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3.2.2 Hydrology..................................................................................................................................................14
3.2.3 Sea Level Rise ...........................................................................................................................................14
3.3 CLIMATE............................................................................................................................................................14
3.4 VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION ...................................................................................................14
3.4.1 Canopy ......................................................................................................................................................15
3.4.2 Subcanopy .................................................................................................................................................15
3.4.3 Herb Layer ................................................................................................................................................16
3.4.4 Edges.........................................................................................................................................................16
3.5 ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER HABITAT TYPES .....................................................................................................16
3.6 SUCCESSIONAL PROCESSES UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS...............................................................................16
3.6.1 Fire............................................................................................................................................................16
3.6.2 Tropical Cyclones .....................................................................................................................................17
3.6.3 Human Controlled Processes....................................................................................................................17
3.7 RARE ORGANISMS .............................................................................................................................................18
3.7.1 Plants ........................................................................................................................................................18
3.7.2 Animals .....................................................................................................................................................21
3.8 FRAGMENTATION, OWNERSHIP, AND PRESERVATION STATUS OF REMAINING FRAGMENTS ..............................23
3.8.1 Fragmentation...........................................................................................................................................23
3.8.2 EEL Program ............................................................................................................................................23
3.8.3 Parks & Recreation Department...............................................................................................................23
3.8.4 Other Public Lands ...................................................................................................................................23
3.8.5 Private Preserves ......................................................................................................................................24
EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3.8.6 Natural Forest Community System............................................................................................................24
3.8.7 Other .........................................................................................................................................................24
3.9 FUTURE PRESERVATION ESTIMATES..................................................................................................................25
3.10 EXOTIC ORGANISMS ........................................................................................................................................25
3.10.1 Plants ......................................................................................................................................................25
3.10.2 Animals ...................................................................................................................................................25
3.11 OTHER PROBLEM SPECIES ...............................................................................................................................27
3.12 POLLUTANTS....................................................................................................................................................28
3.13 CULTURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................................28
4.0 MANAGEMENT ISSUES ..................................................................................................................................29
4.1 ACQUISITION NEEDS FOR REMAINING PINE ROCKLAND FRAGMENTS................................................................29
4.2 MITIGATION/MANAGEMENT FOR FRAGMENTATION EFFECTS............................................................................30
4.2.1 Acquisition and Restoration of Vacant Land between Parcels .................................................................30
4.2.2 Zoning Around and Between Parcels........................................................................................................30
4.3 TARGETS FOR VEGETATION STRUCTURE ...........................................................................................................31
4.3.1 Canopy Density .........................................................................................................................................31
4.3.2 Understory Density ...................................................................................................................................32
4.3.3 Herb Layer ................................................................................................................................................32
4.3.4 Edges.........................................................................................................................................................33
4.4 RARE ORGANISMS .............................................................................................................................................33
4.4.1 Plants ........................................................................................................................................................33
4.4.2 Animals .....................................................................................................................................................34
4.5 EXOTIC ORGANISMS ..........................................................................................................................................35
4.5.1 Plants ........................................................................................................................................................35
4.5.2 Animals .....................................................................................................................................................36
4.6 FIRE MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................................................................37
4.6.1 Hardwood Control ....................................................................................................................................37
4.6.2 Fire Breaks................................................................................................................................................37
4.6.3 Prescribed Burning ...................................................................................................................................38
4.6.4 Alternatives to Prescribed Burning...........................................................................................................39
4.7 MANAGEMENT AFTER TROPICAL CYCLONES .....................................................................................................39
4.8 HYDROLOGICAL RESTORATION .........................................................................................................................40
4.9 SOIL MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................................................................40
4.10 CULTURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................................41
4.11 POLLUTION CONTROL......................................................................................................................................41
4.12 LANDSCAPING CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................................................................41
4.13 OFF-SITE EXOTIC PLANT AND ANIMAL SOURCES ............................................................................................42
4.14 RESTORATION OF PINE ROCKLAND ON DEGRADED SOILS ...............................................................................42
4.15 SECURITY ........................................................................................................................................................43
4.16 PARTNERSHIPS.................................................................................................................................................43
5.0 PUBLIC USE OF THE PINE ROCKLAND EEL PROPERTIES..................................................................44
6.0 MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION NEEDS ....................................................................45
7.0 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................................................................46
APPENDIX A: SCIENTIFIC NAMES TABLE
APPENDIX B: HISTORICAL PICTURES OF PINE ROCKLANDS
APPENDIX C: LIST OF FLORIDA INVASIVE PLANTS
EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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List of Tables
Table 1: Seedling pine plantings on Miami-Dade County preserves
Table 2: Rare plant species which occur in Miami-Dade County EEL preserves
Table 3: Rare animal species that utilize pine rockland in Miami-Dade County
Table 4: Exotic animals commonly present in pine rocklands in Miami-Dade County
Table 5: Pine rockland fragments suitable for acquisition in Miami-Dade County
List of Figures
Figure 1: Historical pine rockland habitat distribution in Miami-Dade County.
Figure 2: Current versus historical pine rockland habitat distribution in Miami-Dade
County.
List of Acronyms
DERM Department of Environmental Resources Management
EEL Environmentally Endangered Lands
ENP Everglades National Park
FLEPPC Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
FNAI Florida Natural Areas Inventory
FTBG Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
FWCC Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
GIS Geographic Information System
IRC The Institute for Regional Conservation
MDC Miami-Dade County
NAM Natural Areas Management
NFC Natural Forest Community
RIFA Red Imported Fire Any
SSC Species of Special Concern
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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