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This is what's going on right now in biotechnology, a true revolution. | [
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We are adding knowledge at unprecedented rates, while things get ever faster and cheaper to do. | [
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This speed means we can expect even more wonderful things for humanity. | [
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But, unfortunately, progress cuts both ways. | [
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What can be used for good can also be used for bad, by accident or on purpose. | [
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For all the good biotech will do for us, in the near future it also could easily kill many millions of people, in the worst case, hundreds of millions. | [
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The world just witnessed how fast the novel coronavirus spread. | [
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We still don't know for sure if it came from nature, or was the result of an accidental leak from a lab working with coronaviruses. | [
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That's still subject to scientific debate. | [
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In the end, at least 7 million people died. | [
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And this was still a relatively mild virus that didn't cause serious disease in most of those infected. | [
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Wherever the last pandemic came from, the next one might very well be our own fault. | [
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In a sense, many things going on in biotechnology could lead to this. | [
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Most of all, how easy it is to work with dangerous viruses. | [
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Thousands of scientists can simply order the genetic data of infectious virus samples online to experiment with them. | [
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Assembling these into an artificial virus in 2023 costs about as much as a new car, including all the lab equipment. | [
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At the same time, other scientists are trying to find viruses that hide in nature, like in wild bats or monkeys. | [
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From the very beginning, it was clear that knowledge in this field and access to the technology needed to be handled with utmost care. | [
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Their genetic data should be treated as an info hazard, information that poses a danger to society if it's shared without care. | [
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If we suddenly see certain microorganisms show up a lot in a short time, we can react quickly and start countermeasures. | [
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We basically need to build a machine that's ready to destroy any pandemic threat before it has a chance to take over. | [
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And of course, we need to get better at getting new vaccines faster than ever before in history. | [
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If we do these three things, the chances are really good that we can avoid a catastrophic pandemic in the future. | [
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Biotechnology, like any exciting and powerful technology, is neither inherently good or bad. | [
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It has the potential to be both in breathtaking ways. | [
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This video was supported by Open Philanthropy. | [
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that every single physical thing would just stop existing and life would be impossible forever? | [
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To explain how our universe could destroy itself, we need to understand two principles. | [
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They tell particles how to behave and interact. | [
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Like everything in the universe, they want to be in the lowest energy level possible, which is called a vacuum state. | [
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This has nothing to do with vacuum in space. | [
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It's just called this way because scientists are bad at naming things. | [
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We think all the fields reached their vacuum state, except maybe one. | [
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It's possible that the Higgs field is not stable, but metastable, which is a fancy way of saying that it pretends to be stable, but really is not. | [
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It would be a false vacuum. | [
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The Higgs field is responsible for giving particles their mass, which rules how almost everything in the universe interacts. | [
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What would happen if the Higgs field is in a false vacuum? | [
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Think of our ball in the valley. | [
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The ball is the Higgs field. | [
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The valley might not be the lowest energy state for the Higgs field. | [
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There might be an even deeper valley that it wants to get to. | [
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This would mean that the Higgs field has a lot of potential energy waiting to be released. | [
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The Higgs field could be like a piece of wood, but drenched in gasoline, waiting to set the universe on fire. | [
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