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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745802196 | {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|title=Sexcrime|artist=Eurythmics|award=Silver|relyear=1984|certyear=1984|salesamount=200,000|refname="BPI"}} | 2016-10-20T22:55:37Z | {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|title=Sexcrime|artist=Eurythmics|award=Silver|relyear=1984|certyear=1984|refname="BPI"}} | 2016-10-23T11:23:22Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743244587 | <noinclude><!--don't place any text above this line-->
(1) Please do not move or remove the <noinclude> tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial Service - Primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
</noinclude><!--lines above and below must not be blank-->
<noinclude><!--lines above and below must not be blank-->
| '''Other airports with scheduled passenger service'''
<!--Interwiki (other languages)-->
<!--do not place anything below this line--></noinclude> | 2016-07-01T02:55:19Z | (1) Please do not move or remove the onlyinclude tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial Service - Primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
<onlyinclude><!-- lines above and below must not be blank -->
</onlyinclude><!-- lines above and below must not be blank -->
| '''Commercial service – nonprimary airports'''
| 2016-10-08T19:08:15Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744344890 | Plants regulate the rate of transpiration by controlling the size of the stomatal apertures. The rate of transpiration is also influenced by the evaporative demand of the atmosphere surrounding the leaf such as boundary layer conductance, [[humidity]], [[temperature]], wind and incident sunlight. [[Soil]] water supply and soil temperature can influence stomatal opening, and thus transpiration rate. The amount of water lost by a plant also depends on its size and the amount of water absorbed at the roots. Transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant by the leaves and young stems. Transpiration serves to evaporatively cool plants, as the evaporating water carries away heat energy due to its large [[Latent heat|latent heat of vaporization]] of 2260 kJ per litre.
During a growing season, a leaf will transpire many times more water than its own weight. An acre of corn gives off about 3,000-4,000 gallons (11,400-15,100 liters) of water each day, and a large oak tree can transpire 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters) per year. The transpiration ratio is the ratio of the mass of water transpired to the mass of dry matter produced; the transpiration ratio of [[crops]] tends to fall between 200 and 1000 (''i.e.'', crop plants transpire 200 to 1000 kg of water for every kg of dry [[matter]] produced).<ref>{{Citation
| last=Martin | first=J. | last2=Leonard | first2=W.
| last3=Stamp | first3=D.
| title=Principles of Field Crop Production (Third Edition)
| publisher=New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. | year=1976
| isbn=0-02-376720-0}}</ref>
Transpiration rates of plants can be measured by a number of techniques, including [[potometer]]s, [[lysimeter]]s, porometers, [[photosynthesis system]]s and thermometric sap flow sensors. Isotope measurements indicate transpiration is the larger component of [[evapotranspiration]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jasechko|first=Scott|coauthors=Zachary D. Sharp, John J. Gibson, S. Jean Birks, Yi Yi & Peter J. Fawcett|title=Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration|journal=Nature|date=3 April 2013|doi=10.1038/nature11983|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature11983.html|accessdate=4 April 2013|pmid=23552893|volume=496|issue=7445|pages=347–50}}</ref> Recent evidence from a global study<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow|url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7567/full/nature14983.html|journal = Nature|date = 2015-09-03|issn = 0028-0836|pages = 91–94|volume = 525|issue = 7567|doi = 10.1038/nature14983|first = Jaivime|last = Evaristo|first2 = Scott|last2 = Jasechko|first3 = Jeffrey J.|last3 = McDonnell|publisher = NPG}}</ref> of water stable isotopes shows that transpired water is isotopically different from groundwater and streams. This suggests that soil water is not as well mixed as widely assumed.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Hydrology: The diversified economics of soil water|url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7567/full/525043a.html|journal = Nature|date = 2015-09-03|issn = 0028-0836|pages = 43–44|volume = 525|issue = 7567|doi = 10.1038/525043a|first = Gabriel|last = Bowen}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T16:36:23Z | Plants regulate the rate of transpiration by controlling the size of the stomatal apertures. The rate of transpiration is also influenced by the evaporative demand of the atmosphere surrounding the leaf such as boundary layer conductance, [[humidity]], [[temperature]], wind and incident sunlight. [[Soil]] water supply and soil temperature can influence stomatal opening, and thus transpiration rate. The amount of water lost by a plant also depends on its size and the amount of water absorbed at the roots. Transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant by the leaves and young stems. Transpiration serves to evaporatively cool plants, as the evaporating water carries away heat energy due to its large [[Latent heat|latent heat of vaporization]] of 2260 kJ per litre.
During a growing season, a leaf will transpire many times more water than its own weight. An acre of corn gives off about 3,000-4,000 gallons (11,400-15,100 liters) of water each day, and a large oak tree can transpire 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters) per year. The transpiration ratio is the ratio of the mass of water transpired to the mass of dry matter produced; the transpiration ratio of [[crops]] tends to fall between 200 and 1000 (''i.e.'', crop plants transpire 200 to 1000 kg of water for every kg of dry [[matter]] produced).<ref>{{Citation |last=Martin |first=J. |last2=Leonard |first2=W. |last3=Stamp |first3=D. |title=Principles of Field Crop Production |edition=3rd |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Publishing Co. |year=1976 |isbn=0-02-376720-0}}</ref>
Transpiration rates of plants can be measured by a number of techniques, including [[potometer]]s, [[lysimeter]]s, porometers, [[photosynthesis system]]s and thermometric sap flow sensors. Isotope measurements indicate transpiration is the larger component of [[evapotranspiration]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jasechko |first1=Scott |last2=Sharp |first2=Zachary D. |last3=Gibson |first3=John J. |last4=Birks |first4=S. Jean |last5=Yi |first5=Yi |last6=Fawcett |first6=Peter J. |title=Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration |journal=Nature |date=3 April 2013 |doi=10.1038/nature11983 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature11983.html |accessdate=4 April 2013 |pmid=23552893 |volume=496 |issue=7445 |pages=347–50}}</ref> Recent evidence from a global study<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7567/full/nature14983.html |journal=Nature |date=2015-09-03 |issn=0028-0836 |pages=91–94 |volume=525 |issue=7567 |doi=10.1038/nature14983 |first=Jaivime |last=Evaristo |first2=Scott |last2=Jasechko |first3=Jeffrey J.|last3=McDonnell |publisher=NPG}}</ref> of water stable isotopes shows that transpired water is isotopically different from groundwater and streams. This suggests that soil water is not as well mixed as widely assumed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hydrology: The diversified economics of soil water |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7567/full/525043a.html |journal=Nature |date=2015-09-03 |issn=0028-0836 |pages=43–44 |volume=525 |issue=7567 |doi=10.1038/525043a |first=Gabriel |last=Bowen}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T16:41:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741510755 | ==Goals of Death Education==
“Death is no enemy of life; it restores our sense of the value of living. Illness restores the sense of proportion that is lost when we take life for granted. To learn about value and proportion we need to honor illness, and ultimately to honor death.”.<ref>Frank, 2002, p. 120</ref> Death education honors death by educating about death, dying, and bereavement to enrich personal lives, inform and guide individuals in their transactions with society, prepare individuals for their public roles as citizens, help prepare and support individuals in their professional and vocational roles, and lastly to enhance the ability of individuals to communicate effectively about death-related matters.<ref>Corr, 2013, p. 13-14</ref> | 2015-11-15T05:28:26Z | ==Goals==
"Death is no enemy of life; it restores our sense of the value of living. Illness restores the sense of proportion that is lost when we take life for granted. To learn about value and proportion we need to honor illness, and ultimately to honor death."<ref>Frank, 2002, p. 120</ref> Death education honors death by educating about death, dying, and bereavement to enrich personal lives, inform and guide individuals in their transactions with society, prepare individuals for their public roles as citizens, help prepare and support individuals in their professional and vocational roles, and lastly to enhance the ability of individuals to communicate effectively about death-related matters.<ref>Corr, 2013, p. 13-14</ref> | 2016-09-27T23:44:25Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744537217 | [[Lucie Delarue-Mardrus]] wrote love poems to Barney in the early years of the century, and in 1930 depicted her in a novel, ''L'Ange et les Pervers'' (''The Angel and the Perverts''), in which she said she "analyzed and described Natalie at length as well as the life into which she initiated me". The [[protagonist]] of the novel is a [[hermaphrodite]] named Marion who lives a double life, frequenting literary salons in female dress, then changing from skirt to trousers to attend gay [[party|soirées]]. Barney is Laurette Wells, a salon hostess who spends much of the novel trying to win back an ex-lover loosely based on Renée Vivien.<ref>Livia (1995), 22–23.</ref> The book's portrayal of her is, at times, harshly critical, but she is the only person whose company Marion enjoys. He/she tells Wells that she is "perverse... dissolute, self-centered, unfair, stubborn, sometimes miserly... [but] a genuine rebel, ever ready to incite others to rebellion.... [Y]ou are capable of loving someone just as they are, even a thief—in that lies your only fidelity. And so you have my respect."<ref>Delarue-Mardrus, 80–81.</ref> | 2016-09-20T20:50:50Z | [[Lucie Delarue-Mardrus]] wrote love poems to Barney in the early years of the century, and in 1930 depicted her in a novel, ''L'Ange et les Pervers'' (''The Angel and the Perverts''), in which she said she "analyzed and described Natalie at length as well as the life into which she initiated me". The [[protagonist]] of the novel is a [[hermaphrodite]] named Marion who lives a double life, frequenting literary salons in female dress, then changing from skirt to trousers to attend gay [[party|soirées]]. Barney is Laurette Wells, a salon hostess who spends much of the novel trying to win back an ex-lover loosely based on Renée Vivien.<ref>Livia (1995), 22–23.</ref> The book's portrayal of her is, at times, harshly critical, but she is the only person whose company Marion enjoys. They tell Wells that she is "perverse... dissolute, self-centered, unfair, stubborn, sometimes miserly... [but] a genuine rebel, ever ready to incite others to rebellion.... [Y]ou are capable of loving someone just as they are, even a thief—in that lies your only fidelity. And so you have my respect."<ref>Delarue-Mardrus, 80–81.</ref> | 2016-10-15T21:54:18Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743870736 | [[Virtual Reality]] and [[Augmented Reality]] allow users to interact with digital content in real-time. This can be useful for training simulations, visual perception tests, or performing a virtual walk-throughs in a 3D environment. Motion capture technology is frequently used in [[digital puppetry]] systems to drive computer generated characters in real-time. | 2016-10-06T12:30:59Z | [[Virtual Reality]] and [[Augmented Reality]] providers, such as [[uSens]] and [[Gestigon]], allow users to interact with digital content in real time by capturing hand motions. This can be useful for training simulations, visual perception tests, or performing a virtual walk-throughs in a 3D environment. Motion capture technology is frequently used in [[digital puppetry]] systems to drive computer generated characters in real-time. | 2016-10-11T19:02:58Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746275731 |
== References ==
{{reflist}}
| 2016-09-23T05:20:19Z | == References ==
{{reflist}} | 2016-10-26T11:11:40Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741578191 | {{Multiple issues|
{{orphan|date=July 2010}}
{{lead missing|date=July 2010}}
}}
Many gangs started appearing in the US state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] in the late 1980s, as a result of the [[crack cocaine]] epidemic.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://clatl.com/atlanta/gang-mentality/Content?oid=1524413 | title=Gang mentality | work=Creative Loafing Atlanta | date=17 June 2010 | accessdate=28 August 2015 | author=Stuart, Gwynedd}}</ref> In 2003, there were an estimated 58 gangs in the Atlanta area alone. In 2015, Atlanta police announced that they were tracking an estimated 120 gangs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3669/overview.htm | title=Georgia Drug Threat Assessment | work=National Drug Intelligence Center | date=April 2003 | accessdate=28 August 2015}}</ref> In more recent times, Mexican drug cartels have established Atlanta as a major distribution hub for Methamphetamine, Marijuana, Cocaine, and Heroin. The well-known gangs are mainly concentrated in Cobb and Gwinnett, but have hybrid sets that are found in smaller cities all over Georgia. Some of the gangs are nationwide, such as the [[Sureños]], [[Bloods]], [[Gangster Disciples]], and the [[Crips]], who have sent high ranking shotcallers to establish local neighborhood cliques as loyal sets under the same flag. Other gangs have originated from inside the Georgia prison system such as the Ghostface Gangsters.
[[Illegal drug trade|Drug dealing]] is the main source of money for gang members, which has led some of the gangs to form untraditional alliances with one another. [[Armed Robbery]], commonly drug robberies, are another way in which gangs capitalize in Atlanta's open air drug market. Downtown [[Atlanta]] has had national television coverage about the gang situation. The city was featured on the show ''[[Gangland (TV series)|Gangland]]'', in the episodes "Death in Dixie," "Street Law," and "Death Before Dishonor." In addition, the city has been featured on "Drugs Inc." numerous times. A movie called "Snow on the Bluff" illustrates the type of crime that occurs throughout Atlanta's entire metro area.
==Zones==
Atlanta is divided into the [[Police Patrol Zones of Atlanta]], which some of the gangs recognize as turf divisions.<ref>http://www.sundaypaper.com/More/Archives/tabid/98/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/3956/Atlantas-gang-problem.aspx</ref> The zones in Atlanta are:
*Zone 1: The neighborhoods that are within Zone 1 are: Bankhead, Hollywood, Hollywood Court, Bolton Road, Hightower, Bowen Homes, English Avenue, Vine City, and Fair Street.
*Zone 2: This area is located on the North East/West of Atlanta. Some of the neighborhoods include Lenox Square,Lindbergh Cenattley,Howell Mill and NorthEast Atlanta
*Zone 3: The neighborhoods in Zone 3 are: Mechanicsville, Thomasville, Summer Hill, Grant Park, College Park, Forest Park, Lakewood, East Point and Jonesboro South.
*Zone 4: The neighborhoods in Zone 4 are: Ben Hill, Oakland City, Cascade,Wildwood Lakes Community, 1500 Block, West End, Westview, Allen Hills and Adamsville.
*Zone 5: The neighborhoods in Zone 5 are: 4th Ward, Wheat Street, Grady Homes, Irwin Street and Techwood.
* Zone 6: The neighborhoods in Zone 6 are: Candler Road, Reynoldstown, Edgewood, Kirkwood, East Lake, East Atlanta, Bouldercrest Road, Memorial Drive and Glenwood
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gang Uprising In Georgia}} | 2016-09-05T04:58:07Z | The US state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and especially the capital [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], has seen a rise in the number of [[gang]]s over recent years, in the main focused on the [[illegal drug trade]]. Within Atlanta, gang territories coincide in part with police patrol zones.
==Development of gangs==
Many gangs started appearing in Georgia in the late 1980s, as a result of the [[crack cocaine]] epidemic.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://clatl.com/atlanta/gang-mentality/Content?oid=1524413 | title=Gang mentality | work=Creative Loafing Atlanta | date=17 June 2010 | accessdate=28 August 2015 | author=Stuart, Gwynedd}}</ref> In 2003, there were an estimated 58 gangs in the Atlanta area alone. In 2015, Atlanta police announced that they were tracking an estimated 120 gangs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3669/overview.htm | title=Georgia Drug Threat Assessment | work=National Drug Intelligence Center | date=April 2003 | accessdate=28 August 2015}}</ref> In more recent times, Mexican drug cartels have established Atlanta as a major distribution hub for [[methamphetamine]], [[marijuana]], [[cocaine]], and [[heroin]]. Drug dealing is the main source of money for gang members, which has led some of the gangs to form untraditional alliances with one another. [[Armed robbery]], commonly drug robberies, are another way in which gangs capitalize in Atlanta's open air drug market.
==Territories==
The well-known gangs are mainly concentrated in Cobb and Gwinnett, but have hybrid sets that are found in smaller cities all over Georgia. Some of the gangs are nationwide, such as the [[Sureños]], [[Bloods]], [[Gangster Disciples]], and the [[Crips]], who have sent high ranking shotcallers to establish local neighborhood cliques as loyal sets under the same flag. Other gangs have originated from inside the Georgia prison system such as the Ghostface Gangsters.
===Zones===
Atlanta is divided into the [[Police Patrol Zones of Atlanta]], which some of the gangs recognize as [[turf]] divisions.<ref>http://www.sundaypaper.com/More/Archives/tabid/98/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/3956/Atlantas-gang-problem.aspx</ref> The zones cover neighborhoods in Atlanta as follows:
*Zone 1: Bankhead, Hollywood, Hollywood Court, Bolton Road, Hightower, Bowen Homes, English Avenue, Vine City, and Fair Street.
*Zone 2: The North East/West of Atlanta, including Lenox Square, Lindbergh Cenattley, Howell Mill and NorthEast Atlanta.
*Zone 3: Mechanicsville, Thomasville, Summer Hill, Grant Park, College Park, Forest Park, Lakewood, East Point and Jonesboro South.
*Zone 4: Ben Hill, Oakland City, Cascade,Wildwood Lakes Community, 1500 Block, West End, Westview, Allen Hills and Adamsville.
*Zone 5: 4th Ward, Wheat Street, Grady Homes, Irwin Street and Techwood.
*Zone 6: Candler Road, Reynoldstown, Edgewood, Kirkwood, East Lake, East Atlanta, Bouldercrest Road, Memorial Drive and Glenwood.
==Media coverage==
Downtown Atlanta has had national television coverage about the gang situation. The city was featured on the show ''[[Gangland (TV series)|Gangland]]'', in the episodes "Death in Dixie," "Street Law," and "Death Before Dishonor." In addition, the city has been featured on "Drugs Inc." numerous times. A movie called "Snow on the Bluff" illustrates the type of crime that occurs throughout Atlanta's entire metro area.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gangs in Georgia}} | 2016-09-28T11:05:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744708261 | In [[Christianity]], the Messiah is called the [[Christ]] ({{IPAc-en|k|r|aɪ|s|t}}; {{Lang-el|Χριστός|lit=Anointed One|translit=Khristós}}; {{Lang-he|מָשִׁיחַ|translit=Māšîah|lit=Mashiach}}), the saviour and [[Redeemer (Christianity)|redeemer]] who would bring [[Salvation (Christianity)|salvation]] to the [[Jewish people]] and mankind. Christ is the Greek translation of Messiah, meaning "Anointed one". The role of the Christ, the Messiah in Christianity, [[Christianity_and_Judaism#The_Messiah|originated from the concept]] of the [[messiah in Judaism]]. Though the conceptions of the messiah in each religion are similar, for the most part they are distinct from one another due to the split of [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|early Christianity and Judaism]] in the [[Christianity in the 1st century|1st century]]. [[Christian]]s believe [[Jesus]] to be the [[Jewish messiah]] (Christ) of the [[Hebrew Bible]] and the [[Old Testament|Christian Old Testament]]. | 2016-07-23T19:47:08Z | In [[Christianity]], the Messiah is called the [[Christ]] ({{IPAc-en|k|r|aɪ|s|t}}; {{Lang-el|Χριστός|lit=Anointed One|translit=Khristós}}; {{Lang-he|מָשִׁיחַ|translit=Māšîah|lit=Mashiach}}), the saviour and [[Redeemer (Christianity)|redeemer]] who would bring [[Salvation (Christianity)|salvation]] to the [[Jewish people]] and mankind. "Christ" is the Greek translation of "Messiah", meaning "Anointed one". The role of the Christ, the Messiah in Christianity, [[Christianity_and_Judaism#The_Messiah|originated from the concept]] of the [[messiah in Judaism]]. Though the conceptions of the messiah in each religion are similar, for the most part they are distinct from one another due to the split of [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|early Christianity and Judaism]] in the [[Christianity in the 1st century|1st century]]. [[Christian]]s believe [[Jesus]] to be the [[Jewish messiah]] (Christ) of the [[Hebrew Bible]] and the [[Old Testament|Christian Old Testament]]. | 2016-10-16T23:44:11Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744899754 | ==Adults' and children's behavior in dictator games==
# Dictators' [[utility function]]s may include benefits received by others. | 2016-10-06T10:53:35Z | ==Adults' and children's behavior==
# Dictators' utility functions may include benefits received by others. | 2016-10-18T03:53:15Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745673792 | | line = [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]<br/>lucknow-gorakhpur line<br/>gomti nagar- dilkusha line (under construction)<br/>lucknow- faizabad-varanasi line<br/>lucknow-Gonda-Balrampur
| tracks = 3 (4 more under construction ,Single Electrified BG)
| services = <!-- Only use S-rail/S-line Templates here, without start or end -->
Gomti Nagar is one of the local stations in Lucknow and lies on [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]. Many stations are covered by Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway. It serves daily commuters. Some of the trains are operated from Barabanki city. The honorable Home minister and the MP from the city Rajnath Singh has announced that Gomti nagar will be developed into an international level railway station and number of platforms will be increased to six.The facilities will be world class. Many northeast bound trains like Krishak express, Gorakhpur intercity, Faizabad passenger, etc. will originate and terminate here. It will be developed as a satellite station to reduce pressure on Charbagh railwaystation. After its development following a three phase project it will be renamed as GOMTI NAGAR TERMINUS.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Bullet-train-from-Lucknow-to-Kanpur/articleshow/2980777.cms Bullet train from Lucknow to Kanpur]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/up-govt-planning-highspeed-metro-rail-project-between-lucknow-kanpur/article6812769.ece UP govt. planning high-speed metro rail project between Lucknow, Kanpur]</ref>
In 2013, [[Railway Minister]] [[DV Sadananda Gowda]] declared that a paltry Rs three crore for its second phase development and upgradation of amenities at Gomti Nagar station.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rs-108cr-sanctioned-for-Gomtinagar-station-development/articleshow/48862745.cms Rs 108cr sanctioned for Gomtinagar station development]</ref><ref>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-14/news/69765433_1_stations-redevelopment-plan-modernisation Railways to ask NBCC to redevelop Gomtinagar and Bhubaneswar stations]</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#ffffff;"
!! style="background-color:#FFD700" | Train Name
!! style="background-color:#FFD700" | origin
| align="left" | 15009
| align="left" | Gorakhpur-Gomtinagar express
| align="left" | Gorakhpur junction
| align="left" | destination
|-
| align="left" | 15010
| align="left" | Gomtinagar-Gorakhpur express
| align="left" | origin
| align="left" | Gorakhpur junction
{{s-rail-start|noclear=yes}}
{{s-rail|title=Indian Railways}}
{{s-line|system=Indian Railways|previous=Badshahnagar|next= Malhaur|line=Northern Railway zone|branch= [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]|rows1=1}}
{{end}} | 2016-09-01T18:40:56Z | | line = [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]<br/>Lucknow-Gorakhpur line<br/>Gomti Nagar-Dilkusha line (under construction)<br/>Lucknow-Faizabad-Varanasi line<br/>Lucknow-Gonda-Balrampur
| tracks = 3 (4 more under construction, single electrified [[Indian gauge|BG]])
| services = {{s-rail|title=Indian Railways}}
{{s-line|system=Indian Railways|previous=Badshahnagar|next= Malhaur|line=Northern Railway zone|branch= [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]|rows1=1}}
Gomti Nagar is one of the local stations in Lucknow and lies on [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]]. Many stations are covered by Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway. It serves daily commuters. Some of the trains are operated from Barabanki city. The honorable Home minister and the MP from the city Rajnath Singh has announced that Gomti Nagar will be developed into an international level railway station and the number of platforms will be increased to six. The facilities will be world class. Many northeast bound trains like Krishak express, Gorakhpur intercity, Faizabad passenger, etc. will originate and terminate here. It will be developed as a satellite station to reduce pressure on Charbagh railway station. After its development following a three phase project it will be renamed as Gomti Nagar Terminus.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Bullet-train-from-Lucknow-to-Kanpur/articleshow/2980777.cms| title=Bullet train from Lucknow to Kanpur| website=Times of India| first=Neha| last=Shukla| date=25 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/up-govt-planning-highspeed-metro-rail-project-between-lucknow-kanpur/article6812769.ece| title=UP govt. planning high-speed metro rail project between Lucknow, Kanpur| website=The Hindu| first=Sandeep| last=Joshi| date=23 January 2015}}</ref>
In 2013, [[Railway Minister]] [[DV Sadananda Gowda]] declared that a paltry Rs three crore for its second phase development and upgradation of amenities at Gomti Nagar station.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rs-108cr-sanctioned-for-Gomtinagar-station-development/articleshow/48862745.cms| title=Rs 108cr sanctioned for Gomtinagar station development| website=Times of India| author=TNN| date=8 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-14/news/69765433_1_stations-redevelopment-plan-modernisation| title=Railways to ask NBCC to redevelop Gomtinagar and Bhubaneswar stations| website=The Economic Times| author=PTI| date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!! style="background-color:#FFD700" | Train name
!! style="background-color:#FFD700" | Origin
| 15009
| Gorakhpur-Gomtinagar express
| Gorakhpur junction
| destination
| 15010
| Gomtinagar-Gorakhpur express
| origin
| Gorakhpur junction | 2016-10-22T16:14:43Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745885675 | |{{Flag icon|GER}} [[Slavko Petrović]] | 2016-10-23T18:17:52Z | |{{Flag icon|SRB}} [[Slavko Petrović]] | 2016-10-23T23:27:10Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745670684 | | [[Mary Miller]] | 2016-09-08T01:23:48Z | | [[Mary Miller (art historian)|Mary Miller]] | 2016-10-22T15:49:49Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744278474 | Situated on the north-west coast of the island, the 22nd Brigade was allocated a frontage of {{convert|8|mi|km}} – considerably larger than normal – along a stretch of coast line that was hard to defend due to its terrain.{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=231}}{{sfn|Morgan|2013|p=12}} When the Japanese assaulted the island on 8 February 1942, the main assault fell on the 22nd Brigade's area.{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=234}} Stretched across a wide frontage, the 2/20th Battalion's lines were eventually infiltrated by the assaulting Japanese. After initially inflicting heavy casualties on the Japanese the battalion, threatened with encirclement, was forced to withdraw to a new position along Lim Chu Road. Although still intact, it was apparent that this position would shortly be overwhelmed and the battalion was again ordered to move south, during which it became scattered.<ref name=AWM/> The initial Japanese assault cost the battalion heavily. Casualties on the first night amounted to 334 killed and 214 wounded,{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=235}} including the commanding officer, second-in-command and three of the four company commanders.{{sfn|Hall|1983|p=167}} After Assheton had been wounded in the initial Japanese assault, a section was sent out to pull him to safety but before they reached him, he ordered them to leave him due to the volume of Japanese fire and he was subsequently killed.{{sfn|Hall|1983|p=167}}{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=322}} | 2016-10-14T04:10:54Z | Situated on the north-west coast of the island, the 22nd Brigade was allocated a frontage of {{convert|8|mi|km}} – considerably larger than normal – along a stretch of coast line that was hard to defend due to the tidal flats and islets that punctuated the terrain.{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=231}}{{sfn|Morgan|2013|p=12}} When the Japanese assaulted the island on 8 February 1942, the main assault fell on the 22nd Brigade's area, with the 2/20th bearing the brunt of the initial attack.{{sfn|Wall|Seale|1985}}{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=234}} Stretched across a brigade-sized frontage of {{convert|7,000|yds}}, which ran north along the coast from the Serimbun River to the Kranji River, and which included the Namazie Estate, an airfield and the main supply route that ran along the sealed Lim Chu Kang road,{{sfn|Wall|Seale|1985|pp=51–59}} the 2/20th Battalion's lines, held by a total of about 750 men, were eventually infiltrated by the assaulting Japanese. After initially inflicting heavy casualties on the Japanese the battalion, threatened with encirclement, was forced to withdraw to a new position along Lim Chu Road. Although still intact, it was apparent that this position would shortly be overwhelmed and the battalion was again ordered to move south, during which it became scattered.<ref name=AWM/> The initial Japanese assault cost the battalion heavily. Casualties on the first night amounted to 334 killed and 214 wounded,{{sfn|Legg|1965|p=235}} including the commanding officer, second-in-command and three of the four company commanders.{{sfn|Hall|1983|p=167}} After Assheton had been wounded in the initial Japanese assault, a section was sent out to pull him to safety but before they reached him, he ordered them to leave him due to the volume of Japanese fire and he was subsequently killed.{{sfn|Hall|1983|p=167}}{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=322}} | 2016-10-14T07:14:30Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744882955 | One of the biggest technical strengths of Jenkins is that it is [https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Extension+points extremely extensible]. This, plus the desire to be very welcoming as a community, {{citation needed|date=October 2016}} is the reason why Jenkins has now more than 1200 plugins and hundreds of developers, and that several new ones are created and made available in the official Update Center each month. | 2016-10-18T01:08:24Z | Jenkins supports extensibility with plugins. | 2016-10-18T01:10:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741572867 | | [[Stefan Janković (basketball)|Stefan Janković]], Hawaii<ref name="Big West awards">{{cite press release|url=http://www.bigwest.org//story.asp?story_id=18965 |title=Big West Announces Men's Basketball All-Conference Team |publisher=Big West Conference |date=March 7, 2016 |accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-19T06:51:04Z | | [[Stefan Janković (basketball)|Stefan Janković]], Hawaii<ref name="Big West awards">{{cite press release|url=http://www.bigwest.org//story.asp?story_id=18965 |title=Big West Announces Men's Basketball All-Conference Team |publisher=Big West Conference |date=March 7, 2016 |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6843EfNN0?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigwest.org%2F%2Fstory.asp%3Fstory_id%3D15959 |archivedate=May 31, 2012 |df= }}</ref> | 2016-09-28T10:00:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741469119 | The '''South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation''' ('''SAARC''') is regional [[intergovernmental organization]] and [[geopolitical]] union in [[South Asia]]. Its member states include [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], the [[Maldives]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. SAARC compromises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 9.12% of the global economy, as of 2015. | 2016-09-27T18:01:42Z | The '''South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation''' ('''SAARC''') is regional [[intergovernmental organization]] and [[geopolitical]] union in [[South Asia]]. Its member states include [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], the [[Maldives]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 9.12% of the global economy, as of 2015. | 2016-09-27T18:11:55Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741399483 | |align=center| 4,924<ref>{{uk icon}} {{cite news|url=http://stadion.lviv.ua/ua/Kharkiv_training_stadion |title=Харків відкрив тренувальний центр "Сонячний" |trans_title=Kharkiv has opened the training base "Sonyachniy"|date=11 May 2011 |work=stadion.lviv.ua |accessdate=2 September 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A5Mqcw4R|archivedate=21 August 2012 }}</ref>
|align=center| 1,300<ref name="pfl-2">{{ua icon}} {{cite web|url=http://pfl.ua/football_news.php?readmore=6206|title="Полтава-2-Карлівка" гратиме на оновленому стадіоні|trans_title= Poltava-2 Karlivka will play in updated stadium|date=9 October 2013|publisher=PFL|accessdate=9 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6CHIZXyXY|archivedate=18 November 2012}}</ref> | 2016-07-10T08:00:42Z | |align=center| 4,924<ref>{{uk icon}} {{cite news|url=http://stadion.lviv.ua/ua/Kharkiv_training_stadion |title=Харків відкрив тренувальний центр "Сонячний" |trans_title=Kharkiv has opened the training base "Sonyachniy" |date=11 May 2011 |work=stadion.lviv.ua |accessdate=2 September 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A5Mqcw4R?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstadion.lviv.ua%2Fua%2FKharkiv_training_stadion |archivedate=21 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
|align=center| 1,300<ref name="pfl-2">{{ua icon}} {{cite web|url=http://pfl.ua/football_news.php?readmore=6206 |title="Полтава-2-Карлівка" гратиме на оновленому стадіоні |trans_title=Poltava-2 Karlivka will play in updated stadium |date=9 October 2013 |publisher=PFL |accessdate=9 October 2013 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6CHIZXyXY?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpfl.ua%2Ffootball_news.php%3Freadmore%3D6206 |archivedate=18 November 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> | 2016-09-27T07:49:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741447598 | On 27 September, Turkish reinforcements were reported to be arrived in west of Çobanbey, Syria; furthermore, following the tensions over Tel Abyad, Turkey sent military units to the border region of Tel Abyad as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/cerablus-operasyonu-suriyeye-takviye-zirhli-birlikler-sevk-edildi/|publisher=Diken|title=Cerablus Operasyonu: Suriye'ye takviye zırhlı birlikler sevk edildi|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Soon after that, opposition forces started an offensive targetting Sawran and Dabiq from two sides, and captured 2 villages from IS.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2016/27-september-fsa-established-full-control-over-tilaylan-village|title=FSA established full control over Tilaylan|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Same day, during his meeting with [[Boris Johnson]], Turkish FM [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] highlighted that YPG forces still didn't withdraw from Manbij and its countryside and stated; "this means USA either is not capable to influence YPG or they do not want to influence them."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://aljazeera.com.tr/haber/cavusoglundan-abdye-ypgyi-munbicten-ya-gonderemiyor-ya-da-gondermek-istemiyor|publisher=Al Jazeera Türk|title=Çavuşoğlu'ndan ABD'ye: YPG'yi Münbiç'ten ya gönderemiyor, ya göndermek istemiyor|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-27T15:12:22Z | On 27 September, Turkish reinforcements were reported to be arrived in west of Çobanbey, Syria; Turkey sent military units to the border region of Tel Abyad as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/cerablus-operasyonu-suriyeye-takviye-zirhli-birlikler-sevk-edildi/|publisher=Diken|title=Cerablus Operasyonu: Suriye'ye takviye zırhlı birlikler sevk edildi|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Soon after that, opposition forces started an offensive targetting Sawran and Dabiq from two sides, and captured 2 villages from IS.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2016/27-september-fsa-established-full-control-over-tilaylan-village|title=FSA established full control over Tilaylan|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Same day, during his meeting with [[Boris Johnson]], Turkish FM [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] highlighted that YPG forces still didn't withdraw from Manbij and its countryside and stated; "this means USA either is not capable to influence YPG or they do not want to influence them."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://aljazeera.com.tr/haber/cavusoglundan-abdye-ypgyi-munbicten-ya-gonderemiyor-ya-da-gondermek-istemiyor|publisher=Al Jazeera Türk|title=Çavuşoğlu'ndan ABD'ye: YPG'yi Münbiç'ten ya gönderemiyor, ya göndermek istemiyor|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-27T15:25:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741872773 | A total of 3,070,847 people were registered to vote in the election,<ref name="electorate">{{cite web |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/ages/electorate_all.html |title= Enrolment statistics for the whole of New Zealand |publisher= Electoral Commission |date= 26 November 2011 |accessdate= 2 December 2011}}</ref> with over 2.2 million votes cast and a [[voter turnout|turnout]] of 73.83%<ref name="prelim results">{{cite web|title=Preliminary results for the 2011 General Election and advance voting for the Referendum on the Voting System|url=http://www.elections.org.nz/study/news/preliminary-results-for-the-2011-general-election-and-advance-voting-for-the-referendum-on-the-voting-system.html|publisher=Elections New Zealand|accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref>—the lowest turnout since 1887.<ref>{{cite news |title="Decision 2011":Election Special Issue |newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=28 November 2011 |page=2 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/elections-dates-turnout.html |publisher=Elections New Zealand |accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref> The poor turnout was partially explained with many voters expecting the outcome to be a foregone conclusion, and a similar attitude was observed in {{NZ election link year|2002}}, when the Labour Party was well ahead in the polls and a low turnout resulted.<ref name="Low voting turnout">{{cite news |title=Editorial: Low voting turnout a product of many factors |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/best-of-political-analysis/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502734&objectid=10769710 |accessdate=3 December 2011 |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |date=30 November 2011}}</ref>
[[Mojo Mathers]], elected as number 14 on the list, is New Zealand's first profoundly deaf MP.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tvnz.co.nz/election-2011/greens-ecstatic-have-14-mps-4625646 |title= Greens 'ecstatic' to have 14 MPs |publisher= Television New Zealand |date= 10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10772275 |title= First deaf MP to join Parliament |publisher= New Zealand Herald |date= 10 December 2011}}</ref> | 2016-08-27T19:24:08Z | A total of 3,070,847 people were registered to vote in the election,<ref name="electorate">{{cite web |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/ages/electorate_all.html |title= Enrolment statistics for the whole of New Zealand |publisher= Electoral Commission |date= 26 November 2011 |accessdate= 2 December 2011}}</ref> with over 2.2 million votes cast and a [[voter turnout|turnout]] of 73.83%<ref name="prelim results">{{cite web|title=Preliminary results for the 2011 General Election and advance voting for the Referendum on the Voting System|url=http://www.elections.org.nz/study/news/preliminary-results-for-the-2011-general-election-and-advance-voting-for-the-referendum-on-the-voting-system.html|publisher=Elections New Zealand|accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref>—the lowest turnout since 1887.<ref>{{cite news |title="Decision 2011":Election Special Issue |newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=28 November 2011 |page=2 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/elections-dates-turnout.html |publisher=Elections New Zealand |accessdate=3 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527022404/http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/elections-dates-turnout.html |archivedate=27 May 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> The poor turnout was partially explained with many voters expecting the outcome to be a foregone conclusion, and a similar attitude was observed in {{NZ election link year|2002}}, when the Labour Party was well ahead in the polls and a low turnout resulted.<ref name="Low voting turnout">{{cite news |title=Editorial: Low voting turnout a product of many factors |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/best-of-political-analysis/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502734&objectid=10769710 |accessdate=3 December 2011 |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |date=30 November 2011}}</ref>
[[Mojo Mathers]], elected as number 14 on the list, is New Zealand's first profoundly deaf MP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/election-2011/greens-ecstatic-have-14-mps-4625646 |title=Greens 'ecstatic' to have 14 MPs |publisher=Television New Zealand |date=10 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110033303/http://tvnz.co.nz:80/election-2011/greens-ecstatic-have-14-mps-4625646 |archivedate=10 January 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10772275 |title= First deaf MP to join Parliament |publisher= New Zealand Herald |date= 10 December 2011}}</ref> | 2016-09-30T05:27:58Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742705868 | His 2012 film ''The Turner Film Diaries'' is based on the infamous, racist American novel, [[The Turner Diaries]]
.<ref>http://www.idfa.nl/industry/tags/project.aspx?id=F68147DA-57E4-4768-B59B-4A6D710174EB</ref>
He has written for e-flux Journal<ref>http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60261/from-guilt-to-sickness-part-i-looking-for-plague-in-all-the-right-places/</ref> and has been featured in various contemporary art biennials.<ref>http://artforum.com/words/id=63513</ref>
In 2016 he released the documentary ,"Terra Nullius or: How to Be A Nationalist," which focuses on disputed territory in the East China Sea.<ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2016/02_programm_2016/02_Filmdatenblatt_2016_201603082.php#tab=filmStills</ref> | 2016-10-04T18:37:20Z | His 2012 film ''The Turner Film Diaries'' is based on the infamous, racist American novel, ''[[The Turner Diaries]]''.<ref>http://www.idfa.nl/industry/tags/project.aspx?id=F68147DA-57E4-4768-B59B-4A6D710174EB</ref>
He has written for ''[[e-flux publications|e-flux journal]]''<ref>http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60261/from-guilt-to-sickness-part-i-looking-for-plague-in-all-the-right-places/</ref> and has been featured in various contemporary art biennials.<ref>http://artforum.com/words/id=63513</ref>
In 2016 he released the documentary ''Terra Nullius or: How to Be a Nationalist'', which focuses on disputed territory in the East China Sea.<ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2016/02_programm_2016/02_Filmdatenblatt_2016_201603082.php#tab=filmStills</ref> | 2016-10-05T08:11:26Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744069031 | | location_country = UK
'''The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited''' ('''BSA''') was a major British industrial combine, a group of businesses manufacturing military and sporting firearms; bicycles; motorcycles; cars; buses and bodies; steel; iron castings; [[hand tool|hand]], [[power tool|power]], and [[machine tool|machine]] tools; coal cleaning and handling plants; sintered metals; and hard chrome process. | 2016-10-11T22:09:57Z | | location_country = [[UK]]
'''The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited''' ('''BSA''') was a major [[United Kingdom|British]] industrial combine, a group of businesses manufacturing military and sporting firearms; bicycles; motorcycles; cars; buses and bodies; steel; iron castings; [[hand tool|hand]], [[power tool|power]], and [[machine tool|machine]] tools; coal cleaning and handling plants; sintered metals; and hard chrome process. | 2016-10-12T22:58:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742132018 | Donna married her high school boyfriend and moved to Nashville (he was at Vanderbilt) immediately after high school. Though armed with only a high school degree and no experience, she began working at a radio station in Nashville. Two young girls, Vickie and Debbie, were born soon after. The couple was quite poor. With a husband in school and Donna at a low paying but fun job, the money was scarce. Several years later Donna followed one of the disc jockeys from WKDA into his advertising firm, Bill Hudson and Associates. She moved up the hierarchy in that position. Several years later her previous boss at the radio station had also been running a music publishing company, Tree. When Mr Stapp ( owner of Tree ) called Donna to say his secretary had taken ill and had stated only one person could do her job, and that person was Donna Hilley, Donna moved over to Tree Publishing. The position was "executive assistant" to Jack Stapp. Not so slowly, but in a very dedicated and determined style that became two well known character traits in Donna. The music business was historically a man's world, especially in those days. Donna worked her way up to president and CEO later of Tree Publishing. | 2016-08-09T16:20:17Z | Donna married her high school boyfriend and moved to Nashville (he was at Vanderbilt) immediately after high school. Though armed with only a high school degree and no experience, she began working at a radio station in Nashville. Two young girls, Vickie and Debbie, were born soon after. The couple was quite poor. With a husband in school and Donna at a low paying but fun job, the money was scarce. Several years later Donna followed one of the disc jockeys from WKDA into his advertising firm, Bill Hudson and Associates. She moved up the hierarchy in that position. In 1980 Donna and Rayford were surprised with the birth of their third daughter Whitney (19 & 21 years younger than Vickie and Debbie). Several years later her previous boss at the radio station had also been running a music publishing company, Tree. When Mr Stapp ( owner of Tree ) called Donna to say his secretary had taken ill and had stated only one person could do her job, and that person was Donna Hilley, Donna moved over to Tree Publishing. The position was "executive assistant" to Jack Stapp. Not so slowly, but in a very dedicated and determined style that became two well known character traits in Donna. The music business was historically a man's world, especially in those days. Donna worked her way up to president and CEO later of Tree Publishing. | 2016-10-01T22:00:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744685794 | ==Growth of Liberty University==
Under Falwell's leadership, Liberty University has grown from about 37,000 students to more than 90,000 students, with more than 80,000 of them taking courses through Liberty University Online. More than 13,800 residential students are currently enrolled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=125545 |title=Record number of students on campus this semester | Liberty University |publisher=Liberty.edu |date= |accessdate=2015-04-16}}</ref> | 2016-10-16T20:46:40Z | ==Liberty University==
As of 2015, Liberty University had 90,000 students enrolled, with more than 80,000 of them taking courses through Liberty University, while 13,800 are residential students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=125545 |title=Record number of students on campus this semester | Liberty University |publisher=Liberty.edu |date= |accessdate=2015-04-16}}</ref> | 2016-10-16T20:50:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743851919 | Hollande made a [[state visit]] to the United States in February 2014; a state dinner was given in his honor by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/11/politics/gallery/france-state-visit/index.html?hpt=po_c2 |title=French President visits America |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/11/politics/state-dinner/index.html?hpt=po_c2 |title=Politics with side of caviar: Obama welcomes Hollande at state dinner |publisher=CNN.com |date=12 February 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/francois-hollande/10629639/Francois-Hollande-arrives-in-United-States-No-more-freedom-fries-as-Obama-rolls-out-red-carpet.html|title=François Hollande arrives in United States: No more 'freedom fries' as Obama rolls out red carpet|date=10 February 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> On 27 February 2014, Hollande was a special guest of honor in Abuja, received by Nigerian President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] in celebration of Nigeria's amalgamation in 1914, a 100-year anniversary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.news24.com/nigeria/National/News/Security-issues-dominate-as-Frances-Hollande-visits-Nigeria-20140227-9 |title=Security issues dominate as France's Hollande visits Nigeria |work=M.news24.com |date=27 February 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref> In September 2015, Hollande warned former [[Eastern Bloc]] countries against rejecting the [[European migrant crisis#Relocation and resettlement of asylum seekers|EU mandatory migrant quotas]], saying: "Those who don't share our values, those who don't even want to respect those principles, need to start asking themselves questions about their place in the European Union".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/migrant-crisis-hungarian-pm-viktor-orban-proposes-eu-border-force-patrol-greek-frontier-1520934 |title=Migrant crisis: Hungarian PM Viktor Orban proposes EU border force to patrol Greek frontier |publisher=''[[International Business Times]]'' |date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
Hollande supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]],<ref>"[http://www.france24.com/en/20150412-france-fabius-support-saudi-campaign-yemen-houthis France voices support for Saudi campaign in Yemen]". France 24. 12 April 2015.</ref> re-supplying the Saudi military.<ref>"[http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-arms-idUSKCN10X1MM Arms sales to Saudi 'illicit' due to civilian deaths in Yemen: campaigners]". Reuters. 22 August 2016.</ref> | 2016-10-07T01:07:41Z | Hollande made a [[state visit]] to the United States in February 2014; a state dinner was given in his honor by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/11/politics/gallery/france-state-visit/index.html?hpt=po_c2 |title=French President visits America |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/11/politics/state-dinner/index.html?hpt=po_c2 |title=Politics with side of caviar: Obama welcomes Hollande at state dinner |publisher=CNN.com |date=12 February 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/francois-hollande/10629639/Francois-Hollande-arrives-in-United-States-No-more-freedom-fries-as-Obama-rolls-out-red-carpet.html|title=François Hollande arrives in United States: No more 'freedom fries' as Obama rolls out red carpet|date=10 February 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> On 27 February 2014, Hollande was a special guest of honor in Abuja, received by Nigerian President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] in celebration of Nigeria's amalgamation in 1914, a 100-year anniversary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.news24.com/nigeria/National/News/Security-issues-dominate-as-Frances-Hollande-visits-Nigeria-20140227-9 |title=Security issues dominate as France's Hollande visits Nigeria |work=M.news24.com |date=27 February 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref> In July 2014, Hollande expressed support for [[Israel]]'s right to defend itself during the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]] and told Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], "France strongly condemns these aggressions [by Hamas]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/182721 |title=France, Germany 'Strongly Condemn' Rockets on Israel |work=Israel national news |date=9 July 2014}}</ref>
In September 2015, Hollande warned former [[Eastern Bloc]] countries against rejecting the [[European migrant crisis#Relocation and resettlement of asylum seekers|EU mandatory migrant quotas]], saying: "Those who don't share our values, those who don't even want to respect those principles, need to start asking themselves questions about their place in the European Union".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/migrant-crisis-hungarian-pm-viktor-orban-proposes-eu-border-force-patrol-greek-frontier-1520934 |title=Migrant crisis: Hungarian PM Viktor Orban proposes EU border force to patrol Greek frontier |publisher=''[[International Business Times]]'' |date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
Hollande supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]],<ref>"[http://www.france24.com/en/20150412-france-fabius-support-saudi-campaign-yemen-houthis France voices support for Saudi campaign in Yemen]". France 24. 12 April 2015.</ref> re-supplying the Saudi military.<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20160823-arms-trade-france-yemen-saudi-arabia-att-treaty-human-rights Pressure mounts on Western powers to halt arms sales to Saudi Arabia]". France 24. 23 August 2016.</ref> France authorised $18 billion (€16 billion) in arms sales to [[Saudi Arabia]] in 2015.<ref>"[http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-arms-idUSKCN10X1MM Arms sales to Saudi 'illicit' due to civilian deaths in Yemen: campaigners]". Reuters. 22 August 2016.</ref> | 2016-10-11T16:48:51Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745538554 | The production is set in Cornwall, England about 1820, centered on a free house, 'Jamaica Inn' in Bodman Moor near modern Bolventor. | 2016-10-21T18:32:28Z | The production is set in Cornwall, England about 1820, centered on a free house, 'Jamaica Inn' in Bodman Moor near modern [[Bolventor]]. | 2016-10-21T18:33:11Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744558554 | | related = [[Hello Singapore]] (2014 - Present) <br> [[118 (TV series) |118 ]] (2014 - 2015)
| [[Brandon Wong (actor)| Brandon Wong]] <br> 黄炯耀 || Liu Dali <br> 刘大利 || Liu Dagong's younger brother <br> Liu Jizhou and Liu Yazhou's uncle ||
==Music ==
==See Also == | 2016-10-15T19:00:10Z | | related = [[Hello Singapore]] (2014 - Present) <br> [[118 (TV series)|118]] (2014 - 2015)
| [[Brandon Wong (actor)|Brandon Wong]] <br> 黄炯耀 || Liu Dali <br> 刘大利 || Liu Dagong's younger brother <br> Liu Jizhou and Liu Yazhou's uncle ||
==Music ==
==See also ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Uncategorized|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-16T01:12:25Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741830472 | In 2005, after some consideration concerning the separation of the Joint Functional Component Command (JFCC) for Space and Global Strike missions, according to AirForceTimes.com<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-1995790.php |title= |date= |publisher=}}</ref> and InsideDefense.com,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT |title= |date= |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901034509/http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT |archivedate=1 September 2005 }}</ref> General Cartwright began the process of separating the JFCC for Space and Global Strike into two individual JFCCs: a JFCC for Space ([[Joint Functional Component Command for Space|JFCC Space]]) and a JFCC for Global Strike and Integration ([[Joint Functional Component Command for Global Strike and Integration|JFCC GSI]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-1995790.php |title=Air Force Times |publisher=Air Force Times |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> U.S. Strategic Command officials were expected to deliver a detailed plan on the separation to General Cartwright for approval by September 2006.<ref>[http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT Inside Defense NewsStand: ''Inside Missile Defense'' 21 November 2007, Vol. 13, No. 24] {{wayback|url=http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT |date=20050901034509 |df=y }}</ref>{{Clarify|date=February 2009}}<!--was plan ever delivered? This needs updating. Trouble with calling something "current." Becomes ancient history awfully fast--> | 2016-09-21T16:13:41Z | In 2005, after some consideration concerning the separation of the Joint Functional Component Command (JFCC) for Space and Global Strike missions, according to AirForceTimes.com<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-1995790.php |title= |date= |publisher=}}</ref> and InsideDefense.com,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT|title=Inside Missile Defense|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901034509/http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT|archivedate=1 September 2005}}</ref> General Cartwright began the process of separating the JFCC for Space and Global Strike into two individual JFCCs: a JFCC for Space ([[Joint Functional Component Command for Space|JFCC Space]]) and a JFCC for Global Strike and Integration ([[Joint Functional Component Command for Global Strike and Integration|JFCC GSI]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-1995790.php |title=Air Force Times |publisher=Air Force Times |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> U.S. Strategic Command officials were expected to deliver a detailed plan on the separation to General Cartwright for approval by September 2006.<ref>[http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT Inside Defense NewsStand: ''Inside Missile Defense'' 21 November 2007, Vol. 13, No. 24] {{wayback|url=http://defense.iwpnewsstand.com/cs_newsletters.asp?NLN=MISSILE&ACTION=RECENT |date=20050901034509 |df=y }}</ref>{{Clarify|date=February 2009}}<!--was plan ever delivered? This needs updating. Trouble with calling something "current." Becomes ancient history awfully fast--> | 2016-09-29T22:51:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744877109 | The official story given by Lemmon to the police placed her in the living room with party guests at the time of the shooting, but statements from Fred Crane put Leonore Lemmon either inside or in direct proximity to Reeves' bedroom—minimally as a witness to the shooting.<ref>Speeding Bullet, 2nd Ed, by Jan Alan Henderson, page 151</ref> (Crane was Reeves' friend and colleague from ''Gone With The Wind''.) According to Crane, Bill Bliss had told Millicent Trent after the shot rang out, while Bliss was having a drink, that Leonore Lemmon came downstairs and said, “Tell them I was down here, tell them I was down here!” In an interview with Carl Glass, Crane expanded on this: "It needed to be said and that is the way I heard it from Millie as it was told to her by Bill Bliss. Janet Bliss and Millie were very close friends. I met Millie at Bill and Janet’s house up in Benedict Canyon on Easton Drive. We lived on the same street."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasshousepresents.com/Fred_Crane.htm|title=Glass House Presents|publisher=Glass House Presents|accessdate=2010-08-13}}</ref>
Reeves' death was officially ruled a suicide, based on witness statements, physical evidence at the scene, and the autopsy report.<ref>Los Angeles Police Department Death Report, June 26, 1959.</ref> Reeves's mother thought the ruling premature and peremptory, and retained attorney [[Jerry Giesler]] to petition for a reinvestigation of the case as a possible murder. The findings of a second autopsy, conducted at Giesler's request, were the same as the first, except for a series of bruises of unknown origin about the head and body. A month later, having uncovered no evidence contradicting the official finding, Giesler announced that he was satisfied that the gunshot wound had been self-inflicted, and withdrew.<ref>''Los Angeles Mirror-News'', June 24, 1959</ref><ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/who-killed-superman-the-sinister-true-story-behind-the-death-of/ Who Killed Superman?] ''The Telegraph'' (March 13, 2016), retrieved August 17, 2016.</ref>
Many people{{who|date=February 2016}} have refused to believe that Reeves would kill himself and have pointed out that no gunpowder was found on the actor's skin from the gun's discharge, leading them to believe that the weapon would therefore have been held several inches away from his head when it was fired. However, forensic professionals say that gunpowder tattooing is left only when the weapon is not in contact with the skin, while Reeves' skull fracture pattern shows that it was a contact wound.<ref name="DiMaioandDana">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VkXpNe9xLoC&pg=PA135|title=Handbook of Forensic Pathology|edition=2nd|last1=DiMaio, M.D.|first1=Vincent J.M.|last2=Dana, M.D.|first2=Suzanna E.|publisher=CRC Press|page=135|accessdate=2016-02-08<!--|isbn=084939287X-->|isbn=978-0-8493-9287-0|year=2006}}</ref>{{or-inline|date=April 2016}}<!-- Does the source mention Reeves? Or is this an original extrapolation made by a Wikipedian? ~Hijiri88, April 2016. --> Followers of the case also point to the absence of fingerprints on the gun and of gunshot-residue testing on the actor's hands as evidence in support of one theory or another. Police, however, found the gun too thickly coated in oil to hold fingerprints, and gunshot-residue testing was not commonly performed by the Los Angeles Police Department in 1959.<ref>[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1556/was-em-superman-em-star-george-reeves-a-suicide-or-murder-victim "Was Superman star George Reeves a suicide — or murder victim?"], StraightDope.com; accessed October 31, 2015.</ref> | 2016-10-17T19:56:53Z | The official story given by Lemmon to the police placed her in the living room with party guests at the time of the shooting, but hearsay statements from Reeves' friend and colleague from ''Gone With The Wind'' Fred Crane put Leonore Lemmon either inside or in direct proximity to Reeves' bedroom.<ref>Speeding Bullet, 2nd Ed, by Jan Alan Henderson, page 151</ref> According to Crane (who was not present), Bill Bliss had told Millicent Trent after the shot rang out, while Bliss was having a drink, that Leonore Lemmon came downstairs and said, “Tell them I was down here, tell them I was down here!”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasshousepresents.com/Fred_Crane.htm|title=Glass House Presents|publisher=Glass House Presents|accessdate=2010-08-13}}</ref>
A number of questionable physical findings were reported by investigators and others: No fingerprints were recovered from the gun, nor were the muzzle discharge burns typically associated with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. No gunpowder residue was found on Reeves' hands. (Some sources contend that it may not have been looked for, as gunshot residue testing was not routinely performed in 1959.<ref>[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1556/was-em-superman-em-star-george-reeves-a-suicide-or-murder-victim "Was Superman star George Reeves a suicide — or murder victim?"], StraightDope.com; accessed October 31, 2015.</ref>) The bullet that killed Reeves was recovered from the bedroom ceiling, and the spent shell casing was found under his body. While there was no sign of forced entry, two additional bullets were discovered embedded in the bedroom floor. All three bullets had been fired from the weapon found at his feet (though all witnesses agreed they heard only one gunshot).<ref name = "who"/> Despite the unanswered questions, Reeves' death was officially ruled a suicide, based on witness statements, physical evidence at the scene, and the autopsy report.<ref>Los Angeles Police Department Death Report, June 26, 1959.</ref>
Reeves's mother thought the ruling premature and peremptory, and retained attorney [[Jerry Giesler]] to petition for a reinvestigation of the case as a possible murder. The findings of a second autopsy, conducted at Giesler's request, were the same as the first, except for a series of bruises of unknown origin about the head and body. A month later, having uncovered no evidence contradicting the official finding, Giesler announced that he was satisfied that the gunshot wound had been self-inflicted, and withdrew.<ref>''Los Angeles Mirror-News'', June 24, 1959</ref><ref name = "who">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/who-killed-superman-the-sinister-true-story-behind-the-death-of/ Who Killed Superman?] ''The Telegraph'' (March 13, 2016), retrieved August 17, 2016.</ref> | 2016-10-18T00:09:45Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743780674 | Schweickart left NASA in 1977 to serve for two years as [[California Governor]] [[Jerry Brown]]'s assistant for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to [[California Energy Commission|California's Energy Commission]] for five and a half years, serving as [[chairman]] for three.<ref name="NASA-bio Rusty Schweickart">[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/schweickart-rl.html Biographical Data for Russell L. (Rusty) Schweickart], [[NASA]]. Accessed July 7, 2011.</ref> | 2016-10-11T06:34:58Z | Schweickart left NASA in 1977 to serve for two years as [[California Governor]] [[Jerry Brown]]'s assistant for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to [[California Energy Commission|California's Energy Commission]] for five and a half years, serving as [[chairman]] for three.<ref name="NASA-bio Rusty Schweickart">{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/schweickart-rl.html|title=Biographical Data for Russell L. (Rusty) Schweickart|website=NASA Johnson Space Center|access-date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> | 2016-10-11T06:39:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741372106 | |image_skyline = HighlandIN.jpg|thumb|center
|population_est = 23285
|pop_est_as_of = 2013
*[[Tom Homco]], former NFL player, Los Angeles Rams
* [http://www.highlandfd.com Highland Fire Department] | 2016-09-12T02:20:24Z | |image_skyline = HighlandIN.jpg
|population_est = 22936
|pop_est_as_of = 2015
* [[Tom Homco]], former NFL player, Los Angeles Rams
* [[Eric Justin Toth]], replaced [[Osama bin Laden]] on the [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]] list and had attended Southridge Elementary and Highland High schools before graduating from the [[Indiana Academy for Science, Mathematics, and Humanities|Indiana Academy for Science, Mathematics and Humanities]] in 2000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/lake/hammond/hammond-native-eric-toth-on-fbi-s-ten-most-wanted/article_84e5130a-4a0d-5382-a63a-cb8e1a6d71b4.html|title=Hammond native Eric Toth on FBI's 'Ten Most Wanted Fugitives' list|date=April 11, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]] |accessdate=2016-09-26}}</ref>
* [http://www.highland.in.gov/HighlandFireDepartment Highland Fire Department] | 2016-09-27T02:40:30Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744383119 | There were several recorded uprisings of Indians resisting Spanish rule, one of the earliest being the attack on the Mission San Diego de Alcala on November 4, 1775.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Tipai-Ipai]] organized nine villages into a force of around 800 people to destroy the mission and kill three of the Spanish, one of them being Padre [[Luis Jayme]]. However, not every uprising was violent. In September of 1795, over two hundred natives, including many old neophytes, simply deserted San Francisco all in different directions.<ref name=":1" /> When uprisings occurred, the natives did not go unpunished: some Indians were put to death but many were imprisoned and forced into hard labor. | 2016-10-12T13:23:06Z | There were several recorded uprisings of Indians resisting Spanish rule, one of the earliest being the attack on the Mission San Diego de Alcala on November 4, 1775.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Tipai-Ipai]] organized nine villages into a force of around 800 people to destroy the mission and kill three of the Spanish, one of them being Padre [[Luis Jayme]]. However, not every uprising was violent. In September 1795, over two hundred natives, including many old neophytes, simply deserted San Francisco all in different directions.<ref name=":1" /> When uprisings occurred, the natives did not go unpunished: some Indians were put to death but many were imprisoned and forced into hard labor. | 2016-10-14T21:20:17Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743708944 | | Conference= Big East Conference (1979–2013){{!}}Big East Conference | 2016-08-14T00:46:23Z | | Conference= Big East Conference
| conference_link= Big East Conference (1979–2013) | 2016-10-10T20:32:03Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745522636 | {{Infobox Individual Snooker Tournament
|tournament_name={{nowrap|[[Players Tour Championship 2012/2013|Players Tour Championship 2012/2013<br/>Event 1]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3866256129341.158547.1066660939&type=3|name=UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Qualifs Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3870023063512.158652.1066660939&type=3|name=UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Qualifs Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3874304210538.158742.1066660939&type=3|name=UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3878447434116.158817.1066660939&type=3|name=UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3882453334261.158918.1066660939&type=3|name=UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}} | 2014-09-21T14:26:46Z | {{Infobox individual snooker tournament
|tournament_name={{nowrap|[[Players Tour Championship 2012/2013|Players Tour Championship<br>2012/2013<br/>Event 1]]}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3866256129341.158547.1066660939&type=3 UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Qualifs Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3870023063512.158652.1066660939&type=3 UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Qualifs Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3874304210538.158742.1066660939&type=3 UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3878447434116.158817.1066660939&type=3 UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3882453334261.158918.1066660939&type=3 UK PTC 2012 Event 1: Main Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook | 2016-10-21T16:40:58Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742059659 | '''Teresa MacBain''' is a [[Methodist]] minister who came out as a [[nonbeliever]] in 2012, and returned to her faith in 2016.
===Leaving the ministry===
MacBain is no longer involved with the freethought movement, and has returned to her faith.<ref>{{cite web|last1=MacBain|first1=Teresa|title=Teresa MacBain Bio|url=http://teresamacbain.com/|website=Teresa MacBain|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> She currently lives in [[Alabama]] where she is working to create safe places for people who are struggling with questions and doubts about their faith.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cullman First United Methodist Church Community Groups|url=http://www.cullmanfumc.com/community-groups|website=Cullman First United Methodist Church|accessdate=22 September 2016}}</ref> MacBain said that her desire is to "open doors for honest conversation about faith, doubt, and non-belief."<ref>{{cite web|last1=MacBain|first1=Teresa|title=Teresa MacBain-|url=http://www.teresamacbain.com|website=Teresa MacBain|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-27T22:31:14Z | '''[http://www.teresamacbain.com Teresa MacBain]''' is a [[Methodist]] minister who came out as a [[nonbeliever]] in 2012, and returned to her faith in 2016.
===Leaving the Ministry===
MacBain is no longer involved with the freethought movement, and has returned to her faith.<ref>{{cite web|last1=MacBain|first1=Teresa|title=Teresa MacBain Bio|url=http://teresamacbain.com/|website=Teresa MacBain|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> She currently lives in [[Alabama]] where she is working to create safe places for people who are struggling with questions and doubts about their faith.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cullman First United Methodist Church Community Groups|url=http://www.cullmanfumc.com/community-groups|website=Cullman First United Methodist Church|accessdate=22 September 2016}}</ref> MacBain said that her desire is to "open doors for honest conversations about faith, doubt, and non-belief."<ref>{{cite web|last1=MacBain|first1=Teresa|title=Teresa MacBain-|url=http://www.teresamacbain.com|website=Teresa MacBain|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-01T12:44:48Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742301402 | == Unconventional Usage of Social Media ==
Social media has become an essential tool for communication. It's not becoming a tool that even scientists can utilize. | 2016-10-02T21:15:38Z | == Unconventional usage ==
Social media has become an essential tool for communication. It's becoming a tool that even scientists can utilize. | 2016-10-02T22:18:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743057718 | ==Results==
A CIA memorandum to CIA director [[Allen Dulles]] indicated that the documents seized “were of such topical nature and, in the main, of such low-level intelligence and propaganda interest, that they did not lend themselves to an impressive bound volume.”
Nevertheless, the group sifted through 500,000 documents and was able to salvage over 50,000 documents for the purpose of exploiting and illustrating communist activities within Guatemala. The documents were copied and microfilmed.{{sfn|Holland|2004|p=307}} The PBHistory analyzed the documents and then handed the originals over to the ''Comité'' in order to index and file them. Ronald M. Schneider, an extra-Agency researcher who later examined the PBHISTORY documents, found no traces of Soviet control, finding instead substantial evidence that Guatemalan Communists acted alone, without support or guidance from outside the country.
==Consequences== | 2016-10-07T14:45:21Z | ==Document exploitation==
A CIA memorandum to CIA director [[Allen Dulles]] indicated that the documents seized “were of such topical nature and, in the main, of such low-level intelligence and propaganda interest, that they did not lend themselves to an impressive bound volume.” The PBHistory analyzed the documents and then handed the originals over to the ''Comité'' in order to index and file them. Ronald M. Schneider, an extra-Agency researcher who later examined the PBHISTORY documents, found no traces of Soviet control, finding instead substantial evidence that Guatemalan Communists acted alone, without support or guidance from outside the country.
==Aftermath== | 2016-10-07T14:46:30Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741389876 | ''Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile'' is the official music [[soundtrack]] to ''8 Mile''. Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned the massive hit single "[[Lose Yourself]]". The album debuted at number one on the U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million, despite only two months of release. It also reached #1 on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian [[ARIAnet]] Albums Chart. It also spawned a follow up soundtrack, ''More Music from 8 Mile'', consisting of songs that appear in ''8 Mile'' that were current singles during the film's time setting of 1995. The album was also made in a clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content. | 2016-09-24T07:51:14Z | ''Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile'' is the official music [[soundtrack]] to ''8 Mile''. Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned Eminem's first number 1 US single<ref>"Eminem." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 27 Sep. 2016.</ref> "[[Lose Yourself]]". The album debuted at number one on the U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million, despite only two months of release. It also reached #1 on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian [[ARIAnet]] Albums Chart. It also spawned a follow up soundtrack, ''More Music from 8 Mile'', consisting of songs that appear in ''8 Mile'' that were current singles during the film's time setting of 1995. The album was also made in a clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content. | 2016-09-27T05:44:45Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741778153 | '''Scott Ordway''' (born 1984; [[Santa Cruz, CA]]) is an American composer, conductor, and scholar. In 2014, he joined the faculty at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] in Philadelphia.<ref>https://www.curtis.edu/faculty/faculty-bios-by-name/scott-ordway.html</ref> Previously, he was Visiting Assistant Professor of Music at [[Bates College]].<ref>https://www.bates.edu/news/2013/11/08/bates-college-orchestra-offers-world-premiere-of-symphony/</ref> | 2016-09-29T12:03:11Z | '''Scott Ordway''' (born 1984; [[Santa Cruz, CA]]) is an American composer and conductor. In 2014, he joined the faculty at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] in Philadelphia.<ref>https://www.curtis.edu/faculty/faculty-bios-by-name/scott-ordway.html</ref> Previously, he was Visiting Assistant Professor of Music at [[Bates College]].<ref>https://www.bates.edu/news/2013/11/08/bates-college-orchestra-offers-world-premiere-of-symphony/</ref> | 2016-09-29T16:23:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741924974 | First Norwich is a division of First Norfolk and Suffolk, which operates services within the city centre of [[Norwich]] and to towns and villages within approximately a 20-mile radius. Their fleet consists of [[Volvo B7TL]] and [[Dennis Trident 2]] double deck buses with [[Plaxton President]] bodies, [[Volvo B9TL]] double deckers with [[Wright Eclipse Gemini]] bodies, some new [[Wright StreetDeck]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstgroup.com/norfolk-suffolk/news-and-service-updates/news/%E2%80%98posh-pink%E2%80%99-new-colour-first-eastern-counties-brand|title=Press Release from First|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> [[Wrightbus Streetlite]]s, and [[Volvo B7L]] and [[Volvo B7RLE]] single deckers with [[Wright Eclipse]] bodywork.
Colour coded bus network | 2016-09-30T14:54:27Z | First Norwich operates services within the city centre of [[Norwich]] and to towns and villages within approximately a {{convert|20|mi|km}} radius. Their fleet consists of [[Volvo B7TL]] and [[Dennis Trident 2]] double deck buses with [[Plaxton President]] bodies, [[Volvo B9TL]] double deckers with [[Wright Eclipse Gemini]] bodies, some new [[Wright StreetDeck]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstgroup.com/norfolk-suffolk/news-and-service-updates/news/%E2%80%98posh-pink%E2%80%99-new-colour-first-eastern-counties-brand|title=Press Release from First|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> [[Wrightbus Streetlite]]s, and [[Volvo B7L]] and [[Volvo B7RLE]] single deckers with [[Wright Eclipse]] bodywork. | 2016-09-30T14:55:08Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743172047 | An early draft of this story – by C.E. Webber and entitled ''The Giants'' – was originally meant to be the first story of the first season.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor |year=1994 |publisher=[[Virgin Books|Doctor Who Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20430-1 |pages=178–9 |ref=harv }}</ref>
Planet of Giants was recorded in the production block it was decided to hold it for transmission as the start of season 2.<ref>[http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/j.html "Serial J: Planet Of Giants"] A Brief History of Time Travel 27 June 2012</ref>
This story was originally four episodes in length. Upon viewing Episodes 3 and 4, which focused more heavily on Hilda and Bert, Head of Serials [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] ordered them spliced together in order to form a faster-paced climax (Episode 3) focusing on the core characters of the series.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor |year=1994 |publisher=[[Virgin Books|Doctor Who Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20430-1 |pages=275 |ref=harv }}</ref> Episode 4 was called "The Urge to Live" and directed by [[Douglas Camfield]] (instead of [[Mervyn Pinfield]], who directed Episodes 1-3). When Episodes 3 and 4 were edited together to make the new Episode 3, only Camfield was credited. | 2016-09-29T15:52:52Z | An early version of this concept – by [[C. E. Webber]] and entitled ''The Giants'' – was originally meant to be the first story of the first season.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor |year=1994 |publisher=[[Virgin Books|Doctor Who Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20430-1 |pages=178–9 |ref=harv }}</ref> ''Planet of Giants'' was recorded in the production block it was decided to hold it for transmission as the start of season 2.<ref>[http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/j.html "Serial J: Planet Of Giants"] A Brief History of Time Travel 27 June 2012</ref> This story was originally four episodes in length. Upon viewing Episodes 3 and 4, which focused more heavily on Hilda and Bert, Head of Serials [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] ordered them spliced together in order to form a faster-paced climax (Episode 3) focusing on the core characters of the series.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Stammers |first2=Mark |last3=Walker |first3=Stephen James |authorlink3=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor |year=1994 |publisher=[[Virgin Books|Doctor Who Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20430-1 |pages=275 |ref=harv }}</ref> Episode 4 was called "The Urge to Live" and directed by [[Douglas Camfield]] (instead of [[Mervyn Pinfield]], who directed Episodes 1-3). When Episodes 3 and 4 were edited together to make the new Episode 3, only Camfield was credited. | 2016-10-08T08:30:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743875977 | Five men from this monastery later became [[bishop]]s<ref name=thurston>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07350a.htm Thurston, Herbert. "St. Hilda." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 7 May 2013]</ref> and two also join Hilda in being revered as [[saint]]s - [[John of Beverley]], Bishop of Hexham and [[Wilfrid II (bishop of York)|Wilfrid]], Bishop of York. They rendered untold service to the church at this critical period of the struggle with paganism. | 2016-09-23T06:10:27Z | Five men from this monastery later became [[bishop]]s<ref name=thurston>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07350a.htm Thurston, Herbert. "St. Hilda." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 7 May 2013]</ref>. Two, [[John of Beverley]], Bishop of Hexham and [[Wilfrid II (bishop of York)|Wilfrid]], Bishop of York, were [[Canonization|canonized]] for their service to the Christian church at a critical period in its fight against paganism. | 2016-10-11T19:44:04Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745107547 | '''Shaharsree''' ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]: শহরশ্রী) is a village in [[Mirzapur Union]] of [[Sreemangal]], [[Bangladesh]]. <ref>http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sreemangal_Upazila</ref> During the [[British Raj]] it was known as Pachawoon ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]: পাচাউন).{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-19T08:22:44Z | '''Shaharsree''' ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]: শহরশ্রী) is a village in [[Mirzapur Union]] of [[Sreemangal]], [[Bangladesh]].<ref>http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sreemangal_Upazila</ref> During the [[British Raj]] it was known as Pachawoon ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]: পাচাউন).{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-19T08:23:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743051893 | *7 September 1937<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Proclamation 2250: Enlarging the Statue of Liberty National Monument New York |title=Code of Federal Regulations: Title 3—The President 1936–1938 Compilation |publisher=National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration |date=1968 |chapter-url=//books.google.com/books?id=UxsuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120 |pages=120–121 | isbn = }}</ref>}}
| designation3_number = 1535<ref name=NJRHP>{{cite web | title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Hudson County | url= http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists.htm | publisher=[[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] - Historic Preservation Office | page= | date= | accessdate= August 2, 2014}}</ref>
'''Liberty Island''' is a federally owned island in [[Upper New York Bay]] in the United States, best known as the location of the [[Statue of Liberty]]. The island is an [[exclave]] of the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]], surrounded by the waters of [[Jersey City, New Jersey]]. Long known as '''Bedloe's Island''', it was renamed by an act of the [[United States Congress]] in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] it became part of the [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]] and in 1966,<ref name="Early History of Bedloe's Island">{{cite web |title= Early History of Bedloe's Island |work=Statue of Liberty Historical Handbook |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/11/hh11m.htm |accessdate=2010-08-19 }}</ref> was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as part of [[Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sutherland|first1=Cara A.|title=The Statue of Liberty|date=2003|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|location=New York|isbn=0760738904|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0760738904|accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref>
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the island has a land area of 59,558 square meters, or 14.717 [[acre]]s, which is the property of the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]]. Liberty Island is located in the [[Upper New York Bay]] surrounded by the waters of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]]. Liberty Island is [[List of smaller islands in New York City#Manhattan|one of the islands that are part]] of the [[Borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in New York.<ref>{{cite book | publisher = Hagstrom Map Company, Inc | isbn = 0-88097-763-9 | title = Hudson County New Jersey Street Map | year = 2008}}</ref><ref name="supreme.justia.com">{{cite court |litigants=New Jersey v. New York |vol=523 |reporter=U.S. |opinion=767 |pinpoint=page 779 |court= |date=26 May 1998 |url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/523/767/index.html |accessdate=2012-12-13 |quote= }}</ref><ref name="National Park Service"/> The historical developments which led to this construction created the rare situation of an exclave of one state, New York, being situated in another, New Jersey.
The island is operated by the National Park Service, and since [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]], guarded by around-the-clock patrols of the United States Park Police Marine Patrol Unit. Liberty Island is {{Convert|2000|ft|m}} east of [[Liberty State Park]] in Jersey City and is 1.58 statute miles (2.6 kilometers) southwest of [[Battery Park]] in Lower Manhattan. Public access is permitted only by ferries from either of the two parks, which serve the national monument, also stopping at [[Ellis Island]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferry System Map - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/ferry-system-map.htm |publisher =[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=2014-01-21}}</ref> [[Hornblower Cruises#Statue Cruises|Hornblower Cruises and Events]], operating under the name Statue Cruises, holds the exclusive concession for ferry service to and from the island.
At the time of European colonialization of the [[Hudson River]] [[estuary]] in the 17th century, much of the west side [[Upper New York Bay]] contained large tidal flats which hosted vast [[Oyster|oyster beds]], a major source of food for the [[Lenape]] people who lived there at the time. Several islands were not completely submerged at high tide. Three of them (later known as Liberty, [[Ellis Island|Ellis]], and [[Black Tom (island)|Black Tom]]) were given the name Oyster Islands (''oester eilanden'') by the settlers of [[New Netherland]], the first European colony in the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Mid-Atlantic]] states. The oyster beds would remain a major source of food for nearly three centuries.<ref>
{{cite book
|last=Kurlansky
|first=Mark
|authorlink= Mark Kurlansky
|coauthors=
|title=[[The Big Oyster]]
|publisher=Random House Trade paperbacks
|year=2006
|location=New York
|pages=
|isbn=978-0-345-47639-5
}}</ref>
[[Land reclamation|Landfilling]] after the start of the 20th century, particularly by [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] and [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]], eventually obliterated the beds, engulfed one island and brought the shoreline much closer to the others.
After the surrender of [[Fort Amsterdam]] by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] to the [[Great Britain|British]] in 1664, the English governor [[Richard Nicolls]] granted the island to Captain Robert Needham. It was sold to Isaac Bedloe on December 23, 1667. The island was retained by his estate until 1732 when it was sold for five shillings to New York merchants Adolphe Philipse and Henry Lane. During their ownership, the island was temporarily commandeered by the city of New York to establish a [[smallpox]] [[quarantine station]].<ref>
{{cite news
|title=Spell it with a "W" It should not be Bedloo's Island but "Bedlow's"
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|date=August 14, 1886
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60613FE3A5410738DDDAD0994D0405B8684F0D3
|format=pdf
|accessdate=2011-04-08
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|last=Harvey
|first=Cornelius Burnham
|title=Genealogical History Of Hudson And Bergen Counties New Jersey Early Settlers of Bergen County
|year=1900
|url=http://www.getnj.com/hudberg/hudberg6.shtml
|accessdate=2012-12-13
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Statue of Liberty and Bedlow's Island |location=New York |publisher=Regimental Press |url=http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/solnews/History%20of%20the%20Statue%20of%20Liberty%20ca.1910/HOTSOL%20c1910.htm |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204050906/http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/solnews/History%20of%20the%20Statue%20of%20Liberty%20ca.1910/HOTSOL%20c1910.htm |archivedate=February 4, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Lazaretto">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ushistory.org/laz/history/index.htm
|title=Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, PA: History
|accessdate=2010-02-01
|publisher=[[ushistory.org]]
}}</ref>
In 1746, [[Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis|Archibald Kennedy]] (later 11th Earl of Cassilis) purchased the island and a summer residence was established.
<ref name="National Park Service web site">{{cite web|title=Liberty Island - A Chronolgy|url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm|accessdate=2013-01-25}}</ref>
the dwelling-house and lighthouse being finely situated for a tavern, where all kinds of garden stuff, poultry, etc., may be easily raised for the shipping outward bound, and from where any quantity of pickled oysters may be transported ; it abounds with English rabbits."<ref name="Historic Buildings">
{{cite web
|url=https://archive.org/stream/historicbuildings00singiala/historicbuildings00singiala_djvu.txt
|format=txt
|title=Historic Buildings as seen and described by famous writers
|accessdate=2010-02-01
|publisher=[[archive.org]]
}}</ref>}}
By the time it was chosen for the Statue of Liberty, the base was disused and its walls were used as the distinctive base for the [[Statue of Liberty]] given by France for the 1886 centenary celebrations. It had become a part of the base for the Statue of Liberty after the island was first seen by the statue's sculptor. The National Park Service (which had been created in 1916) took over operations of the island in two stages: {{convert|2|acre|m2}} in 1933, and the remainder in 1937.<ref name="Early History of Bedloe's Island" /> The military installation was completely removed by 1944.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/forts/fortsT_Z/woodFort.htm
|title=Fort Wood
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Moreno
| first = Barry
| year = 2000
| title = The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia
| publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]]
| location = New York, N.Y.
| isbn = 978-0-7385-3689-7
| ref = harv
}}</ref>
''Liberty Enlightening the World'', a statue which became a [[National Monument (United States)|national monument]] known as the [[Statue of Liberty]], was a gift from the people of France to mark the [[American Centennial]]. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation.<ref>
{{cite news
|title=Liberty's Statue Full Programme of the Inaugural Ceremonies
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9805E6D81E3EEF33A25753C1A9669D94679FD7CF
|format=pdf
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|date=10 October 1886
|accessdate=2009-12-22
}}</ref>
The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate ''Isère'',<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://library.blogs.delaware.gov/2009/10/20/statue_of_liberty/
|title=Delaware Division of Libraries Blog
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}</ref> was stored for eleven months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by [[Grover Cleveland|President Grover Cleveland]]. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=127:3:3634273965821751::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:877748%2CLiberty%20Island
|title=USGS:LI
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}{{dead link |date=July 2012}}</ref>
An unusual clause in the 1664 colonial land grant that outlined the territory the proprietors of [[New Jersey]] would receive reads: "westward of Long Island, and Manhitas Island and bounded on the east part by the main sea, and part by Hudson's river"<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/nj01.asp
|title=The Duke of York's Release to John Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, 24 June 1664
|work=[[Avalon Project|The Avalon Project]] Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy
|publisher=[[Yale Law School]] [[Lillian Goldman Law Library]]
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}</ref> rather than at the river's midpoint, as was common in other colonial charters.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Rieff
|first=Henry
|title=Intrepretations of New York-New Jersey Agreements 1834 and 1921
|journal=Newark Law Review
|volume=1
|issue=2
|url=http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/journals/docs/journal.nwk.1.29.pdf
|format=pdf
}}</ref>
When the [[Province of New Jersey]] was separated from the [[Province of New York]] in 1674 it was argued that [[Staten Island]] belonged to the former. Then governor [[Edmund Andros]] directed that all islands in the bay that could be circumnavigated within 24 hours were part of New York. [[Christopher Billopp (Royal Navy officer)|Captain Christopher Billopp]] sailed around it within the allotted time<ref>
{{cite journal
|url=http://www.mitchellmoss.com/articles/nynj.html
|title=New York vs. New Jersey: A New Perspective
|journal=Portfolio
|date=Summer 1988
|volume=1
|number=2
|publisher=The Port Authority of NY and NJ
|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20120222170055/http://www.mitchellmoss.com/articles/nynj.html
|archivedate=2012-02-22
}}</ref> and was soon thereafter granted a manor at its [[Tottenville, Staten Island|southern tip]].<ref>
{{cite book
|title=English Crown Grants
|first=S.L.
|last=Mershon
|location=New York
|publisher=The Law and History Club
|year=1918
}}</ref> The border came to be understood as being along the shore of the [[Hudson River]], the [[Upper New York Bay]], the [[Kill Van Kull]], and [[Arthur Kill]].
In 1824 the City of New York attempted to assert a jurisdictional monopoly over the growing [[steam]] ferry service in New York Harbor in ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]''. It was deemed by the court that interstate transport would be regulated by the federal government. This did not resolve the border issue. In 1830, [[New Jersey]] planned to bring suit,<ref name="nyt-1998-05-27">
{{cite news
|last=Greenhouse
|first=Linda
|title=The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|date=27 May 1998
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/27/nyregion/ellis-island-verdict-ruling-high-court-gives-new-jersey-most-ellis-island.html
}}</ref> but the matter was resolved with a compact between the states ratified by [[United States Congress|US Congress]] in 1834 which set the boundary line between them as the midpoint of the shared [[waterways]].<ref name="National Park Service">{{cite web |title=Statue of Liberty National Monument - Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=2010-02-01}}</ref><ref>[[s:Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 4.djvu/755|United States Statues at Large: Volume 4]]</ref> This was later confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] in a 1908 case which also expounded on the compact.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/209/473/case.html
|title=Central R. Co. of New Jersey v. Jersey City, 209 U.S. 473 (1908)
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}</ref>
In 1987, [[US Representative]] [[Frank J. Guarini]] and [[Gerald McCann]], then [[mayor of Jersey City]], sued New York City, contending that New Jersey should have dominion over Liberty Island because it is on the New Jersey side of the state line.<ref>
{{cite news
|title=New Jerseyans' Claim To Liberty Island Rejected
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DE1E3FF935A35753C1A961948260
|agency=[[Associated Press]]
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|date=6 October 1987
|accessdate=2010-01-27
}}</ref> By default, since the court chose not to hear the case, the existing legal status was unchanged. Portions of the island that are above water are part of [[New York (state)|New York]], while [[riparian rights]] to all of the submerged land surrounding the statue belong to [[New Jersey]]. The southwestern section, {{convert|4.17|acre|ha}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Liberty a Jersey Girl |website=New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors |date=February 4, 2014 |url=http://www.njspls.org/?130 |accessdate=}}</ref> of the island was created by [[land reclamation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Fill of the Jersey City Quadrangle: Historic Fill Map HFM-53 |website=New Jersey State Department of Environmental Protection |date=2004 |url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/geodata/historicfill/jersey.pdf |format=pdf |accessdate=2014-08-31}}</ref>
A 1997 [[United States Supreme Court]] [[New Jersey v. New York|decision]] involved such riparian rights around nearby [[Ellis Island]]. Being mostly constructed of [[Land reclamation|artificial infill]], New Jersey argued and the court agreed that the 1834 compact covered only the natural parts of the island, and not the portions added by infill. Thus it was agreed that the parts of the island made of filled land belonged to New Jersey while the original natural part belonged to New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/elis/planyourvisit/maps.htm |title=National Park Service map showing portions of the island belonging to New York and New Jersey |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223020823/http://www.nps.gov/elis/planyourvisit/maps.htm |archivedate=February 23, 2010 }}</ref> This proved impractical to administer and New Jersey and New York subsequently agreed to share jurisdiction of the entire island.<ref name="supreme.justia.com" /><ref name="nyt-1998-05-27" /> This special situation only applies to Ellis Island and part of [[Shooters Island]].
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/
|title=Statue of Liberty National Monument
|date=13 December 2007
|publisher=[[National Park Service]]
|accessdate=2008-07-24
}}</ref> Question 127 on a naturalization examination piloted in 2006 asks "Where is the Statue of Liberty?" The U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services gives "New York Harbor" and "Liberty Island" as preferred answers, but notes that "New Jersey," "New York," "New York City," and "on the Hudson" are acceptable.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=dcf5e1df53b2f010VgnVCM1000000ecd190aRCRD
|title=Questions and Answers for New Pilot Naturalization Exam
|accessdate=2006-12-01
|date=30 November 2006
|publisher=U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
}}{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>
Though it is uninhabited, the [[United States Geological Survey]] includes it as part of [[New York's 8th congressional district]].<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-show_geoid=Y&-tree_id=4001&-_showChild=Y&-context=dt&-errMsg=&-all_geo_types=N&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-redoLog=false&-transpose=N&-search_map_config=|b=50|l=en|t=4001|zf=0.0|ms=sel_00dec|dw=0.021322492709908183|dh=0.012115860287740017|dt=gov.census.aff.domain.map.EnglishMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-74.03690863547648|cy=40.6940066243844|zl=2|pz=2|bo=318:317:316:314:313:323:319|bl=362:393:358:357:356:355:354|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=381:403:204:380:369:379:368|g=04000US36&-PANEL_ID=p_dt_geo_map&-_lang=en&-geo_id=15000US360610001009&-CONTEXT=dt&-format=&-search_results=100$10000US360610001009000&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U Liberty Island: Block Group 9, Census Tract 1, New York County, United States Census Bureau]{{failed verification|date=July 2012}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5QVzNQqxj Archived copy] at [[WebCite]] (July 22, 2007).</ref> Both New York City and [[Jersey City]] have assigned the island lot numbers. Utility services, including electricity, water, and sewage, to Liberty and Ellis Islands are provided from the New Jersey side. Mail is delivered from [[Battery Park]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hudsonlights.com/liberty.htm
|title=Statue of Liberty Lighthouse
|accessdate=2012-07-29
}}</ref> | 2016-09-09T23:31:40Z | *7 September 1937<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Proclamation 2250: Enlarging the Statue of Liberty National Monument New York |title=Code of Federal Regulations: Title 3—The President 1936–1938 Compilation |publisher=National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration |date=1968 |chapter-url=//books.google.com/books?id=UxsuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120 |pages=120–121 |isbn=}}</ref>}}
| designation3_number = 1535<ref name=NJRHP>{{cite web |title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Hudson County |url=http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists.htm |publisher=[[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] - Historic Preservation Office |page= |date= |accessdate=August 2, 2014}}</ref>
'''Liberty Island''' is a federally owned island in [[Upper New York Bay]] in the United States, best known as the location of the [[Statue of Liberty]]. The island is an [[exclave]] of the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]], surrounded by the waters of [[Jersey City, New Jersey]]. Long known as '''Bedloe's Island''', it was renamed by an act of the [[United States Congress]] in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] it became part of the [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]] and in 1966,<ref name="Early History of Bedloe's Island">{{cite web |title=Early History of Bedloe's Island |work=Statue of Liberty Historical Handbook |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/11/hh11m.htm |accessdate=2010-08-19}}</ref> was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as part of [[Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sutherland |first1=Cara A. |title=The Statue of Liberty |date=2003 |publisher=Barnes & Noble Books |location=New York |isbn=0760738904 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0760738904 |accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref>
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the island has a land area of 59,558 square meters, or 14.717 [[acre]]s, which is the property of the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]]. Liberty Island is located in the [[Upper New York Bay]] surrounded by the waters of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]]. Liberty Island is [[List of smaller islands in New York City#Manhattan|one of the islands that are part]] of the [[Borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in New York.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Hagstrom Map Company, Inc |isbn=0-88097-763-9 |title=Hudson County New Jersey Street Map |year=2008}}</ref><ref name="supreme.justia.com">{{cite court |litigants=New Jersey v. New York |vol=523 |reporter=U.S. |opinion=767 |pinpoint=page 779 |court= |date=26 May 1998 |url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/523/767/index.html |accessdate=2012-12-13 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="National Park Service"/> The historical developments which led to this construction created the rare situation of an exclave of one state, New York, being situated in another, New Jersey.
The island is operated by the National Park Service, and since [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]], guarded by around-the-clock patrols of the United States Park Police Marine Patrol Unit. Liberty Island is {{Convert|2000|ft|m}} east of [[Liberty State Park]] in Jersey City and is 1.58 statute miles (2.6 kilometers) southwest of [[Battery Park]] in Lower Manhattan. Public access is permitted only by ferries from either of the two parks, which serve the national monument, also stopping at [[Ellis Island]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferry System Map - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) |url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/ferry-system-map.htm |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=2014-01-21}}</ref> [[Hornblower Cruises#Statue Cruises|Hornblower Cruises and Events]], operating under the name Statue Cruises, holds the exclusive concession for ferry service to and from the island.
At the time of European colonialization of the [[Hudson River]] [[estuary]] in the 17th century, much of the west side [[Upper New York Bay]] contained large tidal flats which hosted vast [[Oyster|oyster beds]], a major source of food for the [[Lenape]] people who lived there at the time. Several islands were not completely submerged at high tide. Three of them (later known as Liberty, [[Ellis Island|Ellis]], and [[Black Tom (island)|Black Tom]]) were given the name Oyster Islands (''oester eilanden'') by the settlers of [[New Netherland]], the first European colony in the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Mid-Atlantic]] states. The oyster beds would remain a major source of food for nearly three centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kurlansky |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Kurlansky |coauthors= |title=[[The Big Oyster]] |publisher=Random House Trade paperbacks |year=2006 |location=New York |pages= |isbn=978-0-345-47639-5}}</ref> [[Land reclamation|Landfilling]] after the start of the 20th century, particularly by [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] and [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]], eventually obliterated the beds, engulfed one island and brought the shoreline much closer to the others.
After the surrender of [[Fort Amsterdam]] by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] to the [[Great Britain|British]] in 1664, the English governor [[Richard Nicolls]] granted the island to Captain Robert Needham. It was sold to Isaac Bedloe on December 23, 1667. The island was retained by his estate until 1732 when it was sold for five shillings to New York merchants Adolphe Philipse and Henry Lane. During their ownership, the island was temporarily commandeered by the city of New York to establish a [[smallpox]] [[quarantine station]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Spell it with a "W" It should not be Bedloo's Island but "Bedlow's" |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 14, 1886 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60613FE3A5410738DDDAD0994D0405B8684F0D3 |format=pdf |accessdate=2011-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Harvey |first=Cornelius Burnham |title=Genealogical History Of Hudson And Bergen Counties New Jersey Early Settlers of Bergen County |year=1900 |url=http://www.getnj.com/hudberg/hudberg6.shtml |accessdate=2012-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Statue of Liberty and Bedlow's Island |location=New York |publisher=Regimental Press |url=http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/solnews/History%20of%20the%20Statue%20of%20Liberty%20ca.1910/HOTSOL%20c1910.htm |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204050906/http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/solnews/History%20of%20the%20Statue%20of%20Liberty%20ca.1910/HOTSOL%20c1910.htm |archivedate=February 4, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Lazaretto">{{cite web |url=http://www.ushistory.org/laz/history/index.htm |title=Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, PA: History |accessdate=2010-02-01 |publisher=[[ushistory.org]]}}</ref>
In 1746, [[Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis|Archibald Kennedy]] (later 11th Earl of Cassilis) purchased the island and a summer residence was established.<ref name="National Park Service web site">{{cite web |title=Liberty Island - A Chronolgy |url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm |accessdate=2013-01-25}}</ref>
the dwelling-house and lighthouse being finely situated for a tavern, where all kinds of garden stuff, poultry, etc., may be easily raised for the shipping outward bound, and from where any quantity of pickled oysters may be transported ; it abounds with English rabbits."<ref name="Historic Buildings">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/historicbuildings00singiala/historicbuildings00singiala_djvu.txt |format=txt |title=Historic Buildings as seen and described by famous writers |accessdate=2010-02-01 |publisher=[[archive.org]]}}</ref>}}
By the time it was chosen for the Statue of Liberty, the base was disused and its walls were used as the distinctive base for the [[Statue of Liberty]] given by France for the 1886 centenary celebrations. It had become a part of the base for the Statue of Liberty after the island was first seen by the statue's sculptor. The National Park Service (which had been created in 1916) took over operations of the island in two stages: {{convert|2|acre|m2}} in 1933, and the remainder in 1937.<ref name="Early History of Bedloe's Island" /> The military installation was completely removed by 1944.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/forts/fortsT_Z/woodFort.htm |title=Fort Wood |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Moreno |first=Barry |year=2000 |title=The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-7385-3689-7 |ref=harv}}</ref>
''Liberty Enlightening the World'', a statue which became a [[National Monument (United States)|national monument]] known as the [[Statue of Liberty]], was a gift from the people of France to mark the [[American Centennial]]. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liberty's Statue Full Programme of the Inaugural Ceremonies |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9805E6D81E3EEF33A25753C1A9669D94679FD7CF |format=pdf |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 October 1886 |accessdate=2009-12-22}}</ref>
The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate ''Isère'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.blogs.delaware.gov/2009/10/20/statue_of_liberty/ |title=Delaware Division of Libraries Blog |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref> was stored for eleven months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by [[Grover Cleveland|President Grover Cleveland]]. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=127:3:3634273965821751::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:877748%2CLiberty%20Island |title=USGS:LI |accessdate=2012-07-29}}{{dead link |date=July 2012}}</ref>
===Museum===
On October 7, 2016, construction started on a new Statue of Liberty museum on Liberty Island. The new $70 million, {{Convert|26,000|ft2|m2|sing=on}} museum will be able to accommodate all of the island's visitors when it opens in 2019, as opposed to the current museum, which only 20% of the island's visitors can visit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/statue-liberty-new-70m-museum-set-open-2019-article-1.2820741|title=Statue of Liberty getting new $70M museum set to open in 2019|last=Durkin|first=Erin|date=October 6, 2016|work=|newspaper=NY Daily News|access-date=2016-10-07|via=}}</ref> The original torch will be relocated here, and in addition to exhibits relating to the statue's construction and history, there will be a theater where visitors can watch an aerial view of the statue.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20161006/financial-district/statue-of-liberty-museum-designs|title=See Designs for the New Statue of Liberty Museum|last=Plagianos|first=Irene|date=2016-10-06|website=DNAinfo New York|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref> The museum, designed by [[Bruce Fowle|FXFOWLE Architects]], will integrate with the parkland around it.<ref name=":1" /> It is being funded privately by [[Diane von Fürstenberg]], [[Michael Bloomberg]], [[Jeff Bezos]], [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]], [[NBCUniversal]], the family of [[Laurence Tisch]] and [[Preston Robert Tisch]], and [[Mellody Hobson]] and [[George Lucas]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/news/statue-of-liberty-museum-to-open-on-liberty-island-in-2019-1.12416472|title=Statue of Liberty Museum to open in 2019|last=Pereira|first=Ivan|date=October 6, 2016|work=|newspaper=am New York|access-date=2016-10-07|via=}}</ref> Von Fürstenberg heads the fundraising for the museum, and the project had garnered more than $40 million in fundraising as of groundbreaking.<ref name=":1" />
An unusual clause in the 1664 colonial land grant that outlined the territory the proprietors of [[New Jersey]] would receive reads: "westward of Long Island, and Manhitas Island and bounded on the east part by the main sea, and part by Hudson's river"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/nj01.asp |title=The Duke of York's Release to John Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, 24 June 1664 |work=[[Avalon Project|The Avalon Project]] Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy |publisher=[[Yale Law School]] [[Lillian Goldman Law Library]] |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref> rather than at the river's midpoint, as was common in other colonial charters.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rieff |first=Henry |title=Intrepretations of New York-New Jersey Agreements 1834 and 1921 |journal=Newark Law Review |volume=1 |issue=2 |url=http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/journals/docs/journal.nwk.1.29.pdf |format=pdf}}</ref>
When the [[Province of New Jersey]] was separated from the [[Province of New York]] in 1674 it was argued that [[Staten Island]] belonged to the former. Then governor [[Edmund Andros]] directed that all islands in the bay that could be circumnavigated within 24 hours were part of New York. [[Christopher Billopp (Royal Navy officer)|Captain Christopher Billopp]] sailed around it within the allotted time<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.mitchellmoss.com/articles/nynj.html |title=New York vs. New Jersey: A New Perspective |journal=Portfolio |date=Summer 1988 |volume=1 |number=2 |publisher=The Port Authority of NY and NJ |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20120222170055/http://www.mitchellmoss.com/articles/nynj.html |archivedate=2012-02-22}}</ref> and was soon thereafter granted a manor at its [[Tottenville, Staten Island|southern tip]].<ref>{{cite book |title=English Crown Grants |first=S.L. |last=Mershon |location=New York |publisher=The Law and History Club |year=1918}}</ref> The border came to be understood as being along the shore of the [[Hudson River]], the [[Upper New York Bay]], the [[Kill Van Kull]], and [[Arthur Kill]].
In 1824 the City of New York attempted to assert a jurisdictional monopoly over the growing [[steam]] ferry service in New York Harbor in ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]''. It was deemed by the court that interstate transport would be regulated by the federal government. This did not resolve the border issue. In 1830, [[New Jersey]] planned to bring suit,<ref name="nyt-1998-05-27">{{cite news |last=Greenhouse |first=Linda |title=The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 May 1998 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/27/nyregion/ellis-island-verdict-ruling-high-court-gives-new-jersey-most-ellis-island.html}}</ref> but the matter was resolved with a compact between the states ratified by [[United States Congress|US Congress]] in 1834 which set the boundary line between them as the midpoint of the shared [[waterways]].<ref name="National Park Service">{{cite web |title=Statue of Liberty National Monument - Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=2010-02-01}}</ref><ref>[[s:Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 4.djvu/755|United States Statues at Large: Volume 4]]</ref> This was later confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] in a 1908 case which also expounded on the compact.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/209/473/case.html |title=Central R. Co. of New Jersey v. Jersey City, 209 U.S. 473 (1908) |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref>
In 1987, [[US Representative]] [[Frank J. Guarini]] and [[Gerald McCann]], then [[mayor of Jersey City]], sued New York City, contending that New Jersey should have dominion over Liberty Island because it is on the New Jersey side of the state line.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Jerseyans' Claim To Liberty Island Rejected |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DE1E3FF935A35753C1A961948260 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 October 1987 |accessdate=2010-01-27}}</ref> By default, since the court chose not to hear the case, the existing legal status was unchanged. Portions of the island that are above water are part of [[New York (state)|New York]], while [[riparian rights]] to all of the submerged land surrounding the statue belong to [[New Jersey]]. The southwestern section, {{convert|4.17|acre|ha}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Liberty a Jersey Girl |website=New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors |date=February 4, 2014 |url=http://www.njspls.org/?130 |accessdate=}}</ref> of the island was created by [[land reclamation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Fill of the Jersey City Quadrangle: Historic Fill Map HFM-53 |website=New Jersey State Department of Environmental Protection |date=2004 |url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/geodata/historicfill/jersey.pdf |format=pdf |accessdate=2014-08-31}}</ref>
A 1997 [[United States Supreme Court]] [[New Jersey v. New York|decision]] involved such riparian rights around nearby [[Ellis Island]]. Being mostly constructed of [[Land reclamation|artificial infill]], New Jersey argued and the court agreed that the 1834 compact covered only the natural parts of the island, and not the portions added by infill. Thus it was agreed that the parts of the island made of filled land belonged to New Jersey while the original natural part belonged to New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/elis/planyourvisit/maps.htm |title=National Park Service map showing portions of the island belonging to New York and New Jersey |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223020823/http://www.nps.gov/elis/planyourvisit/maps.htm |archivedate=February 23, 2010}}</ref> This proved impractical to administer and New Jersey and New York subsequently agreed to share jurisdiction of the entire island.<ref name="supreme.justia.com" /><ref name="nyt-1998-05-27" /> This special situation only applies to Ellis Island and part of [[Shooters Island]].
{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/stli/ |title=Statue of Liberty National Monument |date=13 December 2007 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=2008-07-24}}</ref> Question 127 on a naturalization examination piloted in 2006 asks "Where is the Statue of Liberty?" The U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services gives "New York Harbor" and "Liberty Island" as preferred answers, but notes that "New Jersey," "New York," "New York City," and "on the Hudson" are acceptable.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=dcf5e1df53b2f010VgnVCM1000000ecd190aRCRD |title=Questions and Answers for New Pilot Naturalization Exam |accessdate=2006-12-01 |date=30 November 2006 |publisher=U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services}}{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>
Though it is uninhabited, the [[United States Geological Survey]] includes it as part of [[New York's 8th congressional district]].<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-show_geoid=Y&-tree_id=4001&-_showChild=Y&-context=dt&-errMsg=&-all_geo_types=N&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-redoLog=false&-transpose=N&-search_map_config=|b=50|l=en|t=4001|zf=0.0|ms=sel_00dec|dw=0.021322492709908183|dh=0.012115860287740017|dt=gov.census.aff.domain.map.EnglishMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-74.03690863547648|cy=40.6940066243844|zl=2|pz=2|bo=318:317:316:314:313:323:319|bl=362:393:358:357:356:355:354|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=381:403:204:380:369:379:368|g=04000US36&-PANEL_ID=p_dt_geo_map&-_lang=en&-geo_id=15000US360610001009&-CONTEXT=dt&-format=&-search_results=100$10000US360610001009000&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U Liberty Island: Block Group 9, Census Tract 1, New York County, United States Census Bureau]{{failed verification|date=July 2012}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5QVzNQqxj Archived copy] at [[WebCite]] (July 22, 2007).</ref> Both New York City and [[Jersey City]] have assigned the island lot numbers. Utility services, including electricity, water, and sewage, to Liberty and Ellis Islands are provided from the New Jersey side. Mail is delivered from [[Battery Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hudsonlights.com/liberty.htm |title=Statue of Liberty Lighthouse |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref> | 2016-10-07T13:58:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742767855 | | Champion = Poinsettia Bowl Champions
|BowlTourney = [[2015 Poinsettia Bowl|Poinsettia Bowl]] vs. [[2015 Northern Illinois Huskies football team|Northern Illinois]]
|BowlTourneyResult = W 55–7 | 2016-08-04T18:10:10Z | | Champion = Poinsettia Bowl champion
| BowlTourney = [[2015 Poinsettia Bowl|Poinsettia Bowl]]
| BowlTourneyResult = W 55–7 vs. [[2015 Northern Illinois Huskies football team|Northern Illinois]] | 2016-10-05T17:38:46Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741844499 | | birth_place = [[Castlebar]], Ireland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayonews.ie/news/28354-olympic-dream-over-for-castlebar-s-quinn|title=Olympic dream over for Castlebar’s Quinn|first=The Mayo|last=News|publisher=|accessdate=16 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-18T08:49:30Z | | birth_place = [[Castlebar]], Ireland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayonews.ie/news/28354-olympic-dream-over-for-castlebar-s-quinn|title=Olympic dream over for Castlebar’s Quinn|work=The Mayo News|accessdate=16 September 2016}}</ref>
| 2016-09-30T00:56:33Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741375776 | |religion=[[Churches of Christ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.acu.edu/acutoday/|title=ACU Today - The alumni magazine of Abilene Christian University|work=acu.edu|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref>
He graduated from [[Cordova High School (Rancho Cordova, California)|Cordova High School]] in [[Rancho Cordova, California|Rancho Cordova]], [[California]], in 1977<ref>[http://www.cordovaalumni.com/news/lester.html "It's back to school for 'Today' host"], May 2004.</ref> and attended [[California State University, Sacramento]], and majored in government, though he never graduated.<ref>"Sacramento Bee", Feb 11, 2015>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article9726503.html|title=The Sacramento Bee: Cordova High’s Lester Holt fills in for NBC anchor Brian Williams during suspension|date=February 11, 2015|first=Bill|last=Lindelof|publisher=''The Sacramento Bee''|accessdate=February 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/about/lester-holt-co-anchor-todays-weekend-editions-6C10109542|title=Lester Holt|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=2009-03-25}}</ref> In 2012, Holt told ''American Profile'' news magazine: "My first on-air job was actually as a disc jockey at a Country and Western station. The only time I could land a full-time gig was if I was willing to report the news." Holt would keep the job with the radio station through his college years.<ref>"Ask American Profile", ''American Profile'' magazine, February 5, 2012.</ref> | 2016-09-27T02:36:04Z | |religion=[[Judaism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.acu.edu/acutoday/|title=ACU Today - The alumni magazine of Abilene Christian University|work=acu.edu|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref>
He graduated from [[Cordova High School (Rancho Cordova, California)|Cordova High School]] in [[Rancho Cordova, California|Rancho Cordova]], [[California]], in 1977<ref>[http://www.cordovaalumni.com/news/lester.html "It's back to school for 'Today' host"], May 2004.</ref> and attended [[California State University, Sacramento]], and majored in government, though he never graduated.<ref>"Sacramento Bee", Feb 11, 2015>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article9726503.html|title=The Sacramento Bee: Cordova High’s Lester Holt fills in for NBC anchor Brian Williams during suspension|date=February 11, 2015|first=Bill|last=((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Lindelof))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))|publisher=''The Sacramento Bee''|accessdate=February 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/about/lester-holt-co-anchor-todays-weekend-editions-6C10109542|title=Lester Holt|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=2009-03-25}}</ref> In 2012, Holt told ''American Profile'' news magazine: "My first on-air job was actually as a disc jockey at a Country and Western station. The only time I could land a full-time gig was if I was willing to report the news." Holt would keep the job with the radio station through his college years.<ref>"Ask American Profile", ''American Profile'' magazine, February 5, 2012.</ref> | 2016-09-27T03:19:31Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744356970 | Paul I was murdered in his palace in Saint Petersburg in 1801. Alexander I succeeded him on the throne and later died without leaving a son. His brother, crowned [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]], succeeded him on the throne.<ref name="gotha"/> The succession was far from smooth, however, as hundreds of troops took the oath of allegiance to Nicholas's elder brother, [[Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia|Constantine Pavlovich]] who, unbenknownst to them, had renounced his claim to the throne in 1822, following his marriage. The confusion, combined with opposition to Nicholas' accession, led to the [[Decembrist revolt]].<ref name="burkeI"/> Nicholas I fathered four sons, educating them for the prospect of ruling Russia and for military careers, from whom the last branches of the dynasty descended. | 2016-10-05T05:39:25Z | Paul I was murdered in his palace in Saint Petersburg in 1801. Alexander I succeeded him on the throne and later died without leaving a son. His brother, crowned [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]], succeeded him on the throne.<ref name="gotha"/> The succession was far from smooth, however, as hundreds of troops took the oath of allegiance to Nicholas's elder brother, [[Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia|Constantine Pavlovich]] who, unbeknownst to them, had renounced his claim to the throne in 1822, following his marriage. The confusion, combined with opposition to Nicholas' accession, led to the [[Decembrist revolt]].<ref name="burkeI"/> Nicholas I fathered four sons, educating them for the prospect of ruling Russia and for military careers, from whom the last branches of the dynasty descended. | 2016-10-14T18:15:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746036013 | === During the Syrian Civil War and Rojava Revolution ===
The second half of of 2012, most of the region was captured from the Syrian Regime by opposition groups, including the [[People's Protection Units]] (YPG).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/map/campaign-northern-syria-november-2012|title=The Campaign in Northern Syria, November 2012|date=9 November 2012|work=ISW|accessdate=2016-10-24}}</ref> In January 2014 the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL), who had been infiltrating the region over the course of the previous year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/13562/rural-northern-syria|title=The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham Expands Into Rural Northern Syria|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=18 July 2013|accessdate=2016-10-24}}</ref> launched a massive assault, which eventually captured almost the entire Shahba region including [[Manbij]], [[Jarabulus]] and [[Al-Bab]], up to [[Dabiq, Syria|Dabiq]]. | 2016-10-24T22:18:47Z | === During the Syrian Civil War and Rojava conflict ===
The second half of of 2012, most of the region was captured from the Syrian government by opposition groups, including the [[People's Protection Units]] (YPG).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/map/campaign-northern-syria-november-2012|title=The Campaign in Northern Syria, November 2012|date=9 November 2012|work=ISW|accessdate=2016-10-24}}</ref> In January 2014 the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL), who had been infiltrating the region over the course of the previous year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/13562/rural-northern-syria|title=The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham Expands Into Rural Northern Syria|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=18 July 2013|accessdate=2016-10-24}}</ref> launched a massive assault, which eventually captured almost the entire Shahba region including [[Manbij]], [[Jarabulus]] and [[Al-Bab]], up to [[Dabiq, Syria|Dabiq]]. | 2016-10-24T22:21:47Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744877990 | '''Tourette syndrome''' ('''TS''' or simply '''Tourette's'''), is a common [[Neuropsychiatry|neuropsychiatric]] disorder with onset in childhood.<ref> Jankovic J. ''Movement Disorders, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics''. The Clinics: Radiology: Elsevier, 2014, p. viii </ref> It is characterized by multiple motor [[tic]]s and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. Some common tics are eye blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements. These tics characteristically wax and wane, can be suppressed temporarily, and are typically preceded by an unwanted urge or sensation in the affected muscle group. Tourette's does not adversely affect intelligence or [[life expectancy]].
While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of [[Genetics|genetic]] and environmental factors. Tourette's is defined as part of a [[spectrum disorder|spectrum]] of [[tic disorder]]s, which includes provisional, transient and persistent (chronic) tics. There are no specific tests for diagnosing Tourette's; it is not always correctly identified because most cases are mild and the severity of tics decreases for most children as they pass through adolescence.
Between 0.4% and 3.8% of children and adolescents ages 5 to 18 may have Tourette's.<ref name=Robertson2011/> Extreme Tourette's in adulthood is a rarity. Tourette's was once considered a rare and bizarre [[syndrome]], most often associated with the exclamation of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks ([[coprolalia]]), but this symptom is present in only a small minority of people with Tourette's.<ref name=Singer2011>Singer HS. "Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders". ''Handb Clin Neurol.'' 2011;100:641–57. {{DOI|10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00046-X}} PMID 21496613. Also see Singer HS. "Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology". ''Lancet Neurol.'' 2005 Mar;4(3):149–59. {{DOI|10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01012-4}} PMID 15721825.</ref> The condition was named by [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] (1825–1893) on behalf of his resident, [[Georges Gilles de la Tourette|Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette]] (1857–1904), a French physician and [[neurology|neurologist]], who published an account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885. | 2016-10-17T03:43:27Z | '''Tourette syndrome''' ('''TS''' or simply '''Tourette's'''), is a common [[Neuropsychiatry|neuropsychiatric]] disorder with onset in childhood,<ref> Jankovic J. ''Movement Disorders, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics''. The Clinics: Radiology: Elsevier, 2014, p. viii </ref> characterized by multiple motor [[tic]]s and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. These tics characteristically wax and wane, can be suppressed temporarily, and are typically preceded by an unwanted urge or sensation in the affected muscles. Some common tics are eye blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements. Tourette's does not adversely affect intelligence or [[life expectancy]].
While the exact cause is unknown, Tourette's is believed to involve a combination of [[Genetics|genetic]] and environmental factors. Tourette's is defined as part of a [[spectrum disorder|spectrum]] of [[tic disorder]]s, which includes provisional, transient and persistent (chronic) tics. There are no specific tests for diagnosing Tourette's; it is not always correctly identified because most cases are mild and the severity of tics decreases for most children as they pass through adolescence. Extreme Tourette's in adulthood, though sensationalized in the media, is a rarity; tics are often unnoticed by casual observers.
Between 0.4% and 3.8% of children and adolescents ages 5 to 18 may have Tourette's.<ref name=Robertson2011/> Tourette's was once considered a rare and bizarre [[syndrome]], most often associated with [[coprolalia]] (the utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks), but this symptom is present in only a small minority of people with Tourette's.<ref name=Singer2011>Singer HS. "Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders". ''Handb Clin Neurol.'' 2011;100:641–57. {{DOI|10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00046-X}} PMID 21496613. Also see Singer HS. "Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology". ''Lancet Neurol.'' 2005 Mar;4(3):149–59. {{DOI|10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01012-4}} PMID 15721825.</ref> The condition was named by [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] (1825–1893) on behalf of his resident, [[Georges Gilles de la Tourette|Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette]] (1857–1904), a French physician and [[neurology|neurologist]], who published an account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885. | 2016-10-18T00:20:03Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742980202 | | footer = Top: Ancient ''[[Kuttiyattam]]''.<br>Bottom: ''Kathakali''( Pandavas & Kauravas playing Choothu) | 2016-09-23T13:48:14Z | | footer = Top: Ancient ''[[Kuttiyattam]]''.<br>Bottom: ''Kathakali'' ([[Mahabharata]] characters playing ''Choothu'') | 2016-10-07T01:28:55Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745913930 | Dye appeared in ''[[Outbreak (film)|Outbreak]]'' portraying Lieutenant Colonel Briggs, a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] officer. He plays [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s superior officer, Colonel [[Leonard Wood]], in the [[TNT (TV channel)|TNT]] miniseries ''[[Rough Riders (film)|Rough Riders]]''. He has a small role in ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' as an aide to [[George Catlett Marshall|General George Catlett Marshall]] as well as a role playing the Admiral's aide, Captain Garza, in ''[[Under Siege]]'' and ''[[Under Siege 2: Dark Territory]]''. He had another small role in ''[[Spy Game]]'' as Commander Wiley during the rescue sequence, in ''[[Mission Impossible (film)|Mission Impossible]]'' as Frank Barnes of CIA, in ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]'' as General Y, and in ''[[Starship Troopers (film)|Starship Troopers]]'' as a high-ranking officer in the aftermath of the Brain Bug capture. Dye played himself in ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'', teaching Vince to scuba dive in preparation for his role in ''Aquaman''. He appeared in the 2011 [[Tom Hanks]] film ''[[Larry Crowne]]''. He was the technical adviser for the 1994 Oliver Stone movie ''[[Natural Born Killers]].''<ref name=imdbname/> Dye played Col. Porter in the [[TNT (TV channel)|TNT]] science fiction series ''[[Falling Skies]]'' from 2011 to 2013. {{asof|2015}} he was preparing to direct two films, ''No Better Place to Die'', which he wrote, and ''Citizen Soldiers''.<ref name=imdbname/><ref name=drill/>
| ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]''
| ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'' | 2016-09-28T04:20:39Z | Dye appeared in ''[[Outbreak (film)|Outbreak]]'' portraying Lieutenant Colonel Briggs, a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] officer. He plays [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s superior officer, Colonel [[Leonard Wood]], in the [[TNT (TV channel)|TNT]] miniseries ''[[Rough Riders (film)|Rough Riders]]''. He has a small role in ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' as an aide to [[George Catlett Marshall|General George Catlett Marshall]] as well as a role playing the Admiral's aide, Captain Garza, in ''[[Under Siege]]'' and ''[[Under Siege 2: Dark Territory]]''. He had another small role in ''[[Spy Game]]'' as Commander Wiley during the rescue sequence, in ''[[Mission Impossible (film)|Mission Impossible]]'' as Frank Barnes of CIA, in ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]'' as General Y, and in ''[[Starship Troopers (film)|Starship Troopers]]'' as a high-ranking officer in the aftermath of the Brain Bug capture. Dye played himself in ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]'', teaching Vince to scuba dive in preparation for his role in ''Aquaman''. He appeared in the 2011 [[Tom Hanks]] film ''[[Larry Crowne]]''. He was the technical adviser for the 1994 Oliver Stone movie ''[[Natural Born Killers]].''<ref name=imdbname/> Dye played Col. Porter in the [[TNT (TV channel)|TNT]] science fiction series ''[[Falling Skies]]'' from 2011 to 2013. {{asof|2015}} he was preparing to direct two films, ''No Better Place to Die'', which he wrote, and ''Citizen Soldiers''.<ref name=imdbname/><ref name=drill/>
| ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]''
| ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]'' | 2016-10-24T03:46:49Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742241583 | The '''2016 Uri attack''' was an attack by four heavily armed terrorists on 18 September 2016, near the town of [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] in the [[India]]n-administered state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. It was reported as "the deadliest attack on security forces in Kashmir in two decades".<ref name="uri">{{cite news|title=Militants attack Indian army base in Kashmir 'killing 17'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37399969|accessdate=18 September 2016|work=|agency=BBC News|date=18 September 2016|location=}}</ref> No group has claimed responsibility for the attack,<ref name= time/> though the militant group [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] is suspected of being involved in the planning and execution of the attack.<ref name="susperps"/> At the time of the attack, the [[Kashmir Valley]] region was at the centre of [[2016 Kashmir unrest|unrest]], during which 85 civilians had been killed by Indian security forces <ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/18/asia/india-kashmir-attack/|title=Soldiers killed in army base attack in Indian-administered Kashmir|work=CNN|date=19 September 2016|accessdate=21 September 2016|quote=After a few years of relative calm in Indian-administered Kashmir -- largely considered one of the world's most tumultuous geopolitical flashpoints since the India-Pakistan partition -- the region has been gripped by unrest for more than two months.}}</ref> and thousands injured in clashes with security forces.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/32651887/suspected-rebels-attack-major-indian-army-base-in-kashmir|title=India blames Pakistan militants for Kashmir attack which killed 17|work=Yahoo|date=19 September 2016|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-02T13:30:33Z | The '''2016 Uri attack''' was an attack by four heavily armed terrorists on 18 September 2016, near the town of [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] in the [[India]]n-administered state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. It was reported as "the deadliest attack on security forces in Kashmir in two decades".<ref name="uri">{{cite news|title=Militants attack Indian army base in Kashmir 'killing 17'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37399969|accessdate=18 September 2016|work=|agency=BBC News|date=18 September 2016|location=}}</ref> No group has claimed responsibility for the attack,<ref name= time/> though the militant group [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] is suspected of being involved in the planning and execution of the attack.<ref name="susperps"/> At the time of the attack, the [[Kashmir Valley]] region was at the centre of [[2016 Kashmir unrest|unrest]], during which 85 civilians died<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/18/asia/india-kashmir-attack/|title=Soldiers killed in army base attack in Indian-administered Kashmir|work=CNN|date=19 September 2016|accessdate=21 September 2016|quote=After a few years of relative calm in Indian-administered Kashmir -- largely considered one of the world's most tumultuous geopolitical flashpoints since the India-Pakistan partition -- the region has been gripped by unrest for more than two months.}}</ref> and thousands injured in clashes with security forces.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/32651887/suspected-rebels-attack-major-indian-army-base-in-kashmir|title=India blames Pakistan militants for Kashmir attack which killed 17|work=Yahoo|date=19 September 2016|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-02T14:57:06Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742362058 | |BowlTourney={{alternate links|1987 Gator Bowl Bowl|Gator Bowl|title=Gator Bowl}}
|BowlTourneyResult=L, 13–30 vs. [[1987 LSU Tigers football team|LSU]]
The '''1987 [[South Carolina Gamecocks football]] team''' represented the [[University of South Carolina]] as an [[NCAA Division I-A independent schools|independent team]] in the [[1987 NCAA Division I-A football season]]. They finished with eight wins and four losses (8–4) and with a loss against [[1987 LSU Tigers football team|LSU]] in the [[1987 Gator Bowl]]. The Gamecocks were led by head coach [[Joe Morrison]]. | 2015-09-12T23:43:03Z | |BowlTourney=[[1987 Gator Bowl|Gator Bowl]]
|BowlTourneyResult=L 13–30 vs. [[1987 LSU Tigers football team|LSU]]
The '''1987 South Carolina Gamecocks football team''' represented the [[University of South Carolina]] as an [[NCAA Division I-A independent schools|independent team]] in the [[1987 NCAA Division I-A football season]]. They finished with eight wins and four losses (8–4) and with a loss against [[1987 LSU Tigers football team|LSU]] in the [[1987 Gator Bowl]]. The Gamecocks were led by head coach [[Joe Morrison]].
| 2016-10-03T07:16:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745618628 | '''Market segmentation''' is the process of dividing a broad [[market]], normally consisting of existing and potential customers, into subsets of [[consumer]]s (known as ''segments''), that have, or are perceived to have, common needs, interests, and priorities. The aim of segmentation is to identify high yield segments - that is, those segments that are likely to be the most profitable or that have growth potential - so that these can be selected for special attention (i.e. [[target market]]s). There are many ways to segment a market. Business-to-business sellers might segment the market into different types of [[business]]es, or [[country|countries]]. While marketers of consumer goods might segment the market into demographic segments, lifestyle segments, behavioral segments or any other meaningful segment. | 2016-10-22T07:06:10Z | '''Market segmentation''' is the process of dividing a broad [[market]], normally consisting of existing and potential customers, into subsets of [[consumer]]s (known as ''segments''), that exhibit some type of shared characteristics. Typical shared characteristics include such things as common needs, common interests, similar lifestyles or even similar demographic profiles. The overall aim of segmentation is to identify high yield segments - that is, those segments that are likely to be the most profitable or that have growth potential - so that these can be selected for special attention (i.e. [[target market]]s). There are many ways to segment a market. Business-to-business sellers might segment the market into different types of [[business]]es, or [[country|countries]]. While marketers of consumer goods might segment the market into demographic segments, lifestyle segments, behavioral segments or any other meaningful segment. | 2016-10-22T07:14:25Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743594592 | [[File:West Island (South Australia).JPG|thumb|West Island (South Australia) viewed from The Bluff.|399x399px]] | 2016-10-10T09:32:24Z | | image name = File:West Island (South Australia).JPG
| image size =
| image caption = West Island viewed from [[Rosetta Head|The Bluff]] | 2016-10-10T09:36:34Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744559263 | * Ghost Walk – For several weekends each October, the Concrete Chamber of Commerce and the Concrete Heritage Museum team up to present the ''Concrete Ghost Walk'' – a tour that features the spirited history and unusual characters who inhabited the area in its heyday (and some not so long ago). | 2016-10-11T19:10:47Z | * Ghost Walk – For several weekends each October, the Concrete Chamber of Commerce and the [[Concrete Heritage Museum]] team up to present the ''Concrete Ghost Walk'' – a tour that features the spirited history and unusual characters who inhabited the area in its heyday (and some not so long ago). | 2016-10-16T01:18:55Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745659673 | The '''Stefan flow''', occasionally called '''Stefan's flow''', is a [[transport phenomenon]] concerning the movement of a [[chemical species]] by a flowing [[fluid]] (typically in the [[gas phase]]) that is induced to [[Fluid dynamics|flow]] by the production or removal of the species at an [[interface (chemistry)|interface]]. Any process that adds the species of interest to or removes it from the flowing fluid may cause the Stefan flow, but the most common processes include [[evaporation]], [[condensation]], [[chemical reaction]], [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]], [[ablation]], [[adsorption]], [[absorption (chemistry)|absorption]], and [[desorption]]. It was named after the [[Slovenes|Slovene]] physicist, mathematician, and poet [[Joseph Stefan]] for his early work on calculating evaporation rates. | 2016-06-01T21:30:23Z | The '''Stefan flow''', occasionally called '''Stefan's flow''', is a [[transport phenomenon]] concerning the movement of a [[chemical species]] by a flowing [[fluid]] (typically in the [[gas phase]]) that is induced to [[Fluid dynamics|flow]] by the production or removal of the species at an [[interface (chemistry)|interface]]. Any process that adds the species of interest to or removes it from the flowing fluid may cause the Stefan flow, but the most common processes include [[evaporation]], [[condensation]], [[chemical reaction]], [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]], [[ablation]], [[adsorption]], [[absorption (chemistry)|absorption]], and [[desorption]]. It was named after the Austrian physicist, mathematician, and poet [[Joseph Stefan|Josef Stefan]] for his early work on calculating evaporation rates. | 2016-10-22T14:15:59Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745408147 | In his first game for Michigan, Hirsch returned the opening kickoff 50 yards, scored two touchdowns and intercepted a pass.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hirsch Is Standout as Michigan Wins: Former Badger Back Scores Pair of Touchdowns in 26–0 Victory Over Camp Grant|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal (AP story)|date=September 19, 1943|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tKkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BSMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1828,1273560&dq=michigan+football+camp-grant&hl=en}}</ref> He scored five touchdowns in Michigan's first three games and threw for a touchdown in the fourth game against [[1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|Notre Dame]]. On October 11, 1943, Hirsch scored three touchdowns, including a 61-yard reverse around the right end, and intercepted a pass to help Michigan to its first victory over [[1943 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team|Minnesota]] since 1932.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Elroy Hirsch Provides Medicine for What Has Been Ailing Michigan|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|author=John N. Sabo|date=October 24, 1943|page=19|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7079975/dr_elroy_hirsch_provides_medicine_for/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref name=MJ>{{cite news|title=Elroy Hirsch Stars as Michigan Leads Minnesota, 28 to 6|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal|date=October 23, 1943|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qKkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EyMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1878,3228370&dq=michigan+football+minnesota&hl=en}}</ref> Due to a shoulder injury, he appeared only briefly as a backup to kick for extra points in the final two games of the season, but he still led the Wolverines in passing, punt returns, and scoring.<ref>{{cite book|title=Michigan: Champions of the West|authors=Bruce Madej, Rob Toonkel, Mike Pearson, Greg Kinney|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|year=1997|isbn=1571671153|page=99}}</ref>
During the 1943–1944 academic year, Hirsch also won [[varsity letter]]s in [[basketball]] (as a center), [[Track and field|track]] (as a broad jumper), and [[baseball]] (as a pitcher), becoming the first Michigan athlete to letter in four sports in a single year.<ref name=CFHOF/> He led both the [[1943–44 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team]] and the [[Michigan Wolverines baseball|Michigan baseball]] team to [[Big Ten Conference]] championships in 1944.<ref name=pt2>{{cite news|title=He wasn't sure he really wanted the UW job (part 2)|newspaper=Green Bay Press-Gazette|author=Len Wagner|date=April 6, 1969|pages=2–4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7095530/he_wasnt_sure_he_really_wanted_the_uw/}}</ref> On May 13, 1944, Hirsch starred in two sports in the same day, winning the broad jump with a distance of 24 feet, 2-1/4 inches at a track meet in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], and then traveling to [[Columbus, Ohio]], where he pitched a one-hitter to give Michigan's baseball team a 5-0 victory over [[Ohio State Buckeyes baseball|Ohio State]].<ref>{{cite news|title=We Give You Mr. Elroy Hirsch, Star of Two Sports in One Day|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=May 14, 1944|page=13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7095164/we_give_you_mr_elroy_hirsch_star_of/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T23:01:32Z | In his first game for Michigan, Hirsch returned the opening kickoff 50 yards, scored two touchdowns and intercepted a pass.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hirsch Is Standout as Michigan Wins: Former Badger Back Scores Pair of Touchdowns in 26–0 Victory Over Camp Grant|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal (AP story)|date=September 19, 1943|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tKkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BSMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1828,1273560&dq=michigan+football+camp-grant&hl=en}}</ref> He scored five touchdowns in Michigan's first three games and threw for a touchdown in the fourth game against [[1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|Notre Dame]]. On October 11, 1943, Hirsch scored three touchdowns, including a 61-yard reverse around the right end, and intercepted a pass to help Michigan to its first victory over [[1943 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team|Minnesota]] since 1932.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Elroy Hirsch Provides Medicine for What Has Been Ailing Michigan|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|author=John N. Sabo|date=October 24, 1943|page=19|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7079975/dr_elroy_hirsch_provides_medicine_for/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref name=MJ>{{cite news|title=Elroy Hirsch Stars as Michigan Leads Minnesota, 28 to 6|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal|date=October 23, 1943|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qKkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EyMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1878,3228370&dq=michigan+football+minnesota&hl=en}}</ref> Due to a shoulder injury, he appeared only briefly as a backup to kick for extra points in the final two games of the season, but he still led the Wolverines in passing, punt returns, and scoring.<ref name=Champ>{{cite book|title=Michigan: Champions of the West|authors=Bruce Madej, Rob Toonkel, Mike Pearson, Greg Kinney|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|year=1997|isbn=1571671153|page=99}}</ref>
During the 1943–1944 academic year, Hirsch also won [[varsity letter]]s in [[basketball]] (as a center), [[Track and field|track]] (as a broad jumper), and [[baseball]] (as a pitcher), becoming the first Michigan athlete to letter in four sports in a single year.<ref name=CFHOF/> He averaged 7.3 points per game for the [[1943–44 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team]], compiled a 6-0 record as a pitcher for the [[Michigan Wolverines baseball|Michigan baseball]] team, placed third in the long jump in the 1944 indoor championship, and led all three teams to [[Big Ten Conference]] championships.<ref name=Champ/><ref name=pt2>{{cite news|title=He wasn't sure he really wanted the UW job (part 2)|newspaper=Green Bay Press-Gazette|author=Len Wagner|date=April 6, 1969|pages=2–4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7095530/he_wasnt_sure_he_really_wanted_the_uw/}}</ref> On May 13, 1944, Hirsch starred in two sports in the same day, winning the broad jump with a distance of 24 feet, 2-1/4 inches at a track meet in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], and then traveling to [[Columbus, Ohio]], where he pitched a one-hitter to give Michigan's baseball team a 5-0 victory over [[Ohio State Buckeyes baseball|Ohio State]].<ref>{{cite news|title=We Give You Mr. Elroy Hirsch, Star of Two Sports in One Day|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=May 14, 1944|page=13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7095164/we_give_you_mr_elroy_hirsch_star_of/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T23:05:16Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745612480 | Tall and muscular, Howser is featured in ''[[California's Gold]]'' invariable smiling and amazed by all the "fascinating" things and "really nice people" he finds on his video travels throughout the [[Los Angeles]] area and the state of [[California]], whether it's a restored [[Spanish]] mission, or an old man who loves to make [[yogurt]].
Howser's distinctive enthusiastic style as host of his various travel shows led to him being impersonated and lampooned by many different comedians and radio personalities, such as [[Adam Carolla]],<ref>{{cite web | title = April 2, 2008 - Mark Walberg and Artie Lange call into the studio; Dana Gould is in the studio | work = Adam Carolla | date = April 2, 2008 | url = http://adamradio.wordpress.com/2008/04/02/april-2-2008-mark-walberg-and-artie-lange-call-into-the-studio-dana-gould-is-in-the-studio/ | accessdate = 2008-05-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722085134/http://adamradio.wordpress.com/2008/04/02/april-2-2008-mark-walberg-and-artie-lange-call-into-the-studio-dana-gould-is-in-the-studio/|archivedate=July 22, 2011|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[Dana Gould]], [[Ralph Garman]], and [[James Adomian]]. | 2016-10-22T05:55:06Z | Howser's enthusiastic style as host of his various travel shows led to him being impersonated and lampooned by comedians and radio personalities, such as [[Adam Carolla]],<ref>{{cite web | title = April 2, 2008 - Mark Walberg and Artie Lange call into the studio; Dana Gould is in the studio | work = Adam Carolla | date = April 2, 2008 | url = http://adamradio.wordpress.com/2008/04/02/april-2-2008-mark-walberg-and-artie-lange-call-into-the-studio-dana-gould-is-in-the-studio/ | accessdate = 2008-05-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722085134/http://adamradio.wordpress.com/2008/04/02/april-2-2008-mark-walberg-and-artie-lange-call-into-the-studio-dana-gould-is-in-the-studio/|archivedate=July 22, 2011|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[Dana Gould]], [[Ralph Garman]], and [[James Adomian]]. | 2016-10-22T05:56:36Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745997618 | Medical billing is getting increasingly more complicated, especially as medical code guidelines are making the switch from ICD-9 to ICD-10. Proper Revenue Cycle Management ensures that billing errors are reduced so that reimbursements from the insurance companies are maximized. Revenue Cycle Management teams are responsible for maintaining compliance with coding regulations, such as the [[ICD-10 Procedure Coding System|ICD-10]] code update. Using the right coding for services rendered by a practice ensures that insurance claims can be processed and that the [http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_035391.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_035391 practitioner is compensated for all of | 2016-10-24T12:14:52Z | Medical billing is getting increasingly more complicated, especially as medical code guidelines are making the switch from ICD-9 to ICD-10. Proper Revenue Cycle Management ensures that billing errors are reduced so that reimbursements from the insurance companies are maximized. Revenue Cycle Management teams are responsible for maintaining compliance with coding regulations, such as the [[ICD-10 Procedure Coding System|ICD-10]] code update. Using the right coding for services rendered by a practice ensures that insurance claims can be processed and that the [http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_035391.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_035391 practitioner is compensated for all of their services rendered]. A revenue cycle management team is able to handle this, rather than having the doctor take care of patients and learn new medical coding protocols. | 2016-10-24T17:35:13Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744042406 | | binomial_authority = [[Stejneger]], 1885 | 2016-07-21T20:14:04Z | | binomial_authority = [[Norman Joseph Favaloro|Favaloro]] & [[Allan Reginald McEvey|McEvey]], 1968
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
| subdivision = see text | 2016-10-12T19:17:26Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742185326 | Around 1809, impressed by the "talking leaves" of European written languages, Sequoyah began work to create a writing system for the Cherokee language. After attempting to create a character for each word, Sequoyah realized this would be too difficult and eventually created characters to represent syllables. Sequoyah took some ideas from his copy of the Bible, which he studied for characters to use in print, noticing the simplicity of the Roman letters and adopting them to make the writing of his syllabary easier. He could not actually read any of the letters in the book (as can be seen in certain characters in his syllabary, which look like Ws or 4s for example), so it is especially impressive that he came up with such a well-developed system. He worked on the syllabary for twelve years before completion, and dropped or modified most of the characters he originally created. The rapid dissemination of the syllabary is notable, and by 1824, most Cherokees could read and write in their newly developed orthography.{{Sfn | Walker | Sarbaugh | 1993}}{{Rp | needed = yes|date=December 2012}}
Some of Sequoyah's most learned contemporaries immediately understood that the syllabary was a great invention. For example, when [[Albert Gallatin]] saw a copy of Sequoyah's syllabary, he believed it was superior to the English alphabet. He recognized that even though the Cherokee student must learn 85 characters instead of 26, the Cherokee could read immediately. The student could accomplish in a few weeks what students of English writing could learn in two years.<ref>Langguth, A. J. Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War. New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4165-4859-1.</ref>
In 1828, the order of the characters in a chart and the shapes of the characters were modified by Cherokee author and editor [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|Elias Boudinot]] to adapt the syllabary to printing presses.<ref name = ict>[http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2010/03/16/cherokee-nation-creates-syllabary-keypad-81743 "Cherokee Nation creates syllabary keypad."] ''Indian Country Today.'' 17 March 2010 (retrieved 1 October 2016)</ref> The 86th character was dropped entirely.{{Sfn | Kilpatrick | Kilpatrick | 1968 | p = 23}} The new writing system was a key factor in enabling the Cherokee to maintain their social boundaries and ethnic identities. In 1834, Worcester made changes to several characters in order to improve the readability of Cherokee text. Most notably, he inverted the ''do'' character (Ꮩ) so that it could not be confused with the ''go'' character (Ꭺ). Otherwise, the characters remained remarkably invariant until the advent of new typesetting technologies in the 20th century.
The syllabary achieved almost instantaneous popularity, and was adopted by the ''[[Cherokee Phoenix]]'' newspaper, later ''[[Cherokee Advocate]]'', in 1828, followed by the ''Cherokee Messenger'', a bilingual paper printed in syllabary in [[Indian Territory]] in the mid-19th century.{{Sfn | Sturtevant | Fogelson | 2004 | p = 362}} It has been used since it was formed to write letters, keep diaries, and record medical formulas.{{Sfn | Scancarelli | 2005}} The syllabary is still used today to transcribe recipes, religious lore, folktales, etc. In the 1960s, the Cherokee Phoenix Press published literature in the Cherokee syllabary, including the ''Cherokee Singing Book''.{{Sfn | Sturtevant | Fogelson | 2004 | p = 750}}
A Cherokee syllabary typewriter ball was developed in the 1980s. Computer fonts greatly expanded Cherokee writers' ability to publish in Cherokee. In 2010, a Cherokee keyboard cover was developed by [[Roy Boney, Jr.]] and [[Joseph Erb]], facilitating more rapid typing in Cherokee. The keyboard cover is now used by students in [[Cherokee Nation]] Immersion School, where all coursework is written in syllabary.<ref name = ict/> | 2016-10-02T03:57:26Z | Around 1809, impressed by the "talking leaves" of European written languages, Sequoyah began work to create a writing system for the Cherokee language. After attempting to create a character for each word, Sequoyah realized this would be too difficult and eventually created characters to represent syllables. Sequoyah took some ideas from his copy of the Bible, which he studied for characters to use in print, noticing the simplicity of the Roman letters and adopting them to make the writing of his syllabary easier. He could not actually read any of the letters in the book (as can be seen in certain characters in his syllabary, which look like Ws or 4s for example), so it is especially impressive that he came up with such a well-developed system. He worked on the syllabary for twelve years before completion, and dropped or modified most of the characters he originally created.
After the syllabary was completed in the early 1820s, it achieved almost instantaneous popularity and spread rapidly throughout Cherokee society.{{Sfn | Walker | Sarbaugh | 1993 | p = 70–71}} Soon, most Cherokees could read and write in their newly developed orthography.
Some of Sequoyah's most learned contemporaries immediately understood that the syllabary was a great invention. For example, when [[Albert Gallatin]] saw a copy of Sequoyah's syllabary, he believed it was superior to the English alphabet. He recognized that even though the Cherokee student must learn 85 characters instead of 26, the Cherokee could read immediately. The student could accomplish in a few weeks what students of English writing could learn in two years.<ref>Langguth, A. J. (2010). ''Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War''. New York, Simon & Schuster. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4165-4859-1.</ref>
In 1828, the order of the characters in a chart and the shapes of the characters were modified by Cherokee author and editor [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|Elias Boudinot]] to adapt the syllabary to printing presses.<ref name = ict>[http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2010/03/16/cherokee-nation-creates-syllabary-keypad-81743 "Cherokee Nation creates syllabary keypad."] ''Indian Country Today.'' 17 March 2010 (retrieved 1 October 2016)</ref> The 86th character was dropped entirely.{{Sfn | Kilpatrick | Kilpatrick | 1968 | p = 23}} Following these changes, the syllabary was adopted by the ''[[Cherokee Phoenix]]'' newspaper, later ''[[Cherokee Advocate]]'', followed by the ''Cherokee Messenger'', a bilingual paper printed in [[Indian Territory]] in the mid-19th century.{{Sfn | Sturtevant | Fogelson | 2004 | p = 362}}
In 1834, Worcester made changes to several characters in order to improve the readability of Cherokee text. Most notably, he inverted the ''do'' character (Ꮩ) so that it could not be confused with the ''go'' character (Ꭺ). Otherwise, the characters remained remarkably invariant until the advent of new typesetting technologies in the 20th century.
In the 1960s, the Cherokee Phoenix Press began publishing literature in the Cherokee syllabary, including the ''Cherokee Singing Book''.{{Sfn | Sturtevant | Fogelson | 2004 | p = 750}} A Cherokee syllabary typewriter ball was developed in the 1980s. Computer fonts greatly expanded Cherokee writers' ability to publish in Cherokee. In 2010, a Cherokee keyboard cover was developed by [[Roy Boney, Jr.]] and [[Joseph Erb]], facilitating more rapid typing in Cherokee. The keyboard cover is now used by students in the [[Cherokee Nation]] Immersion School, where all coursework is written in syllabary.<ref name = ict/> | 2016-10-02T05:28:07Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745914504 | * Michigan - Jack Weisenberger, 1-yard run (Jim Brieske kick)
* Michigan - Jack Weisenberger, 1-yard run (Jim Brieske kick) | 2016-10-24T03:49:29Z | * Michigan - Jack Weisenburger, 1-yard run (Jim Brieske kick)
* Michigan - Jack Weisenburger, 1-yard run (Jim Brieske kick) | 2016-10-24T03:51:20Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745914749 | *''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'' | 2016-05-18T23:56:45Z | *''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]'' | 2016-10-24T03:53:13Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745386389 | '''Foundation deposits''' are the archaeological remains of the ritual burial of materials under the foundations of buildings.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gerritsen|first=Fokke Albert |title=Local Identities: Landscape and Community|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=2003|pages=63–64}}</ref> | 2014-11-07T00:07:08Z | '''Foundation deposits''' are the [[Archaeology|archaeological]] remains of the ritual burial of materials under the foundations of buildings.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gerritsen|first=Fokke Albert |title=Local Identities: Landscape and Community|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=2003|pages=63–64}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T20:27:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741583433 | *<span id="notes_gs1"></span>Qarabağ have played their home games at the [[Tofiq Bahramov Stadium]] since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in [[Quzanlı]].<ref>[http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 Doğma torpaq, qüdrətinə qurban olum!] {{az icon}}</ref> | 2016-07-17T12:55:39Z | *<span id="notes_gs1"></span>Qarabağ have played their home games at the [[Tofiq Bahramov Stadium]] since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in [[Quzanlı]].<ref>[http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 Doğma torpaq, qüdrətinə qurban olum!] {{wayback|url=http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 |date=20130927203006 }} {{az icon}}</ref> | 2016-09-28T12:05:51Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745522310 | *{{External link|http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/07/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-i/ |World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect I| Pro Snooker Blog}}
*{{External link|http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/12/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-ii/ |World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect II| Pro Snooker Blog}}
*{{External link|http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/21/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-iii/ |World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect III| Pro Snooker Blog}}
*{{External link|http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/04/24/world-championship-2011-picture-perfect-i/ |World Championship 2011: Picture Perfect I| Pro Snooker Blog}}
*{{External link|http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/05/04/world-championship-2011-picture-perfect-ii/ |World Championship 2011: Picture Perfect II| Pro Snooker Blog}} | 2016-09-22T20:02:59Z | *[http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/07/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-i/ World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect I] at Pro Snooker Blog
*[http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/12/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-ii/ World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect II] at Pro Snooker Blog
*[http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/03/21/world-championship-qualifiers-2011-picture-perfect-iii/ World Championship Qualifiers 2011: Picture Perfect III] at Pro Snooker Blog
*[http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/04/24/world-championship-2011-picture-perfect-i/ World Championship 2011: Picture Perfect I] at Pro Snooker Blog
*[http://prosnookerblog.com/2011/05/04/world-championship-2011-picture-perfect-ii/ World Championship 2011: Picture Perfect II] at Pro Snooker Blog | 2016-10-21T16:38:30Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743749578 | *16 December 1920: IRA fighters ambushed British troops at Kilcommon Cross, County Tipperary. Four British soldiers were killed and three wounded.
*20 December 1920: The Kilkenny IRA unit ambushed an RIC/military patrol at Nine Mile House, [[County Kilkenny]], eight soldiers and one constable killed. | 2016-10-11T01:37:05Z | *16 December 1920: IRA fighters ambushed British troops at Kilcommon Cross, County Tipperary. Four British soldiers were killed and three wounded.{{cn}}
*20 December 1920: The Kilkenny IRA unit ambushed an RIC/military patrol at Nine Mile House, [[County Kilkenny]], eight soldiers and one constable killed.{{cn}} | 2016-10-11T01:40:54Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741518163 | <ref name=ISU_first_info>{{cite web |url= http://isuprod.blob.core.windows.net/media/166176/wjc2015_1st_info_final_revised.pdf |format= PDF |title= First Information |publisher= International Skating Union}}</ref>
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* {{Wayback |url= http://www.isuresults.com/events/cat00008342.htm |title= Earlier versions}}</ref> | 2016-07-26T04:33:29Z | <ref name=ISU_first_info>{{cite web|url=http://isuprod.blob.core.windows.net/media/166176/wjc2015_1st_info_final_revised.pdf |format=PDF |title=First Information |publisher=International Skating Union |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107155718/http://isuprod.blob.core.windows.net/media/166176/wjc2015_1st_info_final_revised.pdf |archivedate=2015-01-07 |df= }}</ref>
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}}
* </ref> | 2016-09-28T00:54:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745198338 | Nonetheless, because of their [[physiology]] horses are also suited to a number of work and entertainment-related tasks. Humans [[domesticated]] horses thousands of years ago, and they have helped humans ever since. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been bred to be quite docile, particularly certain large [[draft horse]]s. On the other hand, most light horse riding [[List of horse breeds|breeds]] were developed for speed, agility, alertness, and endurance; building on natural qualities that extended from their wild ancestors. | 2016-10-19T20:30:49Z | Nonetheless, because of their [[physiology]] horses are also suited to a number of work and entertainment-related tasks. Humans [[domesticated]] horses thousands of years ago, and they have been used by humans ever since. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been bred to be quite docile, particularly certain large [[draft horse]]s. On the other hand, most light horse riding [[List of horse breeds|breeds]] were developed for speed, agility, alertness, and endurance; building on natural qualities that extended from their wild ancestors. | 2016-10-19T20:35:50Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745656069 | The original design of tender, which came to be known as Type 'A' was designed for the first ten streamlined locomotives. These were of welded tank construction and included side sheets extending from the rear of the tender, presumably to prevent drag from eddies between the tender and the leading coach. 28 of these were constructed to be coupled with all the 24 streamliners (Nos. 6220-6229 and Nos. 6235-6248) as well as four of the unstreamlined locomotives (Nos. 6249-6252). In practice, the side sheets made it more difficult to access the water filler as well as the couplings.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982}}{{page needed|date=October 2016}}
A second, more traditional design followed for the initial batch of five unstreamlined locomotives (Nos. 6230-6234). Again they were of welded tank construction, but lacked any of the streamlining add-ons. Even without the streamlining Type 'B' tenders were distinguishable from Type 'A' by having a slightly different profile at the front and steps and handrails at the rear.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982}}{{page needed|date=October 2016}}
The third design initially was Type 'C1' and it was paired with the three locomotives Nos. 6253-6255. It was partially riveted and resembled a Type 'A' at its front end and a Type 'B' at the rear. The design was quickly followed by Type 'C2'. The only difference from the 'C1' was that it possessed a lower front edge. Only two 'C2's were built and they were coupled to the last two of the class, Nos. 6256 and 6257.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982}}{{page needed|date=October 2016}}
Whilst nearly half of the class remained wedded to their original tenders, others received new partners. After the Second World War, when the streamlined tenders were de-streamlined, it was difficult to spot any mismatches. The most readily visible mismatches were those of locomotives Nos. 6249-6252 where pre-produced Type 'A' streamlined tenders were married to unstreamlined locomotives.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982}}{{page needed|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-22T13:27:56Z | The original design of tender, which came to be known as Type 'A' was designed for the first ten streamlined locomotives. These were of welded tank construction and included side sheets extending from the rear of the tender, presumably to prevent drag from eddies between the tender and the leading coach. 28 of these were constructed to be coupled with all the 24 streamliners (Nos. 6220-6229 and Nos. 6235-6248) as well as four of the unstreamlined locomotives (Nos. 6249-6252){{sfn|Jenkinson|1982|pp=2-3}}. In practice, it would seem that the side sheets made it more difficult to access the water filler as well as the couplings.
A second, more traditional design followed for the initial batch of five unstreamlined locomotives (Nos. 6230-6234). Again they were of welded tank construction, but lacked any of the streamlining add-ons. Even without the streamlining Type 'B' tenders were distinguishable from Type 'A' by having a slightly different profile at the front and steps and handrails at the rear.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982|pp=2-3}}
The third design initially was Type 'C1' and it was paired with the three locomotives Nos. 6253-6255. It was partially riveted and resembled a Type 'A' at its front end and a Type 'B' at the rear. The design was quickly followed by Type 'C2'. The only difference from the 'C1' was that it possessed a lower front edge. Only two 'C2's were built and they were coupled to the last two of the class, Nos. 6256 and 6257.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982|pp=2-3}}
Whilst nearly half of the class remained wedded to their original tenders, others received new partners. After the Second World War, when the streamlined tenders were de-streamlined, it was difficult to spot any mismatches. The most readily visible mismatches were those of locomotives Nos. 6249-6252 where pre-produced Type 'A' streamlined tenders were married to unstreamlined locomotives.{{sfn|Jenkinson|1982|pp=3, 66}} | 2016-10-22T13:39:50Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744880313 | |Title=Hammer Veneer
|ShortSummary=With a little help from his friends, Roy shows how to do hammer veneer — handy for making drawer fronts.
|Title=Holly Wood Spectaculars
|ShortSummary=An incredible tool chest for small tools built with holly wood and decorated with spectacular inlay. | 2016-06-01T19:52:37Z | |Title=Holly Wood Spectaculars
|ShortSummary=An incredible tool chest for small tools built with holly wood and decorated with spectacular inlay. Marcus Hanson & Ed Wright from Colonial Williamsburg show us the top of the tool till of Benjamin Seaton’s tool chest.
|Title=Hammer Veneer
|ShortSummary=With a little help from his friends Marcus Hanson & Ed Wright from Colonial Williamsburg, Roy shows how to do hammer veneer — handy for making drawer fronts (here using the tool chest of Benjamin Seaton as example). | 2016-10-18T00:43:26Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741845722 | |Left BC Liberal caucus to seek [[Conservative Party of Canada]] nomination in [[Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge]].<ref>[http://www.theprovince.com/news/Marc+Dalton+federal+Tory+nomination+Fraser+Valley/10808641/story.html "B.C. MLA Marc Dalton to seek federal Tory nomination in Fraser Valley riding"]. ''[[The Province]]'', February 12, 2015.</ref> | 2016-09-17T18:58:20Z | |Left BC Liberal caucus to seek [[Conservative Party of Canada]] nomination in [[Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge]].<ref>[http://www.theprovince.com/news/Marc+Dalton+federal+Tory+nomination+Fraser+Valley/10808641/story.html "B.C. MLA Marc Dalton to seek federal Tory nomination in Fraser Valley riding"] {{wayback|url=http://www.theprovince.com/news/Marc+Dalton+federal+Tory+nomination+Fraser+Valley/10808641/story.html |date=20150609024142 }}. ''[[The Province]]'', February 12, 2015.</ref> | 2016-09-30T01:06:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741916285 | '''Coeliac disease''', also spelled '''celiac disease''', is an [[autoimmune disorder]] affecting primarily the [[small intestine]] that occurs in people who are [[Genetic predisposition|genetically predisposed]].<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Celiac Disease|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|website=NIDDKD|accessdate=17 March 2016|date = June 2015}}</ref> Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic [[diarrhea|diarrhoea]], [[abdominal distention]], [[malabsorption]], loss of appetite, and among children [[failure to thrive|failure to grow normally]].<!-- <ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric/> --> This often begins between six months and two years of age.<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric /> Non-classic symptoms are the most common, especially in people older than two years.<ref name=ESPGHAN2012 /><ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K|title= Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench |volume=4|issue=3|pages=102–8|date=2011|pmid=24834166|pmc=4017418|doi=|type=Review}}</ref><ref name=TonuttiBizzaro2014>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tonutti E, Bizzaro N|title=Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Autoimmun Rev|volume=13|issue=4-5|pages=472–6|date=2014|pmid=24440147|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043|type=Review}}</ref> There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of [[systemic disease|symptoms involving any part of the body]], or no obvious symptoms.<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric /><ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015/> Coeliac disease was first described in childhood;<ref name=ESPGHAN2012>{{cite journal|vauthors=Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP,(( ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition)) |title=European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease|journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr|volume=54|issue=1|pages=136–60|date=Jan 2012|pmid=22197856|url=http://www.espghan.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines_pdf/Guidelines_2404/European_Society_for_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_.28__1_.pdf|doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0|type=Practice Guideline|quote=Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms}}</ref><ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L|title=The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease|journal=Nutrients|volume=7|issue=10|pages=8733–51|date=Oct 22, 2015|pmid=26506381|pmc=4632446|doi=10.3390/nu7105426|type=Review|quote=Several additional studies in extensive series of celiac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. ''(IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)''}}</ref> however, it may develop at any age.<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric>{{cite journal|author=Fasano A|title=Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=128|issue=4 Suppl 1|pages=S68-73|date=Apr 2005|pmid=15825129|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.015|type=Review}}</ref><ref name=ESPGHAN2012 /> It is associated with other [[autoimmune disease]]s, such as [[diabetes mellitus type 1]] and [[thyroiditis]], among others.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 />
Diagnosis is typically made by a combination of blood antibody tests and intestinal [[tissue biopsy|biopsies]], helped by specific [[genetic testing]].<ref name=NIH2015/> Making the diagnosis is not always straightforward.<ref name=MatthiasPfeiffer2010 /> Frequently, the autoantibodies in the blood are negative<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /><ref name=LewisScott2006>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lewis NR, Scott BB|title=Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)|journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther|volume=24|issue=1|pages=47–54|date=Jul 1, 2006|pmid=16803602|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x/pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x|type=Review}}</ref><ref name=AGA2006 /> and many people have only minor intestinal changes with normal [[intestinal villi|villi]].<ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011 /><ref name=MolinaInfanteSantolaria2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, Fernández-Bañares F|title=Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity|journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther|volume=41|issue=9|pages=807–20|date=May 2015|pmid=25753138|doi=10.1111/apt.13155|type=Review|quote=Furthermore, seronegativity is more common in coeliac disease patients without villous atrophy (Marsh 1-2 lesions), but these ‘minor’ forms of coeliac disease may have similar clinical manifestations to those with villous atrophy and may show similar clinical–histological remission with reversal of haematological or biochemical disturbances on a gluten-free diet (GFD).}}</ref> People may have severe symptoms and be investigated for years before a diagnosis is achieved.<ref name=LudvigssonCard2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ludvigsson JF, Card T, Ciclitira PJ, Swift GL, Nasr I, Sanders DS, Ciacci C|title=Support for patients with celiac disease: A literature review|journal=United European Gastroenterol J|volume=3|issue=2|pages=146–59|date=Apr 2015|pmid=25922674|pmc=4406900|doi=10.1177/2050640614562599|type=Review}}</ref> Increasingly, the diagnosis is being made in [[asymptomatic|people without symptoms]] as a result of [[Screening (medicine)|screening]].<ref name="VanHeelWest">{{cite journal |vauthors=van Heel DA, West J | title = Recent advances in coeliac disease | journal = Gut | volume = 55 | issue = 7 | pages = 1037–46 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16766754 | pmc = 1856316 | doi = 10.1136/gut.2005.075119 | type=Review}}</ref> While the disease is caused by a permanent intolerance to wheat proteins, it is usually classified as different from the other forms of [[wheat allergy]].<ref name=His2006/>
The only known effective treatment is a strict lifelong [[gluten-free diet]], which leads to recovery of the intestinal mucosa, improves symptoms, and reduced risk of developing complications in most people.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /><ref name=SeeKaukinen2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA|title=Practical insights into gluten-free diets|journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol|volume=12|issue=10|pages=580–91|date=Oct 2015|pmid=26392070|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2015.156|type=Review}}</ref> If untreated it may result in [[cancer]]s such as intestinal [[lymphoma]] and a slight increased risk of early death.<ref name=LebwoholLudvigsson2015>{{cite journal | vauthors =Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH | title = Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | pages = h4347| date = Oct 2015 | pmid = 26438584|pmc= 4596973 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h4347|type= Review|quote=Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide, although most people with the condition are undiagnosed. It can cause a wide variety of symptoms, both intestinal and extra-intestinal because it is a systemic autoimmune disease that is triggered by dietary gluten. Patients with celiac disease are at increased risk of cancer, including a twofold to fourfold increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a more than 30-fold increased risk of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, and they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death.}}</ref> Rates vary between different regions of the world, from as few as 1 in 300 to as many as 1 in 40, with an average of between 1 in 100 and 1 in 170 people.<ref name=NEJM2012>{{cite journal|last1=Fasano|first1=A|last2=Catassi|first2=C|title=Clinical practice. Celiac disease|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=Dec 20, 2012|volume=367|issue=25|pages=2419–26|pmid=23252527|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1113994|type=Review}}</ref> In developed countries, it is estimated that five out of six cases (83%) remain undiagnosed, usually because of non-classic, minimal, or absent complaints.<ref name=LionettiGatti2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lionetti E, Gatti S, Pulvirenti A, Catassi C|title=Celiac disease from a global perspective| journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol|date=Jun 2015|volume= 29|issue= 3|pages= 365–79|pmid=26060103|doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2015.05.004|type=Review}}</ref> Coeliac disease is slightly more common in women than in men.<ref name=His2006>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R | title = Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease | journal = Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | pages = 559–75 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16480395 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x }}</ref> The term "coeliac" is from the Greek κοιλιακός (''koiliakós'', "abdominal") and was introduced in the 19th century in a translation of what is generally regarded as an ancient Greek description of the disease by [[Aretaeus of Cappadocia]].<ref name="Aretaeus">{{Cite book|last=Adams F, translator |title=The extant works of Aretaeus, The Cappadocian |url=https://books.google.com/?id=v4gIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT1&q= |chapter= On The Cœliac Affection |pages=350–1|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4gIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA350#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=12 December 2009 |year=1856 |publisher=Sydenham Society |location=London}}</ref><ref name="Losowsky">{{cite journal | author = Losowsky MS | title = A history of coeliac disease | journal = Dig Dis | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–20 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18431060 | doi = 10.1159/000116768 }}</ref>
The classic symptoms of coeliac disease include pale, loose, and greasy stool ([[steatorrhoea]]) and weight loss or failure to gain weight (in young children). More commonly symptoms are subtle or primarily occur in organs other than the bowel itself.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015/><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2013.0835|title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease|journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |year=2013|volume= 110|issue=49|pages= 835-45}}</ref> It is also possible to have coeliac disease without any symptoms whatsoever.<ref name=Lancet2009/> This represents at least in 43% of the cases in children.<ref name=VriezingaSchweizer2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML|title=Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood|journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol|volume=12|issue=9|pages=527–36|date=Sep 2015|pmid=26100369|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98|type=Review}}</ref> Many adults with subtle disease only have fatigue or [[anaemia]].<ref name=VanHeelWest/>
Coeliac disease is associated with a number of other medical conditions, many of which are [[autoimmune disorder]]s: [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[microscopic colitis]], [[ataxia|gluten ataxia]], [[psoriasis]], [[vitiligo]], [[autoimmune hepatitis]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]], and more.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /><ref name=LundinWijmenga2015 />
[[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies]] to the enzyme [[tissue transglutaminase]] (tTG) are found in the blood of the majority of people with classic symptoms and complete villous atrophy, but only in 70% of the cases with partial villous atrophy and 30% of the cases with minor mucosal lesions.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /><ref name=LewisScott2006 /> Tissue transglutaminase modifies gluten [[peptide]]s into a form that may stimulate the immune system more effectively.<ref name=VanHeelWest/> These peptides are modified by tTG in two ways, deamidation or transamidation.<ref name=Skovbjerg>{{cite journal |vauthors=Skovbjerg H, Norén O, Anthonsen D, Moller J, Sjöström H | title = Gliadin is a good substrate of several transglutaminases: possible implication in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease | journal = Scand J Gastroenterol | volume = 37 | issue = 7 | pages = 812–7 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12190095 | doi = 10.1080/713786534 }}</ref>
[[Serology|Serological]] blood tests are the first-line investigation required to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease. Its sensitivity correlates with the degree of histological lesions. People who present minor damage of the small intestine may have seronegative findings so many patients with coeliac disease often are missed. In patients with villous atrophy, anti-[[endomysium|endomysial]] (EMA) antibodies of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) type can detect coeliac disease with a [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]] and [[sensitivity and specificity|specificity]] of 90% and 99%, respectively.<ref name="pmid20442390">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Windt DA, Jellema P, Mulder CJ, Kneepkens CM, van der Horst HE |title=Diagnostic testing for celiac disease among patients with abdominal symptoms: a systematic review |journal=[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]] |volume=303 |issue=17 |pages=1738–46 |year=2010 |pmid=20442390 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.549 | quote=Most studies used similar histological criteria for diagnosing celiac disease (Marsh grade ≥III), but the level of damage may vary across populations. Only 4 studies presented the proportion of patients in whom only partial villous atrophy was found (Marsh grade of IIIA), which ranged from 4% to 100%. The presence of positive serum antibodies has been shown to correlate with the degree of villous atrophy, and patients with celiac disease who have less severe histological damage may have seronegative findings. This could be important, especially in primary care, in which levels of mucosal damage may be lower, and consequently, more patients with celiac disease may be missed.}}</ref> [[Serology]] for [[anti-transglutaminase antibodies]] (anti-tTG) was initially reported to have a higher [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]] (99%) and [[sensitivity and specificity|specificity]] (>90%). However, it is now thought to have similar characteristics to anti-endomysial antibody.<ref name="pmid20442390"/> Both anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibodies have high sensitivity to diagnose people with classic symptoms and complete villous atrophy, but they are only found in 30-89% of the cases with partial villous atrophy and in less than 50% of the people who have minor mucosal lesions ([[duodenal lymphocytosis]]) with normal villi.<ref name=CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /><ref name=LewisScott2006 /><ref name=AGA2006 />
In untreated coeliac disease, villous atrophy is more common in children younger than three years,<ref name= CiccocioppoKruzliak2015 /> but in older children and adults, it is common to find minor intestinal lesions ([[duodenal lymphocytosis]]) with normal [[intestinal villi]].<ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011 /><ref name=VivasVaquero2015 /><ref name=MolinaInfanteSantolaria2015 /> | 2016-09-30T10:33:07Z | '''Coeliac disease''', also spelled '''celiac disease''', is an [[autoimmune disorder]] affecting primarily the [[small intestine]] that occurs in people who are [[Genetic predisposition|genetically predisposed]].<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Celiac Disease|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|website=NIDDKD|accessdate=17 March 2016|date = June 2015}}</ref> Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic [[diarrhea|diarrhoea]], [[abdominal distention]], [[malabsorption]], loss of appetite, and among children [[failure to thrive|failure to grow normally]].<!-- <ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric/> --> This often begins between six months and two years of age.<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric>{{cite journal|author=Fasano A|title=Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=128|issue=4 Suppl 1|pages=S68-73|date=Apr 2005|pmid=15825129|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.015|type=Review}}</ref> Non-classic symptoms are the most common, especially in people older than two years.<ref name=ESPGHAN2012 /><ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K|title= Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench |volume=4|issue=3|pages=102–8|date=2011|pmid=24834166|pmc=4017418|doi=|type=Review}}</ref><ref name=TonuttiBizzaro2014>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tonutti E, Bizzaro N|title=Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Autoimmun Rev|volume=13|issue=4-5|pages=472–6|date=2014|pmid=24440147|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043|type=Review}}</ref> There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of [[systemic disease|symptoms involving any part of the body]], or no obvious symptoms.<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric /> Coeliac disease was first described in childhood;<ref name=ESPGHAN2012>{{cite journal|vauthors=Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP,(( ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition)) |title=European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease|journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr|volume=54|issue=1|pages=136–60|date=Jan 2012|pmid=22197856|url=http://www.espghan.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines_pdf/Guidelines_2404/European_Society_for_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_.28__1_.pdf|doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0|type=Practice Guideline|quote=Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms}}</ref><ref name=ESPGHAN2012 /> It is associated with other [[autoimmune disease]]s, such as [[diabetes mellitus type 1]] and [[thyroiditis]], among others.
Diagnosis is typically made by a combination of blood antibody tests and intestinal [[tissue biopsy|biopsies]], helped by specific [[genetic testing]].<ref name=NIH2015/> Making the diagnosis is not always straightforward.<ref name=MatthiasPfeiffer2010 /> Frequently, the autoantibodies in the blood are negative<ref name=LewisScott2006>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lewis NR, Scott BB|title=Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)|journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther|volume=24|issue=1|pages=47–54|date=Jul 1, 2006|pmid=16803602|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x/pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x|type=Review}}</ref><ref name=AGA2006 /> and many people have only minor intestinal changes with normal [[intestinal villi|villi]].<ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011 /><ref name=MolinaInfanteSantolaria2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, Fernández-Bañares F|title=Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity|journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther|volume=41|issue=9|pages=807–20|date=May 2015|pmid=25753138|doi=10.1111/apt.13155|type=Review|quote=Furthermore, seronegativity is more common in coeliac disease patients without villous atrophy (Marsh 1-2 lesions), but these ‘minor’ forms of coeliac disease may have similar clinical manifestations to those with villous atrophy and may show similar clinical–histological remission with reversal of haematological or biochemical disturbances on a gluten-free diet (GFD).}}</ref> People may have severe symptoms and be investigated for years before a diagnosis is achieved.<ref name=LudvigssonCard2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ludvigsson JF, Card T, Ciclitira PJ, Swift GL, Nasr I, Sanders DS, Ciacci C|title=Support for patients with celiac disease: A literature review|journal=United European Gastroenterol J|volume=3|issue=2|pages=146–59|date=Apr 2015|pmid=25922674|pmc=4406900|doi=10.1177/2050640614562599|type=Review}}</ref> Increasingly, the diagnosis is being made in [[asymptomatic|people without symptoms]] as a result of [[Screening (medicine)|screening]].<ref name="VanHeelWest">{{cite journal |vauthors=van Heel DA, West J | title = Recent advances in coeliac disease | journal = Gut | volume = 55 | issue = 7 | pages = 1037–46 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16766754 | pmc = 1856316 | doi = 10.1136/gut.2005.075119 | type=Review}}</ref> While the disease is caused by a permanent intolerance to wheat proteins, it is usually classified as different from the other forms of [[wheat allergy]].<ref name=His2006/>
The only known effective treatment is a strict lifelong [[gluten-free diet]], which leads to recovery of the intestinal mucosa, improves symptoms, and reduced risk of developing complications in most people.<ref name=SeeKaukinen2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA|title=Practical insights into gluten-free diets|journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol|volume=12|issue=10|pages=580–91|date=Oct 2015|pmid=26392070|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2015.156|type=Review}}</ref> If untreated it may result in [[cancer]]s such as intestinal [[lymphoma]] and a slight increased risk of early death.<ref name=LebwoholLudvigsson2015>{{cite journal | vauthors =Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH | title = Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | pages = h4347| date = Oct 2015 | pmid = 26438584|pmc= 4596973 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h4347|type= Review|quote=Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide, although most people with the condition are undiagnosed. It can cause a wide variety of symptoms, both intestinal and extra-intestinal because it is a systemic autoimmune disease that is triggered by dietary gluten. Patients with celiac disease are at increased risk of cancer, including a twofold to fourfold increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a more than 30-fold increased risk of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, and they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death.}}</ref> Rates vary between different regions of the world, from as few as 1 in 300 to as many as 1 in 40, with an average of between 1 in 100 and 1 in 170 people.<ref name=NEJM2012>{{cite journal|last1=Fasano|first1=A|last2=Catassi|first2=C|title=Clinical practice. Celiac disease|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=Dec 20, 2012|volume=367|issue=25|pages=2419–26|pmid=23252527|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1113994|type=Review}}</ref> In developed countries, it is estimated that five out of six cases (83%) remain undiagnosed, usually because of non-classic, minimal, or absent complaints.<ref name=LionettiGatti2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lionetti E, Gatti S, Pulvirenti A, Catassi C|title=Celiac disease from a global perspective| journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol|date=Jun 2015|volume= 29|issue= 3|pages= 365–79|pmid=26060103|doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2015.05.004|type=Review}}</ref> Coeliac disease is slightly more common in women than in men.<ref name=His2006>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R | title = Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease | journal = Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | pages = 559–75 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16480395 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x }}</ref> The term "coeliac" is from the Greek κοιλιακός (''koiliakós'', "abdominal") and was introduced in the 19th century in a translation of what is generally regarded as an ancient Greek description of the disease by [[Aretaeus of Cappadocia]].<ref name="Aretaeus">{{Cite book|last=Adams F, translator |title=The extant works of Aretaeus, The Cappadocian |url=https://books.google.com/?id=v4gIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT1&q= |chapter= On The Cœliac Affection |pages=350–1|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4gIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA350#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=12 December 2009 |year=1856 |publisher=Sydenham Society |location=London}}</ref><ref name="Losowsky">{{cite journal | author = Losowsky MS | title = A history of coeliac disease | journal = Dig Dis | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–20 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18431060 | doi = 10.1159/000116768 }}</ref>
The classic symptoms of coeliac disease include pale, loose, and greasy stool ([[steatorrhoea]]) and weight loss or failure to gain weight (in young children). More commonly symptoms are subtle or primarily occur in organs other than the bowel itself.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2013.0835|title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease|journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |year=2013|volume= 110|issue=49|pages= 835-45}}</ref> It is also possible to have coeliac disease without any symptoms whatsoever.<ref name=Lancet2009/> This represents at least in 43% of the cases in children.<ref name=VriezingaSchweizer2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML|title=Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood|journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol|volume=12|issue=9|pages=527–36|date=Sep 2015|pmid=26100369|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98|type=Review}}</ref> Many adults with subtle disease only have fatigue or [[anaemia]].<ref name=VanHeelWest/>
Coeliac disease is associated with a number of other medical conditions, many of which are [[autoimmune disorder]]s: [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[microscopic colitis]], [[ataxia|gluten ataxia]], [[psoriasis]], [[vitiligo]], [[autoimmune hepatitis]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]], and more.<ref name=LundinWijmenga2015 />
[[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies]] to the enzyme [[tissue transglutaminase]] (tTG) are found in the blood of the majority of people with classic symptoms and complete villous atrophy, but only in 70% of the cases with partial villous atrophy and 30% of the cases with minor mucosal lesions.<ref name=LewisScott2006 /> Tissue transglutaminase modifies gluten [[peptide]]s into a form that may stimulate the immune system more effectively.<ref name=VanHeelWest/> These peptides are modified by tTG in two ways, deamidation or transamidation.<ref name=Skovbjerg>{{cite journal |vauthors=Skovbjerg H, Norén O, Anthonsen D, Moller J, Sjöström H | title = Gliadin is a good substrate of several transglutaminases: possible implication in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease | journal = Scand J Gastroenterol | volume = 37 | issue = 7 | pages = 812–7 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12190095 | doi = 10.1080/713786534 }}</ref>
[[Serology|Serological]] blood tests are the first-line investigation required to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease. Its sensitivity correlates with the degree of histological lesions. People who present minor damage of the small intestine may have seronegative findings so many patients with coeliac disease often are missed. In patients with villous atrophy, anti-[[endomysium|endomysial]] (EMA) antibodies of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) type can detect coeliac disease with a [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]] and [[sensitivity and specificity|specificity]] of 90% and 99%, respectively.<ref name="pmid20442390">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Windt DA, Jellema P, Mulder CJ, Kneepkens CM, van der Horst HE |title=Diagnostic testing for celiac disease among patients with abdominal symptoms: a systematic review |journal=[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]] |volume=303 |issue=17 |pages=1738–46 |year=2010 |pmid=20442390 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.549 | quote=Most studies used similar histological criteria for diagnosing celiac disease (Marsh grade ≥III), but the level of damage may vary across populations. Only 4 studies presented the proportion of patients in whom only partial villous atrophy was found (Marsh grade of IIIA), which ranged from 4% to 100%. The presence of positive serum antibodies has been shown to correlate with the degree of villous atrophy, and patients with celiac disease who have less severe histological damage may have seronegative findings. This could be important, especially in primary care, in which levels of mucosal damage may be lower, and consequently, more patients with celiac disease may be missed.}}</ref> [[Serology]] for [[anti-transglutaminase antibodies]] (anti-tTG) was initially reported to have a higher [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]] (99%) and [[sensitivity and specificity|specificity]] (>90%). However, it is now thought to have similar characteristics to anti-endomysial antibody.<ref name="pmid20442390"/> Both anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibodies have high sensitivity to diagnose people with classic symptoms and complete villous atrophy, but they are only found in 30-89% of the cases with partial villous atrophy and in less than 50% of the people who have minor mucosal lesions ([[duodenal lymphocytosis]]) with normal villi.<ref name=LewisScott2006 /><ref name=AGA2006 />
In untreated coeliac disease, villous atrophy is more common in children younger than three years, but in older children and adults, it is common to find minor intestinal lesions ([[duodenal lymphocytosis]]) with normal [[intestinal villi]].<ref name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011 /><ref name=VivasVaquero2015 /><ref name=MolinaInfanteSantolaria2015 /> | 2016-09-30T13:46:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744627377 | '''Sarbaht da bhala''' is the final term in the [[Sikh]] prayer called the [[Ardas]]. The term outline one of the most important of Sikh principles and is a point that is repeated in the Sikh [[Scripture]]s. The Sikh concept of ''sarbaht da bhala'' which means "blessings for everyone" or literally "may everyone prosper". This statement is repeated by all practising Sikhs at least twice daily as part of their [[Nitnem]] (daily prayers). This concept is central to [[Sikhism]] and forms a very important and essential role in the religious philosophy of the [[Sikh Gurus]]. | 2015-03-29T02:29:47Z | '''Sarbaht da bhala''' is the final term in the [[Sikh]] prayer called the [[Ardas]]. The term outlines one of the most important of Sikh principles and is a point that is repeated in the Sikh [[Scripture]]s. The Sikh concept of ''sarbaht da bhala'' which means "blessings for everyone" or literally "may everyone prosper". This statement is repeated by all practising Sikhs at least twice daily as part of their [[Nitnem]] (daily prayers). This concept is central to [[Sikhism]] and forms a very important and essential role in the religious philosophy of the [[Sikh Gurus]]. | 2016-10-16T12:51:11Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744578767 | In March 2016, Gallant caused further outrage and controversy by using the death of Corporal [[Nathan Cirillo]] as a means to generate money for her campaign office, while using the memory of the slain soldier as a platform to spread her unfounded and discredited views.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cirillo-ham-murder-gallant-1.3482222 |title=Tory MP links Cpl. Nathan Cirillo's killing with Easter ham fundraiser |work=CBC News |last=Cochrane |first=David |date=8 March 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2016}}</ref>
In May 2016, Gallant asked an [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] [[lieutenant general]] during a visit to a [[NORAD]] base “how important is it that Canada operates its fifth-generation stealth fighter as part of our commitment to NORAD?” The general informed her that Canada does not have any stealth fighters.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/rcaf-commander-gently-informs-mp-cheryl-gallant-that-canada-doesnt-have-stealth-fighters |title=RCAF commander gently informs MP Cheryl Gallant that Canada doesn’t have stealth fighters |last=Pugliese |first=David |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |date=5 May 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-30T12:13:21Z | In March 2016, Gallant caused further outrage and controversy by using the death of Corporal [[Nathan Cirillo]] as a means to generate money for her campaign office..<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cirillo-ham-murder-gallant-1.3482222 |title=Tory MP links Cpl. Nathan Cirillo's killing with Easter ham fundraiser |work=CBC News |last=Cochrane |first=David |date=8 March 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-16T04:29:49Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744231845 | In 2005, Rachel Crooks was a 22-year-old receptionist at Bayrock Group, a real estate investment and development company in Trump Tower in Manhattan. She claims she encountered Mr. Trump in an elevator in the building one morning and turned to introduce herself. They shook hands, but Mr. Trump would not let go. Instead, he began kissing her cheeks, then directly on the mouth.<ref name="NPR Trump faces accusations" />
"It was so inappropriate," Crooks recalled in an interview. "I was so upset that he thought I was so insignificant that he could do that."<ref name="NPR Trump faces accusations" /> Her story was printed by ''The New York Times'', along with that of Jane Leeds. Trump also categorically disputes Crook's claims.<ref name="NPR List" /> | 2016-10-13T23:09:41Z | In 2005, Rachel Crooks was a 22-year-old receptionist at [[Bayrock Group]], a real estate investment and development company in [[Trump Tower]] in Manhattan. She states she encountered Trump in an elevator in the building one morning and turned to introduce herself. They shook hands, but Mr. Trump would not let go. Instead, he began kissing her cheeks, then directly on the mouth.<ref name="NPR Trump faces accusations" />
"It was so inappropriate," Crooks recalled in an interview. "I was so upset that he thought I was so insignificant that he could do that."<ref name="NPR Trump faces accusations" /> Her story was printed by ''The New York Times'', along with that of Jane Leeds. Trump has categorically disputed Crooks' claims.<ref name="NPR List" /> | 2016-10-13T23:11:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745778524 | Sensitivity therefore quantifies the avoiding of [[false positives and false negatives|false negatives]], and specificity does the same for [[false positives and false negatives|false positives]]. For any test, there is usually a trade-off between the measures - for instance, in [[airport security]] since testing of passengers is for potential threats to safety, scanners may be set to trigger alarms on low-risk items like belt buckles and keys (low specificity), in order to increase the probability of identifying dangerous objects and minimize the risk of missing objects that do pose a threat (high sensitivity). This trade-off can be represented graphically using a [[receiver operating characteristic]] curve. A perfect predictor would be described as 100% sensitive (e.g., all sick individuals are correctly identified as sick) and 100% specific (e.g., no healthy individuals are incorrectly identified as sick); in reality any non-deterministic predictor will possess a minimum [[error bound]] known as the [[Bayes error rate]]. | 2016-10-23T07:23:10Z | Sensitivity therefore quantifies the avoiding of [[false positives and false negatives|false negatives]], and specificity does the same for [[false positives and false negatives|false positives]]. For any test, there is usually a trade-off between the measures - for instance, in [[airport security]] since testing of passengers is for potential threats to safety, scanners may be set to trigger alarms on low-risk items like belt buckles and keys (low specificity), in order to increase the probability of identifying dangerous objects and minimize the risk of missing objects that do pose a threat (high sensitivity). This trade-off can be represented graphically using a [[receiver operating characteristic]] curve. A perfect predictor would be described as 100% sensitive (e.g., all sick individuals are correctly identified as sick) and 100% specific (e.g., no healthy individuals are incorrectly identified as sick); in reality any [[non-deterministic_algorithm|non-deterministic]] predictor will possess a minimum [[error bound]] known as the [[Bayes error rate]]. | 2016-10-23T07:33:55Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746069208 | |Champion=Coaches Poll National Champions<br>Rose Bowl Champions<br>Pac-10 Champions
|BowlTourneyResult=vs. [[1991 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]], W 34–14
The 1991 team was arguably the finest team in school history and split the [[NCAA Division I FBS National Football Championship|national championship]] with the [[1991 Miami Hurricanes football team|Miami Hurricanes]], who were also 12–0, and won the [[AP Poll]] by four votes, while Washington took the coaches' poll by nine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TMgSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EfoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4029%2C287190|newspaper=Spokane Chronicle|title=Stat sheet: football, final polls|date=January 2, 1992|page=E4}}</ref> Washington could not have played Miami in a bowl game because the [[Pac-12 Conference|Pac-10]] champion was bound by contract to play in the [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] against the [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] champion. The Huskies soundly defeated no. 4 [[1991 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]] 34–14 in the [[1992 Rose Bowl]]; the final score differential was narrowed by a late touchdown by [[Tyrone Wheatley]] of Michigan. With a minute remaining in the game, Washington was on the Michigan five-yard line, but opted to stay on the ground and run out the clock with the third-string quarterback leading the offense.<ref name=uw1992>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bqBfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-DEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2435%2C328061|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|agency=Associated Press|title=Huskies crush Michigan 34-14|date=January 2, 1992|page=1B}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T03:51:46Z | |Champion=Coaches Poll national champion<br>Pac-10 champion<br>Rose Bowl champion
|BowlTourneyResult=W 34–14 vs. [[1991 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]]
The 1991 team was arguably the finest team in school history and split the [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|national championship]] with the [[1991 Miami Hurricanes football team|Miami Hurricanes]], who were also 12–0, and won the [[AP Poll]] by four votes, while Washington took the coaches' poll by nine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TMgSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EfoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4029%2C287190|newspaper=Spokane Chronicle|title=Stat sheet: football, final polls|date=January 2, 1992|page=E4}}</ref> Washington could not have played Miami in a bowl game because the [[Pac-12 Conference|Pac-10]] champion was bound by contract to play in the [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] against the [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] champion. The Huskies soundly defeated no. 4 [[1991 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]] 34–14 in the [[1992 Rose Bowl]]; the final score differential was narrowed by a late touchdown by [[Tyrone Wheatley]] of Michigan. With a minute remaining in the game, Washington was on the Michigan five-yard line, but opted to stay on the ground and run out the clock with the third-string quarterback leading the offense.<ref name=uw1992>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bqBfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-DEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2435%2C328061|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|agency=Associated Press|title=Huskies crush Michigan 34-14|date=January 2, 1992|page=1B}}</ref> | 2016-10-25T02:47:02Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741570919 | [[File:2010 BMW 528i (F10) sedan 01.jpg|thumbnail|left|BMW 528i sedan (Australia)]] | 2016-09-28T09:36:45Z | [[File:2010 BMW 528i (F10) sedan 01.jpg|thumbnail|left|BMW 528i]] | 2016-09-28T09:37:05Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743438458 | The "Holy Club" started in November of 1729 when John Wesley went to live at Oxford. When he came to reside there, three of his friends along with himself agreed to spend three or four evenings together, every week. Their intention was to "read over" (skim through and discuss) the classics together, which they had already read before privately and to read a book about divinity on Sundays. Charles Wesley, John's brother, was one of the four individuals making up this small cell group (old fashioned cottage meeting). <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = The Works of John Wesley, Third Edition Complete and Unabridged, Vol. 1 Journals from Oct. 14, 1735 to Nov. 29, 1745; Introductory Letter|last = Wesley|first = John|publisher = Baker Books; Grand Rapids, MI|year =|isbn =|location =|pages =}}</ref>
The actual title of "The Holy Club" was not a name which any of the members came up with, but rather was a title bestowed upon them (most likely as an insult by those trying to mock, ridicule, and make fun of them). <ref name=":0" /> | 2016-10-07T18:58:40Z | The "Holy Club" started in November of 1729 when John Wesley went to live at Oxford. When he came to reside there, three of his friends along with himself agreed to spend three or four evenings together, every week. Their intention was to "read over" (skim through and discuss) the classics together, which they had already read before privately and to read a book about divinity on Sundays. Charles Wesley, John's brother, was one of the four individuals making up this small [[cell group]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = The Works of John Wesley, Third Edition Complete and Unabridged, Vol. 1 Journals from Oct. 14, 1735 to Nov. 29, 1745; Introductory Letter|last = Wesley|first = John|publisher = Baker Books; Grand Rapids, MI|year =|isbn =|location =|pages =}}</ref>
The actual title of "The Holy Club" was not a name which any of the members came up with, but rather was a title bestowed upon them (most likely as an insult by those trying to mock, ridicule, and make fun of them).<ref name=":0" /> | 2016-10-09T17:26:34Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744897722 | As of September 2016, Rouse has begun an internal renovation of the mall. Many smaller tenants have vacated. Dave & Buster's, a popular family eating and entertainment establishment is planning on being a new comer to the mall, which should add much needed attention to the mall. | 2016-10-12T17:42:52Z | As of September 2016, Rouse has begun an internal renovation of the mall. Many smaller tenants have vacated. Dave & Buster's, a family eating and entertainment establishment is planning on being a new tenant. | 2016-10-18T03:33:36Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745621382 | ==Historical country-specific use==
=== Bulgaria ===
''Ivan'' was the name of several Bulgarian [[tsar]]s:
*[[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]]
*[[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]]
*[[Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen II]]
*[[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]]
*[[Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria|Ivan Shishman]]
*[[Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria|Ivan Stephen]]
*[[Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria|Ivan Stratsimir]]
*[[Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria|Ivan Vladislav]]
Other Bulgarians
*Ivan Rilski ([[John of Rila]]), national saint and hermit
=== Croatia ===
''Ivan'' was the name of many Croatian [[Ban of Croatia|ban]]s:
* [[John Horvat|Ivan Horvat]] - ban in years 1376 to 1381, and 1385–86, killer of Hungarian regent [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]]
* [[John of Palisna|Ivan od Paližne]] - ban in years 1385–86
* [[Ivan Bot]] - ban in 1493
* [[Ivan Mažuranić]] - ban from 1873 to 1880, and a famous poet
=== Russia ===
''Ivan'' was the name of several [[Russia]]n [[tsar]]s throughout history:
*[[Ivan I of Russia|Ivan I, "The Moneybag"]]
*[[Ivan II of Russia|Ivan II, "The Fair"]]
*[[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III, "The Great"]]
*[[Ivan IV of Russia|Ivan IV, "The Terrible"]]
*[[Ivan V of Russia|Ivan V]]
*[[Ivan VI of Russia|Ivan VI]]
=== Ukraine ===
''Ivan'' was the name of numerous [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hetman]]s and other cossacks leaders
* [[Ivan Pidkova]] - zaporizhian cossacks leader, [[moldavia]]n hospodar in 1577–1578 years
* [[Ivan Sulyma]] - [[hetman]] in 1633–1635 years
* [[Ivan Bohun]] - [[colonel]] of Zaporozhian Army in 1648-1664 years; close associate and friend of [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]
* [[Ivan Mazepa]] - [[hetman]] of Zaporozhian Army of both sides of Dnipro in 1687–1709 years
* [[Ivan Sirko]] - the most famous cossacks' leader; kosh's otaman of Zaporozhian Army in 1663—1664 and 1673–1680 years, wins in 65 fights, never defeated, is said to be kharakternyk (magician), was called by tartars and Turks as "urus shaitan" - the devil of Rus'-Ukraine; signed the [[Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]] to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire in 1676 year | 2016-10-22T07:44:37Z | ==Notable people==
===Royalty===
*[[Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria|Ivan Vladislav]], Bulgarian emperor (1015–18)
*[[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]], Bulgarian emperor (1189–96)
*Ivan II or [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]], Bulgarian emperor (1197–1207)
*[[Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen II]], Bulgarian emperor (1218–41)
*[[Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria|Ivan Stephen]], Bulgarian emperor (1330–31)
*[[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]], Bulgarian emperor (1331–71)
*[[Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria|Ivan Shishman]], Bulgarian emperor in Tarnovo (1371–95)
*[[Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria|Ivan Stratsimir]], Bulgarian emperor in Vidin (1356–96)
*[[Ivan I of Russia|Ivan I, "The Moneybag"]], Grand Duke of Moscow (1325–40)
*[[Ivan II of Russia|Ivan II, "The Fair"]], Grand Duke of Moscow (1353–59)
*[[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III, "The Great"]], Grand Prince of Moscow (1462–1505)
*[[Ivan IV of Russia|Ivan IV, "The Terrible"]], Russian emperor (1547–84)
*[[Ivan V of Russia|Ivan V]], Russian emperor (1682–96)
*[[Ivan VI of Russia|Ivan VI]], Russian emperor (1740–41)
===Nobility===
* [[John Horvat]] (''Ivan Horvat'', d. 1394), Hungarian-Croatian nobleman, Ban of Macsó (1376–81, and 1385–86)
* [[John of Palisna]] (''Ivan od Paližne'', d. 1391), Hungarian-Croatian nobleman, Ban of Croatia (1385–86)
* [[Ivan Bot]], Hungarian-Croatian nobleman, Ban of Croatia (1493)
* [[Ivan Mažuranić]], Austro-Hungarian nobleman, Ban of Croatia (1873–80), and poet
* [[Ivan Pidkova]], Cossack leader
* [[Ivan Sulyma]], Cossack leader
* [[Ivan Bohun]], Cossack leader
* [[Ivan Mazepa]], Cossack leader
* [[Ivan Sirko]], Cossack leader
===Clergy===
*[[John of Rila]] (''Ivan Rilski''), Orthodox hermit, Bulgarian patron saint | 2016-10-22T07:47:32Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743147984 | '''Randal Keith''' "'''Randy'''" '''Orton'''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Orton|title=Randy Orton|url=http://randy-orton.com/facts/|website=Randy Orton|accessdate=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intelius.com/?PHPSESSID=4cc15687d86a9ebc61ecfe0adaaf7fbf|publisher=Intelius People Search|title=Name search engine|accessdate=May 1, 2009}}</ref><ref name="alumni">{{cite web|url=http://204.184.47.9/~sboerner/central/alumni/1998.html|title=Hazelwood Central Alumni — Class of 1998|publisher=Hazelwood Central Alumni|accessdate=August 17, 2007}}</ref> (born April 1, 1980)<ref name="pwhof"/><ref name="slam"/> is an American [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and actor who is signed with [[WWE]], where he is a member of the ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' brand. He is a 12-time [[Professional wrestling championship#World championships|world champion]],<ref>[http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/2014/roman-reigns-randy-orton-26525373 Michael Burdock of WWE.com] 4 August 2014: "the '''12-time World Champion''' would fire back"</ref><ref>[http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2015-03-09/whats-in-store-for-randy-orton-27183718 What’s in store for Randy Orton?] 9 March 2015:"Would they dump Rollins in favor of the '''12-time World Champion'''?"</ref> having held the [[WWE World Heavyweight Championship|WWE Championship/WWE World Heavyweight Championship]] eight times and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]] four times, and was the final holder of the World Heavyweight Championship.<ref>[http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/retired-championships WWE.com: Retired Championships]</ref> | 2016-10-03T15:54:57Z | '''Randal Keith''' "'''Randy'''" '''Orton'''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Orton|title=Randy Orton|url=http://randy-orton.com/facts/|website=Randy Orton|accessdate=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intelius.com/?PHPSESSID=4cc15687d86a9ebc61ecfe0adaaf7fbf|publisher=Intelius People Search|title=Name search engine|accessdate=May 1, 2009}}</ref><ref name="alumni">{{cite web|url=http://204.184.47.9/~sboerner/central/alumni/1998.html|title=Hazelwood Central Alumni — Class of 1998|publisher=Hazelwood Central Alumni|accessdate=August 17, 2007}}</ref> (born April 1, 1980)<ref name="pwhof"/><ref name="slam"/> is an American [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and actor who is signed with [[WWE]], where he is a member of the ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' brand. He is a 12-time [[Professional wrestling championship#World championships|world champion]],<ref>[http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/2014/roman-reigns-randy-orton-26525373 Michael Burdock of WWE.com] 4 August 2014: "the '''12-time World Champion''' would fire back"</ref><ref>[http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2015-03-09/whats-in-store-for-randy-orton-27183718 What’s in store for Randy Orton?] 9 March 2015:"Would they dump Rollins in favor of the '''12-time World Champion'''?"</ref> having held the [[WWE World Championship]] eight times and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]] four times, and was the final holder of the World Heavyweight Championship.<ref>[http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/retired-championships WWE.com: Retired Championships]</ref> | 2016-10-08T04:03:25Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743276500 | Col George A. H. Blake | 2016-08-15T12:27:00Z | Col [[George A. H. Blake]] | 2016-10-08T23:00:12Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746037794 | }}</ref>. This study also indicated that differences in tetranucleotide usage patterns can be used to identify genes (or metagenomic reads) originating from specific habitats. Additionally some methods as TriageTools<ref name="Fimereli2013"/> or Compareads<ref name="Maillet2013"/> detect similar reads between two read sets. The similarity measure they apply on reads is based on a number of identical words of length ''k'' shared by pairs of reads. | 2016-10-24T22:32:19Z | }}</ref>. This latter study also indicated that differences in tetranucleotide usage patterns can be used to identify genes (or metagenomic reads) originating from specific habitats. Additionally some methods as TriageTools<ref name="Fimereli2013"/> or Compareads<ref name="Maillet2013"/> detect similar reads between two read sets. The similarity measure they apply on reads is based on a number of identical words of length ''k'' shared by pairs of reads. | 2016-10-24T22:37:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744572320 | A lot of people believe Trohman is in a romantic relationship with Fall Out Boy's drummer Andrew "Andy" John Hurley, although he is not. He is in fact in a relationship with lead singer Patrick Stump, having been married since 2009 (just around the same time Ryan Ross left popular American emo band Panic! At The Disco). Thus learning about the marriage, fans continued to call the couple Joetrick and thousands of fanfictions with that tag exist today. | 2016-10-16T03:14:21Z | A lot of people think that Trohman is in a romantic and sexual relationship with lead singer of Fall Out Boy, Patrick Stumph, but this is just not true. Trohman has actually been married to the drummer of the band, Andy Hurley, since 2007, the same year the band released the album, "Infinity On High" leaving the fans to say Trohley is the only true ship and Joetrick, is not real.
In fact, Stumph is actually married to bassist of band, Peyr Wentz. | 2016-10-16T03:20:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743913719 | What begins as a hopeful journey by illegal aliens looking to seek a better life by breaking the law and crossing the US border quickly becomes a fight for survival, when the men and woman are chased across the desert terrain by a heroic rifle-toting vigilante. <ref>Justin Chang, [http://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/toronto-film-review-desierto-1201595641/ "Toronto Film Review: ‘Desierto’,"] ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', September 17, 2015.</ref>
* [[Juan Valdez]] as Pepe | 2016-10-12T00:32:21Z | What begins as a hopeful journey by Mexican migrant workers looking to seek a better life by crossing the US border quickly becomes a fight for survival, when the unarmed men and women are chased across the desert terrain by a merciless rifle-toting vigilante.<ref>Justin Chang, [http://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/toronto-film-review-desierto-1201595641/ "Toronto Film Review: ‘Desierto’,"] ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', September 17, 2015.</ref>
===Critical response===
On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has a rating of 54%, based on 28 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/desierto/ | title=Desierto | work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher=[[Flixster]] | accessdate=7 June 2016}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 49 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/desierto |title=Desierto reviews |website=Metacritic |accessdate=7 June 2016}}</ref>
| 2016-10-12T00:39:35Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741874334 | On September 27, 2016, Barbour appeared on the syndicated radio program ''Coast to Coast AM''. Halfway through the interview, his language became so profane that the host, George Noory, concluded their conversation.<ref name="Coast to Coast 2016"/> | 2016-09-30T05:46:42Z | On September 27, 2016, Barbour appeared on the syndicated radio program ''[[Coast to Coast AM]]''. Halfway through the interview, his language became so profane that the host, George Noory, concluded their conversation.<ref name="Coast to Coast 2016"/> | 2016-09-30T05:49:42Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741864791 | '''4th Civil Affairs Group''' ('''4th CAG''') is a [[Civil Affairs|civil affairs]] (CA) unit of the [[United States Marine Corps]]. It is based in Hialeah, FL. For information on 4th CAG prior to 2012, see 2D CAG, which was formed out of the original 4th CAG in Washington D.C.<ref name=CAA>{{cite web|accessdate=2007-08-30
|publisher=Civil Affairs Association
|url=http://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/caunits.htm
|title=Our Nations Civil Affairs Units
|year=2002 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070824043504/http://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/caunits.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-08-24}} This webpage listed locations of civil affairs units throughout the United States.</ref> It is one of only four civil affairs groups in the Marine Corps, all of which are [[Marine Forces Reserve|reserve units]]. 4th CAG was the first civil affairs group in the Marine Corps and mostly supports [[II MEF]]. | 2016-09-10T08:48:25Z | '''4th Civil Affairs Group''' ('''4th CAG''') is a [[Civil Affairs|civil affairs]] (CA) unit of the [[United States Marine Corps]]. It is based in Hialeah, FL. For information on 4th CAG prior to 2012, see 2D CAG, which was formed out of the original 4th CAG in Washington D.C.<ref name=CAA>{{cite web
|accessdate=2007-08-30
|publisher=Civil Affairs Association
|url=http://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/caunits.htm
|title=Our Nations Civil Affairs Units
|year=2002
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824043504/http://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/caunits.htm
|archivedate=2007-08-24
|deadurl=no
|df=
}} This webpage listed locations of civil affairs units throughout the United States.</ref> It is one of only four civil affairs groups in the Marine Corps, all of which are [[Marine Forces Reserve|reserve units]]. 4th CAG was the first civil affairs group in the Marine Corps and mostly supports [[II MEF]]. | 2016-09-30T04:02:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742846560 | Married to an American partner of Banco Icatu, Alden Brewster, she is the mother of actress [[Jordana Brewster]], with whom she starred in an advertising campaign in the [[United States]] in 2015,<ref>{{citar web|url=http://cinema.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2015/04/21/so-falo-em-portugues-com-ela-diz-mae-brasileira-de-atriz-de-velozes.htm|title="Só falo em português com ela"|last=Branco Cruz|first=Felipe|publisher=UOL Notícias|acess date=April 23, 2015|language=Portuguese}}</ref> and lives in [[New York City]] with her family.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jordana Brewster aproveita dia na praia de Copacabana|url=http://www.pop.com.br/mundopop/noticias/celebridades/411129-Jordana_Brewster_aproveita_dia_na_praia_de_Copacabana.html|publisher=Pop|accessdate=April 30, 2014|language=Portuguese}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T03:54:40Z | Married to an American partner of Banco Icatu, Alden Brewster, she is the mother of actress [[Jordana Brewster]], with whom she starred in an advertising campaign in the [[United States]] in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2015/04/21/so-falo-em-portugues-com-ela-diz-mae-brasileira-de-atriz-de-velozes.htm|title="Só falo em português com ela"|last=Branco Cruz|first=Felipe|publisher=UOL Notícias|access-date=April 23, 2015|language=Portuguese}}</ref> and lives in [[New York City]] with her family.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jordana Brewster aproveita dia na praia de Copacabana|url=http://www.pop.com.br/mundopop/noticias/celebridades/411129-Jordana_Brewster_aproveita_dia_na_praia_de_Copacabana.html|publisher=Pop|accessdate=April 30, 2014|language=Portuguese}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T04:49:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744794725 | Hall had a nearly 30-year relationship with songwriter [[Sara Allen]] (the inspiration for the song "Sara Smile", and a frequent collaborator with Hall & Oates) which ended in 2001 for undisclosed reasons. They were never married. Sara Allen briefly appears in a May 2016 episode of ''Live from Daryl's House'' as Hall introduces her as "the Sara from Sara Smile," to Wyclef Jean. The episode was first broadcast in May of 2016. | 2016-10-17T13:21:41Z | Hall had a nearly 30-year relationship with songwriter [[Sara Allen]] (the inspiration for the song "Sara Smile", and a frequent collaborator with Hall & Oates) which ended in 2001 for undisclosed reasons. They were never married. The two have remained friendly, and Allen briefly appears in a May 2016 episode of ''Live from Daryl's House''. | 2016-10-17T13:30:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741766800 | The '''26th [[TCA Awards]]''' were presented by the [[Television Critics Association]]. [[Dax Shepard]] hosted the ceremony on July 31, 2010, at the [[Beverly Hilton Hotel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvcritics.org/2010/06/04/the-television-critics-association-announces-2010-tca-awards-nominees/|title=The Television Critics Association Announces 2010 TCA Awards Nominees |date=June 4, 2010 |publisher=[[Television Critics Association]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/breaking-down-the-television-critics-association-awards-nominations|title=Breaking down the Television Critics Association Awards nominations|date=June 3, 2010 |publisher=[[HitFix]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvcritics.org/2010/07/31/the-television-critics-association-announces-2010-tca-awards-winners/|title=The Television Critics Association Announces 2010 TCA Awards Winners |date=July 31, 2010 |publisher=[[Television Critics Association]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/glee-dominates-television-critics-association-awards|title='Glee' dominates Television Critics Association Awards|date=August 1, 2010 |publisher=[[HitFix]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref> | 2016-06-04T13:27:27Z | The '''26th [[TCA Awards]]''' were presented by the [[Television Critics Association]]. [[Dax Shepard]] hosted the ceremony on July 31, 2010, at the [[Beverly Hilton Hotel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvcritics.org/2010/06/04/the-television-critics-association-announces-2010-tca-awards-nominees/ |title=The Television Critics Association Announces 2010 TCA Awards Nominees |date=June 4, 2010 |publisher=[[Television Critics Association]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613113917/http://tvcritics.org/2010/06/04/the-television-critics-association-announces-2010-tca-awards-nominees/ |archivedate=June 13, 2011 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/breaking-down-the-television-critics-association-awards-nominations|title=Breaking down the Television Critics Association Awards nominations|date=June 3, 2010 |publisher=[[HitFix]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvcritics.org/2010/07/31/the-television-critics-association-announces-2010-tca-awards-winners/|title=The Television Critics Association Announces 2010 TCA Awards Winners |date=July 31, 2010 |publisher=[[Television Critics Association]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/whats-alan-watching/posts/glee-dominates-television-critics-association-awards|title='Glee' dominates Television Critics Association Awards|date=August 1, 2010 |publisher=[[HitFix]] |accessdate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref> | 2016-09-29T14:53:56Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744943503 | [[Image:Guitar picks-KayEss-1.jpeg|thumbnail|right|200px|Various guitar picks. Clockwise from top: A standard nylon pick; An imitation tortoise-shell pick; A plastic pick with high friction coating (black areas); A stainless steel pick; A pick approximating a [[Reuleaux triangle]]; and a Tortex "shark's fin" pick]]
[[Image:Volkswagen Bus Pick Guitar.JPG|thumb|righ|100px|A guitar pick with a custom drawing]]
Musicians have used plectrums to play stringed instruments for thousands of years.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 11-12">Hoover, ''pp. 11-12''.</ref> [[Quill|Feather quills]] were likely the first standardized plectra and became widely used until the late 19th century. At that point, the shift towards what became the superior plectrum material took place; the outer shell casing of an [[Hawksbill sea turtle|Atlantic hawksbill sea turtle]], which would colloquially be referred to as tortoiseshell.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 11-12"/> Other alternatives had come and gone, but tortoiseshell provided the best combination of tonal sound and physical flexibility for plucking a taut string.<ref name="pickcollecting.presspublisher.us">Bouchard, Brian. “Tortoise Shell Guitar Picks.” Pick Collecting Quarterly. Accessed March 5, 2013. http://pickcollecting.presspublisher.us/issue/summer-2010/article/tortoise-shell-guitar-picks.</ref> Prior to the 1920s most guitar players used thumb and finger picks (used for the [[banjo]] or [[mandolin]]) when looking for something to play their guitar with, but with the rise of musician [[Nick Lucas]], the use of a flat “plectrum style guitar pick” became popular.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 22-23''.</ref>
There have been many innovations in the design of the guitar pick. Most of these were born out of the issue of guitar picks slipping and flying out of the hand of the player.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 26''.</ref> In 1896, a Cincinnati man (Frederick Wahl) affixed 2 rubber disks to either side of a mandolin pick, which made it the first popular solution to the problem.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 27''.</ref> Over the next two decades more innovations were made, such as corrugating the rounded surface of the pick or drilling a hole through the center to fit the pad of a player’s thumb.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 29">Hoover, ''p. 29''.</ref> A more notable improvement was attaching [[Cork (material)|cork]] to the wide part of the pick, a solution first patented by Richard Carpenter and Thomas Towner of Oakland in 1917.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 29"/> Some of these new designs made picks undesirably expensive. Eventually, pickers realized that all they needed was something to sink their fingerprints into so the pick wouldn't slip, such as a [[Seal (emblem)|high relief imprinted logo]]. [[Celluloid]] was a material on which this could easily be done.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 30''.</ref>
Tony D’Andrea was the one of the first people to use celluloid to produce and sell guitar picks. In 1902 he came upon a sidewalk sale offering some sheets of tortoise shell colored cellulose nitrate plastic and dies, and eventually he would discover that the small pieces of celluloid he punched out with the [[Die (manufacturing)|dies]] were ideal for picking stringed instruments.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 31-33''.</ref> From the 1920s through the 1950s, D’Andrea Manufacturing would dominate the world’s international pick market, providing to major businesses such as [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson]], [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation|Fender]], and [[C. F. Martin & Company|Martin]].<ref>Hoover, ''p. 33''.</ref> One of the main reasons celluloid was so popular as guitar pick material was that it very closely imitated the sound and flexibility of a tortoise shell guitar pick. The practice of using Hawksbill turtles for their shells would become illegal in 1973 as a provision of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([[CITES]]), forcing musicians to find something else to pick with.<ref name="pickcollecting.presspublisher.us"/>
Musicians had been partial to shell picks, and when D’Andrea provided an alternative, D’Andrea Manufacturing became very successful and gained renown as the guitar pick of choice through the 1960s.<ref>“D’Andrea USA History.” D’Andrea USA. Accessed March 5, 2013. http://www.dandreausa.com/history.html.</ref> Celluloid provided a good alternative in many ways. Tortoise shell was rare, expensive, and had a tendency to break. Celluloid was made from [[cellulose]], one of the most abundant raw materials in the world, and [[nitrocellulose]] combined with [[camphor]] under heat and pressure produced celluloid. Though originally meant as a replacement for [[Billiard ball|ivory billiard balls]], celluloid began being used for many things for its flexibility, durability, and relative inexpensiveness, making it a natural candidate as a material for guitar picks.<ref>Hoover ''pp. 16-18''.</ref> Later, other materials, such as nylon and less popularly wood, glass, or metal would become popular for making guitar picks for their increased grip, flexibility, or tonal qualities.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 9-12''.</ref>
Pick shapes started with guitarists shaping bone, shell, wood, cuttlebone, metal, amber, stone or ivory to get the desired shape. Most of today's guitar pick shapes were created by the company that made the first plastic pick in 1922, [[D'Andrea Picks]].
Playing guitar with a pick produces a bright sound compared to plucking with the fingertip. Picks also offer a greater contrast in tone across different plucking locations; for example, the difference in brightness between plucking close to the bridge and close to the neck is much greater when using a pick compared to a fingertip.<ref>http://leaningdoormusic.blogspot.com/2011/02/life-of-strings-day-8.html</ref> Conversely, the many playing techniques that involve the fingers, such as those found in [[fingerstyle guitar]], [[Slapping (music)|slapping]], [[classical guitar]], and [[flamenco guitar]], can also yield an extremely broad variety of tones.
[[Image:Pick thickness.jpg|thumb|200px|An extra heavy pick 2 mm thick]]
Picks made out of steel produce a much brighter sound than plastic. They do however wear the strings quickly{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} and can easily damage the finish on the guitar if used for strumming, especially on acoustic guitars. Some metal picks are even made from coins, which give players a unique tone as the alloys used in various coinage from around the world vary greatly.<ref>[http://kkguitar.com/guitar-picks/ "Guitar Plectrum"], "Keen Kord Guitar"</ref>
* '''[[Carbon Fiber]]''' is also used by PickHeaven,<ref name="World’s Thinnest Guitar Pick">{{cite web|title=World’s Thinnest Guitar Pick|url=http://pickheaven.com/products/worlds-thinnest-guitar-pick-0-2-mm|website=PickHeaven.com|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Dunlop and RJL guitars to make guitar picks. These picks are extremely durable<ref>{{cite web|title=Dunlop Max-Grip Jazz III Picks|url=http://www.jimdunlop.com/product/max-grip-jazz-III|accessdate=8 April 2013}}</ref> and have an extremely high stiffness-to-weight ratio. The world's thinnest guitar pick is made from carbon fiber and has a thickness of 0.2 mm.<ref name="World’s Thinnest Guitar Pick"/>
* '''[[Polyamide-imide]]''' is a material often used in aerospace applications as replacement for metallic alloys. Picks made of this material have low friction on the strings and high durability, and they are produced by Dragon's Heart Guitar Picks.
*[[File:Bulletproof Pick.jpg|thumb|Bulletproof Pick by PickHeaven is made of SRPP.]][[Self-reinforced Polypropylene|'''SRPP''']] ('''[[Self-reinforced Polypropylene]]''') is a very light weight thermoplastic material with high impact resistance properties. It is currently being used by PickHeaven in their Bulletproof Pick.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pickheaven.com/products/bulletproof-pick|title=Bulletproof Pick|website=Pick Heaven|access-date=2016-03-21}}</ref>
== Innovations ==
Some picks are made of semi-precious gemstones including jasper, tiger eye, jade, quartz, and others{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}.
Some picks are constructed of compound layers of plastic, connected to form a flexible central section{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}, allowing the guitarist to adjust the pick tip's flexibility by applying various pressure to this central section: a hard grip yields hard pick (thicker one) to play lead, a soft grip yields soft pick (thinner one) to play rhythm.
A few picks are constructed of a handblown borosilicate glass that can double as a guitar slide{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}.
[[D'Andrea Picks]] was the first company to create custom pick imprinting in 1938, allowing customers to order imprinting up to 12 block letters. One of the first to make the player imprint popular was guitarist Nick Lucas in the early 1930s.<ref name="saga-imprints">Hoover, ''pp. 84–85''.</ref>
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}} | 2016-10-18T10:55:18Z | [[File:Guitar picks-KayEss-1.jpeg|thumbnail|right|200px|Various guitar picks. Clockwise from top: A standard nylon pick; An imitation tortoise-shell pick; A plastic pick with high friction coating (black areas); A stainless steel pick; A pick approximating a [[Reuleaux triangle]]; and a Tortex "shark's fin" pick]]
[[File:Volkswagen Bus Pick Guitar.JPG|thumb|right|100px|A guitar pick with a custom drawing]]
Musicians have used plectrums to play stringed instruments for thousands of years.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 11-12">Hoover, ''pp. 11-12''.</ref> [[Quill|Feather quills]] were likely the first standardized plectra and became widely used until the late 19th century. At that point, the shift towards what became the superior plectrum material took place; the outer shell casing of an [[Hawksbill sea turtle|Atlantic hawksbill sea turtle]], which would colloquially be referred to as tortoiseshell.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 11-12"/> Other alternatives had come and gone, but tortoiseshell provided the best combination of tonal sound and physical flexibility for plucking a taut string.<ref name="pickcollecting.presspublisher.us">Bouchard, Brian. [http://pickcollecting.presspublisher.us/issue/summer-2010/article/tortoise-shell-guitar-picks "Tortoise Shell Guitar Picks."] ''Pick Collecting Quarterly''. Accessed March 5, 2013.</ref> Prior to the 1920s most guitar players used thumb and finger picks (used for the [[banjo]] or [[mandolin]]) when looking for something to play their guitar with, but with the rise of musician [[Nick Lucas]], the use of a flat "plectrum style guitar pick" became popular.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 22-23''.</ref>
There have been many innovations in the design of the guitar pick. Most of these were born out of the issue of guitar picks slipping and flying out of the hand of the player.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 26''.</ref> In 1896, a Cincinnati man (Frederick Wahl) affixed two rubber disks to either side of a mandolin pick, which made it the first popular solution to the problem.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 27''.</ref> Over the next two decades more innovations were made, such as corrugating the rounded surface of the pick or drilling a hole through the center to fit the pad of a player's thumb.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 29">Hoover, ''p. 29''.</ref> A more notable improvement was attaching [[Cork (material)|cork]] to the wide part of the pick, a solution first patented by Richard Carpenter and Thomas Towner of Oakland in 1917.<ref name="Hoover, William 1995. P. 29"/> Some of these new designs made picks undesirably expensive. Eventually, pickers realized that all they needed was something to sink their fingerprints into so the pick wouldn't slip, such as a [[Seal (emblem)|high relief imprinted logo]]. [[Celluloid]] was a material on which this could easily be done.<ref>Hoover, ''p. 30''.</ref>
Tony D'Andrea was the one of the first people to use celluloid to produce and sell guitar picks. In 1902 he came upon a sidewalk sale offering some sheets of tortoise shell colored cellulose nitrate plastic and dies, and eventually he would discover that the small pieces of celluloid he punched out with the [[Die (manufacturing)|dies]] were ideal for picking stringed instruments.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 31-33''.</ref> From the 1920s through the 1950s, D'Andrea Manufacturing would dominate the world's international pick market, providing to major businesses such as [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson]], [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation|Fender]], and [[C. F. Martin & Company|Martin]].<ref>Hoover, ''p. 33''.</ref> One of the main reasons celluloid was so popular as guitar pick material was that it very closely imitated the sound and flexibility of a tortoise shell guitar pick. The practice of using Hawksbill turtles for their shells would become illegal in 1973 as a provision of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([[CITES]]), forcing musicians to find something else to pick with.<ref name="pickcollecting.presspublisher.us"/>
Musicians had been partial to shell picks, and when D'Andrea provided an alternative, D'Andrea Manufacturing became very successful and gained renown as the guitar pick of choice through the 1960s.<ref>[http://www.dandreausa.com/history.html "D'Andrea USA History."] D'Andrea USA. Accessed March 5, 2013. {{better source|date=October 2016}}</ref> Celluloid provided a good alternative in many ways. Tortoise shell was rare, expensive, and had a tendency to break. Celluloid was made from [[cellulose]], one of the most abundant raw materials in the world, and [[nitrocellulose]] combined with [[camphor]] under heat and pressure produced celluloid. Though originally meant as a replacement for [[Billiard ball|ivory billiard balls]], celluloid began being used for many things for its flexibility, durability, and relative inexpensiveness, making it a natural candidate as a material for guitar picks.<ref>Hoover ''pp. 16-18''.</ref> Later, other materials, such as nylon and less popularly wood, glass, or metal would become popular for making guitar picks for their increased grip, flexibility, or tonal qualities.<ref>Hoover, ''pp. 9-12''.</ref>
Pick shapes started with guitarists shaping bone, shell, wood, cuttlebone, metal, amber, stone or ivory to get the desired shape. Most of today's guitar pick shapes were created by the company that made the first plastic pick in 1922, [[D'Andrea Picks]].{{cn|date=October 2016}}
[[D'Andrea Picks]] was the first company to create custom pick imprinting in 1938, allowing customers to order imprinting up to 12 block letters. One of the first to make the player imprint popular was guitarist Nick Lucas in the early 1930s.<ref name="saga-imprints">Hoover, ''pp. 84–85''.</ref>
Playing guitar with a pick produces a bright sound compared to plucking with the fingertip. Picks also offer a greater contrast in tone across different plucking locations; for example, the difference in brightness between plucking close to the bridge and close to the neck is much greater when using a pick compared to a fingertip.<ref>[http://leaningdoormusic.blogspot.com/2011/02/life-of-strings-day-8.html]{{better source|date=October 2016}}</ref> Conversely, the many playing techniques that involve the fingers, such as those found in [[fingerstyle guitar]], [[Slapping (music)|slapping]], [[classical guitar]], and [[flamenco guitar]], can also yield an extremely broad variety of tones.
[[File:Pick thickness.jpg|thumb|200px|An extra heavy pick 2 mm thick]]
Picks made out of steel produce a much brighter sound than plastic. They do however wear the strings quickly{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} and can easily damage the finish on the guitar if used for strumming, especially on acoustic guitars. Some metal picks are even made from coins, which give players a unique tone as the alloys used in various coinage from around the world vary greatly.<ref>[http://kkguitar.com/guitar-picks/ "Guitar Plectrum"], "Keen Kord Guitar"{{better source|date=October 2016}}</ref>
* '''[[Carbon Fiber]]''' is also used by PickHeaven, Dunlop and RJL guitars to make guitar picks. These picks are extremely durable and have an extremely high stiffness-to-weight ratio. The world's thinnest guitar pick is made from carbon fiber and has a thickness of 0.2 mm.,<ref name="World's Thinnest Guitar Pick">{{cite web|title=World's Thinnest Guitar Pick|url=http://pickheaven.com/products/worlds-thinnest-guitar-pick-0-2-mm|website=PickHeaven.com|accessdate=4 March 2016}}{{better source|date=October 2016}}</ref>
* '''[[Polyamide-imide]]''' is a material often used in aerospace applications as replacement for metallic alloys. Picks made of this material have low friction on the strings and high durability.
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}} | 2016-10-18T11:11:55Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745016910 | Sometime in early 1970, Ohtsuka asked Shintani to officially call his style Wadō-ryū, and asked Shintani to continue to develop Wadō-ryū in Canada. In 1979, Ohtsuka presented Shintani with his 8th dan, and also gave him a post-dated 9th dan certificate for the future.<ref name="JOAMA2006" /> At the same time and appointed Shintani Sensei the Supreme Instructor of Wado Karate in North America. Shintani revealed his 9th dan in 1995.<ref name="SWKKF-2016" />
There is some controversy regarding the succession of Shintani and his teachings. | 2016-10-10T06:30:17Z | Sometime in early 1970, Ohtsuka asked Shintani to officially call his style Wadō-ryū, and asked Shintani to continue to develop Wadō-ryū in Canada. In a letter written by Ohtsuka to Shintani dated July 14, 1974, Ohtsuka said "Please take care of the Canadian Wado Kai as its representative". In 1979, Ohtsuka presented Shintani with his 8th dan, and also gave him a post-dated 9th dan certificate for the future.<ref name="JOAMA2006" /> Shintani revealed his 9th dan certificate in 1995.<ref name="SWKKF-2016" />
There is some controversy regarding the succession of Shintani and his teachings {{According to whom|date=October 2016}}. | 2016-10-18T20:44:06Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742796809 | The team's statistical leaders included [[Don Nottingham]] with 798 rushing yards and 48 points scored, Steve Broderick with 757 passing yards, and Jeff Murrey with 165 receiving yards.<ref>2016 Record Book, p. D17-D19.</ref><ref name=SR>{{cite web|title=1970 Kent State Golden Flashes Stats|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|accessdate=October 4, 2016|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/kent-state/1970.html}}</ref> Other notable players on the team included [[Nick Saban]], [[Gary Pinkel]], and [[John Matsko]]. | 2016-10-05T21:09:27Z | The team's statistical leaders included fullback [[Don Nottingham]] with 798 rushing yards and 48 points scored, quarterback Steve Broderick with 757 passing yards, and Jeff Murrey with 165 receiving yards.<ref>2016 Record Book, p. D17-D19.</ref><ref name=SR>{{cite web|title=1970 Kent State Golden Flashes Stats|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|accessdate=October 4, 2016|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/kent-state/1970.html}}</ref> Other notable players on the team included [[Nick Saban]], [[Gary Pinkel]], [[John Matsko]], and linebacker [[Jim Corigall]] (later head coach at Kent State). | 2016-10-05T21:12:46Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741354061 | Lee et al. (2002) reported using [[Genetic engineering|genetically engineered]] [[M13 bacteriophage]] [[virus]]es to create quantum dot [[biocomposite]] structures.<ref name="pmid11988570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee SW, Mao C, Flynn CE, Belcher AM |title=Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses |journal=Science|volume=296 |year=2002 |pmid=11988570 |doi=10.1126/science.1068054 |issue=5569|bibcode = 2002Sci...296..892L |pages=892–5 }}</ref> As a background to this work, it has previously been shown that genetically engineered viruses can recognize specific [[semiconductor]] surfaces through the method of selection by [[Combinatorial biology|combinatorial phage display]].<ref name="pmid10864319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whaley SR, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM |title=Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly |journal=Nature |volume=405 |year=2000 |pmid=10864319 |doi=10.1038/35015043 |issue=6787 |pages=665–8}}</ref> Additionally, it is known that [[liquid crystal]]line structures of wild-type viruses (Fd, M13, and [[Tobacco mosaic virus|TMV]]) are adjustable by controlling the solution concentrations, solution [[ionic strength]], and the external [[magnetic field]] applied to the solutions. Consequently, the specific recognition properties of the virus can be used to organize inorganic [[nanocrystal]]s, forming ordered arrays over the length scale defined by liquid crystal formation. Using this information, Lee et al. (2000) were able to create self-assembled, highly oriented, self-supporting films from a phage and [[Zinc sulfide|ZnS]] precursor solution. This system allowed them to vary both the length of bacteriophage and the type of inorganic material through genetic modification and selection. | 2016-09-25T13:47:24Z | [[Genetic engineering|genetically engineered]] [[M13 bacteriophage]] [[virus]]es allow preparation of quantum dot [[biocomposite]] structures.<ref name="pmid11988570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee SW, Mao C, Flynn CE, Belcher AM |title=Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses |journal=Science|volume=296 |year=2002 |pmid=11988570 |doi=10.1126/science.1068054 |issue=5569|bibcode = 2002Sci...296..892L |pages=892–5 }}</ref> It had previously been shown that genetically engineered viruses can recognize specific [[semiconductor]] surfaces through the method of selection by [[Combinatorial biology|combinatorial phage display]].<ref name="pmid10864319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whaley SR, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM |title=Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly |journal=Nature |volume=405 |year=2000 |pmid=10864319 |doi=10.1038/35015043 |issue=6787 |pages=665–8}}</ref> Additionally, it is known that [[liquid crystal]]line structures of wild-type viruses (Fd, M13, and [[Tobacco mosaic virus|TMV]]) are adjustable by controlling the solution concentrations, solution [[ionic strength]], and the external [[magnetic field]] applied to the solutions. Consequently, the specific recognition properties of the virus can be used to organize inorganic [[nanocrystal]]s, forming ordered arrays over the length scale defined by liquid crystal formation. Using this information, Lee et al. (2000) were able to create self-assembled, highly oriented, self-supporting films from a phage and [[Zinc sulfide|ZnS]] precursor solution. This system allowed them to vary both the length of bacteriophage and the type of inorganic material through genetic modification and selection. | 2016-09-26T23:53:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744229199 | [[Donald Trump]], American businessman, television producer, author, politician, and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] nominee for [[President of the United States|president]] in 2016, has been publicly accused of several acts of sexual misconduct, including rape, child rape, and sexual assault. At least eight women have publicly accused Trump of sexual assault or rape. One of these women was 13 years old at the time of the alleged rape. These allegations received heightened public attention following the leak of audio recordings appearing to show Trump bragging about committing sexual assault.
There have been three separate lawsuits filed by women alleging that they were sexually assaulted by Trump. Ex-wife [[Ivana Trump]], who had accused her husband of rape, withdrew the suit as the result of a settlement agreement. Jill Harth, who accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in 1997, withdrew her lawsuit when a "parallel suit" was settled between Trump and her husband. She continues to maintain, though, that the assault took place. A [[John Doe|Jane Doe]] case was filed on October 10, 2016 and is pending a December 16, 2016 hearing in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|District Court]] in [[Manhattan]] of several physically-forced and statutory [[rape]]s at a series of sex parties in 1994. The plaintiff was 13-years-old at the time. | 2016-10-13T22:35:55Z | American businessman and 2016 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] nominee for [[President of the United States|president]] [[Donald Trump]] has been publicly accused of several acts of [[sexual misconduct]], including [[rape]], [[child rape]], and [[sexual assault]]. At least eight women have publicly accused Trump of sexual assault or rape. One of these women was 13 years old at the time of the alleged rape. These allegations received heightened public attention following the leak of audio recordings appearing to show Trump bragging about committing sexual assault.
Three separate lawsuits have been filed by women alleging that they were sexually assaulted by Trump. Ex-wife [[Ivana Trump]], who accused her husband of rape, withdrew the suit as the result of a settlement agreement. Jill Harth, who accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in 1997, withdrew her lawsuit when a "parallel suit" was settled between Trump and her husband. She continues to maintain, though, that the assault took place. A [[John Doe|Jane Doe]] case was filed on October 10, 2016 and is pending a December 16, 2016 hearing in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|District Court]] in [[Manhattan]] of several physically-forced and statutory rapes at a series of sex parties in 1994. The plaintiff was 13-years-old at the time. | 2016-10-13T22:45:09Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743428299 | David Feiss first created Cow and Chicken as a story for his daughter.<ref name="creation">{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonnetworkla.com/english/watch/creator/dfeiss.html|title=Animator Profile: David Feiss|work=cartoonnetworkla.com|publisher=Cartoon Network|accessdate=2007-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516002446/http://www.cartoonnetworkla.com/english/watch/creator/dfeiss.html|archivedate=2006-05-16}}</ref> Feiss was a animator who had worked with [[Hanna-Barbera]] and related projects since 1978.<ref name="creation"/> | 2016-10-06T03:42:04Z | David Feiss first created Cow and Chicken as a story for his daughter.<ref name="creation">{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonnetworkla.com/english/watch/creator/dfeiss.html|title=Animator Profile: David Feiss|work=cartoonnetworkla.com|publisher=Cartoon Network|accessdate=2007-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516002446/http://www.cartoonnetworkla.com/english/watch/creator/dfeiss.html|archivedate=2006-05-16}}</ref> Feiss was an animator who had worked with [[Hanna-Barbera]] and related projects since 1978.<ref name="creation"/> | 2016-10-09T16:25:02Z | 0 |
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