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The only way energy can escape is by radiation. | [
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This is so inefficient that white dwarfs will take trillions of years to cool down, which may make them humanity's last refuge. | [
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They might be the last sources of light and energy in a dying universe. | [
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According to some estimates, white dwarfs might shine as long as 100 billion billion years, 10 billion times longer than the universe has existed. | [
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Galaxies will have evaporated. | [
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And only then will the first white dwarf turn into the first black dwarf. | [
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When this happens, the last hope for life will die off. | [
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Black dwarfs will be inactive spheres with no energy left to give. | [
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So cold that they'll be near the coldest possible temperature in the universe. | [
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So dark that they are practically invisible. | [
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The universe will enter its last stage, heat death, which will leave the universe unrecognizable. | [
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We don't know for sure what will happen with black dwarfs in the end. | [
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If the proton, one of the fundamental parts of atoms, has a limited lifespan, black dwarfs will slowly evaporate over many trillions of years. | [
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If the proton does not decay, black dwarfs will probably turn into spheres of pure iron via quantum tunneling over a timespan so obscenely gigantic that calling it forever is okay. | [
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These iron spheres will then travel completely alone through a dark universe. | [
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Nothing new will happen anymore. | [
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While this may sound kind of dark, this is so far away that for our purposes today, it might as well not happen at all. | [
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It doesn't matter what happens in a billion trillion years. | [
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Right now, we happen to exist at an excellent time. | [
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Our music is finally available on Spotify and iTunes. | [
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It's composed by our good friends at Epic Mountain, two guys with a studio who make music for a living. | [
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You can check them out here and follow them on Facebook and Twitter. | [
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And if you like our videos, please consider supporting us on Patreon. | [
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If you need an excuse to delay work a little bit longer, here's a playlist with more space videos. | [
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One day the last star will die and the universe will turn dark forever. | [
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Because the universe is only 13.75 billion years old, not a single red dwarf has reached later development stages. | [
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Every single one of the trillions that exist is still a baby. | [
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Just a tiny bit less hydrogen and they are mere brown dwarfs. | [
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Since our sun will die one day, we'll eventually need to look for a new home. | [
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The Kepler Space Observatory found that at least half of all red dwarfs host rock planets between half and four times the mass of our Earth. | [
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Many of them are in the habitable zone, the area around a star where water can be liquid. | [
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But since red dwarfs burn at relatively cold temperatures, a planet would need to be really close to be hospitable. | [
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This side would be incredibly hot, while the shadow side would be frozen, which makes it hard for life to develop. | [
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Although a planet with a big enough ocean might be able to distribute the star's energy and create some kind of stability. | [
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All the gravitational forces of the red dwarf could squeeze the planet and heat it up so much that it might lose all its water over time. | [
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These planets could end up like Venus, a hot, burning hell. | [
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Having no more source of energy, it will cool extremely slowly over trillions of years until it becomes its final form, a cold black dwarf. | [
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It's kind of uplifting to know that if humanity succeeds in venturing into space, we have plenty of time before the universe turns out the lights. | [
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Our videos are made thanks to your support on Patreon.com. | [
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If you want to help us make more of them, we really appreciate your support. | [
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The universe today is happy and healthy, with exciting things going on. | [
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It turns out there is such a thing, and you probably haven't heard about it. | [
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Let's travel to the end of the universe and look at the last thing. | [
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After a messy birth, our universe was a sleepy baby, warm and dark, filled with swirling clouds of hot hydrogen and helium. | [
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The story of creation is a story of this gas and where it will end up. | [
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Shortly after, the universe got busy making the first generation of stars. | [
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They were massive and lived violent lives, forging new elements, only to release most of them when they blew up. | [
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Countless stars were born and refined the gas available in the universe, cycling matter around, each generation giving most of its gas and fresh elements to the next. | [
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When they die, they don't give their gas back to the universe, but turn it into white dwarfs. | [
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So red dwarfs lock up more gas forever. | [
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More gas is locked forever in other remains of dead stars, neutron stars and black holes, which is bad as it reduces the material available for new stars. | [
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Today, the universe is a great home for us and will remain so for billions of years. | [
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Over 90% of the stars that will ever be born have been born already. | [
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The next few hundred billion years will be fun and a great time for galactic exploration. | [
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