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Today, humans are living longer and healthier lives than ever before.
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But this has an unforeseen consequence.
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We spend an ever-increasing part of our lives being sick and in need of care.
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Most of us will die in a hospital bed, which is depressing enough by itself, but we also have to witness the same happening to our loved ones.
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Except, maybe, we can stop this forever.
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The most effective way to treat a disease is to prevent it.
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It saves many more lives if you stop a million people from smoking than coming up with better chemotherapies.
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In a nutshell, aging is caused by physics and not biology.
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Think of cars.
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Parts wear down from rubbing and grinding.
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Metal rusts, filters get plugged, rubber cracks.
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Our bodies are worn down by trillions of tiny physical processes.
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Our bodies have many mechanisms to repair this damage, but over time they become less effective.
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So our bones and muscles weaken, our skin wrinkles, our immune system gets weaker.
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We lose our memory and our senses diminish.
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There's no such thing as dying of old age.
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We still die because one of our important parts breaks.
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The older we get, the more damaged and fragile we become, until one or multiple diseases take over and kill us.
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Unnoticed by most of us, longevity research has made some unprecedented advances in the last few years.
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For the first time, we're starting to understand the mechanisms behind aging and how to manipulate them.
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Aging is neither mystical nor inevitable, and we might be able to stop or delay it during your lifetime.
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We'll discuss the science behind it and how scientists are trying to stop it in another video.
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But first, if we could, should we end aging?
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Is this a good idea?
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The end of aging or life extension makes many people uncomfortable.
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We're born, are young, become older, and then we die.
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This has been the natural order for literally all of human history.
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And getting old is a good thing, right?
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We celebrate the idea of living long enough to experience old age.
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We even call them the golden years.
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But the reality is that everybody wants to become old, but nobody wants to be old.
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Think of the Greek myth of Tythonus, for example.
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Tythonus was the lover of the goddess Eos, and probably an amazing dude, because she begged Zeus to grant him immortality so they could spend eternity together.
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But she forgot to specifically ask for eternal youth.
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Tythonus was granted eternal life, but he kept aging, unable to die.
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After a few hundred years, he was reduced to the size of a grape, babbling on senselessly forever.
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Thousands of years ago, humans already feared never-ending old age.
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But ending aging does not mean getting weaker and weaker.
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If you become too old, it's too late.
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A 90-year-old who stopped aging would die anyway after a few years.
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Too much damage has been done to his internal machinery.
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There are already too many surfaces for disease to attack.
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Instead, the concept of life extension promises to end diseases, and with them, the end of a fixed maximum age.
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We don't know how much we could prolong our lives.
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We might make every human healthy to the currently accepted maximum age of around 120, or we might stop biological aging and disease indefinitely.
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Nobody knows at this point what's possible.
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Well, life extension is really just another phrase for medicine.
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All the doctors are doing is trying to prolong life and minimize suffering.
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The vast majority of healthcare resources are spent on the consequences of aging.
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Nearly half of your lifetime healthcare costs will be spent during your senior years, and another third during middle age.
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We are actually already trying to prolong life with our current medicine, we're just doing it very inefficiently.
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Trying to stop aging from happening is not less natural than transplanting a heart, treating cancer with chemotherapy, using antibiotics or vaccines.
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Nothing humans do nowadays is purely natural anymore, and we enjoy the highest standard of living ever as a consequence of that.
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What we're doing right now is waiting until it's too late and the machine is failing.
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And then we use the vast majority of our resources trying to fix it as well as we can, while it breaks down even further.
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But life extension still feels hubristic.
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Most people assume that they will want to die once they reach a certain age, and this might still be true.
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The idea of avoiding death entirely is off-putting for many.
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The end of biological aging would not mean the end of death in any way.
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It's more like a summer evening when you were a kid and your mum called you inside.
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You just wanted to keep playing, have a little more fun during sunset, before you went to sleep.
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It's not about playing outside forever, just a little longer until we feel tired.
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If you imagine a world without disease where you and your loved ones could live in good health for another 100 or 200 years, how would this change us?
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Would we take better care of our planet if we knew we would be around longer?
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If we could work for 150 years, how much time would we spend figuring out what we're good at?
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How much more time would we spend learning?
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Would the intense feeling of pressure and stress many of us are feeling right now go away or get worse?
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So, asking again, if you could choose how long to live right now, in good health and with your friends and family, what's your personal answer?
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What would you like your future to look like?
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But maybe you're still unconvinced.
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Some nagging feeling remains.
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That is the reaper whispering into your brain.
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Watch my video to hear what he says and why you shouldn't listen.
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Your eternal future may depend on it.
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And if you're not already subscribed, subscribe.
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Imagine NASA announced today that they found aliens.
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Wouldn't that be great?
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Well, no, it would be horrible news.
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It could mean that the end of humanity is almost certain, and that it might be coming soon.
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Why would the most exciting discovery of our lifetime be bad?
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Let us imagine the development of life from its inception to us today as a flight of stairs.
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The first step is dead chemistry that needs to assemble itself into self-replicating patterns, stable and resilient, but also able to change and evolve.
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The second step is for our early life to become more complex, able to build more complicated structures, and use the available energy much more efficiently.
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On the next step, these cells combine to become multicellular beings, enabling unbelievable variety and further complexity.
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The step above sees the species evolve big brains, enabling the use of tools, culture, and shared knowledge, which creates even higher complexity.
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The species can now become the dominant life form on its planet, and change it according to its needs.
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First, shy attempts to leave its planet are happening.
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This is where we are now.
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It's in the nature of life as we know it to reach out, to cover every niche it can.
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And since planets have a limited carrying capacity and lifespan, if a species wants to survive, it will look for more places to spread to.
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So the steps above the current ones seem logical.
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Colonize your own solar system, then spread further to reach other stars, to the possible final step, becoming a galaxy-wide civilization.
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It's very likely that this is a universal principle for civilizations, no matter where they're from.
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If a species is competitive and driven enough to take control over its planet, they'll probably not stop there.
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We know that there are up to 500 billion planets in the Milky Way, at least 10 billion Earth-like planets.
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Many have been around billions of years longer than Earth.
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But we're observing zero galactic civilizations.
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We should be able to see something, but there's nothing.
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Space seems to be empty and dead.
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This means something is preventing living things from climbing the staircase beyond the step we're on right now.
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