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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743094053 | '''John Mehler''' (born August 27, 1948 in [[Long Beach, California]]), is a [[drummer]] for [[Love Song (band)|Love Song]], Spirit of Creation, Noah and other bands. | 2016-08-27T12:52:58Z | '''John Mehler''' (born an only child<ref>{{cite web|title=John Mehler Bio|url=http://www.lovesong.band/john-mehler-bio.html|website=Love Song|publisher=Pay Ya Tuesday Productions|accessdate=7 October 2016}}</ref> August 27, 1948 in [[Long Beach, California]]), is a [[drummer]] for [[Love Song (band)|Love Song]], Spirit of Creation, Noah and other bands. | 2016-10-07T19:46:13Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741745873 | | abs_magnitude = 12.4,<ref name="Tholen">{{cite web | url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/astermag.html | author=Tholen | title=Asteroid Absolute Magnitudes | accessdate=January 1, 2009 | work=EAR-A-5-DDR-ASTERMAG-V11.0. | publisher=[[Planetary Data System]] | year=2007 | archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/68UNdWYbC?url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/astermag%2Ehtml| archivedate= June 17, 2012 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> 12.7<ref name="jpldata"/> | 2016-09-23T02:29:37Z | | abs_magnitude = 12.4,<ref name="Tholen">{{cite web|url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/astermag.html |author=Tholen |title=Asteroid Absolute Magnitudes |accessdate=January 1, 2009 |work=EAR-A-5-DDR-ASTERMAG-V11.0. |publisher=[[Planetary Data System]] |year=2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/68UNdWYbC?url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/astermag%2Ehtml |archivedate=June 17, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }} </ref> 12.7<ref name="jpldata"/> | 2016-09-29T11:47:05Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742428482 | |birth_date = | 2016-10-03T17:18:06Z | |birth_date = 18 May 1944<ref>{{cite web|title=Law Commission|url=http://www.lc.gov.bd/members.htm|website=lc.gov.bd|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-03T17:21:45Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745330544 | }}'''Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet''' (24 August 1816 – 15 October 1889) was an English railway and transatlantic cable engineer and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician who sat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] from 1865 to 1885. He was the first [[Locomotive Superintendent|Superintendent of Locomotive Engines]] on the [[Great Western Railway]] from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 to 1889. | 2016-07-03T20:01:49Z | }}'''Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet''' (24 August 1816 – 15 October 1889) was an English railway locomotive and transatlantic cable engineer and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician who sat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] from 1865 to 1885. He was the first [[Locomotive Superintendent|Superintendent of Locomotive Engines]] on the [[Great Western Railway]] from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 to 1889. | 2016-10-20T14:29:06Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741375408 | The spine misspells the band's name as 'Black Rebel Motorcylce Club'. | 2012-11-25T23:17:57Z | The spine misspells the band's name as 'Black Rebel Motorcycle Club'. | 2016-09-27T03:15:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742333408 | |MVP= QB Tom Shuman (Penn State)<br>S Ken Quesenberry (Baylor)
|Visitor AP=7
|Home AP=12
|City=[[Dallas, Texas]]
Baylor did the [[Baylor Bears football#Miracle on the Brazos|Miracle on the Brazos]], winning the [[Southwest Conference]] championship for the first time since 1924, doing so after starting the season 0-2 by going 8-1 the rest of the way. They only lost one conference game (to A&M, who had two), but their most memorable win was against Texas, in which they came back from a 24-7 halftime deficit and beat the Longhorns for the first time in 17 years. This was their first Cotton Bowl Classic ever. The Nittany Lions on the other hand were making their 3rd appearance and 2nd in the decade.
[[Steve Beaird]] gave the Bears a promising start and the lead when he scored on a 4 yard touchdown run as the first quarter ended. Penn State retaliated with a [[Chris Bahr]] field goal with 1:09 left to narrow the lead to 7-3 at halftime. The Nittany Lions scored first with a [[Tom Donchez]] touchdown run. Baylor scored back with a [[Ricky Thompson]] touchdown catch from [[Neal Jeffrey]]. But Penn state scored on a [[Jimmy Cefalo]] catch from [[Tom Shuman]] as the Nittany Lions led 17-14 going into the fourth quarter. Things started to fall apart for the Bears in the fourth quarter. [[Jimmy Cefalo]] scored on a touchdown run to increase the lead. Bahr added in a field goal, and Mike Johnson intercepted a pass which led to a Shuman touchdown run.
Running out of time, Thompson caught a touchdown pass from [[Mark Jackson (quarterback)|Mark Jackson]] with :14 left, missing the conversion. To add insult to injury, [[Joe Jackson (linebacker, born 1953)|Joe Jackson]] returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown, making it 41-20 as the final seconds ticked off, giving Penn State their second Cotton Bowl Classic win.<ref>http://media.attcottonbowl.com/resource/history/1975/rsrc/1975-Classic-Recap.pdf</ref> | 2016-06-17T06:56:53Z | |Home AP=12
|Home Coaches=12
|Visitor AP=7
|Visitor Coaches=6
|City=[[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]]
|MVP= QB Tom Shuman (Penn State)<br>S Ken Quesenberry (Baylor)
Baylor did the [[Baylor Bears football#Miracle on the Brazos|Miracle on the Brazos]], winning the [[Southwest Conference]] championship for the first time since 1924, doing so after starting the season 0–2 by going 8–1 the rest of the way. They only lost one conference game (to A&M, who had two), but their most memorable win was against Texas, in which they came back from a 24–7 halftime deficit and beat the Longhorns for the first time in 17 years. This was Baylor's first Cotton Bowl Classic. The Nittany Lions were making their third appearance and second in the decade.
Steve Beaird gave the Bears the lead when he scored on a 4-yard touchdown run as the first quarter ended. Penn State retaliated with a [[Chris Bahr]] field goal with 1:09 left to narrow the lead to 7–3 at halftime. The Nittany Lions scored first with a Tom Donchez touchdown run. Baylor scored back with a [[Ricky Thompson]] touchdown catch from Neal Jeffrey. But Penn state scored on a [[Jimmy Cefalo]] catch from Tom Shuman as the Nittany Lions led 17–14 going into the fourth quarter. Things started to fall apart for the Bears in the fourth quarter. [[Jimmy Cefalo]] scored on a touchdown run to increase the lead. Bahr added in a field goal, and Mike Johnson intercepted a pass which led to a Shuman touchdown run.
Running out of time, Thompson caught a touchdown pass from [[Mark Jackson (quarterback)|Mark Jackson]] with :14 left, missing the conversion. To add insult to injury, [[Joe Jackson (linebacker, born 1953)|Joe Jackson]] returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown, making it 41–20 as the final seconds ticked off, giving Penn State their second Cotton Bowl Classic win.<ref>http://media.attcottonbowl.com/resource/history/1975/rsrc/1975-Classic-Recap.pdf</ref> | 2016-10-03T02:48:32Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745348486 | :* During the April 12, 2008, game between the [[New York Yankees]] and the [[Boston Red Sox]], the Boston infield was shifted right for New York left-handed power hitter [[Jason Giambi]], with a baserunner on first. Giambi grounded to 2nd baseman [[Dustin Pedroia]], who threw to the 3rd baseman [[Kevin Youkilis]], who because of the shift actually had to cover 2nd base. Youkilis tagged second, then turned the DP by throwing to 1st baseman [[Sean Casey (baseball)|Sean Casey]], to get Giambi out. This would therefore be a rare "4-5-3" double play.
:* A similar double play occurred in a [[Nippon Professional Baseball]] interleague game on June 14, 2009, when the [[Hiroshima Toyo Carp]] deployed a five-man infield against the [[Saitama Seibu Lions]], with the left fielder moved to cover the area between pitcher and second base. A player{{which|date=June 2016}}{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} grounded into a "7"-2-3 double play by hitting a ground ball to the shifted fielder with the bases loaded.<ref>[http://www.nikkansports.com/ajaxlib/root/baseball/news/p-bb-tp0-20090615-506765.html]</ref> | 2016-10-20T16:00:58Z | :* During the April 12, 2008, game between the [[New York Yankees]] and the [[Boston Red Sox]], in the top of the 7th inning the Boston infield was shifted right for New York left-handed power hitter [[Jason Giambi]], with a baserunner on first. Giambi grounded to second baseman [[Dustin Pedroia]], who threw to third baseman [[Kevin Youkilis]], covering second due to the shift. Youkilis tagged second, then threw to first baseman [[Sean Casey (baseball)|Sean Casey]] to complete the rare 4-5-3 double play.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Yankees at Boston Red Sox Play by Play and Boxscore | url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BOS/BOS200804120.shtml | website=Baseball Reference | date=12 Apr 2008| accessdate=20 Oct 2016}}</ref>
:* A similar double play occurred in a [[Nippon Professional Baseball]] interleague game on June 14, 2009, when the [[Hiroshima Toyo Carp]] deployed a five-man infield against the [[Saitama Seibu Lions]], with the left fielder moved to cover the area between pitcher and second base. The batter then grounded into a 7-2-3 double play by hitting a ground ball to the shifted fielder with the bases loaded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hiroshima Brown's "infield five" a success! | url=http://www.nikkansports.com/ajaxlib/root/baseball/news/p-bb-tp0-20090615-506765.html | website=Nikkan Sports | date=15 Jun 2009}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T16:26:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746252497 | [[Snake venom|Venom in snakes]] and some [[lizard]]s is a form of [[saliva]] that has been modified into [[venom]] over its evolutionary history.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reptile Venom Research|url=http://www.reptilepark.com.au/venom_snake.asp|publisher=Australian Reptile Park|accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> In [[snake]]s, venom has evolved to kill or subdue prey, as well as to perform other diet-related functions.{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}}
The traditional view of this evolution is as follows:
Venom originated just once among all [[Toxicofera]] approximately 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the wide range of venoms seen today.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}}
The original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands. Subsequently, this set of proteins [[Adaptive radiation|diversified]] in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, [[Anguimorpha]], and [[Iguania]].{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}} Several snake lineages have since lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}} The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Wuster et al.|2008}}{{sfn|Lomonte et al. (a)|2014}}
The mechanism of evolution in most cases has been [[gene duplication]] followed by [[natural selection]] for [[Adaptation|adaptive traits]].{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}} Some of the various adaptations produced by this process include venom more toxic to specific prey in several lineages,{{sfn|Barlow et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Calvete et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Li et al.|2005}} proteins that pre-digest prey,{{sfn|Mackessy|2010}} as well as a method to track down prey after a bite.{{sfn|Saviola et al.|2013}} These various adaptations of venom have also led to considerable debate about the definition of venom and venomous snakes.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}} | 2016-10-16T09:05:54Z | [[Snake venom|Venom in snakes]] and some [[lizard]]s is a form of [[saliva]] that has been modified into [[venom]] over its evolutionary history.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reptile Venom Research|url=http://www.reptilepark.com.au/venom_snake.asp|publisher=Australian Reptile Park|accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> In [[snake]]s, venom has evolved to kill or subdue prey, as well as to perform other diet-related functions.{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}} The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Wuster et al.|2008}}{{sfn|Lomonte et al. (a)|2014}}
The evolutionary history of snake venom is a matter of debate. The common view of this history prior to 2014 was that venom originated just once among all [[Toxicofera]] approximately 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the wide range of venoms seen today.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}} Under this hypothesis, the original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands. Subsequently, this set of proteins [[Adaptive radiation|diversified]] in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, [[Anguimorpha]], and [[Iguania]].{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}} Several snake lineages subsequently lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}}
The mechanism of evolution in most cases has been [[gene duplication]] followed by [[natural selection]] for [[Adaptation|adaptive traits]].{{sfn|Casewell et al.|2013}} Some of the various adaptations produced by this process include venom more toxic to specific prey in several lineages,{{sfn|Barlow et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Calvete et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Li et al.|2005}} proteins that pre-digest prey,{{sfn|Mackessy|2010}} as well as a method to track down prey after a bite.{{sfn|Saviola et al.|2013}} These various adaptations of venom have also led to considerable debate about the definition of venom and venomous snakes.{{sfn|Fry et al.|2012}} | 2016-10-26T06:46:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741852862 | As the name suggests, the division recruited in the [[Home Counties]], particularly [[Kent]], [[Middlesex]], [[Surrey]] and [[Sussex]]. It was composed of the [[Surrey Brigade|Surrey]], [[Middlesex Brigade|Middlesex]] and [[Kent Brigade|Kent Infantry Brigades]] (each of four [[battalion]]s), four artillery brigades{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|Battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web | publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]] | accessdate=13 April 2013 | title=The Royal Artillery | url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx}}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web | publisher=The Long, Long Trail | accessdate=13 April 2013 | last=Baker | first=Chris | title=What was an artillery brigade? | url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]. These figures refer to 6-gun batteries; [[Territorial Force]] artillery batteries were organized on a 4-gun basis at the outbreak of the war, so strengths would be approximately two thirds of this. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}} of the [[Royal Field Artillery]] recruited in Sussex and Kent, a heavy [[Artillery battery|battery]] of the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]] (also recruited in Kent), plus support units of the [[Royal Engineers]] (including the [[Royal Engineers Signal Service|Signal Service]]), [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and the [[Army Service Corps]]. Two [[Army Troops]] battalions of the [[Royal Sussex Regiment]] were also attached for training, but were not integral to the division. In peacetime, the divisional [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] was in [[Hounslow]] in Middlesex.<ref name=Conrad>{{cite web | url=http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BRIT14.html | title=The British Army, 1914 | last=Conrad | first=Mark | year=1996 | accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=Becke53>{{harvnb|Becke|1936|p=53}}</ref>
The [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] (TA) was formally disbanded at the end of the Second World War. TA units were reactivated on 1 January 1947, though no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947.<ref>{{harvnb|Beckett|2008|p=169}}</ref> The division, under the command of Major-General [[Philip Gregson-Ellis]], was reformed in 1947; it included the [[Northamptonshire Yeomanry]], and 47th (London), [[131st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|131st (Surrey)]], and [[133rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|133rd (Kent & Sussex) Infantry Brigade]]s.<ref name=Watson>{{Wayback | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/library-new/1946-1990/britishempire/ta47.html | title=United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947 by Graham Watson (March 10, 2002) | date=20131205080733 | df=yes }}</ref>
On 1 May 1961, all ten TA divisions were merged with the [[Military district#United Kingdom|districts]],<ref>{{harvnb|Beckett|2008|pp=183,185}}</ref> and the division became ''44th (Home Counties) Division/District'', thus ending the division's separate existence. Subsequently, redesignated as ''South Eastern District'',<ref>{{Wayback | url=http://www.regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-ho.htm | title=Home Counties District 1870-1995 at regiments.org by T.F.Mills | date=20070703021556 | df=yes }}</ref> it was used to form the [[4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)#Formation 1995–2011|4th Division]] on 1 April 1995.<ref>{{Wayback | url=http://regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-4div.htm | title=4th Division 1995-present at regiments.org by T.F.Mills | date=20070715140005 | df=yes }}</ref>
| ref = harv
| last = Mackie | first = Colin
| year = June 2015
| title = Army Commands 1900-2011
| publisher = www.gulabin.com
| url = http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
| accessdate = 1 August 2015
* {{Wayback
| url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/44_div.htm
| title=44th (Home Counties) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell
| date=20131029202940
| df=yes
}} | 2016-09-03T06:00:48Z | As the name suggests, the division recruited in the [[Home Counties]], particularly [[Kent]], [[Middlesex]], [[Surrey]] and [[Sussex]]. It was composed of the [[Surrey Brigade|Surrey]], [[Middlesex Brigade|Middlesex]] and [[Kent Brigade|Kent Infantry Brigades]] (each of four [[battalion]]s), four artillery brigades{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|Battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]] |accessdate=13 April 2013 |title=The Royal Artillery |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023001138/http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |archivedate=23 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web | publisher=The Long, Long Trail | accessdate=13 April 2013 | last=Baker | first=Chris | title=What was an artillery brigade? | url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]. These figures refer to 6-gun batteries; [[Territorial Force]] artillery batteries were organized on a 4-gun basis at the outbreak of the war, so strengths would be approximately two thirds of this. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}} of the [[Royal Field Artillery]] recruited in Sussex and Kent, a heavy [[Artillery battery|battery]] of the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]] (also recruited in Kent), plus support units of the [[Royal Engineers]] (including the [[Royal Engineers Signal Service|Signal Service]]), [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and the [[Army Service Corps]]. Two [[Army Troops]] battalions of the [[Royal Sussex Regiment]] were also attached for training, but were not integral to the division. In peacetime, the divisional [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] was in [[Hounslow]] in Middlesex.<ref name=Conrad>{{cite web | url=http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BRIT14.html | title=The British Army, 1914 | last=Conrad | first=Mark | year=1996 | accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=Becke53>{{harvnb|Becke|1936|p=53}}</ref>
The [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] (TA) was formally disbanded at the end of the Second World War. TA units were reactivated on 1 January 1947, though no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947.<ref>{{harvnb|Beckett|2008|p=169}}</ref> The division, under the command of Major-General [[Philip Gregson-Ellis]], was reformed in 1947; it included the [[Northamptonshire Yeomanry]], and 47th (London), [[131st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|131st (Surrey)]], and [[133rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|133rd (Kent & Sussex) Infantry Brigade]]s.<ref name=Watson>{{cite web|url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/library-new/1946-1990/britishempire/ta47.html |title=United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947 by Graham Watson (March 10, 2002) |accessdate=2015-02-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205080733/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/library-new/1946-1990/britishempire/ta47.html |archivedate=5 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>
On 1 May 1961, all ten TA divisions were merged with the [[Military district#United Kingdom|districts]],<ref>{{harvnb|Beckett|2008|pp=183,185}}</ref> and the division became ''44th (Home Counties) Division/District'', thus ending the division's separate existence. Subsequently, redesignated as ''South Eastern District'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-ho.htm |title=Home Counties District 1870-1995 at regiments.org by T.F.Mills |accessdate=2012-09-30 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703021556/http://www.regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-ho.htm |archivedate=3 July 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> it was used to form the [[4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)#Formation 1995–2011|4th Division]] on 1 April 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-4div.htm |title=4th Division 1995-present at regiments.org by T.F.Mills |accessdate=2015-03-25 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715140005/http://regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-d-4div.htm |archivedate=15 July 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref>
|ref=harv
|last=Mackie
|first=Colin
|year=June 2015
|title=Army Commands 1900-2011
|publisher=www.gulabin.com
|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|accessdate=1 August 2015
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|archivedate=5 July 2015
|df=dmy
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/44_div.htm
|title=44th (Home Counties) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell
|accessdate=2013-03-09
|deadurl=bot: unknown
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202940/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/44_div.htm
|archivedate=29 October 2013
|df=dmy
}} | 2016-09-30T02:01:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745837952 | | birth_place = [[Vang]], [[Hedmark]] | 2016-10-23T07:33:23Z | | birth_place = [[Vang, Hedmark]] | 2016-10-23T16:57:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745626110 | '''Federal Signal Corporation''' is a global corporation with about 2,800 employees located in Oak Brook, Illinois. Federal Signal designs, develops and deploys solutions intended to protect people, property and the environment under brands including Federal Signal, Elgin, Guzzler, Jetstream, Vactor and Victor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.federalsignal.com/our-companies| title=Our Companies|website=Federal Signal|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref>
Federal Signal is best known for its variety of emergency lighting, sirens, industrial equipment, and public safety solutions. | 2016-10-22T07:50:39Z | '''Federal Signal Corporation''' is a global corporation with about 2,800 employees located in Oak Brook, Illinois. Federal Signal is best known for its variety of emergency lighting, sirens, industrial equipment, and public safety [[solution]]s under brands including Federal Signal, Elgin, Guzzler, Jetstream, Vactor and Victor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.federalsignal.com/our-companies| title=Our Companies|website=Federal Signal|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-22T08:18:31Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743344148 | ''These characters appeared in the 2003 animated series, ''Stuart Little: The Animated Series'' which was an adaptation of the first two films based on the novel''. | 2016-10-09T05:54:18Z | These characters appeared in the 2003 animated series, ''Stuart Little: The Animated Series''. | 2016-10-09T05:56:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746161512 | The center of Hillsboro Village is located along Hillsboro Road, a major thoroughfare dating from before the Civil War. It is a former [[streetcar suburb]], and shopping and entertainment district, containing [[vintage clothing]] stores, a [[used bookstore]], art galleries, the non-profit [[Belcourt Theatre]], and independent restaurants. The heart of Hillsboro Village is Hillsboro Village is home to the Acklen Avenue Post Office, noted for its wall of autographed photos of country music stars. It is also home to local musicians [[Ben Folds]] and [[Mat Kearney]]. Hillsboro Village is adjacent to [[Vanderbilt University School of Medicine]] and within close proximity to [[Belmont University]], and [[Music Row]]. The village is popular with college students.<ref>http://admissions.vanderbilt.edu/vandybloggers/2012/04/know-your-city-hillsboro-village/ </ref> Hillsboro Road also divides the area into two neighborhoods: Hillsboro-West End to the West, and Belmont-Hillsboro to the East.
Through the 19th century, the neighborhood now known as Hillsboro-Belmont was then part of a single estate containing the [[Belmont Mansion (Tennessee)|Belmont Mansion]]. Hillsboro Village began to take shape in 1920, when two groceries and a pharmacy opened alongside the trolley line that ran down Hillsboro Road (21st Avenue). Residential houses were primarily built between 1910 and 1940. | 2014-03-07T22:23:50Z | The center of Hillsboro Village is located along Hillsboro Road, a major thoroughfare dating from before the Civil War. It is a former [[streetcar suburb]], and shopping and entertainment district, containing [[vintage clothing]] stores, a [[used bookstore]], art galleries, the non-profit [[Belcourt Theatre]], and independent restaurants. The heart of Hillsboro Village is home to the Acklen Avenue Post Office, noted for its wall of autographed photos of country music stars. It is also home to local musicians [[Ben Folds]] and [[Mat Kearney]]. Hillsboro Village is adjacent to [[Vanderbilt University School of Medicine]] and within close proximity to [[Belmont University]], and [[Music Row]]. The village is popular with college students.<ref>http://admissions.vanderbilt.edu/vandybloggers/2012/04/know-your-city-hillsboro-village/ </ref> Hillsboro Road also divides the area into two neighborhoods: Hillsboro-West End to the West, and Belmont-Hillsboro to the East.
Through the 19th century, the neighborhood now known as Hillsboro-Belmont was then part of a single estate containing the [[Belmont Mansion (Tennessee)|Belmont Mansion]]. Much of the land between Hillsboro Pike and Granny White Pike was farmland during this time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=TeSelle|first1=Gene|title=The Belmont Area and Hillsboro Village|date=2009|publisher=Belmont-Hillsboro Neighbors, Inc.|location=Nashville|page=5}}</ref> Hillsboro Village began to take shape in 1920, when two groceries and a pharmacy opened alongside the trolley line that ran down Hillsboro Road (21st Avenue). Residential houses were primarily built between 1910 and 1940. | 2016-10-25T16:57:11Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741622566 | In October 1252 Nicholas of Ebroicis filed a plea regarding 6 armed-men of Walter Kingston that had destroyed his corn in Enlatheston (Chanston). Walter Kingston failed to appear in court, and orders were issued to the Bailiff of Nicholas’ district to take into hand Walter, Balearic Dunkers and Phillip Wayne.<ref>Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. (London: Public Record Offfice, 1811). Page 131, Pleas Curia Regis Rolls, October 1253, Westminster, rot 11 in dorso</ref> | 2016-06-18T10:36:40Z | In October 1252 Nicholas of Ebroicis filed a plea regarding 6 armed-men of Walter Kingston that had destroyed his corn in Enlatheston (Chanston). Walter Kingston failed to appear in court, and orders were issued to the Bailiff of Nicholas’ district to take into hand Walter, Balearic Dunkers and Phillip Wayne.<ref>Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. (London: Public Record Office, 1811). Page 131, Pleas Curia Regis Rolls, October 1253, Westminster, rot 11 in dorso</ref> | 2016-09-28T17:32:42Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744144387 | Sinusitis is a common condition.<ref name=Ros2015/> It affects about between 10% and 30% of people each year in the United States and Europe.<ref name=Ros2015>{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=RM|last2=Piccirillo|first2=JF|last3=Chandrasekhar|first3=SS|last4=Brook|first4=I|last5=Ashok Kumar|first5=K|last6=Kramper|first6=M|last7=Orlandi|first7=RR|last8=Palmer|first8=JN|last9=Patel|first9=ZM|last10=Peters|first10=A|last11=Walsh|first11=SA|last12=Corrigan|first12=MD|title=Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis executive summary.|journal=Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery|date=April 2015|volume=152|issue=4|pages=598–609|pmid=25833927|doi=10.1177/0194599815574247}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Adkinson|first1=N. Franklin|title=Middleton's allergy : principles and practice.|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780323085939|page=687|edition=Eight|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=vT9YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA687}}</ref> Women are more often affected than men.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sinusitis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/sinusitis/Pages/Index.aspx |publisher=U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |accessdate=6 April 2015 |date=April 3, 2012}}</ref> Chronic sinusitis affects approximately 12.5% of people.<ref name=Ham2011>{{cite journal | author = Hamilos DL | title = Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and medical management | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 128 | issue = 4 | pages = 693–707; quiz 708–9 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21890184 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.004 }}</ref> Treatment of sinusitis in the United States results in more than 11 billion USD in costs.<ref name=Ros2015/> The unnecessary and ineffective treatment of viral sinusitis with antibiotics is common.<ref name=Ros2015/> | 2016-10-13T11:16:38Z | Sinusitis is a common condition.<ref name=Ros2015/> It affects between about 10% and 30% of people each year in the United States and Europe.<ref name=Ros2015>{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=RM|last2=Piccirillo|first2=JF|last3=Chandrasekhar|first3=SS|last4=Brook|first4=I|last5=Ashok Kumar|first5=K|last6=Kramper|first6=M|last7=Orlandi|first7=RR|last8=Palmer|first8=JN|last9=Patel|first9=ZM|last10=Peters|first10=A|last11=Walsh|first11=SA|last12=Corrigan|first12=MD|title=Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis executive summary.|journal=Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery|date=April 2015|volume=152|issue=4|pages=598–609|pmid=25833927|doi=10.1177/0194599815574247}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Adkinson|first1=N. Franklin|title=Middleton's allergy : principles and practice.|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780323085939|page=687|edition=Eight|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=vT9YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA687}}</ref> Women are more often affected than men.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sinusitis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/sinusitis/Pages/Index.aspx |publisher=U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |accessdate=6 April 2015 |date=April 3, 2012}}</ref> Chronic sinusitis affects approximately 12.5% of people.<ref name=Ham2011>{{cite journal | author = Hamilos DL | title = Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and medical management | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 128 | issue = 4 | pages = 693–707; quiz 708–9 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21890184 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.004 }}</ref> Treatment of sinusitis in the United States results in more than 11 billion USD in costs.<ref name=Ros2015/> The unnecessary and ineffective treatment of viral sinusitis with antibiotics is common.<ref name=Ros2015/> | 2016-10-13T11:18:32Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743347117 | As explained in “The Words and Music of Bob Marley” by David Moskowitz, early 1969 brought another change to Jamaican popular music in which the beat slowed down even further<ref name=":1">Moskowitz, David V. "Rebel Music, 1970-1975." The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. 23. Google. Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. Web. 5 Oct. 2016. <https://books.google.com/books?id=QPZEqZHKq2AC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=paul+douglas+soul+shakedown+party&source=bl&ots=NJZfKbMamX&sig=3wy_VKR5_UtPPiuQdUZxMy67MUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit6OS5zcTPAhXIaT4KHfQHCP4Q6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=paul%20douglas%20soul%20shakedown%20party&f=false>.</ref>. The new beat was a slow, steady, ticking rhythm that was first heard on the [[The Maytals]] song “[[Do the Reggay]].”…Also at this time, JAD Records and Cayman Music had scaled back their production and had agreed to let the Wailers record for other producers with the stipulation that the records be released only in the Caribbean. In response, Bob Marley approached [[Leslie Kong]], who was the hottest Jamaican producer in the late 1960s, and together they recorded enough tracks to create an album<ref name=":1" />. Kong was recognized as one of the best producers on the island and was one of the major developers of the new reggae style and a prime candidate to assist the Wailers. The Wailers used Kong’s studio musicians as their backup band on the tracks and benefited from their expertise. Called Beverley’s All-Stars, the group consisted of the bassists Lloyd Parkes and Jackie Jackson, the drummer Paul Douglas, the keyboard players Gladstone “Gladdie” Anderson and Winston Wright, and the guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, and Hux Brown<ref name=":1" />. The tracks recorded in this session illustrated the Wailers’ earliest efforts in the new reggae style. Gone are the ska trumpets and saxophones of the earlier songs, with instrumental breaks now being played by the electric guitar. Although the majority of the new tracks were dance songs, some contained lyrics of social consciousness and concern. The majority of the new material recorded in the session was written by Bob, but a few of Peter’s compositions were included as he gradually became recognized as an adept songwriter and lead singer in his own right. The tracks included “Soul Shakedown Party,” “Stop That Train,” “Caution,” “Go Tell It on the Mountain,” “Soon Come,” “Can’t You See,” “Soul Captives,” “Cheer Up,” “Back Out,” and “Do It Twice<ref name=":1" />.” | 2016-10-09T06:24:20Z | As explained in “The Words and Music of Bob Marley” by David Moskowitz, early 1969 brought another change to Jamaican popular music in which the beat slowed down even further<ref name=":1">Moskowitz, David V. "Rebel Music, 1970-1975." The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. 23. Google. Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. Web. 5 Oct. 2016. <https://books.google.com/books?id=QPZEqZHKq2AC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=paul+douglas+soul+shakedown+party&source=bl&ots=NJZfKbMamX&sig=3wy_VKR5_UtPPiuQdUZxMy67MUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit6OS5zcTPAhXIaT4KHfQHCP4Q6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=paul%20douglas%20soul%20shakedown%20party&f=false>.</ref>. The new beat was a slow, steady, ticking rhythm that was first heard on the [[The Maytals]] song “[[Do the Reggay]].”…Also at this time, JAD Records and Cayman Music had scaled back their production and had agreed to let the Wailers record for other producers with the stipulation that the records be released only in the Caribbean. In response, Bob Marley approached [[Leslie Kong]], who was the hottest Jamaican producer in the late 1960s, and together they recorded enough tracks to create an album<ref name=":1" />. Kong was recognized as one of the best producers on the island and was one of the major developers of the new reggae style and a prime candidate to assist the Wailers. [[Bob Marley and the Wailers|The Wailers]] used Kong’s studio musicians as their backup band on the tracks and benefited from their expertise. Called Beverley’s All-Stars, the group consisted of the bassists Lloyd Parkes and Jackie Jackson, the drummer Paul Douglas, the keyboard players Gladstone “Gladdie” Anderson and Winston Wright, and the guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, and Hux Brown<ref name=":1" />. The tracks recorded in this session illustrated the Wailers’ earliest efforts in the new reggae style. Gone are the ska trumpets and saxophones of the earlier songs, with instrumental breaks now being played by the electric guitar. Although the majority of the new tracks were dance songs, some contained lyrics of social consciousness and concern. The majority of the new material recorded in the session was written by Bob, but a few of Peter’s compositions were included as he gradually became recognized as an adept songwriter and lead singer in his own right. The tracks included “Soul Shakedown Party,” “Stop That Train,” “Caution,” “Go Tell It on the Mountain,” “Soon Come,” “Can’t You See,” “Soul Captives,” “Cheer Up,” “Back Out,” and “Do It Twice<ref name=":1" />.” | 2016-10-09T06:26:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741840484 | ! Title<ref>[http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/pCabinets.aspx Official page of prime minister]</ref><ref>[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HB3.htm Official page of the parliament]</ref> | 2016-05-31T13:01:41Z | ! Title<ref>[http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/pCabinets.aspx Official page of prime minister] {{wayback|url=http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/pCabinets.aspx |date=20130515000801 |df=y }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HB3.htm Official page of the parliament]</ref> | 2016-09-30T00:22:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742169185 | <small>A [[locked groove]] lays Between tracks 3 and 4</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/ |title=Punknews.org |publisher=Punknews.org |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> | 2013-01-16T08:41:47Z | <small>A [[locked groove]] lies between tracks 3 and 4.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/ |title=Punknews.org |publisher=Punknews.org |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> | 2016-10-02T03:02:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744310338 | Nizamabad is bounded on the north by [[Adilabad]] district, on the east by [[Karimnagar]] district, on the south by [[Medak]] district, and on the west by [[Nanded]] district of Maharashtra State and [[Bidar]] of [[Karnataka]] State. The geographical area of the district is {{convert|7956|km2}}. The district lies between 180 5' and 190' of the northern latitudes and 770 4' and 780 37' of the eastern longitudes.The [[Godavari River]] enters into Telangana from Nizamabad district at Kandhakurthi. | 2016-10-13T11:00:46Z | Nizamabad is bounded on the north by [[Nirmal district]], on the north east by [[Jagtial district]], on south east by [[Karimnagar district]], on the south by [[Kamareddy district]], and on the west by [[Nanded district]] of Maharashtra State. The geographical area of the district is {{convert|4153|km2}}. The district lies between 180 5' and 190' of the northern latitudes and 770 4' and 780 37' of the eastern longitudes. The [[Godavari River]] enters into Telangana from Nizamabad district at Kandhakurthi. | 2016-10-14T12:14:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742411875 | | venue = Sheraton Gateway Hotel Atlanta Airport
| venue = [[Georgia International Convention Center]] | 2016-09-30T13:49:29Z | | venue = Sheraton Gateway Hotel Atlanta Airport<br /> [[Georgia International Convention Center]]
| venue = Sheraton Gateway Hotel Atlanta Airport<br /> Georgia International Convention Center | 2016-10-03T15:09:56Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743235688 | <noinclude><!-- don't place any text above this line -->
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(1) Please do not move or remove the onlyinclude tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial Service – Primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745512969 | '''Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|الموصل}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Mōṣul}}'', <small>[[North Mesopotamian Arabic|local pronunciation]]:</small> ''{{transl|ayp|el-Mōṣul}}'', {{lang-syr|ܡܘܨܠ|Māwṣil}}) is a city of normally about two and a half million people (2014 est.) in northern [[Iraq]], occupied since 10 June 2014 by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIS).<ref>{{Cite web|title = UN News - Security Council calls for eradicating ISIL safe havens in Syria and Iraq|url = http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52623#.VqlEzo_XKM8|website = UN News Service Section|date = 2015-11-20|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><ref>"U.S. State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations".</ref><ref>Akyol, Mustafa (21 December 2015). "A Medieval Antidote to ISIS". ''New York Times''. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</ref> Mosul is the last remaining Iraqi city under ISIS control. The [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|Battle of Mosul]], a massive military offensive to liberate the city, began in October 2016, and is the largest deployment of Iraqi forces since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 invasion by U.S. and coalition forces]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawramy|first1=Fazel|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|title=Iraqi and Kurdish forces close in on Mosul after making quick gains|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/20/mosul-attack-kurdish-forces-launch-large-scale-operation-against-isis-in-iraq|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T15:18:52Z | '''Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|الموصل}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Mōṣul}}'', <small>[[North Mesopotamian Arabic|local pronunciation]]:</small> ''{{transl|ayp|el-Mōṣul}}'', {{lang-syr|ܡܘܨܠ|Māwṣil}}) is a city of normally about two and a half million people (2014 est.) in northern [[Iraq]], occupied since 10 June 2014 by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIS).<ref>{{Cite web|title = UN News - Security Council calls for eradicating ISIL safe havens in Syria and Iraq|url = http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52623#.VqlEzo_XKM8|website = UN News Service Section|date = 2015-11-20|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><ref>"U.S. State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations".</ref><ref>Akyol, Mustafa (21 December 2015). "A Medieval Antidote to ISIS". ''New York Times''. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</ref> Mosul is the last remaining Iraqi city under ISIS control. The [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|Battle of Mosul]], a massive military offensive to re-take the city, began in October 2016, and is the largest deployment of Iraqi forces since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 invasion by U.S. and coalition forces]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawramy|first1=Fazel|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|title=Iraqi and Kurdish forces close in on Mosul after making quick gains|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/20/mosul-attack-kurdish-forces-launch-large-scale-operation-against-isis-in-iraq|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T15:21:01Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744806249 | ==Causes of groupshift== | 2016-10-17T10:20:32Z | ==Causes== | 2016-10-17T15:07:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745026744 | Halsey drew her inspiration for "Hurricane" from the literary-fiction novel, ''The Wanderess''<ref>{{Citation|last=Halsey|title=Halsey - Hurricane|date=2016-10-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR9G7ioLLmc|inventor-surname=Roman Payne|accessdate=2014-11-01}}</ref> (2013), by Author, Roman Payne.<ref>{{Citation|last=Roman Payne|title=YouTube|date=2016-10-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR9G7ioLLmc||inventor-last=Payne|accessdate=2013-11-01}}[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR9G7ioLLmc]</ref> | 2016-10-18T21:55:09Z | Halsey drew her inspiration for "Hurricane" from the literary-fiction novel, ''The Wanderess'' (2013), by Author, Roman Payne.{{cn|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-18T22:00:10Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741745481 | *[[Ericsson (disambiguation)]] | 2015-09-22T15:32:23Z | *[[Ericsson (disambiguation) (disambiguation)|Ericsson (disambiguation)]] | 2016-09-29T11:43:46Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743126984 | ''Appearance and Reality'' comprises two volumes: "Appearance" and "Reality". Bradley argues in the first volume that most things, including objects and their qualities, time and space, causation, the self, and things-in-themselves, are appearances, while in the second volume he attempts to describe the reality these appearances misrepresent to us: the Absolute, a single cosmic experience of which people are components. Ordinary concepts provide a pragmatically useful way of thinking about the world, but being incoherent they cannot provide a satisfactory grasp of reality. Reality, as predicate, is a matter of degree: concepts are true or false of reality in different degrees. The concept of the Absolute is only a way of attempting to understand something that cannot be fully comprehended. Bradley tries to establish these conclusions by arguing that reality must have a unitary togetherness that cannot be captured by the ordinary conception of many distinct things in relation, and that all concrete reality must somehow be psychical in nature. Reality is one vast eternal self-experiencing many-in-one.<ref name="Sprigge" /> | 2016-10-08T00:34:02Z | ''Appearance and Reality'' comprises two volumes: "Appearance" and "Reality". Bradley argues in the first that most things, including objects and their qualities, time and space, causation, the self, and things-in-themselves, are appearances, while in the second he attempts to describe the reality these appearances misrepresent to us: the Absolute, a single cosmic experience of which people are components. Ordinary concepts provide a pragmatically useful way of thinking about the world, but being incoherent they cannot provide a satisfactory grasp of reality. Reality, as predicate, is a matter of degree: concepts are true or false of reality in different degrees. The concept of the Absolute is only a way of attempting to understand something that cannot be fully comprehended. Bradley tries to establish these conclusions by arguing that reality must have a unitary togetherness that cannot be captured by the ordinary conception of many distinct things in relation, and that all concrete reality must somehow be psychical in nature.<ref name="Sprigge" /> | 2016-10-08T00:35:13Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742845440 | | record_attendance = 40,209 (Vasco da Gama 0–2 [[Londrina Esporte Clube|Londrina]], February 19, 1978)<ref>{{citar web |url= http://www.netvasco.com.br/news/noticias13/41059.shtml|title= Estádio de São Januário completa 80 anos|work=netvasco.com.br|date=April 21, 2007|accessdate= November 6, 2015|language=pt}}</ref>
Source:<ref>{{citar web |url= http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2015/11/pra-ver-ingles-e-o-expresso-em-1949-sao-januario-recebeu-60-mil-pessoas.html|title= Pra ver inglês e o Expresso: em 1949, São Januário recebeu 60 mil pessoas|work=globoesporte.globo.com|date= November 18, 2015|accessdate= November 19, 2015|language=pt}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T03:28:10Z | | record_attendance = 40,209 (Vasco da Gama 0–2 [[Londrina Esporte Clube|Londrina]], February 19, 1978)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.netvasco.com.br/news/noticias13/41059.shtml|title= Estádio de São Januário completa 80 anos|work=netvasco.com.br|date=April 21, 2007|accessdate= November 6, 2015|language=pt}}</ref>
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url= http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2015/11/pra-ver-ingles-e-o-expresso-em-1949-sao-januario-recebeu-60-mil-pessoas.html|title= Pra ver inglês e o Expresso: em 1949, São Januário recebeu 60 mil pessoas|work=globoesporte.globo.com|date= November 18, 2015|accessdate= November 19, 2015|language=pt}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T04:37:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746307277 | *[[Jack Ryan (politician)]] (born 1959), former candidate for United States Senator from Illinois and ex-husband of actress Jeri Ryan
*[[Jack Ryan (designer)]] (1926–1991), designer and Zsa Zsa Gabor's sixth husband
*[[Jack Ryan (FBI agent)]], former FBI agent | 2016-10-26T15:45:46Z |
== Fiction ==
== Sports ==
== Other people ==
*[[Jack Ryan (politician)]] (born 1959), former candidate for United States Senator from Illinois and ex-husband of actress Jeri Ryan
*[[Jack Ryan (designer)]] (1926–1991), designer and Zsa Zsa Gabor's sixth husband
*[[Jack Ryan (FBI agent)]], former FBI agent | 2016-10-26T16:05:50Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742329127 | [[1911 Carlisle Indians football team|1911]] was another stand-out year for Carlisle football, posting a 11–1 record.<ref name=records/> Thorpe had grown to {{Convert|180|lb|kg|abbr=on}} – big enough to be a starter. The team defeated [[1911 Harvard Crimson football team|Harvard]] 18 to 15, with Thorpe scoring all of Carlisle's points. [[Walter Camp]] selected Thorpe first-team All-American. One source claims Thorpe was "recognized as the greatest player of the year and a man whose kicking is likely to revolutionize the game."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2122372//|title=The Year In Football|page=17|date=December 31, 1911|accessdate=April 2, 2015|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|work=The Houston Post}} {{Open access}}</ref> | 2016-10-03T02:03:37Z | [[1911 Carlisle Indians football team|1911]] was another stand-out year for Carlisle football, posting a 11–1 record.<ref name=records/> Thorpe had grown to {{Convert|180|lb|kg|abbr=on}} – big enough to be a starter. The team defeated [[1911 Harvard Crimson football team|Harvard]] 18 to 15, with Thorpe scoring all of Carlisle's field goals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2015-11-11/jim-thorpe-leads-carlisle-upset-harvard-1911|title=Jim Thorpe leads Carlisle to upset of Harvard in 1911|last=|first=|date=2015-11-11|website=ncaa.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-03}}</ref> [[Walter Camp]] selected Thorpe first-team All-American. One source claims Thorpe was "recognized as the greatest player of the year and a man whose kicking is likely to revolutionize the game."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2122372//|title=The Year In Football|page=17|date=December 31, 1911|accessdate=April 2, 2015|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|work=The Houston Post}} {{Open access}}</ref> | 2016-10-03T02:13:03Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743649256 | | image =
| other_names = The Machine
|birth_place = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|11|3|mf=y}}
|language = English | 2016-09-01T09:21:44Z | |image = Bert Kreischer in 2012.jpg
|other_names = The Machine
|birth_place = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|11|3|mf=y}} | 2016-10-10T15:21:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741774969 | In 2010 Republicans won control of most counties. The Democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments including [[Baltimore City]].{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} | 2016-09-23T12:58:14Z | In 2010 Republicans won control of most counties. The Democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments including [[Baltimore City]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Official Gubernatorial General Election results for Maryland|url=http://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2010/results/Primary/index.html|website=The State Board of Elections|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-29T15:58:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741537881 | Born in [[Iran]], Gebelli moved to the [[United States]] to study [[computer science]]. In 1980, Gebelli started Sirius Software with Jerry Jewell. While part of Sirius Software, Gebelli developed advanced graphics techniques for the Apple II.<ref name="cgw_1982">{{Cite journal|work=[[Computer Gaming World]]|date=September–October 1982|volume=2|issue=5|page=2|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1982&pub=2&id=6 | title=List of Top Sellers}}</ref> Gebelli's first project for the [[Apple II]] was ''EasyDraw'', a logo and character creation program which he used for his later games.<ref name="nextgen" /> At this time, Gebelli gained a reputation for producing games at a rapid pace, as many as 12 in a year.{{cn|date=September 2016}} Among those were his best-selling personal computer games ''[[Space Eggs]]'' and ''[[Gorgon (computer game)|Gorgon]]'', <ref name=Moby/> which were clones of ''[[Moon Cresta]]'' and ''[[Defender (video game)|Defender]]'' respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nasir Gebelli and the early days of Sirius Software|url=http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2015_08_01_archive.html|website=The Golden Age Arcade Historian}}</ref> ''Gorgon'' in particular sold 23,000 copies within a year, making it one of the [[List of best-selling PC video games|best-selling computer games]] through 1982.<ref name="cgw_1982" /> | 2016-09-22T21:24:52Z | Born in [[Iran]], Gebelli moved to the [[United States]] to study [[computer science]]. In 1980, Gebelli started Sirius Software with Jerry Jewell. While part of Sirius Software, Gebelli developed advanced graphics techniques for the Apple II.<ref name="cgw_1982">{{Cite journal|work=[[Computer Gaming World]]|date=September–October 1982|volume=2|issue=5|page=2|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1982&pub=2&id=6 | title=List of Top Sellers}}</ref> Gebelli's first project for the [[Apple II]] was ''EasyDraw'', a logo and character creation program which he used for his later games.<ref name="nextgen" /> Among those were his best-selling personal computer games ''[[Space Eggs]]'' and ''[[Gorgon (computer game)|Gorgon]]'',<ref name=Moby/> which were clones of ''[[Moon Cresta]]'' and ''[[Defender (video game)|Defender]]'' respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nasir Gebelli and the early days of Sirius Software|url=http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2015_08_01_archive.html|website=The Golden Age Arcade Historian}}</ref> ''Gorgon'' in particular sold 23,000 copies within a year, making it one of the [[List of best-selling PC video games|best-selling computer games]] through 1982.<ref name="cgw_1982" /> | 2016-09-28T03:50:44Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741498755 | <ref name="sang150313">{{cite news |first=Charles |last=Bryce |newspaper=[[San Angelo Standard-Times]] |publisher=[[E. W. Scripps Company]] |location=[[San Angelo, TX]] |title=Bandits looking to defend last year's title |url=http://www.gosanangelo.com/sports/san-angelo-bandits/san-angelo-bandits-team-opens-season-saturday-at-home_18149302 |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=May 6, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="kwch150528">{{cite news |first=Jake |last=Copp |publisher=[[KWCH-DT]] |location=[[Salina, KS]] |title=Salina Bombers dissolving football team |url=http://www.kwch.com/news/local-news/salina-bombers-dissolving-football-team/33268516 |date=May 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> | 2016-07-31T13:06:37Z | <ref name="sang150313">{{cite news|first=Charles |last=Bryce |newspaper=[[San Angelo Standard-Times]] |publisher=[[E. W. Scripps Company]] |location=[[San Angelo, TX]] |title=Bandits looking to defend last year's title |url=http://www.gosanangelo.com/sports/san-angelo-bandits/san-angelo-bandits-team-opens-season-saturday-at-home_18149302 |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=May 6, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103112/http://www.gosanangelo.com/sports/san-angelo-bandits/san-angelo-bandits-team-opens-season-saturday-at-home_18149302 |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="kwch150528">{{cite news|first=Jake |last=Copp |publisher=[[KWCH-DT]] |location=[[Salina, KS]] |title=Salina Bombers dissolving football team |url=http://www.kwch.com/news/local-news/salina-bombers-dissolving-football-team/33268516 |date=May 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 1, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529003019/http://www.kwch.com/news/local-news/salina-bombers-dissolving-football-team/33268516 |archivedate=May 29, 2015 |df= }}</ref> | 2016-09-27T21:52:25Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741704822 | {{fb out2 player |tc=CYP |bg=y |p=[[Giorgos Tasouris]] |age={{age|1996|1|16|2016|6|3}} |n=96 |pos=GK |nb=CYP |eu=y |ncl={{flagicon|CYP}} [[Ethnikos Assia F.C.|Ethnikos Assia]] |type=Mutual consent {{n}} |w=S |e=2017 |f=Free |os=[http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=15225&tt=graphic&lang=l1 apoelfc.com.cy]}} | 2016-09-28T14:38:37Z | {{fb out2 player |tc=CYP |bg=y |p=[[Giorgos Tasouris]] |age={{age|1996|1|16|2016|6|3}} |n=96 |pos=GK |nb=CYP |eu=y |ncl={{flagicon|CYP}} [[Ethnikos Assia F.C.|Ethnikos Assia]] |type=Mutual consent {{n}} |w=S |e=2017 |f=Free |os=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160805085151/http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=15225&tt=graphic&lang=l1 apoelfc.com.cy]}} | 2016-09-29T04:39:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742769976 | '''Moxie Marlinspike''' ([[pseudonym]]<ref name="Rosenblum-2016-04-26">{{cite web|last1=Rosenblum|first1=Andrew|title=Moxie Marlinspike Makes Encryption for Everyone|url=http://www.popsci.com/moxie-marlinspike-makes-encryption-for-everyone|website=Popular Science|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|accessdate=9 July 2016|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>) is a [[computer security]] researcher and [[cypherpunk]]. His research has focused primarily on techniques for intercepting communication, as well as methods for strengthening communication infrastructure against interception. Marlinspike is the former head of the security team at [[Twitter]]<ref name="Hern-2014-10-17"/> and founder of [[Open Whisper Systems]].<ref name="fortune-40-under-40"/> He is the author of a proposed SSL authentication system replacement called [[Convergence (SSL)|Convergence]],<ref name="Messmer-2011-1012">{{cite web|last=Messmer|first=Ellen |title=The SSL certificate industry can and should be replaced|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/101211-ssl-moxie-marlinspike-251882.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301071953/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/101211-ssl-moxie-marlinspike-251882.html|archivedate=1 March 2014|website=Network World|publisher=IDG|date=12 October 2011|accessdate=25 September 2016}}</ref> co-author of the [[Signal Protocol]], and a member of the Institute for Disruptive Studies.<ref name="Greene-2011-08-18"/> He runs a cloud-based [[Wi-Fi Protected Access|WPA]] cracking service<ref name="pcworld2" /> and manages a targeted anonymity service called GoogleSharing.<ref name="forbes1" /> | 2016-10-05T09:51:42Z | '''Moxie Marlinspike''' ([[pseudonym]]<ref name="Rosenblum-2016-04-26">{{cite web|last1=Rosenblum|first1=Andrew|title=Moxie Marlinspike Makes Encryption for Everyone|url=http://www.popsci.com/moxie-marlinspike-makes-encryption-for-everyone|website=Popular Science|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|accessdate=9 July 2016|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>) is a [[computer security]] researcher and [[cypherpunk]]. His research has focused primarily on techniques for intercepting communication, as well as methods for strengthening communication infrastructure against interception. Marlinspike was the head of the security team at [[Twitter]]<ref name="Hern-2014-10-17"/> and founder of [[Open Whisper Systems]].<ref name="fortune-40-under-40"/> He is the author of a proposed SSL authentication system replacement called [[Convergence (SSL)|Convergence]],<ref name="Messmer-2011-1012">{{cite web|last=Messmer|first=Ellen |title=The SSL certificate industry can and should be replaced|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/101211-ssl-moxie-marlinspike-251882.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301071953/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/101211-ssl-moxie-marlinspike-251882.html|archivedate=1 March 2014|website=Network World|publisher=IDG|date=12 October 2011|accessdate=25 September 2016}}</ref> co-author of the [[Signal Protocol]], and a member of the Institute for Disruptive Studies.<ref name="Greene-2011-08-18"/> He runs a cloud-based [[Wi-Fi Protected Access|WPA]] cracking service<ref name="pcworld2" /> and manages a targeted anonymity service called GoogleSharing.<ref name="forbes1" /> | 2016-10-05T17:54:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741656678 | Not long after the murder, the parents left Boulder and moved to a new home in Atlanta. Two of the lead investigators in the case resigned, one because he believed that the investigation had incompetently overlooked the intruder hypothesis, and the other because he believed that the investigation had failed to successfully prosecute the Ramseys.<ref name= courttv /> Even so, remaining investigators are still trying to identify a possible suspect.
In December 2003, forensic investigators extracted enough material from a mixed blood sample found on JonBenét's underwear to establish a [[DNA]] profile.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/16/48hours/main661569.shtml |work=CBS News |title=JonBenet: DNA Rules Out Parents |date=December 16, 2004}}</ref> That DNA belonged to an unknown male person. The DNA was submitted to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI's]] [[Combined DNA Index System]] (CODIS), a database containing more than 1.6 million DNA profiles, mainly from convicted felons. However, the sample did not match any profile in the database. | 2016-09-28T21:33:23Z | Not long after the murder, the parents left Boulder and moved to a new home in Atlanta. Two of the lead investigators in the case resigned, one because he believed that the investigation had incompetently overlooked the intruder hypothesis, and the other because he believed that the investigation had failed to successfully prosecute the Ramseys.<ref name= courttv />
As of September 2016, the investigation into JonBenet's death is an active case, per Boulder Police Chief Greg Testa.<ref name="DC Brennan">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_30317043/boulder-police-chief-updates-jonbenet-ramsey-case-20 | title=Boulder police chief updates JonBenet Ramsey case, 20 years on | author=Charlie Brennan | publisher=[[Daily Camera]] | date=September 1, 2016 | accessdate=September 26, 2016 }}</ref>{{efn|Boulder Police Chief Greg Testa stated in September 2016 that "To date, the Boulder Police Department has processed more than 1,500 pieces of evidence, including the analysis of over 200 DNA samples. [...] Our major crimes unit has received and reviewed or investigated over 20,000 tips, letters or emails. Our detectives have traveled to over 18 states and interviewed or spoken with more than 1,000 individuals."<ref name="DC Brennan" />}}
In December 2003, forensic investigators extracted enough material from a mixed blood sample found on JonBenét's underwear to establish a [[DNA]] profile.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/16/48hours/main661569.shtml |work=CBS News |title=JonBenet: DNA Rules Out Parents |date=December 16, 2004}}</ref> That DNA belonged to an unknown male person. The DNA was submitted to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI's]] [[Combined DNA Index System]] (CODIS), a database containing more than 1.6 million DNA profiles, but he sample did not match any profile in the database.<ref name="DC Brennan" /> | 2016-09-28T21:50:30Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741755143 | '''Sir Parshurambhau College''' ('''S.P. College''') is a college in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India. Established in 1916,<ref>{{Cite web | title = SP College honours alumni on 98th foundation day| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/1848169/report-sp-college-honours-alumni-on-98th-foundation-day | publisher =Daily News Analysis | date =Jun 15, 2013 | accessdate = 4 July 2013 }}</ref> as New Poona College at the hands of the British Governor Lord Willingdon. The college was renamed as Sir Parashurambhau College as a mark of gratitude towards the then ruler of [[Jamkhandi State]] who donated Rs. Two lakhs in the memory of his father, Parshurambhau Patwardhan. The college is governed by the [[Shikshan Prasarak Mandali]] education society. S.P.College provides a good platform for cultural activities and promotes students to cultivate their skills.The present site of the college was leased to the Shikshan Prasarak Mandali by Shri. Sardar Jagannath Maharaj Pandit at the request of Lokmanya Tilak. | 2016-09-29T09:16:49Z | '''Sir Parshurambhau College''' ('''S.P. College''') is a college in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India. Established in 1916,<ref>{{Cite web | title = SP College honours alumni on 98th foundation day| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/1848169/report-sp-college-honours-alumni-on-98th-foundation-day | publisher =Daily News Analysis | date =Jun 15, 2013 | accessdate = 4 July 2013 }}</ref> as New Poona College at the hands of the British Governor Lord Willingdon. The college was renamed as Sir Parashurambhau College as a mark of gratitude towards the then ruler of [[Jamkhandi State]] who donated Rs. Two lakhs in the memory of his father, Parshurambhau Patwardhan. The college is governed by the [[Shikshan Prasarak Mandali]] education society. S.P.College provides a good platform for cultural activities and promotes students to cultivate their skills.The present site of the college was leased to the Shikshan Prasarak Mandali by Shri. Sardar Jagannath Maharaj Pandit at the request of Lokmanya Tilak{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=September 2016}}. | 2016-09-29T13:18:17Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745732042 | #REDIRECT [[Sonjas Rückkehr]] | 2015-03-03T21:44:02Z | '''Her Second Chance''' may refer to:
* ''[[Sonjas Rückkehr]]'', a 2006 Swiss film also known as ''Her Second Chance''
* [[Her Second Chance (1926 film)|''Her Second Chance'' (1926 film)]], a lost 1926 silent film
{{disambiguation}}
{{Short pages monitor}}<!-- This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special:Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template:Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well.--> | 2016-10-23T00:00:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746216076 | In addition, Brooklyn College (one of the four year colleges in the [[CUNY]] system) is shared between the neighborhoods of Flatbush and [[Midwood]].
Several Jewish yeshivas are within the neighborhood, including the above mentioned [[Mir Yeshiva]], [[Chaim Berlin]], [[Torah Vodaath]], The Yeshiva of Brooklyn, Shaare HaTorah, and the [[Chofetz Chaim]]. the Yeshivah of Flatbush, Tomchei Tmimim, Ateret Torah, among many others. Combined, they form an important center of Jewish learning.<ref name="Orthodox Jews in America" >{{Cite Book | title=Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook| author=Moshe D. Sherman||url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgMCSrDxKGAC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | 2016-10-24T05:39:38Z | Brooklyn College (one of the four-year colleges in the [[City University of New York]] system) is shared between the neighborhoods of Flatbush and [[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwood]].<ref>[http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/about/campus/visit.php Maps and Directions], [[Brooklyn College]]. Accessed October 25, 2016. "Brooklyn College is located on a 35-acre campus in the Midwood / Flatbush neighborhoods. The college is easily accessible by car and public transportation."</ref>
Several Jewish yeshivas are within the neighborhood, including the above mentioned [[Mir Yeshiva (Brooklyn)|Mir Yeshiva]], [[Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin]], [[Yeshiva Torah Vodaas]], among many others. Combined, they form an important center of Jewish learning.<ref name="Orthodox Jews in America" >{{Cite Book | title=Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook| author=Moshe D. Sherman||url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgMCSrDxKGAC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | 2016-10-26T00:23:42Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743064677 | Since this is a unit sphere, the lengths {{math|''a'', ''b''}}, and {{math|''c''}} are simply equal to the angles (in [[radian]]s) subtended by those sides from the center of the sphere (for a non-unit sphere, they are the distances divided by the radius). As a special case, for {{math|''C'' {{=}} {{sfrac|π|2}}}}, then {{math|cos ''C'' {{=}} 0}}, and one obtains the spherical analogue of the [[Pythagorean theorem]]: | 2016-01-02T23:06:37Z | Since this is a unit sphere, the lengths {{math|''a'', ''b''}}, and {{math|''c''}} are simply equal to the angles (in [[radian]]s) subtended by those sides from the center of the sphere (for a non-unit sphere, the lengths are the subtended angles times the radius). As a special case, for {{math|''C'' {{=}} {{sfrac|π|2}}}}, then {{math|cos ''C'' {{=}} 0}}, and one obtains the spherical analogue of the [[Pythagorean theorem]]: | 2016-10-07T15:45:39Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742958306 | According to the Washington Post, many elected officials including Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) and numerous members of the California legislature have called for him to resign or be removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/07/12/yale-dishwasher-resigns-after-smashing-racist-very-degrading-stained-glass-window/|title=A Yale dishwasher broke a ‘racist’ windowpane. Now, he’s fighting to reclaim his job.|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-09-03}} {{not in citation given|date=September 2016}}</ref> The Post also reports that a former Santa Clara County judge called the sentence a clear example of “bias” and “white privilege.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/21/law-professor-judge-should-be-recalled-for-his-role-in-the-stanford-sexual-assault-case/|title=Law professor: Judge should be recalled for his role in the Stanford sexual assault case|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-09-03}}</ref> | 2016-09-14T23:04:29Z | The Post reports that a former Santa Clara County judge called the sentence a clear example of “bias” and “white privilege.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/21/law-professor-judge-should-be-recalled-for-his-role-in-the-stanford-sexual-assault-case/|title=Law professor: Judge should be recalled for his role in the Stanford sexual assault case|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-09-03}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T21:48:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743893435 | |image = Jeremy Strong 2014.jpg | 2016-10-11T18:53:09Z | |image = JeremyStrong2016.jpg | 2016-10-11T21:45:35Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742096706 | Rulli would frequently joke about his struggles in relationships on his radio show, even to the point of discussing his problems with a [[dating coach]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TCGS Podcast #56: Lino's personal dating coach Anthony Buono...and Lino's Mom!|url=http://catholicguyshow.libsyn.com/tcgs-podcast56-anthony-buono-lino-s-mom|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> After years of this recurring theme, Rulli announced his engagement to his girlfriend, Jill, in May 2015. They married at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]] on April 22, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Catholic Guy Podcast #210: Lino got engaged!|url=http://catholicguyshow.libsyn.com/catholic-guy-podcast-210-lino-got-engaged|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> Rulli is nationally recognized for having one of the larges proboscises in the United States. | 2016-09-28T14:32:03Z | Rulli would frequently joke about his struggles in relationships on his radio show, even to the point of discussing his problems with a [[dating coach]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TCGS Podcast #56: Lino's personal dating coach Anthony Buono...and Lino's Mom!|url=http://catholicguyshow.libsyn.com/tcgs-podcast56-anthony-buono-lino-s-mom|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> After years of this recurring theme, Rulli announced his engagement to his girlfriend, Jill, in May 2015. They married at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]] on April 22, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Catholic Guy Podcast #210: Lino got engaged!|url=http://catholicguyshow.libsyn.com/catholic-guy-podcast-210-lino-got-engaged|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-01T17:55:20Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745708290 | | birth_place = [[Beauport, Quebec|Beauport]], [[Quebec|QC]], [[Canada|CAN]]
'''Manon Rhéaume''' (born February 24, 1972) is a former [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[ice hockey]] [[goaltender]]. An [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[silver medal]]ist, she achieved a number of historic firsts during her career.
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Female ice hockey goaltenders]]
[[Category:American sportswomen]]
[[Category:Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Canada]] | 2016-10-20T14:06:06Z | | birth_place = [[Beauport, Quebec]], Canada
'''Manon Rhéaume''' (born February 24, 1972) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] former [[ice hockey]] [[goaltender]]. An [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[silver medal]]ist, she achieved a number of historic firsts during her career.
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American sportswomen]]
[[Category:Female ice hockey goaltenders]]
[[Category:Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Canada]] | 2016-10-22T20:37:33Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741838769 | A '''shill,''' also called a '''plant''' or a '''stooge,''' is a person who publicly helps or gives credibility to a person or organization without disclosing that they have a close relationship with the person or organization. Shills can carry out their operations in the areas of media, journalism, marketing or other business areas or in cons or confidence games. A shill may also act to discredit opponents or critics of the person or organization in which they have a vested interest through [[character assassination]] or other means.
''The shill'' purposely gives onlookers, potential participants or "marks" the impression that he is an enthusiastic customer independent of the seller (or marketer of ideas), grifter, or "con" for whom they are secretly working. The person or group in league with the shill relies on [[crowd psychology]] to encourage other onlookers or audience members to purchase the goods or services (or accept the ideas being marketed), or to trust and engage in business with the con. Shills are often employed by salespersons and professional marketing campaigns. ''Plant'' and ''stooge'' more commonly refer to any person who is secretly in league with another person or organization while pretending to be neutral or actually a part of the organization he is planted in, such as a magician's audience, a political party, or an intelligence organization (see [[double agent]]).{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} | 2016-09-28T19:21:30Z | A '''shill,''' also called a '''plant''' or a '''stooge,''' is a person who publicly helps or gives credibility to a person or organization without disclosing that they have a close relationship with the person or organization. Shills can carry out their operations in the areas of media, journalism, marketing, [[confidence game]]s, or other business areas. A shill may also act to discredit opponents or critics of the person or organization in which they have a vested interest through [[character assassination]] or other means.
In most uses, ''shill'' refers to someone who purposely gives onlookers, participants or "marks" the impression of an enthusiastic customer independent of the seller, marketer or con artist, for whom they are secretly working. The person or group in league with the shill relies on [[crowd psychology]] to encourage other onlookers or audience members to do business with the seller or accept the ideas they are promoting. Shills may be employed by salespeople and professional marketing campaigns. ''Plant'' and ''stooge'' more commonly refer to a person who is secretly in league with another person or outside organization while pretending to be neutral or a part of the organization in which they are planted, such as a magician's audience, a political party, or an intelligence organization (see [[double agent]]).{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} | 2016-09-30T00:07:37Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745386124 | Omar Gooding was born in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], on October 19, 1976, to Shirley (née Sullivan) and [[Cuba Gooding, Sr.]]. Gooding, Sr. is the lead singer for the [[The Main Ingredient (band)|The Main Ingredient]]. Omar Gooding's elder brother is [[Academy Award]]-winning actor [[Cuba Gooding, Jr.]]. He also has a son, Bradley Gooding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2013/08/21/omar-gooding-arrested-dui-wild-and-crazy-kids/|title=Omar Gooding Arrested -- 'Wild & Crazy Kids' Host Popped for DUI|work=http://www.tmz.com|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref> He attended [[North Hollywood High School (San Fernando Valley)|North Hollywood High School]] in [[North Hollywood]]. | 2016-10-19T10:46:15Z | Omar Gooding was born in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], on October 19, 1976, to Shirley (née Sullivan) and [[Cuba Gooding, Sr.]]. Gooding, Sr. is the lead singer for the [[The Main Ingredient (band)|The Main Ingredient]]. Omar Gooding's elder brother is [[Academy Award]]-winning actor [[Cuba Gooding, Jr.]]. He also has a son that is due February 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2013/08/21/omar-gooding-arrested-dui-wild-and-crazy-kids/|title=Omar Gooding Arrested -- 'Wild & Crazy Kids' Host Popped for DUI|work=http://www.tmz.com|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref> He attended [[North Hollywood High School (San Fernando Valley)|North Hollywood High School]] in [[North Hollywood]]. | 2016-10-20T20:25:32Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744538063 | | image =
'''Bungala Boys''' is a 1961 Australian [[family film]] directed and written by [[Jim Jeffrey]]. It was the second film made by the British Children's Film Foundation, following ''Bush Christmas''. | 2015-11-11T19:41:11Z | | image = "Bungala_Boys"_(1961).jpg
'''Bungala Boys''' is a 1961 Australian [[family film]] directed and written by [[Jim Jeffrey]].<ref>http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6fa540c9</ref> It was the second Australian based film made by the British [[Children's Film Foundation]], following ''[[Bush Christmas (1947 film)|Bush Christmas]]''. | 2016-10-15T22:02:16Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743471214 | ''Tunjos'' (from [[Chibcha language|Muysccubun]]: ''tunxo'')<ref>{{es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/Muisquismo/tunjo ''Tunjo''] - Muysccubun dictionary online</ref> are small votive offering figures produced in great quantities by the Muisca. They are found in various places on the Altiplano, mainly in lakes and rivers, and are the most common object housed in museum collections outside Colombia.<ref>{{es}} [http://artesanias-colombia.blogspot.com.co/2008/02/los-tunjos-muiscas.html ''Tunjos'' found in caves and other places]</ref><ref>[http://images.library.amnh.org/digital/index.php/items/show/40807 ''Tunjo'' in American Museum of Natural History]</ref><ref>[http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/artist/Muisca ''Tunjos'' in the Art Institute Chicago]</ref><ref>[http://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/view/objects/aslist/search@?t:state:flow=f883947a-3a30-4b0b-b2b6-f750b4419ab5 ''Tunjos'' in the Baltimore Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/themes/lost_kingdoms_of_south_america/muisca_and_tairona.aspx ''Tunjo'' in the British Museum]</ref><ref>[https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/97014/Standing_Human_Figure ''Tunjo'' in the Brooklyn Museum]</ref><ref>[http://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?collection_search_query=Muisca&op=search&form_build_id=form-3WgOItA0qaUGYiZm6xMQ6LfA3trcjs3GrhBh06xEja4&form_id=clevelandart_collection_search_form ''Tunjos'' in the Cleveland Art Museum]</ref><ref>[https://www.dma.org/collection/search?color_hex_exact=%23edc9af&medium_exact=tumbaga&artist_creator_exact=muisca ''Tunjos'' in the Dallas Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[http://www.huntmuseum.com/collection/collection-items/hcm-309.aspx ''Tunjo'' in Hunt Museum]</ref><ref>[http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!/search?artist=Chibcha ''Tunjos'' in the Metropolitan Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[https://collections.mfah.org/art/search?culture=Muisca&artist=Muisca&show=50 ''Tunjos'' in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]</ref><ref>[http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/30948 ''Tunjo'' in the Princeton University Art Museum]</ref><ref>[http://nmai.si.edu/exhibitions/infinityofnations/andes/178022.html ''Tunjo'' in the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian]</ref> The word ''tunjo'' was used first in the literature about the Muisca in 1854, by [[List of Muisca scholars|scholar]] [[Ezequiel Uricoechea]].<ref>Londoño, 1989, p.107</ref> The figurines are mostly [[anthropomorphic]] with other examples being [[zoomorphic]]. The ''tunjos'' were mostly elaborated using ''[[tumbaga]]''; an alloy of [[gold]], [[copper]] and [[silver]], some with [[trace element|traces]] of [[lead]] or [[iron]].<ref name=Museo/> The majority of ceramic or stone ''tunjos'' has been described from [[Mongua]], close to [[Sogamoso]].<ref>Sánchez, s.a., p.3</ref> The ''tunjos'' served three purposes; as decoration of temples and shrines, for offering rituals in the sacred lakes and rivers in the [[Muisca religion]], and as pieces in funerary practices; to accompany the dead to the afterlife.<ref name=Museo>{{es}} [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/meaneg/meaneg8.htm Description and metallurgy of ''tunjos''] - [[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Museo del Oro]] - [[Bogotá]]</ref> ''Tunjos'' were kept in the houses (''bohíos'') of the Muisca in ceramic human sculptures, together with [[emerald]]s.<ref name=Pena_p8>Peña Gama, p.8</ref> | 2016-10-09T20:19:34Z | ''Tunjos'' (from [[Chibcha language|Muysccubun]]: ''tunxo'')<ref>{{es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/Muisquismo/tunjo ''Tunjo''] - Muysccubun dictionary online</ref> are small votive offering figures produced in great quantities by the Muisca. They are found in various places on the Altiplano, mainly in lakes and rivers, and are the most common object housed in museum collections outside Colombia.<ref>{{es}} [http://artesanias-colombia.blogspot.com.co/2008/02/los-tunjos-muiscas.html ''Tunjos'' found in caves and other places]</ref><ref>[http://images.library.amnh.org/digital/index.php/items/show/40807 ''Tunjo'' in American Museum of Natural History]</ref><ref>[http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/artist/Muisca ''Tunjos'' in the Art Institute Chicago]</ref><ref>[http://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/view/objects/aslist/search@?t:state:flow=f883947a-3a30-4b0b-b2b6-f750b4419ab5 ''Tunjos'' in the Baltimore Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/themes/lost_kingdoms_of_south_america/muisca_and_tairona.aspx ''Tunjo'' in the British Museum]</ref><ref>[https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/97014/Standing_Human_Figure ''Tunjo'' in the Brooklyn Museum]</ref><ref>[http://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?collection_search_query=Muisca&op=search&form_build_id=form-3WgOItA0qaUGYiZm6xMQ6LfA3trcjs3GrhBh06xEja4&form_id=clevelandart_collection_search_form ''Tunjos'' in the Cleveland Art Museum]</ref><ref>[https://www.dma.org/collection/search?color_hex_exact=%23edc9af&medium_exact=tumbaga&artist_creator_exact=muisca ''Tunjos'' in the Dallas Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[http://www.huntmuseum.com/collection/collection-items/hcm-309.aspx ''Tunjo'' in Hunt Museum]</ref><ref>[http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!/search?artist=Chibcha ''Tunjos'' in the Metropolitan Museum of Art]</ref><ref>[https://collections.mfah.org/art/search?culture=Muisca&artist=Muisca&show=50 ''Tunjos'' in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]</ref><ref>[http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/30948 ''Tunjo'' in the Princeton University Art Museum]</ref><ref>[http://nmai.si.edu/exhibitions/infinityofnations/andes/178022.html ''Tunjo'' in the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian]</ref> The word ''tunjo'' was used first in the literature about the Muisca in 1854, by [[List of Muisca scholars|scholar]] [[Ezequiel Uricoechea]].<ref>Londoño, 1989, p.107</ref> The figurines are mostly [[anthropomorphic]] with other examples being [[zoomorphic]]. The ''tunjos'' were mostly elaborated using ''[[tumbaga]]''; an alloy of [[gold]], [[copper]] and [[silver]], some with [[trace element|traces]] of [[lead]] or [[iron]].<ref name=Museo/> The majority of ceramic or stone ''tunjos'' has been described from [[Mongua]], close to [[Sogamoso]].<ref>Sánchez, s.a., p.3</ref> The ''tunjos'' served three purposes; as decoration of temples and shrines, for offering rituals in the sacred lakes and rivers in the [[Muisca religion]], and as pieces in funerary practices; to accompany the dead to the afterlife.<ref name=Museo>{{es}} [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/meaneg/meaneg8.htm Description and metallurgy of ''tunjos''] - [[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Museo del Oro]] - [[Bogotá]]</ref> Ceramic human ''Tunjos'' were kept in the houses (''bohíos'') of the Muisca{{clarify}}, together with [[emerald]]s.<ref name=Pena_p8>Peña Gama, p.8</ref> | 2016-10-09T20:24:08Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744701524 | According to a review of school-based suicide prevention, an additional concern is that the IS PATH WARM warning signs were based on risk factors for suicide that appear across the lifespan. Having not been evaluated independently for youth, the author writes, the acronym's value in predicting suicidal behavior in children is uncertain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Berman AL 2009 |title=School-Based Suicide Prevention: Research Advances and Practice Implications |journal=School Psychology Review |publisher=National Association of School Psychologists |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages= 233–238 |doi=10.1521/suli.2009.39.2.194 }}<!--|accessdate=February 3, 2016--></ref>
In creating the "IS PATH WARM" mnemonic, one of the American Association of Suicidology's stated goals was to aid the general public in learning and recalling the warning signs of suicide. The Society's "IS PATH WARM" webpage explains: "These warning signs were compiled by a task force of expert clinical-researchers and 'translated' for the general public."<ref name=aas/>
*[[Suicide]]
*[[Suicidal ideation]] | 2016-10-16T20:54:40Z | According to a review of school-based [[suicide prevention]], an additional concern is that the IS PATH WARM warning signs were based on risk factors for [[suicide]] that appear across the lifespan. Having not been evaluated independently for youth, the author writes, the acronym's value in predicting suicidal behavior in children is uncertain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Berman AL 2009 |title=School-Based Suicide Prevention: Research Advances and Practice Implications |journal=School Psychology Review |publisher=National Association of School Psychologists |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages= 233–238 |doi=10.1521/suli.2009.39.2.194 }}<!--|accessdate=February 3, 2016--></ref>
In creating the "IS PATH WARM" mnemonic, one of the American Association of Suicidology's stated goals was to aid the general public in learning and recalling the [[warning signs of suicide]]. The Society's "IS PATH WARM" webpage explains: "These warning signs were compiled by a task force of expert clinical-researchers and 'translated' for the general public."<ref name=aas/> | 2016-10-16T22:46:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744154000 | Dylan has won many awards for his songwriting and performances; for a list of these accolades, see [[List of Bob Dylan awards]]. Much of his music has been bootleged; for an examination of this phenomenon, see [[Bob Dylan bootleg recordings]]. | 2016-10-03T01:23:42Z | Dylan has won many awards for his songwriting and performances, including the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature for his entire body of work<sup>17</sup>; for a list of these accolades, see [[List of Bob Dylan awards]]. Much of his music has been bootleged; for an examination of this phenomenon, see [[Bob Dylan bootleg recordings]]. | 2016-10-13T12:49:53Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745202121 | The '''scientific opinion on climate change''' is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which [[global warming]] is occurring, its causes, and its probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in [[Systematic review|synthesis reports]], by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their [[peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[Scientific journal|publications]], and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these respected reports and surveys.<ref name="Oreskes_consensus"/> | 2016-10-19T20:10:46Z | The '''scientific opinion on climate change''' is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which [[global warming]] is occurring, its causes, and its probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in [[Systematic review|synthesis reports]], by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their [[peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[Scientific journal|publications]], and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these respected reports and surveys.<ref name="Oreskes_consensus"/> This supposed consensus is based on a 5% response rate to a two question online-survey. | 2016-10-19T20:58:36Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744583860 | '''Enteritis''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[small intestine]]. It is most commonly caused by food or drink contaminated with [[pathogen]]ic microbes.<ref name=medline>Dugdale, David C., IIII, and George F Longretch., such as Serratia [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/001149.htm "Enteritis"]. [[MedlinePlus]] Medical Encyclopedia, 18 October 2008. Accessed 24 August 2009.</ref> but may have other causes such as [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[cocaine]], [[radiation therapy]] as well as [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune conditions]] like [[Crohn's disease|Crohn’s disease]] and [[Coeliac disease]]. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, [[diarrhea]], [[dehydration]], and [[fever]].<ref name=medline/> Related diseases include inflammation of the stomach ([[gastritis]]) and large intestine ([[colitis]]).
== Signs and Symptoms ==
[[Crohn's disease|Crohn’s disease]] - also known as regional enteritis, it can occur along any surface of the gastrointestinal tract. In 40% of cases it is limited to the small intestine.<ref name=":1" />
[[Coeliac disease]] - caused by an autoimmune reaction to gluten by genetically predisposed individuals.<ref name=":1" />
Eosinophilic enteropathy – a condition where [[Eosinophil|eosinophils]] build up in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, leading to polyp formation, necrosis, inflammation and ulcers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fleischer|first=David M.|last2=Atkins|first2=Dan|date=2009-02-01|title=Evaluation of the patient with suspected eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141341|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=29|issue=1|pages=53–63, ix|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2008.09.002|issn=1557-8607}}</ref>It is most commonly seen in patients with a history of [[atopy]], however is overall relatively uncommon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mori|first=Amit|last2=Enweluzo|first2=Chijioke|last3=Grier|first3=David|last4=Badireddy|first4=Madhu|date=2013-05-01|title=Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: review of a rare and treatable disease of the gastrointestinal tract|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904840|journal=Case Reports in Gastroenterology|volume=7|issue=2|pages=293–298|doi=10.1159/000354147|issn=1662-0631}}</ref>
In Germany, 90% of cases of infectious enteritis are caused by four pathogens, [[Norovirus]], [[Rotavirus]], [[Campylobacter]] and [[Salmonella]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Epple|first=H.-J.|last2=Zeitz|first2=M.|date=2011-09-01|title=[Infectious enteritis]|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21847579|journal=Der Internist|volume=52|issue=9|pages=1038, 1040–1044, 1046|doi=10.1007/s00108-011-2862-z|issn=1432-1289|pmid=21847579}}</ref>Other common causes of infectious enteritis include bacteria such as ''[[Shigella]]'' and ''[[Escherichia coli|E. Coli]],'' as well as viruses such as adenovirus, astrovirus and calicivirus. Other less common pathogens include ''[[Bacillus cereus]],[[Clostridium perfringens]],[[Clostridium difficile (bacteria)|Clostridium difficile]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC|title=Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management|last=Helms|first=Richard A.|last2=Quan|first2=David J.|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781757348|language=en}}</ref>
[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']] is one of the most common sources of infectious enteritis, and the most common bacterial pathogen found in 2 year old and smaller children with diarrhoea.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Coker|first=Akitoye O.|last2=Isokpehi|first2=Raphael D.|last3=Thomas|first3=Bolaji N.|last4=Amisu|first4=Kehinde O.|last5=Obi|first5=C. Larry|date=2016-10-14|title=Human Campylobacteriosis in Developing Countries1|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732465/|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=8|issue=3|pages=237–243|doi=10.3201/eid0803.010233|issn=1080-6040}}</ref> It has been linked to consumption of contaminated water and food, most commonly poultry and milk.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Colles|first=F. M.|last2=McCarthy|first2=N. D.|last3=Howe|first3=J. C.|last4=Devereux|first4=C. L.|last5=Gosler|first5=A. G.|last6=Maiden|first6=M. C. J.|date=2009-01-01|title=Dynamics of Campylobacter colonization of a natural host, Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling)|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x/abstract|journal=Environmental Microbiology|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=258–267|doi=10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x|issn=1462-2920}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Peterson|first=Michael C.|date=2003-05-01|title=Campylobacter jejuni enteritis associated with consumption of raw milk|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12762121|journal=Journal of Environmental Health|volume=65|issue=9|pages=20–21, 24, 26|issn=0022-0892}}</ref>The disease tends to be less severe in developing countries, due to the constant exposure which people have with the antigen in the environment, leading to early development of antibodies.<ref name=":4" />
Rotavirus is responsible for infecting 140 million people and causing 1 million deaths each year, mostly in children younger than 5 years. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Ramig|first=Robert F.|date=2004-10-01|title=Pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic rotavirus infection|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367586|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=78|issue=19|pages=10213–10220|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.19.10213-10220.2004|issn=0022-538X}}</ref>This makes it the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhoea and diarrhea-related deaths in the world.<ref name=":1" />It selectively targets mature enterocytes in the small intestine, causing malabsorption, as well as inducing secretion of water. It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility.<ref name=":5" /> The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea.
[[Clostridial necrotizing enteritis|Enteritis necroticans]] is an often fatal illness, caused by [[β-toxin]] of ''Clostridium perfringens.''<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Petrillo|first=T. M.|last2=Beck-Sagué|first2=C. M.|last3=Songer|first3=J. G.|last4=Abramowsky|first4=C.|last5=Fortenberry|first5=J. D.|last6=Meacham|first6=L.|last7=Dean|first7=A. G.|last8=Lee|first8=H.|last9=Bueschel|first9=D. M.|date=2000-04-27|title=Enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic child|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781621|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=342|issue=17|pages=1250–1253|doi=10.1056/NEJM200004273421704|issn=0028-4793}}</ref>This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It is most common in [[Developing country|developing countries]], however has also been documented in [[Aftermath of World War II|post-World War II]] [[Germany]].<ref name=":6" /> Risk factors for enteritis necroticans include decreased trypsin activity, which prevent intestinal degradation of the toxin, and reduced intestinal motility, which increases likelihood of toxin accumulation.
Ischemic enteritis is uncommon compared to ischemic colitis due to the highly vascularised nature of the small intestine<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Koshikawa|first=Yorimitsu|last2=Nakase|first2=Hiroshi|last3=Matsuura|first3=Minoru|last4=Yoshino|first4=Takuya|last5=Honzawa|first5=Yusuke|last6=Minami|first6=Naoki|last7=Yamada|first7=Satoshi|last8=Yasuhara|first8=Yumiko|last9=Fujii|first9=Shigehiko|date=2016-10-12|title=Ischemic enteritis with intestinal stenosis|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754528/|journal=Intestinal Research|volume=14|issue=1|pages=89–95|doi=10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.89|issn=1598-9100}}</ref>, allowing for sufficient blood flow in most situations. It develops due to [[Shock (circulatory)|circulatory shock]] of mesenteric vessels in the absence of major vessel occlusion, often associated with an underlying condition such as hypertension, arrhythmia or diabetes.<ref name=":0" /> Thus it has been considered to be associated with atherosclerosis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takeuchi|first=Nobuhiro|last2=Naba|first2=Kazuyoshi|date=2013-01-01|title=Small intestinal obstruction resulting from ischemic enteritis: a case report|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751282/|journal=Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=6|issue=4|pages=281–286|doi=10.1007/s12328-013-0393-y|issn=1865-7257}}</ref>Surgical treatment is usually required due to the likelihood of stenosis or complete occlusion of the small intestine.<ref name=":0" /> Ischemic damage can range from [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] [[infarction]], which is limited only to the mucosa; mural infarction of the mucosa and underlying [[submucosa]]; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall. Mucosal and mural infarcts in and of themselves may not be fatal, however may progress further to a transmural infarct.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Robbins Basic Pathology (9th Edition)|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|last2=Abbas|first2=Abul K.|last3=Aster|first3=Jon C.|last4=Robbins|first4=Stanley L.|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|year=2012|isbn=9781437717815|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=|via=}}</ref> This has the potential for perforation of the wall, leading to [[peritonitis]].
''Main article: [[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation Enteropathy]]''
Diagnosis may be simple in cases where the patient’s signs and symptoms are idiopathic to a specific cause. However this is generally not the case, considering that many pathogens which cause enteritis may exhibit the similar symptoms, especially early in the disease. In particular, ''campylobacter, shigella, salmonella'' and many other bacteria induce acute self-limited colitis, an inflammation of the lining of the colon which appears similar under the microscope.<ref name=":1" />
In cases where diarrhoea is present, replenishing fluids lost is recommended, and in cases with prolonged or severe diarrhoea which persists, intravenous rehydration therapy or antibiotics may be required<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zEZOqB6r9hwC|title=Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features|last=Feldman|first=Mark|last2=Friedman|first2=Lawrence S.|last3=Brandt|first3=Lawrence J.|date=2010-05-03|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=1437727670|language=en}}</ref>. A simple [[Oral rehydration therapy|Oral Rehydration Solution]] (ORS) can be made by dissolving one teaspoon of salt, eight teaspoons of sugar and the juice of an orange into one litre of clean water.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC|title=Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control: A Global Perspective|last=Webber|first=Roger|date=2009-01-01|publisher=CABI|isbn=9781845935054|language=en}}</ref> Studies have shown the efficacy of antibiotics in reducing the duration of the symptoms of infectious enteritis of bacterial origin, however antibiotic treatments are usually not required due to the self-limiting duration of infectious enteritis.<ref name=":3" />
== References ==
| 2016-10-16T05:11:29Z | '''Enteritis''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[small intestine]]. It is most commonly caused by food or drink contaminated with [[pathogen]]ic microbes.<ref name=medline>Dugdale, David C., IIII, and George F Longretch., such as Serratia [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/001149.htm "Enteritis"]. [[MedlinePlus]] Medical Encyclopedia, 18 October 2008. Accessed 24 August 2009.</ref> but may have other causes such as [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[cocaine]], [[radiation therapy]] as well as [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune conditions]] like [[Crohn's disease]] and [[Coeliac disease]]. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, [[Diarrhea|diarrhoea]], [[dehydration]], and [[fever]].<ref name=medline/> Related diseases include inflammation of the stomach ([[gastritis]]) and large intestine ([[colitis]]).
== Signs and symptoms ==
[[Crohn's disease]] – also known as regional enteritis, it can occur along any surface of the gastrointestinal tract. In 40% of cases it is limited to the small intestine.<ref name=":1" />
[[Coeliac disease]] – caused by an autoimmune reaction to gluten by genetically predisposed individuals.<ref name=":1" />
Eosinophilic enteropathy – a condition where [[eosinophil]]s build up in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, leading to polyp formation, necrosis, inflammation and ulcers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fleischer|first=David M.|last2=Atkins|first2=Dan|date=2009-02-01|title=Evaluation of the patient with suspected eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141341|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=29|issue=1|pages=53–63, ix|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2008.09.002|issn=1557-8607}}</ref> It is most commonly seen in patients with a history of [[atopy]], however is overall relatively uncommon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mori|first=Amit|last2=Enweluzo|first2=Chijioke|last3=Grier|first3=David|last4=Badireddy|first4=Madhu|date=2013-05-01|title=Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: review of a rare and treatable disease of the gastrointestinal tract|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904840|journal=Case Reports in Gastroenterology|volume=7|issue=2|pages=293–298|doi=10.1159/000354147|issn=1662-0631}}</ref>
In Germany, 90% of cases of infectious enteritis are caused by four pathogens, [[Norovirus]], [[Rotavirus]], ''[[Campylobacter]]'' and ''[[Salmonella]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Epple|first=H.-J.|last2=Zeitz|first2=M.|date=2011-09-01|title=[Infectious enteritis]|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21847579|journal=Der Internist|volume=52|issue=9|pages=1038, 1040–1044, 1046|doi=10.1007/s00108-011-2862-z|issn=1432-1289|pmid=21847579}}</ref> Other common causes of infectious enteritis include bacteria such as ''[[Shigella]]'' and ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]],'' as well as viruses such as adenovirus, astrovirus and calicivirus. Other less common pathogens include ''[[Bacillus cereus]],[[Clostridium perfringens]],[[Clostridium difficile (bacteria)|Clostridium difficile]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC|title=Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management|last=Helms|first=Richard A.|last2=Quan|first2=David J.|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781757348}}</ref>
''[[Campylobacter jejuni]]'' is one of the most common sources of infectious enteritis, and the most common bacterial pathogen found in 2 year old and smaller children with diarrhoea.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Coker|first=Akitoye O.|last2=Isokpehi|first2=Raphael D.|last3=Thomas|first3=Bolaji N.|last4=Amisu|first4=Kehinde O.|last5=Obi|first5=C. Larry|date=2016-10-14|title=Human Campylobacteriosis in Developing Countries1|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732465/|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=8|issue=3|pages=237–243|doi=10.3201/eid0803.010233|issn=1080-6040}}</ref> It has been linked to consumption of contaminated water and food, most commonly poultry and milk.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Colles|first=F. M.|last2=McCarthy|first2=N. D.|last3=Howe|first3=J. C.|last4=Devereux|first4=C. L.|last5=Gosler|first5=A. G.|last6=Maiden|first6=M. C. J.|date=2009-01-01|title=Dynamics of Campylobacter colonization of a natural host, Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling)|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x/abstract|journal=Environmental Microbiology|volume=11|issue=1|pages=258–267|doi=10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x|issn=1462-2920}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Peterson|first=Michael C.|date=2003-05-01|title=Campylobacter jejuni enteritis associated with consumption of raw milk|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12762121|journal=Journal of Environmental Health|volume=65|issue=9|pages=20–21, 24, 26|issn=0022-0892}}</ref>The disease tends to be less severe in developing countries, due to the constant exposure which people have with the antigen in the environment, leading to early development of antibodies.<ref name=":4" />
Rotavirus is responsible for infecting 140 million people and causing 1 million deaths each year, mostly in children younger than 5 years.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Ramig|first=Robert F.|date=2004-10-01|title=Pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic rotavirus infection|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367586|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=78|issue=19|pages=10213–10220|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.19.10213-10220.2004|issn=0022-538X}}</ref> This makes it the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhoea and diarrhea-related deaths in the world.<ref name=":1" /> It selectively targets mature enterocytes in the small intestine, causing malabsorption, as well as inducing secretion of water. It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility.<ref name=":5" /> The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea.
[[Clostridial necrotizing enteritis|Enteritis necroticans]] is an often fatal illness, caused by [[β-toxin]] of ''Clostridium perfringens''.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Petrillo|first=T. M.|last2=Beck-Sagué|first2=C. M.|last3=Songer|first3=J. G.|last4=Abramowsky|first4=C.|last5=Fortenberry|first5=J. D.|last6=Meacham|first6=L.|last7=Dean|first7=A. G.|last8=Lee|first8=H.|last9=Bueschel|first9=D. M.|date=2000-04-27|title=Enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic child|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781621|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=342|issue=17|pages=1250–1253|doi=10.1056/NEJM200004273421704|issn=0028-4793}}</ref> This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It is most common in [[Developing country|developing countries]], however has also been documented in [[Aftermath of World War II|post-World War II]] [[Germany]].<ref name=":6" /> Risk factors for enteritis necroticans include decreased trypsin activity, which prevent intestinal degradation of the toxin, and reduced intestinal motility, which increases likelihood of toxin accumulation.
Ischemic enteritis is uncommon compared to ischemic colitis due to the highly vascularised nature of the small intestine,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Koshikawa|first=Yorimitsu|last2=Nakase|first2=Hiroshi|last3=Matsuura|first3=Minoru|last4=Yoshino|first4=Takuya|last5=Honzawa|first5=Yusuke|last6=Minami|first6=Naoki|last7=Yamada|first7=Satoshi|last8=Yasuhara|first8=Yumiko|last9=Fujii|first9=Shigehiko|date=2016-10-12|title=Ischemic enteritis with intestinal stenosis|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754528/|journal=Intestinal Research|volume=14|issue=1|pages=89–95|doi=10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.89|issn=1598-9100}}</ref> allowing for sufficient blood flow in most situations. It develops due to [[Shock (circulatory)|circulatory shock]] of mesenteric vessels in the absence of major vessel occlusion, often associated with an underlying condition such as hypertension, arrhythmia or diabetes.<ref name=":0" /> Thus it has been considered to be associated with atherosclerosis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takeuchi|first=Nobuhiro|last2=Naba|first2=Kazuyoshi|date=2013-01-01|title=Small intestinal obstruction resulting from ischemic enteritis: a case report|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751282/|journal=Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=6|issue=4|pages=281–286|doi=10.1007/s12328-013-0393-y|issn=1865-7257}}</ref>Surgical treatment is usually required due to the likelihood of stenosis or complete occlusion of the small intestine.<ref name=":0" /> Ischemic damage can range from [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] [[infarction]], which is limited only to the mucosa; mural infarction of the mucosa and underlying [[submucosa]]; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall. Mucosal and mural infarcts in and of themselves may not be fatal, however may progress further to a transmural infarct.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Robbins Basic Pathology (9th Edition)|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|last2=Abbas|first2=Abul K.|last3=Aster|first3=Jon C.|last4=Robbins|first4=Stanley L.|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|year=2012|isbn=9781437717815|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=|via=}}</ref> This has the potential for perforation of the wall, leading to [[peritonitis]].
{{Main article|Radiation enteropathy}}
Diagnosis may be simple in cases where the patient's signs and symptoms are idiopathic to a specific cause. However this is generally not the case, considering that many pathogens which cause enteritis may exhibit the similar symptoms, especially early in the disease. In particular, ''campylobacter, shigella, salmonella'' and many other bacteria induce acute self-limited colitis, an inflammation of the lining of the colon which appears similar under the microscope.<ref name=":1" />
In cases where diarrhoea is present, replenishing fluids lost is recommended, and in cases with prolonged or severe diarrhoea which persists, intravenous rehydration therapy or antibiotics may be required.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zEZOqB6r9hwC|title=Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features|last=Feldman|first=Mark|last2=Friedman|first2=Lawrence S.|last3=Brandt|first3=Lawrence J.|date=2010-05-03|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=1437727670}}</ref> A simple [[oral rehydration therapy]] (ORS) can be made by dissolving one teaspoon of salt, eight teaspoons of sugar and the juice of an orange into one litre of clean water.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC|title=Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control: A Global Perspective|last=Webber|first=Roger|date=2009-01-01|publisher=CABI|isbn=9781845935054}}</ref> Studies have shown the efficacy of antibiotics in reducing the duration of the symptoms of infectious enteritis of bacterial origin, however antibiotic treatments are usually not required due to the self-limiting duration of infectious enteritis.<ref name=":3" /> | 2016-10-16T05:26:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743273842 | {{cleanup rewrite}}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743922097 | [[Human rights organizations]] and the [[United Nations]] criticize the ongoing demolitions<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/10/200910282211496109.html|title=Israel levels Palestinian homes|publisher=|accessdate=18 April 2016}}</ref> of Palestinian homes as violating [[international law]], and [[Amnesty International]] has contended that the Israeli government actually uses demolitions to [[collective punishment|collectively punish]] Palestinians<ref name="Amnesty-rubble"/> and to seize property for the expansion of [[Israeli settlement]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/rafah1004/5.htm#_Toc84676179|title=Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip: Map 2: Rafah Features|publisher=|accessdate=18 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1442149.php/EU_criticizes_Israeli_demolition_of_Arab_homes_in_East_Jerusalem_|title= EU criticizes Israeli demolition of Arab homes in East Jerusalem Read more: EU criticizes Israeli demolition of Arab homes in East Jerusalem - Monsters and Critics - http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1442149.php/EU_criticizes_Israeli_demolition_of_Arab_homes_in_East_Jerusalem_#ixzz0CfWuIOa5|date=2008-11-10|publisher=Middle East News|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref>[[Theodor Meron]] advised the Israeli government in 1968, soon after the occupation of the [[Palestinian territories]] in the [[Six Day War]], that the practice contravened international law, in particular the Geneva Conventions. Incidences of Palestinian terrorists stating that they backed out of terrorist attacks, due to the fear that their parents' home would be demolished, have been recorded.<ref>http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4865622,00.html Shin Bet thwarts bus suicide bombing in Jerusalem] Yoav Zitun, Yael Freidson and Fred Goldberg|Published: 11.10.16</ref>
House demolitions have occasionally been used to remove illegal [[Israeli outpost]]s,<ref name="jta100415">{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2010/04/15/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/barak-asks-court-to-delay-outpost-home-demolition|title=Barak asks court to delay outpost home demolition|last=Oster|first=Marcy|date=April 15, 2010|publisher=jta.org|accessdate=25 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021721/http://www.jta.org/2010/04/15/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/barak-asks-court-to-delay-outpost-home-demolition|archivedate=2014-12-13}}</ref> and in 2005 to dismantle the settlements in Gaza.
US Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] criticised the Israeli government's plans to demolish Palestinian homes in East Jerusalem calling the action a violation of international obligations.<ref name="wpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/03/04/ST2009030401707.html|title=Clinton Criticizes Israel's Eviction, Demolition Plans|last=Glenn|first=Kessler|date=2009-03-05|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=2009-04-15}}</ref> Incidences of Palestinian terrorists stating that they backed out of terrorist attacks, due to the fear that their parents' home would be demolished, have been recorded.<ref>http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4865622,00.html Shin Bet thwarts bus suicide bombing in Jerusalem] Yoav Zitun, Yael Freidson and Fred Goldberg|Published: 11.10.16</ref> | 2016-10-11T13:18:02Z | [[Human rights organizations]] and the [[United Nations]] criticize the ongoing demolitions<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/10/200910282211496109.html|title=Israel levels Palestinian homes|publisher=|accessdate=18 April 2016}}</ref> of Palestinian homes as violating [[international law]], and [[Amnesty International]] has contended that the Israeli government actually uses demolitions to [[collective punishment|collectively punish]] Palestinians<ref name="Amnesty-rubble"/> and to seize property for the expansion of [[Israeli settlement]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/rafah1004/5.htm#_Toc84676179|title=Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip: Map 2: Rafah Features|publisher=|accessdate=18 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1442149.php/EU_criticizes_Israeli_demolition_of_Arab_homes_in_East_Jerusalem_|title= EU criticizes Israeli demolition of Arab homes in East Jerusalem Read more: EU criticizes Israeli demolition of Arab homes in East Jerusalem - Monsters and Critics - http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1442149.php/EU_criticizes_Israeli_demolition_of_Arab_homes_in_East_Jerusalem_#ixzz0CfWuIOa5|date=2008-11-10|publisher=Middle East News|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref>[[Theodor Meron]] advised the Israeli government in 1968, soon after the occupation of the [[Palestinian territories]] in the [[Six Day War]], that the practice contravened international law, in particular the Geneva Conventions.
House demolitions have occasionally been used to remove illegal [[Israeli outpost]]s,<ref name="jta100415">{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2010/04/15/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/barak-asks-court-to-delay-outpost-home-demolition|title=Barak asks court to delay outpost home demolition|last=Oster|first=Marcy|date=April 15, 2010|publisher=jta.org|accessdate=25 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021721/http://www.jta.org/2010/04/15/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/barak-asks-court-to-delay-outpost-home-demolition|archivedate=2014-12-13}}</ref> and in 2005 to dismantle the settlements in Gaza.
US Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] criticised the Israeli government's plans to demolish Palestinian homes in East Jerusalem calling the action a violation of international obligations.<ref name="wpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/03/04/ST2009030401707.html|title=Clinton Criticizes Israel's Eviction, Demolition Plans|last=Glenn|first=Kessler|date=2009-03-05|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=2009-04-15}}</ref> | 2016-10-12T01:39:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743200146 | {{Other uses2|Diana and Actaeon}} | 2016-08-19T07:12:10Z | {{For|the myth on which the painting is based|Diana and Actaeon}} | 2016-10-08T12:56:45Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741745151 | Randlesdown Road serves as a mini '[[High Street]]' for Bellingham providing a local supermarket, men's and women's hair dressers, dry cleaner, [[Off_licence#Off-licence|off licence]], newsagent, fish and chip shop, pub, various takeaways and a recently built gym (situated on Bellingham playing fields). It is home to a sizeable [[Nigerian]] Population | 2016-08-03T03:24:56Z | Randlesdown Road serves as a mini '[[High Street]]' for Bellingham providing a local supermarket, men's and women's hair dressers, dry cleaner, [[Off_licence#Off-licence|off licence]], newsagent, fish and chip shop, pub, various takeaways and a recently built gym (situated on Bellingham playing fields). It is home to a sizeable [[Nigerian]] population.{{cn}} | 2016-09-29T11:40:34Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745747722 | The film was received with comments such as "the bloom was off the rose" and that "the gold does not glitter any more".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-9-life-lessons-to-learn-from-rajinikanth/20121212.htm#5 | title=9 life lessons to learn from Rajinikanth | publisher=Rediff | date=12 December 2012 | accessdate=17 September 2015 | pages=4}}</ref> Pattali Makkal Katchi leader S. Ramadoss condemned him for smoking and posing with beedis in the film. He was criticised for spoiling Tamil youth by glorifying smoking and drinking. PMK volunteers attacked theatres which screened the movie Baba and usurped film rolls and burnt it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar232004/n7.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309043030/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar232004/n7.asp|title=Rajini keeps everyone guessing - Deccan Herald|archivedate=9 March 2007|publisher=|accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref> Amidst controversies and negative criticism, Rajinikanth kept himself away from acting. Despite this, a few novice directors approached him with scripts, all of which he rejected. In short, this film was not up to the expectation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/specials/rajinispecial.shtml|title=டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு|work=டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு|accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-23T02:09:28Z | The film was received with comments such as "the bloom was off the rose" and that "the gold does not glitter any more".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-9-life-lessons-to-learn-from-rajinikanth/20121212.htm#5 | title=9 life lessons to learn from Rajinikanth | publisher=Rediff | date=12 December 2012 | accessdate=17 September 2015 | pages=4}}</ref> Pattali Makkal Katchi leader S. Ramadoss condemned him for smoking and posing with beedis in the film. He was criticised for spoiling Tamil youth by glorifying smoking and drinking. PMK volunteers attacked theatres which screened the movie Baba and usurped film rolls and burnt it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar232004/n7.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309043030/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar232004/n7.asp|title=Rajini keeps everyone guessing - Deccan Herald|archivedate=9 March 2007|publisher=|accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref> Amidst controversies and negative criticism, Rajinikanth kept himself away from acting. Despite this, a few novice directors approached him with scripts, all of which he rejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/specials/rajinispecial.shtml|title=டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு|work=டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு|accessdate=17 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205211447/http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/specials/rajinispecial.shtml|archivedate=5 December 2005|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | 2016-10-23T02:12:13Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744659438 | Lord Denman had little money until 1903, when he married [[Gertrude Denman, Baroness Denman|Gertrude Pearson]], daughter of the wealthy industrialist [[Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray|Weetman Pearson]] (later first Viscount Cowdray). Denman was then able to devote his time to public life and served in the [[Liberal Government 1905-1915|Liberal administrations]] of Sir [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] and [[H. H. Asquith]] as a [[Lord-in-Waiting]] (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1905 to 1907 and as [[Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms]] (government chief whip in the House of Lords) between 1907 and 1911. He was admitted to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1907. In 1911, the [[Secretary of State for the Colonies|Colonial Secretary]] offered Denman the post of [[Governor-General of Australia]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28483 |date=7 April 1911 |startpage=2802}}</ref> to get him out of domestic politics.<ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography | 2016-10-16T17:12:49Z | Lord Denman had little money until 1903, when he married [[Gertrude Denman, Baroness Denman|Gertrude Pearson]], daughter of the wealthy industrialist [[Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray|Weetman Pearson]] (later first Viscount Cowdray). Denman was then able to devote his time to public life and served in the [[Liberal Government 1905-1915|Liberal administrations]] of Sir [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] and [[H. H. Asquith]] as a [[Lord-in-Waiting]] (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1905 to 1907 and as [[Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms]] (government chief whip in the House of Lords) between 1907 and 1911. He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1907.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28050 |date=13 August 1907 |startpage=5523}}</ref> In 1911, the [[Secretary of State for the Colonies|Colonial Secretary]] offered Denman the post of [[Governor-General of Australia]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28483 |date=7 April 1911 |startpage=2802}}</ref> to get him out of domestic politics.<ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography | 2016-10-16T17:27:44Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741870885 | * 508th Fighter Sustainment Group (later 508th Aircraft Sustainment Group): 24 February 2005 – 30 June 2010<ref name=Commandstructure>''See'' {{cite web |url= https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:d4Y8l83aFXcJ:www.hill.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070823-048.ppt+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |last1=|first1=|title=Current Command Structure, Hill AFB|date=13 August 2007|publisher=Ogden Air Logistics Center|deadurl=no |accessdate=26 October 2015}} (Powerpoint presentation, slide 5)</ref> | 2016-07-20T18:27:08Z | * 508th Fighter Sustainment Group (later 508th Aircraft Sustainment Group): 24 February 2005 – 30 June 2010<ref name=Commandstructure>''See'' {{cite web|url=https://www.hill.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070823-048.ppt |last1= |first1= |title=Current Command Structure, Hill AFB |date=13 August 2007 |publisher=Ogden Air Logistics Center |deadurl=bot: unknown |accessdate=26 October 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016220237/http://www.hill.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070823-048.ppt |archivedate=16 October 2012 |df=dmy }} (Powerpoint presentation, slide 5)</ref> | 2016-09-30T05:06:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744460903 | The Army and Navy Union began its thirteenth biennial convention in the GAR Hall on Pennsylvania Avenue in [[Washington D.C.]] on July 17, 1907. It was also the ninth anniversary of the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]]. They sent a telegram of fraternal greetings to [[Theodore Roosevelt|President Theodore Roosevelt]] that morning. A few hours later they received a telegram back from the President's secretary of thanks and best wishes for success of the Union.<ref name=RooseTele>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Veterans in Reunion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7003856// |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Washington D.C. |date=July 18, 1907 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}} }}</ref> | 2016-10-15T10:38:49Z | The Army and Navy Union began its thirteenth biennial convention in the [[Grand Army of the Republic|GAR Hall]] on Pennsylvania Avenue in [[Washington D.C.]] on July 17, 1907. It was also the ninth anniversary of the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]]. They sent a telegram of fraternal greetings to [[Theodore Roosevelt|President Theodore Roosevelt]] that morning. A few hours later they received a telegram back from the President's secretary of thanks and best wishes for success of the Union.<ref name=RooseTele>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Veterans in Reunion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7003856// |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Washington D.C. |date=July 18, 1907 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}} }}</ref> | 2016-10-15T10:45:15Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745749587 | For two years, Sixel worked for roughly 10 hours a day, 6 days a week, for a total of over 6,000 collective hours of editing to create the film's eventual 120 minute running length.<ref name=":1" /> The final edit of the film consisted of over 2,700 individual cuts, over twice as many as Miller's previous Mad Max instalment, ''[[Mad Max 2|The Road Warrior]]'' (1981), which featured only 1,200 cuts in its 90-minute running time.<ref>{{citation|title = With ‘Mad Max: Fury Road,’ director George Miller tops his action classic ‘The Road Warrior’|url = http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/article20487258.html|newspaper = [[Miami Herald]]|accessdate = 2015-10-14|date=May 8, 2015|first=Rene|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> | 2016-10-03T00:32:02Z | For two years, Sixel worked for roughly 10 hours a day, 6 days a week, for a total of over 6,000 collective hours of editing to create the film's eventual 120 minute running length.<ref name=":1" /> The final edit of the film consisted of over 2,700 individual cuts, over twice as many as Miller's previous Mad Max installment, ''[[Mad Max 2|The Road Warrior]]'' (1981), which featured only 1,200 cuts in its 90-minute running time.<ref>{{citation|title = With ‘Mad Max: Fury Road,’ director George Miller tops his action classic ‘The Road Warrior’|url = http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/article20487258.html|newspaper = [[Miami Herald]]|accessdate = 2015-10-14|date=May 8, 2015|first=Rene|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> | 2016-10-23T02:29:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743531495 | {{About|technological innovations related to clean coal|clean coal as a general concept|clean coal}}
'''Clean coal technology''' is a collection of technologies being developed to mitigate the [[environmental impact of coal|environmental impact of coal energy generation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |title= Coal vs. Wind |accessdate=2008-12-30}}</ref> When coal is used as a fuel source, the gaseous emissions generated by the thermal decomposition of the coal include [[sulphur dioxide]] (SO<sub>2</sub>), [[nitrogen oxides]] (NO<sub>x</sub>), [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>), mercury, and other chemical byproducts that vary depending on the type of the coal being used. These emissions have been established to have a negative impact on the environment and human health, contributing to acid rain, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. As a result, clean coal technologies are being developed to remove or reduce pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. Some of the techniques that would be used to accomplish this include chemically washing [[mineral]]s and impurities from the coal, [[gasification]] (see also [[Integrated gasification combined cycle|IGCC]]), improved technology for treating [[flue]] gases to remove pollutants to increasingly stringent levels and at higher efficiency, [[carbon capture and storage]] technologies to capture the carbon dioxide from the [[flue gas]] and dewatering lower rank coals ([[brown coal]]s) to improve the [[calorific value]], and thus the efficiency of the conversion into [[electricity]]. Figures from the United States Environmental Protection Agency show that these technologies have made today’s coal-based generating fleet 77 percent cleaner on the basis of regulated emissions per unit of energy produced.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ | publisher=Environmental Protection Agency | title=Air Trends}}</ref> | 2016-09-25T18:37:07Z | {{About|fairy tales|mythology|technological innovations related to clean coal|clean coal as a general concept|clean coal}}
'''Clean coal technology''' does not exist; but here is the fairytale that the Koch brothers made up: '''Clean coal technology''' is a collection of technologies being developed to mitigate the [[environmental impact of coal|environmental impact of coal energy generation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |title= Coal vs. Wind |accessdate=2008-12-30}}</ref> When coal is used as a fuel source, the gaseous emissions generated by the thermal decomposition of the coal include [[sulphur dioxide]] (SO<sub>2</sub>), [[nitrogen oxides]] (NO<sub>x</sub>), [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>), mercury, and other chemical byproducts that vary depending on the type of the coal being used. These emissions have been established to have a negative impact on the environment and human health, contributing to acid rain, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. As a result, clean coal technologies are being developed to remove or reduce pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. Some of the techniques that would be used to accomplish this include chemically washing [[mineral]]s and impurities from the coal, [[gasification]] (see also [[Integrated gasification combined cycle|IGCC]]), improved technology for treating [[flue]] gases to remove pollutants to increasingly stringent levels and at higher efficiency, [[carbon capture and storage]] technologies to capture the carbon dioxide from the [[flue gas]] and dewatering lower rank coals ([[brown coal]]s) to improve the [[calorific value]], and thus the efficiency of the conversion into [[electricity]]. Figures from the United States Environmental Protection Agency show that these technologies have made today’s coal-based generating fleet 77 percent cleaner on the basis of regulated emissions per unit of energy produced.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ | publisher=Environmental Protection Agency | title=Air Trends}}</ref> | 2016-10-10T02:36:26Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744701672 | Finally, this text is also important because it provides a sketch of the emerging church hierarchy. We can see how the three-tiered church hierarchy (consisting of monarchial [[bishop]]s, elders, and [[deacon]]s) was coming into being, and how regional churches were gaining unity through it. | 2016-10-13T15:38:27Z | Finally, this text is also important because it provides a sketch of the emerging church hierarchy. We can see how the three-tiered church hierarchy (consisting of [[bishop]]s, elders, and [[deacon]]s) was coming into being, and how regional churches were gaining unity through it. | 2016-10-16T22:48:09Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743250010 | <noinclude><!--don't place any text above this line-->
(1) Please do not move or remove the <noinclude> tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial service – primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! City served
! FAA
! IATA
! ICAO
! Airport name
! Role
! Enpl.
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Commercial Service - Primary Airports'''
<noinclude><!--lines above and below must not be blank-->
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Reliever Airports'''
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''General Aviation Airports'''
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Other Public-Use Airports''' (not listed in NPIAS)
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Other Military Airports'''
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Private-Use Airports''' (partial list)
|- bgcolor=#CCCCCC
| '''Former Airports''' (partial list)
<!--Interwiki (other languages)-->
<!--don't place any text below this line--></noinclude> | 2016-09-15T04:12:23Z | (1) Please do not move or remove the onlyinclude tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial service – primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | City served
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | FAA
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | IATA
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | ICAO
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | Airport name
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" | Role
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:right;" | Enpl.
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Commercial service – primary'''
</onlyinclude><!-- lines above and below must not be blank -->
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Reliever airports'''
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''General aviation airports'''
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Other public-use airports''' (not listed in NPIAS)
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Other military airports'''
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Private-use airports''' (partial list)
|- style="background:#CCCCCC;"
| '''Former airports''' (partial list) | 2016-10-08T19:54:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742321423 | | country = United Kingdom
| network = [[Channel 4]] (UK) | 2016-10-03T00:52:36Z | | country = United Kingdom<!---Per the talk page, the country is determined by that of the producers, which is the United Kingdom, not the Republic of Ireland. Please do not change without discussion.--->
| network = [[Channel 4]] (UK)<!---Per the above note, do not change without discussion.---> | 2016-10-03T01:08:20Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741766567 | Lane was married three times. | 2016-09-29T14:48:50Z | Lane was married three times. He married his first wife, Geraldine, in April 1951. The couple separated in August 1962 and were divorced in January 1963.<ref>{{cite news|title=Night Train Gets Divorce|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=January 30, 1963|page=D3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6821373/night_train_gets_divorce/}}</ref> | 2016-09-29T14:52:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742873866 | | powers = *[[Omnipotence]]
*Superhuman strength, speed, and durability | 2016-10-04T10:02:22Z | | powers = *Superhuman strength, speed, and durability | 2016-10-06T10:05:31Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741828025 | The cemetery permits bicycles to travel in only one direction on only one route unless otherwise authorized by the cemetery's executive director. The route travels from the Chapel Gate at Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall towards the main entrance of the cemetery at Memorial Avenue, using Meigs Drive, Sherman Drive and Schley Drive. Further, cyclists can only use this route between 8:00 a.m. and 6:45 p.m. from April 1 to September 30 and between 8 a.m. and 4:45 p.m. from October 1 to March 31.<ref>(1) {{cite web|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Visit/Getting-Here/Getting-Around/Bicycle-Use-Policy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202142650/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Visit/Getting-Here/Getting-Around/Bicycle-Use-Policy|archivedate=2 February 2016|accessdate=29 September 2016|title=Bicycle Use Policy|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery: United States Army|location=Arlington, Virginia}}<br>(2) {{cite web|last=Hallinan|first=Patrick, Executive Director|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Portals/0/Docs/ANC%20Bicycle%20Use%20Policy_Aug2013.pdf|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ktUaUhnP|archivedate=29 September 2016|title=Memorandum For All Visitors to Arlington National Cemetery: Subject: Bicycle Use on Arlington National Cemetery|date=6 August 2013|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery: Army National Military Cemeteries: Department of the Army|location=Arlington, Virginia|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-29T22:21:22Z | The cemetery permits bicycles to travel in only one direction on only one route unless otherwise authorized by the cemetery's executive director. The route travels from the Chapel Gate at Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall towards the main entrance of the cemetery at Memorial Avenue, using Meigs Drive, Sherman Drive and Schley Drive. Further, cyclists can only use this route between 8:00 a.m. and 6:45 p.m. from April 1 to September 30 and between 8 a.m. and 4:45 p.m. from October 1 to March 31. Cyclists must wear bicycle helmets that specific organizations have approved. Bicycle must be equipped with headlights, tail lights or red reflectors in lieu of tail lights, regardless of the time of travel.<ref>(1) {{cite web|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Visit/Getting-Here/Getting-Around/Bicycle-Use-Policy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202142650/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Visit/Getting-Here/Getting-Around/Bicycle-Use-Policy|archivedate=2 February 2016|accessdate=29 September 2016|title=Bicycle Use Policy|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery: United States Army|location=Arlington, Virginia}}<br>(2) {{cite web|last=Hallinan|first=Patrick, Executive Director|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Portals/0/Docs/ANC%20Bicycle%20Use%20Policy_Aug2013.pdf|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ktUaUhnP|archivedate=29 September 2016|title=Memorandum For All Visitors to Arlington National Cemetery: Subject: Bicycle Use on Arlington National Cemetery|date=6 August 2013|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery: Army National Military Cemeteries: Department of the Army|location=Arlington, Virginia|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref> | 2016-09-29T22:30:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743050811 |
Together with other leaders in the party, she organised a coup against the then Secretary-General [[Pedro Sánchez]] on October the 1st 2016<ref>El Confidencial (October 1, 2016),[http://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/politica/Pedro-Sanchez-PSOE-Comite-Federal_0_2793920583.html Pedro Sánchez pierde la batalla contra los críticos y presenta su dimisión] ''[[El Confidencial]]''</ref>, to force the abstention of the party and help [[Mariano Rajoy Brey]] —implicated in corruption cases— to stay as First Minister, as part of her alleged ambitions to become First Minister in two years<ref>El Confidencial (October 7, 2016),[http://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/politica/Susana-Diaz-mocion-censura-presidenta_0_2796920302.html El plan de Susana Díaz: moción de censura y presidenta en dos años] ''[[El Confidencial]]''</ref>.
She has performed such operations at least 32 times, as a way of climbing in the party<ref>El Confidencial (October 3, 2016), [http://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/politica/Susana-Diaz-promovio-agrupaciones-PSOE_0_2793320653.html Susana Díaz promovió y ganó 32 ‘golpes de Estado’ en agrupaciones del PSOE] ''[[El Confidencial]]''.</ref>, gaining a bad reputation across the party members.
Susana Díaz was elected secretary of Organisation of Socialist Youth of Andalusia in 1997 after . In the elections of June 1999 she was included in the list of the PSOE to the City of Seville and was elected as councillor and, [[Alfredo Sanchez Monteseirín]] as mayor.
Susana Díaz studied law at the [[University of Seville]]. It took her ten years to complete the degree, with suspicions of cheating given the party could not allow a non-graduated to become President of Andalusia. Her thesis has been kept secret, increasing the suspicions of fraud.
For the [[Andalusian parliamentary election, 2015|2015 Andalusian parliamentary election]], Díaz led a forceful campaign in which she transferred the blame for Andalusia’s economic problems onto [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] [[Mariano Rajoy]] and the austerity cuts imposed by the central government. During the campaign, she also insisted that the Socialists would not form alliances with the Popular Party or Podemos if the vote failed to produce a clear-cut winner.<ref>Raphael Minder (March 22, 2016), [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/23/world/europe/shy-of-majority-socialists-win-in-spains-andalusia.html Shy of Majority, Socialists Win in Spain’s Andalusia] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>. She manipulated the party rules to be elected as candidate in the primary elections by negating the opposing candidate to run the elections. | 2016-10-07T13:36:46Z | Susana Díaz was elected secretary of Organisation of Socialist Youth of Andalusia in 1997. In the elections of June 1999 she was included in the list of the PSOE to the City of Seville and was elected as councillor and, [[Alfredo Sanchez Monteseirín]] as mayor.
Susana Díaz studied law at the [[University of Seville]].
For the [[Andalusian parliamentary election, 2015|2015 Andalusian parliamentary election]], Díaz led a forceful campaign in which she transferred the blame for Andalusia’s economic problems onto [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] [[Mariano Rajoy]] and the austerity cuts imposed by the central government. During the campaign, she also insisted that the Socialists would not form alliances with the Popular Party or Podemos if the vote failed to produce a clear-cut winner.<ref>Raphael Minder (March 22, 2016), [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/23/world/europe/shy-of-majority-socialists-win-in-spains-andalusia.html Shy of Majority, Socialists Win in Spain’s Andalusia] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> | 2016-10-07T13:47:19Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745671599 | The leader of the Dark Masters, Piedmon is a Majin-type Digimon dressed as a colourful [[pierrot]] who possesses a number of magical tricks, and uses four swords in combat. Piedmon speaks with a slight British accent and uses a number of theatre-related puns in dialogue. He maintains an upbeat but sadistic sense of humor, displaying a passion for fighting. Four years prior to the events of ''Adventure'', Piedmon attacked Gennai's group who created the DigiDestined's Digieggs, Tags, and Crests. Gennai escapes with the Digieggs, while Piedmon obtained the Tages and Crests, meeting Devimon at some point and they hid them across Server. He rules from atop Spiral Mountain in a large [[observatory]]-funhouse building in a rocky wasteland.
| 2016-10-12T16:03:58Z | The leader of the Dark Masters, Piedmon is a Majin-type Digimon dressed as a colourful [[pierrot]] who possesses a number of magical tricks, and uses four swords in combat. Piedmon speaks with a slight British accent and uses a number of theatre-related puns in dialogue. He maintains an upbeat but sadistic sense of humor, displaying a passion for fighting. Four years prior to the events of ''Adventure'', Piedmon attacked Gennai's group who created the DigiDestined's Digieggs, Tags, and Crests. Gennai escapes with the Digieggs, while Piedmon obtained the Tags and Crests, meeting Devimon at some point and they hid them across Server. He rules from atop Spiral Mountain in a large [[observatory]]-funhouse building in a rocky wasteland. | 2016-10-22T15:56:18Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744978772 | The launch of RT UK was greeted with criticism in the British press. In ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Nick Cohen]] accused the channel of spreading conspiracy theories and being a "prostitution of journalism" and in ''[[The Times]]'', [[Oliver Kamm]] called on broadcast regulator [[Ofcom]] to act against this "den of deceivers".<ref name=BBCMonitoring>{{cite news|last=Ennis|first=Stephen|title=Russia's global media operation under the spotlight|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363|work=[[BBC News]]|date=November 16, 2014}}</ref> | 2016-10-18T16:08:12Z | The launch of RT UK was the subject of much comment in the British press. In ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Nick Cohen]] accused the channel of spreading conspiracy theories and being a "prostitution of journalism" and in ''[[The Times]]'', [[Oliver Kamm]] called on broadcast regulator [[Ofcom]] to act against this "den of deceivers".<ref name=BBCMonitoring>{{cite news|last=Ennis|first=Stephen|title=Russia's global media operation under the spotlight|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363|work=[[BBC News]]|date=November 16, 2014}}</ref> | 2016-10-18T16:10:57Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742841697 | [[Nazi Paikidze]], who qualified by finishing tied for 2nd in the 2015 [[U.S._Women's_Chess_Championship|USA Women's Championship]], is the most prominent person (to date) to have protested FIDE's decision to allow Iran to host the event. Through the media she has announced that she will not participate most particularly because of Iran's dress code requiring women to wear a [[hijab]],<ref>[http://heatst.com/world/us-chess-champion-id-rather-sacrifice-my-career-than-be-forced-to-wear-a-hijab/ I'd Rather Sacrifice My Career than be Forced To Wear a Hijab] (Naki Paikidze)</ref> though initially she also secondarily mentioned the risks to Americans and other foreigners of being detained in Iran because of their nationality.<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3814137/World-chess-uproar-women-told-play-year-s-world-championships-Iran-wearing-hijabs.html World Chess uproar] (Daily Mail)</ref> (This latter could be compared to the troubles of the Georgian women in 2008 concerning the [[Nalchik]] locale.)<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4839 Women's World Championship: Georgian players withdraw] (ChessBase)</ref> In a later [[Change.org]] petition she included a third item, namely that there could be speech restrictions on women.<ref>Speech restrictions on sporting participants are often mandated, for instance [[Rule 40]] at the [[Olympics]], conduct clauses in contracts as with [[Steve Clevenger]], and perhaps a close analogue would be the [[American Contract Bridge League]] having a [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/arts/14brid.html dispute] against some of its representatives at the 2007 World Bridge Championships, for using this as a platform to display a political message. However, Paikidze is noting that women have been arrested in Iran for speaking out on women's rights, for instance [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/22/iran-missing-womens-rights-activist Maryam Majd].</ref> | 2016-10-06T01:15:32Z | [[Nazi Paikidze]], who qualified by finishing tied for 2nd in the 2015 [[U.S._Women's_Chess_Championship|USA Women's Championship]], is the most prominent person (to date) to have protested FIDE's decision to allow Iran to host the event. Through the media she has announced that she will not participate most particularly because of Iran's dress code requiring women to wear a [[hijab]],<ref>[http://heatst.com/world/us-chess-champion-id-rather-sacrifice-my-career-than-be-forced-to-wear-a-hijab/ I'd Rather Sacrifice My Career than be Forced To Wear a Hijab] (Naki Paikidze)</ref> though initially she also secondarily mentioned the risks to Americans and other foreigners of being detained in Iran because of their nationality.<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3814137/World-chess-uproar-women-told-play-year-s-world-championships-Iran-wearing-hijabs.html World Chess uproar] (Daily Mail)</ref> (This latter could be compared to the troubles in 2008 concerning the [[Nalchik]] locale, where six women from [[Georgia]] were absent, joined by five others.)<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4839 Women's World Championship: Georgian players withdraw] (ChessBase)</ref> In a later [[Change.org]] petition she included a third item, namely that there could be speech restrictions on women.<ref>Speech restrictions on sporting participants are often mandated, for instance [[Rule 40]] at the [[Olympics]], conduct clauses in contracts as with [[Steve Clevenger]], and perhaps a close analogue would be the [[American Contract Bridge League]] having a [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/arts/14brid.html dispute] against some of its representatives at the 2007 World Bridge Championships, for using this as a platform to display a political message. However, Paikidze is noting that women have been arrested in Iran for speaking out on women's rights, for instance [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/22/iran-missing-womens-rights-activist Maryam Majd].</ref> | 2016-10-06T03:59:55Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745106314 | The more detailed regional approach subdivides the cavity into nine regions, with two vertical and two horizontal lines drawn according to anatomical landmarks. The vertical; or midclavicular lines, are drawn as if dropped from the midpoint of each [[clavicle]]. The superior horizontal line is the ''[[subcostal line]]'', drawn immediately inferior to the ribs. The inferior horizontal line is called the ''[[intertubercular line]]'', and is to cross the iliac tubercles, found at the superior aspect of the pelvis. The upper right square is the right hypochondriac region and contains the base of the right ribs. The upper left square is the left hypochondriac region and contains the base of the left ribs. The epigastric region is the upper central square and contains the bottom edge of the liver as well as the upper areas of the stomach. The diaphragm curves like an upside down U over these three regions. The central right region is called the right lumbar region and contains the ascending colon and the right edge of the small intestines. The central square contains the transverse colon and the upper regions of the small intestines. The left lumbar region contains the left edge of the transverse colon and the left edge of the small intestine. The lower right square is the right iliac region and contains the right pelvic bones and the ascending colon. The lower left square is the left iliac region and contains the left pelvic bone and the lower left regions of the small intestine. The lower central square contains the bottom of the pubic bones, upper regions of the bladder and the lower region of the small intestine.<ref name="Openstax Anatomy & Physiology " /> | 2016-10-19T08:09:11Z | The more detailed regional approach subdivides the cavity into nine regions, with two vertical and two horizontal lines drawn according to landmark structures. The vertical; or midclavicular lines, are drawn as if dropped from the midpoint of each [[clavicle]]. The superior horizontal line is the ''[[subcostal line]]'', drawn immediately inferior to the ribs. The inferior horizontal line is called the ''[[intertubercular line]]'', and is to cross the iliac tubercles, found at the superior aspect of the pelvis. The upper right square is the right hypochondriac region and contains the base of the right ribs. The upper left square is the left hypochondriac region and contains the base of the left ribs. The epigastric region is the upper central square and contains the bottom edge of the liver as well as the upper areas of the stomach. The diaphragm curves like an upside down U over these three regions. The central right region is called the right lumbar region and contains the ascending colon and the right edge of the small intestines. The central square contains the transverse colon and the upper regions of the small intestines. The left lumbar region contains the left edge of the transverse colon and the left edge of the small intestine. The lower right square is the right iliac region and contains the right pelvic bones and the ascending colon. The lower left square is the left iliac region and contains the left pelvic bone and the lower left regions of the small intestine. The lower central square contains the bottom of the pubic bones, upper regions of the bladder and the lower region of the small intestine.<ref name="Openstax Anatomy & Physiology " /> | 2016-10-19T08:10:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741622906 | There are around 4,500 [[Roman Catholics]] in the country.<ref name="Group2004"/> The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott]] is located in the country.<ref name="Group2004">{{cite book|author=Taylor & Francis Group|title=Europa World Year Book 2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA2851|accessdate=1 August 2012|date=September 2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8|pages=2851}}</ref> | 2015-02-25T21:10:27Z | There are around 4,500 [[Roman Catholics]] in the country.<ref name="Group2004"/> The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott]] is located in the country, and covers all of Mauritania.<ref name="Group2004">{{cite book|author=Taylor & Francis Group|title=Europa World Year Book 2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA2851|accessdate=1 August 2012|date=September 2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8|pages=2851}}</ref> | 2016-09-28T17:35:30Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745680541 | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|09|20}} <ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3142672/</ref>
'''Malachi Kirby''' (born 20 September, 1989<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3142672/</ref>) is an English actor known for his roles in ''[[EastEnders]]'' and ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=EastEnders actor Malachi Kirby will play the lead role in a Roots reboot|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/eastenders/news/a665595/eastenders-actor-malachi-kirby-will-play-the-lead-role-in-a-roots-reboot/|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=Digital Spy|date=27 August 2015}}</ref> He was born in [[London]] and grew up in [[Battersea]]. His parents have [[Jamaica|Jamaican]] ancestry. His father died when Kirby was 6, and his mother is a government worker. Because he was shy, at 14 years-old, his mother signed him up for classes at the Battersea Arts Center. Later, Kirby studied acting at the Identity School founded by actor, [[Femi Oguns]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/may/24/malachi-kirby-on-remaking-roots-kunta-kinte-i-could-feel-the-pain-hear-the-screams</ref>
Kirby stars as [[Kunta Kinte]] in the 2016 version of ''[[Roots (2016 miniseries)|Roots]]'' portraying the lead character.<ref>{{cite news|title=Roots: Malachi Kirby joins black British actors taking centre stage in new adaptation of US slavery drama|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/roots-malachi-kirby-joins-black-british-actors-taking-centre-stage-in-new-adaptation-of-us-slavery-a6791201.html|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=The Independent|date=30 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kunta Kinte played by Londoner Malachy Kirby|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/kunta-kinte-played-by-londoner-malachy-kirby/|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=The Telegraph|date=31 December 2015}}</ref> His performance has been well received by critics.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2016/05/31/roots-episode-1-review-brit-actor-malachi-kirby-is-astonishing-i/</ref><ref>http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/05/roots-kunta-kinte-actor-malachi-kirby</ref>
Kirby was shortlisted for the ‘Outstanding Newcomer’ accolade at the 2011 Evening Standard Theatre Awards.<ref>http://www.hiphopshakespeare.com/staff-member/malachi-kirby/</ref> | 2016-10-21T00:37:44Z | {{Use British English|date=October 2016}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|09|20}}
'''Malachi Kirby''' (born 20 September 1989<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3142672/ Malachi Kirby] at [[IMDb]]</ref>) is an English actor known for his roles in ''[[EastEnders]]'' and ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=EastEnders actor Malachi Kirby will play the lead role in a Roots reboot|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/eastenders/news/a665595/eastenders-actor-malachi-kirby-will-play-the-lead-role-in-a-roots-reboot/|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=Digital Spy|date=27 August 2015}}</ref> He was born in [[London]] and grew up in [[Battersea]]. His parents have [[Jamaica|Jamaican]] ancestry. His father died when Kirby was six, and his mother is a government worker. Because he was shy, at 14 years old, his mother signed him up for classes at the [[Battersea Arts Centre]]. Later, Kirby studied acting at the Identity School founded by actor, [[Femi Oguns]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/may/24/malachi-kirby-on-remaking-roots-kunta-kinte-i-could-feel-the-pain-hear-the-screams</ref>
Kirby starred as [[Kunta Kinte]] in the 2016 version of ''[[Roots (2016 miniseries)|Roots]]'', portraying the lead character.<ref>{{cite news|title=Roots: Malachi Kirby joins black British actors taking centre stage in new adaptation of US slavery drama|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/roots-malachi-kirby-joins-black-british-actors-taking-centre-stage-in-new-adaptation-of-us-slavery-a6791201.html|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=The Independent|date=30 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kunta Kinte played by Londoner Malachy Kirby|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/kunta-kinte-played-by-londoner-malachy-kirby/|accessdate=11 March 2016|publisher=The Telegraph|date=31 December 2015}}</ref> His performance was well received by critics.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2016/05/31/roots-episode-1-review-brit-actor-malachi-kirby-is-astonishing-i/</ref><ref>http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/05/roots-kunta-kinte-actor-malachi-kirby</ref>
Kirby was shortlisted for the 'Outstanding Newcomer' award at the 2011 [[Evening Standard Theatre Awards|''Evening Standard'' Theatre Awards]].<ref>http://www.hiphopshakespeare.com/staff-member/malachi-kirby/</ref> | 2016-10-22T17:10:37Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745728809 | Dr. '''Margaret Belle (Oakley) Dayhoff''' (March 11, 1925 – February 5, 1983) was an American [[physical chemist]] and a pioneer in the field of [[bioinformatics]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hunt|first=Lois T.|year=1983|title=Margaret O. Dayhoff 1925-1983|url=http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/dna.1983.2.97|journal=[[DNA Cell Biol.|DNA and Cell Biology]]|publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.|volume=2|issue=2|pages=97–8|doi=10.1089/dna.1983.2.97|issn=0198-0238|pmid=6347589|subscription=yes}}</ref> Dayhoff was a professor at [[Georgetown University Medical Center]] and a noted research biochemist at the [[National Biomedical Research Foundation]] (NBRF) where she pioneered the application of mathematics and computational methods to the field of biochemistry. She dedicated her career to applying the evolving computational technologies to support advances in biology and medicine, most notably the creation of protein and nucleic acid databases and tools to interrogate the databases. Her PhD degree was from [[Columbia University]] in the Department of Chemistry, where she devised computational methods to calculate [[molecular resonance]] energies of several organic compounds. She did postdoctoral studies at the Rockefeller Institute (now [[Rockefeller University]]) and the [[University of Maryland]], and joined the newly established National Biomedical Research Foundation in 1959. She was the first woman to hold office in the [[Biophysical Society]] and the first person to serve as both Secretary and eventually President.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date = 1984-07-01|title = Margaret Oakley Dayhoff 1925–1983|url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02459497|journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biology|language = en|volume = 46|issue = 4|pages = 467–472|doi = 10.1007/BF02459497|issn = 0092-8240}}</ref> She originated one of the first [[substitution matrix|substitution matrices]], [[Point accepted mutation]]s (''PAM''). The [[Proteinogenic amino acid|one-letter code]] used for amino acids was developed by her, reflecting an attempt to reduce the size of the data files used to describe amino acid sequences in an era of punch-card computing.
Dayhoff began a Ph.D. in quantum chemistry under [[George E. Kimball|George Kimball]] in the [[Columbia University]] Department of Chemistry. In her graduate thesis, Dayhoff pioneered the use of computer capabilities — i.e., mass-data processing — to theoretical chemistry; specifically, she devised a method of applying punched-card business machines to calculate the [[resonance|resonance energies]] of several [[Polycyclic compound|polycyclic]] organic molecules. Her management of her research data was so impressive that she was awarded a Watson Computing Laboratory Fellowship. As part of this award, she received access to cutting-edge IBM electronic data processing equipment.<ref name="November">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5CmhBjwMakC&pg=PT354&lpg=PT354&dq=Watson+Computing+Laboratory+Fellowship+dayhoff&source=bl&ots=2psoLJLf6c&sig=Csvv1E7d0jZ_KeRdPLfU5x64kWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG3Oyv7unPAhWEyj4KHdlHBsEQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Watson%20Computing%20Laboratory%20Fellowship%20dayhoff&f=false|title=Biomedical Computing: Digitizing Life in the United States|last=November|first=Joseph A.|date=2012-05-22|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9781421406657|language=en}}</ref> An article by Eleanor Krawitz that details the punch cards and processes in the Columbia Engineering Quarterly in 1949 provides a look into how she might have used the technology at this time. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/krawitz/index.html]
After completing her Ph.D, Dayhoff studied [[electrochemistry]] at the [[Rockefeller University|Rockefeller Institute]] from 1948 to 1951. In 1952, she moved to Maryland with her family and later received research fellowships from the University of Maryland (1957–1959), working on a model of [[chemical bonding]] with [[Ellis Lippincott]]. After this ended, she joined the National Biomedical Research Foundation in 1960 as Associate Director (a position she held for 21 years).<ref name=":1"/> During this time, she also taught physiology and biophysics at Georgetown University Medical Center for 13 years, served as a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] and was elected councillor of the International Society for the Study of the Origins of Life in 1980 after 8 years of membership. Dayhoff also served on the editorial boards of three journals: ''DNA'', ''[[Journal of Molecular Evolution]]'' and ''[[Computers in Biology and Medicine]]''.
At the NBRF, she began to work with [[Robert Ledley]], a dentist who had obtained a degree in physics and become interested in the possibilities of applying computational resources to biomedical problems. He authored one of the earliest studies of biomedical computation, "Report on the Use of Computer in Biology and Medicine."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.openhelix.eu/?p=1078|title=Margaret Dayhoff, a founder of the field of bioinformatics {{!}} The OpenHelix Blog|website=blog.openhelix.eu|access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref> With their combined expertise, they authored a paper in 1962 entitled "COMPROTEIN: A computer program to aid primary protein structure determination" that described a "completed computer program for the [[IBM 7090]]" that aimed to convert peptide digests to protein chain data. They actually began this work in 1958, but were not able to start programming until late 1960.<ref name=":2" />
[[Frederick Sanger]]'s determination of the first complete amino acid sequence of a protein (insulin) in 1955, led a number of researchers to sequence various proteins from different species. In the early 1960s, a theory was developed that small differences between homologous protein sequences (sequences with a high likelihood of common ancestry) could indicate the process and rate of evolutionary change on the molecular level. The notion that such molecular analysis could help scientists decode evolutionary patterns in organisms was formalized in the published papers of [[Emile Zuckerkandl]] and [[Linus Pauling]] in 1962 and 1965. Dayhoff worked side by side with Lippincott and [[Carl Sagan]] on thermodynamic models of cosmo-chemical systems, including prebiological planetary atmospheres.<ref name=":0" />
Dayhoff pioneered the use of computers in comparing protein sequences and reconstructing their evolutionary histories from [[sequence alignment]]s. This work, co-authored with Richard Eck, was the first application of computers to infer phylogenies from molecular sequences.
With Richard Eck, she published the first reconstruction of a [[phylogeny]] ([[evolutionary tree]]) by computers from molecular sequences, using a [[maximum parsimony]] method. She also formulated the first probability model of protein evolution, the [[Point Accepted Mutation|PAM]] model, in 1966.
She initiated the collection of protein sequences in the ''[http://www.dayhoff.cc/MODAtlasSummary.html Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure]'', a book collecting all known protein sequences (totaling 65) that she published in 1965.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/09/obituaries/margaret-oakley-dayhoff-57-expert-on-protein-structures.html|title = MARGARET OAKLEY DAYHOFF, 57; EXPERT ON PROTEIN STRUCTURES|date = 1983-02-09|newspaper = The New York Times|issn = 0362-4331|access-date = 2016-03-16}}</ref> It was subsequently republished in several editions. This led to the [[Protein Information Resource]] database of protein sequences, the first online database system that could be accessed by telephone line and available for interrogation by remote computers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/people/Dayhoff|title=Oakley Margaret Dayhoff {{!}} Biographical summary|website=www.whatisbiotechnology.org|access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref> The book has since been cited nearly 4,500 times.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Margaret Oakley Dayhoff 1925–1983|url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02459497|journal=Bulletin of Mathematical Biology|language=en|volume=46|issue=4|pages=467–472|doi=10.1007/BF02459497|issn=0092-8240}}</ref> It and the parallel effort by [[Walter Goad]] which led to the [[GenBank]] database of nucleic acid sequences are the twin origins of the modern databases of molecular sequences. The ''Atlas'' was organized by [[gene family|gene families]], and she is regarded as a pioneer in their recognition. Her approach to proteins was always determinedly evolutionary.
Judith Dayhoff, Ph.D., has a Mathematical Biophysics PhD from [[University of Pennsylvania]] and is the author of Neural network architectures: An introduction and coauthor of Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition. She is also the author of many journal articles. She has 3 children.
Dayhoff's ''Atlas'' became a template for many indispensable tools in large portions of DNA or protein-related biomedical research. In spite of this contribution, Dayhoff was marginalized by the community of sequencers. The contract to manage [[GenBank]], awarded in the early 1980s by the NIH, went to [[Walter Goad]] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. The reason for this attitude was unknown, with theories ranging from sexism to a clash of values with the experimental science community. The majority of experimental scientists considered sequence information very valuable, as publishing it could bring much notoriety. They did not want to submit it to a commonly accessed database such as the ''Atlas''.<ref name="November"/>
During the last few years of her life, she focused on obtaining stable, adequate, long-term funding to support the maintenance and further development of her [[Protein Information Resource]]. She envisioned an online system of computer programs and databases, accessible by scientists all over the world, for identifying protein from sequence or amino acid composition data, for making predictions based on sequences, and for browsing the known information. Less than a week before she died, she submitted a proposal to the Division of Research Resoures at NIH for a Protein Identification Resource. After her death, her colleagues continuing working to make her vision a reality, and the protein database was fully operational by the middle of 1984.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Margaret Oakley Dayhoff 1925–1983|url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02459497|journal=Bulletin of Mathematical Biology|language=en|volume=46|issue=4|pages=467–472|doi=10.1007/BF02459497|issn=0092-8240}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T05:52:59Z | Dr. '''Margaret Belle (Oakley) Dayhoff''' (March 11, 1925 – February 5, 1983) was an American [[physical chemist]] and a pioneer in the field of [[bioinformatics]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hunt|first=Lois T.|year=1983|title=Margaret O. Dayhoff 1925-1983|url=http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/dna.1983.2.97|journal=[[DNA Cell Biol.|DNA and Cell Biology]]|publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.|volume=2|issue=2|pages=97–8|doi=10.1089/dna.1983.2.97|issn=0198-0238|pmid=6347589|subscription=yes}}</ref> Dayhoff was a professor at [[Georgetown University Medical Center]] and a noted research biochemist at the [[National Biomedical Research Foundation]] (NBRF) where she pioneered the application of mathematics and computational methods to the field of biochemistry. She dedicated her career to applying the evolving computational technologies to support advances in biology and medicine, most notably the creation of protein and nucleic acid databases and tools to interrogate the databases. Her PhD degree was from [[Columbia University]] in the Department of Chemistry, where she devised computational methods to calculate [[molecular resonance]] energies of several organic compounds. She did postdoctoral studies at the Rockefeller Institute (now [[Rockefeller University]]) and the [[University of Maryland]], and joined the newly established National Biomedical Research Foundation in 1959. She was the first woman to hold office in the [[Biophysical Society]] and the first person to serve as both Secretary and eventually President.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date = 1984-07-01|title = Margaret Oakley Dayhoff 1925–1983|url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02459497|journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biology|language = en|volume = 46|issue = 4|pages = 467–472|doi = 10.1007/BF02459497|issn = 0092-8240}}</ref> She originated one of the first [[substitution matrix|substitution matrices]], [[Point accepted mutation]]s (''PAM''). The [[Proteinogenic amino acid|one-letter code]] used for amino acids was developed by her, reflecting an attempt to reduce the size of the data files used to describe amino acid sequences in an era of punch-card computing.
Dayhoff began a PhD in quantum chemistry under [[George E. Kimball|George Kimball]] in the [[Columbia University]] Department of Chemistry. In her graduate thesis, Dayhoff pioneered the use of computer capabilities — i.e., mass-data processing — to theoretical chemistry; specifically, she devised a method of applying punched-card business machines to calculate the [[resonance|resonance energies]] of several [[Polycyclic compound|polycyclic]] organic molecules. Her management of her research data was so impressive that she was awarded a Watson Computing Laboratory Fellowship. As part of this award, she received access to cutting-edge IBM electronic data processing equipment.<ref name="November">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5CmhBjwMakC&pg=PT354&lpg=PT354&dq=Watson+Computing+Laboratory+Fellowship+dayhoff&source=bl&ots=2psoLJLf6c&sig=Csvv1E7d0jZ_KeRdPLfU5x64kWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG3Oyv7unPAhWEyj4KHdlHBsEQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Watson%20Computing%20Laboratory%20Fellowship%20dayhoff&f=false|title=Biomedical Computing: Digitizing Life in the United States|last=November|first=Joseph A.|date=2012-05-22|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9781421406657|language=en}}</ref> An article by Eleanor Krawitz that details the punch cards and processes in the Columbia Engineering Quarterly published in 1949 provides a look into how she might have used the technology at this time. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/krawitz/index.html]
After completing her PhD, Dayhoff studied [[electrochemistry]] under Dr. Duncan A. MacInnes at the [[Rockefeller University|Rockefeller Institute]] from 1948 to 1951. In 1952, she moved to Maryland with her family and later received research fellowships from the [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]] (1957–1959), working on a model of [[chemical bonding]] with [[Ellis Lippincott]]. At Maryland, she gained her first exposure to a new high-speed computer: the IBM model 7094. After this ended, she joined the National Biomedical Research Foundation in 1960 as Associate Director (a position she held for 21 years).<ref name=":1"/> At the NBRF, she began to work with [[Robert Ledley]], a dentist who had obtained a degree in physics and become interested in the possibilities of applying computational resources to biomedical problems. He had authored one of the earliest studies of biomedical computation, "Report on the Use of Computer in Biology and Medicine."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.openhelix.eu/?p=1078|title=Margaret Dayhoff, a founder of the field of bioinformatics {{!}} The OpenHelix Blog|website=blog.openhelix.eu|access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref> With their combined expertise, they published a paper in 1962 entitled "COMPROTEIN: A computer program to aid primary protein structure determination" that described a "completed computer program for the [[IBM 7090]]" that aimed to convert peptide digests to protein chain data. They actually began this work in 1958, but were not able to start programming until late 1960.<ref name=":2" />
In the early 1960s, Dayhoff also collaborated with Ellis Lippincott and [[Carl Sagan]] to develop thermodynamic models of cosmo-chemical systems, including prebiological planetary atmospheres. She developed a computer program that could calculate equilibrium concentrations of the gases in a planetary atmosphere, enabling the study of the atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter, and Mars, in addition to the present day atmosphere and the primordial terrestrial atmosphere. Using this program, she considered whether the primordial atmosphere had the conditions necessary to generate life. Although she found that numerous small biologically important compounds can appear with no special nonequilibrium mechanism to explain their presence, there were compounds necessary to life that were scarce in the equilibrium model (such as ribose, adenine, and cytosine).<ref name=":0" />
Dayhoff also taught physiology and biophysics at [[Georgetown University Medical Center]] for 13 years, served as a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] and was elected councillor of the International Society for the Study of the Origins of Life in 1980 after 8 years of membership. Dayhoff also served on the editorial boards of three journals: ''DNA'', ''[[Journal of Molecular Evolution]]'' and ''[[Computers in Biology and Medicine]]''.<ref name=":0" />
In 1966, Dayhoff pioneered the use of computers in comparing protein sequences and reconstructing their evolutionary histories from [[sequence alignment]]s. This work, co-authored with Richard Eck, was the first application of computers to infer phylogenies from molecular sequences. It was the first reconstruction of a [[phylogeny]] ([[evolutionary tree]]) by computers from molecular sequences using a [[maximum parsimony]] method. In later years, she applied these methods to study a number of molecular relationships, such as the catalytic chain and bovine cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the src gene product of Rous avian and Moloney murine sarcoma viruses; antithrombin-III, alpha-antitrypsin, and ovalbumin; epidermal growth factor and the light chain of coagulation factor X; and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I and C-III. <ref name=":0" />
Based on this work, Dayhoff and her coworkers developed a set of substitution matrices called the [[Point Accepted Mutation|PAM]] (Percent Accepted Mutation), MDM (Mutation Data Matrix), or Dayhoff. They are derived from global alignments of closely related protein sequences. The identification number included with the matrix (ex. PAM40, PAM100) refers to the evolutionary distance; greater numbers correspond to greater distances. Matrices using greater evolutionary distances are extrapolated from those used for lesser ones. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arep.med.harvard.edu/seqanal/submatrix.html|title=Substitution Matrices|website=arep.med.harvard.edu|access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref> To produce a Dayhoff matrix, pairs of aligned amino acids in verified alignments are used to build a count matrix, which is then used to estimate at mutation matrix at 1 PAM (considered an evolutionary unit). From this mutation matrix, a Dayhoff scoring matrix may be constructed. Along with a model of indel events, alignments generated by these methods can be used in an iterative process to construct new count matrices until convergence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biorecipes.com/Dayhoff/code.html|title=How to Compute Mutation and Dayhoff Matrices|website=www.biorecipes.com|access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref>
One of Dayhoff's most important contributions to bioinformatics was her ''[http://www.dayhoff.cc/MODAtlasSummary.html Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure]'', a book reporting all known protein sequences (totaling 65) that she published in 1965.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/09/obituaries/margaret-oakley-dayhoff-57-expert-on-protein-structures.html|title = MARGARET OAKLEY DAYHOFF, 57; EXPERT ON PROTEIN STRUCTURES|date = 1983-02-09|newspaper = The New York Times|issn = 0362-4331|access-date = 2016-03-16}}</ref> It was subsequently republished in several editions. This led to the [[Protein Information Resource]] database of protein sequences, the first online database system that could be accessed by telephone line and available for interrogation by remote computers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/people/Dayhoff|title=Oakley Margaret Dayhoff {{!}} Biographical summary|website=www.whatisbiotechnology.org|access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref> The book has since been cited nearly 4,500 times.<ref name=":0" /> It and the parallel effort by [[Walter Goad]] which led to the [[GenBank]] database of nucleic acid sequences are the twin origins of the modern databases of molecular sequences. The ''Atlas'' was organized by [[gene family|gene families]], and she is regarded as a pioneer in their recognition. [[Frederick Sanger]]'s determination of the first complete amino acid sequence of a protein (insulin) in 1955, led a number of researchers to sequence various proteins from different species. In the early 1960s, a theory was developed that small differences between homologous protein sequences (sequences with a high likelihood of common ancestry) could indicate the process and rate of evolutionary change on the molecular level. The notion that such molecular analysis could help scientists decode evolutionary patterns in organisms was formalized in the published papers of [[Emile Zuckerkandl]] and [[Linus Pauling]] in 1962 and 1965.
Judith Dayhoff, PhD, has a Mathematical Biophysics PhD from [[University of Pennsylvania]] and is the author of Neural network architectures: An introduction and coauthor of Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition. She is also the author of many journal articles. She has 3 children.
Dayhoff's ''Atlas'' became a template for many indispensable tools in large portions of DNA or protein-related biomedical research. In spite of this significant contribution, Dayhoff was marginalized by the community of sequencers. The contract to manage [[GenBank]] (a technology directly related to her research), awarded in the early 1980s by the NIH, went to [[Walter Goad]] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. The reason for this attitude was unknown, with theories ranging from sexism to a clash of values with the experimental science community. The majority of experimental scientists considered sequence information very valuable, as publishing it could bring much notoriety. They did not want to submit it to a commonly accessed database such as the ''Atlas''.<ref name="November"/>
During the last few years of her life, she focused on obtaining stable, adequate, long-term funding to support the maintenance and further development of her [[Protein Information Resource]]. She envisioned an online system of computer programs and databases, accessible by scientists all over the world, for identifying protein from sequence or amino acid composition data, for making predictions based on sequences, and for browsing the known information. Less than a week before she died, she submitted a proposal to the Division of Research Resources at [[National Institutes of Health|NIH]] for a Protein Identification Resource. After her death, her colleagues continuing working to make her vision a reality, and the protein database was fully operational by the middle of 1984.<ref name=":0" /> | 2016-10-22T23:32:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745217395 | In October 1953, five grandsons were elected to the board of directors: John S. Marten of Indianapolis, Alfred Egan of Dallas, John P. Sexton of Philadelphia, Thomas W. Sexton of Chicago and William C. Sexton of Chicago. Franklin Sexton, Thomas G. Sexton, Edmund Egan remained as board members. At the close of 1953, Harold R. White, Vice President (Canned and Dried Foods) retired after 50 years with the company. Harold was the leading authority on canned and dried foods in the wholesale grocery industry and oversaw Sexton's food quality standards and laboratory. Ora Chidester was elected Vice President (Canned and Dried Foods). Matthew Theis, Vice President (Manufacturing) retired after 50 years with the company. Harry Gaugham was elected Vice President (Manufacturing). Franklin Sexton retired as secretary of the company after 47 years of service, but remained a board member. Stanley Wojteczko, company controller was elected secretary of company.<ref>5 John Sexton Grandsons Get Place On Board October 2, 1953; Chicago Daily Tribune</ref> | 2016-08-19T20:13:48Z | In October 1953, five grandsons were elected to the board of directors: John S. Marten of Indianapolis, Alfred Egan of Dallas, John P. Sexton of Philadelphia, Thomas W. Sexton of Chicago and William C. Sexton of Chicago. Franklin Sexton, Thomas G. Sexton, Edmund Egan remained as board members. At the close of 1953, Harold R. White, Vice President (Canned and Dried Foods) retired after 50 years with the company. Harold was the leading authority on canned and dried foods in the wholesale grocery industry and oversaw Sexton's food quality standards and laboratory. Ora Chidester was elected Vice President (Canned and Dried Foods). Matthew Theis, Vice President (Manufacturing) retired after 50 years with the company. Harry Gaughan was elected Vice President (Manufacturing). Franklin Sexton retired as secretary of the company after 47 years of service, but remained a board member. Stanley Wojteczko, company controller was elected secretary of company.<ref>5 John Sexton Grandsons Get Place On Board October 2, 1953; Chicago Daily Tribune</ref> | 2016-10-19T22:43:19Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746156550 | Homosexuals were often characterized as predatory deviants who were dangerous to the rest of society. For example, the Florida Legislative Committee, between 1956 and 1965, sought out these so-called 'deviants' within the public system, with the particular focus upon teachers.<ref>Stacy Braukman, "'Nothing Else Matters but Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959-1963", ''Feminist Studies'' 27(3), 2001, pp. 553–575,</ref> The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals did untold damage when around vulnerable young people as naive adolescents were considered easy prey to recruitment into homosexuality by perverse teachers attempting to unnaturally reproduce.<ref>Stacy Braukman, "'Nothing Else Matters but Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959–1963", ''Feminist Studies'' 27(3), 2001, p. 571.</ref> In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices. | 2016-09-21T20:23:16Z | Homosexuals were often characterized as predatory deviants who were dangerous to the rest of society. For example, the [[Florida Legislative Investigation Committee]], between 1956 and 1965, sought out these so-called 'deviants' within the public system, with the particular focus upon teachers.<ref>Stacy Braukman, "'Nothing Else Matters but Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959-1963", ''Feminist Studies'' 27(3), 2001, pp. 553–575,</ref> The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals did untold damage when around vulnerable young people as naive adolescents were considered easy prey to recruitment into homosexuality by perverse teachers attempting to unnaturally reproduce.<ref>Stacy Braukman, "'Nothing Else Matters but Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959–1963", ''Feminist Studies'' 27(3), 2001, p. 571.</ref> In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices. | 2016-10-25T16:16:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741370994 | *{{flagicon|Ireland|rugby union}} [[Robin Copeland]] from {{flagicon|Wales|rugby union}} [[Cardiff Blues]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munsterrugby.ie/news/12617.php|title=Copeland Coup For Munster|date=9 December 2013|work=munsterrugby.ie|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Quentin MacDonald]] to {{Rut Chiefs|fb=y}}<ref name="Chiefs sign two players">{{cite press release | url=http://www.chiefs.co.nz/news/chiefs-sign-two-players.html | title=Chiefs sign two players | publisher=Chiefs | date=22 June 2014 | accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref> | 2016-08-22T23:43:43Z | *{{flagicon|Ireland|rugby union}} [[Robin Copeland]] from {{flagicon|Wales|rugby union}} [[Cardiff Blues]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munsterrugby.ie/news/12617.php |title=Copeland Coup For Munster |date=9 December 2013 |work=munsterrugby.ie |accessdate=10 December 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213102009/http://www.munsterrugby.ie/news/12617.php |archivedate=13 December 2013 |df= }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Quentin MacDonald]] to {{Rut Chiefs|fb=y}}<ref name="Chiefs sign two players">{{cite press release|url=http://www.chiefs.co.nz/news/chiefs-sign-two-players.html |title=Chiefs sign two players |publisher=Chiefs |date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=23 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627002328/http://www.chiefs.co.nz/news/chiefs-sign-two-players.html |archivedate=27 June 2014 |df= }}</ref> | 2016-09-27T02:27:20Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742747350 | |Champion=Florida Citrus Bowl Champions | 2016-09-09T00:22:12Z | |Champion=Florida Citrus Bowl champion | 2016-10-05T15:01:48Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745868276 | | [[Michel Rousseau (cyclist)|Michel Rousseau]]<br><small>{{FRA}} || [[Enzo Sacchi]]<br><small>{{ITA}} || [[Antonio Maspes]]<br><small>{{ITA}}
| [[Roger Rivière]]<br><small>{{FRA}} || [[Leandro Faggin]]<br><small>{{ITA}} || [[Franco Gandini]]<br><small>{{ITA}}
| [[Walter Bucher (cyclist)|Walter Bucher]]<br><small>{{SUI}} || [[Guillermo Timoner]]<br><small>{{flag|Spain|1945}} || [[Wouter Wagtmans]]<br><small>{{NED}}
| [[Valentino Gasparella]] <br><small>{{ITA}} || [[Sante Gaiardoni]]<br><small>{{ITA}} || [[Dick Ploog]]<br><small>{{AUS}}
| [[Norman Sheil]]<br><small>{{GBR}} || [[Philippe Gaudrillet]]<br><small>{{FRA}} || [[Carlo Simonigh]]<br><small>{{ITA}}
| [[Lothar Meister]]<br><small>{{flag|East Germany|1949}} || [[Heinz Wahl]]<br><small>{{flag|East Germany|1949}} || [[Arie Van Houwelingen]] <br><small>{{NED}}
| [[Galina Yermolayeva (cyclist)|Galina Ermolaeva]]<br><small>{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
| [[Valentina Maksimova]]<br><small>{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
| [[Jean Dunn (cyclist)|Jean Dunn]]<br><small>{{GBR}}
| [[Lyudmila Kochetova]]<br><small>{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
| [[Stella Bail]]<br><small>{{GBR}}
| [[Kathleen Ray]]<br><small>{{GBR}} | 2016-02-10T09:12:51Z | | [[Michel Rousseau (cyclist)|Michel Rousseau]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}} || [[Enzo Sacchi]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}} || [[Antonio Maspes]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}
| [[Roger Rivière]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}} || [[Leandro Faggin]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}} || [[Franco Gandini]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}
| [[Walter Bucher (cyclist)|Walter Bucher]]<br>{{small|{{SUI}}}} || [[Guillermo Timoner]]<br>{{small|{{flag|Spain|1945}}}} || [[Wouter Wagtmans]]<br>{{small|{{NED}}}}
| [[Valentino Gasparella]] <br>{{small|{{ITA}}}} || [[Sante Gaiardoni]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}} || [[Dick Ploog]]<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}}
| [[Norman Sheil]]<br>{{small|{{GBR}}}} || [[Philippe Gaudrillet]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}} || [[Carlo Simonigh]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}
| [[Lothar Meister]]<br>{{small|{{flag|East Germany|1949}}}} || [[Heinz Wahl]]<br>{{small|{{flag|East Germany|1949}}}} || [[Arie Van Houwelingen]] <br>{{small|{{NED}}}}
| [[Galina Yermolayeva (cyclist)|Galina Ermolaeva]]<br>{{small|{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}}}
| [[Valentina Maksimova]]<br>{{small|{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}}}
| [[Jean Dunn (cyclist)|Jean Dunn]]<br>{{small|{{GBR}}}}
| [[Lyudmila Kochetova]]<br>{{small|{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}}}
| [[Stella Bail]]<br>{{small|{{GBR}}}}
| [[Kathleen Ray]]<br>{{small|{{GBR}}}} | 2016-10-23T20:54:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746321806 | '''Samantha De Reviziis''' (born 24 May 1985, Turin, Italy){{citation needed|date=November 2015}} is an Italian Entrepreneur and [[Influence|influencer]] who turned her passion into a business. De Reviziis has commited her [[Fashion]] and [[Marketing]] knowledge to the fashion and [[luxury]] industry.
She founded
* SDR SRL a fashion web marketing agency.
* Instasamy connect to [[Instagram]] and brand awareness for fashion and luxury brands.
* WeLoveFur, the first independent [[blog]] specialised in [[fur]] and [[luxury]], here she is known as Lady Fur.<ref name="wearefur2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wearefur.com/fur-fashion/style-authority/interview/samantha-de-reviziis|title=Samantha De Reviziis | We Are Fur|publisher=wearefur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> WeLoveFur has hosted banners of big brands such as [[Philipp Plein]], [[Fendi]], [[Neiman Marcus]] and more. Also she has made a broad array of collaborations with companies of the fur sector such as [[Kopenhagen Fur]], Saga Furs and [[American Legend Cooperative|American Legend]].
* SamanthaDeReviziis a website dedicated to fashion and Instagram marketing.
De Reviziis graduated in Fashion Design at [[Istituto Europeo di Design|IED]], Turin, in 2008.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} In 2011 she attended a specialisation course in ''Sorting'' at [[Kopenhagen Fur]] Auction House.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} In 2015 Samantha gained the Saga Furs diploma, learning how to work with Saga Mink, Fox and Finnraccoon and Saga Furs’ quality system.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}She has also participated in many Fashion Marketing and Instagram marketing courses.
In the same year she started her own fur brand, Samantha De Reviziis. She also took part in the major fur action houses, as [[Kopenhagen Fur]],<ref name="kopenhagenfur">{{cite web|url=http://www.kopenhagenfur.com/news/2013/july-2013/auction-experience-in-beautiful-lady-fur-video|title=Kopenhagen Fur - Auction experience in beautiful Lady Fur video|publisher=kopenhagenfur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> and in the most important fur fairs, collecting an enormous success.
During her first 2 years of activity, De Reviziis has been collaborating with the major companies, fairs, auction houses and brands of the fur sector.
In 2013 De Reviziis was awarded as ''Best Fur Trader'' from the IFTF (International Fur Trade Federation).{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} This allowed her to participate at the IHT Luxury Conference in Rome, together with Valentino, Renzo Rosso and other top personalities.<ref name="zimbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Samantha+De+Reviziis/2012+International+Herald+Tribune+Luxury+Business/MbmyI0Nojne|title=Samantha De Reviziis Photos - 2012 International Herald Tribune's Luxury Business Conference - Day 2 - Zimbio|publisher=zimbio.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> In 2013 Samantha took part in Mifur fair with a dedicated booth, thanks to IFTF and AIP, and her own fur collection composed by 50 unique pieces. Defined as ''fashion icon'' by Haibao China,<ref name="haibao">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/http://pic.haibao.com/pics/5318.htm|title=【最新图片】Icon报道！有点儿犀利有点儿萌，意大利时尚博主Lady Fur你认不认得？7套街拍Look光速刷出存在感_海报时尚网图片库|publisher=web.archive.org|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> De Reviziis is a fur influencer. She attended the main fashion weeks (New York, London, Milan, Paris, Shanghai, Beijing, Copenhagen) and collaborated as fashion video reporter and contributor for, the main fashion magazines (Elle.it, Spletnik.ru, Graziashop.com, Haibao.com).<ref>http://www.elle.it/Moda/Beijing-Fashion-Week-sfilate-Pechino-look-Samantha-De-Reviziis, http://www.elle.it/Moda/Sfilate/Cina-Fashion-Week-sfilate-Pechino-Video-primavera-estate-2015, http://www.spletnik.ru/blogs/moda/102365_china-fashion-week-by-samantha-de-reviziis-aka-lady-fur</ref>
In 2015 she was chosen as testimonial for Carlo Ramello campaign in Monte Carlo.<ref name="welovefur">{{cite web|url=http://www.welovefur.com/fur-outfits/lady-fur-for-carlo-ramello-in-monte-carlo/|title=Carlo Ramello and Lady Fur in Monte Carlo|publisher=welovefur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> By the end of 2015 WeLoveFur entered in one of the biggest fashion affiliation programs. Later in 2016 Lady Fur was chosen as brand ambassador for many luxury fairs around the world, such as Chic Shanghai, Mifur and others. Also this year she started cooperating with the Arabian Market. Around May this year she established a fashion web marketing agency. This same year she also became a strategic partner for the fur sector for Modem Online Paris. | 2016-10-26T16:30:25Z | '''Samantha De Reviziis''' (born 24 May 1985, Turin, Italy){{citation needed|date=November 2015}} is an Italian entrepreneur in the fashion and luxury industry.
De Reviziis graduated in Fashion Design at [[Istituto Europeo di Design|IED]], Turin, in 2008.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} In 2011 she attended a specialisation course in ''Sorting'' at [[Kopenhagen Fur]] Auction House.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} In 2015 De Reviziis gained the Saga Furs diploma, learning how to work with Saga Mink, Fox and Finnraccoon and Saga Furs’ quality system.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} She has also participated in many fashion marketing and Instagram marketing courses.{{cn}}
In the same year she started her own fur brand, Samantha De Reviziis. She also took part in the major fur action houses, as [[Kopenhagen Fur]],<ref name="kopenhagenfur">{{cite web|url=http://www.kopenhagenfur.com/news/2013/july-2013/auction-experience-in-beautiful-lady-fur-video|title=Kopenhagen Fur - Auction experience in beautiful Lady Fur video|publisher=kopenhagenfur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> and in the most important fur fairs.
De Reviziis has collaborated with the major companies, fairs, auction houses and brands of the fur sector.{{cn}}
In 2013 De Reviziis was awarded as ''Best Fur Trader'' from the IFTF (International Fur Trade Federation).{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} This allowed her to participate at the IHT Luxury Conference in Rome, together with Valentino, Renzo Rosso and other top personalities.<ref name="zimbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Samantha+De+Reviziis/2012+International+Herald+Tribune+Luxury+Business/MbmyI0Nojne|title=Samantha De Reviziis Photos - 2012 International Herald Tribune's Luxury Business Conference - Day 2 - Zimbio|publisher=zimbio.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> In 2013 De Reviziis took part in Mifur fair with a dedicated booth, thanks to IFTF and AIP, and her own fur collection comprising 50 unique pieces. Defined as a ''fashion icon'' by Haibao China,<ref name="haibao">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/http://pic.haibao.com/pics/5318.htm|title=【最新图片】Icon报道！有点儿犀利有点儿萌，意大利时尚博主Lady Fur你认不认得？7套街拍Look光速刷出存在感_海报时尚网图片库|publisher=web.archive.org|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> De Reviziis is a fur influencer. She attended the main fashion weeks (New York, London, Milan, Paris, Shanghai, Beijing, Copenhagen) and collaborated as fashion video reporter and contributor for, the main fashion magazines (Elle.it, Spletnik.ru, Graziashop.com, Haibao.com).<ref>http://www.elle.it/Moda/Beijing-Fashion-Week-sfilate-Pechino-look-Samantha-De-Reviziis, http://www.elle.it/Moda/Sfilate/Cina-Fashion-Week-sfilate-Pechino-Video-primavera-estate-2015, http://www.spletnik.ru/blogs/moda/102365_china-fashion-week-by-samantha-de-reviziis-aka-lady-fur</ref>
In 2015 she was chosen as testimonial for Carlo Ramello campaign in Monte Carlo.<ref name="welovefur">{{cite web|url=http://www.welovefur.com/fur-outfits/lady-fur-for-carlo-ramello-in-monte-carlo/|title=Carlo Ramello and Lady Fur in Monte Carlo|publisher=welovefur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> By the end of 2015 WeLoveFur entered in one of the biggest fashion affiliation programs.{{cn}} Later in 2016 Lady Fur was chosen as brand ambassador for many luxury fairs around the world, such as Chic Shanghai, Mifur and others. Also in 2016 she started cooperating with the Arabian Market. Around May 2016 she established a fashion web marketing agency and became a strategic partner for the fur sector for Modem Online Paris.{{cn}}
De Reviziis has founded
* SDR SRL a fashion web marketing agency.{{cn}}
* Instasamy connect to [[Instagram]] and brand awareness for fashion and luxury brands.{{cn}}
* WeLoveFur, the first independent [[blog]] specialised in fur and luxury, here she is known as Lady Fur.<ref name="wearefur2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wearefur.com/fur-fashion/style-authority/interview/samantha-de-reviziis|title=Samantha De Reviziis | We Are Fur|publisher=wearefur.com|accessdate=2016-07-26}}</ref> WeLoveFur has hosted banners of big brands such as [[Philipp Plein]], [[Fendi]], [[Neiman Marcus]] and more. Also she has made a broad array of collaborations with companies of the fur sector such as [[Kopenhagen Fur]], Saga Furs and [[American Legend Cooperative|American Legend]].
* SamanthaDeReviziis a website dedicated to fashion and Instagram marketing.
| 2016-10-26T18:01:55Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744698198 | '''McCreary''' is a former village in the province of [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]]. It is located within the [[Municipality of McCreary]]. McCreary covers an area of 1.70 km{{sup|2}}, and has a population of 472. Though settled as early as the 19th century, it was incorporated as a village in 1964, and amalgamated with the Municipality of McCreary in 2015. As the self-proclaimed Ski and Maple Syrup Capital of Manitoba, the former village previously held significance as the closest settlement to the former [[Mount Agassiz Ski Area]]. | 2016-02-06T22:42:55Z | '''McCreary''' is an unincorporated urban community in the [[Municipality of McCreary]] within the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Manitoba]] that held village status prior to January 1, 2015. McCreary covers an area of 1.70 km{{sup|2}}, and has a population of 472. Though settled as early as the 19th century, it was incorporated as a village in 1964, and amalgamated with the Municipality of McCreary in 2015. As the self-proclaimed Ski and Maple Syrup Capital of Manitoba, the former village previously held significance as the closest settlement to the former [[Mount Agassiz Ski Area]]. | 2016-10-16T22:16:58Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741928234 | The first [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] unit entered service on 5 September 2016 running between [[London Paddington station|London Paddington]] and [[Hayes & Harlington railway station|Hayes & Harlington]] in peak hours to relieve congestion on some of the country's most crowded trains.{{cn|date=September 2016}} | 2016-09-09T22:11:54Z | The first [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] unit entered service on 5 September 2016 running between [[London Paddington station|London Paddington]] and [[Hayes & Harlington railway station|Hayes & Harlington]] in peak hours to relieve congestion on some of the country's most crowded trains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gwr.com/about-us/building-on-our-heritage|title=Introducing our new trains|website=www.gwr.com|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>{{cn|date=September 2016}} | 2016-09-30T15:19:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743741126 | | colspan=2 style="border-color:white; background:white;" |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741801790 | After plans to build the 92-storey [[Millennium Tower (London)|Millennium Tower]] were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] and [[Arup Group Limited|Arup Group]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Arup| accessdate=4 February 2010 |url=http://www.arup.com/Projects/30_St_Mary_Axe.aspx |title=30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin)| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100218191001/http://www.arup.com/Projects/30_St_Mary_Axe.aspx| archivedate= 18 February 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> and it was erected by [[Skanska]], with construction commencing in 2001.<ref name=skanska>{{cite web|url=http://www.skanska.co.uk/en/Projects/Display-project/?pid=66 |title=30 St Mary Axe, London| accessdate=4 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIR2V7z9| archivedate=4 February 2010 |publisher=Skanska}}</ref>
The building stands on the former sites of the [[Baltic Exchange]] ([[Baltic Exchange (building)|24-28 St Mary Axe]]), the headquarters of a global marketplace for ship sales and shipping information, and the Chamber of Shipping (30-32 St Mary Axe). On 10 April 1992 the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] [[Baltic Exchange bomb|detonated a bomb]] close to the Exchange, causing extensive damage to the historic building and neighbouring structures.<ref name=emporisdata/><ref name=irabomb>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/24/newsid_2523000/2523345.stm |publisher= BBC News |title=1993: IRA bomb devastates City of London |accessdate=2 February 2010|archivedate=2 February 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nFU0SLWV | date=24 April 1993}}</ref>
The United Kingdom government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, [[English Heritage]], and the [[City of London]]'s governing body, the [[City of London Corporation]], were keen that any redevelopment must restore the Baltic Exchange's old façade onto [[St Mary Axe]]. The Exchange Hall was a celebrated fixture of the ship trading market.<ref name=erotic>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/893161.stm|title= 'Erotic gherkin' for London skyline|publisher= BBC News|date= 23 August 2000|accessdate= 7 February 2010 |archivedate=7 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nMcerBZV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6230390.stm|title=Extreme restoration|last=Lane|first=Megan|date=5 July 2007|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=6 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nMc76iAj |archivedate=7 February 2010}}</ref>
In September 2006, the building was put up for sale with a price tag of £600 million.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2006 |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/construction_and_property/article640868.ece |archivedate=4 February 2010| archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIUFaCxr |title=Prize Gherkin put up for sale|last=Davey|first=Jenny |work=[[The Times]] |accessdate=4 February 2010 |location=London}}</ref> Potential buyers included [[British Land]], [[Land Securities]], [[Prudential plc|Prudential]], [[ING Group|ING]], and the [[Abu Dhabi]] royal family. On 21 February 2007, [[IVG Immobilien]] AG and UK investment firm Evans Randall completed their joint purchase of the building for [[Pound sterling|£]]630 million, making it Britain's most expensive office building.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/feb/05/7 |title=Gherkin sold for £600m |accessdate=4 February 2010 |first= Fiona| last=Walsh |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=6 February 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nITnSCav |archivedate=4 February 2010 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2007/feb/06/architecture.business |title=Gherkin's £600m sale sets London property record |last=Inman |first=Phillip |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |accessdate=4 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIU2Bsfh |archivedate=4 February 2010 |date=6 February 2007}}</ref> Swiss Re booked a gain of more than £300 million from the sale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=720 |title=Why Swiss RE Would Sell The Gherkin... - Article #720 |publisher=Skyscrapernews.com |date=19 September 2006 |accessdate=3 June 2014}}</ref> The new owners are seeking compensation from four of their former managers on the deal, in which about £620 million was paid for a building with a build cost of about £200 million, giving the previous owners a clear £300 million profit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.propertymall.com/property-news/article/34249-IVG-seeks-compensation-from-former-managers-over-Gherkin-deal |title=IVG seeks compensation from former managers over Gherkin deal |date=10 December 2013 |publisher=Property Mall}}</ref>
Since February 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Business/Sky-News-Launches-City-Studio-Jeff-Randall-Broadcasts-From-The-Gherkin/Article/201002415556923 |title=Sky's City Studio: 'Don't Mention The G-Word' |last=Phipps |first=Nick |date=23 February 2010|publisher=Sky News|accessdate=29 November 2010 | location=London}}</ref> [[Sky News]] has broadcast its flagship business programme, ''[[Jeff Randall Live]]'', from a studio in the building. In addition the top two floors of tower are now available on a private hire basis for events.<ref>{{cite web | 2016-09-25T20:50:40Z | After plans to build the 92-storey [[Millennium Tower (London)|Millennium Tower]] were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] and [[Arup Group Limited|Arup Group]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Arup| accessdate=4 February 2010 |url=http://www.arup.com/Projects/30_St_Mary_Axe.aspx |title=30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin)| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100218191001/http://www.arup.com/Projects/30_St_Mary_Axe.aspx| archivedate= 18 February 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> and it was erected by [[Skanska]], with construction commencing in 2001.<ref name=skanska>{{cite web|url=http://www.skanska.co.uk/en/Projects/Display-project/?pid=66 |title=30 St Mary Axe, London |accessdate=4 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIR2V7z9?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skanska.co.uk%2Fen%2FProjects%2FDisplay-project%2F%3Fpid%3D66 |archivedate=4 February 2010 |publisher=Skanska |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>
The building stands on the former sites of the [[Baltic Exchange]] ([[Baltic Exchange (building)|24-28 St Mary Axe]]), the headquarters of a global marketplace for ship sales and shipping information, and the Chamber of Shipping (30-32 St Mary Axe). On 10 April 1992 the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] [[Baltic Exchange bomb|detonated a bomb]] close to the Exchange, causing extensive damage to the historic building and neighbouring structures.<ref name=emporisdata/><ref name=irabomb>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/24/newsid_2523000/2523345.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=1993: IRA bomb devastates City of London |accessdate=2 February 2010 |archivedate=2 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nFU0SLWV?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F24%2Fnewsid_2523000%2F2523345.stm |date=24 April 1993 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>
The United Kingdom government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, [[English Heritage]], and the [[City of London]]'s governing body, the [[City of London Corporation]], were keen that any redevelopment must restore the Baltic Exchange's old façade onto [[St Mary Axe]]. The Exchange Hall was a celebrated fixture of the ship trading market.<ref name=erotic>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/893161.stm |title='Erotic gherkin' for London skyline |publisher=BBC News |date=23 August 2000 |accessdate=7 February 2010 |archivedate=7 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nMcerBZV?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F893161.stm |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6230390.stm |title=Extreme restoration |last=Lane |first=Megan |date=5 July 2007 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=6 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nMc76iAj?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fmagazine%2F6230390.stm |archivedate=7 February 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref>
In September 2006, the building was put up for sale with a price tag of £600 million.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2006 |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/construction_and_property/article640868.ece |archivedate=4 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIUFaCxr?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Findustry_sectors%2Fconstruction_and_property%2Farticle640868.ece |title=Prize Gherkin put up for sale |last=Davey |first=Jenny |work=[[The Times]] |accessdate=4 February 2010 |location=London |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> Potential buyers included [[British Land]], [[Land Securities]], [[Prudential plc|Prudential]], [[ING Group|ING]], and the [[Abu Dhabi]] royal family. On 21 February 2007, [[IVG Immobilien]] AG and UK investment firm Evans Randall completed their joint purchase of the building for [[Pound sterling|£]]630 million, making it Britain's most expensive office building.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/feb/05/7 |title=Gherkin sold for £600m |accessdate=4 February 2010 |first=Fiona |last=Walsh |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=6 February 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nITnSCav?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F05%2F7 |archivedate=4 February 2010 |location=London |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2007/feb/06/architecture.business |title=Gherkin's £600m sale sets London property record |last=Inman |first=Phillip |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |accessdate=4 February 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5nIU2Bsfh?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fmoney%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F06%2Farchitecture.business |archivedate=4 February 2010 |date=6 February 2007 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> Swiss Re booked a gain of more than £300 million from the sale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=720 |title=Why Swiss RE Would Sell The Gherkin... - Article #720 |publisher=Skyscrapernews.com |date=19 September 2006 |accessdate=3 June 2014}}</ref> The new owners are seeking compensation from four of their former managers on the deal, in which about £620 million was paid for a building with a build cost of about £200 million, giving the previous owners a clear £300 million profit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.propertymall.com/property-news/article/34249-IVG-seeks-compensation-from-former-managers-over-Gherkin-deal |title=IVG seeks compensation from former managers over Gherkin deal |date=10 December 2013 |publisher=Property Mall}}</ref>
Since February 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Business/Sky-News-Launches-City-Studio-Jeff-Randall-Broadcasts-From-The-Gherkin/Article/201002415556923 |title=Sky's City Studio: 'Don't Mention The G-Word' |last=Phipps |first=Nick |date=23 February 2010 |publisher=Sky News |accessdate=29 November 2010 |location=London |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201054304/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/15556923 |archivedate=1 February 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> [[Sky News]] has broadcast its flagship business programme, ''[[Jeff Randall Live]]'', from a studio in the building. In addition the top two floors of tower are now available on a private hire basis for events.<ref>{{cite web | 2016-09-29T19:19:03Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bioinformatics&diff=3081089&oldid=3080358 |
[[image:dna-split.png|thumbnail|right|150px|DNA]]
Another aspect of bioinformatics in sequence analysis is the automatic search for [[gene finding|genes]] and regulatory sequences within a genome. Not all of the nucleotides within a genome are genes. Within the genome of higher organisms, large parts of the DNA do not serve any obvious purpose. This so-called [[junk DNA]] may, however, contain unrecognized functional elements. Bioinformatics helps to bridge the gap between genome and [[proteome]] projects, for example in the use of DNA sequence for protein identification.
==Bioinformatics tools==
| 08:28, 6 April 2004 |
[[image:dna-split.png|thumbnail|right|150px|DNA]]
Another aspect of bioinformatics in sequence analysis is the automatic search for [[gene]]s and regulatory sequences within a genome. Not all of the nucleotides within a genome are genes. Within the genome of higher organisms, large parts of the DNA do not serve any obvious purpose. This so-called [[junk DNA]] may, however, contain unrecognized functional elements. Bioinformatics helps to bridge the gap between genome and [[proteome]] projects, for example in the use of DNA sequence for protein identification.
==Bioinformatics tools==
| 08:59, 6 April 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bayezid_I&diff=1477781&oldid=1138947 |
Since Murad had been killed in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Beyazid decided to avenge his death by massacring the [[Serbs]]. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with their leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted Serbia considerable autonomy. Two years later, in [[1391]], he overwhelmed [[Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]], but in the same spirit of reconcilliation, he appointed his son and heir, [[Manuel II Palaeologus|Manuel]], Groom of the Chamber.
With the surrender of [[Constantinople]] itself, Beyazid assumed the title of Heir to the Caesars. This was perceived as a serious threat by the Christian rulers of Europe, and a new [[Crusade]] was organized to defeat him. The Christian allies, under the leadership of [[Hungary]] and [[Venice]], reached the city of [[Nicopolis]] in [[Bulgaria]], where Beyazid was waiting for them. He crushed their armies and returned to Constantinople, where a new threat was waiting in the east.
The [[Mongol]] warlord [[Timur Lenk]] had succeeded in rousing the local kingdoms that had been conquered by the Turks to join him in his attack on Beyazid. In the fateful [[Battle of Ankara]], on [[July 20]], [[1402]], Beyazid was captured by Timur and kept chained in a cage as a trophy. There are many stories about Beyazid's captivity, including one that describes how Timur used him as a footstool. One year later, Beyazid died -- some accounts claim that he committed [[suicide]].
| 05:30, 3 July 2003 |
Since Murad had been killed in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Beyazid decided to avenge his death by massacring the [[Serbs]]. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with their leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted Serbia considerable autonomy. Two years later, in [[1391]], he overwhelmed [[Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]], but in the same spirit of reconcilliation, he appointed his son and heir, [[Manuel II Palaeologus|Manuel]], Groom of the Chamber.
With the surrender of [[Constantinople]] itself, Beyazid assumed the title of Heir to the Caesars. This was perceived as a serious threat by the Christian rulers of Europe, and a new [[Crusade]] was organized to defeat him. In [[1396]], the Christian allies, under the leadership of [[Hungary]] and [[Venice]], reached the city of [[Nicopolis]] in [[Bulgaria]], where Beyazid was waiting for them. He crushed their armies and returned to Constantinople, where a new threat was waiting in the east.
The [[Mongol]] warlord [[Timur Lenk]] had succeeded in rousing the local kingdoms that had been conquered by the Turks to join him in his attack on Beyazid. In the fateful [[Battle of Ankara]], on [[July 20]], [[1402]], Beyazid was captured by Timur and kept chained in a cage as a trophy. There are many stories about Beyazid's captivity, including one that describes how Timur used him as a footstool. One year later, Beyazid died -- some accounts claim that he committed [[suicide]].
| 23:26, 11 July 2003 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bayezid_I&diff=4117168&oldid=4090898 |
<div style="float:right;width:196px;padding:3px">[[Image:Beyazid I.jpg]]</div>
''' Beyazid I ''' (ca [[1354]] - [[1403]]; Bayezıt, nicknamed ''Yıldırım'', the 'Thunderbolt') was the [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[1389]] to [[1402]]. He ascended to the throne following the assassination of his father [[Murad I]] and immediately had his younger brother strangled to prevent him from staging a coup.
In revenge for the assassination of Murad in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Beyazid massacred his [[Serb]] prisoners. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with the Serb leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted [[Serbia]] considerable autonomy. In [[1391]] he laid siege to [[Constantinople]]. On the demand of the [[Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]] a new [[crusade]] was organized to defeat Beyazid. In [[1396]], the [[Christian]] allies, under the leadership of the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] King and Holy Roman Emperor [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], was defeated in the [[Battle of Nicopolis]]. The siege of [[Constantinople]] lasted until [[1398]] when the [[Byzantines]] paid a considerable tribute to break the siege.
| 13:27, 17 May 2004 |
<div style="float:right;width:196px;padding:3px">[[Image:Beyazid I.jpg]]</div>
''' Beyazid I ''' (ca [[1354]] - [[1403]]; Bayezıt, nicknamed ''Yıldırım'', the 'Thunderbolt') was the [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[1389]] to [[1402]]. He ascended to the throne following the assassination of his father [[Murad I]] and immediately had his younger brother Yakub strangled to prevent him from staging a coup.
In revenge for the assassination of Murad in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Beyazid massacred his [[Serb]] prisoners. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with the Serb leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted [[Serbia]] considerable autonomy. In [[1391]] he laid siege to [[Constantinople]]. On the demand of the [[Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]] a new [[crusade]] was organized to defeat Beyazid. In [[1396]], the [[Christian]] allies, under the leadership of the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] King and Holy Roman Emperor [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], was defeated in the [[Battle of Nicopolis]]. The siege of [[Constantinople]] lasted until [[1398]] when the [[Byzantines]] paid a considerable tribute to break the siege.
| 21:01, 14 June 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bayezid_I&diff=22215797&oldid=22116469 |
''' Bayezid I ''' (''ca'' [[1354]]–[[1403]]; Bayezıt, nicknamed ''Yıldırım'', the 'Thunderbolt') was the [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[1389]] to [[1402]]. He ascended to the throne following the assassination of his father [[Murad I]] and immediately had his younger brother Yakub strangled to prevent him from staging a coup.
In revenge for the assassination of Murad in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Bayezid massacred his [[Serb]] prisoners. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with the Serb leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted [[Serbia]] considerable autonomy. In [[1391]] he laid siege to [[Constantinople]]. On the demand of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]] a new [[crusade]] was organized to defeat Bayezid. In [[1396]], the [[Christianity|Christian]] allies, under the leadership of the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] King and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], were defeated in the [[Battle of Nicopolis]]. The siege of [[Constantinople]] lasted until [[1398]] when the [[Byzantines]] paid a considerable tribute to lift the siege.
In [[1400]], the Central Asian warlord [[Timur Lenk]] had succeeded in rousing the local kingdoms that had been conquered by the Turks to join him in his attack on Bayezid. In the fateful [[Battle of Ankara]], on [[July 20]], [[1402]], Bayezid was captured by Timur. Some contemporary reports claimed that Timur kept Bayezid chained in a cage as a trophy. Likewise, there are many stories about Bayeazid's captivity, including one that describes how Timur used him as a footstool. However, these accounts are thought to be false, as writers from Timur's court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur mourned his death. Likewise, Timur's own history with other rulers demonstrated that he was true to his word when he later claimed to have aimed at re-establishing Bayezid on the Ottoman throne. One year later, Bayezid died — some accounts claim that he committed [[suicide]].
| 18:43, 29 August 2005 |
''' Bayezid I ''' (''ca'' [[1354]]–[[1403]]; Bayezıt, nicknamed ''Yıldırım'', the 'Thunderbolt') was the [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[1389]] to [[1402]]. He ascended to the throne following the assassination of his father [[Murad I]] and immediately had his younger brother Yakub strangled to prevent him from staging a coup.
In revenge for the assassination of Murad in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], Bayezid massacred his [[Serb]] prisoners. Nevertheless, he was able to conclude a treaty with the Serb leader, [[Stephen Bulcovic]], and granted [[Serbia]] considerable autonomy. In [[1391]] he laid siege to [[Constantinople]]. On the demand of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] emperor [[John V Palaeologus]] a new [[crusade]] was organized to defeat Bayezid. In [[1396]], the [[Christianity|Christian]] allies, under the leadership of the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] King and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], were defeated in the [[Battle of Nicopolis]]. The siege of [[Constantinople]] lasted until [[1401]] . Even emperor has escaped from city but salvation for doomed [[Byzantine empire]] had come from Mongol declaration of war to Bayazid.
In [[1400]], the Central Asian warlord [[Timur Lenk]] had succeeded in rousing the local kingdoms that had been conquered by the Turks to join him in his attack on Bayezid. In the fateful [[Battle of Ankara]], on [[July 20]], [[1402]], Bayezid was captured by Timur. Some contemporary reports claimed that Timur kept Bayezid chained in a cage as a trophy. Likewise, there are many stories about Bayeazid's captivity, including one that describes how Timur used him as a footstool. However, these accounts are thought to be false, as writers from Timur's court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur mourned his death. Likewise, Timur's own history with other rulers demonstrated that he was true to his word when he later claimed to have aimed at re-establishing Bayezid on the Ottoman throne. One year later, Bayezid died — some accounts claim that he committed [[suicide]].
| 01:03, 31 August 2005 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bollywood&diff=2608647&oldid=2581391 | [[de:Bollywood]] [[fr:Bollywood]] [[nl:Bollywood]] [[sv:Bollywood]]
'''''Bollywood''''' is the name given to the [[Mumbai]]-based [[Hindi language]] [[film industry]] in [[India]]. It is considered to be the largest in the world in terms of number of films produced. The term ''Bollywood'' was created by conflating ''Bombay'' (the city now called [[Mumbai]]) and "[[Hollywood]]". Mumbai is a major centre for the production and editing of Indian films.
The films it produces are mostly in [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. They are generally [[musical]]s. Few movies are made without at least one song-and-dance number. Indian audiences expect full value for their money; they want songs and dances, love interest, comedy and dare-devil thrills, all mixed up in a three hour long extravaganza with intermission. Such movies are called ''masala'' movies, after the spice mixture ''masala''. Like ''masala'', these movies have everything.
The plots are often melodramatic, featuring twins separated at birth, conniving villains, evil step-mothers, courtesans with hearts of gold, dramatic reversals of fortune, and improbable coincidences.
*[[Mani Ratnam]] - ''[[Anjali]]'', ''[[Roja]]'', ''[[Bombay]]'', ''[[Dil Se]]''
*[[Shakti Samanta]] - ''Aradhana'', ''Anuraag''
*[[Ram Gopal Varma]] - ''[[Rangeela]]'', ''[[Satya]]'', ''[[Company]]''
*[[Satyajit Ray]] - [[Oscar]] for lifetime achievement, ''[[Pather Panchali]]''
==Popular Bollywood Films (in reverse chronological order) ==
* ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989): Rich boy Prem (Salman Khan) falls for poor girl Suman (Bhagyashree).
* ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975): The film narrates the story of an ex-cop Thakur Baldev Singh (Sanjeev Kumar) who hires two jail birds (Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra) to eradicate a town and neighbouring villages of the menace of Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan) and his band of dreaded dacoits. Based on American sphagetti westerns, it became the most successful film in Indian flim history.
* ''Jai Santoshi Maa'' (1975). A good woman is abandoned by her husband and mis-treated by his malicious sisters-in-law, but her devotion to the goddess Santoshi Maa solves all. This B-movie mythological was an unexpected success and elevated a regional deity (Santoshi Maa) to wider fame.
| 06:09, 1 March 2004 | [[de:Bollywood]] [[fr:Bollywood]] [[nl:Bollywood]] [[sv:Bollywood]]
'''''Bollywood''''' is the name given to the [[Mumbai]]-based [[Hindi]] language [[film industry]] in [[India]]. It is considered to be the largest in the world in terms of number of films produced. The term ''Bollywood'' was created by conflating ''Bombay'' (the city now called Mumbai) and "[[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]]". Mumbai is a major centre for the production and editing of Indian films.
The films it produces are mostly in Hindi. They are generally [[musical]]s. Few movies are made without at least one song-and-dance number. Indian audiences expect full value for their money; they want songs and dances, love interest, comedy and dare-devil thrills, all mixed up in a three hour long extravaganza with intermission. Such movies are called ''masala'' movies, after the spice mixture ''masala''. Like ''masala'', these movies have everything.
The plots are often melodramatic, featuring twins separated at birth, conniving villains, evil step-mothers, courtesans with hearts of gold, dramatic reversals of fortune, and improbable coincidences.
*[[Mani Ratnam]] - ''[[Anjali]]'', ''[[Roja]]'', ''[[Bombay]]'', ''[[Dil Se]]''
*[[Shakti Samanta]] - ''Aradhana'', ''Anuraag''
*[[Ram Gopal Varma]] - ''[[Rangeela]]'', ''[[Satya]]'', ''[[Company]]''
*[[Satyajit Ray]] - [[Academy Award|Oscar]] for lifetime achievement, ''[[Pather Panchali]]''
==Popular Bollywood Films (in reverse chronological order) ==
* ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989): Rich boy Prem (Salman Khan) falls for poor girl Suman (Bhagyashree).
* ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975): The film narrates the story of an ex-cop Thakur Baldev Singh (Sanjeev Kumar) who hires two jail birds (Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra) to eradicate a town and neighbouring villages of the menace of Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan) and his band of dreaded dacoits. Based on American spaghetti westerns, it became the most successful film in Indian film history.
* ''Jai Santoshi Maa'' (1975). A good woman is abandoned by her husband and mis-treated by his malicious sisters-in-law, but her devotion to the goddess Santoshi Maa solves all. This B-movie mythological was an unexpected success and elevated a regional deity (Santoshi Maa) to wider fame.
| 07:22, 1 March 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bollywood&diff=2691020&oldid=2690998 |
Film-makers have long borrowed freely from Western sources, often without attribution or licensing fees. Popular Western movies have been adapted to Indian tastes, and Western tunes have been given Hindi lyrics. Rushed production schedules and low budgets encouraged such [[plagiarism]]—which could continue with impunity as long as the Western movie and recording industries ignored the very existence of Bollywood. Now that Bollywood movies are more available in [[Europe]] and [[North America]], this blatant plagiarism has somewhat diminished. For example, in the recent film ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' ([[2003]]), the producers paid a license fee to the estate of [[Roy Orbison]] to use the melody of his song "[[Pretty Woman]]".
Bollywood budgets are usually modest by Hollywood standards. [[Set (drama)|Sets]], [[costume]]s, [[special effects]], and [[cinematography]] are often less than world-class. But as Western films and [[television]] gain wider distribution in India itself, there is increasing pressure for Bollywood films to attain the same production levels. Sequences shot overseas have proved a real [[box office]] draw, so Mumbai film crews are increasingly peripatetic, filming in [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[England]], continental Europe, etc.
Funding for Bollywood films remains hit-and-miss. There are no large [[Movie studio|studios]] and until recently, Indian [[bank]]s were forbidden from lending money to finance film productions. Thus funding often comes from private distributors, and sometimes from illegitimate sources. For example, in 2001 the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], India's national [[police]] agency, seized all prints of the film ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke'' after the movie was found to be funded by members of the Mumbai underworld.
Another problem facing Bollywood is piracy of its films. Often pirated [[DVD#DVD-Video|DVD]]s arrive before the print for the picture.
Finally, television and imported foreign films are making huge inroads into the domestic Indian entertainment market. In the past, most Bollywood films could make money; now only a few are hits. Balanced against this are the increasing returns from theatres in Western countries like the [[United Kingdom]], Canada, and the United States. As more Indians migrate to these countries, they form a growing market for upscale Indian films. 'Foreign' audiences—in Asian *and* Western countries—are also growing, if more slowly.
Well known directors (in alphabetic order by last name)
History of Bollywood: under construction.
| 09:23, 9 March 2004 |
Film-makers have long borrowed freely from Western sources, often without attribution or licensing fees. Popular Western movies have been adapted to Indian tastes, and Western tunes have been given Hindi lyrics. Rushed production schedules and low budgets encouraged such [[plagiarism]]—which could continue with impunity as long as the Western movie and recording industries ignored the very existence of Bollywood. Now that Bollywood movies are more available in [[Europe]] and [[North America]], this blatant plagiarism has somewhat diminished. For example, in the recent film ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' ([[2003]]), the producers paid a license fee to the estate of [[Roy Orbison]] to use the melody of his song "[[Pretty Woman]]".
Bollywood budgets are usually modest by Hollywood standards. [[Set (drama)|Sets]], [[costume]]s, [[special effects]], and [[cinematography]] are often less than world-class. But as Western films and [[television]] gain wider distribution in India itself, there is increasing pressure for Bollywood films to attain the same production levels. Sequences shot overseas have proved a real [[box office]] draw, so Mumbai film crews are increasingly peripatetic, filming in [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[England]], continental Europe and elsewhere.
Funding for Bollywood films remains hit-and-miss. There are no large [[Movie studio|studios]] and until recently, Indian [[bank]]s were forbidden from lending money to finance film productions. Thus funding often comes from private distributors, and sometimes from illegitimate sources. For example, in 2001 the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], India's national [[police]] agency, seized all prints of the film ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke'' after the movie was found to be funded by members of the Mumbai underworld.
Another problem facing Bollywood is piracy of its films. Often pirated [[DVD#DVD-Video|DVD]]s arrive before the print for the picture.
Finally, television and imported foreign films are making huge inroads into the domestic Indian entertainment market. In the past, most Bollywood films could make money; now only a few are hits. Balanced against this are the increasing returns from theatres in Western countries like the [[United Kingdom]], Canada, and the United States. As more Indians migrate to these countries, they form a growing market for upscale Indian films. 'Foreign' audiences—in Asian ''and'' Western countries—are also growing, if more slowly.
History of Bollywood: under construction.
| 09:29, 9 March 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bethlehem&diff=4200378&oldid=4103309 | [[de:Betlehem]][[fr:Bethléem]][[nl:Bethlehem]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Israel geography]] | 14:20, 15 June 2004 | [[de:Betlehem]][[fr:Bethléem]][[nl:Bethlehem]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Palestine]]
[[Category:Israel geography]] | 14:21, 15 June 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bethlehem&diff=4686160&oldid=4628290 |
'''Bethlehem''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]
'''بيت لحم''' '''Bayt Laħm''' "house of meat"; [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''בית לחם''' '''Bêth léħem''', '''Bêth lāħem''' "house of bread", [[Sephardi Hebrew]] '''Bet léħem''', '''Bet lǻħem''', [[Ashkenazi Hebrew]] '''Beis léchem''', '''Beis lóchem''', [[Israeli Hebrew]] '''Beit léchem''', '''Beit láchem''') is a [[Palestinian]] city in the [[West Bank]]. Under the [[Oslo accords]], [[Israel]] handed over Bethlehem to the [[Palestinian Authority]] in 1996. Bethlehem is about 10 kilometers south of [[Jerusalem]], standing at an elevation of about 765 meters above the sea, thus 30 meters higher than Jerusalem. The Bethlehem [[agglomeration]] also covers the small towns of [[Beit Jala]] and [[Beit Sahour]], the latter also having biblical significance. Bethlehem is home to a university [http://www.bethlehem.edu].
Bethlehem has great significance to the [[Christianity|Christian religion]] as it is the place where [[Jesus of Nazareth]] is said to have been born. The city's populated area and its attached suburbs are immediately adjacent the traditional site of [[Rachel]]'s tomb which is important in [[Judaism]]. Bethlehem is also home to one of largest communities of [[Palestinian Christians]] remaining in the Middle East.
| 18:37, 7 July 2004 |
'''Bethlehem''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]
'''بيت لحم''' '''Bayt Laḥm''' "house of meat"; '''בית לחם''' "house of bread", [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''Bêṯ léḥem''' / '''Bêṯ lāḥem''', [[Standard Hebrew]] '''Bet léḥem''' / '''Bet láḥem''') is a [[Palestinian]] city in the [[West Bank]]. Under the [[Oslo accords]], [[Israel]] handed over Bethlehem to the [[Palestinian Authority]] in 1996. Bethlehem is about 10 kilometers south of [[Jerusalem]], standing at an elevation of about 765 meters above the sea, thus 30 meters higher than Jerusalem. The Bethlehem [[agglomeration]] also covers the small towns of [[Beit Jala]] and [[Beit Sahour]], the latter also having biblical significance. Bethlehem is home to a university [http://www.bethlehem.edu].
Bethlehem has great significance to the [[Christianity|Christian religion]] as it is the place where [[Jesus of Nazareth]] is said to have been born. The city's populated area and its attached suburbs are immediately adjacent the traditional site of [[Rachel]]'s tomb which is important in [[Judaism]]. Bethlehem is also home to one of largest communities of [[Palestinian Christians]] remaining in the Middle East.
| 11:01, 14 July 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bethlehem&diff=7469494&oldid=6857810 |
[[de:Betlehem]][[fr:Bethléem]][[nl:Bethlehem]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Palestinian Cities]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible/Tanakh places]]
[[Category:Israel geography]] | 06:05, 27 September 2004 |
[[de:Betlehem]][[fr:Bethléem]][[nl:Bethlehem]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible/Tanakh places]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Israel geography]]
[[Category:Jesus]]
[[Category:Palestinian Cities]] | 20:09, 25 October 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bethlehem&diff=8376120&oldid=8145011 |
In ancient time, '''Bethlehem''' was also the name of a town in the [[Tribe of Zebulun]]. It is identified with Beit Lahm (Bet Lehem Ha-Gelilit), northwest of [[Nazareth]].
[[de:Betlehem]][[fr:Bethléem]][[nl:Bethlehem]][[ja:ベツレヘム]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible/Tanakh places]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
| 05:12, 5 December 2004 |
In ancient time, '''Bethlehem''' was also the name of a town in the [[Tribe of Zebulun]]. It is identified with Beit Lahm (Bet Lehem Ha-Gelilit), northwest of [[Nazareth]].
[[da:Betlehem]]
[[de:Betlehem]]
[[fr:Bethléem]]
[[nl:Bethlehem]]
[[ja:ベツレヘム]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible/Tanakh places]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
| 11:06, 5 December 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Black_Sabbath&diff=1161717&oldid=1161710 | *[[1972]] ''[[Vol. 4]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1973]] ''[[Sabbath Bloody Sabbath]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1975]] ''[[Sabotage (album)|Sabotage]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1975]] ''[[We Sold Our Souls For Rock & Roll]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1976]] ''[[Technical Ecstasy]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1978]] ''[[Never Say Die!]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1980]] ''[[Heaven and Hell]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Ward)
*[[1994]] ''[[Cross Purposes]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Butler, Rondinelli, Nicholls)
*[[1995]] ''Cross Purposes Live'' (live - Iommi, Martin, Butler, Rondinelli, Nicholls)
*[[1995]] ''[[Forbidden]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Murray, Powell, Nicholls)
*[[1996]] ''The Sabbath Stones'' (compilation of later works)
*[[1998]] ''[[Reunion (album)|Reunion]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[2002]] ''[[Phlem]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward) | 03:33, 8 July 2003 | *[[1972]] ''[[Vol. 4]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1973]] ''[[Sabbath Bloody Sabbath]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1975]] ''[[Sabotage (album)|Sabotage]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1976]] ''[[We Sold Our Souls For Rock & Roll]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1976]] ''[[Technical Ecstasy]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1978]] ''[[Never Say Die!]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1980]] ''[[Heaven and Hell]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Ward)
*[[1994]] ''[[Cross Purposes]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Butler, Rondinelli, Nicholls)
*[[1995]] ''Cross Purposes Live'' (live - Iommi, Martin, Butler, Rondinelli, Nicholls)
*[[1995]] ''[[Forbidden]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Murray, Powell, Nicholls)
*[[1996]] ''[[Under Wheels of Confusion: 1970-1987]]'' (4-disc compilation)
*[[1996]] ''The Sabbath Stones'' (compilation of later works)
*[[1998]] ''[[Reunion (album)|Reunion]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[2002]] ''[[Past Lives]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward) | 22:25, 17 July 2003 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Black_Sabbath&diff=5042540&oldid=5010301 | *[[1976]] ''[[Technical Ecstasy]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1978]] ''[[Never Say Die!]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1980]] ''[[Heaven and Hell]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Ward)
*[[1981]] ''[[Mob Rules]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Ward)
*[[1982]] ''[[Live Evil]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1983]] ''[[Born Again (album)|Born Again]]'' (Iommi, Gillan, Butler, Ward, Nicholls)
*[[1986]] ''[[Seventh Star]]'' (Iommi, Hughes, Spitz, Singer, Nicholls, Copley)
*[[1987]] ''[[The Eternal Idol]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Spitz, Daisley, Singer, Bevan, Nicholls)
| 21:13, 2 August 2004 | *[[1976]] ''[[Technical Ecstasy]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1978]] ''[[Never Say Die!]]'' (Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward)
*[[1980]] ''[[Heaven and Hell]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Ward)
*[[1981]] ''[[Mob Rules]]'' (Iommi, Dio, Butler, Appice)
*[[1982]] ''[[Live Evil]]'' (live - Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Appice)
*[[1983]] ''[[Born Again (album)|Born Again]]'' (Iommi, Gillan, Butler, Ward, Nicholls)
*[[1986]] ''[[Seventh Star]]'' (Iommi, Hughes, Spitz, Singer, Nicholls, Copley)
*[[1987]] ''[[The Eternal Idol]]'' (Iommi, Martin, Spitz, Daisley, Singer, Bevan, Nicholls)
| 05:12, 5 August 2004 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Borel_measure&diff=15902598&oldid=12277460 |
The Borel measure is not [[complete measure|complete]], which is why in practice the complete [[Lebesgue measure]] is preferred: every Borel measurable set is also Lebesgue measurable, and the measures of the set agree.
In a more general (abstract) measure-theoretic context, Let E be a [[Hausdorff_space|Hausdorff space]]. A measure <math>\mu</math> is '''Borel''' iff <math>\mu(K) < +\infty\ \forall K \subset E</math> compact.
[[de:Borel-Maß]]
[[fr:Mesure de Borel]]
| 19:09, 13 April 2005 |
The Borel measure is not [[complete measure|complete]], which is why in practice the complete [[Lebesgue measure]] is preferred: every Borel measurable set is also Lebesgue measurable, and the measures of the set agree.
In a more general (abstract) measure-theoretic context, Let E be a [[Hausdorff_space|Hausdorff space]]. A measure μ on the σ-algbera <math>\mathfrak{B}(E) </math> (the [[Borel_algebra|Borel σ-algebra]] on E) is '''Borel''' iff <math>\mu(K) < +\infty\ \forall K \subset E</math> compact.
[[de:Borel-Maß]]
[[fr:Mesure de Borel]]
| 00:11, 14 April 2005 | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Brian_Lara&diff=4422513&oldid=4373477 | *He has made an aggregate of 9830 runs in Test cricket (as of [[June 28]], [[2004]]), which makes him the all-time leading run scorer for West Indies and the 4th leading run scorer in all of Test cricket [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/TEST_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html].
*He has scored 26 centuries (the most for a West Indian and 7th for all Test cricket), of which 7 are double centuries (surpassed only by [[Donald Bradman]] [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/LEADING_BATSMEN_TEST_200S.html]). He has scored centuries against all Test-playing nations except [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistan]].
*Over the years, Lara has fought many lone battles as the West Indies batting line-up has become a shadow of its glorious past. He has scored an astonishing 19% of his team runs [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2004/JUN/159724_COL-STATS_02JUN2004.html], a feat surpassed only by [[Donald Bradman]] (24%) and [[George Headley]] (21%). Lara scored 688 runs (a record 42% of team output and the second highest aggregate runs in history for a three-Test series) in the 2001-02 [[Sri Lanka]] tour [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/HI_AGG_RUNS_IN_SERIES.html].
*He also scored a century and a double century in the third Test in that same Sri Lanka tour, a feat only duplicated 4 other times in Test cricket history [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/100_EACH_INNS_TEST.html].
*A devastating batsman when in form, Lara holds the world record of scoring most runs (28) in an single [[over (cricket)|over]] in Test cricket [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/TEST_BAT_MOST_RUNS_OVER.html].
*In [[1994]], he was awarded the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality]] Award. In [[1995]], he was the [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]].
*Comfortably [[batting average|averaging]] over 50 per innings (a benchmark for batting greatness in test cricket), as of [[28 June]], [[2004]]), Lara is ranked the number one batsman in test cricket according to the [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] Cricket Ratings [http://www.pwcratings.com].
| 16:46, 30 June 2004 | *He has made an aggregate of 9830 runs in Test cricket (as of [[June 28]], [[2004]]), which makes him the all-time leading run scorer for West Indies and the 4th leading run scorer in all of Test cricket [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/TEST_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html].
*He has scored 26 centuries (the most for a West Indian and 7th for all Test cricket), of which 7 are double centuries (surpassed only by [[Donald Bradman]] [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/LEADING_BATSMEN_TEST_200S.html]). He has scored centuries against all Test-playing nations except [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistan]].
*Over the years, Lara has fought many lone battles as the West Indies batting line-up has become a shadow of its glorious past. He has scored an astonishing 19% of his team runs [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2004/JUN/159724_COL-STATS_02JUN2004.html], a feat surpassed only by [[Donald Bradman]] (24%) and [[George Headley]] (21%). Lara scored 688 runs (a record 42% of team output and the second highest aggregate runs in history for a three-Test series) in the 2001-02 [[Sri Lanka]] tour [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/HI_AGG_RUNS_IN_SERIES.html].
*He also scored a century and a double century in the third Test in that same Sri Lanka tour, a feat repeated four other times in Test cricket history [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/100_EACH_INNS_TEST.html].
*A devastating batsman when in form, Lara holds the world record of scoring most runs (28) in an single [[over (cricket)|over]] in Test cricket [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/TESTS/BATTING/TEST_BAT_MOST_RUNS_OVER.html].
*In [[1994]], he was awarded the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality]] Award. In [[1995]], he was the [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]].
*Comfortably [[batting average|averaging]] over 50 per innings (a benchmark for batting greatness in test cricket), as of [[28 June]], [[2004]]), Lara is ranked the number one batsman in test cricket according to the [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] Cricket Ratings [http://www.pwcratings.com].
| 19:38, 30 June 2004 | 1 |
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