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A. 概况
A. General
27. 根据 2018/19 年度预算书，教育和劳动力发展部获得 1.405 亿美元预算拨款，相当于 2018/19 年度政府总支出概算的 11.9%，增加了 580 万美元，用于增加劳动力培训及开发和提升教育课程的支出。
27. According to the 2018/19 budget statement, the Ministry of Education and Workforce Development is to be allocated a budget of $140.5 million, equivalent to 11.9 per cent of the total government expenditure estimated for 2018/19 and an increase of $5.8 million, in order to cover expenditure for additional workforce training and the development and enhancement of educational programmes.
B. 劳工
B. Labour
28. 领土政府 2017 年就业情况调查的初步数据显示，百慕大的职位总数略有增加，从 2016 年的 33 481 个增至 2017 年的 33 521 个，但 2008 年的职位最多，达到 40 213 个。关于 2016 年的就业数据，据管理国称，百慕大的就业者人数增加了 0.4%，从 2016 年的 23 494 人增至 2017 年的 23 578 人。自 2015 年以来，官方失业率一直维持在 7%。
28. Preliminary data from the 2017 employment survey by the territorial Government indicate that the total number of jobs in Bermuda increased slightly, from 33,481 in 2016 to 33,521 in 2017, while the number of jobs peaked in 2008, at 40,213. With regard to the employment data in 2016, according to the administering Power, the number of Bermudian job holders increased by 0.4 per cent, from 23,494 in 2016 to 23,578 in 2017. The official unemployment rate has remained at 7 per cent since 2015.
29. 据管理国称，教育和劳动力发展部劳动力发展司计划于 2018 年出台一项国家劳动力发展战略计划，取代原先制定的国家培训计划第 2 部分，目的是制定改善经济、创造新就业机会的战略。
29. According to the administering Power, the Department of Workforce Development of the Ministry of Education and Workforce Development plans to launch a national strategic workforce development plan in 2018, which will replace part 2 of the national training plan that was originally developed to devise strategies to improve the economy and generate new jobs.
30. 百慕大就业局是劳动力发展司自 2013 年 11 月起运营的线上国家就业数据库，向寻找就业机会的百慕大人开放。该就业数据库的主要目标是整合和集中百慕大的就业机会，以帮助把工人和雇主联系起来，使合格的百慕大人有更多的机会找到工作，并最终减少工作许可申请需求。据管理国称，截至 2017 年 12 月 1日，1 816 名雇主和 11 540 名候选人在就业局登记。
30. The Bermuda Job Board, an online national employment database operated by the Department of Workforce Development since November 2013, is available to Bermudians who are seeking employment, with the main objective of consolidating and centralizing the jobs available in Bermuda so as to help to connect workers and employers, allow more opportunities for qualified Bermudians to find employment and ultimately reduce the need for work permit applications. According to the administering Power, as at 1 December 2017, 1,816 employers and 11,540 candidates were registered on the Job Board.
31. 内政部长设立的法律改革委员会负责审查、更新和完善劳动法律框架。该委员会继续开展整合劳动法的工作。据管理国称，预计将在 2018 年立法会议期间提出法律草案。
31. The Law Reform Committee, established by the Minister of Home Affairs and tasked to review, update and improve the legislative framework for labour, continue d its work on the consolidation of labour laws. According to the administering Power, draft legislation is expected to be presented during the 2018 legislative session.
C. 教育
C. Education
32. 2018/19 年度预算书显示，该财政年度为教育司提供约 1.14 亿美元，用于支持为交付高质量教育课程提供战略领导、监督和政策指导的总目标。
32. The 2018/19 budget statement indicated that, for that fiscal year, about $114 million was provided to the Department of Education to support its overall objective of providing strategic leadership, supervision and policy direction for the delivery of a high-quality educational curriculum.
33. 在百慕大，所有 5 至 18 岁儿童均可在公立学校接受免费义务教育。公立学校系统有 10 所学龄前学校、18 所小学、5 所中学、1 所特殊教育学校和 2 所高中。据管理国称，截至 2017 年 9 月的学生人数为 4 945 人。有一些私立学校，其中 6 所提供小学低年级教育，它们招收了 40%的义务教育学龄学生。政府不为这些教育机构提供资金。2017 年的总入学人数为 9 318 人，其中包括公立学校、私立学校和百慕大学院。
33. Education in Bermuda is compulsory, and it is free in public schools for all children from 5 to 18 years of age. There are 10 preschools, 18 primary schools, 5 middle schools, 1 special-needs school and 2 senior secondary schools in the public school system, which, according to the administering Power, had a student population of 4,945 in September 2017. There are a number of private schools, including six offering early primary education, serving some 40 per cent of the pupils of compulsory school age. Those institutions receive no government funding. The total school enrolment in 2017, which included public and private schools and Bermuda College, was 9,318.
34. 来自海外领土的学生在英国大学享受本国学生的学费待遇，前提是在学习科目的第一个学年之前在英国海外领土、欧洲经济区或瑞士生活了三年。此外，这些学生可以获得欧洲联盟提供的高等教育和职业教育资金。
34. Students from overseas territories benefit from the home student rate for school fees at British universities, provided that they have lived in a British overseas territory, the European Economic Area or Switzerland for the three years prior to the first academic year of their course of study. In addition, those students have access to funding provided by the European Union for higher or vocational education.
D. 公共卫生
D. Public health
35. 根据 2018/19 年度预算书，卫生部获得 1.9 亿美元预算拨款(占政府总支出概算的 16.1%)，比 2017/18 年度的预算有所增加。根据管理国提供的资料，卫生部2017/18 年度的预算为 1.627 亿美元，占政府总支出概算的 14.6%。卫生部除监管外，还为卫生行业提供政策指导。它还提供公共卫生服务、针对老年人和残疾人的服务、一家急诊医院、一家精神病医院、负担得起的医疗保险计划以及卫生专业人员和健康保险监管机构。领土建立了混合型医疗筹资制度，包括直接公共供资和由政府补贴支助的社会医疗保险。
35. According to the 2018/19 budget statement, the budget allocated to the Ministry of Health was $190 million (16.1 per cent of the total estimated government expenditure), an increase from its budget for 2017/18 of $162.7 million representing 14.6 per cent of the total government expenditure, according to the information provided by the administering Power. In addition to regulation, the Ministry provides policy direction for the health sector. It also provides public health services, services for older persons and persons with disabilities, an acute care hospital, a psychiatric hospital, affordable health insurance plans and regulatory bodies for health professionals and health insurance. The Territory has a hybrid health financing system consisting of direct public funding and social health insurance, supported by government subsidies.
36. 百慕大的人口老龄化，生育率低。根据管理国提供的统计数据，18%的人口预计在 2017 年达到 65 岁或以上，而 2007 年为 12%。2016 年的总和生育率是每名妇女生育 1.5 胎，低于每名妇女生育 2.1 胎的更替水平。据管理国称，2017 年，出生时预期寿命预计为 81.5 岁，其中男性为 77.7 岁，女性为 85.1 岁。据报告，白人人口的预期寿命比其余人口长四年。
36. Bermuda has an ageing population and a low fertility rate. According to the statistics provided by the administering Power, 18 per cent of the population was expected to be 65 years or older in 2017, compared with 12 per cent in 2007. In 2016, the total fertility rate was 1.5 births per woman, which is below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman. According to the administering Power, in 2017, life expectancy at birth was projected at 81.5 years, with men at 77.7 years and women at 85.1 years. Life expectancy is reported as being four years greater for the white population than for the remainder of the population.
E. 犯罪和公共安全
E. Crime and public safety
37. 国家安全部对百慕大皇家军团、百慕大警察局、百慕大消防和救援局、边控局和国家药物控制司负有行政责任。该部努力确保其管辖下的机构和部门协同努力，促进百慕大所有各方面的安全。
37. The Ministry of National Security holds administrative responsibility for the Royal Bermuda Regiment, the Bermuda Police Service, the Bermuda Fire and Rescue Service, Border Control and the Department for National Drug Control. The Ministry works to ensure that the agencies and departments under its authority work in tandem to promote all aspects of safety in Bermuda.
38. 百慕大警察局继续致力于通过强力执法、社区参与和严格调查及定罪来确保公共安全。警察局继续重点关注五个警务行动优先事项，即：(a) 增强公众信心；(b) 提供可见度高的第一线警务；(c) 迅速应对紧急状况；(d) 开展及时、注重质量的调查；(e) 保护弱势民众。帮派问题机构间工作队继续提供旨在制止和遏制帮派犯罪的方案。
38. The Bermuda Police Service remains committed to ensuring public safety through strong enforcement, community engagement and rigorous investigations leading to convictions. The Service continues to focus on five operational policing priorities, namely to: (a) enhance public confidence; (b) provide highly visible front-line policing; (c) respond quickly to emergencies; (d) conduct timely, quality-focused investigations; and (e) protect vulnerable people. The inter-agency gang task force continues to provide programmes aimed at intercepting and curbing gang-related crime.
39. 2017 年，联合王国继续为驻美国迈阿密的一名执法顾问提供经费，由其协调、管理和协助培训并提供战略咨询，以便为领土的执法机构引进新技术和技能。此外，RFA 芒茨湾号舰自 2017 年 1 月起驻留在加勒比地区，这是皇家海军北大西洋巡逻任务的一部分，确保联合王国在该区域的全年海上存在并提供人道主义援助、救灾和危机通信支持。这艘舰船还与区域内的其他海军和海岸警卫队协作打击公海上的非法活动。RFA 芒茨湾号舰和 HMS 海洋号舰为该区域，尤其是为受到 9 月飓风“艾尔玛”和“玛丽亚”袭击的三个领土，即安圭拉、英属维尔京群岛及特克斯和凯科斯群岛，提供了重要的人道主义救援。
39. In 2017, the United Kingdom continued to provide funding for a law enforcement adviser based in Miami, United States, who coordinated, managed and facilitated training and the provision of strategic advice in order to introduce new techniques and skills to the Territory’s law enforcement agencies. Furthermore, RFA Mounts Bay has been stationed in the Caribbean since January 2017, as part of the North Atlantic patrol tasking of the Royal Navy, ensuring a year-round maritime presence of the United Kingdom and providing humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and crisis communications support in the region. The ship also worked with other regional navies and coast guards to combat illegal activities on the high seas. RFA Mounts Bay and HMS Ocean provided vital humanitarian relief to the region, in particular to the three Territories — Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands — affected by Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria, in September.
F. 人权和相关问题
F. Human rights and related issues
40. 国际和欧洲核心人权文书适用于百慕大，其中包括《欧洲保护人权与基本自由公约》《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》《禁止酷行和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》《儿童权利公约》和《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》。据管理国称，联合王国对《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》的批准已于 2017 年 3 月正式延伸到百慕大，但百慕大对《公约》第一条和第十五条第 4 款提出两项保留。领土政府于 2017 年 2 月表示，第一项保留是为了保持百慕大可以继续为百慕大皇家军团只征募男性新兵并且宗教组织不会被迫设有女司祭的立场。第二项保留考虑了具有歧视与非百慕大男子结婚的百慕大妇女之效果的宪法和移民法条款，因为与百慕大妇女结婚的非百慕大男子所享权利少于与百慕大男子结婚的非百慕大妇女。
40. Core international and European human rights instruments are applied in Bermuda, including the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. According to the administering Power, the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women by the United Kingdom was formally extended to Bermuda in March 2017, with two reservations relating to articles 1 and 15 (4) of the Convention. The territorial Government indicated in February 2017 that the first reservation was to preserve the position whereby Bermuda could continue to conscript only male recruits to the Royal Bermuda Regiment and that religious organizations would not be compelled to have women priests. The second reservation took account of the constitutional and immigration provisions that had the effect of discriminating against a Bermudian woman married to a non-Bermudian man, owing to the lesser rights granted to a non-Bermudian man married to a Bermudian woman compared with a non-Bermudian woman married to a Bermudian man.
41. 百慕大人权委员会成立于 1982 年，负责管理 1981 年《人权法》。据领土政府称，人权委员会的三大工作是提供有效、及时的手段解决涉及人权、性骚扰和残疾的个人投诉，在百慕大宣传人权知识并鼓励人们遵守平等原则，以及帮助减少阻碍就业平等和获得服务的障碍。
41. The Human Rights Commission of Bermuda was established in 1982 to administer the 1981 Human Rights Act. According to the territorial Government, the three main aspects of the work of the Commission pertain to providing effective and timely means for resolving individual complaints involving human rights, sexual harassment and disability, promoting knowledge of human rights in Bermuda and encouraging people to follow principles of equality, and helping to reduce barriers to equality in employment and access to services.
42. 在海外领土部长级联合理事会第六次会议上，联合王国和海外领土领导人讨论了他们继续在各领土推动尊重人权和履行国际义务的共同决心。在会上通过的公报中，他们欢迎各领土以建设性方式参与人权理事会这方面的普遍定期审议进程筹备工作。海外领土的领导人还重申，他们致力于确保以尽可能高的标准保护儿童、促进儿童福祉。在此次会议上，联合王国和海外领土讨论了在促进各领土机构间合作方面所取得的进展以及制定国家应对计划以确定政策优先事项的问题，注意到受近期飓风影响的这些领土所面临的特殊挑战，并一致认为儿童福祉应依然是恢复计划的重中之重，包括为此重建学校。此外，他们还欢迎根据一项促进各海外领土之间为保护儿童开展更有效合作的谅解备忘录而取得的进展。
42. At the sixth meeting of the Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council, the United Kingdom and the leaders of the overseas territories discussed their shared resolve to continue to promote respect for human rights and compliance with international obligations in the territories. In the communiqué adopted at that meeting, they welcomed the constructive engagement of the territories in the preparations for the universal periodic review process of the Human Rights Council in that regard. The leaders of the overseas territories also reaffirmed their commitment to ensuring the highest possible standards for the protection of children and promotion of children’s welfare in the territories. At the meeting, the United Kingdom and the overseas territories discussed progress made in promoting inter-agency cooperation in the territories and the development of national response plans to define policy priorities, noted the particular challenges for those territories affected by the recent hurricanes and agreed that children’s welfare should remain a central priority for recovery plans, including through the reconstruction of schools. In addition, they welcomed progress made under a memorandum of understanding to promote more effective collaboration between the overseas territories for the safeguarding of children.
五. 环境
V. Environment
43. 据管理国称，环境部于 2017 年 7 月解散，其职能分散到公共工程部公园司以及内政部规划司和环境与自然资源司。重新部署之后，资金或资源并未减少。环境与自然资源司负责支持当地的农业和渔业、海洋遗产、污染控制、水权管理、陆地自然保护区管理、濒危物种养护、家畜控制、入侵害虫控制，以及百慕大水族馆、博物馆和动物园的运作。
43. According to the administering Power, the Ministry of the Environment was disbanded in July 2017 and its functions were spread across the Department of Parks of the Ministry of Public Works and the Departments of Planning and of Environment and Natural Resources of the Ministry of Home Affairs. There has been no reduction of funding or resources as a result of the redeployment. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources was made responsible for supporting the local agriculture and fishing industries, marine heritage, pollution control, water rights management, the management of terrestrial nature reserves, the conservation of endangered species, domestic animal control, the control of invasive pests and the operation of the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo.
44. 据管理国称，内政部优先推进和扩大根据《合作保护马尾藻海汉密尔顿宣言》设立的马尾藻海委员会，以更好地管理广阔的马尾藻海。《宣言》承认这片海域是重要的开阔洋生态系统。百慕大环境部长主持了 2017 年 4 月 18 日和 19 日在葡萄牙亚速尔群岛举行的马尾藻海委员会第三次联席会议和《汉密尔顿宣言》签字仪式。
44. According to the administering Power, the Ministry of Home Affairs has prioritized the advancement and expansion of the Sargasso Sea Commission, established pursuant to the Hamilton Declaration on Collaboration for the Conservation of the Sargasso Sea, to better manage the wider Sargasso Sea, which is recognized in the Declaration as an important open ocean ecosystem. The Minister of Environment of Bermuda chaired the third joint meeting of the Commission and the signatories to the Hamilton Declaration, held in Azores, Portugal, on 18 and 19 April 2017.
45. 百慕大继续努力确保对渔业进行可持续的管理并改善粮食安全。据管理国称，渔民和政府官员的观察表明，鱼类今年聚集产卵的时间较早，可能是水温升高的缘故。此外，完成了一项国家作物战略，以指导该岛提高当地粮食产量的工作。
45. Bermuda continues its efforts to ensure the sustainable management of its fisheries and improve its food security. According to the administering Power, observations by fishermen and government officials indicated that fish were aggregating to spawn earlier in the year, likely owing to increased water temperatures. Furthermore, a national crop strategy was completed to guide the island ’s efforts to increase local food production.
46. 领土约 98%的电力由一个私营实体提供，该实体完全依靠化石燃料发电。其余 2%的电力由公共工程部拥有和经营的泰恩斯湾垃圾电厂提供。
46. About 98 per cent of the electric power in the Territory is provided by a single private entity, which relies exclusively on fossil fuels to generate electricity. The remaining 2 per cent of electric power is provided by the Tynes Bay waste -to-energy plant, which is owned and operated by the Ministry of Public Works.
47. 据管理国称，根据 2017 年 12 月对 1986 年《百慕大国家公园法》所作的修订，在国家公园系统内设立了 16 个新保护区(90 英亩)。随着七个现有公园被重新划分为自然保护区，国家公园系统内的保护区总数已达 112 个(总面积为 1 129英亩)。
47. According to the administering Power, the amendments made in December 2017 to the Bermuda National Parks Act 1986 created 16 new protected areas (90 acres) of the national parks system. With the reclassification of seven existing parks as nature reserves, the total number of areas protected under the national park system stood at 112 (total area of 1,129 acres).
48. 在海外领土部长级联合理事会第六次会议通过的公报中，联合王国和各海外领土政府认识到，飓风“艾尔玛”和“玛丽亚”造成的破坏提醒人们海外领土面对气候变化相关事件时十分脆弱，这些事件对海外领土居民的生活和生计可能造成破坏性影响。他们承诺继续采取在气候变化国际论坛之前相互接触的做法，确保各海外领土的观点和优先事项充分体现在谈判中。会议商定，海外领土的代表将作为联合王国代表团成员出席定于 2018 年 12 月 3 日至 14 日在波兰卡托维兹举行的联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方大会第二十四届会议，强调指出他们出席会议具有重要意义，有助于强化一个各方均认同的讯息，即对气候变化相关目标需要保持勃勃雄心。联合王国再次承诺，将与各海外领土就将气候变化条约的适用范围扩大到海外领土问题进行合作，包括与有兴趣参加定于 2018 年上半年举行的《巴黎协定》会议的领土进行初步磋商，推动将《京都议定书多哈修正案》的批准延伸至已表示有此意愿的领土。会议强调，各领土在气候变化适应和减缓领域的工作非常重要，领土之间有必要开展协作，通过各领土环境部长年度会议等途径，分享有关环境管理和气候变化问题的最佳做法。
48. In the communiqué adopted at the sixth meeting of the Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council, the Governments of the United Kingdom and the overseas territories recognized that the destruction wrought by Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria had served as a reminder of the vulnerability of the overseas territories to climate change-related events and the devastating effect that they could have on the lives and livelihoods of those who lived there. They committed themselves to continuing the practice of mutual engagement ahead of international forums on climate change to ensure that the views and priorities of the overseas territories were fully reflected in negotiations. It was agreed that a representative from the territories would attend the twenty-fourth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to be held in Katowice, Poland, from 3 to 14 December 2018, as part of the delegation of the United Kingdom, highlighting the value of their presence in helping to amplify the shared message of the need for a high degree of ambition on climate change-related targets. The United Kingdom reiterated its commitment to working with the overseas territories on the issue of extending the application of treaties concerning climate change to the territories, including taking forward the work to extend its ratification of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol to those territories that had indicated their readiness for it, through initial consultation with territories that had an interest in participating in meetings concerning the Paris Agreement to be held in the first half of 2018. The importance of work in the territories on climate change adaptation and mitigation and collaboration between the territories to share best practices on environmental management and climate change issues, including through the annual meetings of ministers of the environment of the territories, was emphasized.
六. 军事问题
VI. Military issues
49. 百慕大维持一支由约 420 名士兵组成的国防军团，即百慕大皇家军团，其中包括一个由约 140 名士兵和 30 名全职士兵组成的长期“核心队伍”，外加兼职人员。2015 年对《国防法》进行修正，以规定通过自愿入伍来征募和维持军团所需人员，如果这样无法满足人数需求，总督可根据缺口修订军团的作用和职责，或授权强制征兵以补足所需人数。尽管军团的队伍历来是通过抽签征兵，但 2015 年至 2016 年，征兵完全以志愿者为基础，使得军团有可能连续两年拥有一个全部由志愿入伍者组成的兵营。
49. Bermuda maintains a defence regiment of some 420 soldiers, namely the Royal Bermuda Regiment, which includes a long-term “nucleus” of about 140 soldiers and 30 full-time soldiers, in addition to part-time members. In 2015, the Defence Act was amended to set out that the required number of members for the Regiment should be raised and maintained through voluntary enlistment and that if that was not met, the Governor might either revise the roles and responsibilities of the Regiment to take account of the shortfall or authorize compulsory enlistment to make up the required numbers. While historically the ranks of the Regiment have been raised through conscription by ballot, from 2015 to 2016, the intake was completely volunteer-based, which made it possible for the Regiment to have an all-volunteer recruitment camp two years in a row.
50. 军团定期与加拿大、牙买加和美国等外国政府和军方合作，并协助在联合王国管理的其他领土开展救灾行动。
50. The Regiment regularly cooperates with foreign Governments and militaries, including those of Canada, Jamaica and the United States, and assists in disaster relief operations in other territories administered by the United Kingdom.
51. 此外，据管理国称，百慕大皇家军团舰艇部队协助百慕大警察局履行近海海上巡逻和警务职责。据管理国称，正在拟订立法，以建立一支由军团士兵组成的专职海上舰艇部队并由军团全面承担上述职责。
51. In addition, according to the administering Power, the Royal Bermuda Regiment Boat Troop assists the Bermuda Police Service with inshore maritime patrolling and policing requirements. According to the administering Power, legislation is under preparation to establish a full-time marine boat troop, to be staffed by solders of the Regiment and to allow the Regiment to fully assume such a responsibility.
七. 与国际组织和伙伴的关系
VII. Relations with international organizations and partners
52. 百慕大是拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会、加勒比共同体和加勒比共同市场的准成员，并且是为打击洗钱而建立的加勒比金融行动任务组的成员。百慕大金融情报局是金融情报中心埃格蒙特集团的成员，而百慕大货币管理局是国际保险监管协会、国际证券委员会组织和国际金融中心督导员小组等区域和国际保险监管机构的成员。百慕大作为经合组织税务透明和信息交流问题全球论坛同行审议小组成员，在论坛中发挥了关键作用。此外，百慕大参加了海龟养护协会、加勒比-美国安全合作对话、国际工会联合会、国际刑事警察组织和国际奥林匹克委员会。
52. Bermuda is an associate member of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the Caribbean Community and the Caribbean Common Market, and a member of the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force, which was set up to combat money-laundering. The Financial Intelligence Agency of Bermuda is a member of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units, and the Bermuda Monetary Authority is a member of regional and international financial regulatory bodies, including the International Association of Insurance Supervisors, the International Organization of Securities Commissions and the Group of International Finance Centre Supervisors. Bermuda also plays a key role in the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes of OECD as a member of its peer review group. In addition, Bermuda participates in the Sea Turtle Conservancy, the Caribbean-United States Security Cooperation Dialogue, the International Trade Union Confederation, the International Criminal Police Organization and the International Olympic Committee.
53. 作为联合王国的非自治领土，百慕大同欧洲联盟有联系，但不是其成员。根据海外领土部长级联合理事会第六次会议通过的公报，联合王国和海外领土继续就联合王国脱离欧洲联盟(即“英国脱欧”)的决定对海外领土的影响展开对话。此外，公报指出，脱欧谈判的一个明确目标是达成一项对联合王国大家庭所有组成部分都有效的协定，并且联合王国申明将设法确保在“英国脱欧”后维持并在可能时加强海外领土的安全和经济稳定。自 2014 年 1 月起，百慕大成为欧洲联盟理事会 2013 年“海外联系决定”所述的合作伙伴，批准该项联系是为了从传统的发展合作方式转变成互惠伙伴关系，在全世界促进可持续发展并推行欧洲联盟的价值观和标准。
53. As a Non-Self-Governing Territory of the United Kingdom, Bermuda is associated with the European Union but is not a part of it. According to the communiqué adopted at the sixth meeting of the Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council, the United Kingdom and the overseas territories continued their dialogue on the implications for the latter of the decision by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union (known as “Brexit”). In addition, it was indicated that a clear objective of the exit negotiations was to achieve an agreement that worked for all parts of the United Kingdom family, and the United Kingdom affirmed that it would seek to ensure that the security and economic sustainability of the overseas territories was preserved and, where possible, strengthened post-“Brexit”. Since January 2014, the Territory has been a partner under the 2013 Overseas Association Decision of the Council of the European Union, which was approved, inter alia, in an effort to move from a classic development cooperation approach to a reciprocal partnership that promotes sustainable development and the values and standards of the European Union worldwide.
八. 领土的未来地位
VIII. Future status of the Territory
A. 领土政府的立场
A. Position of the territorial Government
54. 关于百慕大未来地位的进展情况信息载于上文第一节。
54. Information regarding developments on the future status of Bermuda is reflected in section I above.
B. 管理国的立场
B. Position of the administering Power
55. 2017 年 10 月 9 日，在大会第七十二届会议期间举行的特别政治和非殖民化委员会(第四委员会)第 8 次会议上，联合王国代表表示，联合王国政府与其海外领土的关系是一种现代关系，它建立在伙伴关系、共同价值观以及每个领土的人民都有权选择是否继续作为英属领土的基础之上。他说，这些领土是整个英国不可分割的一部分，联合王国仍然坚定地致力于维护其领土的安全与繁荣，为全面迅速应对飓风“艾尔玛”在一些领土造成的破坏而采取的行动以及持续开展的恢复努力证明了这一点。
55. At the 8th meeting of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee), on 9 October 2017, during the seventy-second session of the General Assembly, the representative of the United Kingdom stated that the relationship of the Government of the United Kingdom with its overseas territories was a modern one based on partnership, shared values and the right of the people of each Territory to choose to remain British. He said that the territories were an integral part of global Britain and the United Kingdom’s commitment to its territories’ security and prosperity remained strong, as demonstrated by the swift and comprehensive response to the devastation wreaked in some territories by Hurricane Irma, and the ongoing recovery efforts.
56. 联合王国代表接着说，部长级联合理事会是联合王国和各海外领土之间高级别政治对话的主要论坛。联合王国在谈判脱离欧洲联盟时，完全致力于考虑包括直布罗陀在内的海外领土的优先事项。已经成立联合王国-海外领土欧洲联盟谈判问题部长级联合理事会，以讨论各领土的优先事项，确定集体互动的其他领域。他补充说，根据国际法和《联合国宪章》，联合王国政府的基本责任是确保各领土及其人民的安全和善政。
56. The representative of the United Kingdom went on to say that, the Joint Ministerial Council was the primary forum for high-level political dialogue between the United Kingdom and the overseas territories. As the United Kingdom negotiated to leave the European Union, it was fully committed to taking into account the priorities of the overseas territories, including Gibraltar. The United Kingdom-Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council on European Union negotiations had been established to discuss the priorities of the territories and determine further areas for collective engagement. He added that the fundamental responsibility of the Government of the United Kingdom, under international law and the Charter of the United Nations, was to ensure the security and good governance of the territories and their peoples.
57. 在海外领土部长级联合理事会第六次会议通过的公报中，联合王国政府和海外领土领导人指出，《宪章》庄严载明的人民享有平等权利与自决权之原则适用于海外领土的人民。他们重申必须促进各领土人民的自决权，而这是联合王国政府所有部门的集体责任。他们承诺探索如何让海外领土在反击敌对的主权主张方面能够继续得到国际支持。对那些有永久居民希望从非自治领土名单上除名的领土，联合王国将继续支持其除名请求。联合王国政府和海外领土领导人一致认为，联合王国与各海外领土间宪法关系的基本结构是正确的——在联合王国保留履行其主权责任所必需的权力情况下，已尽最大可能把权力下放给各领土的民选政府。他们还一致认为，需要继续就这些问题进行接触，以确保宪政安排有效发挥作用并得到切实发展，促进各领土和联合王国的最佳利益。
57. In the communiqué adopted at the sixth meeting of the Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council, the Government of the United Kingdom and the leaders of the overseas territories indicated that the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, as enshrined in the Charter, applied to the peoples of the overseas territories. They reaffirmed the importance of promoting the right of the peoples of the territories to self-determination, a collective responsibility of all parts of the Government of the United Kingdom. They committed themselves to exploring the ways in which the overseas territories could maintain international support in countering hostile sovereignty claims. For those Territories with permanent populations who wished it, the United Kingdom would continue to support their requests for removal from the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. The Government of the United Kingdom and the leaders of the overseas territories agreed that the fundamental structure of their constitutional relationships had been the right one — powers were devolved to the elected Governments of the territories to the maximum extent possible consistent with the United Kingdom retaining those powers necessary to discharge its sovereign responsibilities. They also agreed upon t he need to continue their engagement on those issues to ensure that constitutional arrangements worked and were developed effectively to promote the best interests of the territories and of the United Kingdom.
九. 大会采取的行动
IX. Action taken by the General Assembly
58. 2017 年 12 月 7 日，大会根据给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会 2017 年报告(A/72/23)和第四委员会随后提出的建议，未经表决通过了第72/98 号决议。大会在该决议中：
58. On 7 December 2017, the General Assembly adopted, without a vote, resolution 72/98, on the basis of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2017 (A/72/23) and the subsequent recommendation by the Fourth Committee. In that resolution, the Assembly:
(a) 重申百慕大人民根据《联合国宪章》和载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的大会第 1514(XV)号决议享有不可剥夺的自决权；
(a) Reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Bermuda to self-determination, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples;
(b) 又重申在百慕大非殖民化进程中，除自决原则外没有其他选择，自决也是相关人权公约承认的一项基本人权；
(b) Also reaffirmed that, in the process of decolonization of Bermuda, there was no alternative to the principle of self-determination, which was also a fundamental human right, as recognized under the relevant human rights conventions;
(c) 还重申最终应由百慕大人民根据《宪章》、《宣言》和大会相关决议的有关规定自由决定自身未来的政治地位，为此促请管理国与领土政府和联合国系统有关机构合作，为领土制定政治教育方案，以帮助百慕大人民了解自己有权按照正当的政治地位方案、根据大会第 1541(XV)号决议和其他相关决议及决定明确规定的原则实行自决；
(c) Further reaffirmed that it was ultimately for the people of Bermuda to determine freely their future political status in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration and the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and in that connection called upon the administering Power, in cooperation with the territorial Government and appropriate bodies of the United Nations system, to develop political education programmes for the Territory in order to foster an awareness among the people of their right to self-determination in conformity with the legitimate political status options, based on the principles clearly defined in Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) and other relevant resolutions and decisions;
(d) 强调指出 2005 年百慕大独立问题委员会的报告意义重大，该报告深入研究了与独立有关的事实，并继续遗憾地注意到召开公众会议的计划以及先向议会提交一份概述百慕大独立政策提案的绿皮书、再提交一份白皮书的计划至今尚
(d) Stressed the importance of the 2005 report of the Bermuda Independence Commission, which provided a thorough examination of the facts surrounding independence, and continued to regret that the plans for public meetings and the presentation of a Green Paper to the House of Assembly followed by a White Pap er outlining the policy proposals for an independent Bermuda had so far not materialized;
(e) 着重指出需要为领土的利益进一步加强政府的善治、透明度和问责制；
(e) Underlined the need further to strengthen good governance, transparency and accountability in government for the benefit of the Territory;
(f) 欢迎管理国于 2017 年 3 月将《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》延伸到百慕大；
(f) Welcomed the extension by the administering Power to Bermuda of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in March 2017;
(g) 请管理国依照《宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动公众教育外联方面的工作，并在这方面促请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供协助；
(g) Requested the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public educational outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter, and in that regard called upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;
(h) 欢迎百慕大积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；
(h) Welcomed the active participation of Bermuda in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;
(i) 鼓励该领土继续参加给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会的活动，包括区域讨论会；
(i) Encouraged the Territory to continue to participate in the activities of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, including regional seminars;
(j) 强调指出特别委员会必须获悉百慕大人民的见解和意愿，进一步了解他们的状况，包括百慕大与管理国之间的现有政治安排和宪政安排的性质和范围；
(j) Stressed the importance of the Special Committee being apprised of the views and wishes of the people of Bermuda and enhancing its understanding of their conditions, including the nature and scope of the existing political and constitutional arrangements between Bermuda and the administering Power;
(k) 促请管理国参与特别委员会的工作，与之充分合作，以执行《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款和《宣言》的条款，并告知特别委员会为促进百慕大的自治而执行《宪章》第七十三条(丑)款的情况，还鼓励管理国为前往领土的视察团和特派团提供便利；
(k) Called upon the administering Power to participate in and cooperate fully with the work of the Special Committee in order to implement the provisions of Article 73 e of the Charter and the Declaration and in order to advise the Committee on the implementation of the provisions under Article 73 b of the Charter on efforts to promote self-government in Bermuda, and encouraged the administering Power to facilitate visiting and special missions to the Territory;
(l) 重申管理国有责任根据《宪章》促进经济和社会发展并保存领土的文化特性，请管理国采取步骤，争取并有效利用一切可能的双边和多边援助，加强领土的经济；
(l) Reaffirmed the responsibility of the administering Power under the Charter to promote the economic and social development and preserve the cultural identity of the Territory, and requested the administering Power to take steps to enlist and make effective use of all possible assistance, on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis, in the strengthening of the economy of the Territory;
(m) 考虑到《2030 年可持续发展议程》，包括可持续发展目标，强调指出必须推动领土可持续经济和社会发展，促进持续、包容、公平的经济增长，为所有人创造更多机会，减少不平等现象，提高基本生活水平，推动公平社会发展和包容，促进以可持续的方式统筹管理自然资源和生态系统，特别支持经济发展、社会发展和人的发展，同时面对新挑战和正在出现的挑战，促进生态系统的养护、再生、恢复和复原力，并强烈敦促管理国不采取任何不符合领土人民利益的非法、有害和非生产性活动，包括将领土用作避税地；
(m) Took into account the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Sustainable Development Goals, stressed the importance of fostering the economic and social sustainable development of the Territory by promoting sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, creating greater opportunities for all, reducing inequalities, raising basic standards of living, fostering equitable social development and inclusion and promoting the integrated and sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems that supported, inter alia, economic, social and human development, while facilitating ecosystem conservation, regeneration, restoration and resilience in the face of new and emerging challenges, and strongly urged the administering Power to refrain from undertaking any kind of illicit, harmful and unproductive activities, including the use of the Territory as a tax haven, that were not aligned with the interest of the people of the Territory;
(n) 请领土和管理国采取一切必要措施保护和养护领土的环境，防止环境退化，并再次请有关专门机构监测领土内的环境状况，按照现有程序规则向领土提供援助；
(n) Requested the Territory and the administering Power to take all measures necessary to protect and conserve the environment of the Territory against any degradation, and once again requested the specialized agencies concerned to monitor environmental conditions in the Territory and to provide assistance to the Territory, consistent with their prevailing rules of procedure;
(o) 请特别委员会继续审查百慕大问题，并就此问题和本决议的执行情况向大会第七十三届会议提出报告。
(o) Requested the Special Committee to continue to examine the question of Bermuda and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session and on the implementation of the present resolution.
附件
Annex
(C) 200919 071119人权事务委员会
Human Rights Committee
关于人权事务委员会结论性意见后续行动的报告*
Report on follow-up to the concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee*
评价关于布基纳法索的结论性意见的后续行动资料
Evaluation of the information on follow-up to the concluding observations on Burkina Faso
结论性意见(第一一七届会议)：CCPR/C/BFA/CO/1, 2016 年 7 月 11 日
Concluding observations (117th session): CCPR/C/BFA/CO/1, 11 July 2016
关于后续行动的段落： 16、24 和 36
Follow-up paragraphs: 16, 24 and 36
关于后续行动的答复： CCPR/C/BFA/CO/1/Add.1, 2017 年 7 月 18 日
Follow-up reply: CCPR/C/BFA/CO/1/Add.1, 18 July 2017
委员会的评价： 第 16[C][B]、24[B]和 36[A][B][C]段需增补
Committee’s evaluation: Additional information required on paragraphs 16[C][B], 24[B] and 36[A][B][C]
非政府组织提供的资料： 公民和政治权利中心1
Information from non-governmental organizations: Centre for Civil and Political Rights1
第 16 段：男女平等和对妇女有害的做法
Paragraph 16: Equality between men and women and practices that are harmful to women
缔约国应：(a) 修正《个人和家庭法》，以保证对男子和妇女以及包括传统或宗教婚姻在内的所有婚姻都适用同样的最低结婚年龄，并采取步骤减少一夫多妻现象，以期废除一夫多妻制；(b) 将强迫婚姻禁令的适用范围扩大到涵盖传统或宗教婚姻；(c) 确保传统或宗教婚姻得到正式登记，并系统地核实婚姻当事双方的年龄以及是否同意结婚；(d) 继续努力提高认识，并制定新的行动战略，以消除残割女性外阴的做法；(e) 加强行动，对包括传统和宗教领袖在内的公众开展教育并使之认识到打击对妇女有害的传统习俗的必要性，并确保有效适用保障在继承和获取土地事项上实现男女平等的法律规定。
The State party should: (a) amend the Personal and Family Code so as to guarantee that the same minimum age for marriage applies to men and women and to all marriages, including traditional or religious marriages, and take steps to reduce polygamy with a view to its abolition; (b) extend the ban on forced marriages to cover traditional or religious marriages; (c) ensure that traditional or religious marriages are officially registered and that the age and consent of the spouses are systematically verified; (d) pursue efforts to raise awareness and devise new strategies for action to eradicate the practice of female genital mutilation; and (e) strengthen action to educate and sensitize the public, including traditional and religious leaders, to the need to combat traditional practices that are harmful to women, and ensure the effective application of the legal provisions that guarantee equality in matters of inheritance and access to land.
* 委员会第一二六届会议(2019 年 7 月 1 日至 26 日)通过。
* Adopted by the Committee at its 126th session (1–26 July 2019).
1 见 https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fNGS%2fBFA%2f33281&Lang=en。
1 See https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx? symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fNGS%2fBFA%2f33281&Lang=en.
联 合 国 CCPR/C/126/2/Add.3
United Nations CCPR/C/126/2/Add.3
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
29 August 2019
29 August 2019
法》的信息(CCPR/C/BFA/Q/1/Add.1, 第 13 段)。已编制规定男女最低结婚年龄
Code. Draft legislation was prepared to establish 18 years as the minimum age of marriage for men and women;
(b) 未提供信息；
(b) No information provided;
(c) 未提供信息；
(c) No information provided;
施了消除此种做法的战略。2017 年 1 月，政府通过了《2016-2020 年促进消除残割女性外阴做法国家战略计划》，同时通过了实施该战略的三年期行动计划(2016-2018 年)，目的是将残割女性外阴的做法减少 20%；
(d) In addition to awareness-raising campaigns on female genital mutilation, intervention strategies to eradicate the practice were organized and implemented. In January 2017, the Government adopted the National Strategic Plan for the Promotion of the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation (2016–2020), accompanied by a three-year (2016–2018) action plan for its implementation, aimed at reducing female genital mutilation by 20 per cent;
(e) 2016 年和 2017 年举行了数次面向公众和传统领袖的提高认识活动，以制止对妇女有害的做法。这些活动包括：与社区网络举行关于暴力侵害妇女和女童问题的会议；以本地语言为传统领袖举办宣传活动及教育性的宣讲会和讲习班，讨论被控使用巫术的妇女受社会排斥以及她们康复和重新融入社会的问题；10 场关于早婚和强迫婚姻的负面影响的培训活动，参加培训的传统领袖逾 300人。
(e) Several awareness-raising activities for the public and traditional leaders took place in 2016 and 2017 to fight practices that are harmful to women. Activities included meetings with community networks on violence against women and girls, advocacy efforts and educational talks and workshops in local languages with traditional leaders on social exclusion of women accused of witchcraft and their rehabilitation and reintegration, and 10 training sessions with over 300 traditional leaders on the negative effects of early and forced marriage.
非政府组织提供的资料
Information from non-governmental organizations
(a) 目前的挑战是让议会通过审查《个人和家庭法》的修正案。现阶段，部长会议已暂时停止通过该法案，主要是因为关于一夫多妻制的条款引起了某些宗教团体的不满。修正案没有处理宗教婚姻问题；
(a) The challenge now is to get the review of the Personal and Family Code passed by Parliament. For the time being, the Council of Ministers has suspended its adoption, in particular because the provisions on polygamy are causing discontent among certain religious groups. The issue of religious marriages is not addressed in the amendment;
(b) 2018 年通过的新《刑法》中列入了关于婚姻的新定义，考虑到宗教婚姻和传统婚姻。新法允许法官对强迫婚姻处以 6 个月至 2 年的监禁；
(b) A new Criminal Code, adopted in 2018, incorporates a new definition of marriage that takes into account religious and traditional marriages. The new code allows judges to impose penalties ranging from six months’ to two years’ imprisonment for forced marriage;
(c) 《2016-2020 年国家战略计划》规定在村中设立保护委员会，在当地社区举行流动听证会，以制止对妇女的虐待行为。
(c) The National Strategic Plan for 2016–2020 envisions protection committees in villages and mobile hearings in local communities to stem abuses against women.
委员会的评价
Committee’s evaluation
[C] (a)、(b)和(c)：委员会注意到关于《个人和家庭法》的审查以及其他法律草案的信息，并指出采取这些措施时结论性意见尚未通过。因此，委员会要求缔约国提供更多信息，说明在结论性意见通过之后采取的措施和取得的进展，包括：(一) 开展的所有专项法律审查和通过的修正案；(二) 通过《个人和家庭法》修正案的预计时间；(三) 计划开展的审查是否涵盖传统婚姻和宗教婚姻。委员会感到遗憾的是，缔约国没有提供信息，说明为在国内减少和取缔一夫多妻制所采取的措施。委员会重申其建议。
[C] (a), (b) and (c): The Committee notes the information on the review of the Personal and Family Code and other draft legislation, and that these measures were taken before the adoption of the concluding observations. Therefore, the Committee requires additional information on measures taken and progress made since the adoption of the concluding observations, including: (i) any specific legislative reviews undertaken and amendments adopted; (ii) a timeline for the adoption of amendments to the Personal and Family Code; and (iii) whether the envisaged review covers traditional and religious marriages. The Committee regrets the lack of information on steps taken to reduce and abolish polygamy in the State party. The Committee reiterates its recommendations.
委员会感到遗憾的是，缔约国未提供信息说明将禁止强迫婚姻的范围扩大到传统婚姻和宗教婚姻的情况。但委员会注意到，其他方面获得的信息表明，2018年通过的新《刑法》规定，对传统婚姻和宗教婚姻中发生的强迫婚姻处以监禁。委员会要求缔约国详细说明 2018 年通过的《刑法》中关于婚姻的新定义，以及该定义是否符合委员会提出的规定在传统婚姻和宗教婚姻中禁止强迫婚姻这一建议。委员会还要求缔约国提供信息，说明采取了哪些措施确保传统婚姻或宗教婚姻得到正式登记，确保系统核实婚配双方的年龄以及他们是否同意结婚。委员会重申其建议。
The Committee regrets that no information was provided by the State party on extending the ban on forced marriage to cover traditional or religious marriages. It notes, however, information from other sources that the new Criminal Code, adopted in 2018, establishes penalties of imprisonment for forced marriage in the case of both traditional and religious marriages. The Committee requires details of the new definition of marriage contained in the Criminal Code adopted in 2018 and whether it complies with the Committee’s recommendation to establish a ban on forced marriage in the case of traditional and religious marriages. The Committee also requires information on measures taken to ensure that traditional or religious marriages are officially registered and that the age and consent of the spouses are systematically verified. The Committee reiterates its recommendations.
[B] (d)和(e)：委员会赞赏缔约国提供信息，说明关于消除残割女性外阴做法的提高认识活动和新战略。委员会要求缔约国提供更多信息，说明《国家战略计划》的受益者，包括：(一) 传统领袖和宗教领袖是否参与其中；(二) 是否已证实该战略切实减少了这一做法。委员会还要求提供三年以来国内城乡地区残割女性外阴做法的统计数据。
[B] (d) and (e): The Committee appreciates the information provided by the State party on awareness-raising on and new strategies to eradicate female genital mutilation. The Committee requires additional information on the beneficiaries of the National Strategic Plan, including whether (i) it involves the participation of traditional and religious leaders; and (ii) it has proven to be effective in terms of reducing the practice. The Committee also requires statistical data on the practice of female genital mutilation in both rural and urban areas of the country in the last three years.
委员会注意到，缔约国在 2016 年和 2017 年数次开展提高认识活动，打击对妇女有害的传统做法，但要求缔约国提供更多信息，说明：(一) 计划继续开展这些活动的情况；(二) 这些活动取得的有形成果；(三) 为确保保障在继承和获得土地方面平等的法律规定得到有效适用而采取的措施。
While the Committee notes information on several awareness-raising activities carried out in the State party in 2016 and 2017 to combat traditional practices that are harmful to women, it requires further information on (i) the envisaged continuation of these activities; (ii) tangible outcomes from these activities; and (iii) measures taken to ensure the effective application of the legal provisions guaranteeing equality in inheritance and access to land.
第 24 段：暴民正义和自卫团体
Paragraph 24: Mob justice and vigilante groups
缔约国应：(a) 加强国家安全和国防部队的力量，以保障全国人民的安全，并防止包括“Koglweogo”在内的自卫团体代替国家机构执法；(b) 开展调查，起诉所有被指控侵犯人权的肇事者，若认定有罪则处以适当刑罚；(c) 开展提高认识活动，宣传即决司法和暴民正义的非法性质及犯罪者的刑事责任。
The State party should: (a) reinforce the presence of national security and defence forces so as to guarantee the security of the population throughout the country and prevent the vigilante groups, including the “Koglweogo”, from taking the place of the State and performing law-enforcement tasks; (b) conduct investigations, prosecute all alleged perpetrators of human rights violations and, if they are found guilty, sentence them appropriately; and (c) organize awareness campaigns on the illegality of summary and mob justice and the criminal responsibility of perpetrators.
缔约国答复概要
Summary of State party’s reply
(a) 国防和安全部队已得到加强，2016 年额外部署了 3,107 名安保人员，使军民比例从 2015 年的 1:948 提高到 1:800。缔约国的目标是到 2020 年将这一比例提高到 1:643。缔约国设立了新的警察和宪兵部门，以扩大国内安全网络的覆盖面。缔约国希望到 2020 年将覆盖率由目前的 64%提高至 70%。
(a) Defence and security forces were strengthened through the deployment of 3,107 additional security personnel in 2016, raising the ratio of officers to inhabitants from 1 per 948 in 2015 to 1 per 800. The State party aims to increase the ratio to 1 per 643 by 2020. New police and gendarmerie services were created to improve the coverage of the security network throughout the country. The State party would like to raise the current coverage of 64 per cent to 70 per cent by 2020.
2016 年，部长会议通过一项法令，设立了市政安全委员会和地方社区安全组织，以确保全国各地均由法律机构管辖，以消除不安全状况，鼓励公众参与治安，以及保护人民的生命和财产。该法令第 12 条明确禁止下列行为：非法携带火器；携带火器者结队行动；着装类似于安全部队制服；拘留和监禁据称犯罪者；身体虐待、残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇；向个人或群体征收费用或收取罚款；对据称犯罪者进行“判决”；成立基于种族、族裔或宗教的组织；
In 2016, the Council of Ministers adopted a decree establishing municipal security committees and local community security organizations in order to ensure that the entire country is covered by legal bodies to combat insecurity, encourage public participation and protect populations and their property. Article 12 of the decree expressly prohibits the illegal carrying of firearms, the movement in groups of persons bearing firearms, the wearing of uniforms similar to the security forces, the detention and confinement of alleged offenders, physical abuse, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the levying or collection of fines from individuals or populations, the “sentencing” of alleged offenders, and the creation of organizations based on race, ethnic origin or religion;
(b) 对涉嫌实施残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇者提起了法律诉讼。2016 年6 月的一份政府公报显示了政府决心确保自卫团体尊重目前生效的关于保护生命和人身安全的各项法律；
(b) Legal proceedings were initiated against persons suspected of acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. In June 2016, a communiqué from the Government outlined its determination to ensure that vigilante groups respect the various laws currently in force relating to the protection of life and the physical integrity of persons;
(c) 为了控制自卫团体的数量并遏制这些团体的行动，政府开展了提高认识活动，鼓励这些团体与国防和安全部队合作，停止侵犯人权行为。
(c) To curb the number of vigilante groups and their actions, the Government has carried out awareness-raising activities encouraging such groups to work with the defence and security forces and end human rights violations.
非政府组织提供的资料
Information from non-governmental organizations
(a) 当局致力于增加安全部队的数量。将自卫团体及其成员收编入地方警察队伍的做法依然存在问题，2016 年部长会议法令的实际执行也颇为不力。然而，政府于 2017 年成功解散了在Pouytenga 地区活动的伊斯兰自卫联防组织“Pouytenga Nachroul 伊斯兰协会”。
(a) The authorities are committed to increasing the number of security forces. The integration of vigilante groups and members into local police forces remains problematic, as does the actual implementation of the 2016 Council of Ministers decree. However, in 2017 the State was successful in dissolving the Association islamqiue Nachroul islam de Pouytenga, a vigilante Islamic security group functioning in Pouytenga. While a national forum on security and community policing took place in October 2017, very few of the recommendations made there were implemented;
(b) 在起诉和制裁侵犯人权行为的肇事者方面进展甚微。没有确切的统计数据，但有些肇事者因其行为而被逮捕、起诉和判刑；
(b) Little progress has been made on prosecuting and sentencing perpetrators of human rights violations. Exact statistics do not exist, but some perpetrators have been arrested, prosecuted and sentenced for their actions;