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This would make everybody alive today only 0.008% of all people that will ever live. | [
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Think about where this leaves you. | [
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Instead of putting you at the end of the chaotic mess that was our past, it would mean you live at the very beginning of something big. | [
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Doesn't this feel incredibly different? | [
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And now, consider that this may be an extremely pessimistic estimate. | [
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If we match the survival time of the most successful mammals, then our future numbers rise to 1.2 quadrillion people that have yet to be born. | [
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And even this seems far from our potential. | [
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As the sun slowly gets hotter and brighter, Earth will remain habitable for about 500 million years, giving so many more potential people the chance to become actual people. | [
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And now, let's begin to think big. | [
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Scenario 2, Humans will leave Earth. | [
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We went from humans worshipping the moon to humans walking on it, so who knows how much further we can go. | [
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If we don't die out within the next few hundred years, ideas that seem outlandish right now become serious considerations. | [
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Life needs three things, a surface, resources and energy. | [
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This future doesn't have to be grim and dark as science fiction likes to paint it. | [
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With quadrillions of people waiting to be born, we will have billions of doctors working on curing cancer, billions of problem solvers working on ending poverty, and billions of video game developers making life fun. | [
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More humans may actually mean more progress. | [
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Another upside of leaving Earth and spreading out is that it becomes much harder for us to become extinct as you need a solar system-wide catastrophe to catch everybody. | [
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So aside from nearby supernovae or gamma-ray bursts, humanity would be relatively safe from extinction, maybe for billions of years. | [
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So to account for that, we'll just talk about people from now on, instead of humans. | [
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Okay, now let's think really big. | [
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Scenario 3, people leave the solar system. | [
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As enormous as the solar system is, it is just one star system among billions in the Milky Way. | [
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If future people can colonize, say, 100 billion stars, and live there for 10 billion years, with each generating 100 million births per year, then we can expect something like a hundred octillion lives to be lived in the future. | [
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This is a one with 29 zeros. | [
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We can spend this up as much as we like. | [
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The Andromeda Galaxy will merge with the Milky Way, adding another trillion stars for us to settle. | [
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Red dwarfs stay active for up to a trillion years, and future civilizations might even find energy for their habitats around black holes. | [
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A sufficiently advanced civilization of our descendants might even try to reach other galaxy groups. | [
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While these numbers are mind-blowing, they may underestimate the number of unborn people by many orders of magnitude. | [
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Somebody who might be born in a thousand or even a million years deeply depends on us today for their existence. | [
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This is why it's important to think about the distant future, and why our presence is so crucial, why it matters what we do today. | [
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We don't know when. | [
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We're launching Kurzgesagt in six more languages. | [
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If enough people watch our new channels, we can hopefully run them for many years to come. | [
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This is where we need your help. | [
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It takes us a lot of time, effort and, yes, money to translate our videos properly and run so many channels. | [
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So, to make this sustainable, please help us spread the word. | [
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If you're native in one of these languages, share our videos on social media and tell your friends and family. | [
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And thank you for watching. | [
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97% of all stars will end their existence as white dwarfs. | [
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The fusion of elements releases extreme amounts of energy that pushes outwards and stabilizes the star, keeping it in a delicate balance. | [
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While its former self was about 100 times its diameter, now it's only about as big as Earth, but still with about half of its former mass. | [
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Most of them that exist now were former stars that, well, died, which probably ruined any planets they once had. | [
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Since they are so small, a planet would need to orbit them about 75 times closer than Earth is to the sun to have liquid water. | [
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For one, it would tidally lock the planet, giving it a permanent day and permanent night. | [
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At the edges of these day and night zones, life could be possible. | [
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But white dwarfs have a very stable energy output, so they might actually be safer to live around than many red dwarfs. | [
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But why do they shine so much longer than other star types? | [
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White dwarfs are very, very hot, up to 40 times hotter than our sun, ranking among the hottest objects in the universe. | [
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But they are not incredibly active. | [
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All the heat inside of them is trapped and has nowhere to go. | [
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Only on its outer layer can it escape into space. | [
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