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Maybe they are the descendants of truly lazy parasites that let others do all the work for them. | [
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The current thinking is that viruses probably emerged multiple times from different origins, but we simply don't know for sure yet. | [
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Whatever the truth is, viruses are the most successful beings on this planet. | [
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There's an estimated 10,000 billion billion billion viruses on Earth. | [
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If we put them all next to each other, they would stretch for 100 million light years, 500 Milky Way galaxies wide. | [
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Very recently, viruses became even weirder when scientists found a completely new type. | [
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Not only did it break all sorts of records, but questioned many assumptions we had about their nature. | [
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Gyruses even come with their own parasites, virophages. | [
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And they're even weirder than we thought. | [
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Scientists saw them under their microscopes and just thought they had to be bacteria. | [
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Most gyruses we've found so far hunt amoebae and other single-celled beings. | [
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When they find a victim, they connect with it and use its natural processes to enter the cell. | [
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Like all viruses, their goal is to misappropriate the victim's infrastructure and procreate. | [
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Imagine a mouse crawling into your mouth and using your guts and bones and fat tissue to build a mouse factory. | [
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Its structural elements, protein production machinery, and large amounts of mitochondria for energy are changed to become an actual factory called viroplasm. | [
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Genes that regulate nutrient intake, energy production, light harvesting, replication or are just necessary to keep cells alive. | [
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Let's look at one of them. | [
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The virophage Sputnik is hunting a gyrus called Mammavirus that itself is hunting Amoebae. | [
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What it does have is the ability to hijack the viroplasm factories of Mammaviruses. | [
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When they infect a viroplasm, they just integrate their genetic code into the newly produced gyruses like sleeper agents. | [
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The next time one of these infiltrated gyruses successfully infects a cell, it produces mostly virophages instead of gyruses. | [
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Gyruses are not completely defenseless though. | [
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A few years ago, the world was in awe when scientists discovered CRISPR, a bacteria defense system against viruses. | [
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It turns out some gyruses have a system that might be similar, a sort of gyrus immune system against virophages. | [
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In turn, virophages can also be used as an anti-gyrus defense mechanism by living cells. | [
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Some protists have been found that integrated the genetic code of virophages into their genome and kept it. | [
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