patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 6.44k
communities result in different effects of tropical cyclones on the pine rockland ecosystem.
Under natural conditions (see Section 2.6.2) hurricanes can cause mortality of some pine trees,
but mortality rates are fairly low in large pine rockland areas like Long Pine Key in ENP (Platt et
al. 2000). Outside of the national park, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 resulted in the mortality of
almost 100% of the pine canopy of most forest fragments. While hurricane winds killed many
trees, the main source of mortality was a widespread outbreak of a variety of beetles and weevils
in the weakened trees after the storm, including Ips species (I. calligraphis, I. avulsus, and I.
grandicollis), Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivoris (DERM 1995). This massive outbreak
did not occur in ENP. It has been hypothesized that the damage to urban fragments was due to
higher stress levels on pine trees due to decreased water levels, pollutants, fragmentation, and
altered fire regime (DERM 1995, Doren 1993).
Logging of pine trees in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in a mainly even-aged stand of pine trees
in most forest fragments. Most pine rockland sites before Hurricane Andrew had mature pines;
few sites had a varied stand age consisting of mature, sapling, and seedling trees. Once Hurricane
Andrew’s winds killed trees and subsequent insect outbreaks killed remaining adults, no young
pines were present in the subcanopy to replace the dead adults.
3.6.3 Human Controlled Processes
In some pine rockland fragments, hardwood removal has been done to either replace fire or
prepare a site for prescribed fire. For example, hardwoods in the pine rockland at Camp Owaissa
Bauer, a preserve managed by the Miami-Dade County Parks Department, were removed by
EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 18
hand to prepare the site for prescribed fire. Timber thinning and mechanical hardwood removal
have not been attempted in Miami-Dade’s pine rocklands.
3.7 Rare Organisms
Despite the very small area of remaining
pine rockland, only a few species have been
documented as lost from the habitat.
However, many species are considered to
be in precarious conditions and could easily
be lost in the near future.
3.7.1 Plants
Pine rocklands are habitat to a large number
of rare organisms, including species that are
considered by one or more agencies and
organizations as Endangered, Threatened,
or Critically Imperiled. These plant species are now rare because of extensive habitat loss due to
development, fire suppression, exotic plant invasions, and poaching. The natural range of some
of these plant species does not extend south as far as ENP, and therefore, they only exist in pine
rockland outside of the protected area of the park. Two examples of these rare endemics are
Goulds wedge sandmat and Mosier's false boneset (Bradley and Gann 1999). Narrowleaf
hoarypea, formerly known only from Miami-Dade’s pine rocklands, is now believed to be
extinct (Gann et al. 2002). Table 2 shows a list of rare plant species, which occur in pine
rocklands of Miami-Dade County, including ENP.
Table 2: Rare plant species which occur in Miami-Dade County EEL preserves
Common Names Scientific Name State Federal FNAI IRC
Tenlobe false foxglove Agalinis obtusifolia SF1
White colic-root, bracted colic-root Aletris bracteata E
Mexican alvaradoa Alvaradoa amorphoides E S1
Crenulate leadplant Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata E E S1 SF1
Pineland-allamanda, Pineland golden
trumpet Angadenia berteroi T
Blodgett's wild mercury, Blodgett's
silverbush Argythamnia blodgettii E C
Largeflower milkweed Asclepias connivens SFH
Dixie aster, Whitetop aster Aster tortifolius SF1
Carter's orchid Basiphyllaea corallicola E S1 SF1
Flor de pasmo Bletia patula SFX
Pinepink Bletia purpurea T
Pineland strongback Bourreria cassinifolia E S1 SF1
Mosier's false boneset Brickellia mosieri E C S1
Locustberry Byrsonima lucida T
Powdery strap airplant Catopsis berteroniana E S1S2
Goulds wedge sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. adhaerens E E S1 SF1
Wedge sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. deltoidea E E S1
Pineland deltoid spurge, Pineland sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. pinetorum E C S1
Endangered pineland poinsettia
Photo by Keith Bradley, IRC
EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 19
Common Names Scientific Name State Federal FNAI IRC
Garber's sandmat Chamaesyce garberi E T S1
Southern Florida sandmat Chamaesyce pergamena T
Porter's sandmat Chamaesyce porteriana E
White sunbonnets Chaptalia albicans T
Satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme T
Dress goldenaster Chrysopsis linearifolia subsp. dressii SFH
Butterfly pea, Atlantic pigeonwings Clitoria mariana SF1
Florida silver palm Coccothrinax argentata T
Coffee colubrina, Greenheart Colubrina arborescens E
Florida snake-bark, Cuban nakedwood Colubrina cubensis var. floridana E S1
Bahama manjack, Bahama geiger Cordia bahamensis SFX
Quailberry, Christmasberry Crossopetalum ilicifolium T
Rhacoma, Maidenberry Crossopetalum rhacoma T
Lobed croton Croton lobatus SF1
American dodder Cuscuta americana SF1
Blodgett's swallowwort Cynanchum blodgettii T
Florida flatsedge Cyperus floridanus E S1 SF1
Florida prairieclover Dalea carthagenensis var. floridana E C S1 SF1
Florida ticktrefoil Desmodium floridanum SF1
Sand tricktrefoil Desmodium lineatum SF1
Pinebarren ticktrefoil Desmodium strictum SF1
Caribbean crabgrass Digitaria filiformis var. dolichophylla T
Everglades crabgrass, Twospike crabgrass Digitaria pauciflora E C S1 SF1
Coker's beach creeper Ernodea cokeri E S1 SF1
Dog fennel, Yankeeweed Eupatorium compositifolium SF1
Small's milkpea Galactia smallii E E S1
Beach verbena, Coastal mock vervain Glandularia maritima E
Bearded skeleton grass Gymnopogon ambiguus SF1
Slim skeleton grass, Shortleaf skeleton

communities result in different effects of tropical cyclones on the pine rockland ecosystem.

Under natural conditions (see Section 2.6.2) hurricanes can cause mortality of some pine trees,

but mortality rates are fairly low in large pine rockland areas like Long Pine Key in ENP (Platt et

al. 2000). Outside of the national park, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 resulted in the mortality of

almost 100% of the pine canopy of most forest fragments. While hurricane winds killed many

trees, the main source of mortality was a widespread outbreak of a variety of beetles and weevils

in the weakened trees after the storm, including Ips species (I. calligraphis, I. avulsus, and I.

grandicollis), Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivoris (DERM 1995). This massive outbreak

did not occur in ENP. It has been hypothesized that the damage to urban fragments was due to

higher stress levels on pine trees due to decreased water levels, pollutants, fragmentation, and

altered fire regime (DERM 1995, Doren 1993).

Logging of pine trees in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in a mainly even-aged stand of pine trees

in most forest fragments. Most pine rockland sites before Hurricane Andrew had mature pines;

few sites had a varied stand age consisting of mature, sapling, and seedling trees. Once Hurricane

Andrew’s winds killed trees and subsequent insect outbreaks killed remaining adults, no young

pines were present in the subcanopy to replace the dead adults.

3.6.3 Human Controlled Processes

In some pine rockland fragments, hardwood removal has been done to either replace fire or

prepare a site for prescribed fire. For example, hardwoods in the pine rockland at Camp Owaissa

Bauer, a preserve managed by the Miami-Dade County Parks Department, were removed by

EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 18

hand to prepare the site for prescribed fire. Timber thinning and mechanical hardwood removal

have not been attempted in Miami-Dade’s pine rocklands.

3.7 Rare Organisms

Despite the very small area of remaining

pine rockland, only a few species have been

documented as lost from the habitat.

However, many species are considered to

be in precarious conditions and could easily

be lost in the near future.

3.7.1 Plants

Pine rocklands are habitat to a large number

of rare organisms, including species that are

considered by one or more agencies and

organizations as Endangered, Threatened,

or Critically Imperiled. These plant species are now rare because of extensive habitat loss due to

development, fire suppression, exotic plant invasions, and poaching. The natural range of some

of these plant species does not extend south as far as ENP, and therefore, they only exist in pine

rockland outside of the protected area of the park. Two examples of these rare endemics are

Goulds wedge sandmat and Mosier's false boneset (Bradley and Gann 1999). Narrowleaf

hoarypea, formerly known only from Miami-Dade’s pine rocklands, is now believed to be

extinct (Gann et al. 2002). Table 2 shows a list of rare plant species, which occur in pine

rocklands of Miami-Dade County, including ENP.

Table 2: Rare plant species which occur in Miami-Dade County EEL preserves

Common Names Scientific Name State Federal FNAI IRC

Tenlobe false foxglove Agalinis obtusifolia SF1

White colic-root, bracted colic-root Aletris bracteata E

Mexican alvaradoa Alvaradoa amorphoides E S1

Crenulate leadplant Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata E E S1 SF1

Pineland-allamanda, Pineland golden

trumpet Angadenia berteroi T

Blodgett's wild mercury, Blodgett's

silverbush Argythamnia blodgettii E C

Largeflower milkweed Asclepias connivens SFH

Dixie aster, Whitetop aster Aster tortifolius SF1

Carter's orchid Basiphyllaea corallicola E S1 SF1

Flor de pasmo Bletia patula SFX

Pinepink Bletia purpurea T

Pineland strongback Bourreria cassinifolia E S1 SF1

Mosier's false boneset Brickellia mosieri E C S1

Locustberry Byrsonima lucida T

Powdery strap airplant Catopsis berteroniana E S1S2

Goulds wedge sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. adhaerens E E S1 SF1

Wedge sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. deltoidea E E S1

Pineland deltoid spurge, Pineland sandmat Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. pinetorum E C S1

Endangered pineland poinsettia

Photo by Keith Bradley, IRC

EEL Program, Management Plan, Part II – Pine Rockland (DRAFT) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 19

Common Names Scientific Name State Federal FNAI IRC

Garber's sandmat Chamaesyce garberi E T S1

Southern Florida sandmat Chamaesyce pergamena T

Porter's sandmat Chamaesyce porteriana E

White sunbonnets Chaptalia albicans T

Satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme T

Dress goldenaster Chrysopsis linearifolia subsp. dressii SFH

Butterfly pea, Atlantic pigeonwings Clitoria mariana SF1

Florida silver palm Coccothrinax argentata T

Coffee colubrina, Greenheart Colubrina arborescens E

Florida snake-bark, Cuban nakedwood Colubrina cubensis var. floridana E S1

Bahama manjack, Bahama geiger Cordia bahamensis SFX

Quailberry, Christmasberry Crossopetalum ilicifolium T

Rhacoma, Maidenberry Crossopetalum rhacoma T

Lobed croton Croton lobatus SF1

American dodder Cuscuta americana SF1

Blodgett's swallowwort Cynanchum blodgettii T

Florida flatsedge Cyperus floridanus E S1 SF1

Florida prairieclover Dalea carthagenensis var. floridana E C S1 SF1

Florida ticktrefoil Desmodium floridanum SF1

Sand tricktrefoil Desmodium lineatum SF1

Pinebarren ticktrefoil Desmodium strictum SF1

Caribbean crabgrass Digitaria filiformis var. dolichophylla T

Everglades crabgrass, Twospike crabgrass Digitaria pauciflora E C S1 SF1

Coker's beach creeper Ernodea cokeri E S1 SF1

Dog fennel, Yankeeweed Eupatorium compositifolium SF1

Small's milkpea Galactia smallii E E S1

Beach verbena, Coastal mock vervain Glandularia maritima E

Bearded skeleton grass Gymnopogon ambiguus SF1

Slim skeleton grass, Shortleaf skeleton