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(b) 在为残疾人，特别是智力或社会心理残疾者、失明或聋人以及患有自闭症或侏儒症的人实施无障碍措施方面缺乏进展。
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(b) The lack of progress made in implementing accessibility measures for persons with disabilities, particularly persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, persons who are blind or deaf, and persons with autism or with dwarfism.
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17. 参照委员会关于无障碍性和可持续发展目标 9 以及具体目标 11.2 和 11.7的第 2 号一般性意见(2014 年)，委员会建议缔约国采取一切立法和预算措施，确保所有领域，包括向公众开放或提供的建筑物或设施如交通运输和信息设施的无障碍性，委员会还建议缔约国确保向公众开放或提供的地方有盲文和易读格式的标识和信息，并提供现场协助和中介，包括指南、读本和专业手语翻译，以方便建筑物和公共服务的无障碍性，特别是对于有感官或智力障碍的人。委员会尤其
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17. With reference to the Committee’s general comment No. 2 (2014) on accessibility and Sustainable Development Goal 9 and targets 11.2 and 11.7, the Committee recommends that the State party take all legislative and budgetary measures to ensure accessibility in all areas, including buildings and facilities open or provided to the public, such as transport and information and communications facilities. The Committee also recommends that the State party ensure that places open or provided to the public have signage and information in Braille and in Easy Read formats, and that live assistance and intermediaries, including guides, readers and professional sign language interpreters, are provided to facilitate the accessibility of buildings and public services, particularly for persons with sensory or intellectual impairments. In particular, the Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 确保与公共行政和采购有关的所有法律和措施都包括残疾人无障碍的要求，包括通过普遍设计；
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(a) Ensure that all laws and measures relating to public administration and procurement include the requirement of accessibility for persons with disabilities, including through universal design;
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(b) 建立监测机制，让残疾人组织参与，确保达到无障碍标准，并确保落实对不遵守无障碍标准的相关制裁。
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(b) Establish monitoring mechanisms with the involvement of organizations of persons with disabilities to ensure that accessibility standards are met and that relevant sanctions for non-compliance with accessibility standards are enforced.
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生命权(第十条)
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Right to life (art. 10)
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18. 委员会关注的是：
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18. The Committee is concerned about:
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(a) 关于亲密伴侣对精神残疾妇女施暴的暴力案件报告，在某些案件中造成她们死亡；
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(a) Reported cases of violence against women with psychosocial disabilities perpetrated by their intimate partners, which in some cases resulted in their death;
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(b) 精神病院因非自愿拘束和不当医疗而导致社会心理残疾人死亡的报
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(b) Reported deaths of persons with psychosocial disabilities resulting from involuntary restraint and improper medical treatment in psychiatric hospitals;
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(c) 由于专业援助和支助不足而导致残疾人死亡的报告。
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(c) Reported deaths of persons with disabilities resulting from insufficient professional assistance and support.
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19. 委员会建议缔约国采取一切适当措施，解决针对心理残疾妇女的基于性别的暴力行为，并为侵犯其人权的行为提供预防、调查和补救，并起诉责任人。委员会还建议缔约国确保残疾人可以利用为在公共或私人领域遭受暴力的人提供的服务和设施，包括庇护所、受害者支助服务以及报告和申诉机制，包括性别和儿童权利观点，并且是保密的。委员会还建议缔约国确保执法官员、司法人员以及卫生和社会工作者接受关于预防和侦查对残疾人的暴力和虐待的强制性和定期培训。
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19. The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to address gender-based violence against women with psychosocial disabilities and to prevent, investigate and provide redress for violations of their human rights, and prosecute those who are responsible. The Committee also recommends that the State party ensure that services and facilities, including shelters, victim support services and reporting and complaint mechanisms, for persons experiencing violence in the public or private spheres are accessible to persons with disabilities, include a gender and a child rights perspective and are confidential. The Committee also recommends that the State party ensure that law enforcement officials, members of the judiciary and health and social workers receive mandatory and regular training on the prevention and detection of violence and abuse against persons with disabilities.
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风险和人道主义紧急情况(第十一条)
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Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies (art. 11)
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20. 委员会感到关切的是，与风险和人道主义紧急情况有关的立法、议定书和计划没有充分考虑到所有残疾人的具体要求。
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20. The Committee is concerned that legislation, protocols and plans relating to situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies do not sufficiently take into account the specific requirements of all persons with disabilities.
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21. 委员会建议缔约国根据《2015-2030 年仙台减少灾害风险框架》并通过残疾人组织的积极参与，制定和通过具体的立法、议定书、计划和措施，以保护和在风险和人道主义紧急情况下拯救所有残疾人，其中考虑到所有残疾人的具体要求。
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21. The Committee recommends that the State party, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and through the active participation of organizations of persons with disabilities, design and adopt specific legislation, protocols, plans and measures for the protection and rescue of all persons with disabilities in situations of risk and in humanitarian emergencies, which take into account the specific requirements of all persons with disabilities.
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在法律面前获得平等承认(第十二条)
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Equal recognition before the law (art. 12)
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22. 委员会感到关切的是，缔约国的《民法》允许基于残疾理由剥夺人的法律行为能力，并保持着替代决策的制度。
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22. The Committee is concerned that the Civil Code of the State party allows for the deprivation of the legal capacity of a person based on disability and maintains substituted decision-making regimes.
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23. 委员会回顾其关于法律面前平等承认的第 1 号一般性意见(2014 年)，建议缔约国废除所有歧视性法律规定，以便彻底废除替代决策制度，承认所有人的全部法律行为能力。残疾人并介绍支持尊重残疾人尊严、自主权、意愿和偏好的决策机制。
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23. Recalling its general comment No. 1 (2014) on equal recognition before the law, the Committee recommends that the State party repeal all discriminatory legal provisions with a view to fully abolishing substituted decision-making regimes, recognize the full legal capacity of all persons with disabilities and introduce supported decision-making mechanisms that respect the dignity, autonomy, will and preferences of persons with disabilities.
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诉诸司法(第十三条)
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Access to justice (art. 13)
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24. 委员会关注的是：
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24. The Committee is concerned about:
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(a) 执法机构和司法机关所在的建筑物普遍缺乏无障碍性，司法程序中缺乏考虑到残疾人，包括感官、智力或社会心理残疾多样性的对性别和年龄适当的程序性便利；
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(a) The widespread lack of accessibility of buildings in which law enforcement agencies and judicial bodies are located, and the lack of overall procedural gender- and age-appropriate accommodation in judicial proceedings that takes into consideration the diversity among persons with disabilities, including persons with sensory, intellectual or psychosocial disabilities;
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(b) 阻碍替代决策制度下的人在与他人平等的基础上参与法律诉讼的障碍，包括破坏心理社会或智力残疾者的证词可信度；
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(b) The barriers that prevent persons under substituted decision-making regimes from participating in legal proceedings on an equal basis with others, including by undermining the testimonial credibility of persons with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities;
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(c) 律师、法院工作人员、法官、检察官和执法官员对《公约》条款的整体认识不足。
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(c) The overall lack of awareness about the provisions of the Convention among lawyers, court staff, judges, prosecutors and law enforcement officials.
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25. 委员会建议缔约国：
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25. The Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 颁布立法，消除残疾人诉诸司法的障碍，保证提供适合性别和年龄的程序性便利，并制定相关保障措施，使残疾人能够与其他人一样参与所有法律诉讼程序，帮助他们在司法互动中使用他们选择的交流方法，包括手语、盲文、简易阅读、字幕、增强和替代通信设备，以及所有其他可访问的手段、模式和通信格式；
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(a) Enact legislation to remove barriers for persons with disabilities in their access to justice, to guarantee the provision of procedural gender- and age-appropriate accommodation and establish relevant safeguards to enable the participation of persons with disabilities in all legal proceedings on an equal basis with others, through facilitating the use of the communication method of their choice in judicial interactions, including sign language, Braille, Easy Read, captioning, augmentative and alternative communication devices, and all other accessible means, modes and formats of communication;
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(b) 在执行第 23 段所载的建议时，确保个人的受监护身份和残疾类型不妨碍其本人完全诉诸司法，并为心理社会或智力残疾人和性别暴力受害者提供具体支助；
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(b) In its implementation of the recommendation contained in paragraph 23, ensure that a person’s guardianship status and type of disability does not prevent his or her full access to justice, and that specific support is provided for persons with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities and victims of gender-based violence;
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(c) 确保为律师、法院工作人员、法官、检察官和执法人员，包括警察和监狱官员执行定期培训方案和开展提高认识运动，以便为残疾人提供诉诸司法的
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(c) Ensure regular training programmes and awareness-raising campaigns for lawyers, court staff, judges, prosecutors and law enforcement officers, including police and prison officers, on the need to provide access to justice for persons with disabilities;
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(d) 在执行可持续发展目标的具体目标 16.3 时坚持《公约》第十三条。
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(d) Adhere to article 13 of the Convention in its implementation of target 16.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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自由和人身安全(第十四条)
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Liberty and security of the person (art. 14)
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26. 委员会关切的是：
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26. The Committee is concerned that:
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(a) 《民事诉讼法》第 763 条仍然允许迫使心理社会或智力残疾人非自愿收容，自由可能被剥夺并遭受强迫医疗和机械约束；
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(a) Article 763 of the Civil Procedure Act still allows for persons with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities to be subjected to involuntary commitment in institutions where they can be deprived of their liberty and subjected to forced medical treatment and mechanical restraint;
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(b) 把对心理残疾者使用药物，作为获得社会心理支持和住房服务的必要条件；
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(b) The use of medication is imposed on persons with psychosocial disabilities as a requirement for gaining access to psychosocial support and housing services;
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(c) 保健专业人员对《公约》所载义务缺乏认识，导致错误地把强制收容和机械限制当作治疗措施；
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(c) The lack of awareness among health-care professionals about the obligations contained in the Convention leads to forced institutionalization and mechanical restraint being wrongfully justified as therapeutic measures;
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(d) 《刑事诉讼法》中缺乏确保残疾人获得无障碍、个性化的合理便利和支持的充分规定。
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(d) The lack of sufficient provisions within the Criminal Procedure Act to ensure accessibility, individualized reasonable accommodation and support for detained persons with disabilities.
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27. 委员会建议缔约国：
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27. The Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 修订或废除所有法律规定，包括《民事诉讼法》第 763 条，禁止以残疾为由强制收容和治疗，并确保精神卫生规定以人权为基础；
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(a) Revise or repeal all legal provisions, including article 763 of the Civil Procedure Act, to prohibit forced institutionalization and treatment on the grounds of disability and to ensure that mental health provisions are human-rights based;
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(b) 废除使用精神病药物作为获得社会心理支持和住房服务的条件的要求；
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(b) Repeal the requirement on the use of psychiatric medication in order togain access to psychosocial support and housing services;
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(c) 向精神保健专业人员提供与残疾人组织协商制定的关于残疾人权利和《公约》所载义务的认识和能力建设培训；
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(c) Provide mental health professionals with awareness-raising and capacity-building training developed in consultation with organizations of persons with disabilities on the rights of persons with disabilities and the obligations enshrined in the Convention;
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(d) 在正在接受调查或起诉的残疾人的刑事诉讼的所有阶段，确保无障碍和程序便利，包括支持残疾人参与决策和保障其辩护权的规定。
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(d) Ensure accessibility and procedural accommodation, including provisions to support persons with disabilities in decision-making and to guarantee their right to a defence, at all stages of criminal proceedings for persons with disabilities who are under investigation or being prosecuted.
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28. 委员会呼吁缔约国，在关于《生物学和医学应用保护人权和尊严公约》题为“在非自愿安置和非自愿治疗方面保护精神障碍者的人权和尊严”的附加议定书草案所有区域讨论中遵守在《公约》第十四条下的义务并遵循委员会关于第十四条的指南(2015 年)。
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28. The Committee calls upon the State party to adhere to its obligations under article 14 of the Convention and be guided by the Committee’s guidelines on article 14 (2015) throughout the regional discussions concerning the draft additional protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine, entitled “The protection of human rights and dignity of persons with mental disorder with regard to involuntary placement and involuntary treatment”.
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免于酷刑和残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚(第十五条)
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Freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 15)
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29. 委员会感到关切的是，关于患者自主的法律第 9 条和《民事诉讼法》第763 条允许残疾人使用物理、机械和化学的拘束手段，包括强迫服药、过度服药、电痉挛治疗或未经其自由和知情同意的其他治疗或承诺。委员会还关切有报告称，缔约国在实践中故意歪曲强迫同意为知情同意。委员会还关注被收容的残疾人，特别是智障人士有可能遭受侮辱或虐待。委员会对缔约国缺乏一个独立的基于人权的监测精神卫生机构的机制表示关注。
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29. The Committee is concerned that article 9 of the law on patient autonomy and article 763 of the Civil Procedure Act allow for the use on persons with disabilities of physical, mechanical and chemical restraints, including forced medication, overmedication, electroconvulsive therapy and other treatment or commitment without their free and informed consent. The Committee is also concerned about reports of the intentional misrepresentation of forced consent as informed consent, in practice, in the State party. The Committee is also concerned that persons with disabilities in institutions, in particular persons with intellectual disabilities, are at risk of being subjected to humiliation or ill-treatment. It is concerned about the absence of an independent human rights-based mechanism for monitoring mental health facilities in the State party.
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30. 委员会建议缔约国：
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30. The Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 在所有情况下，在与残疾有关的理由中消除使用拘束措施；
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(a) Eliminate the use of restraint measures for reasons relating to disability in all settings;
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(b) 在精神卫生系统的所有程序和阶段确保有关人员的自由和知情同意；
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(b) Ensure the free and informed consent of the person concerned in all procedures and stages of the mental health system;
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(c) 立即采取行动，消除对残疾人的任何残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇；
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(c) Take immediate action to eliminate any cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of persons with disabilities;
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(d) 在社会心理残疾者组织平等和积极参与的情况下，建立一个独立的基于人权的机制，监测所有自治社区的精神保健设施和服务。
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(d) With the equal and active participation of organizations of persons with psychosocial disabilities, establish an independent human rights-based mechanism for monitoring mental health facilities and services in all autonomous communities.
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免于剥削，暴力和虐待(第十六条)
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Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse (art. 16)
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31. 委员会关注的是：
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31. The Committee is concerned about:
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(a) 仍然生活在收容机构中的残疾人，特别是有智力或社会心理残疾的妇女，她们面临羞辱、虐待和暴力包括性暴力的高风险；
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(a) Persons with disabilities still living in institutions, and in particular women with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities who are exposed to a high risk of humiliation, abuse and violence, including sexual violence;
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(b) 缺乏按性别和年龄分列的关于医院特别是精神病院和拘束场所发生的暴力和虐待案件的具体数据；
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(b) The lack of concrete data, disaggregated by sex and age, on cases of violence and abuse committed in hospitals, particularly psychiatric hospitals, and places of detention;
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(c) 遭受基于性别的暴力行为的残疾妇女，有时由于无法找到庇护之地而被排除在支助方案之外，并且“精神损害”的诊断可能被作为拒绝提供支持服务的理由；
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(c) Women with disabilities who are victims of gender-based violence, who are in some cases excluded from support programmes due to the lack of accessibility of shelters and the fact that a diagnosis of “mental impairment” may be considered a reason to deny support services;
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(d) 总体上缺乏预防和发现精神保健设施中基于性别的暴力案件的战略；
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(d) The overall lack of a strategy to prevent and detect cases of gender-based violence in mental health facilities;
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(e) 缺乏关于残疾人，特别是妇女在公共和私人领域，包括工作场所和专门精神保健机构中受到暴力和歧视的官方记录和数据。
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(e) The lack of official records and data on the violence and discrimination to which persons with disabilities, particularly women, are exposed in both the public and private spheres, including in the workplace and in specialized mental health institutions.
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32. 鉴于缔约国努力终止对残疾人的机构收容，委员会建议缔约国：
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32. In light of the State party’s efforts to end the institutionalization of persons with disabilities, the Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 采取一切可能措施，确保目前在缔约国境内活动的机构保证所有残疾人的安全和尊严；
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(a) Take all possible measures to ensure that institutions currently operating in the State party ensure safety and dignity for all persons with disabilities;
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(b) 加强现有的机制和文书，以防止对残疾人特别是妇女和女孩的暴力和虐待，并根据《公约》第十六条第(三)款监测旨在为残疾人提供服务的设施和方案；
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(b) Strengthen the mechanisms and protocols already in place to prevent violence and abuse against persons with disabilities, particularly women and girls, and to monitor, in line with article 16 (3) of the Convention, facilities and programmes designed to serve persons with disabilities;
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(c) 确保所有残疾妇女能够充分进入援助方案，包括基于性别的暴力受害者的无障碍庇护所，并取消所有可能拒绝为心理残疾妇女提供支助服务的资格标准；
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(c) Ensure full access for all women with disabilities to assistance programmes, including accessible shelters for victims of gender-based violence, and remove all eligibility criteria that may deny access to support services for women with psychosocial disabilities;
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(d) 将性别观点纳入与精神保健服务有关的政策的主流，并实施旨在预防和侦查基于性别的暴力的战略，并对相关案件进行适当干预；
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(d) Mainstream a gender perspective into policies relating to mental health services and implement strategies aimed at the prevention and detection of gender-based violence and appropriate intervention in related cases;
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(e) 收集关于残疾人，特别是妇女在公共和私人领域包括工作场所和精神保健机构中所受暴力和歧视的数据并实行监测。
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(e) Collect data on and monitor the violence and discrimination to which persons with disabilities, particularly women, are exposed, both in the public and private spheres, including in the workplace and in mental health institutions.
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保护人身完整性(第十七条)
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Protecting the integrity of the person (art. 17)
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33. 委员会深为关切的是，残疾妇女和女童继续遭受强迫绝育和堕胎。委员会还关切的是，在缔约国内行医治疗可不经有关人员的自由和知情同意。
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33. The Committee is deeply concerned that women and girls with disabilities continue to be subjected to forced sterilization and abortion. It is also concerned that medical treatment without the free and informed consent of the person concerned is practised in the State party.
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34. 委员会重申其先前的结论性意见(CRPD/C/ESP/CO/1，第 38 段)中提出的建议，并敦促缔约国废除第 10/1995 号《组织法》第 156 条，以全面废除未经有关人员充分知情同意对任何残疾人进行绝育、医疗和研究的做法。
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34. The Committee reiterates the recommendation made in its previous concluding observations (CRPD/C/ESP/CO/1, para. 38) and urges the State party to repeal article 156 of Organic Act No. 10/1995 to fully abolish the administration of sterilization, medical treatment and research on all persons with disabilities without the full and informed consent of the person concerned.
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流动自由和国籍(第十八条)
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Liberty of movement and nationality (art. 18)
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35. 委员会对缔约国境内难民和寻求庇护的残疾人的不稳定状况及无法采用难民身份确定程序感到关切。委员会还对在政策和措施中缺乏性别观点感到关切。难民和寻求庇护的残疾人以及在接待中心工作的专业人员普遍缺乏对这些人的权利的了解。
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35. The Committee is concerned about the precarious situation of refugees and asylum-seeking persons with disabilities in the State party and that refugee status determination procedures are not accessible. The Committee is also concerned about the lack of a gender perspective in policies and measures for refugees and asylum-seeking persons with disabilities and the general lack of knowledge among professionals working in reception centres of the rights of those persons.
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36. 委员会建议缔约国确保所有难民身份确定程序和社会保护方案，包括残疾支助计划，都可供居住在缔约国的所有非国民残疾人使用，并且不得在法律和实践中加以歧视。委员会还建议缔约国制定具体的性别敏感政策，确保寻求庇护者能够得到接待中心的充分帮助。委员会建议缔约国为在接待中心工作的专业人员和公务员提供有关残疾人权利的培训。
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36. The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that all refugee status determination procedures and social protection programmes, including disability support schemes, are accessible for all non-nationals with disabilities residing in the State party and do not discriminate against them in law and in practice. The Committee also recommends that the State party design specific gender-sensitive policies and ensure that reception centres are fully accessible for asylum seekers. The Committee recommends that the State party provide training for professionals and civil servants working in reception centres on the rights of persons with disabilities.
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独立生活并融入社区(第十九条)
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Living independently and being included in the community (art. 19)
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37. 委员会关注的是：
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37. The Committee is concerned about:
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(a) 尽管某些自治社区出现了积极的发展，但由于非个性化的资格标准以及缺乏基于人权的个性化支助办法，个人援助的获取有限；
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(a) The limited access to personal assistance, despite positive developments in some autonomous communities, due to non-personalized eligibility criteria and the lack of a human rights-based approach to individualized support;
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(b) 继续投入公共资金建设新的残疾人住宿机构；
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(b) The continuing investment of public funds in the construction of new residential institutions for persons with disabilities;
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(c) 缺乏去收容战略和行动计划以促进社区内所有残疾人的独立生活。
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(c) The lack of a deinstitutionalization strategy and action plan to promote independent living for all persons with disabilities within their community.
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38. 参照委员会关于独立生活和被纳入社区的第 5 号一般性意见(2017 年)，委员会建议缔约国与残疾人组织协商：
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38. With reference to the Committee’s general comment No. 5 (2017) on living independently and being included in the community, the Committee recommends that the State party, in consultation with organizations of persons with disabilities:
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(a) 在法律上承认获得个人援助的权利，确保所有残疾人都有权获得个人援助，具有在社区中独立生活的个人化标准，并获得广泛的以个人为导向或由用户主导的支持，对服务的提供实行自我管理；
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(a) Recognize the right to personal assistance in law, ensuring that all persons with disabilities are entitled to personal assistance, with individualized criteria for their independent living in the community and with access to a wide range of person-directed or user-led support and the self-management of service delivery;
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(b) 停止使用公共资金为残疾人建造住宿机构，并在社区和所有一般服务部门投资于独立生活安排，使这些安排具有包容性，保证所有残疾人无障碍和可利用，确保在所有生活领域的包容和参与；
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(b) Discontinue the use of public funds to build residential institutions for persons with disabilities and invest in independent living arrangements in the community and in all general services to make those arrangements inclusive, guaranteeing their accessibility and availability for all persons with disabilities, to enable their inclusion and participation in all spheres of life;
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(c) 设计、采用和实施全面的去收容战略并实施保障措施，确保在所有区域独立生活和被纳入社区的权利，将资源从收容机构转向社区服务，并增加对残疾人的预算支持以加强他们平等获得服务包括个人援助的机会。
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(c) Design, adopt and implement a comprehensive deinstitutionalization strategy and implement safeguards to ensure the right to live independently and be included in the community across all regions, by redirecting resources from institutions to community-based services and increasing budgetary support for persons with disabilities to enhance their equal access to services, including personal assistance.
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表达和意见自由以及获取信息的机会(第二十一条)
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Freedom of expression and opinion, and access to information (art. 21)
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39. 委员会感到关切的是：
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39. The Committee is concerned about the limited availability of:
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(a) 缔约国的手语口译员为数不足；
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(a) Sign language interpreters in the State party;
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(b) 因资格年龄限制以及缺乏措施确保负担能力而造成对听力障碍者的技术援助有限；
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(b) Technical aids for persons with hearing impairments due to eligibility age limits and the lack of measures to ensure their affordability;
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(c) 残疾人无障碍和可用格式的新闻和大众媒体有限。
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(c) Public information and mass media in accessible and usable formats for persons with disabilities.
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40. 委员会建议缔约国：
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40. The Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 确保为聋人提供充分的手语口译服务，并增加手语口译员的培训，特别是在农村地区；
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(a) Ensure full access to sign language interpretation services for persons who are deaf and increase the training of sign language interpreters, particularly in rural areas;
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(b) 确保所有有听力障碍的人都有资格获得负担得起的技术援助；
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(b) Ensure that all persons with hearing impairments are eligible for affordable technical aids;
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(c) 采取措施，促进私营部门网站和移动应用的可用性；
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(c) Take measures to promote the accessibility of websites and mobile applications in the private sector;
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(d) 在大众媒体和公共信息中开发和使用无障碍通信格式，如盲文、聋盲解释、手语、简易阅读、简明语言、音频描述和字幕，并为根据《公约》第二十四条第(三)款和第二十九条(b)项、委员会关于无障碍设施的第 2 号一般性意见(2014 年)及欧洲联盟修订关于协调会员国根据不断变化的市场现实提供视听媒体服务的法律、法规或行政行动规定的某些条文的第 2010/13 号指令的第2018/1808 号指令第 7 条为开发、推广和使用这些格式调拨充分的资金。
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(d) Develop and use accessible communication formats, such as Braille, deaf-blind interpretation, sign language, Easy Read, plain language, audio description, captioning and subtitles, in the mass media and for public information, and allocate adequate funding for the development, promotion and use of those formats, in accordance with articles 24 (3) and 29 (b) of the Convention, the Committee’s general comment No. 2 (2014) on accessibility and article 7 of European Union Directive 2018/1808, amending Directive 2010/13 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services in view of changing market realities.
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尊重隐私(第二十二条)
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Respect for privacy (art. 22)
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41. 委员会感到关切的是，智力或社会心理残疾者的隐私权在收治机构和精神保健机构中受到广泛侵犯，包括剥夺个人财物，以及缺乏有关探视以及与设施外的人接触的灵活和起码的制度。委员会还关注有关在病房安装视频监控摄像头和精神卫生保健部门患者机密信息泄漏的报道。
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41. The Committee is concerned that the rightto privacy of persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities is widely violated in institutions and mental health facilities, including through the deprivation of personal belongings and an inflexible and minimal regime of visits and contact with persons outside the facilities. The Committee is also concerned about reports of video surveillance cameras placed in the rooms of patients and leaks of confidential information on patients across the mental health-care sector.
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42. 委员会建议缔约国采取有效措施，确保智力或社会心理残疾者的隐私，包括收治机构和精神卫生系统和服务中的信息及其个人医疗记录的机密性。
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42. The Committee recommends that the State party implement effective measures to ensure the privacy of persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, including the confidentiality of information and of their personal medical records, in institutions and mental health systems and services.
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尊重家庭和家庭(第二十三条)
|
Respect for home and the family (art. 23)
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43. 委员会关注的是：
|
43. The Committee is concerned about:
|
(a) 缺乏支持残疾儿童及其家庭的适当政策和相关服务；
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(a) The lack of adequate policies and related services to support children with disabilities and their families;
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(b) 司法和社会服务部门的工作人员对残疾人的父母身份能力持续存在偏见和陈规定型观念。
|
(b) The persistence of bias and stereotyping among staff belonging to the justice and social service sectors concerning the parenthood capacity of persons with disabilities.
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44. 委员会建议缔约国：
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44. The Committee recommends that the State party:
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(a) 制定适当的政策，并为残疾儿童留在家庭环境中提供必要的支持，包括通过促进与寄养家庭有关的服务；
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(a) Develop adequate policies and provide the support necessary for children with disabilities to remain in a family setting, including through the promotion of foster family-related services;
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(b) 提供支持，使残疾父母能够保留对其子女的全部父母责任，并促进他们为人父母和过家庭生活的能力和权利的正面形象。
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(b) Provide support to enable parents with disabilities to retain full parental responsibility of their children and promote a positive image of their capacities and rights to parenthood and family life.
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教育(第二十四条)
|
Education (art. 24)
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45. 委员会感到关切的是，缔约国在包容性教育方面取得的进展有限，包括缺乏明确的促进包容式教育的政策和行动计划。委员会特别关切的是，缔约国维持了关于特殊教育的全部监管规定和基于医学残障的方法。委员会感到关切的是，大量残疾儿童，包括自闭症、智力或心理社会残疾和多重残疾儿童，仍在接受隔离式的特殊教育。
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45. The Committee is concerned about the limited progress made by the State party with regard to inclusive education, including the lack of a clear policy and action plan for the promotion of inclusive education. The Committee is particularly concerned that the State party has maintained all regulatory provisions on special education and a medical impairment-based approach. The Committee is concerned that a high number of children with disabilities, including autism, intellectual or psychosocial and multiple disabilities, are still receiving segregated special education.
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46. 委员会回顾其关于包容性教育权利的第 4 (2016)号一般性意见以及《可持续发展目标》的具体目标 4.5 和 4.A，重申其根据《公约任择议定书》第 6 条对西班牙进行调查的报告(CRPD/C/20/3)中提出的建议，敦促缔约国根据《公约》加快立法改革，以便在每个教育层面明确界定包容性及其具体目标。委员会建议缔约方采取措施将包容性教育视为一项权利，并允许所有残疾学生，无论其个人特征如何，都有权在主流教育系统中获得包容性学习机会，并获得所需的支持服务。委员会还建议缔约国执行该调查报告中的所有其他建议。
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46. Recalling its general comment No. 4 (2016) on the right to inclusive education and targets 4.5 and 4.A of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Committee reiterates the recommendations provided in its report on the inquiry concerning Spain under article 6 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention (CRPD/C/20/3), urging the State party to expedite legislative reform in line with the Convention, in order to clearly define inclusion and its specific objectives at each educational level. The Committee recommends that the State party take measures to view inclusive education as a right, and grant all students with disabilities, regardless of their personal characteristics, the right to access inclusive learning opportunities in the mainstream education system, with access to support services as required. The Committee also recommends that the State party implement all other recommendations contained in the report on the inquiry.
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47. 委员会建议缔约国制定一项全面的包容性教育政策，制定促进主流教育包容文化的战略，包括对教育要求和必要住宿、给予教师的支持、尊重多样性以确保平等和不歧视的权利、以及残疾人充分和有效参与社会的权利开展基于人权的个性化评估。
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47. The Committee recommends that the State party formulate a comprehensive inclusive education policy with strategies for promoting a culture of inclusion in mainstream education, including individualized human-rights based assessments of educational requirements and necessary accommodation, support for teachers, respect for diversity in ensuring the rights to equality and non-discrimination, and the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in society.
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健康(第二十五条)
|
Health (art. 25)
|
48. 委员会对以下方面的提供有限感到关切：(a) 为残疾人提供的保健服务，特别是在农村地区；(b) 与健康有关的信息和适当的通讯手段，特别是对失聪或失明的人和智障人士；(c) 残疾妇女的妇科和产科护理。
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48. The Committee is concerned about the limited accessibility of: (a) Health-care services for persons with disabilities, particularly in rural areas; (b) Health-related information and appropriate means of communication, particularly for persons who are deaf or blind and persons with intellectual disabilities; (c) Gynaecological and obstetric care for women with disabilities.
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49. 委员会建议缔约国：(a) 确保所有残疾人，特别是农村地区的残疾人获得和为其提供保健服务；(b) 确保残疾人获得无障碍信息，并为保健服务提供其他通信手段，例如手语翻译、盲文、易读格式和为此目的所需的所有补充手段；(c) 保证普遍获得无障碍性健康和生殖保健服务，包括计划生育及信息和教育，特别是用于帮助残疾妇女和女童，并将生殖健康权纳入国家战略和方案，如可持续发展目标的具体目标 3.7 所述。
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49. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Ensure the accessibility and availability of health-care services for all persons with disabilities, particularly in rural areas; (b) Ensure that persons with disabilities have accessible information and that health-care services are provided with alternative means of communication, such as sign language interpretation, Braille, Easy Read and all required augmentative means for that purpose; (c) Guarantee universal access to accessible sexual and reproductive health-care services, including family planning, and information and education, particularly for women and girls with disabilities, and integrate the right to reproductive health into national strategies and programmes, as set out in target 3.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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