patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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County, Florida.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1996. Soil Survey: Dade
County, Florida.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS]. 1998a. Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) in the
multi-species recovery plan for the threatened and endangered species of South
Florida. Technical/agency draft. Vero Beach, Florida.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS]. 1998b. Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium)
in the multi-species recovery plan for the threatened and endangered species of South
Florida. Technical/agency draft. Vero Beach, Florida.
Wade, E., J. Ewel, and R. Hofstetter. 1980. Fire in South Florida ecosystems. U.S. Forest
Service technical report SE-1. Asheville, North Carolina. Southeastern Forest
Research Station.
Ward, D.B. 1979. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, Volume V: plants. University
Presses of Florida; Orlando, Florida.
Weaver, W.G. 1991992. Red rat snake, lower Keys population. Pages 187-190 in P.E.
Moler ed. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume III. Amphibians and
reptiles. University presses of Florida; Gainesville, Florida.
Woodmansee, S. 1998. Personal communication. April 16, 1998.
Page 3-190
Page 3-191
Restoration Objective: Maintain the structure, function, and ecological processes of pine rocklands,
and prevent any further loss, fragmentation, or degradation of this community in South Florida.
Restoration Criteria
Given that pine rocklands occur as ecotonal communities or as islands in a larger matrix of another natural
community type, restoration of this community type implies protection and restoration of surrounding and
adjacent communities.
Pine rocklands may be considered restored when: (1) a reserve design is developed that identifies intact
pine rockland habitat essential for maintaining biodiversity and self-sustaining populations of imperilled
species; (2) the reserve design is effected to protect this community through land acquisition or cooperative
agreements with landowners; (3) the effects of disturbance in degraded pine rocklands are reversed by active
management; (4) any further loss, fragmentation, and degradation of this community has been prevented; (5)
ecological linkages to adjacent communities are restored and preserved; (6) management is implemented to
benefit the large number of species that depend upon pine rocklands as habitat; (7) invasive exotic species
are reduced to non-threatening levels; and (8) landscape-level habitat diversity is restored.
Restoration of
Pine Rocklands
Community-level Restoration Actions
1. Prevent further destruction or degradation of existing pine rocklands.
1.1. Acquire pine rocklands threatened with development. Complete acquisitions in
Miami-Dade County under the Environmentally Endangered Lands Program.
Encourage CARL, Save our Rivers, Preservation 2000, the Monroe County Land
Authority and the Federal government to complete acquisition projects in the lower
Florida Keys. Pine rocklands owned by the Federal government should be
designated conservation areas.
1.2. Promote conservation easements and landowner agreements. Support the
Miami-Dade County Environmentally Endangered Lands Covenant Program and
assistance for private landowners of pine rocklands under DERMs Forest Resources
Program. Encourage the development of similar programs in the Monroe County.
1.3. Enforce regulatory protection of pine rocklands. Encourage Miami-Dade and
Monroe counties to improve regulations protecting pine rocklands, creating
language which enables agencies to initiate upland mitigation banks.
Page 3-192
PINE ROCKLANDS Multi-Species Recovery Plan for South Florida
1.4. Prevent degradation of existing preserves containing pine rocklands. Work with
Federal, State, county, and municipal agencies and non-governmental organizations
to prevent further degradation of existing preserves from exotic plant and animal
species (including feral and domesticated pets), fire exclusion, anthropogenic fires,
unauthorized site uses, illegal dumping, improper siting of facilities (including
interpretive trails), poaching of animals, collecting of plants, hydrologic
modifications including drainage, flooding and salt-water intrusion, and damage
from pesticides and other contaminants.
2. Restore existing degraded pine rocklands through active management.
2.1. Restore connections between and among pine rocklands and surrounding
natural communities. Roads and fire breaks that separate pine rocklands from
tropical hardwood hammocks and other connecting natural communities should be
removed. Roads which dissect and fragment pine rocklands should be removed and
restored, except as they are needed as fire breaks.
2.2. Restore natural fire regimes. Pine rocklands that have been degraded due to fire
exclusion can be restored with prescribed fires. Each protected pine rockland site
should have a fire management plan prepared specifically for it. Management plans
should specifically include allowing natural, lightning-ignited fires to burn through
pine rockland preserves whenever possible. In addition, plans should specify how
and when prescribed fires should be ignited if natural fires are inadequate to meet
management objectives. Prescribed burning should occur during the proper season.
Fires should be allowed to burn freely into tropical hardwood hammock edges when
conducted during the proper fire season and with adequate moisture to protect the
hammock interior. Control unauthorized anthropogenic fires.
2.3. Where possible, restore the water table to its historic levels. Rehydrate pine
rocklands affected by drainage on the Miami Rock Ridge.
2.4. Control exotic plants and animals. Develop control programs that eliminate, to the
extent possible, exotic plants and animals from pine rocklands, including outlying
populations. Ensure that control measures are not deleterious to native species.
2.5. Restore areas impacted by anthropogenic fires, unauthorized site uses, illegal
dumping, and the improper siting of facilities. Pine rocklands that have been
impacted by misuse should be restored. Facilities such as interpretive trails that
endanger populations of rare plants or animals should be closed, removed, and
restored.
2.6. Protect pine rocklands from point and non-point source pollution including
mosquito control spraying, and drift from agricultural and commercial operations.
Allow species which have been impacted from contaminants to recover naturally or
with assistance.
2.7. Reintroduce species which have been extirpated within their historic ranges.
Develop plans to reintroduce plant and animal species which have been extirpated
from South Florida where appropriate and only within historic ranges. Augment
populations and establish new populations of rare species which have been impacted
by habitat loss, poaching, collecting pressure, etc., to ensure the long-term
persistence of the species in South Florida.
Page 3-193
PINE ROCKLANDS Multi-Species Recovery Plan for South Florida
3. Maintain pine rocklands in a natural condition in perpetuity.

County, Florida.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1996. Soil Survey: Dade

County, Florida.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS]. 1998a. Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) in the

multi-species recovery plan for the threatened and endangered species of South

Florida. Technical/agency draft. Vero Beach, Florida.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS]. 1998b. Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium)

in the multi-species recovery plan for the threatened and endangered species of South

Florida. Technical/agency draft. Vero Beach, Florida.

Wade, E., J. Ewel, and R. Hofstetter. 1980. Fire in South Florida ecosystems. U.S. Forest

Service technical report SE-1. Asheville, North Carolina. Southeastern Forest

Research Station.

Ward, D.B. 1979. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, Volume V: plants. University

Presses of Florida; Orlando, Florida.

Weaver, W.G. 1991992. Red rat snake, lower Keys population. Pages 187-190 in P.E.

Moler ed. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume III. Amphibians and

reptiles. University presses of Florida; Gainesville, Florida.

Woodmansee, S. 1998. Personal communication. April 16, 1998.

Page 3-190

Page 3-191

Restoration Objective: Maintain the structure, function, and ecological processes of pine rocklands,

and prevent any further loss, fragmentation, or degradation of this community in South Florida.

Restoration Criteria

Given that pine rocklands occur as ecotonal communities or as islands in a larger matrix of another natural

community type, restoration of this community type implies protection and restoration of surrounding and

adjacent communities.

Pine rocklands may be considered restored when: (1) a reserve design is developed that identifies intact

pine rockland habitat essential for maintaining biodiversity and self-sustaining populations of imperilled

species; (2) the reserve design is effected to protect this community through land acquisition or cooperative

agreements with landowners; (3) the effects of disturbance in degraded pine rocklands are reversed by active

management; (4) any further loss, fragmentation, and degradation of this community has been prevented; (5)

ecological linkages to adjacent communities are restored and preserved; (6) management is implemented to

benefit the large number of species that depend upon pine rocklands as habitat; (7) invasive exotic species

are reduced to non-threatening levels; and (8) landscape-level habitat diversity is restored.

Restoration of

Pine Rocklands

Community-level Restoration Actions

1. Prevent further destruction or degradation of existing pine rocklands.

1.1. Acquire pine rocklands threatened with development. Complete acquisitions in

Miami-Dade County under the Environmentally Endangered Lands Program.

Encourage CARL, Save our Rivers, Preservation 2000, the Monroe County Land

Authority and the Federal government to complete acquisition projects in the lower

Florida Keys. Pine rocklands owned by the Federal government should be

designated conservation areas.

1.2. Promote conservation easements and landowner agreements. Support the

Miami-Dade County Environmentally Endangered Lands Covenant Program and

assistance for private landowners of pine rocklands under DERMs Forest Resources

Program. Encourage the development of similar programs in the Monroe County.

1.3. Enforce regulatory protection of pine rocklands. Encourage Miami-Dade and

Monroe counties to improve regulations protecting pine rocklands, creating

language which enables agencies to initiate upland mitigation banks.

Page 3-192

PINE ROCKLANDS Multi-Species Recovery Plan for South Florida

1.4. Prevent degradation of existing preserves containing pine rocklands. Work with

Federal, State, county, and municipal agencies and non-governmental organizations

to prevent further degradation of existing preserves from exotic plant and animal

species (including feral and domesticated pets), fire exclusion, anthropogenic fires,

unauthorized site uses, illegal dumping, improper siting of facilities (including

interpretive trails), poaching of animals, collecting of plants, hydrologic

modifications including drainage, flooding and salt-water intrusion, and damage

from pesticides and other contaminants.

2. Restore existing degraded pine rocklands through active management.

2.1. Restore connections between and among pine rocklands and surrounding

natural communities. Roads and fire breaks that separate pine rocklands from

tropical hardwood hammocks and other connecting natural communities should be

removed. Roads which dissect and fragment pine rocklands should be removed and

restored, except as they are needed as fire breaks.

2.2. Restore natural fire regimes. Pine rocklands that have been degraded due to fire

exclusion can be restored with prescribed fires. Each protected pine rockland site

should have a fire management plan prepared specifically for it. Management plans

should specifically include allowing natural, lightning-ignited fires to burn through

pine rockland preserves whenever possible. In addition, plans should specify how

and when prescribed fires should be ignited if natural fires are inadequate to meet

management objectives. Prescribed burning should occur during the proper season.

Fires should be allowed to burn freely into tropical hardwood hammock edges when

conducted during the proper fire season and with adequate moisture to protect the

hammock interior. Control unauthorized anthropogenic fires.

2.3. Where possible, restore the water table to its historic levels. Rehydrate pine

rocklands affected by drainage on the Miami Rock Ridge.

2.4. Control exotic plants and animals. Develop control programs that eliminate, to the

extent possible, exotic plants and animals from pine rocklands, including outlying

populations. Ensure that control measures are not deleterious to native species.

2.5. Restore areas impacted by anthropogenic fires, unauthorized site uses, illegal

dumping, and the improper siting of facilities. Pine rocklands that have been

impacted by misuse should be restored. Facilities such as interpretive trails that

endanger populations of rare plants or animals should be closed, removed, and

restored.

2.6. Protect pine rocklands from point and non-point source pollution including

mosquito control spraying, and drift from agricultural and commercial operations.

Allow species which have been impacted from contaminants to recover naturally or

with assistance.

2.7. Reintroduce species which have been extirpated within their historic ranges.

Develop plans to reintroduce plant and animal species which have been extirpated

from South Florida where appropriate and only within historic ranges. Augment

populations and establish new populations of rare species which have been impacted

by habitat loss, poaching, collecting pressure, etc., to ensure the long-term

persistence of the species in South Florida.

Page 3-193

PINE ROCKLANDS Multi-Species Recovery Plan for South Florida

3. Maintain pine rocklands in a natural condition in perpetuity.