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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25679",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a translation question: Below sentences are from a longer text about\ndoctors, their patients and those \"declaration of consent\" forms that patients\noften have to sign to receive treatment.\n\n身近な家族や友人、知人の経験から自分の病気に対する取り組みを決める患者も非常に多い。患者本位の診療をしたいと、自分の理想とする医療の実現を目指して一生懸命になってインフォームドコンセントを得ようとしながら挫折する若い医師は珍しくない。\n\nI am not quite sure if I understand the second sentence correctly. The first\none is clear I think i.e. patients (tend to) ask their friends etc. for\nlaymen-diagnosis and treatments.\n\nDoes the 2nd mean smth like \"Despite of those declaration of consents many\ndoctors are frustrated about patients trying to push through their self-\ndiagnosis\"? Thx for help :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T05:21:41.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25677",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T09:32:30.060",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "2965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation-Question:",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "Does this help?\n\n>\n> 「患者本位の診療をしたい」と(考えて）、自分の理想とする医療の実現を目指して、一生懸命になってインフォームドコンセントを得ようとしながら、挫折する若い医師は珍しくない。\n\nI guess the above can be roughly translated into something like\n\n> It is not unusual to see young MDs getting frustrated by failing to practise\n> informed consent as a form of patient-oriented treatment in their pursuit of\n> ideal medication.\n\nCaveat: the above translation is not verbatim.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T06:50:46.760",
"id": "25679",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T07:12:54.743",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-14T07:12:54.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25677",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 25677 | 25679 | 25679 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25688",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does the word 「なんざ」 mean?\n\n> ふざけんじゃねえよ パンチに理{り}屈{くつ} **なんざ** 無{む}用{よう}だい!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T06:32:19.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25678",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-14T01:39:38.450",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-14T01:39:38.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does the word 「なんざ」 mean?",
"view_count": 1797
} | [
{
"body": "\"なんざ\" is a colloquial form of \"など\" + \"は\".\n\nThus I would translate\n\n> パンチに理屈なんざ無用だい\n\ninto\n\n> No reasoning/justification is necessary for punches/fist-fighting.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T06:58:15.230",
"id": "25680",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T07:05:59.700",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-14T07:05:59.700",
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{
"body": "「なんざ」＝「なんぞ + は」, originally.\n\n「～～なんぞは」⇒「～～なんざあ」⇒「～～なんざ」\n\nThe last two are heard almost exclusively around Kanto.\n\nMeaning: Same as 「なんかは」 or 「などは」. (\"Stuff like ~~\", \"~~ and such\", etc. )",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T12:49:51.493",
"id": "25688",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 25678 | 25688 | 25688 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to talk about pop culture and anime with my friends in the near future\nbut I definitely don't have the vocabulary.\n\nThe dictionary on \"to identify\" was rather unhelpful as there are other\nmeanings of the verb in English.\n\nHow can I ask someone\n\n> Do you identify with the main character?\n\nI guess for \"main character\" I can say 主人公. That was not so hard to find in\nthe dictionary.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T08:53:36.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25682",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T10:41:42.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "How to say \"do you identify with\"?",
"view_count": 470
} | [
{
"body": "Provided you mean 2.2 of this ->\n<http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/identify> by \"to\nidentify with\", I would say\n\n> 主人公に共{きょう}感{かん}できる？ or 主人公に感{かん}情{じょう}移{い}入{にゅう}できる？\n\nCaveat: the above are not verbatim translations.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T10:41:42.960",
"id": "25687",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 25682 | 25687 | 25687 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25684",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of my friends has been making a real effort talking to me in Japanese\nevery day. I wanted to say something like \"If we continue at this rate I will\nbe able to speak by Christmas\". The dictionary thinks that at this rate is\nこの分。\n\nSo my question is, is it natural correct Japanese if I say\n\n> この分に続いたら、クリスマスまで話せるようになるわよ\n\n?\n\nI suspect that not. It feels like there is a word missing like この分のスピードに or\nsomething like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T08:57:00.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25683",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "How to say \"at this rate\"?",
"view_count": 1651
} | [
{
"body": "There are many ways to say \"at this rate\" in Japanese but the more common ones\nare:\n\n> 「この調子{ちょうし}だと/なら」、「このペースだと/なら」、「このままいけば」, etc.\n\nAny one of these would fit your sentence with no problem.\n\nRegarding 「この分{ぶん}」, you could use it by adding 「なら」 or 「だと」 to it, but not\n「に」 as you formed it. You cannot say 「この分に続いたら」, though it was a nice try. You\ncan say 「この分だと」.\n\nNote: It is 「クリスマスまで **に** 」 and not 「クリスマスまで」.\n\n～～まで **に** = by ~~\n\n～～まで = until ~~\n\nUse 「まで」 and you will be saying that you are only allowed to speak Japanese\nuntil Christmas. You can speak Japanese after Christmas, too, you know.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T09:16:35.243",
"id": "25684",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T09:16:35.243",
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{
"body": "I would say\n\n> このまま続ければ、クリスマスまでには話せるようになるわよ\n\nfor\n\n> If we continue at this rate I will be able to speak by Christmas.\n\nCaveat：\"If we continue at this rate\" literally (= in a verbatim fashion)\ntranslates into \"私達がこの速さで(努力を)継続すれば\". See 1.1 of this ->\n<http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rate> .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T10:01:14.853",
"id": "25685",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T12:35:36.150",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-14T12:35:36.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25683",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 25683 | 25684 | 25684 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I believe the latter is not the passive form of 帰る, so what makes it\ndifferent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T15:04:38.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25692",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T15:28:32.953",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T15:28:32.953",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"words",
"conjugations",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「帰る」and 「帰れる」？",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "【帰る】 is the plain form.\n\n【帰れる】 is the potential form, so to express that you can go back.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T11:27:45.640",
"id": "25744",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T11:27:45.640",
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| 25692 | null | 25744 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25696",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In cases where the original wording of a quotation sounds strange, and thus\nthe Japanese translation of it sounds unnatural, my advisor says I need to add\na note each time in my academic paper to tell the reader that the quote is\nliterally translated to Japanese from unusual wording in the original.\n\nIs there a standard format for this in Japanese academic writing? Or how can I\nindicate this to the reader so he/she doesn't assume I mis-translated?\n\nFor example, my translation:\n\n> 保子夫人が回復したという電報の知らせを受けたとき、宮部は「…もしかしたらあなたが危篤状態だったのかもと思い、 **電撃** を受けた」と述べ、\n\nfrom the English original wording:\n\n> When Miyabe received a cablegram notifying him that his wife was feeling\n> better, he confessed that “it gave me an **electric shock** , intimating you\n> had been once perhaps very seriously ill,”\n\n\"It gave me a shock\" sounds normal in English but Miyabe's extra-dramatic\n\"electric shock\" is not common, so how can I let the reader know that 「電撃」 is\na translation of his specific word choice? Should I put a brief note in\nparentheses inside of the quotation, like this:\n\n> 保子夫人が回復したという電報の知らせを受けたとき、宮部は「…もしかしたらあなたが危篤状態だったのかもと思い、電撃（\n> **宮部の創造的な原作に忠実である翻訳** ）を受けた」と述べ、",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T15:56:50.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25693",
"last_activity_date": "2015-09-04T04:23:59.970",
"last_edit_date": "2015-09-04T04:23:59.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "4547",
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"set-phrases",
"quotes",
"jargon",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "In Japanese, how do you tell the reader that a quotation is literally translated from the original when the original sounds strange?",
"view_count": 450
} | [
{
"body": "I think 電撃 is not so strange as a translated material, but anyway...\n\nI'm afraid I don't know the standard way to assert your translation of a\ncertain expression is correct without disclosing the original English phrase.\nSomething like `（この部分は原文を直訳したもの）` might work, but that's annoying and\nuncommon.\n\nIn general, it's a common practice to specify the original English wording\nusing 訳注 (translator's note) like this:\n\n> 「……危篤状態だったのかもと思い、電撃 **（訳注：原文はelectric shock）** を受けた」\n\nIf you really need to add a long comment about a certain phrase, do so in a\nfootnote:\n\n> 「……危篤状態だったのかもと思い、電撃[訳注1]を受けた」と述べ、…… \n> -------- \n> 訳注1: 原文はelectric shock\n\nor at least outside the quotation to preserve readability, depending on the\nstyle guideline you have to follow.\n\n> 「……危篤状態だったのかもと思い、電撃を受けた」と述べ（注：「電撃」は原文のelectric shockを直訳したもの）、……",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T17:55:19.263",
"id": "25696",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "25693",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 25693 | 25696 | 25696 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question is what **そう君と二人** means in this sentence:\n\n> **そう君と二人** で冷たい月に手を伸ばして （Sō kimi to futari de tsumetai tsuki ni te wo\n> nobashite)\n\nI know that _tsumetai tsuki ni te wo nobashite_ means something among the\nlines of _\" reach out your hand toward the cold moon\"_, but I just can't seem\nto figure out what to do with **そう君と二人**. As far as I know, it means _\" So you\nand 2 people(...)\"_, though I don't really know how I should convey it into\nthe full sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T16:02:58.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25694",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T04:49:23.253",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-28T04:49:23.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "10626",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of そう君と二人 in the sentence below?",
"view_count": 1543
} | [
{
"body": "「そう」, in this context, means \"yes\", not \"so\". (For fairness, one could argue\nthat \"yes\" and \"so\" are related as they are both used for affirmation.) It is\nthe introspective kind of \"yes\" that one uses to affirm and/or remember an\nevent involving oneself.\n\nThis 「そう」 is quite often used in song lyrics, light poetry, romantic letters,\netc.\n\n「君{きみ}と二人{ふたり}」 means \"you and I\" or \"the two of us\". It does **_not_** mean\n\"you and 2 people\" as you stated.\n\nSo, the whole line means:\n\n**_\"Yes, the two of us reach(ed) out our hands toward the cold moon.\"_**\n\n(It is impossible to decide on the tense because 「伸{の}ばして」 is not an natural\nsentence ending. More context needed to decide on the tense here.)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T16:33:38.393",
"id": "25695",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T16:33:38.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
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| 25694 | 25695 | 25695 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My question is about the meaning of the これで in\n\n> **これで** 失礼します.\n\nI've looked to see if I could find an explanation for it, but the many\n\"literal\" translations I found all seemed to use the word \"now\" in their\ntranslations in something like\n\n> Dewa kore de shitsurei shimasu > Well, I must be leaving now\n\nThe idea of これで apparently being translated as \"now\" doesn't sound right to me\nbut I can't find any explanations or questions about this very basic phrase.\nWhat does it actually mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T23:57:56.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25698",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-12T16:55:29.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-12T16:55:29.217",
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"owner_user_id": "10629",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the これで in これで失礼します",
"view_count": 1455
} | [
{
"body": "「これで」 here literally means \" ** _with this_** \", with \"this\" referring to the\nlast thing that has happened.\n\nTranslation exists for the benefit of the speakers of its target language, not\nthe speakers of its original language. That is why \" **now** \" is a valid\ntranslation of 「これで」, if not a literal one, because \"now\" is usually the time\nwhen the last thing has just happened.\n\n「失礼{しつれい}します」 does **not** mean \"I am leaving.\", either, if **_literal_**\ntranslation matters. It just means \"(I shall) do impoliteness.\" But who would\nwant to see \"With this, I shall do impoliteness.\" as a translation for\n「これで失礼します。」?\n\nThe public will eventually and naturally select the translation \"I am leaving\nnow.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T01:03:39.163",
"id": "25699",
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},
{
"body": "\"これで失礼します\" = \"at this point, I dismiss myself.\"\n\nFor the record, the famous \"さよ(う)なら\" is a contraction of the expression\n\"さようならば、これにて失{しつ}礼{れい}仕{つかまつ}る\" used by samurai's, which in turn means \"the\nsituation being like that, at this point, I have the honour of dismissing\nmyself.\"\n\nNote that \"これにて\" is a classical form of \"これで\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T02:14:42.427",
"id": "25704",
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
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"score": 2
}
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| 25698 | null | 25699 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25701",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've observed that when someone wants to say 'poor thing', they say something\nlike 'kawaii sonna' and I know that kawaii means cute. Can someone please\nexplain? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T01:44:08.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25700",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T12:11:54.823",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-16T12:11:54.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "10628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"usage",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why do they say 'kawaii' for 'poor thing'?",
"view_count": 31740
} | [
{
"body": "You are mixing i-adjective [かわいい ( _kawaii_ , \"cute,\nlovely\")](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8F%E3%81%84%E3%81%84) with\nna-adjective [かわいそう ( _kawaisō_ , \"poor,\npitiful\")](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8F%E3%81%84%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86).\nThese are simply different, although they [share the same\netymology](http://gogen-allguide.com/ka/kawaii.html). かわいい（かはゆし） actually\nmeant 'pitiful' in old Japanese, but there was a shift in meaning many years\nago.\n\nWe say おいしそう ( _oishi-sō_ , \"looks yummy\"), たのしそう ( _tanoshi-sō_ , \"looks\namusing\"), etc., but we don't say かわいそう to mean \"looks cute\", because it's\nconfusing. Basically whenever you hear かわいそう ( _kawaisō_ ), that must mean\n\"poor\".\n\nFor more information, please refer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3126/5010).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T01:48:27.483",
"id": "25701",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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},
{
"body": "To be specific, what sounds like \"Kawaii sonna\" is probably acually \"kawaisou\nna\". Kawaisou, as explained, means pitiable and na is similar to ne, but is\nmore informal and gives the sentence slightly more of an exclamatory feel.\n\nCompare \"atsui na\", frequently used in hot weather, and meaning essentially\n\"Gosh, it's hot isn't it\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-23T02:56:32.560",
"id": "28824",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-23T02:56:32.560",
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"body": "Well, I'm not an expert on Japanese, but as a Chinese who is learning\nJapanese, I'd like to offer something from this perspective.\n\nThe dictionary says かわいい can be written as 可愛い while かわいそう can be written as\n可哀相. For a Chinese this seems quite straight-forward. You see, in Chinese, 愛\nmeans \"love\" and 哀 means \"pity\", and these two characters have the same\npronunciation \"ai\", except for a difference in tone. Since Japanese doesn't\nhave the tone system of Chinese, it is natural that they are pronounced\nidentically in Japanese.\n\nBy the way, 可/か means \"-able\", therefore 可愛 is \"lovable, cute\" and 可哀 is\n\"pitiable, poor\". 相/そう means \"look, appearance\".\n\nThese two words, in the eye of Chinese people, totally look like loan words /\ncalque / words created by Japanese people using Chinese word roots. But again,\nI'm not an expert in Japanese etymology. They and their Chinese counterparts\ncertainly could be just false friends.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T07:10:06.873",
"id": "34159",
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| 25700 | 25701 | 25701 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've observed that sometimes people say something like 'domo' instead of\n'arigato'. According to my observation it happens mostly when people don't\nreally know eachother or in similar situations. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T02:00:31.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25702",
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"owner_user_id": "10628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "When do I use domo instead of arigato?",
"view_count": 52
} | []
| 25702 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25718",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a Japanese word for \"XY problem\"? (The phrase comes from\n[here](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/66377/what-is-the-xy-problem)\nand [here](http://xyproblem.info/))\n\n> **XY problem** - _asking about your attempted solution rather than your\n> actual problem._\n\nOr should I write 「XYプロブレム」or should I just describe the \"XY problem\" word\nliterally ( _to get the close meaning of \"XY problem\" word_ )?\n\n**Edit: I will explain more with \"XY problem\" itself**\n\nXY problem is actually happens to _everyone_ , not just only programmer. I\nthink describing XY problem in paragraph will be tricky to understand, so I\nwill make the description in points first:\n\n 1. A person has a problem (let's call this _X problem_ )\n\n 2. The person has an idea to solve the problem (let's call this _Y solution_ ). Or you can call _Y solution_ is a _baseline_ to solve the problem\n\n 3. The person doesn't know how to do with the Y solution either\n\n 4. The person asks for help with Y\n\n 5. Others are trying to help with Y, but the person (or the others) thinks Y is too complicated (so the Y is useless)\n\n 6. At the end, this finally clear that the user really wants help with X, and the Y wasn't even a suitable solution for X.\n\n**Conclusion** The XY problem could be described with this\n([source](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/243965)):\n\n> 1. _The person asking the question_ asks the wrong question (which is\n> related to their attempted solution rather than the original problem), and\n> then finds it difficult to clarify the question because they are stuck on\n> their own solution. The proposed answers are unsatisfactory because they\n> don't address how to implement the author's solution.\n> 2. _People answering the question_ find it frustrating because the\n> proposed solution doesn't make sense to them ...\n>\n\nThis problem is very common in many Stack Exchange communities (I think\nJapanese.SE is also one of them). It's like a question has many answers but\nnone of them is accepted by the asker.\n\nThis inability to come up with a better solution is called Einstellung Effect\n([this article has clear explanation about this inability](http://io9.com/the-\neinstellung-effect-proves-that-a-good-idea-can-be-a-1632864076), but you may\nfind the specific explanation in Wikipedia).\n\n_Addition_\n\n> The best approach to prevent XY problem is _be yourself creative_. Keep\n> looking different solutions until you get the best one. In my point, when\n> you have many solutions to a problem, you need to do with your solutions\n> multitaskingly, so you're not falling into _Einstellung Effect or XY\n> problem_.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T08:23:02.923",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T10:29:47.383",
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"owner_user_id": "6896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a Japanese word for \"XY problem\"?",
"view_count": 509
} | [
{
"body": "I searched with Google, [Qiita](https://qiita.com/) (one of the largest\nprogrammers' how-to sites in Japanese), and Japanese Stack Overflow, and to my\nsurprise, I failed to find one single Japanese article introducing this 'XY\nproblem'. So I can safely say XYプロブレム or XY問題 is not recognized by Japanese IT\nworkers at all. (But is English \"XY problem\" widely used outside of Stack\nExchange in the first place?)\n\nUnless you want to be the first to introduce this word to Japanese people,\nhere are some existing Japanese phrases I could think of, which may carry the\nsimilar meaning.\n\n * 回【まわ】りくどい質問 ( _lit._ roundabout question)\n * 要領【ようりょう】を得【え】ない質問 ( _lit._ pointless question)\n * ポイントが分からない質問\n\nOr you can pick one of [these\nexpressions](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E8%A6%81%E9%A0%98%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T15:33:18.560",
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| 25705 | 25718 | 25718 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ゆめ人に洩らし給えそ Never breathe a syllable of it to any one! (ＮＥＷ斎藤和英大辞典)\n\nIs negative meaning here implied but not stated explicitly? ゆめ ＝ 必ず, そ = ぞ as\nbound particle (it could be negative final particle そ, maybe, but that follows\nrenyoukei/mizenkei according to this\n<http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D>）, 洩らす＋たまう in meireikei is positive,\nhonorific request.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T09:36:16.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25706",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T15:27:17.653",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Is the negative in ゆめ人に洩らし給えそ implicit?",
"view_count": 238
} | [
{
"body": "First, re the question in the title: the negative isn't implicit, it is, as\nuser10429 suspects, in the final /so/ (it is _also_ implicit in the /yume/, of\ncourse, since this is only used in negative sentences).\n\nBut if it is final /so/, why is the verb /tamae/ instead of the expected\n/tamai/? There are a couple of possible explanations:\n\n 1. The example in the dictionary is incorrect; it is not from real usage, and the person who wrote it didn't know how to use final /so/ properly\n 2. The example in the dictionary represents some form of real usage, but that real usage (say, combination of final /so/ with the imperative form of the verb) was idiosyncratic to a particular time/place (say, early 20th-C pseudoclassical literary Japanese) and has been forgotten now\n 3. The example in the dictionary is completely normal in terms of morphology; it is in fact the ren'yokei of /tamaeru/\n\nExplanation (1) basically allows us to treat this example as an aberration. We\ndon't need to revise our understanding of how final /so/ works if this is\ntrue. The difficulty is that we can never find positive evidence that\nexplanation (1) is true -- only ever-increasing amounts of evidence failing to\nfalsify it. (This is a standard philosophy of science issue, of course...)\n\nExplanation (2) would be the most interesting. We could prove it by finding\nother examples of this usage pattern, and this would expand our knowledge of\nhow final /so/ works. The example raised in comments, /osanago ni ataetamae\nso/ is a possible avenue for this. I'll explain it below.\n\nExplanation (3) seems very unlikely because, as broccoli forest's comment\nquoted above notes, /tamaeru/ is (to simplify) a \"humble-izer\" and it would be\nstrange to include it in an imperative construction like this.\n\nNow let's consider /osanago ni ataetamae so/. First of all, it should be noted\nthat this is the title of a translation by Okada Saburo of a short story by\nMax and Alex Fischer, original title \"On ne devrait faire aux enfants\",\ntranslated in English as \"Unto these little ones\" in the collection Estelle.\nThe title refers to a song by Massenat, lyrics Boyer, that plays a role in the\nstory. Here's the first stanza:\n\n> On ne devrait faire aux enfants \n> Nulle peine, même légère. \n> Ils sont si doux, ces innocents, \n> Suspendus au sein de leur mère!\n\nFor reference, here's the translation included in the English short story:\n\n> Unto these little ones, one should not mete \n> A grief, however slight, \n> Cradled upon a mother's breast, \n> They are so innocent, so sweet.\n\nNow if you look again at /osanago ni ataetamae so/ you will see that it is in\na 5/7 poetic form:\n\n> Osanago ni/ ataetamae so...\n\nClearly, /osanago ni ataetamae so/ is both title of the story and first few\nlines of the song, just as in the original.\n\nBut reconsider that part of the song: It's not in the imperative mood. Not\n\"Don't mete a grief, however slight...\", but \"One should not mete a grief,\nhowever slight...\"\n\nI am going to go out on a limb here and advance the hypothesis that Okada\nintentionally used /-tamae so/ instead of /-tamai so/ because he wanted to\nreproduce that not-quite-an-imperative feeling. Like, maybe his /-tamae/ is\nthe ren'yokei of some causative of /-tamau/, i.e. \"Do not allow a grief to be\nmeted...\" (although the standard way to do this would be to add the causative\nbit to the main verb and leave /tamau/ alone, e.g. /ik.ase.tamae/ \"let/cause\nto go\"). Maybe he's saying to hell with it and going full izenkei. I am not\naware of anything like this actually being a thing in pseudo-classical\nJapanese in the early 20th century, but I can certainly believe that a\ntranslator might experiment with such things even if it didn't stick.\n\nIf this is true, it would correspond to explanation (2), and it might make the\nexample sentence acceptable with a slightly indirect meaning: \"One should\nabsolutely not breathe a word of this to anyone.\" The way to prove this\nhypothesis would be to find other examples of Okada and ideally his peers\ndoing similar things. Even just tracking down Okada's translation and seeing\nhow the line works in context would be a start.\n\n====\n\nAnyway, this is all pretty abstract stuff... I am very curious about it now,\nbut I think as a basic answer, it would probably be best to summarize:\n\n 1. The negativity is in the /so/ and implicit in the /yume/\n 2. Setting aside the issue of whether the example is an error or not, one would certainly _expect_ to see it written /-tamai so/ instead of /-tamae so/.",
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| 25706 | null | 39093 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25714",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 部品が取り寄せになりますので、 少々お時間をいただきませんと。(We will have to order the parts, so it will\n> take a little time.)\n\nIs と at the end here some abbreviation of かと思います？ といけません？ just a question\nmarker like か?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T09:43:50.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25707",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-15T10:00:57.877",
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"owner_user_id": "10429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "\"と\" at the end indicates that the missing part is supposed to be easily\nspeculated and hence _left to the listener as an exercise._\n\nOne can guess e.g,\n\n> 部品が取り寄せになりますので、 少々お時間をいただきませんと揃いません = We will have to order the parts, so it\n> will take a little time to be available.\n\nOf course, the assumption \"easily speculated\" is often subjective.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T11:02:08.590",
"id": "25711",
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"body": "> Is と at the end here some abbreviation of かと思います？ といけません？\n\nThe と is not the quotative と (as in かと思います) but the subjunctive(?) と for the\n\"if\" clause (as in といけません).\n\nAs you may know, you say:\n\n> ～しないと。(= ～しないといけない。) \n> ～しなければ。(= ～しなければならない。) \n> ～せねば。(= ～せねばならない。) \n> ～しなくちゃ。(= ～しなくちゃいけない。) \n> etc.\n\nto mean \"have to do~~, should do~~, must do~~\", etc.\n\n> 部品が取り寄せになりますので、 少々お時間をいただきませんと。\n\nHere, the いただきませんと is the polite/formal version of もらわないと. \n(いただく is the humble form of もらう.)\n\n> (～を)もらわないと。(= (～を)もらわないといけない。)\n\nSo it literally means \"have to be given\". \nIn the polite/formal form, it would be:\n\n> (～を)いただきませんと。(= (～を)いただかないといけません。)\n\nIt practically means \"We need to be\ngiven~~.\"「～をいただく必要があります」。≒「～をいただきます。」/「～をください。(Please give us~~.)」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T11:32:37.103",
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| 25707 | 25714 | 25711 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25751",
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"body": "I was reading this question on English.SE [Is a lengthy combination of words\nwith hyphens like “the worst not-technically-in-a-recession year in American\nhistory” a new fashion of\nwriting?](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/84296/is-a-lengthy-\ncombination-of-words-with-hyphens-like-the-worst-not-\ntechnically-i/200472#200472).\n\nSurely, the combination could be _called and used in_ **nominalization** or\n**inversion** ([source](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/259442/is-\nthere-a-way-to-noun-a-prepositional-verb-phrase)), but the combination is very\nlong and usually it's intended as a form of light sarcasm or irony.\n\nI'll cite the example\n\n> ... The year’s second-quarter growth rate was just downgraded to an anemic\n> 1.3 percent, real household income dipped in the month leading up to the two\n> political conventions, and the American Enterprise Institute’s James\n> Pethokoukis suggests that 2012 might turn out to be the **worst not-\n> technically-in-a-recession year** in modern American history”.\n>\n> ([same source](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/84296/is-a-\n> lengthy-combination-of-words-with-hyphens-like-the-worst-not-\n> technically-i/200472#200472))\n\nIf I wanted to do a verbatim translation, my first method would _not be to\ntranslate the combination directly_ but _to make it standardized and\nstraightforward_. This method is used by [Mitch's answer in the English.SE\nquestion](https://english.stackexchange.com/a/84300/129283).\n\n> ... 2012 might turn out to be the **worst year in modern American history\n> not technically in a recession** :\n\nWhy? Because translating it like this is NG and could be ambiguous or doesn't\neven have any meaning and is hard to pronounce in Japanese:\n\n> ... 「最悪+[not technically in a recession]+年」 ...\n>\n> _This is simply bad \"nominalization\" in Japanese._\n\nMy questions are:\n\n 1. **Does this \"nominalization\" exist in Japanese?**\n 2. **If you were to translate it from the start, would you do it like I did in my first method (making it standard)?**",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T09:45:04.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25708",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "6896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does the Japanese equivalent of a lengthy combination of hyphenated English words exist?",
"view_count": 390
} | [
{
"body": "First, gobbledigook exists in almost every language. That said,\n\n> 1. Is this \"nominalization\" exist in Japanese?\n>\n\n\"Yes\" and \"No.\" \"No\" because the syntax of _traditional_ Japanese does not\ninclude \"-\" as one of its elements. And \"Yes\" because similar intricate\nconstructions do exist.\n\n> 2. If you were to translate it, in the beginning, will you do my first\n> method (making it standard)?\n>\n\nDefinitely. Why not? (I admit that attempt is not always successful, though.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T11:14:52.680",
"id": "25712",
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"body": "If we focus on the word order, _normal_ Japanese relative clauses look pretty\nmuch similar to this hyphen-combined English phrase. That is, a large\nmodifying clause can come _before_ the modified word.\n\n> * large-fish-eating cat 大きな魚を食べる猫\n> * not-technically-in-a-recession year 定義上は不況でない年\n> * I-wanna-marry-you-kinda liking\n> [お嫁さんにしたいの好き](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16020/5010)\n>\n\nSo the Japanese language usually doesn't need hyphens.\n\nIf you want to simulate the mild \"sarcastic\" effect, one way to do so is just\nto use brackets. Using 二重カギ括弧 (`『』`) more explicitly shows there's some\nspecial nuance implied in the content.\n\n> * 2012年は米国史上最悪の「定義上は不況でない」年となるだろう。\n> * 2012年は米国史上最悪の『定義上は不況でない』年となるだろう。\n>",
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| 25708 | 25751 | 25751 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25713",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard\n\n> これらの話は本当のことなのか\n\nfrom this [video clip about Gozo Shioda\nsensei](https://youtu.be/LD1enmK_5Ak?t=174).\n\nWhat is the purpose of なの in これらの話は本当のことなのか?\n\nIt seems to be redundant because\n\n> これらの話は本当なのか or これらの話は本当ですか\n\nmight be sufficient.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T09:57:09.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25709",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of なの in これらの話は本当のことなのか?",
"view_count": 375
} | [
{
"body": "> It seems to be redundant because これらの話は本当 _な_ のか or これらの話は本当ですか might be\n> sufficient.\n\nWell, if you think the expression これらの話は本当のことなのか has elements that can be\ndispensed with, _syntactically_ you are correct.\n\nMy guess is that the scenario incorporated the expression in view of\nemphasising the subject of the film.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T11:28:03.653",
"id": "25713",
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| 25709 | 25713 | 25713 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25717",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 最終ラウンドでチャンピオンのパンチが炸裂した. The champion's punch exploded in the final round.\n> (研究社 新和英大辞典 第５版)\n\nDid the punch hit really hard? Did it fail? Please explain what 炸裂 means in\nthe Japanese sentence above, I'm not sure what \"the punch exploded\" means in\nEnglish even and google isn't helping either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T12:59:14.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25715",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 炸裂 mean here?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "This is only my speculation so I am not sure it should be written as \"My\nAnswer,\" but...\n\nI guess the writer of the said sentence wanted to convey the meaning \"the\npunch was so hard that it looked exploded.\" Of course I may be wrong.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-15T13:04:55.170",
"id": "25716",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It hit really hard. I don't know if I can call it an idiomatic phrase, but\npunches, kicks, and so on can 炸裂 in Japanese.\n\nThe typical image of 炸裂 is shown in this video:\n\n<https://youtu.be/2yztv5QPp7o?t=1m13s>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T13:49:59.967",
"id": "25717",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-15T13:49:59.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 25715 | 25717 | 25716 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have two exercises which I don't exactly understand. I've already known that\nどちら is more polite form from どこ. This two could ask about place and\n\"what/which one\" .\"nan\" asks about \"kind of company\", isn't it? I've checked\nthe answers and it looks like that:\n\n 1. > A: おくには なん／どこ ですか。 \n> B: タイです。\n\nCorrect answer here is \"doko\" and I suppose it's because of the meaning \"what\ncountry\". Could it be wrong with \"nan\"?\n\n 2. > A: かいしゃは なん／どこ ですか。 \n> B: パワーでんきです。\n\nCorrect answer is \"nan\" and I don't understand it! Why it couldn't be \"doko\"?\nPlease explain me that.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T19:55:28.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25719",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-24T19:30:32.953",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-15T20:04:02.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "10637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between どこ and なん in this exercise?",
"view_count": 2272
} | [
{
"body": "> \"なん\" <- \"何{なに}\" which means \"what.\"\n>\n> \"どこ\" means \"where.\"\n\nThus\n\n> \"かいしゃは なん ですか。\" means \"what/which company are you working for?\"\n\nwhereas\n\n> \"かいしゃは どこ ですか。\" means \"where is the company you are working for located?\"\n\nBut I would say\n\n> どちら (の会{かい}社{しゃ}) に お勤{つと}めですか?\" to mean \"what/which company are you working\n> for?\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T02:38:31.237",
"id": "25732",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T02:38:31.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25719",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Thanks to @choco's research it's clear that the original right answers are\nboth どこ. Thus if you've been taught as かいしゃはなんですか？ here, something wrong must\nhave happened between the original text and you.\n\nSo,\n\n> _Could it be wrong with \"nan\"?_\n\nDefinitely. なん（なに） is only used when you ask about its quality. What you want\nto know by \"What is your country?\" usually can also be asked by \"Where are you\nfrom?\", I guess. In this case, the Japanese language always let どこ \"where\"\nrepresent the questioned. You could naturally say どこの国【くに】, どこの町【まち】,\nどこの会社【かいしゃ】 for \"what (lit. where) country/town/company\".\n\nIf you asked 会社【かいしゃ】はなんですか？ I'd take it as \"what kind of company\" or \"what\ntrade the company belongs to\" as best interpretations. If it were\nお国【くに】はなんですか？, my answer (if I were forced to make one) would be something\nlike \"a desert country\", \"a country of freedom\", \"a constitutional monarchy\ncountry\", or whatever.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS** \nAs an aside, どちら is also the polite substitute for どれ \"which\" and どっち \"which,\neither A or B\", as well as どこ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T15:19:02.377",
"id": "25745",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T15:24:13.107",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T15:24:13.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25719",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The book _Minna no Nihongo_ 1 says that:\n\n_Doko_ (where) is also used to ask for the name of the country, company,\nschool, organization, etc., that you belong to instead of _nan_ (what).\n_Dochira_ is more formal than _doko_.\n\n> A: かいしゃは なん／どこ ですか。 \n> B: パワーでんきです。\n\nThey answered by using a name. That means you need to use _doko_.\n\nI think if you use なん the question will be \"what type of company is ... ?\" or\n\"what type of country is ... ?\" for _[o]kuni_ , but I do not know if this is\naccurate.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-24T18:24:10.990",
"id": "43835",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-24T19:30:32.953",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-24T19:30:32.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19982",
"parent_id": "25719",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 25719 | null | 25745 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25729",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What changes, in these phrases? The change is the し for the せ. A friend told\nme that the second one was better for saying _I speak little japanese_.\n\n> 私は少し日本語を話 **し** ます。\n>\n> 私は少し日本語を話 **せ** ます。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T22:29:14.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25721",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T17:10:11.633",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"conjugations",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "少し日本語を話します and 少し日本語を話せます - What's the difference?",
"view_count": 13961
} | [
{
"body": "The second one is the **potential** form of the verb. I **can** speak a little\nJapanese. Although when using the potential, が is usually preferred over を.\n\n> 日本語 **が** 話せます\n\nHere are some references on the potential form.\n\n* * *\n\n * [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Potential)\n * [Tae Kim's Guide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/potential)\n * [The difference between が and を with the potential form of a verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/78)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T23:06:19.413",
"id": "25724",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-15T23:06:19.413",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "25721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Just copied & pasted from [my half-year-old\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19733/7810) (though the question\nitself isn't a duplicate):\n\n* * *\n\n> Though I translated 日本語を話す into \"speak Japanese\", the verb doesn't have \"be\n> able to speak\" sense, so every time you have to explicitly use potential\n> form when you question about ability.\n>\n\n>> 日本語が話せますか？ _Do you speak Japanese?_\n\n>\n> compared to:\n>\n\n>> 日本語を話しますか？ _Are you going to speak Japanese?_\n\n* * *",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-15T23:10:05.307",
"id": "25725",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T00:13:30.570",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 私は少し日本語を話します。\n\nI will speak a little Japanese. (starting now)\n\n> 私は少し日本語を話せます。\n\nI can speak a little Japanese. (the ability to speak)\n\nOn a side note, a quick grammar fix (leaving word order as is)\n\n私は少し日本語 **が** 話せます。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T01:29:09.140",
"id": "25729",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T01:29:09.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "25721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 25721 | 25729 | 25725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25728",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「どうせ誰も **いはしない** と高をくくっていたところもある。」\n\nThis one's throwing me for a bit of a loop. The translation says \"He also\ndidn't really take the possibility of anyone being there seriously.\"\n\nIt makes sense to me except for the いはしない part. What does this mean?\n\nI looked up い and saw that it can mean stomach, so my first thought was that\nいはしない was perhaps some idiom like \"not doing his stomach\" that means \"not\nbeing there\" but I can't find any evidence to justify that on the internet so\nI have to assume it's wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T00:41:38.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25727",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-05T04:52:14.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-25T08:50:35.417",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Meaning of 誰もいはしない in this sentence",
"view_count": 785
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence is _**not**_ about someone's stomach. If it were, 「い」 would have\ncertainly been written in kanji as 「胃{い}」. Besides, 「胃はしない」 makes no sense to\nbegin with.\n\n> 「Verb in 連用形{れんようけい} (continuative form) + は + しない」\n>\n> = \"would not (verb) one bit\" ← rather emphatic\n\n「い」 is the 連用形 of the verb 「いる」 (\"to be\", \"to exist\").\n\n> 「誰{だれ}も **い** はしない」, therefore, means \" _ **no one would be (there)**_ \"\n\nYou will encounter this grammar pattern over and over. That I can guarantee.\n\nNote that the 「は」 is occasionally replaced by a 「や」 in more informal speech.\n\nI have noticed over the years that when the single-syllable 連用形 of some of the\ntwo-syllable verbs (two in dictionary forms) is used in phrases and sentences,\nquite a few Japanese-learners do not seem to even notice that they are\nseeing/hearing a verb there. Verbs are too important to just not notice in any\nlanguage. Those verbs include:\n\n「い」 for 「いる」\n\n「し」 for 「する」\n\n「き」 for 「来{く}る」 and 「着{き}る」\n\n「み」 for 「見る」, etc.\n\n「し」 is the one most often used and this website is indeed full of questions\nregarding phrases containing it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T00:56:58.110",
"id": "25728",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-05T04:52:14.303",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-05T04:52:14.303",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "25727",
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"score": 15
}
]
| 25727 | 25728 | 25728 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25735",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't know anything about Japanese language; I'm just researching about\nJapan.\n\nI got an email that said _(This is summery)_ :\n\n**There is no meaning (concept) for sin in Japanese culture, and the shame is\nthe only deterrence concept _(means in some other countries people do not do\nbad things because it is sin!), and Japanese people are not familiar with the\nconcept of sin! ... Shame is an earthy concept and sin is a divine concept._**\n\nThen I used Google to translate sin to Japanese, Google returns せずに, I found\nout there is translation for sin in Japanese language, but I don't know about\nJapanese culture....\n\nIs the above bold statement true? Describe please",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T01:48:24.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25730",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T07:32:19.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9329",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"culture"
],
"title": "What is the real meaning of せずに in Japaneses language?",
"view_count": 1180
} | [
{
"body": "\"せずに\" means \"without doing.\" This is another instance that Google translator\ngives funny results.\n\nThat said:\n\nJapanese Christian texts generally translate \"sin\" into \"罪{つみ}\". This is not\nvery appropriate since \"罪\" primarily means \"crime.\"\n\nI guess the e-mail wants to convey something like...\n\nAs the majority of the Japanese are non-monotheistic, there is no concept of\n\"sin\" in their culture. Then how do they discipline themselves? The answer is\nthe concept of \"shame.\"\n\nIf you are interested in that viewpoint, I recommend you read \"The\nChrysanthemum and the Sword\" by Ruth Benedict.\n\n*** added ***\n\nI don't know if this helps, but...\n\n\"Sin\" in the monotheistic religions roughly means \"failure to fulfill his/her\ncontract with God.\" I don't believe the majorities of the Japanese think this\nto be equivalent to \"罪\".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T02:19:53.857",
"id": "25731",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T11:09:23.367",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T11:09:23.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Actually, there are many kinds of words meaning sin([罪]{つみ}) in Japanese\nlanguage.\n\nJapanese Wikipedia has a list of links to details about each kind of 罪.\n<https://goo.gl/ceJhFg>\n\nMore than 127 million Japanese people live in Japan now. Every Japanese person\nhas human rights and freedom. What Japanese people believe are diverse. So,\nthe reason someone does not do bad things is a personal matter with her/his\nreligious freedom or other kind of freedom. I think that thinking of this\nmatter as culture is not productive if you really want to know facts.\n\nBy the way, do we(human) have only two choices, sin or shame, in deterrence\nconcepts actually? **Where is love? Where are other important things to\nlive?** How can only Japanese people lack them except shame, with a fact that\neach Japanese person has a human body, human brain and human heart just like\npeople in other countries?\n\nAnyway, both you and your friend have human rights and freedom to believe\nanything. I respect that. But my answer here is **\"No, the bold statement is\nnot true. It's not even a fair way to analyze people in other culture.\"**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T04:54:09.067",
"id": "25735",
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"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "25730",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 25730 | 25735 | 25735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25741",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is it possible to use one なる with two adverbs to indicate becoming two\ndifferent things/states simultaneously? Can one say, for example, 速くて大きくなる to\nmean get quicker and bigger? Or would it have to be 速くなって大きくなる?\n\nEdit: Changed 早く to 早くて. Edit 2:早く changed to 速く.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T02:40:39.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25733",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T06:45:36.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "4187",
"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Can なる be used like this?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "\"早くて大きくなる\" sounds to me a bit weird since literally it translates into \"to\ngrow early.\" Do you mean \"premature growth\" by that?\n\n\"早くなって大きくなる\" sounds to me \"to grow swift and bigger,\" that is both \"早く\" and\n\"大きく\" sound as adjectives.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T02:52:41.857",
"id": "25734",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T05:43:00.843",
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},
{
"body": "Let's say we have this long and easy sentence:\n\n> iPhone 6 Plusは速くなって、(かつ)大きくなった。 \n> iPhone 6 Plus became faster, and (at the same time) became larger.\n\nYou can omit the first なる like this:\n\n> iPhone 6 Plusは速くて、(かつ)大きくなった。 \n> iPhone 6 Plus became faster and (at the same time) larger.\n\nNote that, in this form, the comma is optional. 「iPhone 6 Plusは速くて大きくなった」 is\nalso fine, and this is the answer to your question.\n\nThe reminder is to avoid confusion. We can even omit this て and say like this:\n\n> iPhone 6 Plusは速く、大きくなった。 \n> iPhone 6 Plus became faster and larger.\n\nThis simple and bold sentence is typically suitable for an ad. But in this\nform, **comma is important**. Without the comma after 速く, this sentence\nsuddenly appears as ambiguous and confusing, because 速く may serve as an adverb\nwhich modifies 大きく:\n\n> [?] iPhone 6 Plusは速く大きくなった。 \n> iPhone 6 Plus became quickly larger. [?] \n> iPhone 6 became larger (and it happened sooner than expected). [?]\n\nThis sentence would eventually be understood correctly with the aid of the\ncontext, because the topic is iPhone. But when we just hear \"はやくおおきくなる\", it is\nusually interpreted as \"to grow quickly\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T07:05:40.327",
"id": "25741",
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}
]
| 25733 | 25741 | 25741 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw that is correct to use が but I can't understand the differences between\nを and が",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T05:58:58.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25738",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T11:17:23.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10640",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Is it okay to say 日本語を好き?",
"view_count": 456
} | [
{
"body": "The difference is that \"suki\" is an adjectival-noun (the set of nouns which\nare closer in meaning to our adjectives, but function grammatically more like\nnouns). It stands in place of the English \"to like\", which is a verb -- hence\nthe confusion.\n\nIf it helps, try thinking about \"suki\" as meaning \"an enjoyable-to-Subject\nthing\" rather than \"I like [x]\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T06:03:15.207",
"id": "25739",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T06:21:15.670",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T06:21:15.670",
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"owner_user_id": "10641",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I don't know wether this is grammatically correct or not, but I would never\nsay it, but I think :\n\n> 日本語を好きになる\n\nSounds very natural, even though it doesn't really mean :\n\n> 日本語が好きだ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-16T11:17:23.893",
"id": "25743",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-16T11:17:23.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9539",
"parent_id": "25738",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 25738 | null | 25739 |
{
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"body": "I have some troubles understanding those particles 【では】、【には】、【とは】 etc.\n\nI completely understand and can use 【での】、【のに】 etc., but when 【は】 follows one\nother, I can't figure out how to use it and how to fully understand it.\n\nJust now, I heard in the anime called \"Fate/stay night UBW\":\n\n> 俺の知ってるとは違う！\n\nThe context is : A fight between 2 people that have already fought in the\npast, so they've already encountered each other's techniques and spells and\nknow most of them. There is a spell that \"B\" knows about and \"A\" uses an\nupdated version of it against \"B\", so he's like what the hell? And he says:\n\n> 俺の知ってるとは違う！\n\nAt that moment, I didn't have any problem understanding the sentence, and I\nfelt like saying 【とは】 was like a shortcut, that it was like saying:\n\n> 俺の知ってる魔法と違う！\n\nSo if I'm right, it's exactly the same for 【では】 and 【には】 right?\n\nI have a Japanese friend who I often talk to, and I often use these double\nparticles but without really thinking, and here is an example conversation:\n\n> 彼女 : このバンドは日本に人気だよ！ \n> 彼女 : フランスには人気なの？ \n> 俺 : フランスには超人気！\n\nSeems to be a boring talk but whatever lol, she says that this band is popular\nin Japan, then to avoid repeating herself, and add some contrast, she says:\n\n> As for in France, are they popular\n\nIs what I'm saying correct?\n\nAnd also, I have another question, if for example I want to tell the state of\nsomething, like \"In France it's normal\", what could I say? I would not be able\nto choose between:\n\n> フランスでは普通だ \n> フランスには普通だ\n\nI don't see the difference, can someone help me out please, thank you!",
"comment_count": 8,
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "とは、では、には Understanding of double particles",
"view_count": 4281
} | [
{
"body": "は is a subject marker and emphasises what one is talking about. However, there\nis no requirement that the subject that preceds the は need be noun. It can\nalso be a prepositional phrase.\n\n```\n\n 彼女 : フランスには人気なの？\n 俺 : フランスには超人気！\n \n```\n\nTaking your example. フランスには、is marking the subject of the phrase. It would be\nsimilar to the difference between these two phrases.\n\n```\n\n In France, this is a very popular band. \n This band is very popular in France.\n \n```\n\nIn English (similar to Japanese) what comes first (or in Japanese before the\nは) is given more focus to the reader/listener.\n\nHope this helps!",
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"body": "> 俺の知ってるとは違う！\n\nHere, the particle と needs to follow a 体言, such as の (nominalizer), もの, 魔法,\netc., so you can say:\n\n> 俺の知ってる **のと** 違う！ \n> 俺の知ってる **のとは** 違う！ \n> 俺の知ってる魔法 **と** 違う！ \n> or 俺の知ってる魔法 **とは** 違う！ \n> etc.\n\nThe は is the \"contrastive は\" (取り立て助詞), not the subject particle. The subject\nfor the 違う is not 俺の知ってる魔法(the spell that I know) but \"the spell that you just\nused\", i.e. \"an updated version of it\". It's saying 「(その魔法が/は*)俺の知ってるものとは違う」,\n\"It (=the spell you just used) is different from the one I know.\" (*が = the\nsubject particle, は = the topic particle)\n\n* * *\n\n> 彼女 : このバンドは日本に人気だよ！ \n> 彼女 : フランスには人気なの？ \n> 俺 : フランスには超人気！\n\nYou would normally say them this way:\n\n> 彼女 : このバンドは日本 **で** 人気だよ！(This band is popular in Japan.) \n> 彼女 : フランス **では** 人気なの？ (As for in France, it is popular?) \n> 俺 : フランス **では** / **でも** 超人気！(As for in France, / Also in France, ...)\n\n「～ **で** 人気だ」「～ **で** 有名だ」「～ **で** 知られている」 can mean \"is popular/famous/known\nin (place)\" (as in the conversation above) and \"is popular/famous/known for\n(reason)\", e.g. 「浜名湖はウナギ **で** 有名だ」「カリフォルニアはフルーツの生産 **で** 知られている」\n\n「～ **に** 人気だ」「～ **に** 知られている」 normally mean \"is popular among (people)\" \"is\nknown to (people)\", e.g. 「アニメは若者 **に** 人気だ」「その作品は世界中の人 **に** 知られている」\n\n* * *\n\nFor \"In France it's normal\":\n\n> フランスでは普通だ \n> フランスには普通だ\n\nI would say the former.\n\nRoughly speaking, で indicates the location where an action takes place (eg.\nフランスで勉強する) and に indicates the direction of an action (eg. フランスに行く), but there\nare exceptions such as ～にある、～にいる、～に住む etc.",
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| 25742 | null | 25793 |
{
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"body": "One of my dictionaries tells me that 世話になる means 'to receive a favour', but\nanother dictionary gives this as an example 「おばさんの世話になりました」which it translates\nas \"I was looked after by my aunt\". I guess in this example I can't treat\n世話になる as a verb because you can't write nounのverb, so what is the best way to\nunderstand this construct?\n\nIn another example I see\n\n> くまがたいへん世話になった人...\n>\n> The person from whom the bear received a favour (my translation)\n\nI think I'm happy with the grammar in that one.\n\nMy question is how do I use 世話になる correctly? How can I say\n\n> Bob received a favour from Alice,\n>\n> Bob helped out Alice\n>\n> and\n>\n> Bob was looked after by Alice\n\nPlease also help me to understand the grammar in each case. And if at the end\nof that you're still feeling generous with your time, how does 世話をする fit into\nthe picture. Many thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-16T16:08:22.063",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "The grammar of 世話になる",
"view_count": 1159
} | [
{
"body": "Here is my two cents:\n\n> Bob received a favour from Alice -> Bob は Alice に 良{よ}くして貰{もら}った\n\nA verbatim translation of \"to receive a favour\" is \"好{こう}意{い}を受{う}ける\" but I\nadvise not to use this expression unless you are talking about romantic\nsituations between the two.\n\nIf you are inclined toward \"世話になる\", you can say \"Bob は Alice の世話になった\".\n\n> Bob helped out Alice -> Bob は Alice を 援{えん}助{じょ}した\n\nIf you are inclined toward \"世話\", you can say \"Bob は Alice の世話をした\".\n\n> Bob was looked after by Alicee -> Bob は Alice に 面{めん}倒{どう}を見て貰った\n\nHere again, you can say \"Bob は Alice の世話になった\".",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T01:42:25.820",
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"body": "My first reaction upon reading this question, honestly, was to say to myself:\n\n_**\" Why would you use English 'translations' of the Japanese phrase for its\ngrammar analysis?\"**_ (I said that in Japanese, though.)\n\n> 「世話{せわ}になる」 vs. \"to receive a favor\" or \"to be looked after\"\n\n\"To receive a favor\" is in **active** voice and \"to be looked after\" is in\n**passive**. To me at least, that should be a problem big enough to prevent\nyou from a good and fair analysis of 「世話になる」, _**which is always in active\nvoice within Japanese**_.\n\nNotice that I am not questioning the accuracy of the two translations. They\nare actually OK. I am only saying that we should not be mislead by the\ncoexistence of two grammatically different translations.\n\nThe super-literal translation of 「世話になる」 would be \" _ **to become trouble\nto/for**_ \". While you may never use that in actual translation from Japanese,\nbut I feel it is imperative that you know that that is basically what the\nphrase means to Japanese-speakers. 「世話になる」 is _**not**_ some idiomatic\nexpression.\n\n> 「A + は/が + B + の + 世話になる」 (B is the care-taker.)\n>\n> = \"A becomes B's trouble.\" (super-literal)\n>\n> = \"A receives a favor from B.\"\n>\n> = \"A is looked after by B.\"\n\nNow, using 「世話 **をする** 」 instead of 「世話 **になる** 」,\n\n> 「B + は/が + A + の + 世話 **をする** 」 (B is the care-taker)\n>\n> = \"B looks after A.\"\n>\n> = \"A receives a favor from B.\"\n>\n> = \"A is looked after by B.\"\n\nRegardless of the situation/context, basically, you could express any\n\"someone-helps-another\" sentences using the two patterns above using 「なる」 and\n「する」.\n\nLet us look at your examples.\n\n**\" Bob received a favour from Alice.\"**\n\n= 「ボブはアリスの世話になった。」\n\n≒ 「アリスはボブの世話をした。」\n\n**\" Bob helped out Alice.\"**\n\n= 「ボブはアリスの世話をした。」\n\n≒ 「アリスはボブの世話になった。」\n\n**\" Bob was looked after by Alice.\"**\n\n= 「ボブはアリスの世話になった。」\n\n≒ 「アリスはボブの世話をした。」\n\n**TL;DR:**\n\nIt is all about 「なる」vs.「する」.\n\n> 「(Care-Receiver) + は/が + (Care-Provider) + の + 世話 **になる** 。」\n>\n> 「(Care-Provider) + は/が + (Care-Receiver) + の + 世話 **をする** 。」",
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| 25746 | 25754 | 25754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25748",
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"body": "So my friend told me this:\n\n> 温室で死ぬ時が来た\n\nI understand that the translation means \"It's time to die in the greenhouse\",\nbut I don't understand the 「死ぬ時」 part of the sentence.\n\nWhat kind of structure is this?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-16T20:43:26.573",
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"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does this Verb+Noun structure mean and how to use it?",
"view_count": 180
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{
"body": "This is a relative clause. You might translate it as \"The time has come, where\n(I) die in the greenhouse\" or \"The time to [die in the greenhouse] has come\".\n\nIt's split up the following way:\n\n> 温室で死ぬ - die in the greenhouse \n> 時が来た - time has come\n\nLiterally \"Die-in-the-greenhouse time has come\".\n\nEnglish has signal words that introduce a relative clause, whereas Japanese\ndoes not. It's just a normal sentence directly in front of a noun.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-16T21:50:30.913",
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| 25747 | 25748 | 25748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25760",
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"body": "I wanted to say: \" _I became unable to hear._ \"\n\nI said: **\"聞こえなくなった\"** but I was corrected and told to say: **\"聞けなくなった\"**\n\nThat sounds strange to me. I've never even heard the verb form **\"聞ける\"**\n\n * what does \"聞こえなくなった\" mean?\n * what does \"聞けなくなった\" mean?\n * how do you say **\"I became unable to hear.\"** ?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"potential-form",
"aspect"
],
"title": "「聞こえなくなった」 or 「聞けなくなった」?",
"view_count": 306
} | [
{
"body": "【聞こえる】 is the intransitive form (自動詞) of 【聞く】, which is a transitive verb\n(他動詞). And 【聞ける】 is the potential form of 【聞く】\n\n> 音が聞こえる = The sound is audible\n>\n> 音が聞ける = I can hear the sound\n\nIn japanese, you can use some verbs' intransitive form to express the\npotential, so that you can do something, especially 【聞こえる】 and 【見える】.\n\nThe nuance between both sentences above is :\n\n> 音が聞こえる = The sound is audible, so you can hear it and it just feels like a\n> simple potential form.\n>\n> 音が聞ける = I can hear the sound, I have ears, or something made you be able to\n> hear the sound for example.\n\nThe same goes with 【見れる】 and 【見える】, usually we would use the intransitive form\nto express the potentiality.\n\nAs for you sentences :\n\n> 聞こえなくなった = It became unaudible, so you couldn't hear it anymore.\n>\n> 聞けなくなった = I became unable to hear, because I had put a cask on my head for\n> example.\n\nThat's the way I see them.",
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| 25749 | 25760 | 25760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Say I have the sentence below about papers I requested previously. (as I am\nreminding somebody that I haven't received something)\n\n> 先日{せんじつ}に頼{たの}んだ書類{しょるい}ですが・・・\n\nIs there any way to make a sentence like this more polite (humbling)? Do the\nbelow sentences make sense or is there a better way?\n\n> 先日{せんじつ}にお頼{たの}みした書類{しょるい}ですが・・・\n>\n> 先日{せんじつ}にお願{ねが}いした書類{しょるい}ですが・・・",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T02:23:53.190",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Polite way to ask about something that I previously requested",
"view_count": 1202
} | [
{
"body": "I would say \"先日、お願いした書類ですが\".\n\n\"お頼みした\" sounds funny (to me.)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T04:56:13.977",
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"body": "I've noticed that natives are generally oblique in the beginning. Then, they\nslowly become more specific. Hopefully, this is all you'd need to say.\n\n> 「この前お願いしたものですが、...」\n\nThat obscures the impolite fact of how long you've been waiting. And, (in my\nexperience as a non-native speaker), initially saying exactly what you\nrequested feels abrupt and analogous to physically \"pointing\". As much as\npossible, just let them figure out the situation for themselves.",
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| 25755 | null | 25757 |
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"body": "How do you succinctly say that you are going to skip ahead past the next\nsection or paragraph for time's sake and tell the audience which spot you are\npicking up again when reading a paper aloud at an academic conference?\n\nI believe that there is a Japanese phrase that's a sort of set phrase (though\ndifferent people might word it slightly differently) of about 1 sentence long,\nwhich includes the word 「飛ぶ」or「飛んで行きます」 (\"fly past\" or \"jump over\" the next\nbit) and tells the listeners the first couple words of the sentence where you\nwill start up reading aloud again. I think the phrase translates to something\nlike, \"I'm going to 'fly past' the next section and resume reading at [the 2nd\nparagraph of page 3, starting from, 'さらに、'].\" I heard it used 2 years ago so\nmy memory of how this was expressed is fuzzy.\n\nIf there is not a standard phrase for this, how can I say it very succinctly\n(and quickly)?",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T08:42:09.430",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"politeness",
"phrase-requests",
"jargon",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "In Japanese, how do you say you will skip ahead past one section for time's sake while reading aloud to an audience?",
"view_count": 449
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{
"body": "時間の関係で1節飛ばします might be a plain expression, but...\n\nWhat occasion have you got in mind? Your dissertation defense, say? In that\ncase more polite expressions will be preferable.\n\n*** added *** You will read your paper at a conference? Then\n\n> 時{じ}間{かん}の関{かん}係{けい}で、次{じ}節{せつ}は割{かつ}愛{あい}させて戴{いただ}き、第{だい}x節{せつ}に移{うつ}ります\n> (where \"x\" is the section where you are to jump to.)\n\nwould be much better.",
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"body": "「[割愛]{かつあい}」 is a formal word so appropriate to use in a formal situation as\nsuggested by eltonjohnさん.\n\n「[飛]{と}ばす」and 「[省略]{しょうりゃく}する」 have similar meanings, but 「割愛する」 is more\nappropriate in this case, because 「割愛」 is formal and has a special nuance for\nit. While 「飛ばす」 and 「省略する」 simply mean \"omit\", 「割愛する」 means \"I do not want to\nomit [this/it/etc] but now I need to due to the inevitable reason, so I omit\n[this/it/etc] for this time\".\n\nHere are some examples of sentences using 「割愛する」 in a colloquial context in a\nformal situation.\n\n>\n> 「[時間]{じかん}の[関係]{かんけい}[上]{じょう}（／[都合]{つごう}[上]{じょう}）、[内容]{ないよう}の[一部]{いちぶ}を[割愛]{かつあい}させていただく[場合]{ばあい}がございますが、ご[了承]{りょうしょう}いただければと[思]{おも}います」（If\n> the speaker says this at the beginning, s/he does not have to mention the\n> time matter after that.）\n\n>\n> 「[続]{つづ}きまして（イ）がございますが、[本日]{ほんじつ}は時間の関係上、[割愛]{かつあい}させていただきます。[次]{つぎ}の２ページに[参]{まい}りまして（ウ）からとなりますが、……」（If\n> the speaker mentions the time matter at the point s/he does the first 割愛,\n> s/he does not have to mention the time matter after that.）\n\n> 「続きまして、３ページ[目]{め}に[移]{うつ}りまして（エ）がございますが、こちらは割愛させていただきまして、（オ）に参ります」\n\n> 「[次]{つぎ}の（カ）は割愛させていただきまして、５ページ目の（キ）に参ります」\n\n> 「（ク）は割愛いたします。次の（ケ）でございますが、……」\n\n> 「（コ）は割愛いたしまして、（サ）に参ります」\n\nA [敬語]{けいご} form of 「飛ばす」 is 「飛ばさせていただきます」. Here is an example of the usage.\n\n>\n> 「おめくりいただきまして、[次]{つぎ}の７ページからは（シ）となっておりますが、９ページまで[飛]{と}ばさせていただきまして、（ス）に[参]{まい}りたいと[思]{おも}います」\n\nEach of （イ）〜（ス） above represents the sectional title or a brief\naccount/summary of the part which will be omitted. Because the speaker thinks\nthat the part is still important although s/he omits it this time, s/he does\nnot forget to present what the omitted part is about, especially when using\n「割愛」.\n\nHowever, there are many Japanese people who don't know the original meaning\nof「割愛する」 and think that the meaning of the word is \"omit an unnecessary part\".\nAccording to\n『[平成23年度「国語に関する世論調査」の結果について](http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/tokeichosa/kokugo_yoronchosa/pdf/h23_chosa_kekka.pdf)』\npublished in [文化庁 official\nwebsite](http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/tokeichosa/kokugo_yoronchosa/),\nthe percentage of Japanese people who understood the original meaning was\n17.6% and 65.1% Japanese people believed the \"unnecessary\"-version meaning.\n\nAnyway, although people understand the meaning of the word differently, the\nways to use the word 「割愛」 are almost same in most cases. It's still a formal\nword, and people use 「割愛」 in a formal situation. If the speaker uses the word\n「割愛」, the listeners would think that the speaker is trying to omit it\npolitely.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-19T00:31:36.060",
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| 25758 | 25790 | 25761 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this line in the lyrics of a certain song, and I'm not quite clear on\nthe meaning of the first ゆく.\n\n道無き未知をゆく 環状線を走ってく\n\nI originally assumed it to be 行く, but that makes the sentence strange IMO.\nWhat does ゆく mean?\n\nSource: <http://en.touhouwiki.net/wiki/Lyrics:_Paranoid_Lost>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T09:06:49.333",
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"id": "25759",
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"owner_user_id": "10648",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Does ゆく mean 征く in this line?",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "ゆく is a sort of poetic pronunciation of 行く. I believe the situation is similar\nto using よい instead of いい. I have even seen song lyrics where verbs are\nwritten as ending in -てく but the song clearly pronounces it as -てゆく. I wonder\nif that's just a mistake in the transcription, but I've seen it in a number of\ntranscriptions. _shrugs_\n\nIn any case, I believe that the いく and ゆく pronunciations can be considered to\nbe semantically identical. I'm unaware of any situation where only one or the\nother would be considered correct. You will hear ゆく often in songs and such,\nbut in regular conversation it is rare.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-19T15:56:33.720",
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| 25759 | null | 28779 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25766",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> どこまでドジっ娘なのよ、あの子\n>\n> あはは…ま、まあ、わざとじゃないんだし\n>\n> こういうのって天然が一番怖いのよ\n\ncontext: あの子 forgot something back in her room that they need and is in the\nprocess of going to get it and the other two then begin to talk.\n\nI know that こういうの means \"something like this\"/things like this but honestly I\ncan't see what \"this\" would be referring to. Does こういうのって in this case mean\nsomething like: as for things like this(in this case referring to forgetting\nimportant things)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T17:19:23.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25762",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-03T23:55:44.617",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-17T20:05:50.103",
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"owner_user_id": "9219",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What does こういうの refer to in こういうのって天然が一番怖いのよ",
"view_count": 1089
} | [
{
"body": "> どこまでドジっ娘{こ}なのよ、あの子{こ}\n>\n> あはは…ま、まあ、わざとじゃないんだし\n>\n> こういうのって天然{てんねん}が一番怖{いちばんこわ}いのよ\n\n「こういうの」 here refers to the \"ドジ-ness\" of people _**in general**_. 「ドジ」 is a\ncolloquial word meaning \"clumsiness\", \"goof-ups\", etc.\n\nTo let Wikipedia explain 「ドジっ娘」, see:\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dojikko>\n\nThe speaker is saying that among the different kinds of goofiness people\ndisplay, the 「天然{てんねん}」= \"natural, innate, etc.\" kind scares her the most.\n\n> A: \"How clumsy could she get? That girl?\"\n>\n> B: \"Ahaha.. Well, you know, it isn't on purpose.\"\n>\n> A: \"Speak of 'clumsy', it's the natural kind that scares me the most.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-17T22:20:50.623",
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| 25762 | 25766 | 25766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25795",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've gathered a bit from the related questions I got, but I'm not quite 100%\non what separates だめ,いけない and ならない each other, not to mention the differences\nbetween しなくちゃ、しなきゃ、しないと before the three verbs. Anyone know?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-17T20:30:52.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25764",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-19T07:59:34.103",
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"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What distinguishes the different ways to say something must be done? (E.G. しなくてはだめ、しなくてはならない、しなくてはいけない and so on)",
"view_count": 555
} | [
{
"body": "English is different from Japanese primarily in two aspects:\n\n 1. Order of words and articles in a sentence (so much that articles come after words, not before, and are therefore post-articles or \"particles\")\n\n 2. Levels of politeness/formality, or maybe even better said as \"etiquette\"\n\nSo imagine this: your society and culture are all based on rings/circles of\npeople. You have your in-group, your tepid group (members of whom are in your\nperiphery and might become a part of your in-group), and your \"out group.\"\n\nAnother aspect is you have your friends with whom you speak casually and\nwithout etiquette, your peripheral people whom you don't know so well and use\nnormal/polite language, and your teachers, senpai, higher-ups, with whom you\nuse very polite and distanced language.\n\nFundamentally, all use the same words but they are formed into different\nshapes. Typically, the longer a construction is, the more perceived\n\"etiquette\" there is behind it.\n\nIf you had to rank them on their relative levels of etiquette and ingroup-\nperiphery-outgroup'iness, what would you come up with, based on what you know\nso far?",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 25764 | 25795 | 25795 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25769",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As in 分からん and ならん. In Standard (?) speech, I'm fairly certain it's masculine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-17T21:29:12.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25765",
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"kansai-ben",
"gender"
],
"title": "Do even Kansai women use the ～ん negative?",
"view_count": 317
} | [
{
"body": "Yes we do! :D\n\nHere in Kyoto we use both わからん and わからへん. I think Osakan women rather use\nわからん. As for ならん, I think it's あかん in Kansai. Yes, we Kansai women use it\ndaily, too.\n\nWe talk like:\n\n> あかんって。(=だめだって。) \n> あかんやん。 \n> あかんやろ。 (=だめだろう。) \n> 知らん。(=知らない。) \n> 知らんで。(=知らないよ。) \n> 知らんわ。 \n> 知らんし。 \n> あらへん。(=ない。) \n> あらへんで。(=ないよ。) \n> いらんわ～。(=要らないわ～。) \n> ありえへん。(=ありえない。) \n> こうてへん。(=買ってない。) \n> 持ってへん。(=持ってない。) \n> いかへん？(Kyoto) / いけへん？(Osaka)(=行かない？) \n> いけへん。(Kyoto) / いかれへん。(Osaka)(=行けない。) \n> なあ、今からこーへん？(=ねえ、今から来ない？) \n> etc. etc...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-18T06:16:41.283",
"id": "25769",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25765",
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"score": 6
}
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| 25765 | 25769 | 25769 |
{
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"body": "In my [previous\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25683/how-to-say-at-\nthis-rate) I wanted to know how to say\n\n> If we continue at this rate I will be fluent by Christmas.\n\nBoth answers were really helpful and I now know how to say it but there is\nstill something that bothers me:\n\nAll suggestions were of the form\n\n> 〜、クリスマスまでに話せるようになるわ\n\nwhere 〜 is the word for \"at this rate\" like for example\nこのペースだと、この調子なら、このままいけば.\n\nAs a non-Japanese speaker I have the strong urge to make a construction like\nthis:\n\n> 〜で続けば、クリスマスまでに話せるようになるわ\n\nFor one, the urge to use \"to continue\" and for another the で particle (or\nperhaps に).\n\nSo I was wondering, **how unnatural on a scale of 1 to 10 is this?** I'm\ntrying to understand why I should probably not use either に or で here. Please\ncould someone explain to me exactly when it will not be a good idea to make a\nconstruction like this?\n\nFor the record: I do know that に may be a particle indicating location like\ne.g. on the desk = 机の上に or \"by\" as in 本田さんに言われた and many more such \"obvious\"\nuses. But what I am asking here in this question seems way more subtle to me\n(beyond my current language feeling of Japanese).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-18T08:23:39.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25770",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-24T11:28:29.523",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "When is it natural to use で and に and when not to use them",
"view_count": 780
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not a native speaker so it might not be the most natural way to say it but\nI would say :\n\n> このままではクリスマスになったらペラペラだよ\n\nI don't understand why you want to use 【で】 or 【に】 here, the only 【に】 I would\nuse is with 【～になる】. You should explain why you would use these particles and\nwhen, make some examples, it would be easier for us to see where you're stuck\nat.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T08:29:56.083",
"id": "25771",
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"body": "I'm not a native speaker but it feels natural to say it like this:\n\n> このように続けばクリスマスまでにペラペラになるだろ\n\nUsing このように gives more the impression of how someone is doing a verb. Whereas\nで is used for something being or existing in a state.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-15T15:49:31.447",
"id": "47450",
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"body": "Maybe a technical point, but I would say 続けば is not quite correct in this\ncase.\n\nUsing a form of 続く has an implication of an external event which is continuing\nregardless of you, rather than a volitional action by you. Since it is you who\nis studying, your actions are volitional and therefore would be better\nexpressed by using the provisional 続ければ or the conditional 続けたら.\n\nAs for に and で、 try to think of までに as a set phrase for having something\ncompleted by a certain time.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-20T14:24:55.107",
"id": "53387",
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{
"body": "I would argue there's no real difference between English and Japanese here. In\nEnglish you can very well say \"At this rate, xxx\", where it is understood that\nsomething is continuing at the same pace or in the same way. Likewise, in\nJapanese\n\n```\n\n このままいけば、クリスマスが来たらもうペラペラになってるよ\n \n```\n\nHowever, if you need to specify what the verb is, then it is common to say\nthings like\n\n```\n\n このまま勉強し続ければ...\n このまま付き合い続ければ...\n \n```\n\netc",
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"creation_date": "2017-10-20T16:47:41.260",
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| 25770 | null | 25771 |
{
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"body": "To my understanding, the tense of subordinate clauses is relative:\n\n> 私は泣いている人に会った。\n>\n> I met a person, who, at the time, was crying.\n>\n> 私は泣いていた人に会った。\n>\n> I met a person, who, sometime before our meeting, was crying.\n\nIs it however possible for the tense of a subordinate clause to be non-\nrelative given the right context?\n\nIf one were for example to have the following conversation:\n\n> A: 留学している友達がいるよ。\n>\n> I have a friend who's studying abroad.\n>\n> B: ええ, 誰ですか?\n>\n> Huh, who's that?\n>\n> A: 覚えていないの? 一緒に旅行した時 留学している友達に会ったじゃない\n>\n> 1. Don't you remember? When we traveled together, we met my friend, who is\n> **currently** studying abroad _(but might not have been at the time)_.\n> 2. Don't you remember? When we traveled together, we met my friend, who,\n> **at the time** , was studying abroad.\n>\n\nWhich of the above interpretations are correct?\n\nAre there situations in which the tense of a subordinate clause is not\nrelative to that of the main clause?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-18T10:59:46.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25772",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-19T07:53:39.947",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-18T17:32:24.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "2982",
"owner_user_id": "2982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Can the tense of a subordinate clause be non-relative?",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "Both interpretations are possible. But the former is natural in this context.\nSo, the answer is yes.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T11:38:18.323",
"id": "25773",
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{
"body": "> 私は泣いていた人に会った。\n>\n> I met a person, who, sometime before **[or even during]** our meeting, was\n> crying.\n\nIn regards to your question on context and interpretation,\n\nTo me #2 is more plausible because:\n\n一緒に旅行した時 留学している友達に会ったじゃない\n\n時 here is \"The time when we were studying abroad together\"\n\nThus, the rest of the sentence takes place in that time-frame.\n\nThe confusion arises because there are two interpretations like you have said,\nbut I would alter your understanding by a smidge:\n\nIn this case, there can be 2 or 3 people pointed to by 一緒に旅行した時\n\nIf it points to 3 people together, then \"our friend who was studying abroad at\nthe time\" makes logical sense.\n\nIf it points to the speaker and (only) the other person in the conversation,\nthen it means that the third person is studying abroad now.\n\nSo it depends on the recipient's understanding of what 一緒に旅行した points to, and\nsince he or she clearly does not remember the person in question, it most\nlikely points to #2.\n\n> Are there situations in which the tense of a subordinate clause is not\n> relative to that of the main clause?\n\nYes, many. If you were talking about something periodic like the rising of the\nsun, it would not really matter what the main clause said. It is probably not\nthat common in spoken Japanese but I think you could find many examples in\nliterature and novels.",
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| 25772 | 25794 | 25773 |
{
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"body": "I'm very familiar with ほら, used for urging someone to look at something. But\nsometimes I hear ほれ in about the same contexts. Are they the same?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-18T11:42:17.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25774",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ほら and ほれ - the difference",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "If you are talking about interjections, then \"ほれ\" is a variant of \"ほら\" mainly\nused by males to mean \"look!\", \"here you are\", etc.",
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| 25774 | 25775 | 25775 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25777",
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"body": "If you have the two separate words, it's 二日{ふつか} and 三日{みっか}. But how are they\nread together? ふた、みっか, に、さんにち, some combination thereof or something else\nentirely?\n\nSource sentence for the curious:\n\n> アキちゃんは広いお屋敷で二、三日ゆったり過ごしてくればいいのよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T12:43:54.133",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "How to read 二、三日",
"view_count": 1999
} | [
{
"body": "It is read 「にさんにち」.\n\nColloquially, people say 「にさんち」 as well.",
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"body": "It reads に、さんにち (the comma is purely orthographic, you may or may not write it\nout).\n\nSimilarly, we say...\n\n> 一、二日 いち、ににち \n> 三、四日 さん、 **よっか** ← _irregular!_ \n> 四、五日 し、ごにち \n> 五、六日 ご、ろくにち\n\nLonger span equivalents are hardly heard, perhaps because we come to use \"a\nweek\" (一週間) or other higher units then, I suppose.\n\nふた、みっか _might_ actually sound surprisingly comprehensible to native speakers,\nbut it never exists.",
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| 25776 | 25777 | 25778 |
{
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"body": "> ありがとう。それでね、これがあくしゅ、なの。\n>\n> あくしゅ？\n>\n> そう。 **おともだちになるあくしゅ** 。\n>\n> そうなんだ。うん、ことばでおしえてもらったときよりも、わかったきがする。\n>\n> なんていうのかな、あなたのこと、みぢかにかんじる。\n>\n> ねぇ、もしかしておともだちになるって、こういうこと？\n>\n> うん、そうだよ。そのとおりだよ。\n>\n> わぁ。じゃあ、わたしたち、 **これで** おともだちに――\n\nContext: Kid one is trying to become friends with kid two, kid two doesn't\nunderstand what being friends means.\n\nMy question is about the meaning of **おともだちになるあくしゅ** and to what **これで**\nrefers to in this exchange.\n\nおともだちになるあくしゅ- おともだちになる means to \"become friends\" and あくしゅ means a handshake.\nNow my question is how to interpret what this actually means. Does a\nおともだちになるあくしゅ refer to a handshake which signifies that they have become\nfriends?\n\nMy next question is about the これで. Does this refer back to the handshake they\ndid earlier or does it refer to their several lines after this? It's clear\nthat she still didn't quite grasp what it meant to be friends and then\nclarifies it by asking if what she feels is what it means to become friends,\nand then after being told she is right, she then says the final line.",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Meaning of おともだちになるあくしゅ",
"view_count": 298
} | [
{
"body": "> お友だちになる握手 = A handshake (of) when we become friends. / to become friends.\n\nSo, 【これで】 refers to the the previous act. To fully understand the expression,\nyou have to know exactly what 【これ】 and the particle 【で】 mean.\n\n【これ】 refers to the previous topic that the 【話し手】 was talking about, so the\nhandshake and all, and 【で】 is used as the particle of \"way\".\n\nSo it can be translated as \"with this\", \"so, ...\".",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T13:39:55.693",
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| 25779 | 25780 | 25780 |
{
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"body": "> くまはたいそう感慨深げに「縁」 **という** ような種類の言葉を駆使していろいろと述べた。\n\nI understand the use of (noun A)のような(noun B) to say noun B like noun A , and I\nunderstand という in the sense of 'that' e.g. 彼が無事だという知らせ, or 'called' as in\n本田という人. Or even as just the quote particle followed by the verb 'to say'. But\nnone of these interpretations seems to make sense to me.\n\nIf I want to say 'words of the 「縁」 kind', why is it not just ...縁のような種類の言葉...?\nWith という inserted it seems to me to read 'words like _saying_ 縁'. Which\nclearly makes non sense. Which of the interpretations of という is used above and\nwhy is it needed? Thanks.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T13:53:01.400",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of というような in this sentence",
"view_count": 2488
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{
"body": "「というような」also means \"like\". and 「縁」というような種類の言葉 means some kind of words like\n\"enishi\"\n\n「という」here contains feeling like \"I don't know well but..\"",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T15:50:08.107",
"id": "25868",
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"body": "Your observation is partially true. The most basic concept of という is \"you say\n_what_ \", where the point is you can't say _an object_ , but only its _name_\nor _depiction_. Thus という actually gives implicit quotes to what comes before\n(though the writer gives explicit quotes, too...).\n\nYour alternative 縁のような種類の言葉 would literally mean _some kind of word e.g. 縁_ ,\nin the same way as 米のような種類の作物 _some kind of crop e.g. rice_ , so it leads:\n\n> word : 縁 = crop : rice\n\nIt clearly contradicts the fact 縁 (\"affinity, tie of relationship\") is not a\nsubcategory of 言葉 (\"word\") (cf. 形容詞のような種類の言葉 _some kind of word e.g.\nadjective_ ).\n\nIn contrast, 縁というような種類の言葉 means:\n\n> _some kind of word e.g. how you say 縁_ \n> → _some kind of word e.g. word represents 縁_ \n> → _some kind of word e.g. \"縁\"_\n\nThis time,\n\n> word : the word \"縁\" = crop : rice\n\nperfectly makes sense. In other words, という _prevents_ this sentence from being\nnonsense.\n\nGenerally speaking, In nine times out of ten when you want to say \"word like\nA\" in English, you're going to translate it to \"A **という** 言葉\" in Japanese.",
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| 25781 | 25882 | 25882 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25785",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm starting my JLPT N1 study, but am already running into roadblocks just\nreading the example sentences which is rather embarrassing. The way things are\ngoing, I'll have many more questions in the future.\n\n* * *\n\nAny English is my translation\n\n> Pick the most suitable word to fill in the blank.\n>\n> **今度の選挙に落選した（ ）、二度と政界に戻れないだろう。**\n>\n> １）が最後 ２）が早いか ３）ものなら ４）とたんに\n\nThe correct answer is 1, but I don't really see how it works. My language\nparser fails. My first guess was 3 because then it would read something like\n\"The ones who lost this election will probably not be able to go back to\npolitics again.\"\n\nThe official explanation:\n\n> では、まず（\n> ）の前後のことがら（「落選した」と「政界に戻れない」）の関係を考え、さらに文末の「〜だろう」から、未来の予測を表している文だと考えます。「落選した」という動詞の形につく文法形式であることも重要です。正しい答えは「１\n> が最後」です。\n\nI would translate that as\n\n> If you first consider the phrases around the blank, \"failed to be elected\"\n> and \"won't be able to go back to politics\", and then notice the 〜だろう at the\n> end, you can tell that this implies a prediction about the future. The\n> grammatical form of the \"failed to be elected\" verb is important as well.\n> The correct answer is #1.\n\nI can't say that helps me any. Any explanation would be very much appreciated.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T15:53:35.757",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Understanding correct choice on N1 grammar question",
"view_count": 784
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{
"body": "Choices two and four are out immediately because they both essentially mean\n\"the moment ～ happens / as soon as ～\", and the translation would not even make\nsense.\n\n> * As soon as I lost the election, I'll likely never return to the\n> political world/scene.\n>\n\nBoth clauses make sense, but put together like that just makes a nonsense\nstatement.\n\nNow choices one and three could both make sense, but it comes down to knowing\nsyntax and specifics about the grammar. In my grammar book*, there are two\npatterns containing ～ものなら; both are suppositions (obviously).\n\n* * *\n\n## ～ものなら【もし～できるなら】\n\nThis basically means `If ～ were possible, ...`. So far, choice three is still\nin the running. However, here is the kicker:\n\n> 「～ものなら」の前には可能の意味を含む動詞が来る。そして実現が難しそうなことを、「もしできるなら」と仮定して、後の文で希望や命令など話す人の意志を表す。\n> 動詞の辞書形＋ものなら → The verb coming before 「～ものなら」 is one that includes the\n> meaning of possibility. Assuming a hard-to-actualize situation, the latter\n> part of the sentence expresses the speaker's desires or command.\n\nThere are several clues that eliminate this pattern. Most obvious is that 落選した\nis neither in the dictionary form, nor a potential verb. Also, I would say\nthat the 文末 does not express the speakers 希望 because of the included だろう, but\nthat's already a moot point.\n\n* * *\n\n## ～う（よう）ものなら【もしそんなことをしたら大変なことになる】\n\nNow, I don't think 二度と政界に戻れないだろう is a 大変なこと (debatable), but the syntax again\ndoesn't match up; we would need しよう but we have した. So this pattern is also\neliminated.\n\n* * *\n\nSo that just leaves us with choice #1.\n\n## ～が最後・～たら最後 【「最後」という言葉の示すとおり、「～のようなことをしたら、もうすべてがだめになる、最後だ」という気持ちが強い。】\n\n### 動詞の～た形＋が最後 or 動詞の～たら形＋最後\n\nFirst off, I'd say that 二度と政界に戻れないだろう is more だめ than 大変. But between choices\n#1 and #3, only this one has the correct syntax. Some (many?) times on the\nhigher level tests (N2 and N1), the correct choice for a grammar question is\nnot simply knowing the general meaning, but like here, knowing the correct\nsyntactical formation, as well as the distinct usage nuances. That's why it's\nN1! Hope this helps.\n\n* * *\n\nAll examples and definitions taken from どんな時どう使う日本語表現文型５００ 中・上級",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T17:27:16.280",
"id": "25785",
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"body": "I guess giving advice is a no-no here, but if you haven't already read a novel\nor two in Japanese, doing so now would help get patterns of usage into your\nhead.\n\nAlso, see if your idiomatic grammar text has an entry on 「…が最後」。 It's very\nlikely to show up in the test, and you want to get it right.\n\nThat said,\n\n> 二度と政界に戻れないだろう。\n\nis a negative result (loosely speaking) of some finality. And\n\n> 今度の選挙に落選した\n\nis something negative that occurred. 「…が最後…」 is an idiomatic way of connecting\nnegative incidents and occasions with negative results of some finality.\n「…ものなら…」 is not.\n\nA similar sentence with 「ものなら」 might be\n\n> 今度の選挙に落選するものなら、もう、外国旅行に出かけるが良いじゃないか？\n\nBut it would be a bit like something a 漫才師 would say, because it plays against\nthe usual usage patterns. Don't study this sentence for the N1 unless you\nunderstand what I mean by against pattern. It could trip you up.\n\n(afterthought) And, as you can see, Chocolate thinks it sounds too weird.\nMaybe I shouldn't reach so far to show how the trap answer just doesn't fit.\nRefer to Chocolate's comments for why you wouldn't want to actually use that\nsentence. (end-afterthought)",
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| 25783 | 25785 | 25785 |
{
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"body": "I can't figure out the meaning of 内外 and the nuance of 親族 because of it in the\nfollowing passage. I think I'm more or less understand the basic concept of 内\nand 外. I also looked through the dictionary and it is written that 内外 could\nmean incide the country and outside. But could the author be talking about the\npeople from family and outsiders in this context with it? One line after it,\nthe author uses the word 親族, that's where I lost it. So is he talking about\nthe other family members, who are the enemies of the stepfather? Or means the\nsituation itself, where his sole daughter has to inherit everything?\n\nFast translation: Being known for his shrewdness, stepfather made lots of\nenemies (incide the country and outside/from his family and outsiders)\n\n> 辣腕で知られた義父は **内外**\n> で様々な恨みを買っていた。彼が死去した今、その責は全て一人娘である希へと降り掛かったのだ。陰謀渦巻く宮廷のように、主人公は遺産や名誉などを巡る泥臭い権力争いの渦中へと巻き込まれていく。\n> 主人公は誓う。 そう、主人公は愛すべき妻ーー希を **親族** の罠から救うべく闘うのだ。",
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"tags": [
"translation"
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"title": "Question about the meaning of 内外",
"view_count": 253
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{
"body": "内外 can mean the outside and inside of any organization. It can be 国内と国外,\n社内と社外, 学校内と学校外, and so on, depending on the context.\n\nIn this example, this 内外 is probably 社内と社外 or 家庭内と家庭外, but if you can't\ndetermine, don't worry. 内外で sometimes just means 'in many places' or\n'everywhere'.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T21:37:38.800",
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"body": "\"内外で\" _without_ any specification implies \"domestic and abroad.\"\n\nThe context of the excerpt does not specify what is meant by \"内\" and \"外\", but\nmethinks it is ridiculous to assume that the authour is talking about\ninternational affairs.\n\nI guess he/she should have chosen more appropriate expressions like \"方々で\",\n\"あちこちで\", \"至る所で\" and so on.",
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| 25784 | 25789 | 25789 |
{
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"body": "> す、凄い破壊力です。わたし、思わず鼻血が出そうです！\n>\n> わ、私も\n>\n> なんの、俺は頭から血が出た。\n>\n> 駄目だ…ここは駄目人間の巣窟だわ\n\nContext: The girl who said 「駄目だ…ここは駄目人間の巣窟だわ」to herself was watching the other\nthree being stupid and playing with a cat and part way through this she says\nthe above to herself.\n\nQuestion: Who or what does 駄目 actually refer to? Originally I thought that it\nwould be referring to those three above, which would also follow on with what\nshe carries on to say (駄目人間), but when I hear someone say that, it would\nnormally (in all times I can remember) be explicitly said like 「駄目だこいつ」 or\n「駄目だこいつら」. Can anyone clarify what it is that 駄目 refers to, or how it is used\nhere?",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-18T18:58:36.473",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What exactly is 駄目 in this 突っ込み?",
"view_count": 438
} | [
{
"body": "It looks like you already understand the feeling of 駄目だこいつ or 駄目人間 used in\nthis kind of comical situation. Then it's the same thing that is referred to\nhere.\n\nSimply put, she just said 駄目 twice for emphasis. You can think こいつら or 人間 is\nomitted in the first sentence. 「駄目だこいつら…ここは駄目人間の巣窟だわ」 or 「駄目人間だ…ここは駄目人間の巣窟だわ」\nboth makes sense, but these sentences sound a bit redundant to me.\n\nYou're feeling こいつ is somewhat necessary, and perhaps that's because\n「駄目だこいつ…（早く何とかしないと…）」 is [a famous line from _Death Note_ and is used like a\nset phrase](http://www.paradisearmy.com/doujin/pasok_dameda.htm). But\ngrammatically the topic is not necessary in Japanese, of course. Actually\npeople often say 駄目だ by itself and omit the subject (こいつらは, これは, 俺は, etc.)\nwhen _Death Note_ is not in the speakers' mind.",
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"body": "\"駄目人間\" = \"\"dead loss.\"\n\nIf you are at a loss about the first \"駄目\" in\n\n> 駄目だ…ここは駄目人間の巣窟だわ\n\nI would say it means something like\n\n> Out of the question. There are nobody but dead losses here.",
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| 25786 | null | 25788 |
{
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"body": "Is 長生きはするもんだな a set phrase meaning \"you live and learn\"?",
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"title": "Is 長生きはするもんな a set phrase?",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "The set phrase variations are:\n\n「長生{ながい}きはするもん **だな** 。」\n\n「長生きはするもん **だね** 。」\n\n「長生きはするもん **ですね** 。」\n\n「長生きはするもん **だよね** 。」\n\netc.\n\nWe do **_not_** say 「長生きはするもん **な** 。」← This is the one in the title.",
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| 25796 | 25797 | 25797 |
{
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"body": "Once again I find myself unable to count. What is the best way to express the\nfollowing in Japanese\n\n> **The three pigeons** over there are noisy\n>\n> あそこにいる鳩が3わ煩い (my attempt)\n>\n> **The four seasons** are spring, summer, autumn and winter\n>\n> 4の季節は春と夏と秋と冬だ (my different kind of attempt (because I didn't know a counter\n> word for seasons))\n\n(I know there is a special word for all four seasons but that's not the\npoint).\n\nAlso does it make a difference whether it is spoken or written. I was told in\na previous question that numberのnoun was more of a written thing. Thanks.",
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"title": "How to refer to a fixed number of things",
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{
"body": "I'd do:\n\n> **The three pigeons** over there are noisy\n>\n> あそこにいる３羽の鳩がうるさい\n>\n> **The four seasons** are spring, summer, autumn and winter\n>\n> 季節には、春、夏、秋、冬の４つがある\n\n.\n\n> I was told in a previous question that numberのnoun was more of a written\n> thing\n\nI don't think there is such an expression. You do say `一の重、一の段` etc. but this\nis not for counting.",
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| 25798 | 25803 | 25803 |
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"body": "I need the Japanese transcription.\n\nHere's the link to the video:\n<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IXWhFAD4SQ#t=2m04s> (from 02:04 to 02:42).\n\nHere's what I could understand so far (mistakes included... I also didn't\nunderstand Naruto's first word):\n\nナルト「？」\n\nミナト「ナルト！」\n\nナルト「なんで？なんで？なんで息子の俺に九尾なんか封印したんだよ！おかげで俺ってばすっげえ大変だぞ！暁日柄寝られて！。。。」\n\nミナト「すまなかった。いろいろ大変だったんだよな。息子のお前につらい思いばかりさせてしまった俺が父親ヅラして謝るのも違うかな。」",
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"tags": [
"anime",
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],
"title": "What is Naruto saying in this video?",
"view_count": 348
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{
"body": "ナルト「 **(な)んでだよ？** 」\n\nミナト「ナルト！」\n\nナルト「なんで？なんで？なんで息子の俺に、九尾なんか封印したんだよ！？おかげで俺ってば、すげえ大変 **で** ！\n**[暁]{あかつき}から狙われて、そいつらと戦って、それで、それで、すげえ寂しくて、我慢して・・・** 。」\n\nミナト「すまなかった。 **ずっと一人にして** 。大変 **だったよな** 。息子のお前につらい思いばかりさせてしまった俺が、父親 **[面]{づら}**\nして謝るのも、違うかな。」",
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| 25799 | 25800 | 25800 |
{
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"body": "I posted a question a long time ago about why we need の in this sentence:\n\n> 毎日、同じ物を食べる **の** は、面白くない\n>\n> Eating the same thing everyday is not interesting.\n\nTo which I was told that adding の here nominalises the verb and turns it into\nthe gerund which I understood completely. However, I was just curious as to\nwhat the nuance is if you didn't have の?\n\n> 毎日、同じ物を食べる **は** 、面白くない\n\nI think the nuance here could be interpreted as\n\n\"To eat the same thing everyday is not interesting\"\n\nBut I'm really unsure.\n\nI read in another post that you cannot put が here because が takes a noun. But\nI read nowhere else about having は here without the の to nominalise the verb.\n\nBefore you post about \"you can nominalise the verb with の then add が ~\", this\nis not really what I'm asking.\n\nI just want to know what is the nuance if I just have は after the verb and no\nの. Is that grammatically correct? I have not seen it anywhere and I'm curious\nas to where and when this would be used (if it makes sense).",
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"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-は",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Nominalisation and は",
"view_count": 420
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{
"body": "In \"regular\" Modern grammar, it would _**not**_ be considered correct to say:\n\n> 「毎日{まいにち}、同{おな}じ物{もの}を食{た}べる **は** 、おもしろくない。」\n\nYou need to place the nominalizer 「の」 between 「食べる」 and 「は」.\n\nIn Classical Japanese, however, it was perfectly grammatical to place a\nsubject marker 「は」 or 「が」 _**directly**_ after a verb in its dictionary form.\n\nEven today, you will occasionally encounter the remnant of that old usage in\ncertain fixed expressions such as:\n\n> 「逃{に}げる **が** 勝{か}ち。」= \"He who fights and runs away may live to fight\n> another day.\" A literal TL is: \"To run away is to win.\"\n>\n> 「見{み}る **は** 信{しん}ずるなり。」= \"Seeing is believing.\"\n\nIf you actually used this old form (sans nominalizer) **outside of these fixed\nexpressions** in an everyday kind of conversation today, you would sound\nincredibly funny.",
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| 25801 | 25802 | 25802 |
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"body": "> なつみ 「あの…流星。」\n>\n> 流星 「ん？」\n>\n> なつみ 「ええと…痛いところとかない？」\n>\n> 流星 「問題ない。もう大丈夫だ。」\n>\n> なつみ 「そ、そうなんだ」\n>\n> なつみ 「それであの…さ。改めてごめんなさい…私のせいで無理させちゃって」\n>\n> 流星が訝しげな目をして、なつみを見る。\n>\n> なつみ 「な、なによ？」\n>\n> 流星 「お前は…本物のなつみか？」\n>\n> なつみ 「ばっ――」\n>\n> なつみは真っ赤になって怒ろうとした。が、ふいに弱々しい顔になり\n>\n> なつみ 「……そうね。こんなの私らしくないか…」\n>\n> 流星 「……難しいな。女の子というものは…」\n>\n> Girl 2 「流星さん。あなたからそんな言葉が出てくるとは思いませんでした。」\n>\n> 流星 「なぜだ？」\n>\n> Girl 2 「もう… **そういうところがです** 。」\n>\n> Girl 2 はぁ。私もそうだけど、なつみさんも大変ね…\n\nThe question is about what the **そういうところがです** at the end of this exchange\nmeans.\n\nContext: 流星 saved Girl 1 a while back and got injured in the process, she goes\nto meet him wanting to say sorry to him again. He gets surprised by her sudden\napology as it isn't normally like her to be this upfront. She runs away and\nthen he says 「難しいな。女の子というものは」 and another girl who was listening in then\nresponds with「あなたからそんな言葉が出てくるとは思いませんでした。」, and I believe そんな言葉 is referring\nhim saying girls are 難しい. He asks her why she thought that he wouldn't say\nsomething like that and she responds with 「もう…そういうところがです。」. My question is\nabout what she means by this. It's clearly related to do with how he responds\nwith 「なぜだ？」 to her statement as she's referring to \"that part of him\" as the\nreason for not expecting him to say what he said. Having said that, I'm not\nquite sure what \"part\" of him she is referring to and so I will include a few\nof his qualities in a list. He's generally very blunt, to the point, and\ntroublesome to deal with(for a variety of reasons). In response to the\nanswerer (Knowing his character, 女の子を気づかう発言をするとは思わなかった is not what I would\nlogically think as that's the complete opposite of his character(although he\nis very careless and can end up saying/doing things that injure others even\nthough he didn't intend to), as very shortly after he asks one of the other\ngirls how he can cheer her up.\n\nEdit: added other parts of narration and a bit more explanations.",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What does そういうところがです mean in this exchange?",
"view_count": 962
} | [
{
"body": "普段、気が荒い流星が、「難しいな」という(気弱な、あるいは、女の子を気づかう)発言をするとは思わなかった という意味だと思います。\n\n「そういうところ」 は、「なぜだ？」という発言から感じられる、気が荒い、あるいは、女の子の気持ちなど気にしない性格 をさしていると思います。\n\n* * *\n\nGirl2's 「そういうところが」 means she feels blunt part of Ryusei from 「なぜだ？」 and she\ncannot image Ryusei says 「難しいな・・」(= そんな言葉)",
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"body": "The most reasonable speculation I can think of is: _that (at least Girl 2\nthinks) he attracts girls even he doesn't realize it himself_.\n\nMy rationales are: 1) Girl 2 said she didn't expect that he has difficulty\nunderstanding girls; and 2) he had no idea why she said that. But it's obvious\nthat this dialog is too loose to support my logic alone, and unknown parts of\nthe storyline may affect correctness of my answer. If you need more\nknowledgeable answers, I recommend [Anime & Manga\nSE](https://anime.stackexchange.com/) or other specialized community forums.",
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| 25805 | 25807 | 25807 |
{
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"body": "> 「この馬鹿！いきなりあんなことして、責任取りなさいよねっ！」\n>\n> 「もちろんだ。お前を嫁として迎えさせて欲しい。」\n>\n> しまった、こいつって、こういうやつだった…\n>\n> 確かに責任取りなさいって言ったのは私だけと… **なんか違うわよね、これ** …\n>\n> でも…\n>\n> 「ふ、ふん。いいけど、報いは受けてもらうわよ。」\n\nI'm not quite sure what she means by なんか違うわよね、これ towards the end of this\nexcerpt. It's clear that she didn't expect him to agree straightaway(or rather\nshe had forgotten that he was the kind of guy who would do that). I think the\n\"なんか違うわよね、これ\" is referring to how he said \"「もちろんだ。お前を嫁として迎えさせて欲しい。」\" which\ndoesn't \"fit in\" with how this situation should play out(which then led to her\nadding on him receiving a punishment). Is this the correct way to understand\nthis or can somebody else add any insight?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-19T18:05:21.483",
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"title": "What does 違う mean in this \"なんか違うわよね、これ\"",
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{
"body": "Your understandng of the passage seems correct.\n\n> 「なんか違{ちが}うわよね、これ・・」\n\nThis usage of 「違う」 might not actually be found in a smaller dictionary. Here,\nit means \" ** _odd_** \", \" ** _unusual_** \", etc. It is used when something\ndid not turn out the way one would normally have expected it to.\n\n「これ」, I would say, refers to the peculiar flow of this conversation in which\nthe woman calls the man an idiot and demands an apology and even further\nactions from him for what he has done, but the man just abruptly proposes to\nher instead. (I will not ask what he did as minors might be reading this.)",
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| 25806 | null | 25812 |
{
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"body": "In the animated film _Spirited Away_ , there is a line (00:00:54) saying:\n「お花しおれてっちゃった」, a contracted form of 「お花がしおれていってしまった」.\n\nAccording to [this\npage](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/087.html)\nby 東京外国語大学, the difference between 「Vていった」 and 「Vてきた」 mainly rests on the\npositioning of the reference point on the time axis:\n\n\n\nI guess the concern of the heroine, who uttered that line, was on the flowers\nin her hands at that moment. **Then why didn't she choose NOW as the reference\npoint and say 「お花しおれてきちゃった」 instead?**",
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"title": "「Vていった」 v.s. 「Vてきた」 in the case of 「お花しおれてっちゃった」",
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{
"body": "> お花しおれてっちゃった\n\nWould mean the flowers are already しおれている. E.g. if you say `霧が晴れてっちゃった`, it's\nnot foggy anymore.\n\n> お花しおれてきちゃった\n\nWould mean they are _beginning_ to しおれる but are still relatively fresh. E.g.\nif you say `霧が晴れてきちゃった`, it's still foggy.\n\nPresumably in the heroine's mind, the flowers were already しおれている enough. Note\nthat the `ちゃった` expresses regret. E.g. `霧が晴れてきちゃった` would mean you liked it\nbeing foggy, but unfortunately it's starting to clear up.",
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"body": "I agree that the normal wording for this situation is, as you suggested,\nお花しおれちゃった (if the flower had completely withered away when the girl saw it),\nor お花しおれてきちゃった (if the flower was still withering).\n\nAnd you are not the only one who thought this sentence was strange. There's a\nquestion in Yahoo! 知恵袋 discussing this line:\n\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1030776410>\n\n> ここでは、本当は「お花が萎れちゃった」って言うべきじゃありませんか。どうして「萎れてっちゃった」になったんでしょうか。説明お願いします。\n\nI admit I'm also having trouble finding the definitive explanation why she\nsaid しおれてっちゃった.\n\nBut 「自分の気持ちから離れる」, suggested in one of the answers in the linked question,\nwould be a possible explanation. She might have said しおれてっちゃった with [her\n_mind_ as the reference\npoint](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2322/5010), instead of some\nparticular time point. She might be trying to describe that the flower was\n\"(mentally) moving away from her\", something like\n\"（大事にしていたのに）お花がしおれて、どこか遠くに行っちゃった\".",
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"body": "The present tense of 「お花しおれてっちゃった」 is 「お花しおれてっちゃう」.\n\nLet me put 「ちゃった」 or 「ちゃう」 part aside for now, please. So I can give you a\nclearer explanation of why the heroine chose the word 「～ていく」(「～てっ」 form in\nthis sentence) instead of 「～てきた」 here.\n\nBy the way, this「〜てっ」 means 「〜ていって」 as you translated. And I think that this\n「〜ていって」 is 「〜ていく」＋「て」. So, my explanation uses 「〜ていく」 below.\n\n###\n\n### 「〜ていく」VS「〜てきた」\n\nThe heroine used 「～ていく」 because she was seeing the future at that time. She\nwas feeling the worst future was coming or some of the worst future had\nalready come and more of them were coming. What she wanted to express was that\nthings were getting worse and worse. So, 「～ていく」 matches her feelings more than\n「～てきた」 which mainly expresses what happened in the past.\n\n###\n\n### 「〜ちゃう」VS「〜ちゃった」\n\nThen a question comes up: why did she use 「ちゃった」 instead of 「ちゃう」? The answer\nis that she used the past tense in order to emphasize \"It's too late\". I think\nthat the nuance of 「お花しおれてっちゃった」 in this case is \"it's toooo late! There is no\nlonger any way to save these lives.\"\n\nIn general, 「お花しおれてっちゃった」 sounds strange a little in this kind of situation.\n「お花しおれてっちゃう」, 「お花しおれちゃった」, 「お花しおれてきちゃった」(as explained in other user's answers)\netc. would be more appropriate as a common Japanese sentence. But she said\n「お花しおれてっちゃった」. To find out why, let's talk about the real world (not textbook\nworld).\n\nSometimes people, especially kids, just create a new word or a new way to\ncombine words in order to express and emphasize their real feelings. Existing\nwords or ways are not enough for them.\n\nKids often use this kind of technic to exaggerate what they really want to\ntell, because they want to impress people especially their parents by using\nlimited vocabulary (poorer vocabulary than grown people). And mothers usually\nunderstand this kind of kids' efforts and see through the exaggeration.\n\nAfter the heroine uttered the line, her mother said\n「あなたずーっと握りしめてるんだもの。おうちについたら水切りすれば大丈夫よ」 in the movie. Her mother was obviously\nthinking that the heroine was exaggerating it too much. The nuance of her\nmother's line is like \"No surprise. There is a cause then there is its effect.\nAnd actually, it's NOT too late.\"\n\nI would say that the heroine's line and tone were kind of very childish. It's\ngreat because we, viewers, can see the difference between childish her at that\ntime and grown her after having experienced the special things in the movie.\n\n###\n\nSo, I think that the heroine's reference point was \"now\", but she used the\npast tense 「ちゃった」 in order to emphasize \"it's too late.\" It's not a common way\nto say. It's the heroine's way to emphasize her real feelings as a child to\nher parents.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T04:08:06.777",
"id": "25836",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "25808",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 25808 | 25825 | 25825 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> これは、叩いて返せばいいのか。\n>\n> おう。ぶっ叩いて相手にぶち込んで、相手が落とせば勝ちだぜ。\n>\n> なるほど。お前は **こっちの方** が良さそうだな…俺も、手加減無しでいこう。\n\nMy question is about what こっちの方 refers to here. It seems that they are playing\na game where one has to hit the ball and the other has to catch it without\ndropping it or they lose and this goes on in turns. The above excerpt starts\nafter the first person to talk had the ball kicked at them(and them getting\nknocked over). Is こっちの方 in this case referring to his current role in the\ngame(the hitter), and he is now saying that he gets the impression that the\nother person is going to be better at doing this than him?\n\nedit(Additional lines):\n\nあはははは。…それよりにーちゃん。どう？\n\n…どうとは？\n\nボクの水着姿。せくしーだろ？\n\n\"せくしー\"？\n\n色っぽいかどうか、ってコト。\n\nむ…なるほど…\n\nで、どう？\n\nそうだな。\"せくしー\"だ…と、思う…\n\nむっ。今、目を反らしたな！そんなにーちゃんには、こーだっ！\n\nむっ…！？\n\n見たか…\n\n…って、ありゃ？もしかしてやりすぎた？\n\n…なに。この程度なら問題ない。\n\nおー、やるやるー。流石ボクが認めたにーちゃんだぜ。\n\nand then this is where the rest of the conversation starts.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T00:53:02.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25810",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T04:29:03.657",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-20T11:23:30.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "10668",
"owner_user_id": "10663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does こっちの方 refer to here?",
"view_count": 655
} | [
{
"body": "As broccoli forest is saying, there's just not enough context here to be able\nto accurately answer your question.\n\nこっち (this one) implies that there's something else comparable in this context\n(あっち), but none of the text you copied in this question fits that something\nelse.\n\nIf I'd venture a guess, that something else refers to another game, and\ntherefore こっち means this game. Or this whole dialog is from a manga, and こっち\nand あっち both refers to something they are holding, for example.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T04:29:03.657",
"id": "40643",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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}
]
| 25810 | null | 40643 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25816",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "to explain some pattern to a friend, I used this sentence :\n\n> 君への気持ちは強くなる。\n\nTo express \" _my feelings toward you are getting stronger_ \" and then I\nthought about 【対する】.\n\nWhat would the difference between those two sentences below be? :\n\n> 君への気持ちは強くなる。\n>\n> 君に対する気持ちは強くなる。\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T12:05:19.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25814",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-11T19:03:20.707",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "【対する】と【への】はどう違いますか。",
"view_count": 551
} | [
{
"body": "In this particular context, 「対{たい}する」 and 「への」 are interchangeable as far as\nmeaning goes.\n\n「対する」, with the \"sharp\" Sino 「たい」, sounds a little stiffer (and slightly more\nformal) than the \"softer\" Yamato 「への」.\n\nIn a short and single sentence like this, however, the difference seems quite\nminimal.\n\nNote: Though this was not asked about, one **_cannot_** replace 「への」 by「対する」\nin the following phrases.\n\n「ハワイ **への** 旅{たび}」、「オリンピック **への** 道{みち}」、「あなた **への** プレゼント」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T12:48:06.047",
"id": "25816",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-20T12:48:06.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25814",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 25814 | 25816 | 25816 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25822",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How can I say \"on the drive home\"? I could come up with 帰り道に but this really\ndoesn't give any information about the fact that I was driving.\n\n> \"Thinking about it made me still smile while I was driving home.\"\n\nSo one of my attempts at it would be\n\n> あれを考えて、帰り道にニコニコしちゃったよ。\n\nBut the problems with this are that for one, I lost the \"still\" and for\nanother I am not sure this sentence is even correct Japanese.... and is あれ\nreally a natural way to refer to \"it/that\"?\n\nAnother attempt would be:\n\n> あれを考えて、帰り道までにニコニコしちゃったよ。\n\nor\n\n> あれを考えて、帰り道にもニコニコしちゃったよ。",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T12:06:46.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25815",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-20T05:51:50.243",
"last_edit_date": "2022-10-20T05:51:50.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "\"on the drive home\" / \"while I was driving home\"?",
"view_count": 561
} | [
{
"body": "If you need to explicitly include everything -- \"to home\", \"to return/go back\"\nand \"to drive\" -- you have to say \"運転して家に帰る途中\". But 家に is usually obvious, and\ncan be omitted.\n\nニコニコする in this context sounds a bit funny to me. The common and handy word for\nthis is\n[思い出し笑い](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA%E3%81%97%E7%AC%91%E3%81%84),\nand the most common mimesis of 思い出し笑い is ニヤニヤ, not ニコニコ. ニヤニヤ is used both\nwhen one suddenly recalls some very funny joke, and when one recalls some\nhappy news.\n\nUsing あれ/それ is not bad, but あのこと or そのこと may sound a bit neater.\n\n * 運転して帰る途中も、まだ思い出し笑いをしてたよ。\n * 運転して家に帰る間も、あのことを思い出してニヤニヤが止まらなかったよ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T17:41:28.847",
"id": "25822",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-20T17:47:16.493",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-20T17:47:16.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "25815",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As @naruto's answer already gives one of the best solutions based on your\nprinciple, I'd just like to show an example what _I_ would naturally say it in\nJapanese, for your reference:\n\n> おかげで、帰りの車の中でまでニヤニヤしてたもん。\n\nApparently it's too hot today to explain how I've transformed your original\nEnglish into mine.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T07:50:01.507",
"id": "25837",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T07:50:01.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25815",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 25815 | 25822 | 25822 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25819",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was talking to my friend, and she said\n\n> きれいにとれた！\n\nWhat does `に` after an adjective mean, or what does `に` before a verb mean? \nAnd where can I read more about this?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T14:25:07.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25817",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-20T16:05:24.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "New usage for the particle に",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, doesn't に just make きれい (a な adjective) an adverb?\n\n> きれいにとれた \n> You were able to take it beautifully.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T16:01:48.243",
"id": "25819",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-20T16:05:24.060",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-20T16:05:24.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"parent_id": "25817",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 25817 | 25819 | 25819 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of this phrase? I understand the lady and kabuki\nreferences but overall, what is it trying to say?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T16:25:24.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25820",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T18:27:35.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "ヤマトナデシコ七変化 translation",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "ヤマトナデシコ「大和撫子」means a woman who displays feminine virtues of old Japan.\n七変化「しちへんげ」is a kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes\nseven times.\n\nI think it points at the metamorphosis Sunako has to undergo, in order to\nbecome a beautiful lady.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T18:27:35.427",
"id": "25849",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T18:27:35.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10401",
"parent_id": "25820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 25820 | null | 25849 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25826",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Partially quoted from [\"Heaty and Cooling Foods\"](http://www.benefits-of-\nhoney.com/heaty.html):\n\n> When a Chinese uses the terms 'heaty' or 'heatiness' to describe the kinds\n> of foods he/she would like to have or avoid, most Westerners would probably\n> have no idea what those concepts are or find them strange. In Traditional\n> Chinese Medicine (TCM), the notion of heaty (yang)(as opposed to cooling or\n> yin) is related to the balancing of ‘yin' and ‘yang'. To most people,\n> especially the Chinese, in Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong,\n> Malaysia and Singaporeans, such concepts are very much part of the\n> indigenous culture and are commonly used as a form of expressing certain set\n> of symptoms or sensations often associated with emotional or physical\n> reactions ...\n\nFor example, as eating much もち can trigger 鼻血 so we can assign もち米 based foods\nheaty foods.\n\nIs there such term in Japanese? How about 消化が悪い食べ物? Is it relevant?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T18:33:31.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25823",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T04:04:22.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the term (if any) for heaty and cooling foods in Japanese?",
"view_count": 636
} | [
{
"body": "The linked article says 'heaty' is _yang_ = 陽 and 'cooling' is _yin_ = 陰. That\nled me to some Japanese articles discussing **陰 (or 陰性【いんせい】)** and **陽 (or\n陽性【ようせい】)** of foods.\n\n * [食べ物の陰陽](http://roop119.com/2.html)\n * [人間の陰陽による食物の選び方](http://www.m-biotics.com/macrobiotic-q/riron/2-2-2ningenshokumotu.html)\n\nApparently these articles are introducing the same thing as the linked\narticle, but Japanese people are generally not familiar with such a concept.\n(And I also feel that those Japanese sites I found are are very \"pseudo-\nscientific\". Read at your own risk.)\n\n消化が悪い食べ物 (poorly-digested food) is probably irrelevant.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T19:12:54.657",
"id": "25826",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-20T19:20:57.387",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-20T19:20:57.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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},
{
"body": "Maybe the most commonly heard words are 体を温める食べ物 and 体を冷やす食べ物. When I googled\nabout them, the great majority of the results were related to the concept in\ntraditional Chinese medicine.\n\nThere seems to be two streams of technical terms on them. [This\npage](http://www.kenkou-style.com/tokusyu/kanpou02.html) uses 寒性 (cold), 涼性\n(cool), 平性 (neutral), 温性 (warm), and 熱性 (hot), while [this\npage](http://r25.yahoo.co.jp/fushigi/wxr_detail/?id=20111221-00022389-r25), 陽性\n(yang) and 陰性 (yin). Anyway, they're apparently only known by those are\nfamiliar with Chinese medicine.\n\n消化が悪い食べ物 seems to be irrelevant. According to [this\narticle](http://r25.yahoo.co.jp/fushigi/wxr_detail/?id=20110718-00020773-r25),\nthe classification has something to do with protein metabolism that generates\nenergy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T04:04:22.973",
"id": "25835",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T04:04:22.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25823",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 25823 | 25826 | 25826 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25827",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've studied japanese for 6 years, equivalent of 3 years in college. I don't\nreally have a formalized way to measure my Japanese level but I can read\nprobably around 600-700 kanji and am more or less conversationally fluent. I\nhaven't taken a JLPT or anything like that but I want to get a job in the tech\nindustry in Japan. Some of the globalized companies don't require your level\nof Japanese to be that high but some do require you to know \"Business Level\"\nor be able to take things like coding tests written entirely in Japanese.\n\nI do want to expand the range of options for myself and I'm willing to\ndedicate a fair amount of time. Are there any good ways for someone at my\nlevel to learn business level or employment ready Japanese language? Does\nanyone who knows Japanese have experience in the tech industry and knows the\nkind of things I would need to know?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T18:43:43.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25824",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-27T17:34:45.463",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-21T13:20:27.537",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Japanese for the tech industry",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "> Q1. **Are there any good ways for someone at my level for learning business\n> level or employment ready Japanese language?**\n\n**A1.** First, let me suggest what is meant by measurable \"business level\"\nJapanese. When employers list or state that they are looking for someone in ◯◯\nindustry with measurable business level Japanese they are most likely\nreferring to a higher level ([N2 or\nN1](http://www.jlpt.jp/e/about/levelsummary.html)) on the [Japanese Language\nProficiency Test](http://www.jlpt.jp/e/index.html) (JLPT) or a score of [400\npoints or higher](http://www.kanken.or.jp/bjt/english/about/) on the [Business\nJapanese Proficiency Test](http://www.kanken.or.jp/bjt/) (BJT).\n\nYou can review the [JLPT \"can do\"\nstatements](http://www.jlpt.jp/e/about/pdf/cdslist_e_all.pdf) to see what\ntypes of things you will need to be able to do to get a score at those levels.\nThis list will also be helpful for you to evaluate yourself to see at about\nwhat level you are currently at.\n\nFurthermore, when studying for these types of tests, purchasing a study guide\nonline or at a bookstore (in Japan) and using that to study everyday has been\nmost helpful for myself. You can find books to help you study such as the\n[日本語総まとめ\nseries](http://www.amazon.co.jp/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&url=search-\nalias%3Daps&field-\nkeywords=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E7%B7%8F%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81) or\nthe JLPT [Official Book Trial Examination\nQuestions](http://www.jlpt.jp/e/samples/sample12.html). The 日本語総まとめ series is\nespecially helpful because it is set up into daily lessons making it easier to\npace your study schedule. You may also consider the BJT Practice and\nStrategies Workbook Textbook ([ビジネス日本語能力テスト\n模試と対策](http://www.amazon.co.jp/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&url=search-\nalias%3Daps&field-\nkeywords=%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%20%E6%A8%A1%E8%A9%A6%E3%81%A8%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T21:41:18.483",
"id": "25827",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-27T17:34:45.463",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-27T17:34:45.463",
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"parent_id": "25824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 25824 | 25827 | 25827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been watching a few videos and reading up on how the の particle is used\nin explanations (along with だ/です for statements) and I've come across [this\nvideo](http://youtu.be/obOAAmHHHVI).\n\nIt explains how you can use の for seeking explanations at the end of a\nquestion and how you can conjugate the の particle as a noun however I don't\nunderstand the nuance in the following questions:\n\nIf someone asks this question to me\n\n> 学生じゃないの？\n\nOr\n\n> 学生なんじゃない?\n\nMy understanding is that the first one means \"You're not a student?\" But the\nlatter I'm unsure about because I think it means the same thing as the first\nsentence.\n\nAs it stands , If I am not a student then I would reply\n\n> 学生じゃないんだ\n\nto **both** questions.\n\nI asked my Japanese friend what is the difference and she told me that the\nfirst one is a negative question and the second one means \"(S/he) is maybe a\nstudent.\" and that it's more of \"guessing\"\n\nI'm quite confused by this given that the negative conjugation is used in the\nsecond sentence.\n\nMy question is what is the difference between those two sentences and what is\nthe actual meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T22:02:02.587",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7994",
"owner_user_id": "7994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Explanatory の particle in question",
"view_count": 1289
} | [
{
"body": "「 **じゃない** 」 is much more complex than many Japanese-learners seem to think or\neven have actually been taught. That is because it is used **_both_**\naffirmatively and negatively (whereas some learners seem to think it is\n_automatically_ negative because of the 「ない」).\n\nFor instance, if a native speaker said:\n\n> 「うまいじゃない、このピザ！」 (「うまい」 means \"tasty\".)\n\nthat would mean \" ** _This pizza is yummy_**!\" 100% of the time. It just could\nnever mean \"This pizza is **not** yummy.\" even if you wanted it to. Why not?\nBecause the negative form of 「うまい」 is 「うまくない」 and **_not_** 「うまいじゃない」.\n\nThough brief, What I said above is the absolute prerequisite for any further\ndiscussion regarding 「じゃない」.\n\nLet us look at your examples now.\n\n> 「学生{がくせい}じゃないの？」\n\nThis can mean two very different things depending on the **_intonation_**\nused.\n\n 1. \"(Really?) You're not a student? (I thought you were.)\" ← Negative 「じゃない」\n\n 2. \"(Someone) is a student, right? (I am pretty sure s/he is.)\" ← Affirmative 「じゃない」\n\n> 「学生なんじゃない？」\n\ncan only mean one thing: Same as #2 above. It is the affirmative 「じゃない」.\n\nOne would need to have much experience speaking to native speakers to be\ncomfortable with different usages of 「じゃない」 because a large part of it has to\ndo with **intonation**. Part of it is just plain grammar so that one needs no\nspeaking skills to tell the two types of 「じゃない」 apart.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T00:37:12.590",
"id": "25833",
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}
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| 25828 | null | 25833 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One of the famous songs by Mayumi Itsuwa (五輪 真弓) is by the name さよならだけは言わないで I\ncan't find a good translation of the name on a webpage but Google Translate\nsuggests it means \"Do not say only goodbye\" and iTunes spells out the song as\n\"Sayonaradakewa Iwanaide\" as the pronunciation. Does the name of this song\nmean \"don't only say goodbye (to me)\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T22:24:18.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25830",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-20T22:29:18.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "10219",
"owner_user_id": "10219",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Does \"さよならだけは言わないで\" mean \"don't only say goodbye\" or \"don't say goodbye\"?",
"view_count": 1153
} | [
{
"body": "The last thing I want to do is compete with Google Translate, but \"he\" is\nwrong again.\n\nIt means \" ** _Say anything but 'good-bye'_**.\"\n\n> 「～～だけは + Verb in negative form」\n\nis a common expression meaning:\n\n> \"(Verb) anything but ~~\"\n\n「ピーマン **だけは** 食{た}べられ **ません** 。」 = \"I can eat anything but green peppers.\"\n\n「マリアと **だけは** 結婚{けっこん}したく **ない** 。」 = \"I would marry anybody but Maria.\"\n\nBecause this is such a useful expression, I will close by saying:\n\n> 「この表現{ひょうげん} **だけは** 忘{わす}れ **ない** でください！」 = \"Forget anything but this\n> expression, please!\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-20T22:30:59.367",
"id": "25831",
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| 25830 | null | 25831 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> によによ\n>\n> によによ\n>\n> ちょ、なによ、その顔{かお}？何{なに}か言いたい{いいたい}の、二人{ふたり}とも？\n>\n> 何{なに}もありません。ただ、今{いま}はこういう反応{はんのう}をすべきかと思いまして{おもいまして}。\n>\n> 俺{おれ}はサイエに自分{じぶん}と同じ{おなじ}顔{かお}をしろと言われて{いわれて}な。\n>\n> で、この「によによ」に、なにか意味{いみ}でもあったのか？\n>\n> あのね…\n\nOccasionally I'll see this usage where someone has said something and then the\nlistener will respond with あのね/あのな (sometimes with nothing said afterwards and\nappearing to be an expression of exasperation). Does あのね/あのな stand alone as a\ncomment without anything said afterwards (or is the listener suppose to\n\"understand\" from context what they are going to say?)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-20T23:47:18.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25832",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "10676",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What is the meaning/usage of あのね/あのな at the start of a sentence?",
"view_count": 2849
} | [
{
"body": "It is certainly used both ways.\n\n> 「あのね + a sentence or even a passage」\n\n= \"You know, ~~~~~~~\"\n\n> 「あのね・・ with no words to follow」\n\n= \"I'll tell you what.\", \"Wait a sec.\", \"Hold on.\", \"Let me tell you\nsomething.\"\n\nThe two 「あのね's」 are (often) pronounced differently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T01:32:30.243",
"id": "25834",
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| 25832 | null | 25834 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25852",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have two questions about ways to refer to oneself in Japanese. Since they\nare so closely related I am posting both in the same thread but if anyone here\nstrongly disagrees with this please let me know and I will split them up into\ntwo threads.\n\nSo here goes:\n\n(1) I know one does not refer to oneself as XY-さん but rather as XY. But does\nthis rule also apply to ちゃん? I'm asking because some of my friends call me\nナッちゃん but using the general rule of just using my name this would leave me\nsaying stuff like ナは今帰る。Since this sounds wrong to me I have been saying stuff\nlike ナッちゃんは今帰る。\n\n> Is it normal/okay/natural to refer to oneself as XYちゃん?\n\nI don't absolutely have to use ちゃん since I could just use my full name but\nthat's more of a mouthful.\n\n(2) I'm female and usually male individuals refer to themselves as 僕 when\ntalking to me. Once I did a homestay and the host father referred to himself\nas 俺 when talking to me.\n\nWhen someone says 俺 it makes me think that they are kind of common and I don't\nlike it.\n\n> Is 俺 really a rough word to use when talking to someone of the other gender\n> who is not an extremely close friend? Or is it good practice and I should\n> not mind at all?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T08:13:22.280",
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"id": "25838",
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"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Different ways to refer to oneself (2-in-1 question)",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "I'll take a stab at it.\n\n 1. I would say not really. Since you say you have a long name and your friends call you \nナッちゃん, that's already a short form of your name and using that to refer to\nyourself may make you appear childish (as mostly young females refer to\nthemselves in third person, unless you're going for that young person vibe).\nStuff like ナは今帰る sounds awkward because it's kind of like referring to\nyourself by your own nickname. It is much easier convenient and would make\nmore sense to refer to yourself as simply 私; thus 私は今帰る. You could also\nreplace 私 with your full name but if it's too much of a hassle (from the\nlength) then don't.\n\n 2. I'm not sure what you mean by \"common\" but yes, it is casual in general, not just to the opposite gender. 僕 and 俺 are both ways boys refer to themselves. 僕 is a more formal and polite way that young boys or teenagers/men who want to sound polite. \n \n俺 is a very casual way that boys/teenagers/young adult men refer to\nthemselves. It is mostly used between close friends and can sound rough to\npeople meeting for the first time. I wouldn't say good practice per se but it\nis normal for the host father to refer to himself as 俺.\n\nPersonally I use 俺 a lot but in super formal situations I use 私. There's an\narticle here that explains how to address yourself and other people that you\nmay find helpful. <http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/people>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T19:40:11.097",
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| 25838 | 25852 | 25852 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25847",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "There are a few ways to say \"You're welcome\". Which is the best for somebody\nin the workplace (inside and outside the team and of about the same level as\nmyself)\n\n * どういたしまして \n * いいえ\n * いえいえ\n * others?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T08:34:22.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25839",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-22T05:39:13.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "1805",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions",
"politeness",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Saying \"you're welcome\" at the workplace",
"view_count": 1287
} | [
{
"body": "I'm a non-native. But, in my experience 3 options might be:\n\n> 別にたいしたことではない。\n\nwould be formal enough for a non-native. \nLess formally, I'd say:\n\n> 別にたいしたことじゃなかった。\n\nand, most informally simply:\n\n> 別に",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T14:13:07.003",
"id": "25844",
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"score": -4
},
{
"body": "A phrase that hasn't been mentioned and may prove very useful would be\n\n> とんでもないです。\n>\n> とんでもないことでございます。\n\nIt's a polite way of saying \"not at all\".\n\nI think どういたしまして is polite, but somehow carries too much the nuance of \"You're\nwelcome\" in that it accepts the fact that whoever is thanking you is correct\nin thanking you. とんでもない _rejects_ the very idea of needing to be thanked and\nin that way is more humble.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T16:22:24.987",
"id": "25847",
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},
{
"body": "It is common for Japanese people to return a thank you rather than accepting\nthe thank you for themselves and saying 'you're welcome'.\n\nAさん: 「〇〇いただき、ありがとうございました。」\n\nBさん: 「いえいえ、こちらこそありがとうございました。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-22T17:29:52.940",
"id": "25872",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6823",
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| 25839 | 25847 | 25847 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25842",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "んー…別に寝不足って訳じゃないんだけど。ちょっと、やな夢見てさ…\n\n…やな夢？\n\nん…昔のね……\n\nえ、えぇと…\n\nあ、あ、えっと、これ…聞いた方が良いのかな？それとも聞かない方が……\n\nMy question is about what the これ refers to. I think it's like \"これを聞いたほうがいいのかな\"\nwhere they are wondering whether it's a good idea to ask about\nthis(これreferring to questions and details they want to know about this dream).\nOr does it refer to something else?\n\nedit: Another potential meaning I can think of is これ meaning こういう場合",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T10:11:30.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25840",
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"owner_user_id": "10682",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of これ、聞いたほうがいいのかな?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "「これ」, in this context, would refer to the question(s) itself/themselves that\nthe speaker has in mind and is about to ask the other person. In other words,\nwe as readers do not know what it is about at this point.\n\nUnlike 「それ」, which is used to refer to something that has already been\nexplicitly mentioned, 「これ」 is often used to refer to something that has not\nbeen mentioned.\n\nIt is like saying in English, \"I wonder if I should ask **this** or not.\"\n\n\"これ meaning こういう場合{ばあい}\" is a very educated guess and is even pretty close,\nbut it would be more natural to think it would refer to the actual question(s)\nthat is/are about to be revealed",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T10:50:45.847",
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| 25840 | 25842 | 25842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25843",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have came across the word in the following situation.\n\n> A: What is coming to your mind when I say the word 「両{りょう}親{しん}」？\n>\n> B: おれは植木等のファンでね とくにあの無{む}責{せき}任{にん} **とかいう[歌]{うた}** が大好きなんだ 両親イコールってのは...な\n> いい答{こた}えじゃないか\n\n**Another question** : Does the word 「は...な」 mean 'flower'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T10:46:31.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25841",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T12:07:03.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does the word 「とかいう歌」 mean?",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "「～～とかいう歌{うた}」 means \"the/that song called something like '~~'\"\n\n「は..な」 does **_not_** mean \"flower\". Not at all, I am afraid.\n\nThose are two particles so it is pronounced 「 **わな** 」. 「は」 is the subject\nmarker, naturally, and 「な」 is an interjectory particle used for assertion\nand/or persuasion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T11:04:09.573",
"id": "25843",
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"parent_id": "25841",
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"score": 3
}
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| 25841 | 25843 | 25843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25848",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm Jeroen, from the Netherlands and I'm currently learning Japanese.\n\nI'm using Anki, and it's a great tool, and I came across this sentence in the\nJapanese Core 2000 #1 set:\n\n> 彼{かれ}の日本語{にほんご}のレベルは私{わたし}と同{おな}じくらいだ。\n\nI understand most of the sentence and vocabulary. the only new word to me is\n位{くらい}. I know that the particle marker と is like \"and\" in English, kind of,\nand I understand that 彼の日本語のレベル is one part of the sentence. I also know that\nだ is the casual form of です.\n\nI'm asking if somebody could break the sentence down for me, grammarwise, so I\nunderstand it and can make a sentence like it myself.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T15:52:03.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25846",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-19T12:33:00.020",
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"owner_user_id": "10606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"particles",
"learning"
],
"title": "Grammar of 彼の日本語のレベルは私と同じくらいだ",
"view_count": 1021
} | [
{
"body": "> **Q. I'm asking if somebody could break the sentence down for me,\n> grammarwise, so I understand it and can make a sentence like it myself.**\n\n**A.** I'll try to break this down into individual pieces to make it as\nunderstandable as possible.\n\n「彼の日本語のレベルは私と同じくらいだ。」\n\n * 彼 - he\n * の - particle showing possession (i.e., 's, of) \n * **彼の** - his\n * 日本語 - Japanese\n * の - particle that connects a nominal (noun) to another nominal (noun); or particle showing possession (i.e., 's, of)\n * レベル - level \n * **日本語のレベル** - level of Japanese (Japanese level)\n * は - particle that marks what the (main) topic of the sentence is (the topic here being \"His level of Japanese\")\n * 私 - I/me (\"mine\" in this context)\n * と - particle used when making comparisons (meaning \"as\" here; this can also mean \"and\" as you pointed out, but not in this context)\n * 同じ - (the) same \n * **私と同じ** - the same as me\n * **くらい - approximately; about; around; or so; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; so ... that ...; at least; as ... as ...; like;** (くらい is sometimes also written/spoken as ぐらい with the same meaning. 位{くらい}, however does not have the same meaning. The character 位 means throne or rank. For example, 一{いち}位{い} - first place, 位{くらい}を譲る{ゆずる} - to hand over the thrown/crown)\n * だ - is (as you stated, it's the casual (direct) form of です) \n * **私と同じくらいだ** - is about the same as mine\n\nSo the sentence holds the following meaning:\n\n**彼の日本語のレベルは私と同じくらいだ。 \nHis level of Japanese is about the same as mine.**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T17:34:58.970",
"id": "25848",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-21T17:58:20.523",
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}
]
| 25846 | 25848 | 25848 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25855",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence on a visual novel, and it's the first time I see でも+あった\nat the end of a phrase, what does it mean?\n\nThis is the sentence:\n\n> だがその偶然はあらかじめ決められていた世界の意志 **でもあった** 。\n\nThank you in advance for your help",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-21T18:38:39.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25850",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-21T18:48:25.417",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10688",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Sentence ending with でもあった",
"view_count": 1331
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{
"body": "Conceptually speaking でもあった is what you get by trying to combine だった and も (as\nin \"also\").\n\nだった is a contraction of であった and you have to use the uncontracted form in\norder to insert も after で.\n\nSo で **も** あった means \"it **also** was\".\n\n(In the non-past tense, the same thing happens: \"だ + も = でもある\".)",
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"body": "> これって、古い文字で書いてあるみたいだけど、読める？\n>\n> うん、古文は得意だから\n>\n> えーと、「世界、闇に覆われし時、天女に導かれたる超魔神現れん」\n>\n> ――だって\n>\n> うーん、よく分からないけど、なんか面白いことが起こりそうな予感\n\nLooking at the above excerpt, I'm not sure whether I'm overthinking things or\nwhether it doesn't mean what I think it does. On first glance I thought it\nmight be just a shortened way of saying 予感がする but I'm not quite sure if this\nis right. Take for example, 今日も暑くなりそうな予感がする朝, which talks about a morning\nwhich gives that impression(as opposed to saying that is the premonition\nsomeone has). So my question is, does the statement mean that they have the\nabove mentioned premonition, the message gives that impression, or something\nelse?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of なんか面白いことが起こりそうな予感",
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"body": "It is a common technique named 「体言止{たいげんど}め」, which is to end a sentence with\na noun or pronoun instead of a verb or adjective, which is more \"normal\" for\nthe language.\n\n「体言」 means \"nouns and pronouns\" and 「止め」, \"ending (a sentence)\".\n\nThis technique allows the reader/listener to finish up the sentence. So, it is\nall up to you. Most native speakers, however, would read the sentence as\nbeing:\n\n> 「なんか面白{おもしろ}いことが起{お}こりそうな予感{よかん} **がする** 。」\n\nor\n\n> 「なんか面白いことが起こりそうな予感 **がある** 。」\n\nIn your words, it is \"they have the above mentioned premonition\".",
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| 25853 | 25856 | 25856 |
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"body": "it is my first time posting here and I have very little experience with\nJapanese language. Recently, a Japanese user in this game I play posted on my\nwall: どうもフレンド申請はおどおど受け可能ですか？ Does \"odo odo\" mean fearful in this context? I\ncan't help but think I did something wrong to scare the other person...anyway,\nthank you very much in advance :)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-21T21:05:47.827",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Does the \"odo odo\" in this question mean fearful?",
"view_count": 1144
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{
"body": "I'm a native speaker of Japanese and also am a gamer, and I have to say this\nsentence is ungrammatical and hard to interpret, unless this おどおど受け (literally\n\"timid reception\") has some special meaning in the game you play.\n\nIt may be some terrible typo, or maybe it was originally an emoji ([like\nthese](http://emojibank.com/#!%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A9%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A9)) and then\nwas turned into hiragana for some reason.\n\nEven if the person who wrote this actually intended to write おどおど, you don't\nhave to worry too much. Some people can be おどおど (timid) to anyone whom they\ndon't know well.",
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"body": "I know the meaning of おつかれさまでした and どぞ but when they are put together I really\ncan't get what it really means. Does it have a positive or negative meaning?\n\nTo make it clear: one time one of my officemate went home and it is a\ntradition in our company that when you went home late you need to say goodbye\nto your Japanese superiors, so when he said \"お先に失礼いたします\" the other Japanese\nsuperios replied おつかれさまでした but one of them said おつかれさまでしたどぞ then laugh like he\nis trolling or mocking my officemate. Of course it is only from my point of\nview so I want to know what it really means.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T00:25:39.057",
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"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What does おつかれさまでしたどぞ means",
"view_count": 364
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"body": "First of all, 「おつかれさまでした **どぞ** 」 is not a common phrase at all. From your\ndescription, however, I am pretty sure what was going on.\n\nThe Japanese counterpart of \" ** _Over_** \" used in wireless communications to\nmean \"a message is complete\" is 「 **どうぞ** 」 and it is often pronounced like 「\n**どぞ** 」 to shorten it.\n\nThus, I would think that the boss was kidding by speaking like he was on a\nradio circuit.",
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"body": "In English, when building a shelf, for example, the instruction booklet will\ngo along the lines of \"Step 1. ~~~~. Step 2. ~~~~ etc.\"\n\nIn Japanese, I know that you can explain methods by going まずは、それで and ついに but\nis there a Japanese equivalent to \"steps\"? What if I wanted to say \"There are\n3 steps you have to follow\"?",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T03:25:57.837",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Outlining methods in Japanese",
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"body": "You can use ステップ or 手順【てじゅん】.\n\n> * 手順1, 手順2, 手順3, ...\n> * ステップ1, ステップ2, ステップ3, ...\n> * Xをするには3つの手順が必要です。\n> * Xをするには3ステップが必要です。 (You can use ステップ as a counter.)\n>\n\nAlso note that the proper word for 'finally' in this context is 最後【さいご】に, not\nついに. ついに means 'at last'.",
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"body": "I need to write a short abstract for research paper in Japanese, I used the\ndesu/masu-kei, but thought about changing it to the formal writing style de\naru form.\n\nI get that である is used after nouns and adjectives and also verbs followed by\nの, however I have several sentences where I use \"～たいと思っています\" and \"～したいのです”. Is\nit appropriate to use である after volitional that is ～たいのである？ And will\n～たいと思っています just turn into a simple ～たいと思っている or must I change it into\n～たいと思っているのである?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Use of である in formal writing after volitional form",
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{
"body": "So-called である form isn't what you should put である in the end of every sentence.\nである only replace copula だ/です (and its conjugations), and other endings just\nremain as plain form. So when you change your style into である form from です\nform, you'll do:\n\n> したい **です** → したい \n> したいと思ってい **ます** → したいと思ってい **る** \n> したいの **です** → したいの **である**",
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"body": "I found these sentences in a book:\n\n> Kaigi wa itsu arimasu ka? \n> Kore wa nan desu ka?\n\nCould anyone please tell me why it's ..itsu desu.. and not ..itsu **ga**\ndesu..Similarly, why it's ..nan desu.. and not ..nan **ga** desu.., whereas in\nthese statements, 'ga' is used:\n\n> Kono heya ni dare **ga** imasu ka? \n> Ano heya ni nan **i** **ga** arimasu ka?\n\nAlso, is it wrong to say 'nan ga' in the second statement above?\n\nI'm pretty new to Japanese grammar and like many others, I'm not very clear\nregarding the usage of 'ga'. From the websites I've gone through, I've come to\nassume that one of the uses of 'ga' is to indicate a specific person, thing,\netc and so when it's used in simple sentences, it follows interrogative words\nlike 'dore', 'dochira', etc.\n\nFor example,\n\n> Dore **ga** anata no hon desu ka?",
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"tags": [
"questions",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "When to use the particle 'ga' in questions?",
"view_count": 13639
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{
"body": "As you said, \"ga\" is used to indicate specific things, and in some cases can\nserve as a topic marker. In the first two examples your topic is being marked\nby \"wa\". In the case of the latter three examples, the topic.\n\nThe first example asks \" **When** is the meeting?\". \nKaigi (meeting) \nwa (topic marker) \nitsu (when, question word) \ndesu (copula, in this case \"is\") \nka (question marker)\n\nIn this example you are talking about when _the meeting_ is, and \"when\" is\nserving more as a property of the meeting.\n\nAn example of what I mean is \"Watashi wa juu ni ji ni kaigi ni ikimasu.\",\ntranslated as \"I will go to the meeting at 12 o'clock.\"\n\nIn this case the first \"ni\" marks the specific time, \"12 o'clock\", and the\nsecond \"ni\" indicates the location I will be going to (\"ikimasu\" being the\n-masu form of iku, or \"to go\"). \"Wa\" marks the topic, myself.\n\nThe question form would be \"Watashi wa itsu kaigi ni ikimasu ka?\", which asks\n\"When will I go to the meeting?\". The topic is still myself, and in this case\nyou do not need a \"ni\" particle for the time (\"when\"), though you still need\nto mark your destination (\"kaigi\") with a \"ni\" particle.\n\nGoing back to the example, an answer to the question would be \"Kaigi wa juu ni\nji han desu.\", or \"The meeting is at 12:30.\"\n\nIn this case there is no particle marking the time because the topic is the\nmeeting, and the time serves as a description of the meeting (being\nmarked/followed by \"desu\"). It would be wrong in the question form to say\n\"itsu ga\", because \"when\", as I said, is serving as a description of the\ntopic, not as the topic itself.\n\nThe second example follows a similar pattern. An answer to \" **Kore** wa nan\ndesu ka?\" would be \"Kore wa pen desu.\" or \"This is a pen.\" \"Kore\" (\"this\") is\nthe topic and \"pen\" is describing it. \"Kore wa nan ga desu ka?\" would also be\nwrong because again, \"kore\" is the topic, and \"nan\" is a description of the\ntopic.\n\nThe last three examples you provided however are different, specifically in\nthat the question word _is_ the topic.\n\nThe third example asks \" **Who** is in this room?\". As you saw in my example\nof when I will be going to the meeting, the location \"kono heya\" is marked\nwith \"ni\", since it is the location of the topic \"dare\". \"imasu ka?\" is asking\n\"what animate/living object is at the location?\" In an example answer\nsentence, \"Kono heya ni sensei ga imasu.\", would say that \"the teacher\" or\n\"our teacher\" (remember, context can be crucial for small nuances in any\nlanguage), is in \"this room\". In this case, \"wa\" is not used since the topic\nis followed by \"imasu\" (-masu form of \"iru\").\n\nThe fourth example is asking \" **What** is in this room?\", and is just two\nwords different than the third. \"Nani\" is \"what\", and \"arimasu\" (-masu form of\n\"aru\") is basically the same thing as \"imasu\", except it is used for\ninanimate/non-living objects. You wouldn't say \"dare ga arimasu ka?\" instead\nof \"dare ga imasu ka?\", just like you wouldn't say \"what is there?\" instead of\n\"who is there?\" in English.\n\nAnother ordering with (I think, someone correct me if I'm wrong:) the same\nexact meaning, would be \"Dare ga kono heya ni imasu ka?\" and \"Nani ga kono\nheya ni arimasu ka?\".\n\nThe fifth example asks \" **Which** is your book?\" \n\"Dore\", which \"ga\", marking the topic, asking _specifically **which_** item it\nis \"anata no\", your \"hon\", book \"desu\", copula \"ka\", question marker\n\nAgain, \"your book\" is describing the topic, which in this case happens to be\nunknown. An answer would be \"Kore ga watashi no hon desu.\" or \"This is my\nbook.\", and this is where the extended meaning comes in. When you say \"ga\" in\nthe answer here you are saying \"this is my book\" and are implying \"and only\nthis book is my book\". If you say \"Kore wa watashi no hon desu.\" you are\nsaying still that the book you are indicating/holding is \"my book\", but you\nare not saying that for sure that is the only book that is yours. Using \"ga\"\nwould be like emphasizing \"This\" in \" _This_ is my book.\", or saying \"This,\nand only this book, is my book.\" Using \"wa\" would be like saying \"This is my\nbook [but so is that one that you're holding, and that one over there].\" (<-\nimplication in []'s).\n\nTo put it simply, \"wa\" and \"ga\" can both serve as topic markers, with \"ga\"\nbeing more explicit and specific. In addition, when the topic is also the\n\"unknown\" part of your question, you need \"ga\" because you're asking\nspecifically for an answer.\n\nTo my knowledge you can't, or it would be extremely unnatural to say for\nexample \"Dore wa anata no hon desu ka?\" (if I'm wrong/not completely right can\nsomebody more experienced correct me?), and I can't think of any example where\nthe topic would be unknown that you would _not_ use \"ga\" to indicate it. As I\nsaid earlier, in the first two examples the unknown \"variable\" so to speak in\nthe sentence is not the topic, but something that _describes_ the topic, and\nis therefore not marked with \"ga\".\n\nAn example of where you would use \"itsu ga\": \n\"Itsu ga ii desu ka?\", in English \"When [specifically] is a good time [for\nyou]?\", or colloquially \"When is a good time?\".\n\n\"Nan\" and \"nani\" are both what and indicated by the same kanji \" **何{なに｝** \",\nso your fourth example already covers an example of where \"何が{なにが｝\" would be\nused (I cannot however, thing of a place where you would say \" **nan** ga\"\ninstead of \" **nani** ga\"), but as another example of where \"何が{なにが｝\" would be\nused is \"Nani **ga** John-san no suki na tabemono desu ka?\", which is in\nEnglish. \"What is John's favorite food?\".\n\n\"Nani ga\", what specifically is \n\"John-san no\", John's \n\"suki na\", literally \"liked\", colloquially in English we would say \"favorite\" \n\"tabemono\", food \"desu\", copula \"ka\", question marker\n\nI hoped this answered your question. If my answer didn't clear up your\nconfusion please comment so I can improve my answer for you.",
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"body": "## Asking and Answering Questions\n\nThe use of the particle が{ga} here doesn't change whether it is used in a\nquestion or a statement (such as an answer). For example, a statement with the\n\"copula\" です{desu} (the verb _to be_ ) and a question differs only by the\nending with \"か{ka}?\" to mark questions. Note that \"か{ka}\" is only used for\nquestions in formal language (with verbs ending in ~ます{masu}) and informal\nlanguage uses a rising tone.\n\nKaigi wa itsu arimasu ka?\n\nKono heya ni dare ga imasu ka?\n\n> これは **何{なん}** です **か** ？\n>\n> これ{kore}は{wa} **なん{nan}** です{desu} **か{ka}** ？\n>\n> What is this?\n\nAn answer differs only by omission of \"か{ka}?\"\n\n> これ{kore}は{wa} **ペン{pen}** です{desu}。\n>\n> This is a pen.\n\n## The verbs い{i}ま{ma}す{su} and あ{a}り{ri}ま{ma}す{su} for existence\n\nThis similarity between statements and questions also occurs with phrases\nusing the verb _exist_ (which is often used for \"there is\" or \"to have\" in\nEnglish) which is い{i}ま{ma}す{su} for animate objects (people and animals) and\nあ{a}り{ri}ま{ma}す{su} for inanimate objects.\n\nこの部屋{へや}に誰{だれ}がいますか？\n\n> この{kono}へや{heya}に{ni} **だれ{dare}** が{ga}い{i}ま{ma}す{su} **か{ka}** ？\n>\n> Who is in this room?\n\nThe same syntax applies to the answer with か{ka} omitted:\n\n> この部屋{へや}に **トムさん** がいます。\n>\n> この{kono}へや{heya}に{ni} **トム{tomu}さん{san}** が{ga}い{i}ま{ma}す{su}。\n>\n> Mr Tom is in the room.\n\nNote that Japanese people affix ~さん{san} when referring to other people. Never\nuse あ{a}り{ri}ま{ma}す{su} (or the counters ひ{hi}と{to}つ{tsu}, ふ{fu}た{ta}つ{tsu},\netc) for people. It is considered very rude (not just a grammatical mistake).\nHowever the syntax for objects is very similar:\n\n> あの部屋{へや}に **何{なに}** がありますか？\n>\n> あの{ano}へや{heya}に{ni} **なに{nani}** が{ga}あ{a}り{ri}ま{ma}す{su} **か{ka}** ？\n>\n> What (inanimate object) is in that room (over there)?\n\nThe use of the particle が{ga} here is due to the use of phrases with verbs\nwith a subject rather than whether they are combined with a particular\nquestion word. However, particles may be dropped when they are obvious and\nwould not impede meaning. This is most common in conversational language with\nthe particles は{wa}, を{wo}, に{ni}, and の{no}.\n\n## Readings of 何\n\nなん{nan} and なに{nani} do not have different meanings: they are different\nreadings of the same Kanji (何) meaning \"What\". There's no really a well\ndefined rule to determine which reading to use but it does seem to depend on\nwhich sound follows it in the sentence (and is more \"natural\" for native\nspeakers to pronounce).",
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"body": "I'm used to seeing 息をつく and it's easy to understand in parallel to English, as\nを marks the object (to take => a breath).\n\nHowever, I saw this sentence in a dictionary:\n\n> 彼の情熱的な抱擁で彼女は息がつけなかった。 \n> His passionate embrace took her breath away.\n>\n> (出典：プログレッシブ和英中辞典)\n\n**Why is 息 marked here as the object (assuming が is used here as an object\nmarker)? Would rewriting the sentence as**\n\n> 彼の情熱的な抱擁で彼女は息をつけなかった。 \n> His passionate embrace took her breath away.\n\n**make any difference?**",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
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"transitivity"
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"title": "息がつく（つける） and 息をつく（つける） difference?",
"view_count": 1852
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{
"body": "> が is used here as an object marker\n\nThat's right.\n\n> make any difference?\n\nNo difference (or minor difference) I think.\n\n* * *\n\n呼吸をするという意味の「息を吐く(いき を つく)」 という表現は、多くの人が、知らないと答えると思います。(漢字で書けば、意味は通じます。)\n\n多くの人は、「息を吐く」と書くと、「いき を はく」 と読むと思います。\n\n* * *\n\n呼吸をするという意味で、多く使われる表現は、「息」-「を」-「する」です。\n\n「息-を-する-こと-が-できる/できない」を省略した表現が、 「息-が-できる/できない」 です。\n\n「息-を-できる/できない」でも、意味は通じます。\n\nただ、省略する場合は、「を-する-こと」を省略するので、 「息-が-できる/できない」の方が正しいと思います。\n\n* * *\n\n「息がつけない」は、「息がつけない展開」などの、特定の表現で使います。\n\n「息がつけない展開」の「息がつけない」は、「緊張する」あるいは「どきどきする」という意味です。\n\nこの「息がつけない」が、「緊張する」あるいは「どきどきする」という意味になるのは、 「息がつけない」=「息をつく」ことができない =\n(気持ちを)ひと休みさせることができない = 緊張する ということだと思います。\n\n* * *\n\n「息がつける」は、あまり見かけません。たまに見かけるのは、「息がつける場所」などの表現です。 これは、「安心できる場所」という意味だと思います。\n\n「息がつける」= not「息がつけない」= not「緊張する」= 「安心する」 ということだと思います。\n\n息(呼吸)ができる場所 = 安全、安心な場所 = 安心して休める場所 という意味もあると思います。\n\n* * *\n\n息がつく は、使いません。\n\n「息をつく」 は、「ひと休みする」という意味で使う、フレーズです。\n\n「息をつく」には、「息を吐きだす」という意味もありますが、多くの人が、そのような意味があることを知らなかったと答えると思います。\n\n「ひと休みする」という意味で使う場合は、「一息(ひといき)つく」あるいは、「一息いれる」という表現の方が多いです。\n\n* * *\n\n「息がつけない」は、多くの場合「息もつけない」のことだと思います。\n\n「息もつけないほど 忙(いそが)しい」という表現で使います。\n\n「息つく暇(ひま)もない」などの表現も使います。\n\n息もつける は、使いません。\n\n* * *\n\n「息をつく」normally means \"have a break\"\n\n「息もつけない」means \"too busy\"\n\n「息をつく暇もない」also means \"too busy (to have a break)\"\n\n* * *\n\nlinks to Japanese - Japanese dictionary (from デジタル大辞泉)\n\n[息を吐く(いき を\nつく)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%81%AF%E3%82%92%E5%90%90%E3%81%8F-431115)\n\nlinks to Japanese - Japanese dictionary (from weblio)\n\n[息をつく](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%81%AF%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F)\n\n[息をつく暇もない](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%81%AF%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F%E6%9A%87%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\n[息もつけない](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%81%AF%E3%82%82%E3%81%A4%E3%81%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"body": "> 彼の情熱的な抱擁で彼女は息がつけなかった。 \n> Why is 息 marked here as the object (assuming が is used here as an object\n> marker)?\n\nIt's because of the potential form つける. The つける(吐ける) is the potential(可能形)\nform of the transitive verb つく(吐く).\n\nFor example: \n「英語 **を** 話す」--> 「英語を話せる」「英語 **が** 話せる」「英語 **が** 話せない」 \n「目 **を** 離す」--> 「目を離せない」「目 **が** 離せない」 \n「単位 **を** 取る」--> 「単位を取れない」「単位 **が** 取れる」「単位 **が** 取れない」 \n「論文 **を** 書く」--> 「論文を書けない」「論文 **が** 書ける」「論文 **が** 書けない」 \nを can be replaced by が when using the potential form. [This\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/609/the-difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%8C-and-%E3%82%92-with-the-potential-form-of-a-verb) might be of\nsome help.\n\nLikewise, \n「息 **を** つく」(take a breath) -->「息をつけない」「息 **が** つけない」(can't take a breath)\n\n> Would rewriting the sentence as \n> 彼の情熱的な抱擁で彼女は息をつけなかった。 \n> make any difference?\n\nI don't think it would make much difference. I think some people would prefer\nが over を especially in a negative sentence (though it would depend on the\ncontext).",
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| 25866 | null | 25871 |
{
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"body": "> それじゃ遅い。遅すぎるよ、小夜子ねーちゃん。\n>\n> 喩えるなら…そう、後で買えばいいと思っていたものが、いざ欲しい時に売り切れていた…みたいな？\n>\n> 分かるような分からないような…\n>\n> あはは、 **まあいいじゃん** 。\n\nIn this case the speaker was trying to tell the listener why they want do this\nas fast as they can, they tried to liken it using the example and the listener\ndidn't quite get it. They then followed it up with まあいいじゃん, before starting\nanother sentence explaining other reasons why they wanted to do it. Is this\nまあいいじゃん, just like a way of saying \"never mind\", or \"don't worry about it\"?\n(referring to her example)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T15:53:10.863",
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"id": "25869",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "まあいいじゃん meaning",
"view_count": 1929
} | [
{
"body": "I'm by no means anything more than a beginner, but I've both used (and had the\nskit script I wrote it in scrutinized for grammar and spelling) and heard\n「まあいいじゃん」 used to say \"it doesn't matter\", \"whatever then, it's okay if you're\nnot clear on it\", which are just slightly different words for \"never mind\",\n\"don't worry about it\", so yes, it is.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T19:05:37.653",
"id": "25874",
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"body": "Yes. I like to think of まあいいじゃん as a short form of まあいいじゃない, meaning somewhere\nalong the lines of \"well that's fine anyways\" or \"that's okay\".",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T19:26:17.443",
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| 25869 | 25874 | 25874 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25905",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTa0ENwF2bo&feature=youtu.be&t=48s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTa0ENwF2bo&feature=youtu.be&t=48s)\n\nIt seems that the singer is singing 「セイン星矢」 despite the fact that the subtitle\nsays 「セイント星矢」.\n\nQuestions:\n\n 1. Is it a phenomenon similar to [glottalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalization) in some dialects of English?\n\n 2. Is it productive or just a stand-alone case?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "「セイン星矢」 v.s. 「セイント星矢」 in the opening song of 「聖闘士星矢」",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "It seems that the singer pronounces the english word \"saint\" instead of the\nkatakana version 「セイント」. It makes sense, since 「セイント」 comes from \"saint\".\n\nAs for the questions:\n\n 1. The pronunciation is more of a \"style\" choice rather than a linguistic issue.\n\n 2. Wouldn't consider it either one, but like I said, just a stylistic phenomenon.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-24T22:51:01.450",
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| 25870 | 25905 | 25905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25878",
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"body": "What is the idiom \"in the blink of an eye\" in Japanese?\n\nI want to use it to say that two years will be over in the blink of an eye or\n\"before you even notice\".\n\n(For a detailed discussion and examples of the English idiom please see e.g.\n[here](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/58385/in-the-blink-of-an-\neye))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T23:48:36.710",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"idioms"
],
"title": "\"over in the blink of an eye\"?",
"view_count": 1799
} | [
{
"body": "「あっという間{ま}」 is the phrase I would suggest.\n\n\"Two years will be over in the blink of an eye.\" would be:\n\n「2年{ねん}なんて、あっという間だよ。」\n\n「2年なんて、あっという間に終{お}わるよ。」\n\nNeedless to say, 「あっという間」 literally means \"while you utter 「あ」\". It is a\n**_very_** common and useful phrase for \"in the blink of an eye\".",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T23:55:49.307",
"id": "25878",
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"body": "一瞬で, 一瞬にして, etc.\n\nCoincidentally (or not coincidentally), the 瞬 in 一瞬 means blink.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T01:07:50.963",
"id": "25880",
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"body": "In addition to other great answers: I also heard the phrases with roughly the\nsame meaning here and there:\n\n * いつの間にか 「いつの間にかAがBに変わった」\n * たちまちのうちに 「たちまちのうちにAが売り切れになってしまった」 (I would appreciate if a native speaker could comment if this expression is archaic or regional, heard it Kansai)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-09-07T02:08:52.197",
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"body": "瞬く間に（またたくまに）seems exactly the one.",
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| 25876 | 25878 | 25878 |
{
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"body": "こんばんは！\n\nI've taken the challenge to try to read a book written in japanese, and it's\nbeen pretty hard, but I'm learning a lot.\n\nI haven't been able to figure out the meaning of the following: ついかっとなってしまう\nSpecifically, the 『ついかっと」part.\n\n読んでくれてありがとう！",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-22T23:51:12.540",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "ついかっとなってしまう meaning",
"view_count": 158
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{
"body": "You are parsing the phrase incorrectly, which is preventing you from looking\nup the words in the dictionary.\n\n「つい」 means \"carelessly\", \"inadvertently\", \"by chance\", \"in spite of oneself\",\netc.\n\n「かっとなる」 means \"to flare up\", \"to lose one's temper\", etc.\n\nThus, 「ついかっとなってしまう」 means:\n\n**_\"I (or someone) lose(s) my/his/her temper in spite of my/him/herself.\"_**",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T00:09:06.967",
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| 25877 | 25879 | 25879 |
{
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"body": "Which is the correct one?\n\n * テレビが壊れ **ている** から、見られ **ない** んです。\n * テレビが壊れ **ている** から、見られ **ていない** んです。\n * テレビが壊れ **る** から、見られ **ない** んです。\n * テレビが壊れ **る** から、見られ **ていない** んです。\n * テレビが壊れ **た** から、見られ **ない** んです。\n * テレビが壊れ **た** から、見られ **ていない** んです。\n\nWhen do we have to use either progressive or plain form such as in the\nfollowing sentences?\n\n * このことを知っていますか。\n * このことを知りますか。\n * 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行しているかもしれない。\n * 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行しているかもしれない。\n * 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行するかもしれない。\n * 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行するかもしれない。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T10:17:23.007",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Still confused with tenses",
"view_count": 283
} | [
{
"body": "As for your broken TV, all sentences are correct and are emphasizing different\naspects of your problem. Let me give some loose translations and try to\nillustrate the differences.\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **ている** から、見られ **ない** んです。 \n> My TV is broken, so I can't watch TV.\n\nThe progressive tense emphasizes the ongoing state of \"being broken\". You\nintend to repair your TV, but in the meantime, you can't watch TV. You can't\nwatch the episode you wanted, but you don't sound too troubled by that.\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **ている** から、見られ **ていない** んです。 \n> My TV is broken, so I haven't been able to watch TV [or rather _anything_\n> ].\n\nAgain, you intend to repair your TV, but now the progressive tense in the\nsecond half of the sentence means that you also feel the length of \"not being\nable to watch\". (You can't watch _anything_ while your TV is broken.)\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **る** から、見られ **ない** んです。 \n> I can't watch TV, because [whenever I try to watch TV] my TV breaks. _or_ \n> I can't watch TV, because [I think] my TV is going to break.\n\nThis and the next are a bit strange, because the plain form of 壊れる means\neither that \"every time you watch TV, your TV breaks\" or that you're worried\nthat your TV will break. (Cf. 壊れるから、触らないで! \"Don't touch, it's gonna break!\")\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **る** から、見られ **ていない** んです。 \n> My TV always breaks, so I haven't been able to watch TV.\n\nAgain, your TV either breaks every time you try to watch (strange), or you're\nworried it does (also a little strange), and you're troubled by the fact that\nyou can't watch anything.\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **た** から、見られ **ない** んです。 \n> My TV broke, so I can't watch TV.\n\nYour TV broke and it doesn't sound like it's something that you're going to\n(try to) repair. As a simple consequence, you can't watch TV.\n\n * > テレビが壊れ **た** から、見られ **ていない** んです。 \n> My TV broke, so I haven't been able to watch TV [or watch _anything_ ].\n\nThis is the most hopeless of them all. Your TV is broken beyond repair, and as\na consequence you lost your link to civilization. [Replace this by a more\nreasonable interpretation, by analogy with the above.]\n\nThere are other reasons for choosing one tense over the other. For 壊れる one is\nmore likely to say 壊れている, because 壊れた sounds very careless, in the sense of\n\"broken and nothing I'm going to do about it\". 壊れている sounds more like you're\ntrying to get it fixed. (Try it with 車 or トイレ!)\n\n* * *\n\nJust briefly,\n\n 1. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行しているかもしれない。\n 2. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行しているかもしれない。\n 3. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行するかもしれない。\n 4. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行するかもしれない。\n\n(2) is the only real option. いつも閉まる, as in (1) and (3) would mean \"always\n[opening and] closing\" (or \"always closes [whenever I look]\") which doesn't\nmake any sense. And (4) would be \"The window is always closed, so he might\ntravel soon.\" Why would someone close his windows days or weeks before\ntravelling?",
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"body": "They are all correct, and you should use it depending on what you want to say.\n\n 1. テレビが壊れているから、見られないんです。 We can't watch it because the TV has been broken (and is currently out of order).\n 2. テレビが壊れているから、見られていないんです。 We haven't been able to watch it because the TV has been broken.\n 3. テレビが壊れるから、見られないんです。 We can't watch it because the TV will be broken (if we watch it).\n 4. テレビが壊れるから、見られていないんです。 We haven't been able to watch it because the TV will be broken.\n 5. テレビが壊れたから、見られないんです。 We can't watch it because the TV got broken.\n 6. テレビが壊れたから、見られていないんです。 We haven't been able to watch it because the TV got broken.\n 7. このことを知っていますか。 Do you know this?\n 8. このことを知りますか。 Will you learn this?\n 9. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行しているかもしれない。 Since the window in the room closes every time, they might be on a trip.\n 10. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行しているかもしれない。 Since the window in the room has been closed every time, they might be on a trip.\n 11. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まるから、旅行するかもしれない。 Since the window in the room closes every time, they might take a trip.\n 12. 部屋の窓がいつも閉まっているから、旅行するかもしれない。 Since the window in the room has been closed every time, they might take a trip.",
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| 25883 | 25885 | 25885 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25893",
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"body": "My employer sent a request with a message saying \"田中です。\" What do I have to say\nwhen accepting my employer's request to be a LINE friend?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-23T15:37:28.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25887",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "What do I have to say when accepting my employer's request to be a LINE friend?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "Assuming that your employer's name is 田中 (Tanaka), you should probably say\nsomething along the lines of よろしくお願いします, 田中さん or something similar to the\nformalities you said when you first met your boss.\n\nUnless your employer added you on LINE for colloquial reasons (such as to hang\nout) then you should address them formally.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 25887 | 25893 | 25893 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A question about a verb I don't understand\n\n住んでいました - Sunde imashita\n\njisho.org tells me:\n\n\"住んでいました looks like an inflection of 住む, with these forms: Te-iru-form. It\nindicates an action that is ongoing. Masu-form. It is the polite form of the\nverb. Ta-form. It indicates the past tense of the verb.\"\n\nso I tried this:\n\n住む - sumu - to live\n\nit ends with -mu so it becomes: 住んで - sunde (te form)\n\nand this is as far as I go because I can't seem to understand this part: いました\n\nCould you tell me how that part is formed and the logic behind it ?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Need help understanding 住んでいました",
"view_count": 1956
} | [
{
"body": "The て(で) + いる(form) is not only used for ongoing actions. It also indicates\nstates, as being married or possessing something:\n\n> けっこんしています\n>\n> 車{くるま}をもっている\n\nIn the situation of your question, it indicates that the person used to live\nsomewhere (a past state).",
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"body": "The -ている, is as you quoted jisho.org, is used to mean it is an ongoing action\nor a state. That being said, when いる is conjugated to the past (いました), you are\nindicating that it _was_ ongoing (or in the case of states, was the state of\nbeing) in the past.\n\nAs 住んでいる{すんでいる}, it would mean you are currently living (in a location). \nEx: 私{わたし}はニューヨークに住んでいます. I am living in New York.\n\nAs 住んでいた, it would mean you lived/had been living (in a location). \nEx: 私はニューヨークに住んでいました. I lived in New York.\n\nIf you said 住みました I believe it still means \"I lived\" but I can't find an\nexample of that usage, and from what I have been told it is wrong to use it.\nThat's where the -ている form comes in, indicating that you _were_ living in a\nlocation for a period of time, and in English it would be your _state of\nbeing_.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T17:15:29.023",
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| 25888 | null | 25890 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25901",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know why, in general, new words are imported (from English\namong other languages) rather that created with respect to the concept/thing\nthey represent.\n\nFor example, \"computer\" could be written as 計算機 (the word exists but is not\ncommon), the same would be true for words like \"shower\", \"engine\", \"orchestra\"\nand many others.\n\nWhat is even more confusing is that borrowed words may be preferred. The first\nexample that comes to my mind is smooth スムーズ which was formerly 円滑. 円滑 is\nstill used but スムーズ is far more common and it covers a broader range of\nmeanings.\n\nTo add to the previous paragraph, while 2-kanji-compound are often very\nprecise in meaning (and it is often useful to check the dictionary of synonym)\nloaned words tends to have broader meanings.\n\nThis question has been nagging at me because the more I learn kanji the more I\nfind them useful, it is easy to parse a sentence with a lot of kanji (as long\nas particles are not written with man'yougana though) and at the same time\nsince the meaning is somewhat encoded into the kanji it easier to grab the\nmeaning of the whole sentence.\n\nOn the other hand, since the borrowed word tend to keep their original\npronunciation and form they are written as katakana which is understandable\nbut at the same time it is more difficult to read/parse and the meaning is not\nencoded in the written form of the word. The use of too much kana tends to\nmake Japanese much like any other language with an alphabet.\n\nI am not advocating that Japanese should borrow words from Chinese (it would\nnevertheless be a solution), but I am wondering why not like the Chinese\ncreates new words conceptually from existing kanji. (In the first example I\ngave 計算機 is not the Chinese word for computer which is 電腦 most of the time and\n計算機 sometimes.)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T17:26:24.973",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Why importing words from other languages rather than building new ones from existing kanji?",
"view_count": 659
} | [
{
"body": "Here's a question: are you sure that your characterisation of the situation is\naccurate? Are all, or the majority, of new words in Japanese created by\nimportation from other languages? Do you have any statistics about this?\n\nIt's often relatively obvious to English speakers when we see a katakana word\nimported from English, but how do you know you're not seeing recently coined\nkanji compounds, or repurposed kanji compounds, or recent imports from\nChinese? By 'repurposed' I mean when older words are given new meanings, just\nas \"computer\" did not originally mean a machine.\n\nSince I didn't have the answers to those questions off the top of my head, I\ntried to find some data for you.\n[This](http://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/ja/list/doctoral_thesis/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%28%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%29/item/36447)\nis a recent PhD thesis comparing neologisms in Japanese and Korean. I can't\nspeak to the parts of it that involve Korean, but if you look at page 39\nthere's a table which suggests that by the measure of this research, only\nabout 25% of 新語{しんご} (neologisms) from 2001 to 2010 are actually 外来語{がいらいご}.\nThe largest part (~40%) are actually mixed words - 混種語{こんしゅご}\n\nKeep going to page 59, and you'll see a breakdown of these - the majority are\na combination of a foreign word and kanji. So 迷惑{めいわく}メール (rather than スパム),\nサイバー犯罪{はんざい} (rather than サイバークライム), and so on.\n\nIt can also be that the impression we get of how many new katakana words there\nare from the specific things we are reading. For example, looking at the\n[少納言](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/search_form) corpus, I don't think\nit's true that スムーズ is far more common than 円滑. ([This meta\nquestion](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/522/) on Google\ncounts may be of relevance).\n\nThe final thing to consider is whether all uses of foreign-origin words count\nas \"importation\". Do you count every time somebody makes up a new sort of パン\nas re-importation of a foreign word? 米パン is arguably a case of this - a\nrelatively new term (or at least, recently popular), made by combining two\nJapanese words - 米 & パン.\n\nI think the actual answer is: people create words according to their\nrequirements at the time. There are no set rules, and attempting to impose\nrules rarely actually works (ask the French about _le jogging_ and other _faux\nanglicismes_ ).\n\nIf someone imported a word and transliterated it rather than inventing one, it\nwas because it was there and it seemed like the easiest option at the time, or\nbecause they thought it sounded cool/modern, or because they wanted to avoid\nspecific connections/connotations which might have come with using existing\nwords in Japanese (計算機 implies \"calculator\" more than it does \"computer\"), or\nfor some other reason that escapes me for the moment.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-24T13:01:45.220",
"id": "25901",
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| 25891 | 25901 | 25901 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25895",
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"body": "What does ば do in this sentence? I am familiar with it as a conditional but it\ndoesn't seem right here.\n\n> 早朝と言っても人影がまばらにあって、露店の準備をしているホビット **もいれば**\n> 、僕と同じ冒険者のドワーフ達が徒党を組んで何か話し合っている。これからダンジョンへ向かうんだろう。\n\nI interpreted the first sentence as\n\n> If there were hobbits that were preparing stalls, then they would talk to\n> adventurers, like me, join their party, and then discuss something together.\n> After that they would head probably head towards the dungeon.\n\nBut then this sentence followed after, so I don't think I interpreted the\nfirst sentence correctly.\n\n> 僕もダンジョンへもぐる装備を身に付けて神様から逃げ出し...もとい部屋から出てきたから、\n> **傍{はた}から見れば彼らと似ったり寄ったりかもしれない。**\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-23T19:43:34.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25892",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-17T13:23:17.893",
"last_edit_date": "2015-08-04T00:32:45.217",
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"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "What does ば do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 476
} | [
{
"body": "> 「露店{ろてん}の準備{じゅんび}をしているホビットもいれ **ば** 、～～～」\n\nIn this sentence, 「ば」 is used to express _**juxtaposition**_.\n\nUsually, one would expect it to be in the form of 「Aも～～ば、Bも～～だ/です/である」, but\nyou are obviously not reading a very serious piece of writing and the author\ndid not use the second 「も」.\n\n_**\" there were a group of hobbits doing ~~ and a group of dwarfs doing ~~\"**_\n\n> 「傍{はた}から見{み}れ **ば** ～～～」\n\nHere, 「ば」 expresses \"conditional\".\n\n\" _ **If/when**_ seen from the outside\"\n\nExamples taken from [プログレッシブ和英中辞典's entry for 「ば」, section\n2](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E3%81%B0):\n\n> 「彼{かれ}はゴルフもやれ **ば** テニスもやる。」 \"He plays not only golf but also tennis.\"\n>\n> 「彼には妻{つま}もあれ **ば** 子{こ}もある。」 \"He has a wife, and a child as well.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T23:25:44.570",
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| 25892 | 25895 | 25895 |
{
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"body": "> その絵はほとんど完成だ。\n\nI find this sentence quite confusing. 完成 means the act of completion, so I\ndon't understand why だ is used instead of a variation of する. The meaning seems\ndifferent than a sentence like 今は勉強だ where it says that something is in the\nprocess of the する verb rather than being in the state after the する verb as\nimplied in the above example.\n\nAlso, when a character says 了解 after receiving a command, are they omitting した\nor です? It's very complex since there are times when a character will say\n\"これを召喚！\" and it means \"I will summon this\" or \"I summon this\" and despite\nfollowing the format of omitting something, they mean different things.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-23T20:24:32.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does it mean to use a する verb without する?",
"view_count": 916
} | [
{
"body": "> **Q. What does it mean to use a する verb without する?**\n\n**A.** 完成 is a noun (meaning 'complete' or 'completion'). する is added to it to\nmake it a verb (meaning 'to complete'). For example \"That picture is mostly\ncomplete (in a state of completion).\" (その絵はほとんど完成だ。）as opposed to \"I've mostly\ncompleted that picture.\" (その絵はほとんど完成しました。）\n\nWhen you see 熟語{じゅくご} (compound characters, such as 完成、勉強、了解、召喚 etc.) followed\nby する it is taking the noun form and making it a verb. As for looking for what\nis being omitted, you can look at the context and particles surrounding the\n熟語. For example, when someone says 了解, they could be saying two different\nthings with the basically the same meaning. 了解（しました）-I understood/got it/roger\nthat **or** 了解（です）-lit. (It) is understanding/comprehension (i.e., I\nunderstand).",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-24T01:10:39.993",
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"body": "Without する the compound becomes a noun. Let's compare:\n\n> その絵は完成だ。 That picture is **complete**.\n>\n> その絵は完成した。 That picture is **completed** OR **I completed** that picture.\n\nAnother quick example:\n\n> 明日は遠足だ It's our school trip tomorrow 明日は遠足する tomorrow we will go on (= do)\n> our school trip.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-29T06:29:16.530",
"id": "26007",
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{
"body": "Basically する verbs are a combination of する with a noun that has an inherent\nmeaning of an action/state - almost always a Chinese compound or single\ncharacter. The する is really nothing more than the \"Japanese agent\" of that\nChinese noun - taking care of the tenses, endings, etc. that the the kanji\nitself can't express.\n\nSince the kanji part already has the basic meaning necessary for understanding\nwhat its about, and has indeed come (at least in spirit) from Chinese where it\ncan function as a verb on its own, it often happens that the する part is simply\nleft out if not considered necessary. The noun on its own is already\nunderstood as a verb.\n\nLike する, だ here is a vague element serving to complete the sentence. It's not\nequating \"painting = near completion\", but saying, \"The painting? Almost\nfinished\", like you would say in very casual English.\n\nThe idea is that in this sentence, it's not important to the speaker to stress\nthe completion as a finite verb (one with a tense etc.), only to generally say\nthat its nearing completion.\n\nRegarding 了解, as far as I know it's short for 了解しました or 了解いたしました.",
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| 25894 | null | 25896 |
{
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"body": "I'm trying to understand this sentence, particularly how と works here.\n\n> 朝から、算数、国語、社会、理科と退屈な授業が続く。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T04:43:16.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25898",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-02T21:16:55.100",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-02T21:16:55.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"coordination"
],
"title": "What is と doing here after this list?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "> 「朝{あさ}から、算数{さんすう}、国語{こくご}、社会{しゃかい}、理科{りか} **と** 退屈{たいくつ}な授業{じゅぎょう}が続{つづ}く。」\n\n「と」 here means the same thing as 「といった」, 「など」, 「のような」, etc. Strictly speaking,\n「という」 is not included here.\n\nIt is used to list **_multiple_** examples (in this case, the four\nclasses/subjects) of what one is speaking about (here, 「退屈な授業」= \"boring\nclasses/subjects\").\n\n\"Multiple\" is _the_ key word. This 「と」 **_could not_** be used if only one\nexample were being given. You must use 「という」 in that case.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T12:33:51.693",
"id": "25900",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
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| 25898 | null | 25900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25906",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It appears that nai conjugates onto the renyoukei (.ku) form of i-adjectives\ninstead of the mizenkei (.karo) form, as it does with verbs. Is this correct?\nEvery source I've found shows the .kunai result without ever explaining what\nform is used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T15:58:05.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25902",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-24T23:13:16.057",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-24T23:13:16.057",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10721",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"negation",
"i-adjectives",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "みぜんけい or れんようけい form for ない conjugation of i-adjectives",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "> It appears that 「ない」 conjugates onto the 連用形{れんようけい} (～～く) form of\n> i-adjectives instead of the 未然形{みぜんけい} (～～かろ) form, as it does with verbs.\n> Is this correct?\n\nYes, it is correct. As a Japanese-learner, I suppose you would just have to\nmemorize the rule in forming the negative forms. Keep making mistakes and\neventually, only the correct forms will sound good in your own ear.\n\nWhy does this difference exist, then?\n\nIn short, because we are, strictly speaking, talking about two different\n「ない's」 here -- two different words with the same spelling, that is, at least\nhistorically.\n\n「ない」 attached to verbs is an **_auxiliary verb_** while 「ない」 attached to\nadjectives is an **_adjective_**.\n\n**_Tips on how to tell the two 「ない's」 apart:_**\n\nTry replacing the 「ない」 with 「ぬ」 in phrases containing 「ない」. If it still makes\nsense, it is the auxiliary verb 「ない」.\n\n「かわいく **ない** 」⇒「かわいく **ぬ** 」 Makes no sense; Must be the adjective 「ない」.\n\n「話{はな}さ **ない** 」⇒「話さ **ぬ** 」 Makes perfect sense; Must be the auxiliary verb\n「ない」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-24T22:54:24.953",
"id": "25906",
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"score": 2
}
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| 25902 | 25906 | 25906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25907",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 浴槽にバラの花びらを浮かべ遊ばせる様な **ゆとり** を\n\nWhat does ゆとり in this context mean? My guess is:\n\n> **Time** allowed to play in a bath tub filled with rose petals\n\nAccording to an online dictionary it should mean time, since it's written in\nHiragana. Is that correct?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ejkxY.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T22:09:27.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25904",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-24T23:17:00.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of ゆとり in this sentence",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "In this context, 「ゆとり」 would mean more like \" ** _mental affluence_** \" than\n\"time\". It would be synonymous to 「心{こころ}のゆとり」, which we also often use.\n\nOne would, of course, certainly need to have time to obtain mental affluence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T23:17:00.397",
"id": "25907",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "25904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 25904 | 25907 | 25907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25910",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the situation where I see someone doing something and having fun I might\nsay 楽しそう. For example, I might be standing next to a roller coaster looking at\nit thinking that this looks like fun. So I would say\n\n楽しそう。乗ろう！ = This looks like fun, let's do this!\n\n(Of course I don't know if this is a natural or correct thing to say in this\ncase)\n\nNow assume I am looking at someone's pictures, say, of this roller coaster.\nSay, they went to the fun fair today and came back and are now showing me\npictures.\n\n> How can I say \"It looks like you were having fun.\"?\n\nSome ideas I have are\n\n楽しそうだったね。\n\nThe problem I have is that it makes me think that the past tense verb だった\nrefers to the 楽しそう so that it would mean\n\nThis looked like you are having fun.\n\nWhen I really want to be saying\n\nThis looks like you were having fun.\n\nSo I guess I want to put 楽しそう into past tense but 楽しそかった sounds wrong, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-24T23:33:25.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25908",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T00:27:52.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Past tense of 楽しそう？",
"view_count": 2677
} | [
{
"body": "To me, at least, this question is two-fold.\n\n> 1. Grammatical past-tense in the purely technical sense.\n>\n> 2. How native speakers actually use tenses when speaking _**while looking\n> at pictures**_.\n>\n>\n\n_**In pure grammar:**_\n\n「楽{たの}しそう **だ** 」⇒「楽しそう **だった** 」 and\n\n「楽しそう **です** 」⇒「楽しそう **でした** 」\n\n_**In reality:**_\n\nThe vast majority of native speakers would not use either one of the two\nphrases above in the past tense while looking at photos taken only earlier on\nthe same day.\n\nMost would say:\n\n「楽しそう（ね/だね/ですね）」 as if it were happening right this minute.\n\nFurthermore, we would actually say the same even if the pictures were from a\nfew years ago or even 50 years ago. Photos stop time in us at least\ntemporarily and if time stops, tenses will go as well.\n\nIf you absolutely must use a past tense of some sort in saying this, one\noption would be to say:\n\n「楽し **かった** みたいね。」 without using 「そう」.\n\nThe form you used at the end 「楽しそかった」 does not exist.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T00:19:03.267",
"id": "25910",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "25908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 25908 | 25910 | 25910 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have learnt 手を出す from watching Anime. In the context it was 子供に手を出したりしないわよ\n(if I heard correctly) and it means that she wouldn't make a move on a child.\n\n> Can I use this word without any sexual connotation?\n\nFor example, can I use it to say I don't really use Facebook in the following\nway:\n\nFacebookにあまり手を出さない。\n\nOr is it unnatural and the proper way to say this is\n\nFacebookをあまり使わない。\n\nHm... or perhaps I'm getting the verb tense wrong and it should be\n\nFacebookをあまり使っていない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T00:06:13.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25909",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T01:05:05.647",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-25T00:32:58.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "10344",
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "手を出す -- how to use it?",
"view_count": 771
} | [
{
"body": "「手を出す」has several meanings and it depends on the situation it is used.\n\n「手を出す」\n\n * けんかをする(暴力を振るう)\n * some sexual meanings..\n * touch or interact (ex: 「Facebookに手を出す」)\n * 手をさし出す(show someones hand) (ex: 「アメをあげるから、手を出して」(Want candys? Show me your hand.))\n\n女性の場合は「子供に手をあげる」(子供をたたく、あるいは、暴力を振るう)などの表現も使います。\n\n「手を出さない」\n\n * けんかをしない(暴力を振るわない)\n * some sexual meanings..\n * will not touch or interact (ex: 「Facebookにあまり手を出さない」)\n\n* * *\n\n> Facebookにあまり手を出さない。 Facebookをあまり使わない。 Facebookをあまり使っていない。\n\n全て、使えると思います。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T01:05:05.647",
"id": "25911",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6798",
"parent_id": "25909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 25909 | 25911 | 25911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> New information does not equate to contrast. So, it's not that the sentence\n> below equates to either _the **bird** is blue_ or _the bird is **blue.**_\n> Providing details is something we do all the time in a conversation, but\n> it's not the case that we make each detail a topic of discussion. If we do,\n> we return later and address them as topics of a new paragraph or statement\n> (if you're talking). が does have an emphatic usage, but the contexts are not\n> the same. We will see this soon.\n>\n> 4. その[鳥]{とり}が赤い。 \n> The bird is red.\n>\n\n(from [第9課: The Particles が & は](http://www.imabi.net/l9theparticlesgawa.htm))",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T03:33:49.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25912",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T15:26:58.893",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10726",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can you explain this a little better?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "I'd recommend you to ignore that explanation, because the writer doesn't\n**really** seem to understand what は・が are for. (Especially about the bold\nparts)\n\nFirst, が denotes the subject **in a clause**.\n\n * 東から日が昇ること a fact that the sun rises in the east\n * 象が鼻が長いこと a fact that elephants have a long trunk\n\n**When you turn it into a sentence of statement (in other words, not a\nquestion or an order), you must include some topic parts.**\n\n * 東から **は** 日が昇る (to a question \"what will happen in the east?\")\n * 日 **は** 東から昇る (to a question \"which sky does the sun rises in?\")\n\nThese sentences stand for your judgement about permanent facts.\n\nOn the other hands, sentences that describe or report what you have just seen\nor discovered are composed without any topic parts.\n\n * ほら、東から日が昇る！ Look, the sun is about to rise in the east!\n\nIn this usage, when the subject is modified with この or その, the subject must be\nindicated without particles.\n\n * その鳥、赤い！\n\nWhen you say \"it's in the east that the sun rises\", you can express it as\n日が昇るのは東からだ in Japanese (besides 日は東から昇る). This structure can be inverted into\n**東から** 日が昇る. That's another sentence with が.\n\nSo, the reasonable interpretation for the sentence その鳥が赤い will be \"it's that\nbird that is red\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:18:07.007",
"id": "25922",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-25T14:27:51.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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| 25912 | null | 25922 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25915",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading Shin Chan and there's a situation I can't quite understand. His\nmother says they're going to the bank, and Shin Chan starts packing his toy.\nThen his mother says おもちゃはいいの！！おもちゃは and after that she says something about\nwondering what Shin Chan understands by 'bank'. Shin Chan runs away and brings\nback a knife. And his mother says, with a shocked look, where did you learn\nsuch a thing about banks?\n\nI don't get why after saying おもちゃはいいの！！Shin Chan runs away to get something\nelse. Isn't she saying that the toy is OK? From the context it seems that Shin\nChan understands the toy is not something you would take to a bank.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T10:45:43.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25914",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T14:59:10.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Don't understand the situation in a shin chan comic strip",
"view_count": 571
} | [
{
"body": "You are thinking in the opposite direction here, which I cannot blame you for\ndoing.\n\n> In this context, 「おもちゃはいいの！」 means:\n>\n> \"You don't bring toys to the bank!\"\n\nIn casual conversation, 「～～はいい」 often means \"(something) is OK _**without**_\n~~\" or \"(something) goes well _**without**_ ~~\".\n\nSynonymous phrases include 「～～はいらない」, 「～～はなくて（も）いい」, 「～～はなしでいい」,\n「～～は必要{ひつよう}ない」, etc.\n\nFinally, if a store clerk asks you if you need a bag, you can say 「いいです」 to\nmean you _**do not**_ need one. To be politer, you can say 「けっこうです」 instead.\nEither way, this is a usage of 「いい」 that quite a few J-learners would take to\nmean the exact opposite -- they would tend to think it means they want a bag\nif they said 「いいです」 in that situation.\n\nSee usage 3-イ here:\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%84-429975#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T10:56:58.020",
"id": "25915",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 25914 | 25915 | 25915 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "つれて行く means to take someone somewhere, eg: 毋はびょういんへつれて行ってくれました However in the\nclassic ご覧のスポンサーの提供でお送りします,送りしますmeans like \"bringing you, taking you.\" Are\nthese two phrases interchangable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T11:31:03.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25916",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-14T03:41:11.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10728",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between つれて行く and 送りします",
"view_count": 2000
} | [
{
"body": "Think of it in terms of the English counterparts and it'll all make sense:\n\n * 連れる to take someone/thing along with you, and do an action **together**.\n * お送りする to take/send someone/thing to do something (nuance: you don't do the action).\n\nExamples:\n\n * 犬を連れて散歩する. To take a dog on a walk **with** you.\n * お母さんを空港まで送った（お送りした）。 To take your mum to the airport.\n\nSo to go back to your question, the この番組は〜〜〜でお送りしました。They (the sponsors)\nbrought you the TV program, but have nothing to do with it after \"delivering\"\nit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T13:32:27.417",
"id": "25918",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T13:32:27.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6611",
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{
"body": "> 送りします\n\nYou don't say 「送りします」. It's お送りします(or お送りする in the plain form) or 送ります(or 送る\nin the plain form). お送りします(お送りする) is the humble form of 送ります(送る).\n\n> 母はびょういんへつれて行ってくれました\n\nIf you mean \"My mom took me to the hospital\", you could say:\n\n> 母が/は(私を)[病院]{びょういん}まで/に送ってくれました。\n\n送ってくれた would mean your mom took you to the hospital and left you there.\n\n> or, 母が/は(私を)病院へ/に[連]{つ}れて行ってくれました。\n\n連れて行ってくれた would mean your mom took you to the hospital and may or may not have\naccompanied you while you were there.\n\n* * *\n\nE.g.\n\n> 母を病院に連れて行きました。\n\n\"I took my mom to the hospital (you may or may not have accompanied her).\"\n\n> 母を病院まで送りました*。\n\n\"I took my mom to the hospital (and left her there. You didn't accompany\nher).\" \n(*Use 送った/送りました, not お送りした/お送りしました; you don't use the humble form for the\naction you do for your own mother.)\n\n* * *\n\n> ご覧のスポンサーの提供でお送りします。\n\nLiterally, \"We bring (this program) to you by the contributions of the\nsponsors that you see (here).\" --> \"This program is brought to you by these\nsponsors\". You can't use 連れて行きます instead of お送りします here. You use 連れて行く for\nsaying \"to take/bring _someone_ (normally, people or animal) somewhere\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T17:13:15.003",
"id": "25927",
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{
"body": "To keep it simple, 送る means to send something while 連れて行く means to take\nsomething or someone with you. I would say that 連れて行く Involves another person\nwhile 送る doesn't do it by itself",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-27T01:17:29.020",
"id": "25957",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-27T01:17:29.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10731",
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]
| 25916 | null | 25918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25924",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've noticed that some studies are named with a 論 suffix in Japanese, and\neffectively in Korean as well. They are otherwise simply suffixed with 学 in\nChinese and Vietnamese. Compare these examples:\n\nJapanese 宇宙論 vs Chinese 宇宙学 (cosmology)\n\nJapanese 音韻論 vs Chinese 音位学 (phonology)\n\nThere are also words like 集合論 (set theory) that are used in both Japanese and\nChinese, but the English translation is more likely to contain \"theory\".\n\nSo I wonder what makes some studies 論 or 学. Do 論-studies involve much more\n_theories_ or _suggestions_ , and those _theories_ or _suggestions_ are, well,\nprone to being debatable? For instance, phonologists have had different\nopinions on the number of phonemes of Japanese, which makes their study\n(phonology) the 論 type? And cosmologists only speculate about the Big Bang\ntheory, and no one has ever witnessed the creation of the universe since we\ndidn't exist then, which makes cosmology the 論 type? I also wonder why studies\nlike archeology (考古学) or paleontology (古生物学) are the 学 type, since they surely\ninvolve a lot of theories. We have yet to be able to travel back in time to\nconfirm what dinosaurs _really_ looked like, haven't we?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T12:39:02.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25917",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-28T14:33:48.823",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-28T14:33:48.823",
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"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Study names end in 論 - criteria?",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "While in ordinary speech we use 論 as a suffix roughly means \"theory on ~;\nargument for ~\", in most of academic fields those ideas are conveyed by 理論\ne.g. ひも理論 \"string theory\", 最適性理論 \"optimality theory\" or プロスペクト理論 \"prospect\ntheory\" etc. (except for mathematics, where they seem to use 論 to translate\nthe term \"theory\").\n\nIn academia, the suffix **学** is used to indicate a (virtually) self-contained\n_discipline_ that has a common target, methodology, goal, etc. On the other\nhand, **論** is usually a subcategory or application of a certain-学 framework\nto a specific concern. _Phonology_ (音韻 **論** ), _syntax_ (統語 **論** ) and\n_semantics_ (意味 **論** ) are all branches of _linguistics_ (言語 **学** ); they\nshare the same interest and only differ in where to research. Phonology also\nhas its own subcategory such as _accentology_ (アクセント **論** ) or _tonology_ (声調\n**論** ). An example which is a bit confusing is _phonetics_ , [usually\nconsidered as a branch of\nlinguistics](https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/q/180/6743), which is\ncalled 音声 **学** in Japan. I believe this is mostly for historical reasons, but\nI've also seen a phonetician say in his book that phonetics should be its own\ndiscipline, independent from linguistics.\n\n**PS** \nCompounded (hyphenated) names based on 学 retain 学 as is: _sociolinguistics_ →\n社会言語 **学** , _cultural anthropology_ → 文化人類 **学**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:47:10.980",
"id": "25924",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 25917 | 25924 | 25924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I say \"I watched 13 episodes so far\" in Japanese? What is the counter\nfor episodes?\n\nI also would like to know the right word for episode. Is it 挿話? That's what I\nfound on jisho.org but since there are no example sentences I have no way of\nknowing whether this is really the right word.\n\nIf possible please could you add the word for season? (see my comment to the\nanswer)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:00:44.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25919",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-29T08:52:09.017",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-29T08:52:09.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "10344",
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"counters"
],
"title": "What's the counter for episodes?",
"view_count": 9718
} | [
{
"body": "For your purpose, the most often-used word would be 「話{わ}」 followed probably\nby 「回{かい}」, but **_not_** 「挿話{そうわ}」.\n\n「挿話」 is more like an \"anecdote\" or a little \"side-story\".\n\nOrdinally, we say 「第{だい}(number)話{わ}」 or 「第{だい}(number)回{かい}」 .\n\nCardinally, we say 「(number)話」,「(number)話分{わぶん}」,「(number)回分{かいぶん}」, etc.\n\n> \"I watched 13 episodes so far.\" =\n\n「第13話まで観{み}た。」(You watched episodes #1 thru #13.)\n\n「13話分(を)観た。」(You watched a combined total of 13 random episodes.)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:49:40.230",
"id": "25925",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-25T14:49:40.230",
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"parent_id": "25919",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 25919 | 25925 | 25925 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25933",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is something that has been bothering me for a while now: How to know how\nthe letter changes inside words like for example 一杯、二杯？\n\nMore concretely, I really need to know how to correctly count strides. I've\nheard people say it but I can't make sense of it so I keep forgetting and end\nup being too embarrassed to make sentences that involve counting strides (of a\ncantering horse).\n\nI know one is 一歩{いっぽ} and perhaps 二歩{にほ} but after that I have no clue\nwhatsoever whether it changes to b, p or stays h.\n\n> Please could someone teach me the correct way to count strides from 1 to 10?\n\nAnd, well, it would really help me if you could explain the system to me so\nthat I can reuse it for cups of coffee and whatever else I may be counting in\nthe future and don't have to ask it again here. > . <",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:08:11.257",
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"tags": [
"words",
"counters"
],
"title": "Letter change in counting strides",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "> **Q. Please could someone teach me the correct way to count strides from 1\n> to 10?**\n\n**A.** As for counting strides/steps here is the list:\n\n 1. 一歩{いっぽ} - changes to p\n 2. 二歩{にほ}\n 3. 三歩{さんぽ} ** - changes to p\n 4. 四歩{よんほ}\n 5. 五歩{ごほ}\n 6. 六歩{ろっぽ} - changes to p\n 7. 七歩{ななほ}\n 8. 八歩{はっぽ} - changes to p\n 9. 九歩{きゅうほ}\n 10. 十歩{じゅっぽ} - changes to p\n\n**not to be mixed up with 散歩{さんぽ} meaning \"(a) walk\"\n\nHere are the counters for cups (of things, like coffee):\n\n 1. 一杯{いっぱい} - changes to p\n 2. 二杯{にはい}\n 3. 三杯{さんばい} - changes to **b**\n 4. 四杯{よんはい}\n 5. 五杯{ごはい}\n 6. 六杯{ろっぱい} - changes to p\n 7. 七杯{ななはい}\n 8. 八杯{はっぱい} - changes to p\n 9. 九杯{きゅうはい}\n 10. 十杯{じゅっぱい} - changes to p",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T18:49:42.463",
"id": "25933",
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}
]
| 25920 | 25933 | 25933 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25996",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "おはよう！\n\nI came up with the stem of the ます-form while trying to read a book. I already\nchecked the questions [Connecting phrases with the stem of masu-\nform](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6412/connecting-phrases-\nwith-the-stem-of-masu-form) and [なく vs. なくて and stem form vs. てform as\nconjunctions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2934/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F-vs-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6-and-\nstem-form-vs-%E3%81%A6form-as-conjunctions). So, from those I learned that it\nis like て-form except that it doesn't imply temporal order.\n\nNow, as far as I know (which is not much yet...), the 〜たり、〜たりする form does the\nsame thing, which is similar to using や to list nouns and imply that there may\nbe others, and does not imply temporal order.\n\n```\n\n Example:\n (1) 今朝{けさ}起{お}きて、シャワーを浴{あ}びて、朝{あさ}ご飯{はん}を食{た}べました。\n (2) 今朝{けさ}起{お}きたり、シャワーを浴{あ}びたり、朝{あさ}ご飯{はん}を食{た}べたりしました。\n (3) 今朝{けさ}起{お}き、シャワーを浴{あ}び、朝{あさ}ご飯{はん}を食{た}べました。\n \n```\n\nCould someone please explain the difference between the 〜たり and the stem of\nthe ます-form when used as conjuction?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:11:24.657",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Stem of ます-form as conjuction",
"view_count": 623
} | [
{
"body": "たり is used to mean 'do things such as ...' e.g.\n\n> ケーキをたべたり、ビールを飲んだりします。\n>\n> I do things like eat cake and drink beer.\n\nIt is a non-exhaustive list of things that the person does.\n\nOn the other hand the pre-masu/combining form of the verb is just a more\nformal version of the て form and is used more often in writing than in speech.\nIt can usually be translated to mean 'and' when joining two clauses.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-28T18:23:35.543",
"id": "25996",
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| 25921 | 25996 | 25996 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Someone I know PM'd me this and I honestly don't know what it means.\n\n> こんなばかな私をどうして愛してくれるの？\n\nCorrect me if I'm wrong but I think this is roughly:\n\n> Konna baka na watashi o doushite ai shite kureru no?\n\nAnd for the individual words I've got\n\n * Konna - this is \n * Baka - stupid \n * Watashi o - I \n * Ai - Love \n\nBut from that, I don't know how it transforms into an actual sentence or at\nleast its meaning. Thanks a bunch.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T14:27:31.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25923",
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"owner_user_id": "10729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Translating 「こんなばかな私をどうして愛してくれるの？」",
"view_count": 270
} | [
{
"body": "> **Q. Can someone translate and explain this to me? \n> 「こんなばかな私をどうして愛してくれるの？」**\n\n**A.** First I'll break it down and then give what _may_ be an explanation for\nthe sentence.\n\n * こんな - this kind of\n * ばかな - idiot, stupid \n * **こんなばかな** - this kind of stupid\n * 私 - me \n * **こんなばかな私** - this kind of stupid person (literally \"me\")\n * を - particle that marks the object of the sentence\n * どうして - why\n * 愛して - gerund form of 愛する (to love)\n * くれる - to give; to let one have; to do for one; to be given \n * **愛してくれる** - (give) love (to) me, i.e., love me\n * の - particle の used at the end of a sentence when one is seeking for an explanation for something\n\nThus, the sentence holds the following meaning:\n\n**こんなばかな私をどうして愛してくれるの？ \nWhy do you love this kind of stupid person?** (referring to themself) \nor more loosely translated: **How can you love a person as stupid as me?**\n\nThe author of the sentence may be seeking confirmation of the recipient's\nlove, but that's just a conjecture. The author could be seeking a range of\ndifferent reactions with this. Only the author (and possibly the recipient,\nand those familiar with the situation) would know this based on the context\nand their relationship.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-27T04:24:53.523",
"id": "25964",
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| 25923 | null | 25964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the reply I got after saying that I was interested in buying new\nshoes.\n\n> 靴買うならTシャツやいま使うもの買っては？！\n\nI think I got the overall meaning however I’m a bit confused with “買っては”. I\ndon’t really get the “っては” part. Could you explain? Thanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-25T17:44:05.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25928",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-25T23:31:22.017",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "in 買っては, I need some explanation for っては part",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "The ては is short for 「～てはどう(ですか)？」, \"How about doing ~~?\", \"Why don't you ~~?\n\n> ～を買っ **ては** ？ = ～を買っ **ては** どう(ですか)？ \n> ≒ ～を買っ **たら** ？ = ～を買っ **たら** どう(ですか)？\n\nThe ては in ～～てはどうですか **literally means \"If~~\"** (≒～たら). \n(ては = the conjunctive particle て + the binding particle は). \nSo ～てはどうですか literally means \"How is it, if you do~~?\" --> \"How about doing~~?\" \nIt's definition #6 on\n[goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/152199/m0u/).\n\n> 靴(を)買うならTシャツやいま使うもの(を)買っては？！\n\n\"If you're going to buy shoes, how about buying / why don't you buy a t-shirt\n/ t-shirts or an item / items that you'll use now **instead** (rather than\nshoes)?\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T22:30:51.320",
"id": "25934",
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"score": 2
}
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| 25928 | 25934 | 25934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25937",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit confused with 「V酵素は、・・・高純度のものを持っています」 part in the following passage.\nSince the subject is V酵素, shouldn't it be 「酵素は、年を経て強力になったヴァンパイアほど高純度のもの\n**になる** 。」, or maybe I'm mistaken something?\n\nFast translation: The more vampire become stronger with the flow of time, the\nmore clearer V-ferment becomes.\n\nV酵素は、年を経て強力になったヴァンパイアほど高純度のものを持っています。彼女のそれは想定しうる最高質のものです。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-25T18:19:20.900",
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"owner_user_id": "3183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Correct verb for the subject",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "Excellent question!\n\n>\n> Original:「[V酵素]{ブイこうそ}は、年{とし}を経{へ}て強力{きょうりょく}になったヴァンパイアほど高純度{こうじゅんど}のものを持{も}っています。」\n\nSubject:「（年を経て強力になった）ヴァンパイア」\n\nVerb:「持っています」\n\n「V酵素」 is the topic, but **_not_** the subject of this sentence. ← You thought\nit was the subject, right?\n\n> Yours:「V酵素は、年を経て強力になったヴァンパイアほど高純度のもの **になる** 。」\n\nThis sentence is actually **_close_** to being correct, using 「V酵素」 as the\nsubject. You must change the **middle part** to make it correct.\n\nUse 「ヴァンパイアが年を経て強力になるほど」 and it would be a perfect sentence. It just will be a\ngrammatically different sentence from the original but a 100% correct sentence\non its own.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-26T01:20:20.707",
"id": "25937",
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| 25930 | 25937 | 25937 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 受話器から変な音がして止まらない。\n>\n> Strange noises keep coming from the receiver and won't stop.\n\n\"Won't\" in this case is closer to \"desire, choice,willingness, consent, or in\nnegative constructions refusal\" and isn't really future tense. Is Japanese\nsimilar in this case?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-25T18:36:29.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25931",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is the verb in 受話器から変な音がして止まらない future tense?",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "The てform of して here is acting as a way to join the two clauses.\n\n> 変な音がする and 止まらない\n\nThe 止まらない is nothing special. Just the negative tense of 止まる so we can\ninterpret it as **don't/won't stop**. There is no element of \"desire, choice,\nwillingness, consent.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-29T06:10:39.587",
"id": "26006",
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{
"body": "”The door is stuck on something and won't budge.”\n\n> Strange noises keep coming from the receiver and won't stop.\n\nThe verb [will] here (i think) is not future...\n\nIt's mostly\n\n> <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/will> -- To wish, desire\n```\n\n It's odd that this page says \"rare\" usage.\n \n```\n\n> 受話器から変な音がして止まろうとしない。\n\nA bit of anthropomorphism . . . to me, it sounds Murakami Haruki -ish.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-03T00:13:38.793",
"id": "38920",
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| 25931 | null | 26006 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25936",
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"body": "Context: She was waiting in the snow for someone and after she met him and\nafter they had gone inside and she had touched his face with her hands he said\n\"バカ、こんなに冷たくなるまで俺のこと待っていたなんて. She then whispers \"冷たいのは違う”(as indicated by the\nぽそ sound effect) before she responds. The reader knows that she is a 雪女(whilst\nhe doesn't) so it would make sense for her to be 冷たい, but my problem is with\ngrasping what she meant by that. I think this might be her saying that,\nthat(referring to her standing out in the snow all this time) is not why she\nis 冷たい although I am not quite sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-25T22:46:29.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 冷たいのは違う",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "I think that you are reading between the lines \"correctly\". Unless the larger\ncontext proves otherwise, what you stated would be the most natural and\nlogical way of understanding the phrase 「冷{つめ}たいのは違{ちが}う」.\n\nIt would mean something like \"Me being cold has nothing to do with it.\" with\n\"it\" referring to the fact that she had waited (outside?) so long on a cold\nday.\n\nSince this line is not one she, as a snow fairy, wanted to say assertively and\nclearly, she said it 「ぼそっと」= \"murmured it\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-26T00:42:32.540",
"id": "25936",
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{
"body": "I think that maybe because she's a 雪女 she doesn't think that's actually cold,\nso the translation for that sentence could be \"it's not that cold!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-27T01:27:03.003",
"id": "25959",
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{
"body": "「冷たいのは違う」simply means that you're wrong to say that I become cold, or\nsomething close to that. I guess she wants to emphasis on the things that\nshe've been waiting for him for long, but couldn't say obviously. That's why\nthe expression,「ぽそ」comes later. She could,ve simply said that '冷たくない', which\nalso means that I don't feel cold. But, it seems a little direct and\nstraightforward to say, so in this case 「冷たいのは違う」might sound better.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-05T08:12:11.540",
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| 25935 | 25936 | 25936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I just read this lesson on imabi and i'm confused.\n\n\"To make a polite negative phrase, you have two options. You can simply add です\nto ～ない. When you do this, you aren't actually saying \"is\" again. In this case,\nです's meaning is just showing politeness. Or, you can use ～｛では・じゃ｝ありません. If you\nremember from Lesson 8 that だ comes from である and that it will be important to\nknow this later on, the time is now. Polite conjugations using it are \"more\npolite\" than just using です. So, they are best used with people whom you should\nshow more respect.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-26T01:52:16.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25938",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-26T03:03:09.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "This is pretty long, do you say this fully or is it one or the other? Also what does it mean? では・じゃ｝ありません",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "It means you can either use `ではありません` or `じゃありません` to express a negative\npolite phrase.\n\nSo, `私は医者ではありません` and `私は医者じゃありません` are both fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-26T02:21:42.630",
"id": "25940",
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"body": "You can make a polite negative version of a noun or na-adj by either adding\n「です」 to 「ない」 (making 「ないです」) or saying 「ではありません / じゃありません」.\n\nExamples: \n「静かではありません。」 \n「静かじゃありません。」 \n「静かじゃないです。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-26T03:03:09.777",
"id": "25943",
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| 25938 | null | 25940 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25954",
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"body": "> 同人について暑苦しく語り過ぎたんでしょう？それで相手をドン引きさせてしまって\n\nHow does 暑苦しく work here? The first thought I had was that it meant passionate,\nbut 熱 is the one associated with passionate, not 暑.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-26T02:08:27.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25939",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-27T05:24:18.147",
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"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does it mean to 暑苦しく語る?",
"view_count": 383
} | [
{
"body": "暑苦しい means the temperature is too high and offensive, in this case, how he\ntalks is pushy.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-26T03:22:51.607",
"id": "25944",
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},
{
"body": "[暑]{あつ}[苦]{くる}しい means \"hot, damp and suffocating / uncomfortable.\"\n\nIf someone says 「暑苦しい」 in a muggy summer afternoon, s/he describes the\nphysical feeling in the weather.\n\n暑苦しい is also used to describe mental feelings in some situations, like the\ncase of the sentences in your question.\n\nThe nuance of [暑]{あつ}[苦]{くる}しく[語]{かた}る is that the speaker talks very\npassionately, and her/his eager attitude changes the atmosphere in which the\nlistener feels very uncomfortable because it's too intense for the listener.\n\nIn Japanese language, [暑]{あつ}い is used to express a warm/hot **air**\ntemperature, while [熱]{あつ}い is used to express all other kinds of warm/hot\ntemperatures.\n\nSo, in the physical-feeling case above, someone says 「暑苦しい」 using 暑, because\nthe high air temperature and the high humidity are making the person feel\nuncomfortable.\n\nAnd in the mental-feeling case in which the speaker did 「暑苦しく語り過ぎた」, the\nlistener felt that the speaker's emitted extreme passion had been traveling\nthrough the air (toward the listener) changing the atmosphere there, then the\nlistener felt 「暑苦しい」 about the atmosphere and the source of 「暑苦しさ」 which is\nthe speaker's passion, or attitude, or both.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-26T12:35:03.860",
"id": "25954",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-27T05:24:18.147",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-27T05:24:18.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "10484",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "25939",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 25939 | 25954 | 25954 |
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