polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

seddah-etal-2012-ubiquitous

Ubiquitous Usage of a Broad Coverage {F}rench Corpus: Processing the {E}st {R}epublicain corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1668/

Seddah, Djam{\'e} and Candito, Marie and Crabb{\'e}, Benoit and Anguiano, Enrique Henestroza

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3249--3254

In this paper, we introduce a set of resources that we have derived from the EST R{\'E}PUBLICAIN CORPUS, a large, freely-available collection of regional newspaper articles in French, totaling 150 million words. Our resources are the result of a full NLP treatment of the EST R{\'E}PUBLICAIN CORPUS: handling of multi-word expressions, lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, and syntactic parsing. Processing of the corpus is carried out using statistical machine-learning approaches - joint model of data driven lemmatization and part- of-speech tagging, PCFG-LA and dependency based models for parsing - that have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance when evaluated on the French Treebank. Our derived resources are made freely available, and released according to the original Creative Common license for the EST R{\'E}PUBLICAIN CORPUS. We additionally provide an overview of the use of these resources in various applications, in particular the use of generated word clusters from the corpus to alleviate lexical data sparseness for statistical parsing.

null

73,869

inproceedings

hanoka-sagot-2012-wordnet

{W}ordnet extension made simple: A multilingual lexicon-based approach using wiki resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1669/

Hanoka, Val{\'e}rie and Sagot, Beno{\^i}t

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3473--3478

In this paper, we propose a simple methodology for building or extending wordnets using easily extractible lexical knowledge from Wiktionary and Wikipedia. This method relies on a large multilingual translation/synonym graph in many languages as well as synset-aligned wordnets. It guesses frequent and polysemous literals that are difficult to find using other methods by looking at back-translations in the graph, showing that the use of a heavily multilingual lexicon can be a way to mitigate the lack of wide coverage bilingual lexicon for wordnet creation or extension. We evaluate our approach on French by applying it for extending WOLF, a freely available French wordnet.

null

73,870

inproceedings

agrawal-etal-2012-development

Development of Text and Speech database for {H}indi and {I}ndian {E}nglish specific to Mobile Communication environment

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1670/

Agrawal, Shyam and Sinha, Shweta and Singh, Pooja and Olson, Jesper

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3415--3421

This paper describes the method and experiences of text and speech data collection in mobile communication in Indian English Hindi. The primary data collection is done in the form of large number of messages as part of Personal communication among natives of Hindi language and Indian speakers of English. To gather the versatility of mobile communication database among Hindi and English, 12 domains were identified for collection of text corpus from speaking population belonging to deferent age groups, sex and dialects. The text obtained in raw form based on slangs and unconventional grammar were cleaned using on language grammar rules and then tagged and expanded to explain context specific meaning of the words. Texts of 1163 participants from Hindi speaking regions and 1405 English users were taken for creating 13 prompt sheets; containing 630 phonetically rich sentences created using a special software. Each prompt sheet was recorded by at least 7 users simultaneously in three channels and recorded by a total of 100 speakers and annotated. The work is a step forward in the direction of development of standards for mobile text and speech data collection for Indian languages. Keywords - Speech data base, Text analysis, mobile communication, Hindi and Indian English Speech, multi-lingual speech processing.

null

73,871

inproceedings

federico-etal-2012-overview

Overview of the {IWSLT} 2012 evaluation campaign

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.1/

Federico, M. and Cettolo, M. and Bentivogli, L. and Paul, M. and St{\"uker, S.

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

12--33

We report on the ninth evaluation campaign organized by the IWSLT workshop. This year, the evaluation offered multiple tracks on lecture translation based on the TED corpus, and one track on dialog translation from Chinese to English based on the Olympic trilingual corpus. In particular, the TED tracks included a speech transcription track in English, a speech translation track from English to French, and text translation tracks from English to French and from Arabic to English. In addition to the official tracks, ten unofficial MT tracks were offered that required translating TED talks into English from either Chinese, Dutch, German, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, or Turkish. 16 teams participated in the evaluation and submitted a total of 48 primary runs. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, while runs of the official translation tracks were also ranked by crowd-sourced judges. In particular, subjective ranking for the TED task was performed on a progress test which permitted direct comparison of the results from this year against the best results from the 2011 round of the evaluation campaign.

null

74,819

inproceedings

yamamoto-etal-2012-nict

The {NICT} {ASR} system for {IWSLT}2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.2/

Yamamoto, Hitoshi and Wu, Youzheng and Huang, Chien-Lin and Lu, Xugang and Dixon, Paul R. and Matsuda, Shigeki and Hori, Chiori and Kashioka, Hideki

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

34--37

This paper describes our automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for the IWSLT 2012 evaluation campaign. The target data of the campaign is selected from the TED talks, a collection of public speeches on a variety of topics spoken in English. Our ASR system is based on weighted finite-state transducers and exploits an combination of acoustic models for spontaneous speech, language models based on n-gram and factored recurrent neural network trained with effectively selected corpora, and unsupervised topic adaptation framework utilizing ASR results. Accordingly, the system achieved 10.6{\%} and 12.0{\%} word error rate for the tst2011 and tst2012 evaluation set, respectively.

null

74,820

inproceedings

mediani-etal-2012-kit

The {KIT} translation systems for {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.3/

Mediani, Mohammed and Zhang, Yuqi and Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Cho, Eunach and Herrmann, Teresa and K{\"argel, Rainer and Waibel, Alexander

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

38--45

In this paper, we present the KIT systems participating in the English-French TED Translation tasks in the framework of the IWSLT 2012 machine translation evaluation. We also present several additional experiments on the English-German, English-Chinese and English-Arabic translation pairs. Our system is a phrase-based statistical machine translation system, extended with many additional models which were proven to enhance the translation quality. For instance, it uses the part-of-speech (POS)-based reordering, translation and language model adaptation, bilingual language model, word-cluster language model, discriminative word lexica (DWL), and continuous space language model. In addition to this, the system incorporates special steps in the preprocessing and in the post-processing step. In the preprocessing the noisy corpora are filtered by removing the noisy sentence pairs, whereas in the postprocessing the agreement between a noun and its surrounding words in the French translation is corrected based on POS tags with morphological information. Our system deals with speech transcription input by removing case information and punctuation except periods from the text translation model.

null

74,821

inproceedings

neubig-etal-2012-naist

The {NAIST} machine translation system for {IWSLT}2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.5/

Neubig, Graham and Duh, Kevin and Ogushi, Masaya and Kano, Takamoto and Kiso, Tetsuo and Sakti, Sakriani and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

54--60

This paper describes the NAIST statistical machine translation system for the IWSLT2012 Evaluation Campaign. We participated in all TED Talk tasks, for a total of 11 language-pairs. For all tasks, we use the Moses phrase-based decoder and its experiment management system as a common base for building translation systems. The focus of our work is on performing a comprehensive comparison of a multitude of existing techniques for the TED task, exploring issues such as out-of-domain data filtering, minimum Bayes risk decoding, MERT vs. PRO tuning, word alignment combination, and morphology.

null

74,823

inproceedings

ruiz-etal-2012-fbks

{FBK}`s machine translation systems for {IWSLT} 2012`s {TED} lectures

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.6/

Ruiz, N. and Bisazza, A. and Cattoni, R. and Federico, M.

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

61--68

This paper reports on FBK`s Machine Translation (MT) submissions at the IWSLT 2012 Evaluation on the TED talk translation tasks. We participated in the English-French and the Arabic-, Dutch-, German-, and Turkish-English translation tasks. Several improvements are reported over our last year baselines. In addition to using fill-up combinations of phrase-tables for domain adaptation, we explore the use of corpora filtering based on cross-entropy to produce concise and accurate translation and language models. We describe challenges encountered in under-resourced languages (Turkish) and language-specific preprocessing needs.

null

74,824

inproceedings

peitz-etal-2012-rwth

The {RWTH} {A}achen speech recognition and machine translation system for {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.7/

Peitz, Stephan and Mansour, Saab and Freitag, Markus and Feng, Minwei and Huck, Matthias and Wuebker, Joern and Nuhn, Malte and Nu{\ss}baum-Thom, Markus and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

69--76

In this paper, the automatic speech recognition (ASR) and statistical machine translation (SMT) systems of RWTH Aachen University developed for the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2012 are presented. We participated in the ASR (English), MT (English-French, Arabic-English, Chinese-English, German-English) and SLT (English-French) tracks. For the MT track both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT decoders are applied. A number of different techniques are evaluated in the MT and SLT tracks, including domain adaptation via data selection, translation model interpolation, phrase training for hierarchical and phrase-based systems, additional reordering model, word class language model, various Arabic and Chinese segmentation methods, postprocessing of speech recognition output with an SMT system, and system combination. By application of these methods we can show considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems.

null

74,825

inproceedings

zhu-etal-2012-hit

The {HIT}-{LTRC} machine translation system for {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.8/

Zhu, Xiaoning and Cui, Yiming and Zhu, Conghui and Zhao, Tiejun and Cao, Hailong

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

77--80

In this paper, we describe HIT-LTRC`s participation in the IWSLT 2012 evaluation campaign. In this year, we took part in the Olympics Task which required the participants to translate Chinese to English with limited data. Our system is based on Moses[1], which is an open source machine translation system. We mainly used the phrase-based models to carry out our experiments, and factored-based models were also performed in comparison. All the involved tools are freely available. In the evaluation campaign, we focus on data selection, phrase extraction method comparison and phrase table combination.

null

74,826

inproceedings

falavigna-etal-2012-fbk

{FBK}@{IWSLT} 2012 {--} {ASR} track

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.9/

Falavigna, D. and Gretter, R. and Brugnara, F. and Giuliani, D.

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

81--86

This paper reports on the participation of FBK at the IWSLT2012 evaluation campaign on automatic speech recognition: namely in the English ASR track. Both primary and contrastive submissions have been sent for evaluation. The ASR system features acoustic models trained on a portion of the TED talk recordings that was automatically selected according to the fidelity of the provided transcriptions. Three decoding steps are performed interleaved by acoustic feature normalization and acoustic model adaptation. A final rescoring step, based on the usage of an interpolated language model, is applied to word graphs generated in the third decoding step. For the primary submission, language models entering the interpolation are trained on both out-of-domain and in-domain text data, instead the contrastive submission uses both {\textquotedblright}general purpose{\textquotedblright} and auxiliary language models trained only on out-of-domain text data. Despite this fact, similar performance are obtained with the two submissions.

null

74,827

inproceedings

saam-etal-2012-2012

The 2012 {KIT} and {KIT}-{NAIST} {E}nglish {ASR} systems for the {IWSLT} evaluation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.10/

Saam, Christian and Mohr, Christian and Kilgour, Kevin and Heck, Michael and Sperber, Matthias and Kubo, Keigo and St{\"uker, Sebatian and Sakri, Sakriani and Neubig, Graham and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

87--90

This paper describes our English Speech-to-Text (STT) systems for the 2012 IWSLT TED ASR track evaluation. The systems consist of 10 subsystems that are combinations of different front-ends, e.g. MVDR based and MFCC based ones, and two different phone sets. The outputs of the subsystems are combined via confusion network combination. Decoding is done in two stages, where the systems of the second stage are adapted in an unsupervised manner on the combination of the first stage outputs using VTLN, MLLR, and cM-LLR.

null

74,828

inproceedings

heck-etal-2012-kit

The {KIT}-{NAIST} (contrastive) {E}nglish {ASR} system for {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.11/

Heck, Michael and Kubo, Keigo and Sperber, Matthias and Sakti, Sakriani and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Saam, Christian and Kilgour, Kevin and Mohr, Christian and Neubig, Graham and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

91--95

This paper describes the KIT-NAIST (Contrastive) English speech recognition system for the IWSLT 2012 Evaluation Campaign. In particular, we participated in the ASR track of the IWSLT TED task. The system was developed by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) teams in collaboration within the interACT project. We employ single system decoding with fully continuous and semi-continuous models, as well as a three-stage, multipass system combination framework built with the Janus Recognition Toolkit. On the IWSLT 2010 test set our single system introduced in this work achieves a WER of 17.6{\%}, and our final combination achieves a WER of 14.4{\%}.

null

74,829

inproceedings

chu-etal-2012-ebmt

{EBMT} system of {K}yoto {U}niversity in {OLYMPICS} task at {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.12/

Chu, Chenhui and Nakazawa, Toshiaki and Kurohashi, Sadao

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

96--101

This paper describes the EBMT system of Kyoto University that participated in the OLYMPICS task at IWSLT 2012. When translating very different language pairs such as Chinese-English, it is very important to handle sentences in tree structures to overcome the difference. Many recent studies incorporate tree structures in some parts of translation process, but not all the way from model training (alignment) to decoding. Our system is a fully tree-based translation system where we use the Bayesian phrase alignment model on dependency trees and example-based translation. To improve the translation quality, we conduct some special processing for the IWSLT 2012 OLYMPICS task, including sub-sentence splitting, non-parallel sentence filtering, adoption of an optimized Chinese segmenter and rule-based decoding constraints.

null

74,830

inproceedings

besacier-etal-2012-lig

The {LIG} {E}nglish to {F}rench machine translation system for {IWSLT} 2012

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.13/

Besacier, Laurent and Lecouteux, Benjamin and Azouzi, Marwen and Luong, Ngoc Quang

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

102--108

This paper presents the LIG participation to the E-F MT task of IWSLT 2012. The primary system proposed made a large improvement (more than 3 point of BLEU on tst2010 set) compared to our last year participation. Part of this improvment was due to the use of an extraction from the Gigaword corpus. We also propose a preliminary adaptation of the driven decoding concept for machine translation. This method allows an efficient combination of machine translation systems, by rescoring the log-linear model at the N-best list level according to auxiliary systems: the basis technique is essentially guiding the search using one or previous system outputs. The results show that the approach allows a significant improvement in BLEU score using Google translate to guide our own SMT system. We also try to use a confidence measure as an additional log-linear feature but we could not get any improvment with this technique.

null

74,831

inproceedings

drexler-etal-2012-mit

The {MIT}-{LL}/{AFRL} {IWSLT} 2012 {MT} system

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.14/

Drexler, Jennifer and Shen, Wade and Anderson, Tim and Slyh, Raymond and Ore, Brian and Hansen, Eric and Gleason, Terry

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

109--116

This paper describes the MIT-LL/AFRL statistical MT system and the improvements that were developed during the IWSLT 2012 evaluation campaign. As part of these efforts, we experimented with a number of extensions to the standard phrase-based model that improve performance on the Arabic to English and English to French TED-talk translation task. We also applied our existing ASR system to the TED-talk lecture ASR task, and combined our ASR and MT systems for the TED-talk SLT task. We discuss the architecture of the MIT-LL/AFRL MT system, improvements over our 2011 system, and experiments we ran during the IWSLT-2012 evaluation. Specifically, we focus on 1) cross-domain translation using MAP adaptation, 2) cross-entropy filtering of MT training data, and 3) improved Arabic morphology for MT preprocessing.

null

74,832

inproceedings

dumitrescu-etal-2012-romanian

{R}omanian to {E}nglish automatic {MT} experiments at {IWSLT}12 {--} system description paper

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-evaluation.19/

Dumitrescu, {\c{S}}tefan Daniel and Ion, Radu and {\c{S}}tef{\u{a}}nescu, Dan and Boro{\c{s}}, Tiberiu and Tufi{\c{s}}, Dan

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Evaluation Campaign

136--143

The paper presents the system developed by RACAI for the ISWLT 2012 competition, TED task, MT track, Romanian to English translation. We describe the starting baseline phrase-based SMT system, the experiments conducted to adapt the language and translation models and our post-translation cascading system designed to improve the translation without external resources. We further present our attempts at creating a better controlled decoder than the open-source Moses system offers.

null

74,837

inproceedings

prasad-etal-2012-active

Active error detection and resolution for speech-to-speech translation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.1/

Prasad, Rohit and Kumar, Rohit and Ananthakrishnan, Sankaranarayanan and Chen, Wei and Hewavitharana, Sanjika and Roy, Matthew and Choi, Frederick and Challenner, Aaron and Kan, Enoch and Neelakantan, Arvid and Natarajan, Prem

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

150--157

We describe a novel two-way speech-to-speech (S2S) translation system that actively detects a wide variety of common error types and resolves them through user-friendly dialog with the user(s). We present algorithms for detecting out-of-vocabulary (OOV) named entities and terms, sense ambiguities, homophones, idioms, ill-formed input, etc. and discuss novel, interactive strategies for recovering from such errors. We also describe our approach for prioritizing different error types and an extensible architecture for implementing these decisions. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system by presenting analysis on live interactions in the English-to-Iraqi Arabic direction that are designed to invoke different error types for spoken language translation. Our analysis shows that the system can successfully resolve 47{\%} of the errors, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the transfer of problematic concepts.

null

74,839

inproceedings

kano-etal-2012-method

A method for translation of paralinguistic information

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.2/

Kano, Takatomo and Sakti, Sakriani and Takamichi, Shinnosuke and Neubig, Graham and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

158--163

This paper is concerned with speech-to-speech translation that is sensitive to paralinguistic information. From the many different possible paralinguistic features to handle, in this paper we chose duration and power as a first step, proposing a method that can translate these features from input speech to the output speech in continuous space. This is done in a simple and language-independent fashion by training a regression model that maps source language duration and power information into the target language. We evaluate the proposed method on a digit translation task and show that paralinguistic information in input speech appears in output speech, and that this information can be used by target language speakers to detect emphasis.

null

74,840

inproceedings

niehues-2012-continuous

Continuous space language models using restricted Boltzmann machines

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.3/

Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

164--170

We present a novel approach for continuous space language models in statistical machine translation by using Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). The probability of an n-gram is calculated by the free energy of the RBM instead of a feedforward neural net. Therefore, the calculation is much faster and can be integrated into the translation process instead of using the language model only in a re-ranking step. Furthermore, it is straightforward to introduce additional word factors into the language model. We observed a faster convergence in training if we include automatically generated word classes as an additional word factor. We evaluated the RBM-based language model on the German to English and English to French translation task of TED lectures. Instead of replacing the conventional n-gram-based language model, we trained the RBM-based language model on the more important but smaller in-domain data and combined them in a log-linear way. With this approach we could show improvements of about half a BLEU point on the translation task.

null

74,841

inproceedings

gretter-2012-focusing

Focusing language models for automatic speech recognition

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.4/

Gretter, Daniele Falavigna Roberto

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

171--178

This paper describes a method for selecting text data from a corpus with the aim of training auxiliary Language Models (LMs) for an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system. A novel similarity score function is proposed, which allows to score each document belonging to the corpus in order to select those with the highest scores for training auxiliary LMs which are linearly interpolated with the baseline one. The similarity score function makes use of {\textquotedblright}similarity models{\textquotedblright} built from the automatic transcriptions furnished by earlier stages of the ASR system, while the documents selected for training auxiliary LMs are drawn from the same set of data used to train the baseline LM used in the ASR system. In this way, the resulting interpolated LMs are {\textquotedblright}focused{\textquotedblright} towards the output of the recognizer itself. The approach allows to improve word error rate, measured on a task of spontaneous speech, of about 3{\%} relative. It is important to note that a similar improvement has been obtained using an {\textquotedblright}in-domain{\textquotedblright} set of texts data not contained in the sources used to train the baseline LM. In addition, we compared the proposed similarity score function with two other ones based on perplexity (PP) and on TFxIDF (Term Frequency x Inverse Document Frequency) vector space model. The proposed approach provides about the same performance as that based on TFxIDF model but requires both lower computation and occupation memory.

null

74,842

inproceedings

koehn-2012-simulating

Simulating human judgment in machine translation evaluation campaigns

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.5/

Koehn, Philipp

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

179--184

We present a Monte Carlo model to simulate human judgments in machine translation evaluation campaigns, such as WMT or IWSLT. We use the model to compare different ranking methods and to give guidance on the number of judgments that need to be collected to obtain sufficiently significant distinctions between systems.

null

74,843

inproceedings

aransa-etal-2012-semi

Semi-supervised transliteration mining from parallel and comparable corpora

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.6/

Aransa, Walid and Schwenk, Holger and Barrault, Loic

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

185--192

Transliteration is the process of writing a word (mainly proper noun) from one language in the alphabet of another language. This process requires mapping the pronunciation of the word from the source language to the closest possible pronunciation in the target language. In this paper we introduce a new semi-supervised transliteration mining method for parallel and comparable corpora. The method is mainly based on a new suggested Three Levels of Similarity (TLS) scores to extract the transliteration pairs. The first level calculates the similarity of of all vowel letters and consonants letters. The second level calculates the similarity of long vowels and vowel letters at beginning and end position of the words and consonants letters. The third level calculates the similarity consonants letters only. We applied our method on Arabic-English parallel and comparable corpora. We evaluated the extracted transliteration pairs using a statistical based transliteration system. This system is built using letters instead or words as tokens. The transliteration system achieves an accuracy of 0.50 and a mean F-score 0.8958 when trained on transliteration pairs extracted from a parallel corpus. The accuracy is 0.30 and the mean F-score 0.84 when we used instead a comparable corpus to automatically extract the transliteration pairs. This shows that the proposed semi-supervised transliteration mining algorithm is effective and can be applied to other language pairs. We also evaluated two segmentation techniques and reported the impact on the transliteration performance.

null

74,844

inproceedings

mansour-ney-2012-simple

A simple and effective weighted phrase extraction for machine translation adaptation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.7/

Mansour, Saab and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

193--200

The task of domain-adaptation attempts to exploit data mainly drawn from one domain (e.g. news) to maximize the performance on the test domain (e.g. weblogs). In previous work, weighting the training instances was used for filtering dissimilar data. We extend this by incorporating the weights directly into the standard phrase training procedure of statistical machine translation (SMT). This allows the SMT system to make the decision whether to use a phrase translation pair or not, a more methodological way than discarding phrase pairs completely when using filtering. Furthermore, we suggest a combined filtering and weighting procedure to achieve better results while reducing the phrase table size. The proposed methods are evaluated in the context of Arabicto-English translation on various conditions, where significant improvements are reported when using the suggested weighted phrase training. The weighting method also improves over filtering, and the combined filtering and weighting is better than a standalone filtering method. Finally, we experiment with mixture modeling, where additional improvements are reported when using weighted phrase extraction over a variety of baselines.

null

74,845

inproceedings

axelrod-etal-2012-applications

Applications of data selection via cross-entropy difference for real-world statistical machine translation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.8/

Axelrod, Amittai and Li, QingJun and Lewis, William D.

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

201--208

We broaden the application of data selection methods for domain adaptation to a larger number of languages, data, and decoders than shown in previous work, and explore comparable applications for both monolingual and bilingual cross-entropy difference methods. We compare domain adapted systems against very large general-purpose systems for the same languages, and do so without a bias to a particular direction. We present results against real-world generalpurpose systems tuned on domain-specific data, which are substantially harder to beat than standard research baseline systems. We show better performance for nearly all domain adapted systems, despite the fact that the domainadapted systems are trained on a fraction of the content of their general domain counterparts. The high performance of these methods suggest applicability to a wide variety of contexts, particularly in scenarios where only small supplies of unambiguously domain-specific data are available, yet it is believed that additional similar data is included in larger heterogenous-content general-domain corpora.

null

74,846

inproceedings

tu-etal-2012-universal

A universal approach to translating numerical and time expressions

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.9/

Tu, Mei and Zhou, Yu and Zong, Chengqing

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

209--216

Although statistical machine translation (SMT) has made great progress since it came into being, the translation of numerical and time expressions is still far from satisfactory. Generally speaking, numbers are likely to be out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words due to their non-exhaustive characteristics even when the size of training data is very large, so it is difficult to obtain accurate translation results for the infinite set of numbers only depending on traditional statistical methods. We propose a language-independent framework to recognize and translate numbers more precisely by using a rule-based method. Through designing operators, we succeed to make rules educible and totally separate from codes, thus, we can extend rules to various language-pairs without re-coding, which contributes a lot to the efficient development of an SMT system with good portability. We classify numbers and time expressions into seven types, which are Arabic number, cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, date, time of day, day of week and figures. A greedy algorithm is developed to deal with rule conflicts. Experiments have shown that our approach can significantly improve the translation performance.

null

74,847

inproceedings

kolkhorst-etal-2012-evaluation

Evaluation of interactive user corrections for lecture transcription

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.10/

Kolkhorst, Heinrich and Kilgour, Kevin and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

217--221

In this work, we present and evaluate the usage of an interactive web interface for browsing and correcting lecture transcripts. An experiment performed with potential users without transcription experience provides us with a set of example corrections. On German lecture data, user corrections greatly improve the comprehensibility of the transcripts, yet only reduce the WER to 22{\%}. The precision of user edits is relatively low at 77{\%} and errors in inflection, case and compounds were rarely corrected. Nevertheless, characteristic lecture data errors, such as highly specific terms, were typically corrected, providing valuable additional information.

null

74,848

inproceedings

wu-etal-2012-factored-recurrent

Factored recurrent neural network language model in {TED} lecture transcription

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.11/

Wu, Youzheng and Yamamoto, Hitoshi and Lu, Xugang and Matsuda, Shigeki and Hori, Chiori and Kashioka, Hideki

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

222--228

In this study, we extend recurrent neural network-based language models (RNNLMs) by explicitly integrating morphological and syntactic factors (or features). Our proposed RNNLM is called a factored RNNLM that is expected to enhance RNNLMs. A number of experiments are carried out on top of state-of-the-art LVCSR system that show the factored RNNLM improves the performance measured by perplexity and word error rate. In the IWSLT TED test data sets, absolute word error rate reductions over RNNLM and n-gram LM are 0.4{\ensuremath{\sim}}0.8 points.

null

74,849

inproceedings

blain-etal-2012-incremental

Incremental adaptation using translation information and post-editing analysis

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.12/

Blain, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Schwenk, Holger and Senellart, Jean

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

229--236

It is well known that statistical machine translation systems perform best when they are adapted to the task. In this paper we propose new methods to quickly perform incremental adaptation without the need to obtain word-by-word alignments from GIZA or similar tools. The main idea is to use an automatic translation as pivot to infer alignments between the source sentence and the reference translation, or user correction. We compared our approach to the standard method to perform incremental re-training. We achieve similar results in the BLEU score using less computational resources. Fast retraining is particularly interesting when we want to almost instantly integrate user feed-back, for instance in a post-editing context or machine translation assisted CAT tool. We also explore several methods to combine the translation models.

null

74,850

inproceedings

khadivi-vakil-2012-interactive

Interactive-predictive speech-enabled computer-assisted translation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.13/

Khadivi, Shahram and Vakil, Zeinab

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

237--243

In this paper, we study the incorporation of statistical machine translation models to automatic speech recognition models in the framework of computer-assisted translation. The system is given a source language text to be translated and it shows the source text to the human translator to translate it orally. The system captures the user speech which is the dictation of the target language sentence. Then, the human translator uses an interactive-predictive process to correct the system generated errors. We show the efficiency of this method by higher human productivity gain compared to the baseline systems: pure ASR system and integrated ASR and MT systems.

null

74,851

inproceedings

ruiz-federico-2012-mdi

{MDI} adaptation for the lazy: avoiding normalization in {LM} adaptation for lecture translation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.14/

Ruiz, Nick and Federico, Marcello

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

244--251

This paper provides a fast alternative to Minimum Discrimination Information-based language model adaptation for statistical machine translation. We provide an alternative to computing a normalization term that requires computing full model probabilities (including back-off probabilities) for all n-grams. Rather than re-estimating an entire language model, our Lazy MDI approach leverages a smoothed unigram ratio between an adaptation text and the background language model to scale only the n-gram probabilities corresponding to translation options gathered by the SMT decoder. The effects of the unigram ratio are scaled by adding an additional feature weight to the log-linear discriminative model. We present results on the IWSLT 2012 TED talk translation task and show that Lazy MDI provides comparable language model adaptation performance to classic MDI.

null

74,852

inproceedings

cho-etal-2012-segmentation

Segmentation and punctuation prediction in speech language translation using a monolingual translation system

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.15/

Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

252--259

In spoken language translation (SLT), finding proper segmentation and reconstructing punctuation marks are not only significant but also challenging tasks. In this paper we present our recent work on speech translation quality analysis for German-English by improving sentence segmentation and punctuation. From oracle experiments, we show an upper bound of translation quality if we had human-generated segmentation and punctuation on the output stream of speech recognition systems. In our oracle experiments we gain 1.78 BLEU points of improvements on the lecture test set. We build a monolingual translation system from German to German implementing segmentation and punctuation prediction as a machine translation task. Using the monolingual translation system we get an improvement of 1.53 BLEU points on the lecture test set, which is a comparable performance against the upper bound drawn by the oracle experiments.

null

74,853

inproceedings

feng-etal-2012-sequence

Sequence labeling-based reordering model for phrase-based {SMT}

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.16/

Feng, Minwei and Peter, Jan-Thorsten and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

260--267

For current statistical machine translation system, reordering is still a major problem for language pairs like Chinese-English, where the source and target language have significant word order differences. In this paper, we propose a novel reordering model based on sequence labeling techniques. Our model converts the reordering problem into a sequence labeling problem, i.e. a tagging task. For the given source sentence, we assign each source token a label which contains the reordering information for that token. We also design an unaligned word tag so that the unaligned word phenomenon is automatically implanted in the proposed model. Our reordering model is conditioned on the whole source sentence. Hence it is able to catch the long dependency in the source sentence. Although the learning on large scale task requests notably amounts of computational resources, the decoder makes use of the tagging information as soft constraints. Therefore, the training procedure of our model is computationally expensive for large task while in the test phase (during translation) our model is very efficient. We carried out experiments on five Chinese-English NIST tasks trained with BOLT data. Results show that our model improves the baseline system by 1.32 BLEU 1.53 TER on average.

null

74,854

inproceedings

hasler-etal-2012-sparse

Sparse lexicalised features and topic adaptation for {SMT}

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.17/

Hasler, Eva and Haddow, Barry and Koehn, Philipp

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

268--275

We present a new approach to domain adaptation for SMT that enriches standard phrase-based models with lexicalised word and phrase pair features to help the model select appropriate translations for the target domain (TED talks). In addition, we show how source-side sentence-level topics can be incorporated to make the features differentiate between more fine-grained topics within the target domain (topic adaptation). We compare tuning our sparse features on a development set versus on the entire in-domain corpus and introduce a new method of porting them to larger mixed-domain models. Experimental results show that our features improve performance over a MIRA baseline and that in some cases we can get additional improvements with topic features. We evaluate our methods on two language pairs, English-French and German-English, showing promising results.

null

74,855

inproceedings

peitz-etal-2012-spoken

Spoken language translation using automatically transcribed text in training

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.18/

Peitz, Stephan and Wiesler, Simon and Nu{\ss}baum-Thom, Markus and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

276--283

In spoken language translation a machine translation system takes speech as input and translates it into another language. A standard machine translation system is trained on written language data and expects written language as input. In this paper we propose an approach to close the gap between the output of automatic speech recognition and the input of machine translation by training the translation system on automatically transcribed speech. In our experiments we show improvements of up to 0.9 BLEU points on the IWSLT 2012 English-to-French speech translation task.

null

74,856

inproceedings

potet-etal-2012-towards

Towards a better understanding of statistical post-editing

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.19/

Potet, Marion and Besacier, Laurent and Blanchon, Herv{\'e} and Azouzi, Marwen

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

284--291

We describe several experiments to better understand the usefulness of statistical post-edition (SPE) to improve phrase-based statistical MT (PBMT) systems raw outputs. Whatever the size of the training corpus, we show that SPE systems trained on general domain data offers no breakthrough to our baseline general domain PBMT system. However, using manually post-edited system outputs to train the SPE led to a slight improvement in the translations quality compared with the use of professional reference translations. We also show that SPE is far more effective for domain adaptation, mainly because it recovers a lot of specific terms unknown to our general PBMT system. Finally, we compare two domain adaptation techniques, post-editing a general domain PBMT system vs building a new domain-adapted PBMT system with two different techniques, and show that the latter outperforms the first one. Yet, when the PBMT is a {\textquotedblleft}black box{\textquotedblright}, SPE trained with post-edited system outputs remains an interesting option for domain adaptation.

null

74,857

inproceedings

gong-etal-2012-towards

Towards contextual adaptation for any-text translation

null

dec # " 6-7"

2012

Hong Kong, Table of contents

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.iwslt-papers.20/

Gong, Li and Max, Aur{\'e}lien and Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois

Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation: Papers

292--299

Adaptation for Machine Translation has been studied in a variety of ways, using an ideal scenario where the training data can be split into {\textquotedblright}out-of-domain{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblright}in-domain{\textquotedblright} corpora, on which the adaptation is based. In this paper, we consider a more realistic setting which does not assume the availability of any kind of {\textquotedblright}in-domain{\textquotedblright} data, hence the name {\textquotedblright}any-text translation{\textquotedblright}. In this context, we present a new approach to contextually adapt a translation model onthe-fly, and present several experimental results where this approach outperforms conventionaly trained baselines. We also present a document-level contrastive evaluation whose results can be easily interpreted, even by non-specialists.

null

74,858

inproceedings

camilleri-2012-ide

An {IDE} for the Grammatical Framework

Espa{\~n}a-Bonet, Cristina and Ranta, Aarne

jun # " 13-15"

2012

Gothenburg, Sweden

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.freeopmt-1.2/

Camilleri, John J.

Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

1--12

The GF Eclipse Plugin provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for developing grammars in the Grammatical Framework (GF). Built on top of the Eclipse Platform, it aids grammar writing by providing instant syntax checking, semantic warnings and cross-reference resolution. Inline documentation and a library browser facilitate the use of existing resource libraries, and compilation and testing of grammars is greatly improved through single-click launch configurations and an in-built test case manager for running treebank regression tests. This IDE promotes grammar-based systems by making the tasks of writing grammars and using resource libraries more efficient, and provides powerful tools to reduce the barrier to entry to GF and encourage new users of the framework.

null

74,861

inproceedings

sanchez-cartagena-etal-2012-choosing

Choosing the correct paradigm for unknown words in rule-based machine translation systems

Espa{\~n}a-Bonet, Cristina and Ranta, Aarne

jun # " 13-15"

2012

Gothenburg, Sweden

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.freeopmt-1.4/

S{\'a}nchez-Cartagena, V. M. and Espl{\`a}-Gomis, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'i}nez, F. and P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, J. A.

Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

27--40

Previous work on an interactive system aimed at helping non-expert users to enlarge the monolingual dictionaries of rule-based machine translation (MT) systems worked by discarding those inflection paradigms that cannot generate a set of inflected word forms validated by the user. This method, however, cannot deal with the common case where a set of different paradigms generate exactly the same set of inflected word forms, although with different inflection information attached. In this paper, we propose the use of an n-gram-based model of lexical categories and inflection information to select a single paradigm in cases where more than one paradigm generates the same set of word forms. Results obtained with a Spanish monolingual dictionary show that the correct paradigm is chosen for around 75{\%} of the unknown words, thus making the resulting system (available under an open-source license) of valuable help to enlarge the monolingual dictionaries used in MT involving non-expert users without technical linguistic knowledge.

null

74,863

inproceedings

sanchez-cartagena-etal-2012-open

An open-source toolkit for integrating shallow-transfer rules into phrase-based statistical machine translation

Espa{\~n}a-Bonet, Cristina and Ranta, Aarne

jun # " 13-15"

2012

Gothenburg, Sweden

null

https://aclanthology.org/2012.freeopmt-1.5/

S{\'a}nchez-Cartagena, V. M. and S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'i}nez, F. and P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, J. A.

Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

41--54

In this paper, we present an open-source toolkit to enrich a phrase-based statistical machine translation system (Moses) with phrase pairs generated from the linguistic resources of a shallow-transfer rule-based machine translation system (Apertium). A system built with this toolkit was not outperformed by any other participant in the shared translation task of the Sixth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 11) for the Spanish{--}English language pair.

null

74,864

inproceedings

ahmed-etal-2012-hierarchical

Hierarchical Phrase-Based {MT} for Phonetic Representation-Based Speech Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.1/

Ahmed, Zeeshan and Jiang, Jie and Carson-Berndsen, Julie and Cahill, Peter and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

The paper presents a novel technique for speech translation using hierarchical phrased-based statistical machine translation (HPB-SMT). The system is based on translation of speech from phone sequences as opposed to conventional approach of speech translation from word sequences. The technique facilitates speech translation by allowing a machine translation (MT) system to access to phonetic information. This enables the MT system to act as both a word recognition and a translation component. This results in better performance than conventional speech translation approaches by recovering from recognition error with help of a source language model, translation model and target language model. For this purpose, the MT translation models are adopted to work on source language phones using a grapheme-to-phoneme component. The source-side phonetic confusions are handled using a confusion network. The result on IWLST`10 English- Chinese translation task shows a significant improvement in translation quality. In this paper, results for HPB-SMT are compared with previously published results of phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT) system (Baseline). The HPB-SMT system outperforms PB-SMT in this regard.

null

74,940

inproceedings

bourdaillet-langlais-2012-identifying

Identifying Infrequent Translations by Aligning Non Parallel Sentences

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.2/

Bourdaillet, Julien and Langlais, Philippe

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

Aligning a sequence of words to one of its infrequent translations is a difficult task. We propose a simple and original solution to this problem that yields to significant gains over a state-of-the-art transpotting task. Our approach consists in aligning non parallel sentences from the training data in order to reinforce online the alignment models. We show that using only a few pairs of non parallel sentences allows to improve significantly the alignment of infrequent translations.

null

74,941

inproceedings

cao-khudanpur-2012-sample

Sample Selection for Large-scale {MT} Discriminative Training

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.3/

Cao, Yuan and Khudanpur, Sanjeev

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

Discriminative training for MT usually involves numerous features and requires large-scale training set to reach reliable parameter estimation. Other than using the expensive human-labeled parallel corpora for training, semi-supervised methods have been proposed to generate huge amount of {\textquotedblleft}hallucinated{\textquotedblright} data which relieves the data sparsity problem. However the large training set contains both good samples which are suitable for training and bad ones harmful to the training. How to select training samples from vast amount of data can greatly affect the training performance. In this paper we propose a method for selecting samples that are most suitable for discriminative training according to a criterion measuring the dataset quality. Our experimental results show that by adding samples to the training set selectively, we are able to exceed the performance of system trained with the same amount of samples selected randomly.

null

74,942

inproceedings

clark-etal-2012-one

One System, Many Domains: Open-Domain Statistical Machine Translation via Feature Augmentation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.4/

Clark, Jonathan and Lavie, Alon and Dyer, Chris

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In this paper, we introduce a simple technique for incorporating domain information into a statistical machine translation system that significantly improves translation quality when test data comes from multiple domains. Our approach augments (conjoins) standard translation model and language model features with domain indicator features and requires only minimal modifications to the optimization and decoding procedures. We evaluate our method on two language pairs with varying numbers of domains, and observe significant improvements of up to 1.0 BLEU.

null

74,943

inproceedings

delpech-etal-2012-identification

Identification of Fertile Translations in Comparable Corpora: A Morpho-Compositional Approach

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.5/

Delpech, Estelle and Daille, B{\'e}atrice and Morin, Emmanuel and Lemaire, Claire

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper defines a method for lexicon in the biomedical domain from comparable corpora. The method is based on compositional translation and exploits morpheme-level translation equivalences. It can generate translations for a large variety of morphologically constructed words and can also generate `fertile' translations. We show that fertile translations increase the overall quality of the extracted lexicon for English to French translation.

null

74,944

inproceedings

denkowski-lavie-2012-challenges

Challenges in Predicting Machine Translation Utility for Human Post-Editors

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.6/

Denkowski, Michael and Lavie, Alon

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

As machine translation quality continues to improve, the idea of using MT to assist human translators becomes increasingly attractive. In this work, we discuss and provide empirical evidence of the challenges faced when adapting traditional MT systems to provide automatic translations for human post-editors to correct. We discuss the differences between this task and traditional adequacy-based tasks and the challenges that arise when using automatic metrics to predict the amount of effort required to post-edit translations. A series of experiments simulating a real-world localization scenario shows that current metrics under-perform on this task, even when tuned to maximize correlation with expert translator judgments, illustrating the need to rethink traditional MT pipelines when addressing the challenges of this translation task.

null

74,945

inproceedings

goutte-etal-2012-impact

The Impact of Sentence Alignment Errors on Phrase-Based Machine Translation Performance

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.7/

Goutte, Cyril and Carpuat, Marine and Foster, George

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

When parallel or comparable corpora are harvested from the web, there is typically a tradeoff between the size and quality of the data. In order to improve quality, corpus collection efforts often attempt to fix or remove misaligned sentence pairs. But, at the same time, Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems are widely assumed to be relatively robust to sentence alignment errors. However, there is little empirical evidence to support and characterize this robustness. This contribution investigates the impact of sentence alignment errors on a typical phrase-based SMT system. We confirm that SMT systems are highly tolerant to noise, and that performance only degrades seriously at very high noise levels. Our findings suggest that when collecting larger, noisy parallel data for training phrase-based SMT, cleaning up by trying to detect and remove incorrect alignments can actually degrade performance. Although fixing errors, when applicable, is a preferable strategy to removal, its benefits only become apparent for fairly high misalignment rates. We provide several explanations to support these findings.

null

74,946

inproceedings

huck-ney-2012-pivot

Pivot Lightly-Supervised Training for Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.8/

Huck, Matthias and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In this paper, we investigate large-scale lightly-supervised training with a pivot language: We augment a baseline statistical machine translation (SMT) system that has been trained on human-generated parallel training corpora with large amounts of additional unsupervised parallel data; but instead of creating this synthetic data from monolingual source language data with the baseline system itself, or from target language data with a reverse system, we employ a parallel corpus of target language data and data in a pivot language. The pivot language data is automatically translated into the source language, resulting in a trilingual corpus with unsupervised source language side. We augment our baseline system with the unsupervised source-target parallel data. Experiments are conducted for the German-French language pair using the standard WMT newstest sets for development and testing. We obtain the unsupervised data by translating the English side of the English-French 109 corpus to German. With careful system design, we are able to achieve improvements of up to +0.4 points BLEU / -0.7 points TER over the baseline.

null

74,947

inproceedings

koehn-haddow-2012-interpolated

Interpolated Backoff for Factored Translation Models

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.9/

Koehn, Philipp and Haddow, Barry

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

We propose interpolated backoff methods to strike the balance between traditional surface form translation models and factored models that decompose translation into lemma and morphological feature mapping steps. We show that this approach improves translation quality by 0.5 BLEU (German{--}English) over phrase-based models, due to the better translation of rare nouns and adjectives.

null

74,948

inproceedings

lewis-yang-2012-building

Building {MT} for a Severely Under-Resourced Language: White {H}mong

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.10/

Lewis, William and Yang, Phong

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In this paper, we discuss the development of statistical machine translation for English to/from White Hmong (Language code: mww). White Hmong is a Hmong-Mien language, originally spoken mostly in Southeast Asia, but now predominantly spoken by a large diaspora throughout the world, with populations in the United States, Australia, France, Thailand and elsewhere. Building statistical translation systems for Hmong proved to be incredibly challenging since there are no known parallel or monolingual corpora for the language; in fact, finding data for Hmong proved to be one of the biggest challenges to getting the project off the ground. It was only through a close collaboration with the Hmong community, and active and tireless participation of Hmong speakers, that it became possible to build up a critical mass of data to make the translation project a reality. We see this effort as potentially replicable for other severely resource poor languages of the world, which is likely the case for the majority of the languages still spoken on the planet. Further, the work here suggests that research and work on other severely under-resourced languages can have significant positive impacts for the affected communities, both for accessibility and language preservation.

null

74,949

inproceedings

ma-mckeown-2012-phrase

Phrase-level System Combination for Machine Translation Based on Target-to-Target Decoding

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.11/

Ma, Wei-Yun and McKeown, Kathleen

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In this paper, we propose a novel lattice-based MT combination methodology that we call Target-to-Target Decoding (TTD). The combination process is carried out as a {\textquotedblleft}translation{\textquotedblright} from backbone to the combination result. This perspective suggests the use of existing phrase-based MT techniques in the combination framework. We show how phrase extraction rules and confidence estimations inspired from machine translation improve results. We also propose system-specific LMs for estimating N-gram consensus. Our results show that our approach yields a strong improvement over the best single MT system and competes with other state-of-the-art combination systems.

null

74,950

inproceedings

parton-etal-2012-lost

Lost {\&} Found in Translation: Impact of Machine Translated Results on Translingual Information Retrieval

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.12/

Parton, Kristen and Habash, Nizar and McKeown, Kathleen

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In an ideal cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) system, a user query would generate a search over documents in a different language and the relevant results would be presented in the user`s language. In practice, CLIR systems are typically evaluated by judging result relevance in the document language, to factor out the effects of translating the results using machine translation (MT). In this paper, we investigate the influence of four different approaches for integrating MT and CLIR on both retrieval accuracy and user judgment of relevancy. We create a corpus with relevance judgments for both human and machine translated results, and use it to quantify the effect that MT quality has on end-to-end relevance. We find that MT errors result in a 16-39{\%} decrease in mean average precision over the ground truth system that uses human translations. MT errors also caused relevant sentences to appear irrelevant {--} 5-19{\%} of sentences were relevant in human translation, but were judged irrelevant in MT. To counter this degradation, we present two hybrid retrieval models and two automatic MT post-editing techniques and show that these approaches substantially mitigate the errors and improve the end-to-end relevance.

null

74,951

inproceedings

pighin-etal-2012-graph

A Graph-based Strategy to Streamline Translation Quality Assessments

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.13/

Pighin, Daniele and Formiga, Llu{\'i}s and M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'i}s

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

We present a detailed analysis of a graph-based annotation strategy that we employed to annotate a corpus of 11,292 real-world English to Spanish automatic translations with relative (ranking) and absolute (adequate/non-adequate) quality assessments. The proposed approach, inspired by previous work in Interactive Evolutionary Computation and Interactive Genetic Algorithms, results in a simpler and faster annotation process. We empirically compare the method against a traditional, explicit ranking approach, and show that the graph-based strategy: 1) is considerably faster, and 2) produces consistently more reliable annotations.

null

74,952

inproceedings

saluja-etal-2012-machine

Machine Translation with Binary Feedback: a Large-Margin Approach

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.14/

Saluja, Avneesh and Lane, Ian and Zhang, Ying

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

Viewing machine translation as a structured classification problem has provided a gateway for a host of structured prediction techniques to enter the field. In particular, large-margin structured prediction methods for discriminative training of feature weights, such as the structured perceptron or MIRA, have started to match or exceed the performance of existing methods such as MERT. One issue with structured problems in general is the difficulty in obtaining fully structured labels, e.g., in machine translation, obtaining reference translations or parallel sentence corpora for arbitrary language pairs. Another issue, more specific to the translation domain, is the difficulty in online training of machine translation systems, since existing methods often require bilingual knowledge to correct translation output online. We propose a solution to these two problems, by demonstrating a way to incorporate binary-labeled feedback (i.e., feedback on whether a translation hypothesis is a {\textquotedblleft}good{\textquotedblright} or understandable one or not), a form of supervision that can be easily integrated in an online manner, into a machine translation framework. Experimental results show marked improvement by incorporating binary feedback on unseen test data, with gains exceeding 5.5 BLEU points.

null

74,953

inproceedings

samuelsson-2012-hal

{HAL}: Challenging Three Key Aspects of {IBM}-style Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.15/

Samuelsson, Christer

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

The IBM schemes use weighted cooccurrence counts to iteratively improve translation and alignment probability estimates. We argue that: 1) these cooccurrence counts should be combined differently to capture word correlation; 2) alignment probabilities adopt predictable distributions; and 3) consequently, no iteration is needed. This applies equally well to word-based and phrase-based approaches. The resulting scheme, dubbed HAL, outperforms the IBM scheme in experiments.

null

74,954

inproceedings

sankaran-etal-2012-compact

Compact Rule Extraction for Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.16/

Sankaran, Baskaran and Haffari, Gholamreza and Sarkar, Anoop

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper introduces two novel approaches for extracting compact grammars for hierarchical phrase-based translation. The first is a combinatorial optimization approach and the second is a Bayesian model over Hiero grammars using Variational Bayes for inference. In contrast to the conventional Hiero (Chiang, 2007) rule extraction algorithm , our methods extract compact models reducing model size by 17.8{\%} to 57.6{\%} without impacting translation quality across several language pairs. The Bayesian model is particularly effective for resource-poor languages with evidence from Korean-English translation. To our knowledge, this is the first alternative to Hiero-style rule extraction that finds a more compact synchronous grammar without hurting translation performance.

null

74,955

inproceedings

sokolov-etal-2012-non

Non-linear n-best List Reranking with Few Features

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.17/

Sokolov, Artem and Wisniewski, Guillaume and Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

In Machine Translation, it is customary to compute the model score of a predicted hypothesis as a linear combination of multiple features, where each feature assesses a particular facet of the hypothesis. The choice of a linear combination is usually justified by the possibility of efficient inference (decoding); yet, the appropriateness of this simple combination scheme to the task at hand is rarely questioned. In this paper, we propose an approach that replaces the linear scoring function with a non-linear scoring function. To investigate the applicability of this approach, we rescore n-best lists generated with a conventional machine translation engine (using a linear scoring function for generating its hypotheses) with a non-linear scoring function learned using the learning-to-rank framework. Moderate, though consistent, gains in BLEU are demonstrated on the WMT`10, WMT`11 and WMT`12 test sets.

null

74,956

inproceedings

wang-etal-2012-improved

Improved Domain Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.18/

Wang, Wei and Macherey, Klaus and Macherey, Wolfgang and Och, Franz and Xu, Peng

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

We present a simple and effective infrastructure for domain adaptation for statistical machine translation (MT). To build MT systems for different domains, it trains, tunes and deploys a single translation system that is capable of producing adapted domain translations and preserving the original generic accuracy at the same time. The approach unifies automatic domain detection and domain model parameterization into one system. Experiment results on 20 language pairs demonstrate its viability.

null

74,957

inproceedings

niehues-waibel-2012-detailed

Detailed Analysis of Different Strategies for Phrase Table Adaptation in {SMT}

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.19/

Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper gives a detailed analysis of different approaches to adapt a statistical machine translation system towards a target domain using small amounts of parallel in-domain data. Therefore, we investigate the differences between the approaches addressing adaptation on the two main steps of building a translation model: The candidate selection and the phrase scoring. For the latter step we characterized the differences by four key aspects. We performed experiments on two different tasks of speech translation and analyzed the influence of the different aspects on the overall translation quality. On both tasks we could show significant improvements by using the presented adaptation techniques.

null

74,958

inproceedings

meyer-etal-2012-machine

Machine Translation of Labeled Discourse Connectives

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.20/

Meyer, Thomas and Popescu-Belis, Andrei and Hajlaoui, Najeh and Gesmundo, Andrea

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper shows how the disambiguation of discourse connectives can improve their automatic translation, while preserving the overall performance of statistical MT as measured by BLEU. State-of-the-art automatic classifiers for rhetorical relations are used prior to MT to label discourse connectives that signal those relations. These labels are used for MT in two ways: (1) by augmenting factored translation models; and (2) by using the probability distributions of labels in order to train and tune SMT. The improvement of translation quality is demonstrated using a new semi-automated metric for discourse connectives, on the English/French WMT10 data, while BLEU scores remain comparable to non-discourse-aware systems, due to the low frequency of discourse connectives.

null

74,959

inproceedings

shah-etal-2012-general

A General Framework to Weight Heterogeneous Parallel Data for Model Adaptation in Statistical {MT}

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.21/

Shah, Kashif and Barrault, Lo{\"ic and Schwenk, Holger

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

The standard procedure to train the translation model of a phrase-based SMT system is to concatenate all available parallel data, to perform word alignment, to extract phrase pairs and to calculate translation probabilities by simple relative frequency. However, parallel data is quite inhomogeneous in many practical applications with respect to several factors like data source, alignment quality, appropriateness to the task, etc. We propose a general framework to take into account these factors during the calculation of the phrase-table, e.g. by better distributing the probability mass of the individual phrase pairs. No additional feature functions are needed. We report results on two well-known tasks: the IWSLT`11 and WMT`11 evaluations, in both conditions translating from English to French. We give detailed results for different functions to weight the bitexts. Our best systems improve a strong baseline by up to one BLEU point without any impact on the computational complexity during training or decoding.

null

74,960

inproceedings

federico-etal-2012-measuring

Measuring User Productivity in Machine Translation Enhanced Computer Assisted Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.22/

Federico, Marcello and Cattelan, Alessandro and Trombetti, Marco

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper addresses the problem of reliably measuring productivity gains by professional translators working with a machine translation enhanced computer assisted translation tool. In particular, we report on a field test we carried out with a commercial CAT tool in which translation memory matches were supplemented with suggestions from a commercial machine translation engine. The field test was conducted with 12 professional translators working on real translation projects. Productivity of translators were measured with two indicators, post-editing speed and post-editing effort, on two translation directions, English{--}Italian and English{--}German, and two linguistic domains, legal and information technology. Besides a detailed statistical analysis of the experimental results, we also discuss issues encountered in running the test.

null

74,961

inproceedings

federmann-2012-hybrid

Hybrid Machine Translation Using Joint, Binarised Feature Vectors

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.23/

Federmann, Christian

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

We present an approach for Hybrid Machine Translation, based on a Machine-Learning framework. Our method combines output from several source systems. We first define an extensible, total order on translations and use it to estimate a ranking on the sentence level for a given set of systems. We introduce and define the notion of joint, binarised feature vectors. We train an SVM-based classifier and show how its classification results can be used to create hybrid translations. We describe a series of oracle experiments on data sets from the WMT11 translation task in order to find an upper bound regarding the achievable level of translation quality. We also present results from first experiments with an implemented version of our system. Evaluation using NIST and BLEU metrics indicates that the proposed method can outperform its individual source systems. An interesting finding is that our approach allows to leverage good translations from otherwise bad systems as the translation quality estimation is based on sentence-level phenomena rather than corpus-level metrics. We conclude by summarising our findings and by giving an outlook to future work.

null

74,962

inproceedings

roturier-etal-2012-using

Using Automatic Machine Translation Metrics to Analyze the Impact of Source Reformulations

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.24/

Roturier, Johann and Mitchell, Linda and Grabowski, Robert and Siegel, Melanie

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper investigates the usefulness of automatic machine translation metrics when analyzing the impact of source reformulations on the quality of machine-translated user generated content. We propose a novel framework to quickly identify rewriting rules which improve or degrade the quality of MT output, by trying to rely on automatic metrics rather than human judgments. We find that this approach allows us to quickly identify overlapping rules between two language pairs (English- French and English-German) and specific cases where the rules' precision could be improved.

null

74,963

inproceedings

rayner-etal-2012-using

Using Source-Language Transformations to Address Register Mismatches in {SMT}

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.25/

Rayner, Manny and Bouillon, Pierrette and Haddow, Barry

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

Mismatches between training and test data are a ubiquitous problem for real SMT applications. In this paper, we examine a type of mismatch that commonly arises when translating from French and similar languages: available training data is mostly formal register, but test data may well be informal register. We consider methods for defining surface transformations that map common informal language constructions into their formal language counterparts, or vice versa; we then describe two ways to use these mappings, either to create artificial training data or to pre-process source text at run-time. An initial evaluation performed using crowd-sourced comparisons of alternate translations produced by a French-to-English SMT system suggests that both methods can improve performance, with run-time pre-processing being the more effective of the two.

null

74,964

inproceedings

samad-zadeh-kaljahi-etal-2012-detailed

A Detailed Analysis of Phrase-based and Syntax-based {MT}: The Search for Systematic Differences

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.27/

Samad Zadeh Kaljahi, Rasoul and Rubino, Raphael and Roturier, Johann and Foster, Jennifer

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

This paper describes a range of automatic and manual comparisons of phrase-based and syntax-based statistical machine translation methods applied to English-German and English-French translation of user-generated content. The syntax-based methods underperform the phrase-based models and the relaxation of syntactic constraints to broaden translation rule coverage means that these models do not necessarily generate output which is more grammatical than the output produced by the phrase-based models. Although the systems generate different output and can potentially be fruitfully combined, the lack of systematic difference between these models makes the combination task more challenging.

null

74,966

inproceedings

johnson-2012-conditional

Conditional Significance Pruning: Discarding More of Huge Phrase Tables

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.28/

Johnson, Howard

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

The technique of pruning phrase tables that are used for statistical machine translation (SMT) can achieve substantial reductions in bulk and improve translation quality, especially for very large corpora such at the Giga-FrEn. This can be further improved by conditioning each significance test on other phrase pair co-occurrence counts resulting in an additional reduction in size and increase in BLEU score. A series of experiments using Moses and the WMT11 corpora for French to English have been performed to quantify the improvement. By adhering strictly to the recommendations for the WMT11 baseline system, a strong reproducible research baseline was employed.

null

74,967

inproceedings

yang-kirchhoff-2012-unsupervised

Unsupervised Translation Disambiguation for Cross-Domain Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-papers.29/

Yang, Mei and Kirchhoff, Katrin

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

null

Most attempts at integrating word sense disambiguation with statistical machine translation have focused on supervised disambiguation approaches. These approaches are of limited use when the distribution of the test data differs strongly from that of the training data; however, word sense errors tend to be especially common under these conditions. In this paper we present different approaches to unsupervised word translation disambiguation and apply them to the problem of translating conversational speech under resource-poor training conditions. Both human and automatic evaluation metrics demonstrate significant improvements resulting from our technique.

null

74,968

inproceedings

chen-etal-2012-integrating

Integrating {MT} with Digital Collections for Multilingual Information Access

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.1/

Chen, Jiangping and Agozu, Olajumoke and Zhao, Wenqian and Lien, Cheng Chieh and Knudson, Ryan and Zhang, Ying

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

This paper describes the role of machine translation (MT) for multilingual information access, a service that is desired by digital libraries that wish to provide cross-cultural access to their collections. To understand the performance of MT, we have developed HeMT: an integrated multilingual evaluation platform (\url{http://txcdk-v10.unt.edu/HeMT/}) to facilitate human evaluation of machine translation. The results of human evaluation using HeMT on three online MT services are reported. Challenges and benefits of crowdsourcing and collaboration based on our experience are discussed. Additionally, we present the analysis of the translation errors and propose Multi-engine MT strategies to improve translation performance.

null

74,969

inproceedings

demizu-holland-2012-linguists

Linguists Love Art and Management Loves Efficiency {--} Can {MT} be the Solution?

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.2/

Demizu, Sachiyo and Holland, Mike

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

How to achieve the optimal balance of quality and cost when the need for translation is sky-rocketing? Can machine translation be the solution? What system to choose? Finding the right MT solution for your organization is not easy. In this paper, we would like to share our experience at Nikon Precision Inc. in quest of the right tool, focusing on rule-based Japanese MT software and the results of a small pilot project, together with our plans for the future and the challenges we are facing.

null

74,970

inproceedings

doherty-etal-2012-taking

Taking Statistical Machine Translation to the Student Translator

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.3/

Doherty, Stephen and Kenny, Dorothy and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Despite the growth of statistical machine translation (SMT) research and development in recent years, it remains somewhat out of reach for the translation community where programming expertise and knowledge of statistics tend not to be commonplace. While the concept of SMT is relatively straightforward, its implementation in functioning systems remains difficult for most, regardless of expertise. More recently, however, developments such as SmartMATE have emerged which aim to assist users in creating their own customized SMT systems and thus reduce the learning curve associated with SMT. In addition to commercial uses, translator training stands to benefit from such increased levels of inclusion and access to state-of-the-art approaches to MT. In this paper we draw on experience in developing and evaluating a new syllabus in SMT for a cohort of post-graduate student translators: we identify several issues encountered in the introduction of student translators to SMT, and report on data derived from repeated measures questionnaires that aim to capture data on students' self-efficacy in the use of SMT. Overall, results show that participants report significant increases in their levels of confidence and knowledge of MT in general, and of SMT in particular. Additional benefits {--} such as increased technical competence and confidence {--} and future refinements are also discussed.

null

74,971

inproceedings

doherty-obrien-2012-user

A User-Based Usability Assessment of Raw Machine Translated Technical Instructions

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.4/

Doherty, Stephen and O{'}Brien, Sharon

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

This paper reports on a project whose aims are to investigate the usability of raw machine translated technical support documentation for a commercial online file storage service. Following the ISO/TR 16982 definition of usability - goal completion, satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency - comparisons are drawn for all measures between the original user documentation written in English for a well-known online file storage service and raw machine translated output in four target languages: Spanish, French, German and Japanese. Using native speakers for each language, we found significant differences between the source and MT output for three out of the four measures: goal completion, efficiency and user satisfaction. This leads to a tentative conclusion that there is a difference in usability between well-formed content and raw machine translated content, and we suggest avenues for further work.

null

74,972

inproceedings

dove-etal-2012-whats

What`s Your Pick: {R}b{MT}, {SMT} or Hybrid?

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.5/

Dove, Catherine and Loskutova, Olga and de la Fuente, Ruben

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

All types of Machine Translation technologies have pros and cons. At PayPal, we have been working with MT for 3 years (2 of them in a production environment). The aim of this paper is to share our experience and discuss strengths and weaknesses for Rule-based Machine Translation, Statistical Machine Translation and Hybrid Machine Translation. We will also share pointers for successful implementation of any of these technologies.

null

74,973

inproceedings

farzindar-khreich-2012-evaluation

Evaluation of Domain Adaptation Techniques for {TRANSLI} in a Real-World Environment

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.6/

Farzindar, Atefeh and Khreich, Wael

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems specialized for one domain often perform poorly when applied to other domains. Domain adaptation techniques allow SMT models trained from a source domain with abundant data to accommodate different target domains with limited data. This paper evaluates the performance of two adaptive techniques based on log-linear and mixture models on data from the legal domain in real-world settings. Performance evaluation includes post-editing time and effort required by a professional post-editor to improve the quality of machine-generated translations to meet industry standards, as well as traditional automated scoring techniques (BLEU scores). Results indicates that the domain adaptation techniques can yield a significant increase in BLEU score (up to three points) and a significant reduction in post-editing time of about one second per word in an operational environment.

null

74,974

inproceedings

gibbs-didamo-2012-lsp

An {LSP} Perspective: Business {\&} Process Challenges Implementing {MT} Solutions: Is {MT} Delivering Expected Value?

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.7/

Gibbs, Rustin and DiDamo, Joe

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Machine translation resurfaced as a viable business solution about 5 years ago, with much hype. With the amount of content requiring translation, and a mellowing of user expectations about translation quality, it seemed there was real business value in developing machine translation solutions. Since then, however, the discounts offered to enterprise customers have remained stubbornly meager in the 10-20{\%} range, with high, up-front costs{---}far from the anticipated savings. This paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered in the value chain between customer and Language Service Provider (LSP) which keep translation costs high and limit machine translation adoption, discusses existing and potential solutions to these challenges, and offers suggestions on how to enlist the support of the LSP and freelance translator community to address these challenges.

null

74,975

inproceedings

jiang-etal-2012-translating-user

Translating User-Generated Content in the Social Networking Space

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.8/

Jiang, Jie and Way, Andy and Haque, Rejwanul

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

This paper presents a case-study of work done by Applied Language Solutions (ALS) for a large social networking provider who claim to have built the world`s first multi-language social network, where Internet users from all over the world can communicate in languages that are available in the system. In an initial phase, the social networking provider contracted ALS to build Machine Translation (MT) engines for twelve language-pairs: Russian{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}English, Russian{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}Turkish, Russian{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}Arabic, Turkish{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}English, Turkish{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}Arabic and Arabic{\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}}English. All of the input data is user-generated content, so we faced a number of problems in building large-scale, robust, high-quality engines. Primarily, much of the source-language data is of {\textquoteleft}poor' or at least {\textquoteleft}non-standard' quality. This comes in many forms: (i) content produced by non-native speakers, (ii) content produced by native speakers containing non-deliberate typos, or (iii) content produced by native speakers which deliberately departs from spelling norms to bring about some linguistic effect. Accordingly, in addition to the {\textquoteleft}regular' pre-processing techniques used in the building of our statistical MT systems, we needed to develop routines to deal with all these scenarios. In this paper, we describe how we handle shortforms, acronyms, typos, punctuation errors, non-dictionary slang, wordplay, censor avoidance and emoticons. We demonstrate automatic evaluation scores on the social network data, together with insights from the the social networking provider regarding some of the typical errors made by the MT engines, and how we managed to correct these in the engines.

null

74,976

inproceedings

lopez-2012-managing

Managing Change when Implementing {MT} Systems

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.9/

Lopez, Michel

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Managing large scale MT post-editing projects is a challenging endeavor. From securing linguists buy-in to ensuring consistency of the output, it is important to develop a set of specific processes and tools that facilitate this task. Drawing from years of experience in such projects, we will attempt here to describe the challenges associated to the management of such projects and to define best practices.

null

74,977

inproceedings

lu-paladini-adell-2012-beyond

Beyond {MT}: Source Content Quality and Process Automation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.10/

Lu, Jenny and Paladini Adell, Patricia

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

This document introduces the strategy implemented at CA Technologies to exploit Machine Translation (MT) at the corporate-wide level. We will introduce the different approaches followed to further improve the quality of the output of the machine translation engine once the engines have reached a maximum level of customization. Senior team support, clear communication between the parties involved and improvement measurement are the key components for the success of the initiative.

null

74,978

inproceedings

matusov-2012-incremental

Incremental Re-Training of a Hybrid {E}nglish-{F}rench {MT} System with Customer Translation Memory Data

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.11/

Matusov, Evgeny

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

In this paper, we present SAIC`s hybrid machine translation (MT) system and show how it was adapted to the needs of our customer {--} a major global fashion company. The adaptation was performed in two ways: off-line selection of domain-relevant parallel and monolingual data from a background database, as well as on-line incremental adaptation with customer parallel and translation memory data. The translation memory was integrated into the statistical search using two novel features. We show that these features can be used to produce nearly perfect translations of data that fully or to a large extent partially matches the TM entries, without sacrificing on the translation quality of the data without TM matches. We also describe how the human post-editing effort was reduced due to significantly better MT quality after adaptation, but also due to improved formatting and readability of the MT output.

null

74,979

inproceedings

muntes-mulero-etal-2012-multiplying

Multiplying the Potential of Crowdsourcing with Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.12/

Munt{\'e}s-Mulero, Victor and Paladini Adell, Patricia and Sol{\'e}, Marc and Manzoor, Jawad

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Machine Translation (MT) is said to be the next lingua franca. With the evolution of new technologies and the capacity to produce a humungous number of written digital documents, human translators will not be able to translate documentation fast enough. However, some applications require a level of quality that is still beyond that provided by MT. Thanks to the increased capacity of communication provided by new technologies, people can also interact and collaborate to work remotely. With this, crowd computing is becoming more common and it has been proposed as a feasible solution for translation. In this paper, we discuss about the relationship between crowdsourcing and MT, and the main challenges for the MT community to multiply the potential of the crowd.

null

74,980

inproceedings

plesco-rychtyckyi-2012-machine

Machine Translation as a Global Enterprise Service at Ford

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.13/

Plesco, Craig and Rychtyckyi, Nestor

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Ford Motor Company is at the forefront of the global economy and with this comes the need for communicating with regional manufacturing staff and plant employees in their own languages. Asian employees, in particular, do not necessarily learn English as a second language as is often the case in European countries, so manufacturing systems are now mandated to support local languages. This support is required for plant floor system applications where static data (labels, menus, and messages) as well as dynamic data (user entered controlled and free text) is required to be translated from/to English and the local languages. This facilitates commonization of business methods where best practices can be shared globally between plant and staff members. In this paper and presentation, we will describe our experiences in bringing Machine Translation technology to a large multinational corporation such as Ford and discuss the lessons we learned as well as both the successes and failures we have experienced.

null

74,981

inproceedings

richardson-2012-using

Using the {M}icrosoft Translator Hub at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.14/

Richardson, Stephen D.

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints undertook an extensive effort at the beginning of this year to deploy machine translation (MT) in the translation workflow for the content on its principal website, www.lds.org. The objective of this effort is to reduce by at least 50{\%} the time required by human translators to translate English content into nine other languages and publish it on this site. This paper documents the experience to date, including selection of the MT system, preparation and use of data to customize the system, initial deployment of the system in the Church`s translation workflow, post-editing training for translators, the resulting productivity improvements, and plans for future deployments.

null

74,982

inproceedings

sawaf-2012-automatic

Automatic Speech Recognition {\&} Hybrid {MT} for {HQ} Closed-Captioning {\&} Subtitling for Video Broadcast

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.15/

Sawaf, Hassan

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

We describe a system to rapidly generate high-quality closed captions and subtitles for live broadcasted TV shows, using automated components, namely Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation. The human stays in the loop for quality assurance and optional post-editing. We also describe how the system feeds the human edits and corrections back into the different components for improvement of these components and with that of the overall system. We finally describe the operation of this system in a real life environment within a broadcast network, where we implemented the system to transcribe, process broadcast transmissions and generate high-quality closed captions in Arabic and translate these into English subtitles in short time.

null

74,983

inproceedings

seligman-dillinger-2012-spoken

Spoken Language Translation: Three Business Opportunities

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.16/

Seligman, Mark and Dillinger, Mike

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

This paper reports on three business opportunities encountered by Spoken Translation, Inc., a developer of software systems for automatic spoken translation: (1) a healthcare organization needing improved communications between limited-English patients and their caregivers; (2) a networking and communications firm aiming to add UN-style simultaneous interpreting to their telepresence facilities; and (3) the retail arm of a device manufacturer hoping to enable more effective in-store consulting for customers with imperfect command of an outlet`s native language. None of these openings has yet led to substantial business, but one remains in negotiation. We describe how the business introductions came to us; the proposed use cases; demonstrations, presentations, tests, etc.; and issues/challenges. We also comment on early consumer-oriented products for spoken language translation. The aim is to provide a snapshot of one company`s business possibilities and challenges at the dawn of the era of automatic interpreting.

null

74,984

inproceedings

tinsley-etal-2012-iptranslator

{IPT}ranslator: Facilitating Patent Search with Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-commercial.17/

Tinsley, John and Ceausu, Alexandru and Zhang, Jian and Depraetere, Heidi and Van de Walle, Joeri

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Commercial MT User Program

null

Intellectual Property professionals frequently need to carry out patent searches for a variety of reasons. During a typical search, they will retrieve approximately 30{\%} of their results in a foreign language. The machine translation (MT) options currently available to patent searchers for these foreign-language patents vary in their quality, consistency, and general level of service. In this article, we introduce IPTranslator; an MT web service designed to cater for the needs of patent searchers. At the core of IPTranslator is a set of MT systems developed specifically for translating patent text. We describe the challenges faced in adapting MT technology to such a complex domain, and how the systems were evaluated to ensure that the quality was fit for purpose. Finally, we present the framework through which the IPTranslator service is delivered to users, and the value-adding features which address many of the issues with existing solutions.

null

74,985

inproceedings

bemish-simmons-2012-panel

Panel Discussion Topic: Return on Investment for Human Language Technology in the {U}.{S}. Government

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.2/

Bemish, Nicholas and Simmons, Charles

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

Government agencies are investing in MT to boost production, but the future funding picture is uncertain. Decision makers (Congress, OMB, IC leadership) want evidence (quantitative/qualitative) of value for investments. Agencies can use positive ROIs to defend MT investment budgets, plans, and programs, but the information needs to be more than anecdotal.

null

74,988

inproceedings

colbath-2012-language

Language and Translation Challenges in Social Media

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.3/

Colbath, Sean

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

The explosive growth of social media has led to a wide range of new challenges for machine translation and language processing. The language used in social media occupies a new space between structured and unstructured media, formal and informal language, and dialect and standard usage. Yet these new platforms have given a digital voice to millions of user on the Internet, giving them the opportunity to communicate on the first truly global stage {--} the Internet. Social media covers a broad category of communications formats, ranging from threaded conversations on Facebook, to microblog and short message content on platforms like Twitter and Weibo {--} but it also includes user-generated comments on YouTube, as well as the contents of the video itself, and even includes {\textquoteleft}traditional' blogs and forums. The common thread linking all of these is that the media is generated by, and is targeted at individuals. This talk will survey some of the most popular social media platforms, and identify key challenges in translating the content found in them {--} including dialect, code switching, mixed encodings, the use of {\textquotedblleft}internet speak{\textquotedblright}, and platform-specific language phenomena, as well as volume and genre. In addition, we will talk about some of the challenges in analyzing social media from an operational point of view, and how language and translation issues influence higher-level analytic processes such as entity extraction, topic classification and clustering, geo-spatial analysis and other technologies that enable comprehension of social media. These latter capabilities are being adapted for social media analytics for US Government analysts under the support of the Technical Support Working Group at the US DoD, enabling translingual comprehension of this style of content in an operational environment.

null

74,989

inproceedings

egan-2012-machine

Machine Translation Revisited: An Operational Reality Check

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.5/

Egan, Kathleen

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

The government and the research community have strived for the past few decades to develop machine translation capabilities. Historically, DARPA took the lead in the grand challenge aiming at surpassing human translation quality. While we have made strides from rule based, to statistical and hybrid machine translation engines, we cannot rely solely on machine translation to overcome the language barrier and accomplish the mission. Machine Translation is often misunderstood or misplaced in the operational settings as expectations are unrealistic and optimization not achieved. With the increase in volume, variety and velocity of data, new paradigms are needed when choosing machine translation software and embedding it into a business process so as to achieve the operational goals. The talk will focus on the operational requirements and frame where, when and how to use machine translation. We will also outline some gaps and suggest new areas for research, development, and implementation.

null

74,991

inproceedings

flather-2012-sharpening

Sharpening the Claws on {CAT} Tools: Increase Quality {\&} Production, Maximize Limited Resources

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.6/

Flather, Jennifer

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

Making the right connections hinges on linking data from disparate sources. Frequently the link may be a person or place, so something as simple as a mistranslated name will cause a search to miss relevant documents. To swiftly and accurately exploit a growing flood of foreign language information acquired for the defense of the nation, Intelligence Community (IC) linguists and analysts need assistance in both translation accuracy and productivity. The name translation and standardizing component of a Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) tool such as the Highlight language analysis suite ensures fast and reliable translation of names from Arabic, Dari, Farsi, and Pashto according to a number of government transliteration standards. Highlight improves efficiency and maximizes the utilization of scarce human resources.

null

74,992

inproceedings

klavans-2012-government

Government Catalog of Language Resources ({GCLR})

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.8/

Klavans, Judith

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss recent efforts within the government to address issues of evaluation and return on investment. Pressure to demonstrate value has increased with the growing amount of foreign language information available, with the variety of languages needing to be exploited, and with the increasing gaps between numbers of language-enabled people and the amount of work to be done. This pressure is only growing as budgets shrink, and as global development grows. Over the past year, the ODNI has led an effort to pull together different government stakeholders to determine some baseline standards for determining Return on Investment via task-based evaluation. Stakeholder consensus on major HLT tasks has involved examination of the different approaches to determining return on investment and how it relates use of HLT in the workflow. In addition to reporting on the goals and progress of this group, we will present future directions and invite community input.

null

74,994

inproceedings

marcu-2012-new

A New Method for Automatic Translation Scoring-{H}y{TER}

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.9/

Marcu, Daniel

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

It is common knowledge that translation is an ambiguous, 1-to-n mapping process, but to date, our community has produced no empirical estimates of this ambiguity. We have developed an annotation tool that enables us to create representations that compactly encode an exponential number of correct translations for a sentence. Our findings show that naturally occurring sentences have billions of translations. Having access to such large sets of meaning-equivalent translations enables us to develop a new metric, HyTER, for translation accuracy. We show that our metric provides better estimates of machine and human translation accuracy than alternative evaluation metrics using data from the most recent Open MT NIST evaluation and we discuss how HyTER representations can be used to inform a data-driven inquiry into natural language semantics.

null

74,995

inproceedings

marsh-2012-return

Return on Investment for Government Human Language Technology Systems

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.10/

Marsh, Elaine

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

Over the years, the government has translated reams of material, transcribed decades of audio, and processed years of text. Where is that material now? How valuable would it be to have that material available to push research and applications and to support foreign language training? Over 20 years ago, DARPA funded the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) at the University of Pennsylvania to collect, catalog, store and provide access to language resources. Since that time, the LDC has collected thousands of corpora in many different genres and languages. Although the government has access to the full range of LDC data through a community license, until recently corpora specific to government needs were usually deleted soon after they were created. In order to address the need for a government-only catalog and repository, the Government Catalog of Language Resources was funded through the ODNI, and an initial prototype has been built. The GCLR will be transferred to a government executive agent who will be responsible for making improvements, adding corpora, and maintaining and sustaining the effort. The purpose of this talk is to present the model behind GCLR, to demonstrate its purpose, and to invite attendees to contribute and use contents. Background leading up to the current version will be presented. Use cases of parallel corpora in teaching, technology development and language maintenance will also be covered. Learning from the LDC on how corpora are used, and linking with the LDC will be part of future directions to enable government applications to utilize these resources.

null

74,996

inproceedings

young-2012-reversing

Reversing the Palladius Mapping of {C}hinese Names in {R}ussian Text

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-government.13/

Young, Katherine

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government MT User Program

null

We present the Reverse Palladius (RevP) program developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory`s Speech and Communication Research, Engineering, Analysis, and Modeling (SCREAM) Laboratory for the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC). The RevP program assists the linguist in correcting the transliteration of Mandarin Chinese names during the Russian to English translation process. Chinese names cause problems for transliteration, because Russian writers follow a specific Palladius mapping for Chinese sounds. Typical machine translation of Russian into English then applies standard transliteration of the Russian sounds in these names, producing errors that require hand-correction. For example, the Chinese name Zhai Zhigang is written in Cyrillic as {\CYRCH}{\cyrzh}{\cyra}{\cyrishrt} {\CYRCH}{\cyrzh}{\cyri}{\cyrg}{\cyra}{\cyrn}, and standard transliteration via Systran renders this into English as Chzhay Chzhigan. In contrast, the RevP program uses rules that reverse the Palladius mapping, yielding the correct form Zhai Zhigang. When using the RevP program, the linguist opens a Russian document and selects a Chinese name for transliteration. The rule-based algorithm proposes a reverse Palladius transliteration, as well as a stemmed option if the word terminates in a possible Russian inflection. The linguist confirms the appropriate version of the name, and the program both corrects the current instance and stores the information for future use. The resulting list of name mappings can be used to pre-translate names in new documents, either via stand-alone operation of the RevP program, or through compilation of the list as a Systran user dictionary. The RevP program saves time by removing the need for post-editing of Chinese names, and improves consistency in the translation of these names. The user dictionary becomes more useful over time, further reducing the time required for translation of new documents.

null

74,999

inproceedings

dillinger-marciano-2012-introduction

Introduction to Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-tutorials.1/

Dillinger, Mike and Marciano, Jay

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Tutorials

null

This tutorial is for people who are beginning to evaluate how well machine translation will fit their needs or who are curious to know more about how it is used. We assume no previous knowledge of machine translation. We focus on background knowledge that will help you both get more out of the rest of AMTA2010 and to make better decisions about how to invest in machine translation. Past participants have ranged from tech writers and freelance translators who want to keep up to date to VPs and CEOs who are evaluating technology strategies for their organizations. The main topics for discussion are common FAQs about MT (Can machines really translate? Can we fire our translators now?) and limitations (Why is the output so bad? What is MT good for?), workflow (Why buy MT if it`s free on the internet? What other kinds of translation automation are there? How do we use it?), return on investment (How much does MT cost? How can we convince our bosses to buy MT?), and steps to deployment (Which MT system should we buy? What do we do next?).

null

75,000

inproceedings

barraza-2012-increasing

Increasing Localization Efficiency with {SYSTRAN} Hybrid {MT} Products

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-tutorials.2/

Barraza, John Paul

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Tutorials

null

This session will cover how to increase localization efficiency with a SYSTRAN desktop product and a server solution. First we will demonstrate how to integrate MT in a localization workflow, interaction with TM matching tools, hands-on MT customization using various tools and dictionaries, and final post-edition using SYSTRAN Premium Translator, a desktop product. We will also walk through the complete cycle of automatic quality improvement using SYSTRAN Training Server, part of the Enterprise Server 7 suite. It covers managing bilingual and monolingual data using Corpus Manager, training hybrid or statistical translation models with Training Manager, and evaluating quality using automatic scoring and side-by-side translation comparison. It also includes other useful tools that automatically extract and validate dictionary entries, and create TMs from unaligned bilingual sentences automatically. Finally, localization efficiency with or without MT integration/customization is compared with the actual cost benefits.

null

75,001

inproceedings

habash-2012-mt

{MT} and {A}rabic Language Issues

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-tutorials.3/

Habash, Nizar

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Tutorials

null

Arabic poses many interesting challenges to machine translation: ambiguous orthography, rich morphology, complex morpho-syntactic behavior, and numerous dialects. In this tutorial, we introduce the most important themes of challenges and solutions for people working on translation from/to Arabic or any of its dialects. The tutorial is intended for researchers and developers working on MT. The discussion of linguistic issues and how they are addressed in MT will help linguists and professional translators understand the issues machine translation faces when dealing with Arabic and other morphologically rich languages. The tutorial does not expect the attendees to be able to speak/read/write Arabic.

null

75,002

inproceedings

koehn-hoang-2012-open

Open Source Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 28-" # nov # " 1"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-tutorials.5/

Koehn, Philipp and Hoang, Hieu

Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Tutorials

null

If you are interested in open-source machine translation but lack hands-on experience, this is the tutorial for you! We will start with background knowledge of statistical machine translation and then walk you through the process of installing and running an SMT system. We will show you how to prepare input data, and the most efficient way to train and use your translation systems. We shall also discuss solutions to some of the most common issues that face LSPs when using SMT, including how to tailor systems to specific clients, preserving document layout and formatting, and efficient ways of incorporating new translation memories. Previous years' participants have included software engineers and managers who need to have a detailed understanding of the SMT process. This is a fast-paced, hands-on tutorial that will cover the skills you need to get you up and running with open-source SMT. The teaching will be based on the Moses toolkit, the most popular open-source machine translation software currently available. No prior knowledge of MT is necessary, only an interest in it. A laptop is required for this tutorial, and you should have rudimentary knowledge of using the command line on Windows or Linux.

null

75,004

inproceedings

carl-2012-critt

The {CRITT} {TPR}-{DB} 1.0: A Database for Empirical Human Translation Process Research

O'Brien, Sharon and Simard, Michel and Specia, Lucia

oct # " 28"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-wptp.1/

Carl, Michael

Workshop on Post-Editing Technology and Practice

null

This paper introduces a publicly available database of recorded translation sessions for Translation Process Research (TPR). User activity data (UAD) of translators behavior was collected over the past 5 years in several translation studies with Translog 1 , a data acquisition software which logs keystrokes and gaze data during text reception and production. The database compiles this data into a consistent format which can be processed by various visualization and analysis tools.

null

75,007

inproceedings

koponen-etal-2012-post

Post-editing time as a measure of cognitive effort

O'Brien, Sharon and Simard, Michel and Specia, Lucia

oct # " 28"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-wptp.2/

Koponen, Maarit and Aziz, Wilker and Ramos, Luciana and Specia, Lucia

Workshop on Post-Editing Technology and Practice

null

Post-editing machine translations has been attracting increasing attention both as a common practice within the translation industry and as a way to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) quality via edit distance metrics between the MT and its post-edited version. Commonly used metrics such as HTER are limited in that they cannot fully capture the effort required for post-editing. Particularly, the cognitive effort required may vary for different types of errors and may also depend on the context. We suggest post-editing time as a way to assess some of the cognitive effort involved in post-editing. This paper presents two experiments investigating the connection between post-editing time and cognitive effort. First, we examine whether sentences with long and short post-editing times involve edits of different levels of difficulty. Second, we study the variability in post-editing time and other statistics among editors.

null

75,008

inproceedings

lacruz-etal-2012-average

Average Pause Ratio as an Indicator of Cognitive Effort in Post-Editing: A Case Study

O'Brien, Sharon and Simard, Michel and Specia, Lucia

oct # " 28"

2012

San Diego, California, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2012.amta-wptp.3/

Lacruz, Isabel and Shreve, Gregory M. and Angelone, Erik

Workshop on Post-Editing Technology and Practice

null

Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and in translation. However, a previous effort by O`Brien (2006) to establish an analogous relationship in post-editing did not produce the expected result. In this case study, we introduce a metric for pause activity, the average pause ratio, which is sensitive to both the number and duration of pauses. We measured cognitive effort in a segment by counting the number of complete editing events. We found that the average pause ratio was higher for less cognitively demanding segments than for more cognitively demanding segments. Moreover, this effect became more pronounced as the minimum threshold for pause length was shortened.

null

75,009