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Smaller Deimos, on the other hand, is slowly escaping Mars. | [
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Eventually, it will fly off into space and leave a lonely red planet behind. | [
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So, in a few hundred million years, Mars will be moonless and on its own, unless it manages to catch itself another asteroid. | [
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Neutron stars are the densest things that are not black holes. | [
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In their cores, we might find the most dangerous substance in existence. | [
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Or it could teach us about how the universe began. | [
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To understand how extreme strange matter really is, we first need to get a few basics. | [
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What is a neutron star? | [
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And how does strange matter break the rules of the universe? | [
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To get all of this into one video, we'll grossly oversimplify a few things, but we'll provide you with further reading if you want more details. | [
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A neutron star is what remains after a very massive star explodes in a supernova. | [
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All the nothing inside of atoms is suddenly completely filled with particles that really don't want to be close to each other, but have no choice. | [
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This makes neutron stars like giant atomic nuclei the size of a city, but holding the mass of our sun. | [
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The environment in the core of neutron stars is so extreme that the rules of nuclear physics change. | [
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We first need to know the rules before we learn how they can be broken. | [
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Protons and neutrons, the particles making up the nuclei of atoms, are made up of smaller particles called quarks. | [
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They come in many types, but only two appear to make stable matter. | [
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The up and down quarks found in protons and neutrons. | [
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All other quarks seem to decay away quickly. | [
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But this may be different inside neutron stars. | [
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The forces operating in their cores are so extreme that they are actually similar to the universe shortly after the Big Bang. | [
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Neutron star cores are like fossils, which can let us peer back in time to the beginning of everything. | [
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So learning how quarks behave inside a neutron star is a way of understanding the very nature of the universe itself. | [
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One hypothesis is that inside a neutron star core, protons and neutrons de-confine. | [
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All the particles crammed shoulder to shoulder dissolve and melt into a sort of bath of quarks. | [
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Uncountable numbers of particles become one giant thing made purely from quarks. | [
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A star made from this is called a quark star, though from the outside it may not look any different than a regular neutron star. | [
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It might be infectious. | [
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they spew out tremendous amounts of their insides, some of which could include little droplets of strange matter called strangelets. | [
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These strangelets would drift through the galaxy for millions or billions of years until they meet a star or planet by chance. | [
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Selective breeding is basically hoping for lucky hits. | [
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Genetic engineering eliminates this factor. | [
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We can choose the traits we want, make fruit grow bigger, immune to pests and so on. | [
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