polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

gaspari-2006-added

The Added Value of Free Online {MT} Services

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.6/

Gaspari, Federico

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

46--55

This paper reports on an experiment investigating how effective free online machine translation (MT) is in helping Internet users to access the contents of websites written only in languages they do not know. This study explores the extent to which using Internet-based MT tools affects the confidence of web-surfers in the reliability of the information they find on websites available only in languages unfamiliar to them. The results of a case study for the language pair Italian-English involving 101 participants show that the chances of identifying correctly basic information (i.e. understanding the nature of websites and finding contact telephone numbers from their web-pages) are consistently enhanced to varying degrees (up to nearly 20{\%}) by translating online content into a familiar language. In addition, confidence ratings given by users to the reliability and accuracy of the information they find are significantly higher (with increases between 5 and 11{\%}) when they translate websites into their preferred language with free online MT services.

null

88,545

inproceedings

habash-etal-2006-challenges

Challenges in Building an {A}rabic-{E}nglish {GHMT} System with {SMT} Components

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.7/

Habash, Nizar and Dorr, Bonnie and Monz, Christof

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

56--65

The research context of this paper is developing hybrid machine translation (MT) systems that exploit the advantages of linguistic rule-based and statistical MT systems. Arabic, as a morphologically rich language, is especially challenging even without addressing the hybridization question. In this paper, we describe the challenges in building an Arabic-English generation-heavy machine translation (GHMT) system and boosting it with statistical machine translation (SMT) components. We present an extensive evaluation of multiple system variants and report positive results on the advantages of hybridization.

null

88,546

inproceedings

huang-etal-2006-statistical

Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.8/

Huang, Liang and Knight, Kevin and Joshi, Aravind

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

66--73

In syntax-directed translation, the source-language input is first parsed into a parse-tree, which is then recursively converted into a string in the target-language. We model this conversion by an extended tree-to-string transducer that has multi-level trees on the source-side, which gives our system more expressive power and flexibility. We also define a direct probability model and use a linear-time dynamic programming algorithm to search for the best derivation. The model is then extended to the general log-linear frame-work in order to incorporate other features like n-gram language models. We devise a simple-yet-effective algorithm to generate non-duplicate k-best translations for n-gram rescoring. Preliminary experiments on English-to-Chinese translation show a significant improvement in terms of translation quality compared to a state-of-the- art phrase-based system.

null

88,547

inproceedings

hwa-etal-2006-corpus

Corpus Variations for Translation Lexicon Induction

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.9/

Hwa, Rebecca and Nichols, Carol and Sima{'}an, Khalil

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

74--81

Lexical mappings (word translations) between languages are an invaluable resource for multilingual processing. While the problem of extracting lexical mappings from parallel corpora is well-studied, the task is more challenging when the language samples are from non-parallel corpora. The goal of this work is to investigate one such scenario: finding lexical mappings between dialects of a diglossic language, in which people conduct their written communications in a prestigious formal dialect, but they communicate verbally in a colloquial dialect. Because the two dialects serve different socio-linguistic functions, parallel corpora do not naturally exist between them. An example of a diglossic dialect pair is Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Levantine Arabic. In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of a standard algorithm for inducing lexical mappings between comparable corpora (Rapp, 1999) to such diglossic corpora pairs. The focus of the paper is an in-depth error analysis, exploring the notion of relatedness in diglossic corpora and scrutinizing the effects of various dimensions of relatedness (such as mode, topic, style, and statistics) on the quality of the resulting translation lexicon.

null

88,548

inproceedings

jones-etal-2006-toward

Toward an Interagency Language Roundtable Based Assessment of Speech-to-Speech Translation Capabilities

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.10/

Jones, Douglas and Anderson, Timothy and Atwell, Sabine and Delaney, Brian and Dirgin, James and Emots, Michael and Granoein, Neil and Herzog, Martha and Hunter, Timothy and Jabri, Sargon and Shen, Wade and Sottung, Jurgen

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

82--89

We present observations from three exercises designed to map the effective listening and speaking skills of an operator of a speech-to-speech translation system (S2S) to the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) scale. Such a mapping is non-trivial, but will be useful for government and military decision makers in managing expectations of S2S technology. We observed domain-dependent S2S capabilities in the ILR range of Level 0+ to Level 1, and interactive text-based machine translation in the Level 3 range.

null

88,549

inproceedings

lopez-resnik-2006-word

Word-Based Alignment, Phrase-Based Translation: What`s the Link?

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.11/

Lopez, Adam and Resnik, Philip

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

90--99

State-of-the-art statistical machine translation is based on alignments between phrases {--} sequences of words in the source and target sentences. The learning step in these systems often relies on alignments between words. It is often assumed that the quality of this word alignment is critical for translation. However, recent results suggest that the relationship between alignment quality and translation quality is weaker than previously thought. We investigate this question directly, comparing the impact of high-quality alignments with a carefully constructed set of degraded alignments. In order to tease apart various interactions, we report experiments investigating the impact of alignments on different aspects of the system. Our results confirm a weak correlation, but they also illustrate that more data and better feature engineering may be more beneficial than better alignment.

null

88,550

inproceedings

mcnamee-mayfield-2006-translation

Translation of Multiword Expressions Using Parallel Suffix Arrays

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.12/

McNamee, Paul and Mayfield, James

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

100--109

Accurately translating multiword expressions is important to obtain good performance in machine translation, cross-language information retrieval, and other multilingual tasks in human language technology. Existing approaches to inducing translation equivalents of multiword units have focused on agglomerating individual words or on aligning words in a statistical machine translation system. We present a different approach based upon information theoretic heuristics and the exact counting of frequencies of occurrence of multiword strings in aligned parallel corpora. We are applying a technique introduced by Yamamoto and Church that uses suffix arrays and longest common prefix arrays. Evaluation of the method in multiple language pairs was performed using bilingual lexicons of domain-specific terminology as a gold standard. We found that performance of 50-70{\%}, as measured by mean reciprocal rank, can be obtained for terms that occur more than 10 or so times.

null

88,551

inproceedings

mellebeek-etal-2006-multi

Multi-Engine Machine Translation by Recursive Sentence Decomposition

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.13/

Mellebeek, Bart and Owczarzak, Karolina and Van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

110--118

In this paper, we present a novel approach to combine the outputs of multiple MT engines into a consensus translation. In contrast to previous Multi-Engine Machine Translation (MEMT) techniques, we do not rely on word alignments of output hypotheses, but prepare the input sentence for multi-engine processing. We do this by using a recursive decomposition algorithm that produces simple chunks as input to the MT engines. A consensus translation is produced by combining the best chunk translations, selected through majority voting, a trigram language model score and a confidence score assigned to each MT engine. We report statistically significant relative improvements of up to 9{\%} BLEU score in experiments (English{\textrightarrow}Spanish) carried out on an 800-sentence test set extracted from the Penn-II Treebank.

null

88,552

inproceedings

mihalcea-leong-2006-toward

Toward Communicating Simple Sentences Using Pictorial Representations

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.14/

Mihalcea, Rada and Leong, Ben

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

119--127

This paper evaluates the hypothesis that pictorial representations can be used to effectively convey simple sentences across language barriers. Comparative evaluations show that a considerable amount of understanding can be achieved using visual descriptions of information, with evaluation figures within a comparable range of those obtained with linguistic representations produced by an automatic machine translation system.

null

88,553

inproceedings

nesson-etal-2006-induction

Induction of Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Insertion Grammars for Machine Translation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.15/

Nesson, Rebecca and Shieber, Stuart and Rush, Alexander

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

128--137

The more expressive and flexible a base formalism for machine translation is, the less efficient parsing of it will be. However, even among formalisms with the same parse complexity, some formalisms better realize the desired characteristics for machine translation formalisms than others. We introduce a particular formalism, probabilistic synchronous tree-insertion grammar (PSTIG) that we argue satisfies the desiderata optimally within the class of formalisms that can be parsed no less efficiently than context-free grammars and demonstrate that it outperforms state-of-the-art word-based and phrase-based finite-state translation models on training and test data taken from the EuroParl corpus (Koehn, 2005). We then argue that a higher level of translation quality can be achieved by hybridizing our in- duced model with elementary structures produced using supervised techniques such as those of Groves et al. (2004).

null

88,554

inproceedings

nguyen-shimazu-2006-improving

Improving Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation with Morpho-Syntactic Analysis and Transformation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.16/

Nguyen, Thai Phuong and Shimazu, Akira

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

138--147

This paper presents our study of exploiting morpho-syntactic information for phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT). For morphological transformation, we use hand-crafted transformational rules. For syntactic transformation, we propose a transformational model based on Bayes' formula. The model is trained using a bilingual corpus and a broad coverage parser of the source language. The morphological and syntactic transformations are used in the preprocessing phase of a SMT system. This preprocessing method is applicable to language pairs in which the target language is poor in resources. We applied the proposed method to translation from English to Vietnamese. Our experiments showed a BLEU-score improvement of more than 3.28{\%} in comparison with Pharaoh, a state-of-the-art phrase-based SMT system.

null

88,555

inproceedings

owczarzak-etal-2006-wrapper

Wrapper Syntax for Example-based Machine Translation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.17/

Owczarzak, Karolina and Mellebeek, Bart and Groves, Declan and Van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

148--155

TransBooster is a wrapper technology designed to improve the performance of wide-coverage machine translation systems. Using linguistically motivated syntactic information, it automatically decomposes source language sentences into shorter and syntactically simpler chunks, and recomposes their translation to form target language sentences. This generally improves both the word order and lexical selection of the translation. To date, TransBooster has been successfully applied to rule-based MT, statistical MT, and multi-engine MT. This paper presents the application of TransBooster to Example-Based Machine Translation. In an experiment conducted on test sets extracted from Europarl and the Penn II Treebank we show that our method can raise the BLEU score up to 3.8{\%} relative to the EBMT baseline. We also conduct a manual evaluation, showing that TransBooster-enhanced EBMT produces a better output in terms of fluency than the baseline EBMT in 55{\%} of the cases and in terms of accuracy in 53{\%} of the cases.

null

88,556

inproceedings

reeder-2006-direct

Direct Application of a Language Learner Test to {MT} Evaluation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.19/

Reeder, Florence

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

166--175

This paper shows the applicability of language testing techniques to machine translation (MT) evaluation through one of a set of related experiments. One straightforward experiment is to use language testing exams and scoring on MT output with little or no adaptation. This paper describes one such experiment, the first in a set. After an initial test (Vanni and Reeder, 2000), we expanded the experiment to include multiple raters and a more detailed analysis of the surprising results. Namely that unlike with humans, MT systems perform more poorly at both level zero and one than at level two and three. This paper presents these results as an illustration of both the applicability of language testing techniques and also the caution that needs to be applied.

null

88,558

inproceedings

reeder-2006-measuring

Measuring {MT} Adequacy Using Latent Semantic Analysis

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.20/

Reeder, Florence

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

176--184

Translation adequacy is defined as the amount of semantic content from the source language document that is conveyed in the target language document. As such, it is more difficult to measure than intelligibility since semantic content must be measured in two documents and then compared. Latent Semantic Analysis is a content measurement technique used in language learner evaluation that exhibits characteristics attractive for re-use in machine translation evaluation (MTE). This experiment, which is a series of applications of the LSA algorithm in various configurations, demonstrates its usefulness as an MTE metric for adequacy. In addition, this experiment lays the groundwork for using LSA as a method to measure the accuracy of a translation without reliance on reference translations.

null

88,559

inproceedings

riesa-yarowsky-2006-minimally

Minimally Supervised Morphological Segmentation with Applications to Machine Translation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.21/

Riesa, Jason and Yarowsky, David

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

185--192

Inflected languages in a low-resource setting present a data sparsity problem for statistical machine translation. In this paper, we present a minimally supervised algorithm for morpheme segmentation on Arabic dialects which reduces unknown words at translation time by over 50{\%}, total vocabulary size by over 40{\%}, and yields a significant increase in BLEU score over a previous state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical MT system.

null

88,560

inproceedings

sammer-etal-2006-ambiguity

Ambiguity Reduction for Machine Translation: Human-Computer Collaboration

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.22/

Sammer, Marcus and Reiter, Kobi and Soderland, Stephen and Kirchhoff, Katrin and Etzioni, Oren

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

193--202

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) accuracy degrades when there is only a limited amount of training, or when the training is not from the same domain or genre of text as the target application. However, cross-domain applications are typical of many real world tasks. We demonstrate that SMT accuracy can be improved in a cross-domain application by using a controlled language (CL) interface to help reduce lexical ambiguity in the input text. Our system, CL-MT, presents a monolingual user with a choice of word senses for each content word in the input text. CL-MT temporarily adjusts the underlying SMT system`s phrase table, boosting the scores of translations that include the word senses preferred by the user and lowering scores for disfavored translations. We demonstrate that this improves translation adequacy in 33.8{\%} of the sentences in Spanish to English translation of news stories, where the SMT system was trained on proceedings of the European Parliament.

null

88,561

inproceedings

schafer-2006-novel

Novel Probabilistic Finite-State Transducers for Cognate and Transliteration Modeling

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.23/

Schafer, Charles

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

203--212

We present and empirically compare a range of novel probabilistic finite-state transducer (PFST) models targeted at two major natural language string transduction tasks, transliteration selection and cognate translation selection. Evaluation is performed on 10 distinct language pair data sets, and in each case novel models consistently and substantially outperform a well-established standard reference algorithm.

null

88,562

inproceedings

seneff-etal-2006-combining

Combining Linguistic and Statistical Methods for Bi-directional {E}nglish {C}hinese Translation in the Flight Domain

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.24/

Seneff, Stephanie and Wang, Chao and Lee, John

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

213--222

In this paper, we discuss techniques to combine an interlingua translation framework with phrase-based statistical methods, for translation from Chinese into English. Our goal is to achieve high-quality translation, suitable for use in language tutoring applications. We explore these ideas in the context of a flight domain, for which we have a large corpus of English queries, obtained from users interacting with a dialogue system. Our techniques exploit a pre-existing English-to-Chinese translation system to automatically produce a synthetic bilingual corpus. Several experiments were conducted combining linguistic and statistical methods, and manual evaluation was conducted for a set of 460 Chinese sentences. The best performance achieved an {\textquotedblleft}adequate{\textquotedblright} or better analysis (3 or above rating) on nearly 94{\%} of the 409 parsable subset. Using a Rover scheme to combine four systems resulted in an {\textquotedblleft}adequate or better{\textquotedblright} rating for 88{\%} of all the utterances.

null

88,563

inproceedings

snover-etal-2006-study

A Study of Translation Edit Rate with Targeted Human Annotation

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.25/

Snover, Matthew and Dorr, Bonnie and Schwartz, Rich and Micciulla, Linnea and Makhoul, John

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

223--231

We examine a new, intuitive measure for evaluating machine-translation output that avoids the knowledge intensiveness of more meaning-based approaches, and the labor-intensiveness of human judgments. Translation Edit Rate (TER) measures the amount of editing that a human would have to perform to change a system output so it exactly matches a reference translation. We show that the single-reference variant of TER correlates as well with human judgments of MT quality as the four-reference variant of BLEU. We also define a human-targeted TER (or HTER) and show that it yields higher correlations with human judgments than BLEU{---}even when BLEU is given human-targeted references. Our results indicate that HTER correlates with human judgments better than HMETEOR and that the four-reference variants of TER and HTER correlate with human judgments as well as{---}or better than{---}a second human judgment does.

null

88,564

inproceedings

stroppa-etal-2006-example

Example-Based Machine Translation of the {B}asque Language

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.26/

Stroppa, Nicolas and Groves, Declan and Way, Andy and Sarasola, Kepa

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

232--241

Basque is both a minority and a highly inflected language with free order of sentence constituents. Machine Translation of Basque is thus both a real need and a test bed for MT techniques. In this paper, we present a modular Data-Driven MT system which includes different chunkers as well as chunk aligners which can deal with the free order of sentence constituents of Basque. We conducted Basque to English translation experiments, evaluated on a large corpus (270,000 sentence pairs). The experimental results show that our system significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches according to several common automatic evaluation metrics.

null

88,565

inproceedings

tate-voss-2006-combining

Combining Evaluation Metrics via Loss Functions

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.27/

Tate, Calandra and Voss, Clare

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

242--250

When response metrics for evaluating the utility of machine translation (MT) output on a given task do not yield a single ranking of MT engines, how are MT users to decide which engine best supports their task? When the cost of different types of response errors vary, how are MT users to factor that information into their rankings? What impact do different costs have on response-based rankings? Starting with data from an extraction experiment detailed in Voss and Tate (2006), this paper describes three response-rate metrics developed to quantify different aspects of MT users' performance identifying who/when/where-items in MT output, and then presents a loss function analysis over these rates to derive a single customizable metric, applying a range of values to correct responses and costs to different error types. For the given experimental dataset, loss function analyses provided a clearer characterization of the engines' relative strength than did comparing the response rates to each other. For one MT engine, varying the costs had no impact: the engine consistently ranked best. By contrast, cost variations did impact the ranking of the other two engines: a rank reversal occurred on who-item extractions when incorrect responses were penalized more than non-responses. Future work with loss analysis, developing operational cost ratios of error rates to correct response rates, will require user studies and expert document-screening personnel to establish baseline values for effective MT engine support on wh-item extraction.

null

88,566

inproceedings

wellington-etal-2006-scalable

Scalable Purely-Discriminative Training for Word and Tree Transducers

null

aug # " 8-12"

2006

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2006.amta-papers.28/

Wellington, Benjamin and Turian, Joseph and Pike, Chris and Melamed, Dan

Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Technical Papers

251--260

Discriminative training methods have recently led to significant advances in the state of the art of machine translation (MT). Another promising trend is the incorporation of syntactic information into MT systems. Combining these trends is difficult for reasons of system complexity and computational complexity. The present study makes progress towards a syntax-aware MT system whose every component is trained discriminatively. Our main innovation is an approach to discriminative learning that is computationally efficient enough for large statistical MT systems, yet whose accuracy on translation sub-tasks is near the state of the art. Our source code is downloadable from \url{http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/GenPar/}.

null

88,567

inproceedings

liu-2005-multilingual

Multilingual Information Service System for the {B}eijing {O}lympics, a Playground of {MT} Technologies

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-invited.2/

Liu, Weiquan

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Invited papers

null

This paper introduces the Multilingual Information Service System being implemented for the Beijing Olympics. Multilingual machine translation is an important component in this system. This real world application asks for advanced as well as mature and proven technologies, where MT is challenged. However, by appropriately choosing domain and scenario, current MT technologies are successfully integrated in the pilot system. Future applications ask MT to have better performance in readability, lexicon coverage and more efficient. Multilinguality support and fast language adaptation is highly desired by such real world systems.

null

89,619

inproceedings

liu-etal-2005-introduction

Introduction to {C}hina`s {HTRDP} Machine Translation Evaluation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-invited.7/

Liu, Qun and Hou, Hongxu and Lin, Shouxun and Qian, Yueliang and Zhang, Yujie and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Invited papers

null

Since 1994, China`s HTRDP machine translation evaluation has been conducted for five times. Systems of various translation directions between Chinese, English, Japanese and French have been tested. Both human evaluation and automatic evaluation are conducted in HTRDP evaluation. In recent years, the evaluation was organized jointly with NICT of Japan. This paper introduces some details of this evaluation.

null

89,624

inproceedings

xu-etal-2005-phrase

Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation for {MANOS} System

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-invited.8/

Xu, Bo and Chen, Z. B. and Wei, W. and Pan, W. and Yang, Z. D.

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Invited papers

null

MANOS (Multilingual Application Network for Olympic Services) project. aims to provide intelligent multilingual information services in 2008 Olympic Games. By narrowing down the general language technology, this paper gives an overview of our new work on Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBT) under the framework of the MANOS. Starting with the construction of large scale Chinese-English corpus (sentence aligned) and introduction four methods to extract phrases, The promising results from PBT systems lead us to confidences for constructing a high-quality translation system and harmoniously integrate it into MANOS platform.

null

89,625

inproceedings

nariyama-etal-2005-extracting

Extracting Representative Arguments from Dictionaries for Resolving Zero Pronouns

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.1/

Nariyama, Shigeko and Nichols, Eric and Bond, Francis and Tanaka, Takaaki and Nakaiwa, Hiromi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

3--10

We propose a method to alleviate the problem of referential granularity for Japanese zero pronoun resolution. We use dictionary definition sentences to extract {\textquoteleft}representative' arguments of predicative definition words; e.g. {\textquoteleft}arrest' is likely to take police as the subject and criminal as its object. These representative arguments are far more informative than {\textquoteleft}person' that is provided by other valency dictionaries. They are auto-extracted using both Shallow parsing and Deep parsing for greater quality and quantity. Initial results are highly promising, obtaining more specific information about selectional preferences. An architecture of zero pronoun resolution using these representative arguments is described.

null

89,629

inproceedings

kutsumi-etal-2005-selection

Selection of Entries for a Bilingual Dictionary from Aligned Translation Equivalents using Support Vector Machines

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.2/

Kutsumi, Takeshi and Yoshimi, Takehiko and Kotani, Katsunori and Sata, Ichiko and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

11--16

This paper claims that constructing a dictionary using bilingual pairs obtained from parallel corpora needs not only correct alignment of two noun phrases but also judgment of its appropriateness as an entry. It specifically addresses the latter task, which has been paid little attention. It demonstrates a method of selecting a suitable entry using Support Vector Machines, and proposes to regard as the features the common and the different parts between a current translation and a new translation. Using experiment results, this paper examines how selection performances are affected by the four ways of representing the common and the different parts: morphemes, parts of speech, semantic markers, and upper-level semantic markers. Moreover, we used n-grams of the common and the different parts of above four kinds of features. Experimental result found that representation by morphemes marked the best performance, F-measure of 0.803.

null

89,630

inproceedings

hahn-etal-2005-subword

Subword Clusters as Light-Weight Interlingua for Multilingual Document Retrieval

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.3/

Hahn, Udo and Marko, Kornel and Schulz, Stefan

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

17--24

We introduce a light-weight interlingua for a cross-language document retrieval system in the medical domain. It is composed of equivalence classes of semantically primitive, language-specific subwords which are clustered by interlingual and intralingual synonymy. Each subword cluster represents a basic conceptual entity of the language-independent interlingua. Documents, as well as queries, are mapped to this interlingua level on which retrieval operations are performed. Evaluation experiments reveal that this interlingua-based retrieval model outperforms a direct translation approach.

null

89,631

inproceedings

liu-etal-2005-example

Example-based Machine Translation Based on {TSC} and Statistical Generation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.4/

Liu, Zhanyi and Wang, Haifeng and Wu, Hua

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

25--32

This paper proposes a novel Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) method based on Tree String Correspondence (TSC) and statistical generation. In this method, the translation examples are represented as TSC, which consists of three parts: a parse tree in the source language, a string in the target language, and the correspondences between the leaf nodes of the source language tree and the substrings of the target language string. During the translation, the input sentence is first parsed into a tree. Then the TSC forest is searched out if it is best matched with the parse tree. The translation is generated by using a statistical generation model to combine the target language strings in the TSCs. The generation model consists of three parts: the semantic similarity between words, the word translation probability, and the target language model. Based on the above method, we build an English-to-Chinese Machine Translation (ECMT) system. Experimental results indicate that the performance of our system is comparable with that of the state-of-the-art commercial ECMT systems.

null

89,632

inproceedings

suzuki-kumano-2005-learning

Learning Translations from Monolingual Corpora

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.5/

Suzuki, Hirokazu and Kumano, Akira

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

33--40

This paper proposes a method for a machine translation (MT) system to automatically select and learn translation words, which suit the user`s tastes or document fields by using a monolingual corpus manually compiled by the user, in order to achieve high-quality translation. We have constructed a system based on this method and carried out experiments to prove the validity of the proposed method.

null

89,633

inproceedings

phaholphinyo-etal-2005-practical

A Practical of Memory-based Approach for Improving Accuracy of {MT}

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.6/

Phaholphinyo, Sitthaa and Modhiran, Teerapong and Kritsuthikul, Nattapol and Supnithi, Thepchai

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

41--46

Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT) [1] approach is a major approach in MT research. It needs linguistic knowledge to create appropriate rules of translation. However, we cannot completely add all linguistic rules to the system because adding new rules may cause a conflict with the old ones. So, we propose a memory based approach to improve the translation quality without modifying the existing linguistic rules. This paper analyses the translation problems and shows how this approach works.

null

89,634

inproceedings

castilla-etal-2005-machine

Machine Translation on the Medical Domain: The Role of {BLEU}/{NIST} and {METEOR} in a Controlled Vocabulary Setting

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.7/

Castilla, Andre and Bacic, Alice and Furuie, Sergio

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

47--54

The main objective of our project is to extract clinical information from thoracic radiology reports in Portuguese using Machine Translation (MT) and cross language information retrieval techniques. To accomplish this task we need to evaluate the involved machine translation system. Since human MT evaluation is costly and time consuming we opted to use automated methods. We propose an evaluation methodology using NIST/BLEU and METEOR algorithms and a controlled medical vocabulary, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). A set of documents are generated and they are either machine translated or used as evaluation references. This methodology is used to evaluate the performance of our specialized Portuguese-English translation dictionary. A significant improvement on evaluation scores after the dictionary incorporation into a commercial MT system is demonstrated. The use of UMLS and automated MT evaluation techniques can help the development of applications on the medical domain. Our methodology can also be used on general MT research for evaluating and testing purposes.

null

89,635

inproceedings

beale-etal-2005-document

Document Authoring the {B}ible for Minority Language Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.9/

Beale, Stephen and Nirenburg, Sergei and McShane, Marjorie and Allman, Tod

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

63--70

This paper describes one approach to document authoring and natural language generation being pursued by the Summer Institute of Linguistics in cooperation with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. We will describe the tools provided for document authoring, including a glimpse at the underlying controlled language and the semantic representation of the textual meaning. We will also introduce The Bible Translator`s Assistant{\textcopyright} (TBTA), which is used to elicit and enter target language data as well as perform the actual text generation process. We conclude with a discussion of the usefulness of this paradigm from a Bible translation perspective and suggest several ways in which this work will benefit the field of computational linguistics.

null

89,637

inproceedings

zhang-etal-2005-building-annotated

Building an Annotated {J}apanese-{C}hinese Parallel Corpus {--} A Part of {NICT} Multilingual Corpora

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.10/

Zhang, Yujie and Uchimoto, Kiyotaka and Ma, Qing and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

71--78

We are constricting a Japanese-Chinese parallel corpus, which is a part of the NICT Multilingual Corpora. The corpus is general domain, of large scale of about 40,000 sentence pairs, long sentences, annotated with detailed information and high quality. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first annotated Japanese-Chinese parallel corpus in the world. We created the corpus by selecting Japanese sentences from Mainichi Newspaper and then manually translating them into Chinese. We then annotated the corpus with morphological and syntactic structures and alignments at word and phrase levels. This paper describes the specification in human translation and detailed information annotation, and the tools we developed in the project. The experience we obtained and points we paid special attentions are also introduced for share with other researches in corpora construction.

null

89,638

inproceedings

koehn-2005-europarl

{E}uroparl: A Parallel Corpus for Statistical Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.11/

Koehn, Philipp

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

79--86

We collected a corpus of parallel text in 11 languages from the proceedings of the European Parliament, which are published on the web. This corpus has found widespread use in the NLP community. Here, we focus on its acquisition and its application as training data for statistical machine translation (SMT). We trained SMT systems for 110 language pairs, which reveal interesting clues into the challenges ahead.

null

89,639

inproceedings

sathapornrungkij-pluempitiwiriyawej-2005-construction

Construction of {T}hai {W}ord{N}et Lexical Database from Machine Readable Dictionaries

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.12/

Sathapornrungkij, Patanakul and Pluempitiwiriyawej, Charnyote

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

87--92

We describe a method of constructing Thai WordNet, a lexical database in which Thai words are organized by their meanings. Our methodology takes WordNet and LEXiTRON machine-readable dictionaries into account. The semantic relations between English words in WordNet and the translation relations between English and Thai words in LEXiTRON are considered. Our methodology is operated via WordNet Builder system. This paper provides an overview of the WordNet Builder architecture and reports on some of our experience with the prototype implementation.

null

89,640

inproceedings

velldal-oepen-2005-maximum

Maximum Entropy Models for Realization Ranking

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.15/

Velldal, Erik and Oepen, Stephan

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

109--116

In this paper we describe and evaluate different statistical models for the task of realization ranking, i.e. the problem of discriminating between competing surface realizations generated for a given input semantics. Three models are trained and tested; an n-gram language model, a discriminative maximum entropy model using structural features, and a combination of these two. Our realization component forms part of a larger, hybrid MT system.

null

89,643

inproceedings

surcin-etal-2005-evaluation

Evaluation of Machine Translation with Predictive Metrics beyond {BLEU}/{NIST}: {CESTA} Evaluation Campaign {\#} 1

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.16/

Surcin, Sylvain and Hamon, Olivier and Hartley, Antony and Rajman, Martin and Popescu-Belis, Andrei and Hadi, Widad Mustafa El and Timimi, Isma{\"il and Dabbadie, Marianne and Choukri, Khalid

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

117--124

In this paper, we report on the results of a full-size evaluation campaign of various MT systems. This campaign is novel compared to the classical DARPA/NIST MT evaluation campaigns in the sense that French is the target language, and that it includes an experiment of meta-evaluation of various metrics claiming to better predict different attributes of translation quality. We first describe the campaign, its context, its protocol and the data we used. Then we summarise the results obtained by the participating systems and discuss the meta-evaluation of the metrics used.

null

89,644

inproceedings

zhang-etal-2005-multi

A Multi-aligner for {J}apanese-{C}hinese Parallel Corpora

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.18/

Zhang, Yujie and Liu, Qun and Ma, Qing and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

133--140

Automatic word alignment is an important technology for extracting translation knowledge from parallel corpora. However, automatic techniques cannot resolve this problem completely because of variances in translations. We therefore need to investigate the performance potential of automatic word alignment and then decide how to suitably apply it. In this paper we first propose a lexical knowledge-based approach to word alignment on a Japanese-Chinese corpus. Then we evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on the corpus. At the same time we also apply a statistics-based approach, the well-known toolkit GIZA++, to the same test data. Through comparison of the performances of the two approaches, we propose a multi-aligner, exploiting the lexical knowledge-based aligner and the statistics-based aligner at the same time. Quantitative results confirmed the effectiveness of the multi-aligner.

null

89,646

inproceedings

ortiz-martinez-etal-2005-thot

Thot: a Toolkit To Train Phrase-based Statistical Translation Models

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.19/

Ortiz-Mart{\'i}nez, Daniel and Garc{\'i}a-Varea, Ismael and Casacuberta, Francisco

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

141--148

In this paper, we present the Thot toolkit, a set of tools to train phrase-based models for statistical machine translation, which is publicly available as open source software. The toolkit obtains phrase-based models from word-based alignment models; to our knowledge, this functionality has not been offered by any publicly available toolkit. The Thot toolkit also implements a new way for estimating phrase models, this allows to obtain more complete phrase models than the methods described in the literature, including a segmentation length submodel. The toolkit output can be given in different formats in order to be used by other statistical machine translation tools like Pharaoh, which is a beam search decoder for phrase-based alignment models which was used in order to perform translation experiments with the generated models. Additionally, the Thot toolkit can be used to obtain the best alignment between a sentence pair at phrase level.

null

89,647

inproceedings

sinha-thakur-2005-machine

Machine Translation of Bi-lingual {H}indi-{E}nglish ({H}inglish) Text

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.20/

Sinha, R. Mahesh K. and Thakur, Anil

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

149--156

In the present communication-based society, no natural language seems to have been left untouched by the trends of code-mixing. For different communicative purposes, a language uses linguistic codes from other languages. This gives rise to a mixed language which is neither totally the host language nor the foreign language. The mixed language poses a new challenge to the problem of machine translation. It is necessary to identify the {\textquotedblleft}foreign{\textquotedblright} elements in the source language and process them accordingly. The foreign elements may not appear in their original form and may get morphologically transformed as per the host language. Further, in a complex sentence, a clause/utterance may be in the host language while another clause/utterance may be in the foreign language. Code-mixing of Hindi and English where Hindi is the host language, is a common phenomenon in day-to-day language usage in Indian metropolis. The scenario is so common that people have started considering this a different variety altogether and calling it by the name Hinglish. In this paper, we present a mechanism for machine translation of Hinglish to pure (standard) Hindi and pure English forms.

null

89,648

inproceedings

mahesh-etal-2005-dealing

Dealing with Replicative Words in {H}indi for Machine Translation to {E}nglish

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.21/

Mahesh, R. and Sinha, K. and Thakur, Anil

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

157--164

The South Asian languages are well-known for their replicative words. In these languages, words of almost all the grammatical categories can occur in their reduplicative form. Hindi is one such language which is quite rich in having various types of replicative words in its lexicon. The traditional grammars and some of the research works have discussed the topic to some extent, particularly from the point of view of their descriptions and classifications. However, a detailed study of the topic becomes significant in view of the complexity involved in handling of such replicative words in the area of natural language processing, particularly for machine translation. In this paper, we discuss different types of replicative words in Hindi and their syntactic and semantic characteristics to formulate rules and strategies to identify their multiple functions and mapping patterns in English for machine translation from Hindi to English.

null

89,649

inproceedings

flickinger-etal-2005-sem

{SEM}-{I} Rational {MT}: Enriching Deep Grammars with a Semantic Interface for Scalable Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.22/

Flickinger, Dan and L{\o}nning, Jan Tore and Dyvik, Helge and Oepen, Stephan and Bond, Francis

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

165--172

In the LOGON machine translation system where semantic transfer using Minimal Recursion Semantics is being developed in conjunction with two existing broad-coverage grammars of Norwegian and English, we motivate the use of a grammar-specific semantic interface (SEM-I) to facilitate the construction and maintenance of a scalable translation engine. The SEM-I is a theoretically grounded component of each grammar, capturing several classes of lexical regularities while also serving the crucial engineering function of supplying a reliable and complete specification of the elementary predications the grammar can realize. We make extensive use of underspecification and type hierarchies to maximize generality and precision.

null

89,650

inproceedings

hong-etal-2005-customizing

Customizing a {K}orean-{E}nglish {MT} System for Patent Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.24/

Hong, Munpyo and Kim, Young-Gil and Kim, Chang-Hyun and Yang, Seong-Il and Seo, Young-Ae and Ryu, Cheol and Park, Sang-Kyu

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

181--187

This paper addresses a customization process of a Korean-English MT system for patent translation. The major customization steps include terminology construction, linguistic study, and the modification of the existing analysis and generation-module. T o our knowledge, this is the first worth-mentioning large-scale customization effort of an MT system for Korean and English. This research was performed under the auspices of the MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication) of Korean government. A prototype patent MT system for electronics domain was installed and is being tested in the Korean Intellectual Property Office.

null

89,652

inproceedings

starlander-etal-2005-practicing

Practicing Controlled Language through a Help System integrated into the Medical Speech Translation System ({M}ed{SLT})

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.25/

Starlander, Marianne and Bouillon, Pierrette and Chatzichrisafis, Nikos and Santaholma, Marianne and Rayner, Manny and Hockey, Beth Ann and Isahara, Hitoshi and Kanzaki, Kyoko and Nakao, Yukie

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

188--194

In this paper, we present evidence that providing users of a speech to speech translation system for emergency diagnosis (MedSLT) with a tool that helps them to learn the coverage greatly improves their success in using the system. In MedSLT, the system uses a grammar-based recogniser that provides more predictable results to the translation component. The help module aims at addressing the lack of robustness inherent in this type of approach. It takes as input the result of a robust statistical recogniser that performs better for out-of-coverage data and produces a list of in-coverage example sentences. These examples are selected from a defined list using a heuristic that prioritises sentences maximising the number of N-grams shared with those extracted from the recognition result.

null

89,653

inproceedings

arranz-etal-2005-fame

The {FAME} Speech-to-Speech Translation System for {C}atalan, {E}nglish, and {S}panish

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.26/

Arranz, Victoria and Comelles, Elisabet and Farwell, David

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

195--202

This paper describes the evaluation of the FAME interlingua-based speech-to-speech translation system for Catalan, English and Spanish. This system is an extension of the already existing NESPOLE! that translates between English, French, German and Italian. This article begins with a brief introduction followed by a description of the system architecture and the components of the translation module including the Speech Recognizer, the analysis chain, the generation chain and the Speech Synthesizer. Then we explain the interlingua formalism used, called Interchange Format (IF). We show the results obtained from the evaluation of the system and we describe the three types of evaluation done. We also compare the results of our system with those obtained by a stochastic translator which has been independently developed over the course of the FAME project. Finally, we conclude with future work.

null

89,654

inproceedings

aramaki-etal-2005-probabilistic

Probabilistic Model for Example-based Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.29/

Aramaki, Eiji and Kurohashi, Sadao and Kashioka, Hideki and Kato, Naoto

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

219--226

Example-based machine translation (EBMT) systems, so far, rely on heuristic measures in retrieving translation examples. Such a heuristic measure costs time to adjust, and might make its algorithm unclear. This paper presents a probabilistic model for EBMT. Under the proposed model, the system searches the translation example combination which has the highest probability. The proposed model clearly formalizes EBMT process. In addition, the model can naturally incorporate the context similarity of translation examples. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has a slightly better translation quality than state-of-the-art EBMT systems.

null

89,657

inproceedings

eck-etal-2005-low-cost

Low Cost Portability for Statistical Machine Translation based on N-gram Coverage

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.30/

Eck, Matthias and Vogel, Stephan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

227--234

Statistical machine translation relies heavily on the available training data. However, in some cases, it is necessary to limit the amount of training data that can be created for or actually used by the systems. To solve that problem, we introduce a weighting scheme that tries to select more informative sentences first. This selection is based on the previously unseen n-grams the sentences contain, and it allows us to sort the sentences according to their estimated importance. After sorting, we can construct smaller training corpora, and we are able to demonstrate that systems trained on much less training data show a very competitive performance compared to baseline systems using all available training data.

null

89,658

inproceedings

uchimoto-etal-2005-automatic

Automatic Rating of Machine Translatability

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.31/

Uchimoto, Kiyotaka and Hayashida, Naoko and Ishida, Toru and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

235--242

We describe a method for automatically rating the machine translatability of a sentence for various machine translation (MT) systems. The method requires that the MT system can bidirectionally translate sentences in both source and target languages. However, it does not require reference translations, as is usual for automatic MT evaluation. By applying this method to every component of a sentence in a given source language, we can automatically identify the machine-translatable and non-machinetranslatable parts of a sentence for a particular MT system. We show that the parts of a sentence that are automatically identified as nonmachine-translatable provide useful information for paraphrasing or revising the sentence in the source language, thus improving the quality of the final translation.

null

89,659

inproceedings

setiawan-etal-2005-learning

Learning Phrase Translation using Level of Detail Approach

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.32/

Setiawan, Hendra and Li, Haizhou and Zhang, Min

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

243--250

We propose a simplified Level Of Detail (LOD) algorithm to learn phrase translation for statistical machine translation. In particular, LOD learns unknown phrase translations from parallel texts without linguistic knowledge. LOD uses an agglomerative method to attack the combinatorial explosion that results when generating candidate phrase translations. Although LOD was previously proposed by (Setiawan et al., 2005), we improve the original algorithm in two ways: simplifying the algorithm and using a simpler translation model. Experimental results show that our algorithm provides comparable performance while demonstrating a significant reduction in computation time.

null

89,660

inproceedings

vogel-2005-pesa

{PESA}: Phrase Pair Extraction as Sentence Splitting

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.33/

Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

251--258

Most statistical machine translation systems use phrase-to-phrase translations to capture local context information, leading to better lexical choice and more reliable local reordering. The quality of the phrase alignment is crucial to the quality of the resulting translations. Here, we propose a new phrase alignment method, not based on the Viterbi path of word alignment models. Phrase alignment is viewed as a sentence splitting task. For a given spitting of the source sentence (source phrase, left segment, right segment) find a splitting for the target sentence, which optimizes the overall sentence alignment probability. Experiments on different translation tasks show that this phrase alignment method leads to highly competitive translation results.

null

89,661

inproceedings

vilar-etal-2005-statistical

Statistical Machine Translation of {E}uropean Parliamentary Speeches

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.34/

Vilar, David and Matusov, Evgeny and Hasan, Sasa and Zens, Richard and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

259--266

In this paper we present the ongoing work at RWTH Aachen University for building a speech-to-speech translation system within the TC-Star project. The corpus we work on consists of parliamentary speeches held in the European Plenary Sessions. To our knowledge, this is the first project that focuses on speech-to-speech translation applied to a real-life task. We describe the statistical approach used in the development of our system and analyze its performance under different conditions: dealing with syntactically correct input, dealing with the exact transcription of speech and dealing with the (noisy) output of an automatic speech recognition system. Experimental results show that our system is able to perform adequately in each of these conditions.

null

89,662

inproceedings

imamura-etal-2005-practical

Practical Approach to Syntax-based Statistical Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.35/

Imamura, Kenji and Okuma, Hideo and Sumita, Eiichiro

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

267--274

This paper presents a practical approach to statistical machine translation (SMT) based on syntactic transfer. Conventionally, phrase-based SMT generates an output sentence by combining phrase (multiword sequence) translation and phrase reordering without syntax. On the other hand, SMT based on tree-to-tree mapping, which involves syntactic information, is theoretical, so its features remain unclear from the viewpoint of a practical system. The SMT proposed in this paper translates phrases with hierarchical reordering based on the bilingual parse tree. In our experiments, the best translation was obtained when both phrases and syntactic information were used for the translation process.

null

89,663

inproceedings

marino-etal-2005-bilingual

Bilingual N-gram Statistical Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.36/

Mari{\~n}o, Jos{\'e} B. and Banchs, Rafael E. and Crego, Josep M. and de Gispert, Adri{\`a} and Lambert, Patrik and Fonollosa, Jos{\'e} A. R. and Ruiz, Marta

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

275--282

This paper describes a statistical machine translation system that uses a translation model which is based on bilingual n-grams. When this translation model is log-linearly combined with four specific feature functions, state of the art translations are achieved for Spanish-to-English and English-to-Spanish translation tasks. Some specific results obtained for the EPPS (European Parliament Plenary Sessions) data are presented and discussed. Finally, future research issues are depicted.

null

89,664

inproceedings

crego-etal-2005-reordered

Reordered Search, and Tuple Unfolding for Ngram-based {SMT}

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.37/

Crego, Josep M. and Mari{\~n}o, Jos{\'e} B. and de Gispert, Adri{\`a}

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

283--289

In Statistical Machine Translation, the use of reordering for certain language pairs can produce a significant improvement on translation accuracy. However, the search problem is shown to be NP-hard when arbitrary reorderings are allowed. This paper addresses the question of reordering for an Ngram-based SMT approach following two complementary strategies, namely reordered search and tuple unfolding. These strategies interact to improve translation quality in a Chinese to English task. On the one hand, we allow for an Ngram-based decoder (MARIE) to perform a reordered search over the source sentence, while combining a translation tuples Ngram model, a target language model, a word penalty and a word distance model. Interestingly, even though the translation units are learnt sequentially, its reordered search produces an improved translation. On the other hand, we allow for a modification of the translation units that unfolds the tuples, so that shorter units are learnt from a new parallel corpus, where the source sentences are reordered according to the target language. This tuple unfolding technique reduces data sparseness and, when combined with the reordered search, further boosts translation performance. Translation accuracy and efficency results are reported for the IWSLT 2004 Chinese to English task.

null

89,665

inproceedings

mellebeek-etal-2005-improving

Improving Online Machine Translation Systems

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.38/

Mellebeek, Bart and Khasin, Anna and Owczarzak, Karolina and Van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

290--297

In (Mellebeek et al., 2005), we proposed the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel and modular approach to boost the translation performance of existing, wide-coverage, freely available machine translation systems, based on reliable and fast automatic decomposition of the translation input and corresponding composition of translation output. Despite showing some initial promise, our method did not improve on the baseline Logomedia1 and Systran2 MT systems. In this paper, we improve on the algorithm presented in (Mellebeek et al., 2005), and on the same test data, show increased scores for a range of automatic evaluation metrics. Our algorithm now outperforms Logomedia, obtains similar results to SDL3 and falls tantalisingly short of the performance achieved by Systran.

null

89,666

inproceedings

jiang-haifeng-2005-effect

The Effect of Adding Rules into the Rule-based {MT} System

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.39/

Jiang, Zhu and Haifeng, Wang

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

298--304

This paper investigates the relationship between the amount of the rules and the performance of the rule-based machine translation system. We keep adding more rules into the system and observe successive changes of the translation quality. Evaluations on translation quality reveal that the more the rules, the better the translation quality. A linear regression analysis shows that a positive linear relationship exists between the translation quality and the amount of the rules. We use this linear model to make prediction and test the prediction with newly developed rules. Experimental results indicate that the linear model effectively predicts the possible performance that the rule-based machine translation system may achieve with more rules added.

null

89,667

inproceedings

kondrak-2005-cognates

Cognates and Word Alignment in Bitexts

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.40/

Kondrak, Grzegorz

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

305--312

We evaluate several orthographic word similarity measures in the context of bitext word alignment. We investigate the relationship between the length of the words and the length of their longest common subsequence. We present an alternative to the longest common subsequence ratio (LCSR), a widely-used orthographic word similarity measure. Experiments involving identification of cognates in bitexts suggest that the alternative method outperforms LCSR. Our results also indicate that alignment links can be used as a substitute for cognates for the purpose of evaluating word similarity measures.

null

89,668

inproceedings

wu-wang-2005-boosting

Boosting Statistical Word Alignment

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-papers.41/

Wu, Hua and Wang, Haifeng

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Papers

313--320

This paper proposes an approach to improve statistical word alignment with the boosting method. Applying boosting to word alignment must solve two problems. The first is how to build the reference set for the training data. We propose an approach to automatically build a pseudo reference set, which can avoid manual annotation of the training set. The second is how to calculate the error rate of each individual word aligner. We solve this by calculating the error rate of a manually annotated held-out data set instead of the entire training set. In addition, the final ensemble takes into account the weights of the alignment links produced by the individual word aligners. Experimental results indicate that the boosting method proposed in this paper performs much better than the original word aligner, achieving a large error rate reduction.

null

89,669

inproceedings

macklovitch-etal-2005-tracing

Tracing Translations in the Making

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.1/

Macklovitch, Elliott and Nguyen, Ngoc Tran and Lapalme, Guy

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

323--330

This paper presents TTPlayer, a trace file analysis tool used to develop TransType, an innovative computer-aided translation system. We first discuss the context of the project and the design of the tracing tool. We show how it was used for discovering interesting patterns of use as well to guide further developments in the TT2 project.

null

89,670

inproceedings

khankasikam-muansuwqan-2005-thai

{T}hai Word Segmentation a Lexical Semantic Approach

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.2/

Khankasikam, Krisda and Muansuwqan, Nuttanart

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

331--338

In Thai language, the word boundary is not explicitly clear, therefore, word segmentation is needed to determine word boundary in Thai sentences. Many applications of Thai Language Processing require the word segmentation. Several approaches of Thai word segmentation such as maximal matching, longest matching and n-gram model do not take semantics into consideration. This paper presents a Thai word segmentation system using semantic corpus which is composed of four steps: generating all possible candidates, proper noun consideration, semantic tagging and semantic checking. The first three steps are conducted using a dictionary. Semantic checking is carried out on the basis of corpus-based approach. Finally, we assign the semantic scores to segmented words and select the ones that contain maximum semantic scores. In order to assign semantic scores, we use a Thai proper noun database and the semantic corpus derived from ORCHID corpus. This approach is more reliable than other approaches that do not take the meaning into consideration and performs the level of accuracy at 96-99{\%} depending on the characteristic of input and the dictionary used in the segmentation.

null

89,671

inproceedings

sakao-etal-2005-japanese

{J}apanese Language Analaysis for Syntactic Tree Mining to Extract Characteristic Contents

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.3/

Sakao, Yohsuke and Ikeda, Takahiro and Satoh, Kenji and Akamine, Susumu

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

339--345

Existing syntactic ordered tree mining methods for extracting characteristic contents from text sets have two problems: 1) subtrees which are semantically the same but are different ordered trees fail to be considered equivalent, and 2) raw extracted subtrees can be difficult to understand. In order to avoid these problems, we have developed a method of transforming all ordered trees so that the ordered trees having the same meaning are considered equivalent. We have also developed a method of constructing Japanese texts from extracted subtrees, and evaluated the effectiveness of our methods as applied to syntactic tree mining.

null

89,672

inproceedings

sinha-thakur-2005-divergence

Divergence Patterns in Machine Translation between {H}indi and {E}nglish

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.4/

Sinha, R. Mahesh K. and Thakur, Anil

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

346--353

The issue of translation divergence is an important research topic in the area of machine translation. An exhaustive study of the divergence issues in MT is necessary for their proper classification and resolution. In the literature on MT, scholars have examined the issue and have proposed ways for their classification and resolution (Dorr 1993, 1994). However, the topic still needs further exploration to identify different sources of translation divergence in different pairs of translation languages. In this paper, we discuss translation patterns between Hindi and English of different types of constructions with a view to identifying the potential topics of the translation divergences. We take Dorr`s (1993, 1994) classification of translation divergence as the base to examine the different topics of translation divergence in Hindi and English. The primary goal of the paper is to point out different types of translation divergences in Hindi and English MT that have not been discussed in the existing literature.

null

89,673

inproceedings

zavarsky-etal-2005-language

Language and Encoding Scheme Identification of Extremely Large Sets of Multilingual Text

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.5/

Zavarsky, Pavol and Mikami, Yoshiki and Wada, Shota

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

354--355

In the paper we present an outline of our approach to identify languages and encoding schemes in extremely large sets of multi-lingual documents. The large sets we are analyzing in our Language Observatory project [1] are formed by dozens of millions of text documents. In the paper we present an approach which allows us to analyze about 250 documents every second (about 20 million documents/day) on a single Linux machine. Using a multithread processing on a cluster of Linux servers we are able to analyze easily more than 100 million documents/day.

null

89,674

inproceedings

sinha-thakur-2005-handling

Handling ki in {H}indi for {H}indi-{E}nglish {MT}

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.6/

Sinha, R. Mahesh K. and Thakur, Anil

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

356--353

ki is an indeclinable element (particle) in Hindi which is used in multiple roles that have multiple mapping patterns in English. In one of its uses, ki functions as a clause complementizer and is mapped usually by that in declarative clauses and by various wh-words (such as what, why, where, how, etc.) in interrogative clauses. The contexts of these mappings are dependent on syntactic-semantic types of the clause. In its non-complementizer use, ki is used to denote various other functions such as coordinate conjunction, purpose and reason clause conjunction, yes-no question particle, etc. It is a difficult task to identify the different uses of ki and determine its multiple mapping patterns in the context of Hindi-English machine translation. A detailed linguistic analysis is needed to disambiguate the different contexts of ki in Hindi. In this paper, we examine the multiple uses and patterns of ki in Hindi and propose strategies for their identification and disambiguation for Hindi-English MT.

null

89,675

inproceedings

wu-etal-2005-improving

Improving Translation Memory with Word Alignment Information

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.7/

Wu, Hua and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Zhanyi and Tang, Kai

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

364--371

This paper describes a generalized translation memory system, which takes advantage of sentence level matching, sub-sentential matching, and pattern-based machine translation technologies. All of the three techniques generate translation suggestions with the assistance of word alignment information. For the sentence level matching, the system generates the translation suggestion by modifying the translations of the most similar example with word alignment information. For sub-sentential matching, the system locates the translation fragments in several examples with word alignment information, and then generates the translation suggestion by combining these translation fragments. For pattern-based machine translation, the system first extracts translation patterns from examples using word alignment information and then generates translation suggestions with pattern matching. This system is compared with a traditional translation memory system without word alignment information in terms of translation efficiency and quality. Evaluation results indicate that our system improves the translation quality and saves about 20{\%} translation time.

null

89,676

inproceedings

naskar-bandyopadhyay-2005-phrasal

A Phrasal {EBMT} System for Translating {E}nglish to {B}engali

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.8/

Naskar, Sudip Kumar and Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

372--379

The present work describes a Phrasal Example Based Machine Translation system from English to Bengali that identifies the phrases in the input through a shallow analysis, retrieves the target phrases using a Phrasal Example base and finally combines the target language phrases employing some heuristics based on the phrase ordering rules for Bengali. The paper focuses on the structure of the noun, verb and prepositional phrases in English and how these phrases are realized in Bengali. This study has an effect on the design of the phrasal Example Base and recombination rules for the target language phrases.

null

89,677

inproceedings

bojar-etal-2005-mt

An {MT} System Recycled

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.9/

Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Homola, Petr and Kubo{\v{n}}, Vladislav

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

380--387

This paper describes an attempt to recycle parts of the Czech-to-Russian machine translation system (MT) in the new Czech-to-English MT system. The paper describes the overall architecture of the new system and the details of the modules which have been added. A special attention is paid to the problem of named entity recognition and to the method of automatic acquisition of lexico-syntactic information for the bilingual dictionary of the system.

null

89,678

inproceedings

alvarez-etal-2005-semi

Semi-Automated Elicitation Corpus Generation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.10/

Alvarez, Alison and Levin, Lori and Frederking, Robert and Peterson, Erik and Good, Jeff

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

388--395

In this document we will describe a semi-automated process for creating elicitation corpora. An elicitation corpus is translated by a bilingual consultant in order to produce high quality word aligned sentence pairs. The corpus sentences are automatically generated from detailed feature structures using the GenKit generation program. Feature structures themselves are automatically generated from information that is provided by a linguist using our corpus specification software. This helps us to build small, flexible corpora for testing and development of machine translation systems.

null

89,679

inproceedings

lambert-banchs-2005-data

Data Inferred Multi-word Expressions for Statistical Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.11/

Lambert, Patrick and Banchs, Rafael

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

396--403

This paper presents a strategy for detecting and using multi-word expressions in Statistical Machine Translation. Performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated in terms of alignment quality as well as translation accuracy. Evaluations are performed by using the Verbmobil corpus. Results from translation tasks from English-to-Spanish and from Spanish-to-English are presented and discussed.

null

89,680

inproceedings

modhiran-etal-2005-parsit

{PARSIT}-{TE}: Online {T}hai-{E}nglish Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.12/

Modhiran, Teerapong and Kosawat, Krit and Klaithin, Supon and Boriboon, Monthika and Supnithi, Thepchai

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

404--411

This paper presents an online Thai-English MT system, called PARSITTE, which is an extension of PARSIT English-Thai one. We aim to assist foreigners and Thai in exchanging more easily their information. The system is a rule-based and Interlingua approach. To improve the system, we concentrate on pre-processing and rule analysis phases, which are considered necessary because of some specific problems of Thai language.

null

89,681

inproceedings

babych-etal-2005-estimating

Estimating the predictive Power of N-gram {MT} Evaluation Metrics across Language and Text Types

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.13/

Babych, Bogdan and Hartley, Anthony and Elliott, Debbie

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

412--418

The use of n-gram metrics to evaluate the output of MT systems is widespread. Typically, they are used in system development, where an increase in the score is taken to represent an improvement in the output of the system. However, purchasers of MT systems or services are more concerned to know how well a score predicts the acceptability of the output to a reader-user. Moreover, they usually want to know if these predictions will hold across a range of target languages and text types. We describe an experiment involving human and automated evaluations of four MT systems across two text types and 23 language directions. It establishes that the correlation between human and automated scores is high, but that the predictive power of these scores depends crucially on target language and text type.

null

89,682

inproceedings

kotani-etal-2005-useful

A Useful-based Evaluation of Reading Support Systems: Comprehension, Reading Speed and Effective Speed

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.14/

Kotani, Katsunori and Yoshimi, Takehiko and Kutsumi, Takeshi and Sata, Ichiko and Isahara, Hiroshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

419--426

This paper reports the result of our experiment, the aim of which is to examine the efficiency of reading support systems such as a sentence-machine translation system, a word-machine translation system, and so on. Our evaluation method used in the experiment is able to handle the different reading support systems by assessing the usability of the systems, i.e., comprehension, reading speed, and effective speed. The result shows that the reading-speed procedure is able to evaluate the support systems as well as the comprehension-based procedure proposed by Ohguro (1993) and Fuji et al. (2001).

null

89,683

inproceedings

kashioka-2005-word

Word Alignment Viewer for Long Sentences

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.15/

Kashioka, Hideki

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

427--431

An aligned corpus is an important resource for developing machine translation systems. We consider suitable units for constructing the translation model through observing an aligned parallel corpus. We examine the characteristics of the aligned corpus. Long sentences are especially difficult for word alignment because the sentences can become very complicated. Also, each (source/target) word has a higher possibility to correspond to the (target/source) word. This paper introduces an alignment viewer a developer can use to correct alignment information. We discuss using the viewer on a patent parallel corpus because sentences in patents are often long and complicated.

null

89,684

inproceedings

kadir-etal-2005-comparative

Comparative Study on {J}apanese and {U}yghur Grammars for an {E}nglish-{U}yghur Machine Translation System

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.16/

Kadir, Polat and Yamada, Koichi and Kinukawa, Hiroshi

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

432--437

Uyghur is one of the Turkic languages in the Altaic language family. We are developing a machine translation system to translate from English into Uyghur. As there are no previous researches devoted to machine translation between English and Uyghur and being short of related works that we could use as a base for our research, we noted that by making clear the morphological and syntactic similarities and differences between Japanese and Uyghur we can make use of the approaches and methods of English-Japanese machine translation to make faster progress in our research. In order to attain this goal, we have performed a comparative study on the Japanese and Uyghur grammars. In this paper, we describe the similarities as well as differences between Japanese and Uyghur in both levels of morphology and syntax and we give a brief description of our English-Uyghur transfer method to which we are aiming at applying our comparative study on Japanese and Uyghur grammars.

null

89,685

inproceedings

majithia-etal-2005-rapid

Rapid Ramp-up for Statistical Machine Translation: Minimal Training for Maximal Coverage

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.17/

Majithia, Hemali and Rennart, Philip and Tzoukermann, Evelyne

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

438--444

This paper investigates optimal ways to get maximal coverage from minimal input training corpus. In effect, it seems antagonistic to think of minimal input training with a statistical machine translation system. Since statistics work well with repetition and thus capture well highly occurring words, one challenge has been to figure out the optimal number of {\textquotedblleft}new{\textquotedblright} words that the system needs to be appropriately trained. Additionally, the goal is to minimize the human translation time for training a new language. In order to account for rapid ramp-up translation, we ran several experiments to figure out the minimal amount of data to obtain optimal translation results.

null

89,686

inproceedings

aiti-etal-2005-input

Input Normalization for an {E}nglish-to-{C}hinese {SMS} Translation System

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.18/

AiTi, Aw and Min, Zhang and PohKhim, Yeo and ZhenZhen, Fan and Jian, Su

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

445--450

This paper describes an approach to preprocess SMS text for Machine Translation. As SMS text behaves differently from normal written text and to reduce the tremendous effort required to customize or adapt the language model of the traditional translation system to handle SMS text style, normalization is performed to moderate the irregularities in English SMS text using a noisy channel model. A mapping model is used to model the three major problems in SMS text. They are (1) substitution of word using non-standard acronym, (2) insertion of flavour word, and (3) omission of auxiliary verb and subject pronoun. Experiment results show that with normalization before translation, the rejection rate of our English-to-Chinese SMS translation for broadcasting purpose is reduced by 15.5{\%}. We believe that the performance of normalization can be further improved with deeper linguistic processing.

null

89,687

inproceedings

cettolo-etal-2005-look

A Look inside the {ITC}-irst {SMT} System

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.19/

Cettolo, M. and Federico, M. and Bertholdi, N. and Cattoni, R. and Chen, B.

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

451--457

This paper presents a look inside the ITC-irst large-vocabulary SMT system developed for the NIST 2005 Chinese-to-English evaluation campaign. Experiments on official NIST test sets provide a thorough overview of the performance of the system, supplying information on how single components contribute to the global performance. The presented system exhibits performance comparable to that of the best systems participating in the NIST 2002-2004 MT evaluation campaigns: on the three test sets, achieved BLEU scores are 26.35{\%}, 26.92{\%} and 28.13{\%}, respectively.

null

89,688

inproceedings

rinsche-2005-computer

Computer-Assisted Multingual {E}-communication in a Variety of Application Areas

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.20/

Rinsche, Adriane

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

458--464

The paper describes the architecture and functionality of LTC Communicator, a software product from the Language Technology Centre Ltd, which offers an innovative and cost-effective response to the growing need for multilingual web based communication in various user contexts. LTC Communicator was originally developed to support software vendors operating in international markets facing the need to offer web based multilingual support to diverse customers in a variety of countries, where end users may not speak the same language as the helpdesk. This is followed by a short description of several additional application areas of this software for which LTC has received EU funding: The AMBIENT project carries out a market validation for multilingual and multimodal eLearning for business and innovation management, the EUCAM project tests multilingual eLearning in the automotive industry, including a major car manufacturer and the German and European Metal Workers Associations, and the ALADDIN project provides a mobile multilingual environment for tour guides, interacting between tour operators and tourists, with the objective of optimising their travel experience. Finally, a case study of multilingual email exchange in conjunction with web based product sales is described.

null

89,689

inproceedings

naskar-bandyopadhyay-2005-use

Use of Machine Translation in {I}ndia: Current Status

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.21/

Naskar, Sudip and Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

465--470

A survey of the machine translation systems that have been developed in India for translation from English to Indian languages and among Indian languages reveals that the MT softwares are used in field testing or are available as web translation service. These systems are also used for teaching machine translation to the students and researchers. Most of these systems are in the English-Hindi or Indian language-Indian language domain. The translation domains are mostly government documents/reports and news stories. There are a number of other MT systems that are at their various phases of development and have been demonstrated at various forums. Many of these systems cover other Indian languages beside Hindi.

null

89,690

inproceedings

barrett-levin-2005-usability

Usability Considerations for a Cellular-based Text Translator

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-posters.22/

Barrett, Leslie and Levin, Robert

Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit X: Posters

471--475

This paper describes a cellular-telephone-based text-to-text translation system developed at Transclick, Inc. The application translates messages bi-directionally in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. This paper describes design features uniquely suited to hand-held-device based translation systems. In particular, we discuss some of the usability conditions unique to this type of application and present strategies for overcoming usability obstacles encountered in the design phase of the product.

null

89,691

inproceedings

walker-2005-open

The Open {A}.{I}. Kit: General Machine Learning Modules from Statistical Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-osmtw.1/

Walker, Daniel J.

Workshop on open-source machine translation

1--6

The Open A.I. Kit implements the major components of Statistical Machine Translation as an accessible, extendable Software Development Kit with broad applicability beyond the field of Machine Translation. The high-level system design policies of the kit embrace the Open Source development model to provide a modular architecture and interface, which may serve as a basis for collaborative research and development for endeavors in Artificial Intelligence.

null

89,694

inproceedings

alegria-etal-2005-open

An Open Architecture for Transfer-based Machine Translation between {S}panish and {B}asque

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-osmtw.2/

Alegria, I{\~n}aki and Diaz de Ilarraza, Arantza and Labaka, Gorka and Lersundi, Mikel and Mayor, Aingeru and Sarasola, Kepa and Forcada, Mikel L. and Ortiz-Rojas, Sergio and Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'i}s

Workshop on open-source machine translation

7--14

We present the current status of development of an open architecture for the translation from Spanish into Basque. The machine translation architecture uses an open source analyser for Spanish and new modules mainly based on finite-state transducers. The project is integrated in the OpenTrad initiative, a larger government funded project shared among different universities and small companies, which will also include MT engines for translation among the main languages in Spain. The main objective is the construction of an open, reusable and interoperable framework. This paper describes the design of the engine, the formats it uses for the communication among the modules, the modules reused from other project named Matxin and the new modules we are building.

null

89,695

inproceedings

armentano-oller-etal-2005-open

An Open-Source Shallow-Transfer Machine Translation Toolbox: Consequences of Its Release and Availability

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-osmtw.4/

Armentano-Oller, Carme and Corb{\'i}-Bellot, Antonio M. and Forcada, Mikel L. and Ginest{\'i}-Rosell, Mireia and Bonev, Boyan and Ortiz-Rojas, Sergio and P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, Juan Antonio and Ram{\'i}rez-S{\'a}nchez, Gema and S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'i}nez, Felipe

Workshop on open-source machine translation

23--30

By the time Machine Translation Summit X is held in September 2005, our group will have released an open-source machine translation toolbox as part of a large government-funded project involving four universities and three linguistic technology companies from Spain. The machine translation toolbox, which will most likely be released under a GPL-like license includes (a) the open-source engine itself, a modular shallow-transfer machine translation engine suitable for related languages and largely based upon that of systems we have already developed, such as interNOSTRUM for Spanish{---}Catalan and Traductor Universia for Spanish{---}Portuguese, (b) extensive documentation (including document type declarations) specifying the XML format of all linguistic (dictionaries, rules) and document format management files, (c) compilers converting these data into the high-speed (tens of thousands of words a second) format used by the engine, and (d) pilot linguistic data for Spanish{---}Catalan and Spanish{---}Galician and format management specifications for the HTML, RTF and plain text formats. After describing very briefly this toolbox, this paper aims at exploring possible consequences of the availability of this architecture, including the community-driven development of machine translation systems for languages lacking this kind of linguistic technology.

null

89,697

inproceedings

brown-2005-context

Context-sensitive Retrieval for Example-based Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.2/

Brown, Ralf

Workshop on example-based machine translation

9--15

Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) systems have typically operated on individual sentences without taking into account prior context. By adding a simple reweighting of retrieved fragments of training examples on the basis of whether the previous translation retrieved any fragments from examples within a small window of the current instance, translation performance is improved. A further improvement is seen by performing a similar reweighting when another fragment of the current input sentence was retrieved from the same training example. Together, a simple, straightforward implementation of these two factors results in an improvement on the order of 1.0{--}1.6{\%} in the BLEU metric across multiple data sets in multiple languages.

null

89,699

inproceedings

carl-etal-2005-reversible

Reversible Template-based Shake {\&} Bake Generation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.3/

Carl, Michel and Schmidt, Paul and Sch{\"utz, J{\"org

Workshop on example-based machine translation

17--25

Corpus-based MT systems that analyse and generalise texts beyond the surface forms of words require generation tools to re-generate the various internal representations into valid target language (TL) sentences. While the generation of word-forms from lemmas is probably the last step in every text generation process at its very bottom end, token-generation cannot be accomplished without structural and morpho-syntactic knowledge of the sentence to be generated. As in many other MT models, this knowledge is composed of a target language model and a bag of information transferred from the source language. In this paper we establish an abstracted, linguistically informed, target language model. We use a tagger, a lemmatiser and a parser to infer a template grammar from the TL corpus. Given a linguistically informed TL model, the aim is to see what need be provided from the transfer module for generation. During computation of the template grammar, we simultaneously build up for each TL sentence the content of the bag such that the sentence can be deterministically reproduced. In this way we control the completeness of the approach and will have an idea of what pieces of information we need to code in the TL bag.

null

89,700

inproceedings

cicekli-2005-learning

Learning Translation Templates with Type Constraints

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.4/

Cicekli, Ilyas

Workshop on example-based machine translation

27--33

This paper presents a generalization technique that induces translation templates from given translation examples by replacing differing parts in these examples with typed variables. Since the type of each variable is also inferred during the learning process, each induced template is associated with a set of type constraints. The type constraints that are associated with a translation template restrict the usage of that translation template in certain contexts in order to avoid some of wrong translations. The types of variables are induced using the type lattices designed for both source language and target language. The proposed generalization technique has been implemented as a part of an EBMT system.

null

89,701

inproceedings

dirix-etal-2005-metisii

{METISII}: Example-based Machine Translation Using Monolingual {C}orpora{S}ystem Description

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.6/

Dirix, Peter and Schuurman, Ineke and Vandeghinste, Vincent

Workshop on example-based machine translation

43--50

The METIS-II project is an example-based machine translation system, making use of minimal resources and tools for both source and target language, making use of a target-language (TL) corpus, but not of any parallel corpora. In the current paper, we discuss the view of our team on the general philosophy and outline of the METIS-II system.

null

89,703

inproceedings

hutchins-2005-towards

Towards a Definition of Example-based Machine Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.9/

Hutchins, John

Workshop on example-based machine translation

63--70

The example-based approach to MT is becoming increasingly popular. However, such is the variety of techniques and methods used that it is difficult to discern the overall conception of what example-based machine translation (EBMT) is and/or what its practitioners conceive it to be. Although definitions of MT systems are notoriously complex, an attempt is made to define EBMT in contrast to other MT architectures (RBMT and SMT).

null

89,706

inproceedings

langlais-etal-2005-ebmt

{EBMT} by Tree-Phrasing: a Pilot Study

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.10/

Langlais, Philippe and Gotti, Fabrizio and Bourigault, Didier and Coulombe, Claude

Workshop on example-based machine translation

71--80

We present a study we conducted to build a repository storing associations between simple dependency treelets in a source language and their corresponding phrases in a target language. To assess the impact of this resource in EBMT, we used the repository to compute coverage statistics on a test bitext and on a n-best list of translation candidates produced by a standard phrase-based decoder.

null

89,707

inproceedings

lepage-denoual-2005-purest

The {\textquoteleft}purest' {EBMT} System Ever Built: No Variables, No Templates, No Training, Examples, Just Examples, Only Examples

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.11/

Lepage, Yves and Denoual, Etienne

Workshop on example-based machine translation

81--90

We designed, implemented and assessed an EBMT system that can be dubbed the {\textquotedblleft}purest ever built{\textquotedblright}: it strictly does not make any use of variables, templates or training, does not have any explicit transfer component, and does not require any preprocessing of the aligned examples. It uses a specific operation, namely proportional analogy, that implicitly neutralises divergences between languages and captures lexical and syntactical variations along the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes without explicitly decomposing sentences into fragments. In an experiment with a test set of 510 input sentences and an unprocessed corpus of almost 160,000 aligned sentences in Japanese and English, we obtained BLEU, NIST and mWER scores of 0.53, 8.53 and 0.39 respectively, well above a baseline simulating a translation memory.

null

89,708

inproceedings

markantonatou-etal-2005-monolingual

Monolingual Corpus-based {MT} Using Chunks

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.12/

Markantonatou, Stella and Sofianopoulos, Sokratis and Spilioti, Vassiliki and Tambouratzis, Yiorgos and Vassiliou, Marina and Yannoutsou, Olga and Ioannou, Nikos

Workshop on example-based machine translation

91--98

In the present article, a hybrid approach is proposed for implementing a machine translation system using a large monolingual corpus coupled with a bilingual lexicon and basic NLP tools. In the first phase of the METIS system, a source language (SL) sentence, after being tagged, lemmatised and translated by a flat lemma-to-lemma lexicon, was matched against a tagged and lemmatised target language (TL) corpus using a pattern matching algorithm. In the second phase, translations are generated by combining sub-sentential structures. In this paper, the main features of the second phase are discussed while the system architecture and the corresponding translation approach are presented. The proposed methodology is illustrated with examples of the translation process.

null

89,709

inproceedings

menezes-quirk-2005-dependency

Dependency Treelet Translation: The Convergence of Statistical and Example-based Machine-translation?

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.13/

Menezes, Arul and Quirk, Chris

Workshop on example-based machine translation

99--108

We describe a novel approach to machine translation that combines the strengths of the two leading corpus-based approaches: Phrasal SMT and EBMT. We use a syntactically informed decoder and reordering model based on the source dependency tree, in combination with conventional SMT models to incorporate the power of phrasal SMT with the linguistic generality available in a parser. We show that this approach significantly outperforms a leading string-based Phrasal SMT decoder and an EBMT system. We present results from two radically different language pairs, and investigate the sensitivity of this approach to parse quality by using two distinct parsers and oracle experiments. We also validate our automated BLEU scores with a small human evaluation.

null

89,710

inproceedings

morrissey-way-2005-example

An Example-Based Approach to Translating Sign Language

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.14/

Morrissey, Sara and Way, Andy

Workshop on example-based machine translation

109--116

Users of sign languages are often forced to use a language in which they have reduced competence simply because documentation in their preferred format is not available. While some research exists on translating between natural and sign languages, we present here what we believe to be the first attempt to tackle this problem using an example-based (EBMT) approach. Having obtained a set of English{--}Dutch Sign Language examples, we employ an approach to EBMT using the {\textquoteleft}Marker Hypothesis' (Green, 1979), analogous to the successful system of (Way {\&} Gough, 2003), (Gough {\&} Way, 2004a) and (Gough {\&} Way, 2004b). In a set of experiments, we show that encouragingly good translation quality may be obtained using such an approach.

null

89,711

inproceedings

paul-etal-2005-machine

A Machine Learning Approach to Hypotheses Selection of Greedy Decoding for {SMT}

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.15/

Paul, Michael and Sumita, Eiichiro and Yamamoto, Seiichi

Workshop on example-based machine translation

117--124

This paper proposes a method for integrating example-based and rule-based machine translation systems with statistical methods. It extends a greedy decoder for statistical machine translation (SMT), which searches for an optimal translation by using SMT models starting from a decoder seed, i.e., the source language input paired with an initial translation hypothesis. In order to reduce local optima problems inherent in the search, the outputs generated by multiple translation engines, such as rule-based (RBMT) and example-based (EBMT) systems, are utilized as the initial translation hypotheses. This method outperforms conventional greedy decoding approaches using initial translation hypotheses based on translation examples retrieved from a parallel text corpus. However, the decoding of multiple initial translation hypotheses is computationally expensive. This paper proposes a method to select a single initial translation hypothesis before decoding based on a machine learning approach that judges the appropriateness of multiple initial translation hypotheses and selects the most confident one for decoding. Our approach is evaluated for the translation of dialogues in the travel domain, and the results show that it drastically reduces computational costs without a loss in translation quality.

null

89,712

inproceedings

saha-bandyopadhyay-2005-semantics

A Semantics-based {E}nglish-{B}engali {EBMT} System for Translating News Headlines

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.16/

Saha, Diganta and Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji

Workshop on example-based machine translation

125--133

The paper reports an Example based Machine Translation System for translating News Headlines from English to Bengali. The input headline is initially searched in the Direct Example Base. If it cannot be found, the input headline is tagged and the tagged headline is searched in the Generalized Tagged Example Base. If a match is obtained, the tagged headline in Bengali is retrieved from the example base, the output Bengali headline is generated after retrieving the Bengali equivalents of the English words from appropriate dictionaries and then applying relevant synthesis rules for generating the Bengali surface level words. If some named entities and acronyms are not present in the dictionary, transliteration scheme is applied for obtaining the Bengali equivalent. If a match is not found, the tagged input headline is analysed to identify the constituent phrase(s). The target translation is generated using English-Bengali phrasal example base, appropriate dictionaries and a set of heuristics for Bengali phrase reordering. If the headline still cannot be translated using example base strategy, a heuristic translation strategy will be applied. Any new input tagged headline along with its translation by the user will be inserted in the tagged Example base after generalization.

null

89,713

inproceedings

vandeghinste-etal-2005-example

Example-based Translation Without Parallel Corpora: First Experiments on a Prototype

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-ebmt.17/

Vandeghinste, Vincent and Dirix, Peter and Schuurman, Ineke

Workshop on example-based machine translation

135--142

For the METIS-II project (IST, start: 10-2004 {--} end: 09-2007) we are working on an example-based machine translation system, making use of minimal resources and tools for both source and target language, i.e. making use of a target language corpus, but not of any parallel corpora. In the current paper, we present the results of the first experiments with our approach (CCL) within the METIS consortium : the translation of noun phrases from Dutch to English, using the British National Corpus as a target language corpus. Future research is planned along similar lines for the sentence as is presented here for the noun phrase.

null

89,714

inproceedings

neumann-2005-human

A Human-Aided Machine Translation System for {J}apanese-{E}nglish Patent Translation

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-wpt.1/

Neumann, Christoph

Workshop on patent translation

1--7

The approach presented here enables Japanese users with no knowledge of English or legal English to generate patent claims in English from a Japanese-only interface. It exploits the highly determined structure of patent claims and merges Natural Language Generation (NLG) and Machine Translation (MT) techniques and resources as realized in the AutoPat and PC-Transfer applications. Due to its tuned MT engine, the approach can be seen as a human-aided machine translation (HAMT) system circumventing major obstacles in full-scale Japanese-English MT. The approach is fully implemented on a large scale and will be commercially released in autumn 2005.

null

89,715

inproceedings

sheremetyeva-2005-embedding

Embedding {MT} for Generating Patent Claims in {E}nglish from a Multilingual Interface

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-wpt.2/

Sheremetyeva, Svetlana

Workshop on patent translation

8--15

In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of interactive domain-tuned patent tools for generating patent claims in English from non-English interfaces. The methodology is based on a merger of an interactive English-to-English patent claim generator, AutoPat1 and any external MT engine that might be appropriate for a certain language. The translation procedure is reduced to translation words and phrases rather than a complex claim sentence. The approach has been successfully used in The J-E patent system 2 , a patent claim generator in English from a Japanese-only interface, and in Dan-Pat3, a similar tool for the Danish-English pair of languages. The two systems use different MT engines but feature similar overall architecture. The methodology is portable to other languages and MT engines.

null

89,716

inproceedings

yokoyama-kaneda-2005-classification

Classification of Modified Relationships in {J}apanese Patent Sentences

null

sep # " 13-15"

2005

Phuket, Thailand

null

https://aclanthology.org/2005.mtsummit-wpt.3/

Yokoyama, Shoichi and Kaneda, Yuya

Workshop on patent translation

16--20

It is well known that sentences in Japanese patents have long and complicated structures, especially necessary conditions and details. Here, patent sentences are analyzed and classified by pattern of modified relationships. Morphemes were first extracted using the famous morpheme analysis tool Chasen, and then the modified relations were extracted using the software Cabocha. Many modification mistakes were caused by long complicated structures, which required correction by humans. In the process of correction, the modification structure patterns were classified using about 200 sentences. This clarified the characteristics of Japanese patent sentences, and it is useful in machine translation of patent sentences.

null

89,717