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Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die. | [
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Their gravity isn't strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components. | [
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In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light. | [
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Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband. | [
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Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore. | [
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The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won't be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe. | [
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Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely. | [
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matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation while the universe expands forever. | [
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But how does this work? | [
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Let's talk about entropy. | [
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Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato. | [
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Initially, it has different regions, but over time they will cool down and disintegrate until it's uniform. | [
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And this also applies to the universe. | [
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So while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matter slowly decays and spreads out. | [
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At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark. | [
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The remaining suns will die. | [
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When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles remains until even this decays. | [
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All activity in the universe ceases at this point. | [
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Entropy is at its maximum, and the universe is dead forever. | [
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100,000 years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside. | [
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And in the last moment before the Big Crunch, it would devour the universe, including itself. | [
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The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times, and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction. | [
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At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this dead forever stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again. | [
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By the way, we have a Twitter account. | [
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Time makes sense in small pieces, but when you look at huge stretches of time, it's almost impossible to wrap your head around things. | [
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You probably spent the last 24 hours mostly sleeping and working, and you probably wasted a good chunk of yesterday on the internet. | [
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France started to train eagles to hunt terrorist drones, a Czech nuclear power plant held a bikini contest to pick their new intern, | [
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and people on the internet made a challenge out of eating bleach. | [
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A kid born in the first year of the 21st century is 18 years old now. | [
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The century is still young, even if you're not. | [
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It was largely shaped by the attacks on 9-11, which led to the war in Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq. | [
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Most of us were born in the 20th century, which had the two most devastating wars in human history and the Cold War. | [
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For the first time ever, we could destroy ourselves with nuclear weapons, and we almost did, but we also had a space race and left Earth for the first time. | [
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The internet was also invented, which led to memes, but also to Facebook and Twitter, so all in all, we're not sure if this was a good development. | [
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The average human lives about 79 years, which covers a good chunk of recent history. | [
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The oldest living person on Earth is currently Salino Jaramillo, who was born in 1896, which means that his birth was closer to Napoleon ruling Europe than to the current day. | [
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Farmers became workers and knowledge became easier to distribute. | [
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Around this time, we started the progress that is causing climate change today. | [
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We discovered distant stars and very close bacteria. | [
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The 15th century was very eventful. | [
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Columbus' discovery of America and the fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Middle Ages. | [
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War was all the rage in the Middle Ages, but the number one killer was disease. | [
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The Black Plague killed every third European in just six years. | [
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Around 2,000 years ago, we set the arbitrary year one of our calendar that most of the world follows today. | [
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The Great Pyramids were constructed 4,500 years ago. | [
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So, to a Roman, the pyramids were older than the Romans are to us today. | [
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A lot of history happened before that even. | [
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Around 7,000 years ago, humans began writing things down. | [
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About 12,000 years ago, human organization exploded. | [
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We built our first temple and around the world, mankind began farming, which enabled the rise of larger communities. | [
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Our dominance over planet Earth really begins here. | [
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Homo sapiens sapiens, the modern human, evolved at least 200,000 years ago. | [
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50,000 years ago, the cognitive revolution expanded our minds and innovation. | [
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Back then, we shared Earth with at least five other human species that either died out or were killed by us. | [
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At least 2 million years ago, our ancestors already had control over fire and constructed tools from wood and stone. | [
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And 6 million years ago, the last common ancestors of chimpanzees and humans existed. | [
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This tiny part is the human era. | [
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We have to zoom in a lot to even see your lifetime. | [
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Still, all of human history is not that long. | [
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65 million years ago, the age of the dinosaurs ended in an enormous explosion. | [
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The dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 165 million years. | [
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That's so long that it means a T-Rex that lived 65 million years ago is closer to us today than to a live Stegosaurus. | [
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Dinosaurs in the form of mighty chickens are still around today. | [
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Animal life on this planet started 600 million years ago. | [
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The earliest animals were fish and other small simple sea creatures. | [
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Then came insects, then reptiles, and finally, around 200 million years ago, mammals joined the party. | [
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Life itself began much further back. | [
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There is evidence that it appeared up to 4.1 billion years ago. | [
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For at least 3.5 billion years, life consisted only of single-celled organisms. | [
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4.5 billion years ago, the Sun was born from a gigantic imploding gas cloud. | [
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60 million years later, Earth formed. | [
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In those early years, frequent bombardment by comets and asteroids supplied the Earth with large oceans. | [
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But as far as the whole universe goes, our solar system is pretty new. | [
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13.75 billion years ago, the universe was born. | [
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And about half a billion years later, our own galaxy formed from billions of stars. | [
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