“simple” because the 〜ば form is the most straightforward conditional with its\nfocus on whether a certain condition is true or not.)\n\nWhen the main clause is in non-past tense talking about what someone will or\nwould do under a certain condition, the proper たら is used with a verb that is\nviewed as an instantaneous action or change. Imagine a point on an imaginary\ntimeline marking the **beginning** of the condition under which the event of\nthe main clause will or would happen, not a line segment corresponding to the\nperiod during which that condition is true. たら specifically puts focus on that\none point and that’s the main difference from the 〜ば form. So it has to be\n準備（を）したら or 準備（が）できたら. “Upon doing …” might convey this imagery better to\nEnglish speakers than “if” or “when”.\n\nAnother usage of the proper たら is to talk about a discovery or realization\nsomeone made upon doing something. The main clause is always in past tense in\nthis usage. The requirement for spontaneity gets relaxed and たら can be used\nwith a 〜ている form, or the verb いる for that matter, as long as it refers to a\nvolitional act. A 〜ている form is understood as an ongoing action at the end of\nwhich the event of the main clause happened. The focus of the sentence is\nplaced on that point (i.e. the time of the discovery or realization).\n\n> プレゼンの準備をしていたら夜になっていた。\n\nNow, if you see たら used with a 〜ている form in other cases, you can safely assume\nit is interchangeable with a simple conditional form. 準備（を）して（い）たら is\nunderstood as meaning the same as 準備（を）して（い）れば. It simply means if said\ncondition is true. How this 〜ている form is understood is up to the context as is\nthe case with the 〜ば form. The person may be in the middle of some preparation\nor they may have completed it and are ready now. And that person may be\ndifferent from the person you are inviting to come.\n\nThis usage of たら sounds colloquial and you probably should avoid it in formal\nwriting. Some dialects tend to use this たら more liberally than standard\nJapanese, which is based on a dialect spoken in or around Tokyo.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T09:53:22.803", "id": "99176", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T13:00:01.463", "last_edit_date": "2023-04-03T13:00:01.463", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99152", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "なんじゃ can be a form of なのでは, なのだ, and なんだ. The じゃ part by itself can be either\nでは or だ. You need to see the context (especially the type of the person who is\nsaying なんじゃ).\n\n 1. なんじゃ = なのでは \n(ん is an [explanatory-の](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010); じゃ\nis a contracted version of では)\n\n> * 今日は月曜日なんじゃ? = 今日は月曜日なのでは? \n> Isn't it Monday today?\n> * 学生なんじゃ免許は取れない。 = 学生なのでは免許は取れない。 \n> If he's a student, he cannot get a license.\n\n 2. なんじゃ = なのだ \n(ん is an explanatory-の, じゃ is an [old man's\ncopula](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34193/5010))\n\n> * わしは100歳なんじゃ。 = わしは100歳なのだ。 \n> I am 100 years old.\n\n 3. なんじゃ = なんだ \n(なん is 何 meaning \"what\", じゃ is an old man's copula)\n\n> * これはなんじゃ？ = これはなんだ？ \n> What is this?\n\nNote that 2 and 3 are only said by stereotypical old people (mainly in\nfiction), while 1 is something that can be heard in an ordinary business\nsettings in real life.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T06:50:40.010", "id": "99173", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T06:56:05.363", "last_edit_date": "2023-04-03T06:56:05.363", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99153", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "* グー: \"(closed) fist\" ( _rock_ as in the _rock-paper-scissors_ game)\n * 手加減なし: \"no holding back\", \"pulls no punches\", \"merciless\". なし is a kind of suffix. See: [What does 「なし」in 「問題なし」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17896/5010)\n * ～じゃん: \"huh?\", \"you know?\", \"isn't it?\"\n\n> しかもグーでとか手加減なしじゃん！！！ \n> And (hitting) with a fist? That's too merciless, isn't it!?\n\nTo understand this, you need to know that a [typical _tsukkomi_\ngesture](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2021/07/tsukkomi-gesture.html) is\ndone with an open hand. MC jokingly suggested グーで殴っていい (\"You can punch Kotori\nwith a closed fist\"), which is too merciless (手加減なし) as a _tsukkomi_ , so\nKotori pointed this out.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T05:43:10.150", "id": "99172", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T05:43:10.150", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99155", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]