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Jyothirmayi
Jyothirmayi is an Indian actress, former model and television personality, who had primarily worked in Malayalam cinema. Starting her career in modelling, she ventured into television, working as an anchor and later starring in TV series. She went on to appear in feature films, gaining recognition for her critically acclaimed performance in Bhavam (2002) and her role in Meesa Madhavan (2002). Since, she has acted in nearly thirty films in Malayalam as well as in Tamil and Telugu language.
Career
She was a serial artist at first. Indraneelam directed by Suresh Krishna is one of her famous serials. She has also acted in some telefilms but was not successful. In her first film Pilots, she played a minor character and the film was a failure. She became a top actress after Meesha Madhavan.
Personal life
She was married to Nishanth Kumar, on 6 September 2004. Few years later the couple filed for divorce, and it was granted on 1 October 2011. She married film director and cinematographer Amal Neerad on 4 April 2015.
Awards
Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress – Bhaavam (2002)
National film awards
National Film Award (Special Mention) – Bhaavam (2002)
Kerala state television awards
2001– Kerala state television award for best actress -avasthatarangal
Asianet film awards
Asianet Award for Best Female New Face of the Year – Meesa Madhavan
Filmography
TV Serials
Indhraneelam
Ashtabandhangal
Avasthantharangal
Annu Mazhayayirunnu
Arikil Oral Koode (Telefilm) as Maya
TV Shows as Host
Pepsi Top 10
Your Choice
Vaalkannadi
Kalaalayavarnangal
Vivel Honeymoon Travels
References
External links
Category:Indian film actresses
Category:Living people
Category:Kerala State Film Award winners
Category:21st-century Indian actresses
Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema
Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema
Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Category:Actresses from Kottayam
Category:Indian television actresses
Category:Actresses in Malayalam television
Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners
Category:1983 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jordan Fauqué
Jordan Fauqué (born 26 August 1991) is a French footballer who plays as a defender for Balma SC. He previously played professionally for Châteauroux between 2009 and 2013, making 39 appearances in Ligue 2.
References
Jordan Fauque profile at foot-national.com
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Arles
Category:French footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:LB Châteauroux players
Category:Rodez AF players
Category:Balma SC players
Category:Ligue 2 players
Category:Sportspeople from Bouches-du-Rhône | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Choristoneura bracatana
Choristoneura bracatana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.
The wingspan is 28–32 mm.
The larvae feed on Viburnum rugosum.
References
Category:Moths described in 1894
Category:Choristoneura | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
John Giordano (conductor)
John Read Giordano (born December 31, 1937) is an American orchestra conductor, professor of music, composer, and former concert saxophonist. He is Associate Professor of Music at Texas Christian University. He is Music Director Emeritus of the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra where he served as Music Director and Conductor for 27 years, Founder of the Fort Worth Chamber Orchestra, Jury Chairman of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition since 1973, Music Director Emeritus of the Youth Orchestra of Greater Fort Worth, Founder and Director of the Colorado College Summer Music Festival and Conservatory, Director of Chamber Music for the Bowdoin Summer Music Festival, International Guest Conductor, published composer and arranger with an extensive award winning discography.
Education
Giordano holds the following diplomas:
1960 — Texas Christian University, Bachelor of Music Education (composition)
Texas Christian University, Master of Music
Conservatoire Royal de Musique, Brussels, Diploma Superieure (Fulbright Scholar)
University of North Texas, Doctor of Musical Arts
Giordano also studied at the University of California and the Eastman School of Music. While studying at the Brussels Conservatory, he studied saxophone with Francois Daneels, who was recognized as one of Europe's leading saxophone virtuosos.
Published work & academic appointments
Fantasy, for Alto Saxophone and Piano, Southern Music Co., San Antonio (c1969)
March 1966 — While a grad student at the University of North Texas College of Music, Giordano was appointed Assistant Conductor of the Fort Worth Youth Symphony when it was formed.
April 13, 1966 — Giordano premiered a composition for saxophone wind ensemble, performed by the Dallas Symphony. He composed the work through his involvement with the Composer-Performer Workshop at the University of North Texas. Another one of his compositions, built a 12-tone theme, was simply read by the orchestra during rehearsal.
July 11, 1966 — The University of North Texas regents approved the appointment of Giordano to teach in the College of Music as Artist in Residence. Giordano served at the University of North Texas until 1973, when, a year earlier, he was appointed conductor of the Fort Worth Symphony.
Saxophonist
Giordano is known well as a symphony conductor. But he also had a distinguished career as a saxophonist. Early in his career, one of his notable performances was in London with the BBC Symphony Chamber Orchestra performing Jacques Ibert's Concertino da Camera under the direction of Francis Chagrin on May 12, 1971. In December 1971, Giordano toured France and Belgium, performing concert saxophone on Flemish and French radio and television and in the cities of Tubize, Dinant, Brussels, Enghien, Antwerp, Paris, Givet, and Marcinelle.
Family
John Giordano is married to Mary Alice Giordano (nee Dammann). They have three children:
Jacqueline Anne Giordano (married Stephen B Lasko, 1992, Fort Worth)
Ellen Elaine Giordano (married Stewart G Austin, Jr. 1994, Fort Worth)
John Bishop Giordano (married Veronica F Barron, 1995, Fort Worth)
External links
Biography, Corpus Christi Symphony Orchestra
References
Category:American male conductors (music)
Category:1937 births
Category:Classical saxophonists
Category:American classical saxophonists
Category:American male saxophonists
Category:Texas classical music
Category:Texas Christian University alumni
Category:University of North Texas College of Music alumni
Category:University of North Texas College of Music faculty
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century saxophonists
Category:21st-century American conductors (music)
Category:21st-century American male musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Heinrich Gräfe
Heinrich Gräfe or Graefe (March 3, 1802 – July 22, 1868), German educator, was born at Buttstädt in Saxe-Weimar.
He studied mathematics and theology at Jena, and in 1823 obtained a curacy in the town church of Weimar. He was transferred to Jena as rector of the town school in 1825; in 1840 he was also appointed extraordinary professor of the science of education (Pädagogik) in that university; and in 1842 he became head of the Burgersckule (middle class school) in Kassel.
After reorganizing the schools of the town, he became director of the new Realschule in 1843; and, devoting himself to the interests of educational reform in the Electorate of Hesse, he became in 1849 a member of the school commission, and also entered the house of representatives, where he made himself somewhat formidable as an agitator.
In 1852 for having been implicated in the September riots and in the movement against the unpopular minister Hassenpflug, who had dissolved the school commission, he was condemned to three years imprisonment, a sentence afterwards reduced to one of twelve months. On his release he withdrew to Geneva, where he engaged at the International Boarding School La Châtelaine (owner and director Achilles Roediger) till 1855, when he was appointed director of the Realschule in der Altstadt at Bremen till his death on 21 July 1868. His successor was Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau.
Besides being the author of many text-books and occasional papers on educational subjects, he wrote Des Rechisverhaltnis der Volksschule von innen und aussen (1829); Die Schulreform (1834); Schule fend Unterricht (1839); Allgemeine Pädagogik (1845); Die deutsche Volksschule (1847). Together with Naumann, he also edited the Archiv für das praktische Volksschulwesen (1828-1835).
Notes
References
Category:1802 births
Category:1868 deaths
Category:People from Buttstädt
Category:People from Saxe-Weimar | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Minister of Commerce and Industry (Afghanistan)
Current and past governments of Afghanistan have included a Minister of Commerce in the Afghan cabinet. The Ministry of Commerce creates the enabling environment for sustainable and equitable economic growth and opportunity for all Afghans by promoting private sector development in a socially responsible free market economy. The Ministry has three basic goals: a) to promote the establishment and implementation of a legal and regulatory framework necessary for a free market economy b) to integrate Afghanistan into the regional and global economy and c) to facilitate and promote the development of a dynamic, competitive private sector.
After the fall of the Taliban, the 2001 Bonn Conference formed an interim government for Afghanistan. In this Government, there was one minister for Commerce, one minister for mines and industries and one minister for small industries. In 2004, when the newly elected President Hamid Karzai formed his first official government, the post of small industries was deleted. After 2006, when there was a major cabinet reshuffle, the minister of Commerce became more and more referred to as the minister of Commerce and Industries. The formal portfolio of the minister of mines is now without that of industries, although he still is sometimes referred to as minister of Mines and Industries.
After the reelection of President Karzai he formed a second administration. in January 2010 both of the candidates that Karzai nominated for the post, first Ghulam Mohammad Eylaghi and later Zahir Waheed, were voted down by the National Assembly, Eylaghi functioned for some time as acting minister of Commerce. Only in June 2010, when Karzai nominated Dr. Anwar-Ul-Haq Ahady as the new minister of Commerce, the ministry was led again by someone who was confirmed by the National Assembly.
Ministers
References
See also
List of company registers
External links
Ministry of Commerce and Industries
Commerce and Industries
Afghanistan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hjartsláttur
Hjartsláttur ('heart-beat') is the fourth novel for young people by Ragnheiður Gestsdóttir. It was published in 2009 in Reykjavík by Mál og menning.
Form
The novel is a third-person narrative. Each chapter is from the perspective of a particular character, and takes its title from that character's name. Occasionally the same event is narrated twice from different characters' perspectives, illuminating the way in which the same event can be understood differently by different people.
The novel's characters explicitly draw inspiration from the story of Tristan and Isolde and the novel's plot bears some resemblance to this medieval romance.
Plot
The main characters are around fifteen years old: Íris Sól and the new boy in her class, Tristan. Tristan is the son of Gerður and a Somali-Danish man later named as Karl; the fact that he is black is incidental to the plot but fairly often commented on in the text. At the beginning of the story, Tristan knows nothing about his paternity: as the story proceeds it emerges that his mother, Gerður, conceived him in a one-night stand with Karl in Denmark and never told Karl. The novel takes place against the backdrop of the 2008 Icelandic financial crisis, and particularly the 2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests.
Íris Sól and Tristan fall in love and begin a secret relationship. Tristan's mother finds that the mortgage on their new flat in Reykjavík is increasingly unaffordable due to the Crisis. She finds work teaching at university in Canada. Unwilling to move away from Íris Sól or to reveal his relationship, Tristan runs away from home in order to emphasise his commitment to staying in Iceland. Tristan's mother has previously noticed in the news that Tristan's father Karl has moved to Iceland to work as a handball coach and concludes that Tristan has seen Karl and recognised him as his father. She reveals Tristan's paternity to her own father, Bjarni, who visits Karl in an unsuccessful search for Tristan; in this way, Karl discovers that Tristan exists.
Tristan spends his first night away from home in Ikea; the second in an unfinished block of flats in Hafnarfjörður, where he enjoys the hospitality of some Eastern European migrant workers; and then walks to his grandparents' stable in Keflavík for his third night. Exhausted by the walk, he encounters two men making illicit use of the abandoned farm buildings by the stable. They threaten him, but Tristan is rescued by Íris Sól, who, concerned that Tristan might die of exposure, raises the alarm and proceeds to the farm with Tristan's mother and the police; Karl and Bjarni join them at the scene; and the criminals (who are implicitly growing marajuana) are apprehended.
The story ends with Tristan's relationship to Íris Sól and to Karl becoming public.
Critical reception
The novel's denouement has been criticised as being rather unrealistic by Margrét Tryggvadóttir.
References
Category:2009 novels
Category:2009 children's books
Category:Icelandic novels
Category:Novels set in Iceland
Category:Icelandic-language novels
Category:Icelandic children's literature
Category:Young adult novels | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Amor cautivo
Amor cautivo (English title Prisoner of love )"", is a Mexican telenovela produced by TV Azteca in association with Corazón TV. It stars Marimar Vega and Arap Bethke as the main protagonists. Filming starts on 6 May 2012.It is based on Lejana como el viento by Laura Visconti.
In 2015,It premiered in Africa on the Eva Channel(141 English dub and 508 Portuguese dub) on DSTV.
Cast
Marimar Vega as Alejandra Santacruz
Arap Bethke as Fernando Bustamante Arizmendi
Hector Bonilla as Félix Del Valle
Patricia Bernal as Maribel Sosa de Arismendi
Fernando Ciangherotti as Jorge Bustamante
Andrés Palacios as Javier del Valle
Eduardo Arroyuelo as Mauricio DelgadoEdmundo Grijalva/Raymundo Figueroa
Cecilia Ponce as Eugenia Rángel
Andrea Noli as Beatriz Del Valle
Luis Felipe Tovar as Commandante Alfredo Linares
Alberto Guerra as Ramiro Estrada
Juan Pablo Medina as Efraín Valdemar
Vanessa Ciangherotti as Ángela
Barbara de Regil as Vanessa Ledesma
Guillermo Iván Dueñas as Antonio "Tony"
Erick Chapa as Marcelo Bustamante Arizmendi
Patricia Garza as Tatiana
Carla Carillo as Mariví Bustamante Arizmendi
Alonso Espeleta as Diego Del Valle
Mayra Rojas as Susana
Carmen Delgado as Paula Manriquez
Daniel Martinez as Isaias
Marcela Ruiz Esparza as Iris
Estela Cano as Martha Estrada
Israel Amescua as Bryan de Jesús
Gina Morett as Cruz
Claudia Lobo as Gladys de Estrada
Emilio Guerrero as Rufino Estrada
Fernando Rubio as Paco
Fidel Garriga as Billy Thompson
Roberto Castañeda as Guillermo
Keyla Wood as Panchita
Pilar Fernández as Rebecca
Karla Cruz as Carmen
Javier Escobar as Jairo
Hernán Mendoza as Camilo "Locamiro"
Juan Manuel Bernal as Nicolas Santacruz
Maria Renée Prudencio as Soledad gustillo de Santacruz
Alicia Jaziz as Alejandra Santacruz (young)
References
External links
Category:2012 telenovelas
Category:2012 Mexican television series debuts
Category:2012 Mexican television series endings
Category:Mexican telenovelas
Category:TV Azteca telenovelas
Category:Mexican television series based on Venezuelan television series
Category:Spanish-language telenovelas | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
WotWentWrong
WotWentWrong was a website and free online application that allowed users to request feedback from dates and partners who did not want to pursue a relationship further but did not explain why. It was created in January 2012 by Audrey Melnik, an Australian IT consultant and businesswoman. Melnik calls the application "a breakup app for couples who never really broke up." The website earned revenue from contextual advertisements that appear at the bottom of dating and feedback reports. Two weeks after its launch, the site had received 28,000 unique visitors.
The application
WotWentWrong’s registered users could send customizable e-mails to request feedback from a specific person. The person asking for these reasons could also rate the other person on a variety of factors. The individual receiving the feedback request would only be able to see these ratings once they formally responded. Feedback could be given through predefined reasons or individualized explanations. When the user viewed the feedback report, WotWentWrong supplied customized advice and product recommendations oriented towards the chosen or indicated reasons and explanations. Melnik called the application a "socially-acceptable" way to get feedback on dates.
Dating statistics
In May 2012, WotWentWrong released a compilation of statistics explaining the top reasons that people had given, to those users who asked for dating feedback. The most-significant data was placed in an infographic, The top three reasons that men dumped women were: "not ready for a commitment", "low sex drive", and "bad hygiene". The top three reasons given by women were: "there’s someone else", "our dietary habits differ too much", and "too high maintenance".
References
Category:Dating
Category:Australian social networking websites | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
DPVAT
Danos pessoais causados por veículos automotores de via terrestre (DPVAT) , or Personal Injuries Caused by Land-based Automotive Vehicles, is a mandatory insurance in Brazil that provides compensation to victims of accidents caused by land motor vehicles. It was established in 1974 by Law 6,194/74. It does not apply to trains, boats, aircraft or bicycles, and it does not cover material damages (such as damage to vehicles).However, it does apply to accidents involving Land-based Automotive Vehicles and bicycles and pedestrians.
It ensures compensation for accident victims for death (at R$13,500), permanent disability (up to R$13,500), and medical assistance and supplementary expenses (up to R$2,700) - the amounts are set by the National Private Insurance Council - CNSP (which has links with the Ministry of the Treasury), and ratified by Law 11,482/07.
It is compulsory for all motor vehicle owners. It is paid for annually at the start of each year, and it is valid between 1 January and 31 December. Different types of vehicles pay different fees. For cars, the fee was R$101.10 in 2016, R$63.69 in 2017, and R$42 in 2018. For motorbikes it is R$180.65 in 2018 due to higher accident rates. Different fees apply for rental cars, taxis, mopeds, trucks and buses.
References
Category:Economy of Brazil
Category:Insurance
Category:Road transport in Brazil | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alisher Barotov
Alisher Barotov (born 10 September 1999) is a Tajikistani professional football player who currently plays for FK Khujand.
Career
International
Barotov made his senior team debut on 10 July 2019 against Syria.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 15 July 2019
References
Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Tajikistani footballers
Category:Tajikistan international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Tajik League players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Seán Goulding
Seán Goulding (1877 – 15 December 1959) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A company director, he was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1927 to 1937, then a senator from 1938 to 1954, serving as Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann from 1943 to 1948.
From County Waterford, Goulding was elected at the September 1927 general election to the 6th Dáil as a TD for the Waterford constituency. He was re-elected at two further general elections until his defeat at the 1937 election to the 9th Dáil. He stood again at the 1938, 1943 and 1944 general elections, but never returned to the Dáil.
After the loss of his Dáil seat in 1937, he stood in the subsequent elections to the 5th Seanad Éireann, winning a seat on the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He was re-elected in 1943, and in 1944 was returned on the Administrative Panel, serving as Cathaoirleach (chair) of the Seanad from 1948 to 1951. In 1951, he was nominated by the Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, to the 7th Seanad, and elected as Leas-Chathaoirleach (deputy chair) on 2 June 1948. He did not contest the 1954 Seanad elections, and died on 15 December 1959, aged 82.
References
Category:1877 births
Category:1959 deaths
Category:Fianna Fáil TDs
Category:Cathaoirligh of Seanad Éireann
Category:Members of the 6th Dáil
Category:Members of the 7th Dáil
Category:Members of the 8th Dáil
Category:Members of the 3rd Seanad
Category:Members of the 4th Seanad
Category:Members of the 5th Seanad
Category:Members of the 6th Seanad
Category:Members of the 7th Seanad
Category:Nominated members of Seanad Éireann
Category:Fianna Fáil senators | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dongshan Island Campaign
The Dongshan Island Campaign () was a series of battles fought on Dongshan Island, Fujian between the Nationalists and the Communists during the Chinese Civil War when the nationalists unsuccessfully attempted to retake the island from the Communists. The campaign was the last and largest battle between two sides since the Nationalists withdrew to Taiwan. After this defeat, the nationalists realized that it was never practical to launch any large scale counterattack against the mainland on a similar scale again. Instead, the nationalist strikes against the mainland were reduced to limited infiltration and skirmishes.
Order of battle
Attackers: nationalist order of battle (more than 10,000 men):
Two army divisions
One paratroop division (with two brigades totaling 2,000 men)
13 naval vessels
30+ motorized junks
Defenders: communist order of battle
The 80th Public Security Regiment and militia (1,200 men)
The 272nd Regiment of the 31st Army
A regiment of the 28th Army
A regiment of the 41st Army
The 91st Division of the 31st Army
Prelude
Shortly before dawn on 16 July 1953, the nationalist commander Hu Lien (胡琏) commanding his troops, totalling two divisions in 13 naval vessels and more than 30 motorized junks, sailed toward Dongshan Island, Fujian, attempting to retake the island from the communists who took the island from the Nationalists three years earlier in the Battle of Dongshan Island. In addition to the two army divisions, an elite paratroop division totaling 2,000 personnel in two brigades was deployed for the mission, and the total Nationalist force committed was just over 10,000. The Nationalists had hoped to turn the island into another stronghold at near the enemy and use it as a steppingstone to launch strikes against the mainland, but many capable Nationalist commanders included the commander of this operation, Hu Lien, remained highly doubtful this would ever succeed, and after fierce debate, a compromise was reached: a much more moderate objective of striking the island to gain a political and morale boost and then a quick withdraw before the enemy could reinforce the island, and when the situation permitted, turn the island into a stronghold like the original plan.
The Communist local defense consisted of the 80th Public Security Regiment and militia totaling 1,200 men, obviously not enough, so the communist commander Ye Fei instructed the local garrison to decide what was best for itself, including withdraw if necessary, and attempt to retake the enemy later.
The Communist local commander You Meiyao (游梅耀), a staff officer of the Chen Yi during the Second Sino-Japanese War, refused to withdraw because that would allow the Nationalists to utilise the Communist fortifications on the island, making future attempts to dislodge the Nationalists from the island very difficult. You Meiyao suggested while the reinforcement was organized as fast as possible, the local garrison would utilise the advantageous landscape and fortifications on the island to slow the enemy down by inflicting as many casualties as possible, and once the attackers were exhausted, the defenders would counterattack with reinforcements.
First stage
The first shot of the campaign was fired at 5:00 AM on July 16, 1953 when a Nationalist division landed on the island. After three hours of fierce fighting, the enemy's first line of defense was breached, and the Nationalists succeeded in forcing the enemies into their second line of defense. By the end of the day, the Nationalists had successfully taken the largest port on the island and controlled most of the island. Despite taking most of the island, the Communist resistance in the few remaining isolated pockets proved to be much stronger than anticipated.
Communist mortar fire badly damaged the port facilities including the pier, but also scored direct hits on three large landing ships. Although the mortar rounds themselves were not powerful enough to completely destroy the landing ships which carried heavy weaponry and ammunition, the secondary explosions triggered by the direct hits by the enemy heavy mortars were enough to sink all three landing ships. Since the motorized junks with shallow draft were not severely effected by the wreckage, Nationalists were still able to transport personnel onto the island via these junks, but ships carrying heavy weaponry were effectively blocked due to greater draft. The Nationalists, however, did not consider the problem to be serious because the enemy was mostly light infantry anyway, a mistake that they would later deeply regret. In addition to failing to realize the problem caused, the nationalists were not able to take the highest point of the island from the enemy and although most of the enemy heavy mortars were knocked out with air support, the surviving ones did not stop shelling the nationalists until the very last round of ammunition had been exhausted.
The only Communist stronghold left on the island was in the region of Eight Feet Gate (Ba Chi Men, 八尺门), which faced the mainland, defended by a single company of communist naval infantry. The strongly fortified position included a pier and thus was the critical steppingstone for Communist reinforcement from the mainland. The Nationalists had correctly identified this serious threat and had also correctly decided to eliminate this threat early on, so entire American trained paratroop division which reached the island first was devoted for the mission. However, the lightly armed paratroopers proved to be no match for the enemy in heavily fortified positions on the terrain that strongly favored the defenders. Despite repeated assaults, the elite paratroopers failed to achieve their original objective, but also suffered heavy loss, with several hundred killed and wounded. The lack of heavy weaponry was the main cause of the Nationalist failure to take this very important position, which paved the way for the eventual nationalist defeat in the campaign. Unable to take either of the two remaining enemy strongholds on the island, the battle reached a stalemate.
Second stage
Communist units on the mainland reacted rapidly by mobilizing all available vehicles to transport troops to the front. The communist 272nd Regiment of the 31st Army at Zhangpu County was first to respond: by 5:50 AM, less than an hour after the first shot of the campaign was fired, the advance guard of the regiment was already on its way to the front in the extremely few military vehicles available, while the rest of the regiment stop every civilian vehicles on the road to have the needed rides. By 9:00 AM, the entire regiment had reached the Eight Feet Gate (Ba Chi Men, 八尺门) pier of the Eastern Mountain (Dongshan, 东山) Island, with the help of newly arrived reinforcement, the communist naval infantry company at Eight Feet Gate (Ba Chi Men, 八尺门) managed to force the attacking nationalist paratroopers into retreat. A regiment of the communist the 28th Army and a regiment of the communist the 41st Army soon arrived afterward and the communist commander You Meiyao, riding on the initial success of driving back the attacking nationalist paratroopers, decided to immediately counterattack before the arrival of any other reinforcement so that the nationalists would not have the time needed to regroup, and successfully disrupted the nationalist defense and redeployment. As the Nationalists were forced back by the counterattacking enemy in the ensuing battles, the communist 91st Division of the 31st Army landed on the island under the commander of the 31st Army, Zhou Zhijian (周志坚), the nationalists' fate on the island was thus sealed.
The nationalist commander of the operation, Hu Lien, initially did not believed that the enemy could reinforce the island in such large scale in such short time, since the vital bridge, the Nine Dragons Bridge (Jiulongjiang Daqiao, 九龙江大桥) was already destroyed by the Nationalist air force. Realizing that his force possessed neither technical nor the numerical advantages, Hu Lien wisely chose to withdraw before anymore enemy reinforcement arrived in order to avoid total annihilation. The enemy, in turn, seeing that what they sent was enough already to drive the attacking nationalists away from the island, did not pursuit and stopped sending further reinforcement. The campaign came to an end on July 18, 1953 after the island was secured by the defenders after the nationalist retreat.
Outcome
Dongshan Island Campaign was the last large scale nationalist counterattack against the mainland, Nationalist dead recovered by the communists on land and in the coastal waters totaled 2,664, and another 715 were captured, while the number of wounded was uncertain because most of them were successfully evacuated by the nationalists themselves. In addition, two tanks were destroyed, three landing ships sunk and two aircraft were also lost.
In order to maintain the secrecy of this surprise attack, the Kuomintang simply went too far in that even their own troops were not informed about the mission until they were already on their way to the island. Many captured Nationalist officers did not feel it was a fair fight because they were not informed, and had they been better informed, they would postpone the attack to better train their troops.
The poor Nationalist inter-service communication caused by the overly excessive secrecy also resulted in the nationalist landing ships unloading in the largest port on the island, which was directly within range of the enemy's heavy mortar positions. The slow landing ships loaded with heavy weaponry became sitting ducks as they were being unloaded, and in addition to three being sunk, the pier was also badly damaged by the accurate enemy fire.
Another serious blunder committed by the attacking nationalist force included attempts to cut the communication link between the defenders and the mainland. Despite the fact that every single telephone line pole was cut down, nobody bothered to cut the actual line, or to wiretap the enemy's telephone line. As a result, the defenders were able to maintain communications with the mainland and the Communist commanders were much better aware the situation than their Nationalist counterparts.
The other serious blunder committed by the attacking nationalist force was the grave underestimation of the Communist strength. Although the Nationalist order of battle included three divisions, none of them were full strength, and the elite paratroop division only included two brigades totaling 2,000 men, which was only the strength of a single brigade. Furthermore, due to the sinking of three landing ships at the port and the destruction of the port by enemy heavy mortar fire, most landing forces became light infantry which did not enjoy superior technical advantage over the enemy. This problem was further compounded by the incorrect use of the paratroopers by ordering them to attack the strongly fortified enemy positions at Eight Feet Gate Pier, resulting in more than 500 paratroopers killed, a staggering 25% of the total paratroop force devoted to the campaign. In addition to the loss of technical superiority due to the lack of heavy weaponry, the Nationalists also lacked the numerical superiority, which inevitably caused the final collapse of the offensive and the eventual failure.
In addition to underestimating the enemy strength, the nationalists also underestimated the Communist capacity to repair damages inflicted by the opposing side. The nationalist intelligence calculated that after the air strikes that destroyed the vital Nine Dragons Bridge (Jiulong Jiang Daqiao, 九龙江大桥), it would take at least two days for the enemy to repair the bridge, but in reality, the enemy had the bridge repaired in only two hours. As the news reached the surprised nationalists, it was obvious that the mission was over and in order to avoid complete disaster, the Nationalists wisely chose to give up the fighting by withdrawing the surviving forces and abandoned the island.
See also
List of Battles of Chinese Civil War
Project National Glory
National Revolutionary Army
History of the People's Liberation Army
Chinese Civil War
References
Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, (set)
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, (pbk.)
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Libration War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, (set)
Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001, (set)
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, (Volum 1), 7800219615 (Volum 2), 7800219631 (Volum 3), 7801370937 (Volum 4), and 7801370953 (Volum 5)
Category:Conflicts in 1953
Category:Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
Category:1953 in China
Category:History of Fujian | {
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Viera High School
Viera High School is a public high school located in Viera, Florida, United States. It is part of the Brevard County School District.
History
It was the fifteenth high school in the district and the first of the 21st Century Classroom schools in the county.
The school opened on August 9, 2006, with a student body of 961 and 64 faculty and staff. In 2010 the student body had grown to 2,100 students and over 150 faculty and staff. In the 2011-2012 school year, the student body had grown to at least 3,000 or more, and over 170 faculty and staff. About a third of the teachers have no dedicated classroom, and instead move from room to room throughout the day.
Campus
The school is located on a campus with a student capacity of 2,338. The estimated budget for the project is $46,000,000. H. J. High Construction Company was contracted to design and build the facility.
Academics
In 2011, students averaged a score of 71 on the advanced-placement examinations, among the highest in the region. The School also provides multiple academic programs:
Athletics
The school fields teams in 16 different sports including Football, Baseball, Cross Country, and Volleyball. Including two state championships for the girls' golf team in 2010 and 2014.
The girls won the schools 4A state championship in soccer in 2014-15.
In 2017, the football team competes in the 7A class.
Men's track and field won both districts and Cape Coast Conference in 2018.
Activities
The school offers students the following activities:
Notable alumni
David McKay, professional baseball player
TJ Nyman, professional skater
Katie Stengel, professional soccer player
References
External links
Category:High schools in Brevard County, Florida
Category:Educational institutions established in 2006
Category:Public high schools in Florida
Category:2006 establishments in Florida | {
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Zontana Stous Vrahous
"Zontana Stous Vrahous" is a live EP by Greek artist Eleftheria Arvanitaki that was released in 1995. It was recorded live at the Vrahon Theatre. It sold over 30,000 copies in Greece and became the first CD-Single there to be certified Platinum (Note: Up to 2008, EPs charted on the IFPI Greece Top 50 Singles).
Track listing
Instrumental – Oud Improvisation, Tamzara (Armenian), Traditional Thracian Dance
"Meno Ektos"
"Dinata"
Category:1995 EPs
Category:Eleftheria Arvanitaki EPs
Category:Greek-language albums | {
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Bakita Byaktigato
Bakita Byaktigato is a Bengali film. The film is directed by Pradipta Bhattacharyya and produced by Tripod Entertainment (IN). It won the 61st National Film Awards for Best Feature Film in Bengali.
Plot
The film has been made in a documentary style. This film is about a man's search for a partner. Pramit, an independent filmmaker who is yet to experience the spell of love in his otherwise not-so exciting life, starts shooting a documentary film on love.
His exploration leads him to the baffling knowledge of an unforetold mysterious village, existent on what is believed to be the threshold of reality and fantasy. If anyone ever reaches there, stumbling upon a series of coincidences, cannot steer clear of the cupid’s arrow, and readily falls in love.
Pramit, along with his cameraman starts looking for the village and subsequently passes through a succession of events which can be termed nothing but magical!
Love, with all its colours – sublime as well as physical - doesn’t fail to come his way too, or, does it really? (Synopsis Written by Sougata Purakayastha)
A standout Bengali indie feature
Author: Mahadyuti Adhikary
25 September 2013
Bakita Byaktigoto (Rest is Personal) is standout film because of its endearing and lucid simplicity. Most of the new-age Bengali films these days overuse and abuse the term surreal. However, Bakita Byaktigoto is rooted very much in the real, wrapped in a fairy tale bubble, with its fascinating docu-narrative blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality. Riwtik, the lead protagonist, on an incredible quest for a seemingly intangible pursuit of love, steers the story on his able shoulders with a remarkable sense of economy in effortless acting and infectious honesty. Amit Saha and Aparajita Ghosh Das also play out their roles with astounding competence. Sumptuous camera-work, bearing the director's stamp of innate effective minimalism, and the score by Anindya Sundar Chakraborty, transiting from earthy notes to modern sound, are also worth mentioning. A laudable, stellar debut feature by Pradipta Bhattacharyya.
Sometimes it's the journey that teaches you a lot about your destination. This movie is all about a journey. A journey which will take you along and show you various aspects of love. The end of the movie will surely force you to have a deep thinking. Bakita Byaktigoto is rooted very much in the real, wrapped in a fairy tale bubble, with its fascinating docu-narrative blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.
Cast
Ritwick Chakraborty
Aparajita Ghosh Das
Madhabi Mukherjee
Debesh Raychowdhury
Supriyo Dutta
Churni Ganguly
Monu Mukhopadhyay
Sudipa Bose
Amit Saha
Arya Banerjee
Koushik Roy
Remake
Prasoon Sinha wants to remake the film in Hindi, where actor Ayushmann Khurrana will play the lead role.
Sequel
Producer Satrajit Sen said he has a plan for a sequel to this film, where he wants Prosenjit Chatterjee to play a gangster.
References
External links
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3119172/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOS-mAXkDm8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOS-mAXkDm8
https://web.archive.org/web/20140513122410/http://www.dff.nic.in/61st_NFA-_for_FeatureFilms.pdf (List of the entris for selection including 35 Bengali films in the 61st National Film Awards)
Category:2010s Bengali-language films
Category:Bengali-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:Best Bengali Feature Film National Film Award winners | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Kegelstatt Trio
The Kegelstatt Trio, K. 498, is a piano trio for clarinet, viola and piano in E-flat major by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
History
Mozart wrote the trio on 10 sheets (19 pages) in Vienna and dated the manuscript on 5 August 1786. According to Karoline Pichler, a 17-year-old student of Mozart at this time, the work was dedicated to Franziska von Jacquin (1769–1850), another student of his. Mozart and the von Jacquin family—father Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin and his youngest son, Gottfried Jacquin—were quite close friends. They performed house concerts together where Nikolaus played the flute and Franziska the piano. In a letter to Gottfried from 15 January 1787, Mozart praises Franziska's studiousness and diligence. Mozart dedicated a number of works to the von Jacquin family, including this trio. One year later, Mozart wrote two Lieder, "" (K. 520) and "" (K. 530) for the explicit purpose of Gottfried von Jacquin using them under his own name.
The German word means "a place where skittles are played", akin to a duckpin bowling alley. Mozart wrote that he composed the 12 Duos for Two (French) Horns (not basset horns as is commonly thought), K. 487, "while playing skittles;" on the first page of the autograph manuscript of K. 487, Mozart inscribed the following: "" (Vienna, 27 July 1786 while playing skittles). A week and a half later, Mozart composed and dated the trio E K. 498. He entered this work into his list of compositions simply as: "" (A trio for piano, clarinet and viola). There is no evidence that Mozart gave any nickname to the K. 498 trio; the moniker Kegelstatt first appears ascribed to the K. 498 trio in Ludwig von Köchel's 1862 thematic catalogue of Mozart's music.
This clarinet-viola-piano trio was first played in the von Jacquin's house; Anton Stadler played clarinet, Mozart the viola, and Franziska von Jacquin the piano. The clarinet was still a relatively new instrument in Mozart's time, and this trio, along with his Clarinet Quintet and Clarinet Concerto (the latter two for basset clarinets in A), helped increase the instrument's popularity.
The trio was published in 1788 by Artaria, transcribed—probably with Mozart's consent—for violin, viola and piano, and the original clarinet part was described as an "alternative part": . Due to this unusual scoring, the piece is sometimes adapted to fit other types of trios; e.g. a clarinet-violin-piano trio, a violin-cello-piano trio, a clarinet-cello-piano trio, or a violin-viola-piano trio, as in that first publication by Artaria.
No composer before Mozart had written for this combination of instruments. In the 19th century Robert Schumann wrote Märchenerzählungen (Op. 132), Max Bruch in 1910 "Eight pieces for clarinet, viola, and piano" (Op. 83) and Carl Reinecke "Trio for piano, clarinet and viola" (Op. 246).
In March 1894 the manuscript came into the possession of the musicologist and composer Charles Théodore Malherbe when he bought it from Leo Sachs, a banker in Paris, who had bought it from Johann Anton André who bought it as part of a large purchase of manuscripts from Mozart's widow Constanze (the ) in 1841. In 1912 it was donated to the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département de la Musique, Malherbe collection, Ms 222.
Analysis
The manuscript notes the clarinet part as "Clarinetto in B" and uses the written pitch. The viola part uses the C-clef in the alto position. The labelling of the piano part shows a correction by Mozart where he started to write "Ce" (for "cembalo", the Italian word for the harpsichord) and then replaced it with "Piano forte". However, this part is labelled "Cembalo" for the second and third movements. The key signature of E major in Mozart's late chamber music indicates close friendship.
The trio consists of three movements:
The first movement is not the more traditional Allegro as an opening movement, but a more contemplative Andante. Following on from this, the second movement is of course not the traditional slow movement, but a moderate Menuetto, and the last movement, while lively, is not the standard Allegro. In short, the contrasts in this trio are not as stark as in most classical sonatas.
I. Andante
The Andante is written in the time signature of time and consists of 129 bars; a typical performance would last just over six minutes. It repeats neither its exposition nor the remainder of the movement, which is unusual for Mozart's mature chamber music. A particularly recognizable feature of this movement's principal theme is the gruppetto (turn) which appears throughout.
II. Menuetto
The second movement is written in time and consists of 158 bars, almost all of which are repeated; a typical performance would last about six minutes. The key signature of this movement is B major, the dominant key to E from the first movement.
The opening menuetto of this movement consists of the exposition of a four-bar theme (bars 1–12, repeated), and its development (bars 13–41, also repeated). The piano's pounding bass line and sharp dynamic contrasts set the mood of this theme apart from any conventional light and frilly notions of a Minuet. During the development, the dialogue between the instruments becomes intensified, and Mozart shows his grasp of counterpoint without ever sounding academic or "learned".
The following trio opens with a chromatic four-note phrase, to which the viola responds with a run of lively triplets, accompanied by chromatic chords from the piano (bars 42–62, repeated). In the development of that theme, the four-note phrase and the lively triplets are then taken up by the piano, and clarinet and viola present some chromatically rising lines, before all three instruments start a concerto-like conversation where the 4-note phrase is only heard twice in the piano left hand (bars 63–94, repeated).
The final part of the trio starts with a variation of the trio's four-note phrase, which is briefly developed (bars 95–102) before returning to the brighter theme of the Menuetto whose treatment ends the movement without repeats.
III. Rondeaux: Allegretto
The last movement is written in the time signature of cut common time (or alla breve, similar to ) and consists of 222 bars; a typical performance would last eight and one-half minutes. The key signature, as is conventional, is the same as the opening movement, E major. The musical format of this movement is a seven-part rondo, a rarity in Mozart's work; this seven-part structure also explains the title Rondeaux, the French plural form of Rondeau.
The structure is AB–AC–AD–A. Theme A is an eight-bar cantabile melody in two parts, drawn from the first movement and presented first by the clarinet, then taken up as a variation by the piano (bars 1–16). The melody of theme B – in B major – is played once by the clarinet (bars 17–24) before the piano plays an intermezzo of several bars. From bar 36 onwards, all three instruments play short phrases of that theme in turn, followed by a piano solo until bar 50. Theme C – in C minor – is presented by the viola and repeated (bars 67–76); all three instruments develop that theme in bars 77–90 (repeated). This development visits the subdominant minor scale (vi) of F minor before ending in the relative key of C minor. Theme D – in A major – is introduced in bar 116 by all three instruments almost in unison, and elaborately developed in bars 132–153 (repeated). In contrast to the previous development, this goes through the subdominant major scale (VI) of A major. The movement ends with a flowery, operatic coda (bars 185–222).
References
External links
Autograph of the Andante at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica)
Recording from mozart-archiv.de: Andante (4.4 MB), Menuetto (4.1 MB), Rondeaux (5.9 MB)
An analysis of this trio by Edward Klorman: annotated score and accompanying video
Category:Chamber music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Category:1786 compositions
Mozart
Category:Compositions for clarinet
Category:Compositions for viola
Category:Compositions in E-flat major | {
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Attur, Udupi
Attur is a small village in Karkal taluk, Udupi District, Karnataka state, India. It comes under Nitte panchayat and is a part of Mysore Division. It is located south of the district headquarters at Udupi, from Karkal and from the state capital of Bangalore.
Hejamadi (13km) , Palimaru (13km) and Padubidri (16km) are the nearby villages to Attur. It is surrounded by Karkal and Udupi taluks to the north and Bantval taluk to the east.
Mangalore, Mudbidri, Karkala, Udupi are the nearby cities.
It is near to the Arabian Sea, which means that the weather is quite hot and humid.
See also
Udupi District
Districts of Karnataka
References
External links
http://www.udupi.nic.in/
Category:Villages in Udupi district | {
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Brian O'Byrne
Brian O'Byrne may refer to:
Bryan O'Byrne (1931–2009), American character actor
Brían F. O'Byrne (born 1967), Irish-born actor based in the United States
See also
Brian Beirne (born 1946), American radio DJ
Brian Byrne (disambiguation)
Brian Burns (disambiguation) | {
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The Howling II (novel)
The Howling II is a 1979 horror novel by Gary Brandner. It is the first sequel to his 1977 werewolf novel, The Howling. The novel was later republished under the alternative titles The Howling II: The Return and Return of the Howling.
Despite the ongoing movie series that began in the 1980s, The Howling II was not adapted as a movie and bears no similarities to the sequel Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf (1985) or any of the other Howling movies. The sequel The Howling: Reborn (2011) credits the book as the source of its story but bears no resemblance to it other than it being a story about werewolves.
Plot summary
Three years after the events of The Howling, Karyn Beatty has now remarried and lives in Seattle. Although content with her new life with her husband, David Richter, and her young stepson Joey, she is still haunted by the memories of her terrifying ordeal in the California mountain village of Drago with its werewolf inhabitants. Karyn regularly sees a therapist to help work through her problems, but after a spate of sinister occurrences that culminate in the horrific killing of the family's housekeeper, Karyn is convinced that the surviving werewolves of Drago have tracked her down. Fearing for the lives of her new family, Karyn leaves town hoping she will lead the evil creatures away from her loved ones.
Karyn's fears prove well founded as she had indeed been tracked down by none other than her ex-husband Roy (now a werewolf) and Marcia Lura, the evil Drago werewolf who first bit him. Both Roy and Marcia survived the fire in Drago, but Marcia is now partially scarred and incapacitated due to being shot in the head with a silver bullet by Karyn at the end of the first novel. Though the bullet did not kill her as expected, it left a streak of silver through her black hair and rendered her unable to fully transform into a werewolf as before. Now, when the moon is full, she becomes a grotesque half-woman/half-wolf creature and wants revenge for what Karyn did to her.
In Mexico, Karyn tracks down Chris Halloran, the family friend who helped her during her first ordeal in Drago. She tells him that the werewolves of Drago have come for her and she needs his help once more. However, Chris's new girlfriend, Audrey, is jealous of his prior relationship with Karyn and does everything she can to undermine their friendship. When Roy and Marcia finally track Karyn down to Mexico, they set a trap for her at a Gypsy wagon with Audrey's unwitting help, and close in for the kill. Again, Chris comes to Karyn's rescue and fights with Roy (who takes the form of a wolf). Chris eventually manages to kill Roy with a silver knife, but in the nearby Gypsy wagon, Marcia is holding Karyn hostage and is about to torture her using a set of red hot pliers to pull the flesh off of her body a pinch at a time. However, as the full moon rises, Marcia abruptly begins her agonizing change into the half-human/half-wolf creature. She drops the pliers, which then cause a fire to break out in the wagon, allowing Karyn to escape. Outside, Karyn is reunited with Chris while Marcia (or the creature she has become) burns to death as the wagon goes up in flames.
Category:Werewolf novels
Category:American horror novels
Category:1979 American novels
Category:Howling novels
Category:Sequel novels | {
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Yamuna Eri
Yamuna Eri (; lit. Yamuna lake) is an ancient pond situated in Nallur, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. In 1948, it was listed as one of the protected archaeological monuments in the Jaffna District by the Sri Lankan government.
One of the ruins of the Jaffna kingdom, Yamuna Eri is located near the Mantri Manai palace and the Cankilian Thoppu arch. According to the chronological historical book Yalpana Vaipava Malai, it was built during the reign of Jaffna Kingdom King Cinkai Ariyan Cekaracacekaran I (1215–1240). The text describes the King bringing sacred water from India's Yamuna River and mixing it with the water in the pond.
Original text:
Translation: ...he afterwards built the city of Nallur with all its ramparts, gates, mansions, palaces, towers, flower-gardens, baths, stables for elephants and horses, halls of justice, pleasure-houses, dwellings for Brahmans and warriors.... He dug a three-sided well with whose water, he mixed water brought from the sacred river Yamunai.
The Yalpana Vaipava Malai is contradicted by another source, however, which suggests that the pond was built by a later king, Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519). In either case, the pond derives its name from the Indian river from which sacred waters were brought. The pond is built as a "three-sided well", in the shape of the Tamil letter, "ப", and was made in brick with stone steps that were built to reach both the inside and the outside, allowing for convenient bathing. There is a decorative flower garden located in the centre. Local legends have it that Yamuna Eri was used by the Queen of Jaffna Kingdom, and was linked to Mantri Manai ("the minister's palace") by an underground tunnel. A similar legend has Tamil Kings and royal families using the pond. Yet another legend has the pond being used for offering ritual baths to the idol of Kartikeya, the primary deity of the Nallur Kandaswamy temple. Conquerors of the Jaffna Kingdom are also believed to have used the pond for bathing.
Panorama view
See also
Jaffna Palace ruins
References
Archaeological
Category:Buildings and structures in Jaffna
Category:Jaffna kingdom
Category:Archaeological protected monuments in Jaffna District | {
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James Long (British Army officer)
Colonel James Long was a British Army officer during the 18th century.
Military career
Long began his military career as an officer in the 1st Foot Guards. In 1741 he was given a royal warrant to raise a new infantry regiment from "any county or part of Great Britain". The new regiment, named "Long's Regiment" for its Colonel (the common practice for the period) was ranked as the 55th regiment of the line. The regiment later became the 44th Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service under his command at the Battle of Prestonpans during the Jacobite rising of 1745. Long was appointed to command the 4th Marines in 1748.
References
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Grenadier Guards officers
Category:44th Regiment of Foot officers
Category:18th-century British Army personnel | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Juan Gasparini
Juan Gasparini (born 1949 in Azul, Buenos Aires) is an Argentinian investigative journalist and author.
He has a press cards in the Association of Correspondents of the United Nations.
Articles and reports (1993-2009)
He writes for the following newspaper:
Contrapunto, en El Salvador;
El Periódico de Catalunya, Barcelona;
Tiempo, Madrid;
Tribune de Genève, Genève;
Clarín, Argentine;
Proceso, Méxique;
Perfil, Buenos Aires;
La Nación, Chile;
El Tiempo, Colombia;
CNN in Spanish, United States;
AFP, Geneva;
Revista Veintitrés, Buenos Aires;
Le Courrier, Geneva;
Radio France Internationale, Paris;
Infosud and Le Temps, Switzerland
Accreditation as a journalist 1993-2009
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAE)
Registration in the Register of professional journalist in Switzerland (RP) 1989-2009
Impressum, a former Swiss Federation of Journalist (FSJ)
Press Cards 1996-2009
Association of Correspondents of the United Nations (ACANU)
Foreign Press Association in Switzerland and Liechtenstein (APES)
Member of the drafting Pool of the website www.humanrights-Geneva (2006-January 2009).
Updates on the Council of Human Rights, United Nations, in English and French
Member of the non-governmental organization New Human Rights (NDH) (2003–2009).
Accredited to the United Nations since 1995.
Newspapers, magazines, news agencies, radio and television
Journalistic Books: Investigations and trials (1986-2009)
In Argentina
La Pista Suiza (1986) Buenos Aires, Lectorum Pubns Inc.
Montoneros: Final De Cuentas, Buenos Aires, Puntosur Editores, (1988).
El crimen de Graiver (1990, Europa: Zeta reedited as David Graiver – El banquero de los Montoneros), 2007, Norma
La Injusticia Federal: El Ocultamiento de los Jueces y la historia negra de la SIDE en los sobornos del Senado (2005) Buenos Aires: Edhasa
La Fuga del Brujo: Historia criminal de José López Rega (2005) Buenos Aires: Norma
Manuscrito de un desaparecido en la ESMA. El libro de Jorge Caffatti (2006) Buenos Aires: Norma
El pacto Menem+Kirchner (2009) Buenos Aires: Sudamericana
In Spain
Después de la tormenta, las claves de la posguerra (1991, collective work after the first Gulf War);
Roldán-Paesa, la conexión suiza (1997, corruption in Spain and Switzerland); after word to the Spanish edition on Nazi Gold (1997) (L’or nazi), a book by Jean Ziegler, contribution on networks of laundering dirty money of the Nazi dictatorship in Spain, Portugal and Argentina; España: Akal
Borges: la posesión póstuma (2000, the last days of Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges in Geneva, translated into French by Éditions Timéli of Geneva in 2006); España: Softcover, Foca Ediciones y Distribuciones
Mujeres de dictadores (2002, portraits of women of Augusto Pinochet, Fidel Castro, Alberto Fujimori, Ferdinand Marcos, Jorge Videla and Slobodan Milosevic), the latter two also being distributed in Latin America. México: Océano
Co-author
with Norberto Bermúdez
El testigo secreto (Argentina-Spain, 1999, on the Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón) and, España: Javier Vergara Editor
La prueba (2001, corruption in Argentina); España: Javier Vergara Editor
La delgada línea blanca (2000) with Rodrigo de Castro. Europa: Ediciones B, Grupo Zeta
Literary Awards
Rodolfo Walsh price for literature non-fiction (2001)
In the international contest Semana Negra of Gijón, Spain, with Rodrigo de Castro, for the book La delgada línea blanca, investigation into Pinochet’s dictatorship in Chile and links with Argentina
Price Nicolas Bouvier Media (2007)
In the contest’s 10th anniversary of the Swiss Club de la Presse in Geneva with Carole Vann. For investigative journalism on confidential reports to the United Nations of violations of human rights in Iran and Uzbekistan, French and English, in the website Tribune of Human Rights in the newspapers Le Temps and Le Courrier.
Training
Degree of Doctor of Economics and Social Sciences, mention sociology 16.4.1989. Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Geneva
Diploma of Graduate Research Development 15.5.1986. Graduate Institute of Development Studies (IUED), University of Geneva
Diploma of Journalism 10.8. 1984. Faculty of Law and Economics and Social Sciences, University of Fribourg
Diploma 17.9.1982. Graduate Institute of Development Studies (IUED), University of Geneva
Certificate 1.10.1981. Graduate Institute of Development Studies (IUED), University of Geneva
Bachelor 1966-1968. Escuela Nacional B. Juárez, Juárez, Argentina
Accountant 1962-1966. Colegio Nacional E. Echeverría, Azul, Argentina
Experience
Assistant sociology 1982-1988.
As Volunteer, alternate part-time and then full charge, University of Geneva.
Press journalist at the UN in Geneva since 1987 for the following newspapers in Latin America and Switzerland; Página/12, Buenos Aires; Brecha, Montevideo: Qué hacer, Lima; El Porteño, Argentina; V. O. Réalités, Geneva; El Periódico de Catalunya, Spain; La Nación, Chile, Proceso, Mexico.
References
See also
Paulina Veloso
United Nations Human Rights Council
Category:Argentine journalists
Category:Argentine male writers
Category:People from Buenos Aires
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni | {
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Soveja
Soveja is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Dragosloveni and Rucăreni; the former is the commune centre.
Notable people
Simion Mehedinți (1868-1962), geographer
References
Category:Communes in Vrancea County
Category:Localities in Western Moldavia
Category:Spa towns in Romania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tube Products of India
Tube Products of India (TPI) a Unit of Tube Investments of India Ltd. is a steel tubes manufacturer based in India.
History
Tube Investments of India is a flagship company of Murugappa Group. Tube Products of India was established in collaboration with Tube Products (Old Bury) Limited, UK to produce Electric resistance welding (ERW) and Cold Drawn Welded (CDW) tubes also called as Drawn Over Mandrel tubes.
The International Business Division (IBD) gearing TPI to compete with global tube manufacturers. The most recent addition to TPI is the Tubular Components Division (TCD), which manufactures high strength tubular auto components, providing the advantage of weight reduction, higher component efficiency and cost reduction.
TPI produces CRCA strips including special extra deep drawing, high tensile, medium carbon, high carbon finding application in industries such as Bearings, Automobile, Auto Ancillaries, white goods, fine blanking and General Engineering.
Images
See also
Murugappa Group
TI Cycles of India
Tube Investments of India Ltd
References
External links
Category:Steel companies of India
Category:Companies based in Chennai
Category:Companies based in Tamil Nadu
Category:Indian companies established in 1955
Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1955 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ugo Panizza
Ugo Panizza is an Italian economist. He is a professor of International Economics and Pictet Chair in Finance and Development at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he is also the deputy director of the Centre for Finance and Development, the director of the International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies, and the editor in Chief of International Development Policy. He is also a vice-president of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR).
Diplomas
Panizza holds a PhD in economics from the Johns Hopkins University and a Laurea (BA) from the University of Turin.
Contributions
Panizza is known for co-establishing the concept of original sin in development economics, alongside economists Barry Eichengreen and Ricardo Hausmann. His work on the costs of sovereign default (joint with Eduardo Borensztein, Eduardo Levy Yeyati, Federico Sturzenegger, and Jeromin Zettelmeyer), on the links between finance and economic development (joint with Jean Louis Arcand and Enrico Berkes), and on the relationship between public debt and economic growth (joint with Andrea Presbitero) has been widely cited in the international press.
In 2012 Panizza coauthored (with Jean-Louis Arcand and Enrico Berkes) an IMF working paper titled Too Much Finance showing that the relationship between financial development and economic growth goes from being positive to negative when the financial sector becomes too large.
In 2016 he coauthored a paper with Barry Eichengreen titled "A Surplus of Ambitions". The paper concludes that Europe’s crisis countries are unlikely to be able to run primary budget surpluses as large and persistent as officially projected.
He has contributed to the debate on Quantitative Easing in Europe and on the monetary and fiscal stimulus in the Eurozone. In 2017 he coauthored with David Miles, Ricardo Reis, and Angel Ubide the 19th Geneva Report on the World Economy titled And Yet It Moves. The report asks why inflation has remained so stable in the aftermath of the Great Recession.
In 2017 he co-authored (with Jeromin Zettelmeyer and Eike Kreplin) a Peterson Institute working paper aimed at assessing debt sustainability in Greece and wrote a Project Syndicate piece with Ricardo Hausmann discussing the possibility of creating an odiousness rating system.
Career
He has taught at the University of Turin and at the American University of Beirut. He also worked at the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) where he was the head of the Debt and Finance Analysis Unit. Currently Panizza is professor of International Economics and Pictet Chair in Finance and Development at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he is also the director of the Centre for Finance and Development. Panizza is a CEPR Research Fellow, and a former editor of Economia (the Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, LACEA). He is a member of the editorial board of several other academic journals.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Italian economists
Category:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies faculty
Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nuestra Cocina
Nuestra Cocina (English: "Our Kitchen") is a Mexican restaurant in the Hosford-Abernethy neighborhood of southeast Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Benjamin Gonzales and Shannon Dooley-Gonzales are the restaurant's co-owners.
History
Nuestra Cocina opened in 2004.
In 2016, the restaurant starting operating a taco food cart in northwest Portland called Frogtown Tacos.
Reception
In 2013, the restaurant was included in Travel + Leisure list of "Best Mexican Restaurants in the U.S." Similarly, Nuestra Cocina ranked number 50 on The Daily Meal's 2014 list of "America's 50 Best Mexican Restaurants".
See also
List of Mexican restaurants
References
External links
Category:2004 establishments in Oregon
Category:Hosford-Abernethy, Portland, Oregon
Category:Mexican restaurants
Category:Restaurants established in 2004
Category:Restaurants in Portland, Oregon | {
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James Heappey
James Stephen Heappey (born 30 January 1981) is a British Conservative Party politician and former British Army officer. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wells in Somerset since 2015. He is currently the Minister for the Armed Forces.
Early life
Heappey was born on 30 January 1981 in Nailsea, Somerset. He was privately educated at Queen Elizabeth's Hospital in Bristol and graduated from the University of Birmingham having studied Political Science.
Military career
Following university, Heappey attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He then served as an officer in the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and then The Rifles, the county regiment for Somerset, in Kabul in 2005, Northern Ireland in 2006, Basra in 2007 and Sangin in Helmand Province in 2009. He also served in Kenya, and in 2011 he was posted to the Ministry of Defence in London, where he worked as executive officer on the General Staff and was promoted to Major in 2012. After leaving the British Army, he worked as a researcher for the Conservative MP for North Somerset Liam Fox.
Political career
Heappey was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wells in the 2015 general election, having been selected as the Conservative Prospective Parliamentary Candidate two years earlier. He used his maiden speech in the House of Commons to encourage the Government to continue addressing the problems that many rural communities face, including poor road connections, limited access to the rail network, weak phone signals and slow broadband speeds.
In October 2015, Heappey succeeded Nick de Bois as the Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group for the UK Events Industry. He also serves as Vice Chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Group for Rural Business, a group which seeks to secure policy outcomes that promote the sustainable growth of the rural economy.
From July 2015 to October 2016, Heappey served on the House of Commons' Energy and Climate Change Select Committee. He backed the Government's decision to give the go-ahead for the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, in particular citing the benefits for the local economy of Somerset. Heappey has also called for greater exploitation of the resources and expertise available in the marine energy sector. He expressed disappointment in January 2016 when, despite his lobbying efforts, the Conservative Government approved the construction of a 40-mile stretch of power lines to link the Hinkley Point C power-station and Avonmouth.
Heappey was re-elected at the 2017 general election and served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to former Secretary of State for Transport Chris Grayling. He chaired the Parliamentary Renewable and Sustainable Energy Group and is a Vice President of the Association for Decentralised Energy.
Heappey endorsed Boris Johnson to be leader of the Conservative Party during the 2019 leadership election, and served as his Parliamentary Private Secretary in a job share with Alex Burghart from August to December 2019.
In December 2019, Heappey left the Prime Minister's Office and became Minister for Defence Procurement, a junior ministerial appointment at the Ministry of Defence. In January 2020, Heappey awarded £184m to Ascent Flight Training, a consortium that the National Audit Office had criticised, in September 2019, for its poor performance and failure to meet "contractual obligations".
In February 2020, Heappey was appointed Minister for the Armed Forces in a cabinet reshuffle.
Expenses
In May 2016, it was reported that Heappey was one of a number of Conservative MPs being investigated by police in the United Kingdom general election, 2015 party spending investigation, for allegedly spending more than the legal limit on constituency election campaign expenses. In May 2017, the Crown Prosecution Service said that while there was evidence of inaccurate spending returns, it did not "meet the test" for further action.
Brexit
Although sceptical about some aspects of the European Union, he was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 EU membership referendum. He later voted in favour of the Government's timetable to trigger Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union before the end of March 2017. On 15 January 2019 he voted in favour of Theresa May's Brexit deal.
Scottish referendum incident
During the 2017 general election, he apologised for an incident when meeting the sixth form at Millfield School in Street, Somerset. Heappey asked pupils how they would vote in the proposed second Scottish independence referendum, and a Scottish girl said she would support independence. Some reports assert that Heappey then asked her "Why don’t you fuck off back to Scotland?", but The Guardian reports Heappey's claim that he told her to "fuck off", but did not say "back to Scotland". In his apology, Heappey said that the comment had been intended as a joke.
The Liberal Democrat candidate for Wells, Tessa Munt, condemned Heappey's use of what she called "bullying, racist and abusive language to dismiss a teenage schoolgirl engaging in political debate." In Scotland, Heappey's conduct was described as "appalling behaviour" by the Scottish National Party leader Nicola Sturgeon, and as "utterly inappropriate" by Ruth Davidson, leader of the Scottish Conservative Party. Sturgeon claimed that Heappey's conduct was part of a wider problem with Tories, noting that several Scottish Conservative councillors had been exposed as having expressed racist views on social media.
Personal life
Heappey lives in London and the Somerset town of Axbridge with his wife Kate and two children.
References
External links
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, Bristol
Category:People from Axbridge
Category:The Rifles officers
Category:UK MPs 2015–2017
Category:UK MPs 2017–2019
Category:UK MPs 2019–
Category:People from Nailsea
Category:Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment officers
Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst | {
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Hydra-class frigate
The Hydra class are a group of four frigates in service with the Hellenic Navy. They were designed in Germany and are part of the MEKO group of modular warships, in this case the MEKO 200 design. The programme was authorised in 1988 and partially paid for with FMS aid and previsioned for the commission of six vessels. The first ship was built in Germany and commissioned in 1992 but suffered a serious fire while working up near Portland, England. Repairs were completed in 1993. The Greek built warships were delayed due to financial problems on the part of the Hellenic Shipyards completing in the late 1990s which also led to limiting the total number of vessels to four mainly after the acquisition of eight frigates from the Netherlands in the late 1990s.
Upgrade programs
In 2007, an upgrade of the STIR fire control system to allow the firing of the RIM-162 ESSM surface-to-air missile was launched. was the first to be upgraded and, in August 2008, successfully completed a live firing test. The other three Hydra vessels were upgraded during 2008.
On April 25, 2018 the Greek defense minister Panos Kammenos announced that the modernization of the four vessels is in progress but without presenting any further details about the program. According to some reports the available funding is only 100 million Euro (the Navy had proposed a mid-life modernization program with a cost of 400 million).
In May 2019, the Joint Chiefs of General Staff Council (ΣΑΓΕ) decided the commencement of the modernization program for the four ships of the class. The available funds are 150 million € and the whole program will be implemented in the Salamis Naval Base. Due to the financial difficulties of Greece, the available funding is not enough for a full modernization program and it is going to cover only a very basic upgrade. The implementation of the so-called "Mid-Life Modernization program" will allow the upgrading of the electronic combat systems, sensors and radars, which are necessary to increase the combat power of ships. According to reports of Greek defense magazine "PTISI" the upgrade will include 12 basic subsystems of the ship including a new CMS, a new 3D radar, a new navigation radar, new intra-communication systems, new ESM, Link-16 tactical data link network and the installation of a new Laser warning system.
The program will start running from 2020 and it is expected to be completed in 2023/24.
Ships
See also
List of naval ship classes in service
- built for Portugal
- built for Australia and New Zealand
- Built for the Turkish Navy
- MEKO A-200 frigates built for the South African Navy
Gallery
References
Sources
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995
Hellenic Navy website
Category:Naval ships of Greece
Category:Frigate classes | {
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United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883
The United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883 was negotiated between representatives of the United Kingdom and Korea.
Background
In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital city. Treaty negotiations with several Western countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture.
In 1882, the Americans concluded a treaty and established diplomatic relations, which served as a template for subsequent negotiations with other Western powers.
Treaty provisions
The British and Koreans negotiated and approved a multi-article treaty with provisions similar to other Western nations.
Ministers from the United Kingdom to Korea were appointed in accordance with this treaty; and these diplomats were: Sir Harry Parkes, appointed in 1884; Sir John Walsham, appointed in 1885; Sir Nicholas O'Conor, in 1892; Sir Claude Maxwell, in 1896; John Jordan in 1898.
The treaty remained in effect even after the Japanese protectorate was established in 1905, and only came to and end in 1910 when Japan annexed Korea.
Under the treaty, Great Britain obtained extraterritorial rights in Korea and from 1883 to 1910, British subjects in Korea were not subject to the jurisdiction of Korean courts, but instead were tried or had civil cases brought against them in British consular courts or the British Supreme Court for China and Japan which was called the Supreme Court for China and Korea between 1900 and 1910.
See also
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to North Korea
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to South Korea
Unequal treaties
Notes
References
Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). The History of Korea. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ; ; OCLC 217866287
Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922). Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 12923609
Yŏng-ho Ch'oe; William Theodore De Bary; Martina Deuchler and Peter Hacksoo Lee. (2000). Sources of Korean Tradition: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press. ; ; OCLC 248562016
Category:Unequal treaties
Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Category:Treaties of the Joseon Dynasty
Category:Treaties of the Korean Empire
Category:1883 treaties
Category:1883 in Korea
Category:1883 in the United Kingdom
Category:Korea–United Kingdom relations
Category:Bilateral treaties of the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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List of fellows of the Royal Society A, B, C
About 8,000 fellows have been elected to the Royal Society of London since its inception in 1660. Below is an incomplete list of people who are or were Fellow or Foreign Member of the Royal Society. The date of election to the fellowship follows the name. Dates in brackets relate to an award or event associated with the person. The Society maintains complete online lists of current fellows and of past and current Fellows. This list is complete up to and including 2019.
List of fellows
A
B
C
Foreign members
A
B
C
References
External links
The Royal Society website
Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007 in pdf format
Fellows index
Archive of MacTutor History of Mathematics
A, B, C | {
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Ronald Roberts (swimmer)
Ronald Roberts (11 December 1922 – 19 June 2012) was a British swimmer. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.
He also represented England at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, Canada. He won the 1953 and 1955 ASA National Championship 110 yards freestyle titles and the 1953 ASA National Championship 220 yards freestyle title.
References
Category:1922 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:British male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Great Britain
Category:Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Lincolnshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nora Cano
Nora Cano (born Nora Anaís Cano Luna on in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actress and singer. She known for music reality show Codigo F.A.M.A. who finished in 10th position.
Biography
In 2004 she played Lechugona in Misión S.O.S produced by Rosy Ocampo.
As a singer she has participated in diverse musical projects, in the Codigo F.A.M.A. contest, recorded CD with their participation, later due to the success of the telenovela Alegrijes y rebujos they were recorded two disks called "Disco Alegrije" and "Disco Rebujo" besides making a promo of the discs "Navidad Rebujo" and "Navidad Alegrije" where they recorded 4 carols as well as concerts in the most important stages of Mexico Estadio Azteca, National Auditorium and the same Zócalo of the Capital before 140 thousand attendees, also participated in Teletón Mexico of 2003 and were the lucky ones to record the theme "Lo hacemos todos".
Filmography
Discography
Código Fama (2003)
Disco Alegrije (2003)
Disco Rebujo (2003)
Navidad Alegrije (2003)
Navidad Rebujo (2003)
Alegrijes y Rebujos en concierto DVD (2004)
References
External links
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Mexican telenovela actresses
Category:Mexican child actresses
Category:Mexican television actresses
Category:Mexican child singers
Category:Actresses from Mexico City
Category:Singers from Mexico City
Category:21st-century Mexican actresses
Category:People from Mexico City
Category:21st-century Mexican singers | {
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1894 Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council election
The 1894 Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council election was held in December 1894 and was the first election to the district council of Ystradyfodwg in the Rhondda Valley, Glamorgan, Wales. Three members were elected from each ward making a total of fifteen members on the authority. It was followed by the 1896 election.
Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council was renamed Rhondda Urban District Council in 1897.
Aggregate results
Ward No.1
Ward No.2
Ward No.3
Ward No.4
Ward No.5
References
1894
Category:1894 Welsh local elections
Category:December 1894 events | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Jungfernstieg
The Jungfernstieg () is an urban promenade in Hamburg, Germany. It is the city's foremost boulevard.
Location
Jungfernstieg mostly lies within the quarter of Neustadt; however at its easternmost it stretches as far as Hamburg-Altstadt. In total the Jungfernstieg stretches some 600 m along the southern and south-western shores of the Binnenalster lake and continues further to Gänsemarkt. On the lakeside it is framed by Ballindamm (and the nearby Europa Passage shopping centre) to the east and Neuer Jungfernstieg to the west. Towards the built-up area Jungfernstieg intersects with a number of streets - in the Altstadt with Bergstraße, Plan and Reesendamm; the latter carries on along the shore of Kleine Alster (Little Alster) towards Rathausmarkt. At Reesendammbrücke, Jungfernstieg crosses the Alster into Neustadt. It goes past Neuer Wall and Große Bleichen, two of Hamburg's leading shopping precincts. At the intersection with Neuer Jungfernstieg, Jungfernstieg forms a Y-junction with Colonnaden, another shopping street.
The entire circumference of the lakeside is occupied by a terrace. Two pavilions are located on the terrace: the Alsterpavillion (a café), and a smaller pavilion, which functions as the entrance to the rapid transit station. The lakeside is also a hub for Hamburg's Alster ferries.
History
The history of Jungfernstieg began in 1235. At that time, Count Adolph IV of Holstein commissioned the construction of a mill dam, in order to use the Alster's water for a local corn mill. The resulting mill pond turned out much larger than expected, as it reached dimensions of an outright lake. It caused a legal battle, as to who had to pay for the lost land, but it also gave land for a city expansion in the back of the dam: Hamburg's Neustadt (new town). The embankment along the newly created Lake Binnenalster was named Reesendamm, in honor of miller Heinrich Reese, who at the time operated the mill.
During the 17th and 18th century Reesendamm was enhanced and widened several times. In 1665 a line of linden trees were planted along the water front. With Hamburg's growing international sea trade and the city's status as a sovereign city-state, the elegant promenade obtained a cosmopolitan outlook and became popular for strolls along the lake front. Hanseaten accompanied their unmarried daughters out on a walk, looking for a suitable bridegroom, led to today's name of the promenade: Jungfern (i.e. maiden), Stieg (i.e. stair, walk). In 1799 the first Alsterpavillion (Alster Pavilion) was opened; it housed a café and a restaurant and − according to fashion − has been replaced six times until today. In 1838 Jungfernstieg became Germany's first street to be asphalted.
The Great Fire of 1842 destroyed the entire build-up. After the subsequent reconstruction, Jungfernstieg presented itself in a coherent Neoclassical form. The Arcades on Kleine Alster date from this period. In 1843, Sillem's Bazar opened on Jungfernstieg as Germany's first shopping arcade, connecting onto Poststraße. During the Gründerzeit boom in the later decades of the 19th century, many of the Neoclassical buildings were gradually replaced by various Revival style buildings. Sillem's Bazar was replaced by Renaissance Revival Hamburger Hof in 1881. Art Nouveau Heine-Haus was rebuilt in 1903. Scholviens-Passage was replaced by Alsterhaus department store in 1912.
In 1866, a horsecar line was introduced on Jungfernstieg, which by 1900 was replaced by an electric tram line. Jungfernstieg U-Bahn station was opened in 1931 and extended by an underground S-Bahn station in 1973. Gänsemarkt U-Bahn station opened in 1970. By 1978 the tram was discontinued, though the Senate has repeatedly considered to reintroduce it. During the early 2000s, Jungfernstieg was substantially refurbished.
Today
The newly refurbished lake-side's terrace forms a public waterfront-plaza with views onto lake and the lake's fountain. The terrace is used for events throughout the year.
Though not one of Hamburg's typical shopping streets, Jungfernstieg features direct access to some of Hamburg's largest shopping malls and accommodates a number of banks, art galleries and high-end shops. More importantly, its history, the scenic setting on the Binnenalster and its pivot role for the inner city's commercial life and street grid, attribute it with a strong "sense of place" for people to relax, watch and meet.
In the course of the European migrant crisis, on 31 December 2015, Jungfernstieg boulevard was one of the scenes of the numerous crimes in the city. During the summer of 2016, the promenade saw violent clashes and other crimes; migrants and refugees who gathered there in large groups were again among those involved. Several people were injured. Police eventually floodlighted the street on weekend nights to avoid further crimes, which decreased with the colder days in autumn.
See also
List of leading shopping streets and districts by city
Brühl's Terrace in Hamburg's sister-city Dresden
English Embankment in Hamburg's sister-city Saint Petersburg
References
External links
photos on bilderbuch-hamburg.de
Jungfernstieg interest group
Category:Streets in Hamburg
Category:Waterfronts
Category:Shopping districts and streets in Germany
Category:Tourist attractions in Hamburg | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Sjur Loen
Sjur Loen (born 19 May 1958) is a Norwegian curler and world champion. He participated on the winning team in the demonstration event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
International championships
Loen is two times world champion, and has received four bronze medals at the world championships. He received a bronze medal as skip at the 1976 World Junior Curling Championships, and reached the bronze final in 1977 (losing to the United States), 1978 (losing to Scotland) and 1979 (losing to Canada).
Loen has obtained one victory at the European Curling Championships, two silver medals and three bronze medals.
References
External links
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Norwegian male curlers
Category:Olympic curlers of Norway
Category:Curlers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Category:World curling champions
Category:European curling champions | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Antioxidative stress
Antioxidative stress is an overabundance of bioavailable antioxidant compounds that interfere with the immune system's ability to neutralize pathogenic threats. The fundamental opposite is oxidative stress, which can lead to such disease states as coronary heart disease or cancer.
Antioxidant compounds reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which reduces emitted free-radicals. When ROS function is impaired, there is more susceptibility to atopic disorders or diseases due to impairment of the attack-kill-present-respond behavior of the Th-1 immune response chain. Over-consumption of antioxidants could thus lead to antioxidative stress, where antioxidants might weaken or block the adaptive stress responses and cause dangerous health conditions and cause harm.
Health effects
The concept of antioxidative stress may best be described by excessive or detrimental nutritional consumption of a diet rich in antioxidants, unbalancing the immune systems' pathogenic response processes. Serious health conditions can result if these processes are chronically unbalanced, ranging from acute to chronic. Immunological stress by over-supplementation of antioxidants facilitates adverse health effects specifically including allergies, asthma, and physiological alterations (especially of the skin).
Many foods contain antioxidant content, while numerous dietary supplements are exceptionally rich in antioxidants. Products marketed with health benefits routinely tout antioxidant content as a beneficial product aspect without consideration of overall dietary oxidative balances. This is generally due to the biological effects of antioxidants being misunderstood in popular culture, focusing only on their beneficial qualities to reduce ROS to prevent excessive free-radicals which may otherwise lead to well-known disease conditions.
Correlation with medical conditions
Many antioxidative compounds are also antinutrients, such as phenolic compounds, found in plant foods belonging to the families of phenolic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and tocopherols, among others. Phenolic compounds found in foods generally contribute to their astringency and may also reduce the availability of certain minerals such as zinc. Zinc deficiency is characterized by growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. In more severe cases, zinc deficiency causes hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye and skin lesions.
High-dose supplements of antioxidants may be linked to health risks in some cases, including higher mortality rates. For example, high doses of beta-carotene and vitamin E was found to increase the risk of lung cancer and overall mortality in smokers. High doses of vitamin E may increase risks of prostate cancer and one type of stroke. Antioxidant supplements may also interact with some medicines.
Role of free-radicals
The primary factor in antioxidants causing or promoting the aforementioned health issues, is the attenuation or inactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which immune system responders utilize to kill or destroy pathogens, mainly protozoa such as bacteria and fungi. ROS produce free-radicals as a by-product of the oxygen burst used to kill pathogens. Excess free-radicals that are not effectively scavenged and collected result in oxidative stress that can also be harmful.
Free-radicals are not the enemy that popular culture has made them out to be, as they aid in proper biochemical signaling that make them necessary in a healthy immune system. Several complex biological free-radical collection systems already exist for the purpose of scavenging, which normally, do not require augmentation by supplementation of antioxidants to function nominally. Disrupting these natural processes by use of antioxidants may have additional undesired results beyond stimulating disease conditions, such as, interference with anti-cancer drugs, so the intensification of the antioxidant protection is not always favorable for the host.
Role in disease
Antioxidants attenuate the Th-1 immune response, responsible for eliminating bacterial and fungal threats, while the Th-2 immune response compensates for a weak Th-1 response by increasing its own responders, which may be not only ineffective, but overall destructive to healthy surrounding tissues, thus harmful. The net result: over-supplementation of antioxidants are a direct, underlying cause of allergenic diseases and skin alterations, spurring signs (objective indications) and symptoms (subjective states) of localized and disseminated medical conditions.
Because of the low-level biochemical nature of these immunological systems and their processes, the consequences of antioxidative stress can result in overlying symptoms, leading or contributing to chronic, co-morbid, localized, and/or disseminated disease states, that are clinically challenging to successfully treat.
A diet rich in anti-oxidants could allow for skin alterations such as acute acne or chronic non-infectious lesions, especially when the Th-1 immune process is persistently compromised by an overload of dietary antioxidant sources, like daily ingesting of vitamin C supplements, for example. Allergenic reactions by invading atopic pathogens, well beyond the scope of microbiota, can become initial factors triggering chronic atopic disease.
When relating to atopic skin conditions caused by chronic antioxidative stress, symptoms similar to Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may appear, a disease where phagocytes have an impaired ability to destroy pathogens due to a genetic inability to effectively kill pathogens by ROS, versus supplementation induced inability caused by antioxidative stress.
Dietary balance
Nearly all living creatures consume antioxidants in some quantity. Inadequate consumption of dietary antioxidants can be detrimental. For example, a deficiency of vitamin C is a primary cause of scurvy. Vitamin C can be ingested by eating certain fruits. A dietary balance of oxidants and antioxidants are critical in maintaining optimal health.
There have been studies on antioxidant capacities of various supplements and compounds. However, there has not been a dietary system devised to quantify what levels of oxidants or antioxidants are "healthy". Unfortunately, in laboratory testing, there is no single gold standard assay to determine clinically-accepted antioxidant capacity due to numerous available assay methods, though there are several accepted popular assays that can be merged into a final result to produce a representative antioxidative value. Resulting values are subjective because assay methods comprising a final value can vary drastically between individual assay results.
Additionally, such a value does not highlight prevalence in types of antioxidants compounds over others (like lycopene versus ascorbic acid), meaning that while a resulting content value between two substances may be similar, though the potential overlying resulting effect can differ, making clinical assessments of resulting symptoms highly unreliable as to the underlying condition. However, a Norwegian scientific study created a table of 3139 products over a period of eight years, with normalized values based on a modified assay, giving a more comprehensive picture when comparing a variety of food antioxidant capacities.
While it is not known what constitutes healthy oxidative levels, it is known that regular exercise essentially tightens this balance, by both emitting more ROS, while reducing the capacity of leukocytes for oxidant release. Available antioxidant research has noted the significant challenge in determining what qualifies as oxidative and antioxidative stress, citing a wide range of variables to consider, such as a person's physiology, status, environment, and other factors.
Precipitating nutritional factors
Numerous nutritional substances, compounds, and foods have some degree of antioxidant capacity. High-capacity antioxidants include, but not limited to, vitamins C and E, resveratrol and flavonoids (e.g. wine), Sangre de grado (Croton lechleri) aka Dragons Blood, green and black teas, cloves, cinnamon, most commonly used spices and herbs, mints, several berry and nut species, coffee and chocolates.
Normal intake of antioxidants, traditionally considered staples of healthy food, may exert beneficial properties towards some disease states such as neurological disorders, inflammatory conditions, and depression. However, chronic unbalanced ingestion or high quantity supplementation could result in serious ailments due to the suppression of ROS. Allergies, asthma, bacterial and fungal infections of the skin (alterations) are known conditions that stem from antioxidant stress.
Components of antioxidants
There are many types of antioxidant compounds. Examples are, but not limited to, Carotenoids (Beta-carotene, Lycopene), Lutein, Manganese, Magnesium, Selenium, Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbates), and Vitamin E (α‐Tocopherol, tocotrienols), and many more. These compounds can be found as ingredients in various products, or as components of ingredients, or as broader categorical classifications of components. Determining the compound makeup of a product or ingredient allows for general identification of antioxidant compounds, and thus, the potential antioxidant content a product exhibits.
Research
Because overall research and reporting on antioxidative stress is sparse, a fundamental knowledge gap exists in this medically-significant field. Long-term effects of chronic antioxidant stress are not well-researched. Safe levels of antioxidant consumption have yet to be established in human diets. The lack of overall awareness of the subject has invoked comparatively few clinical or field studies, sparse data and statistics, and may suggest a valuable field of nutritional research has been categorically dismissed or overlooked.
Assays for oxidative stress and antioxidant reserves are offered by at least one diagnostic company. Diagnosing antioxidative stress is currently extremely rare due to factors such as widespread unfamiliarity, lacking proper understanding in the clinical environment, and trivial modern medical training on the subject. Speculatively, when considering the general abundance of oxidative stress-related conditions (e.g. cancer), a comparable statistical population of antioxidative stress-related conditions (e.g. allergies) is hypothetically viable, based upon available documented research regarding the known resulting pathology of antioxidative stress.
See also
Reductive stress
References
Category:Antioxidants | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Yakima Valley Transportation Company
The Yakima Valley Transportation Company (YVT Co.) was an interurban electric railroad headquartered in Yakima, Washington. It was operator of the city's streetcar system from 1907–1947, and it also provided the local bus service from the 1920s until 1957.
Early history
YVT Company began operations in 1907 as a streetcar line downtown, opened on December 25. Although some freight operation took place almost from the beginning, streetcar service was the company's primary activity for its first several years, and interurban service was extended to several new areas through new construction. A line west to Ahtanum and the area that would eventually be known as Wiley City was completed in 1910, as was the first part of a line to Henrybro. A line north to Selah and Speyers was completed in 1913. From 1909 onward, the company was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad (originally through the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company), and the freight division functioned as a feeder service to the UP main line. Freight service expanded in the 1910s, and by 1920 it had become a major function of the YVT. Interurban service was discontinued on May 15, 1935.
Local transit service
The Yakima Valley Transportation Company operated the local streetcar system from 1907 until 1947 and was the only entity ever to operate streetcars in Yakima (not counting the limited heritage streetcar service which began operation in the 1970s). The first streetcars purchased new came from the Danville Car Company (of Danville, Illinois), while later purchases were from the John G. Stephenson Company (Elizabeth, New Jersey) and the J. G. Brill Company (Philadelphia). YVT began experimenting with buses in the 1920s, and in 1926 the company sought permission from the city to replace all streetcar service with buses, but the request was denied. In later years, ridership on the streetcars declined, and automobiles proliferated, creating congestion in downtown.
Streetcar service operated for the last time on February 1, 1947. YVT continued operating the local bus service until 1957, under a 10-year franchise it had received from the city in 1947. The city itself took over the bus service in 1957.
Freight-only period
The YVT railroad, however, continued operating for many more years, as a freight-only operation feeding the Union Pacific main line. In the 1970s, the city reached agreement with YVT/UP to allow a then-proposed heritage streetcar operation to use the tracks and overhead trolley wires of the railroad. This began operation in 1974, with volunteers from a new non-profit organization named Yakima Valley Interurban Lines (replaced in 2001 by Yakima Valley Trolleys), and continues to the present day (), on a reduced scale.
Due to declining revenue, Union Pacific filed for abandonment of the YVT on April 26, 1984, and this was approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission on June 5, 1985. Operation ceased on November 18, 1985. However, at the request of city officials, Union Pacific donated the entire railroad to the City of Yakima, to allow continued operation of the heritage streetcar service by the Yakima Valley Trolleys, a 501(c)(3) volunteer-run non-profit organization. The donation included two of the railway's three locomotives, 1909 "Line car" A (for overhead line maintenance) and 1922 GE "steeple-cab" locomotive No. 298. The third YVT electric locomotive, 1923 boxcab-type No. 297, was donated by UP to the Orange Empire Railway Museum, and left Yakima for that museum (on a railroad flatcar) the day after the YVT closed. UP retained ownership of the stone carbarn, on Pine Street, but agreed to lease it to the city for only $100 per year. The YVT was one of the last freight railroads in North America to use trolley poles on its locomotives, never having changed to pantographs.
See also
Yakima Electric Railway Museum
Notes
The Iowa Traction Railroad, founded in 1896–1897 (under a different name) and still operating, is another North American electric freight railroad that did not abandon the use of trolley poles.
References
Hamilton, Charles (2004). Electric trolley system opens in Yakima on December 25, 1907. Seattle: HistoryLink.org. Retrieved on December 8, 2005.
TrainWeb.org (1999). Western Shortline Rosters: Yakima Valley Transportation Company - YVT. Retrieved on December 8, 2005.
Ross, Don (2003). Don's Rail Photos: Yakima Valley Transportation Co.''. Retrieved on December 8, 2005.
Historic American Engineering Record Library of Congress. Yakima Valley Transportation Company.
Category:Defunct Washington (state) railroads
Category:Electric railways in Washington (state)
Category:Interurban railways in Washington (state)
Category:Transportation in Yakima County, Washington
Category:Companies based in Yakima, Washington
Category:Rail infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Yakima County, Washington | {
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Kuikuro
The Kuikuro are an indigenous people from the Mato Grosso region of Brazil. Their language, Kuikuro, is a part of the Carib language family. The Kuikuro have many similarities with other Xingu tribes. They have a population of 592 in 2010, up from 450 in 2002.
The Kuikuro are likely the descendants of the people who built the settlements known to archaeologists as Kuhikugu, located at the headwaters of the Xingu River. The settlements were probably inhabited from around 1,500 years ago to about 400 years ago; after this point the population may have been reduced by diseases introduced by Europeans. Stories of Kuhikugu may have inspired the British explorer Percy Fawcett on his ill-fated expedition looking for the "Lost City of Z" in the 1920s.
Language
The Kuikuro language is a language of the Karib language family, one of four dialects from the southern Karib language, the other three being the Kalapalo, Nahukuá and Matipu languages. The Kuikuro language is still used in all aspects of life of the Kuikuros, except with communicating with other tribes. Intermarriage and Increased access to television and trading with the outside world has increased the need for the use of Portuguese. Tribal leaders and men most often know Portuguese, and it is rarer for women to know it, but this has been changing in recent years.
An orthography has been developed for Kuikuro and other Upper Xingu languages for training native teachers and creating educational materials. These teachers have now written a large number of texts, some used in local schools. Linguist Bruna Franchetto collected audio recordings of stories told in Kuikuro with transcriptions, which are permanently archived at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.
History
According to archaeological research, the history of the ancestors of the Kuikuros began around a thousand years ago. According to studies done in the Xingu region, by AD 1400 indigenous villages had reached great proportions, with buildings, palisades, bridges, and entry gates, with bridges and roads having congruent angles to each other. It is estimated that nearly 10,000 Indians lived in the region at the time.
One of the first contact of the Kuikuros with Europeans was with the German Karl von den Steinen’s 1884 expedition. Steinen is known in Kuikuro narratives as Kalusi, "the first white man to come in peace." The Kuikuro’s oral history extends back to even before Steinen, to the first European man to visit the Xingu, though these people were not like Steinen and captured and killed Indians and were known as bandeirantes. During contact with the Europeans, many deadly diseases were distributed to the Indians and their numbers dropped dramatically. It is estimated that the population dropped from 3,000 Indians in 1900 to little over 700 Indians by the end of 1940.
Religion
The Kuikuro’s religion is a mixture of Shamanist and healing beliefs. Their beliefs are based on traditional narratives that tell how and why things exist. They Believe that Giti (Sun) and Alukuma (Moon) created the world, but they also believe in the ancestors of the sun and moon and how they were created. They also believe in Itseke, beings that live in the waters and in the forest that bring illness and death.
The Kuikuros follow Shamans, who serve as religious leaders and healers. The Shamans can also connect with the Itseke, while ordinary people can not. The shamans go through many rituals and initiations to become shamans, and must be in a state of seclusion during these initiations. They can then diagnose diseases and causes of natural disasters and theft in the village.
Notes
Category:Xingu peoples
Category:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
Category:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon | {
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Leonardo Marquicias
Leonardo Marquicias is a Filipino former basketball player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:Date of birth missing
Category:Possibly living people
Category:Olympic basketball players of the Philippines
Category:Basketball players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Category:Asian Games medalists in basketball
Category:Basketball players at the 1958 Asian Games
Category:Philippines men's national basketball team players
Category:Filipino men's basketball players
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for the Philippines
Category:Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Goli Khun
Goli Khun (, also Romanized as Golī Khūn; also known as Golī Khān, Kolī Khān, and Qolī Khān) is a village in Tombi Golgir Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 8 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Masjed Soleyman County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dan Patch Rising Star Award
The Dan Patch Rising Star Award is an annual award created in 1986 by members of the United States Harness Writers Association (USHWA). The award recognizes the exceptional early accomplishments of a young harness horse trainer and/or driver. The Association's website states that their members' determination is aided by input from the American Harness Racing Secretaries plus logistic expertise provided by the United States Trotting Association.
The Dan Patch Rising Star Award is one of several categories in the Dan Patch Award program named for the legendary pacer Dan Patch (1896-1916).
Past winners:
2016 : Marcus Miller
2015 : Montrell Teague
2014 : Nancy Johansson
2013 : Corey Callahan
2012 : Scott Zeron
2011 : Dan Noble
2010 : Matt Kakaley
2009 : Jordan Stratton
2008 : Jason Bartlett
2007 : Tim Tetrick
2006 : Jody Jamieson
2005 : Mark MacDonald
2004 : Pat Lachance
2003 : Yannick Gingras
2002 : Jeff Gregory
2001 : Brett Miller
2000 : Stéphane Bouchard
1999 : Eric Ledford
1998 : Robert Stewart
1997 : Daniel Dubé
1996 : George Brennan
1995 : Liz Quesnel
1994 : Jack Baggit, Jr.
1993 : David Miller
1992 : Luc Ouellette
1991 : Brian Sears
1990 : Jerry Riordan
1989 : Kenneth Seeber
1988 : Brian Allen
1987 : Joseph Essig, Jr.
1986 : Richard Silverman
References
Category:American horse racing awards
Category:Harness racing in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Truth (British band)
The Truth is a British rock band, active from 1982 to 1989. They reformed in 2012 for occasional live performances.
Biography
The group was formed by Dennis Greaves, formerly of Nine Below Zero, and Mick Lister in early 1982. They went through several line-up changes, but Greaves and Lister remained members throughout the group's run. They released several singles before their first album, Playground, was issued in 1985. The 1987 release Weapons of Love marked a stylistic change, and was their most commercially successful release in the United States. The title track was a hit single in the U.S., reaching #7 on the rock charts and #65 on the Billboard Hot 100. Several songs from the album were also used in the 1987 cult sci-fi film The Hidden. After 1989's Jump, they disbanded.
In 2012, Greaves reformed The Truth and played at London's Borderline on 26 October 2012. More shows were planned for 2013. The line-up is the original 1983 line-up of Dennis Greaves, Mick Lister, Chris Skornia and Brian Bethell, with Steve Phypers.
Members
Dennis Greaves - guitar, vocals
Mick Lister - guitar, vocals
Chris Skornia - keyboards, vocals
Russell McKenzie - bass
Brian Bethell - bass (later Blow Monkeys member)
Richard Parfitt - bass (later 60 Ft. Dolls and solo)
Gary Wallis - drums
Allan Fielder - drums
Dennis Smith - drums
Steve Phypers - drums
Discography
Albums
Playground (Infinity Records, 1985)
Weapons of Love (I.R.S. Records, 1987) - US #115
Jump (I.R.S., 1989)
EP
Five Live (I.R.S. Records, 1984) - UK #97
Singles
Compilation
A Step in the Right Direction - Singles ● Demos ● BBC Live ● 1983-1984 (Cherry Red Records, 3 × CD, 2016)
References
Category:English rock music groups
Category:English new wave musical groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1982
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1989
Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2012
Category:1982 establishments in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mubuku III Hydroelectric Power Station
Mubuku III Power Station is a mini-hydroelectric power station in Uganda.
Location
The power station is located across the Mubuku River, near the town of Mubuku, Kasese District, in Western Uganda. This location lies in the foothills of the Rwenzori Mountains, close to the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mubuku lies approximately , by road, north of Kasese, the location of the district headquarters, and the nearest large city.
Overview
The Mubuku III Power Station, is a run of the river mini-hydropower installation, with installed capacity of 10 MW. It became operational in 2008, having been built by Kasese Cobalt Company Limited, a company that extracts cobalt from the sludge left when copper is extracted out of copper ore. The excess power generated is sold to the national grid. Mubuku III Power Station is the third mini-hydropower station on River Mubuku. The other two are Mubuku I Power Station, owned and operated by Kilembe Mines Limited, with installed capacity of 5 MW and Mubuku II Power Station, also known as Bugoye Power Station, with capacity of 13 MW, owned by Tronder Power Limited, a Norwegian company.
See also
Uganda power stations
Africa power stations
Hydropower stations
References
External links
Estimated Location of Mubuku III Power Station At Google Maps
Kasese District Homepage
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2008
Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Uganda
Category:Kasese District
Category:Western Region, Uganda | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Obermayer
Obermayer may refer to:
People
Arthur S. Obermayer (died 2016), American businessman and philanthropist
Bastian Obermayer (born 1977), Pulitzer Prize-winning German investigative journalist
Erich Obermayer (born 1953), Austrian football player
Herman Obermayer (died 2016), American publisher and politician
Other
Obermayer German Jewish History Awards.
Obermaier
Obermeyer | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Deserticossus murinus
Deserticossus murinus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kazakhstan and Kirghizistan. The habitat consists of semi-deserts and mountains at altitudes between 450 and 1,800 meters.
The length of the forewings is 16–25 mm for males and 18–25 mm for females. The forewings are dark grey. The hindwings are dark grey, but lighter at the base. Adults are on wing from June to August.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
Category:Cossinae
Category:Moths described in 1912
Category:Moths of Asia | {
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Bunker Hill Military Academy
Bunker Hill Military Academy was a military school located in the town of Bunker Hill, Illinois.
History
The school opened in 1859 as the Bunker Hill Academy (and was at the time non-military) but closed during the American Civil War. From 1862 until 1869, the building housed Bunker Hill's public school. In 1883, the military academy was established in the ageing building by Congregational clergyman Reverend Samuel L. Stiver, offering strict instruction to local children as well as the cadets. Reverend Stiver remained head of BHMA for the next 27 years. Between 1883 and 1910, a total of 1,050 cadets were enrolled. During the Academy's years of operation, it received high praise from many people. Former students, parents, church ministers, editors, businessmen, and former officials of BHMA are among those from whom the Academy received such high acclaim.
With Stiver's death in November 1910, no successor was able to operate the Academy as well as Stiver had, causing it to close at the end of the 1914 school year. It was sold at auction to James Jencks. A large bell used by BHMA was installed in the belfry of the Berean Baptist Church two years later.
BHMA Regulations
A lengthy and stern code of regulations governed life at Bunker Hill Military Academy. Concerning the rules that cadets followed, Carolyn Scroggins, author of the essay "Bunker Hill Military Academy", wrote:
"The list of important regulations for the cadets to live by was long and very rigid. Some of these in summary were; games of chance or betting were not allowed; cadets were to remain within Academy limits unless granted permission to leave; forbidden to have firearms, except by consent of the Superintendent; all cadets were to abstain from all forms of immoral conduct; use of alcoholic drinks, tobacco and narcotics strictly forbidden, (There were no saloons in Bunker Hill); profane, obscene coarse or violent language forbidden; all cadets shall show courtesy and respect to all; promptly obey orders; no cadet shall strike disturb or annoy in his room and there were more. The last paragraph of the regulations reads; All innocent and invigorating amusements and sports are encouraged and provided for. All self-respecting boys are happy and at home at the Academy."
Tuition & Fees
The annual cost of board and tuition was $350 in 1908 and $450 in 1910. A sum of 25 cents per week was suggested by the Academy as spending money for cadets.
Uniforms
From "Bunker Hill Military Academy" by Carolyn Scroggins:
"Two military suits, of West Point Cut and a cap cost $30.00. Cadets were measured and suits were made by the school tailor. In addition, one suit for common wear, rubber shoes, umbrella, bed linens, blankets, toilet articles and underclothes were expected. Also, they were to furnish six napkins and a napkin ring."
Athletics
BHMA featured baseball, football, and track teams. BHMA sports teams are mentioned in Carolyn Scroggins' book as having frequently beaten Bunker Hill High School in games.
Passing of Reverend Stiver and the closing of BHMA
From "Bunker Hill Military Academy" by Carolyn Scroggins, concerning BHMA's ultimate fate:
"Superintendent Stiver died in November, 1910. Succeeding leaders were unsuccessful in the operation of the school and it was closed after the 1914 year. It was later sold at auction to James Jencks (father of Dorothy Jencks Stevenson). The large bell was purchased and installed in the belfry of the Berean Baptist Church in 1916. I’ve read that some of the bricks were used in the building now used by Farmers Supply. I don’t know if there are other items from the Academy still in existence. Some say that the concrete platform in the center of the park was part of the old Bunker Hill Military Academy building. Eventually, the Academy grounds were sold to the Ladies Civic League where they maintained a park until after the 1948 tornado. The American Legion then took it over and has continued to maintain a park on the grounds."
Notable visitors to BHMA
The Honorable Edward Wilson, Gazette-News Editor and graduate of Michigan University.
The Honorable A. S. Cuthbertson, States Attorney for Macoupin County.
References
Category:Defunct United States military academies
Category:Defunct schools in Illinois
Category:Military in Illinois
Category:Schools in Macoupin County, Illinois | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hypectopa ornithograpta
Hypectopa ornithograpta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Papua New Guinea.
References
Category:Gracillariinae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1940 Florida Gators football team
The 1940 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1940 college football season. The season was the first of four for Tom Lieb as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Lieb was the former coach of the Loyola Lions, and had previously served as Knute Rockne's primary assistant and on-the-field replacement while Rockne was in the hospital during most of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish's 1930 national championship season. The highlights of the Gators' 1940 season included victories over the Maryland Terrapins (19–0), the Georgia Bulldogs (18–13), the Miami Hurricanes (46–6) and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (16–7). Lieb's 1940 Florida Gators finished with a 5–5 overall record and a 2–3 record in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), placing eighth among thirteen SEC teams.
Schedule
Primary source: 2015 Florida Gators Football Media Guide.
References
Category:Florida Gators football seasons
Florida
Florida Gators football | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Goodwood Festival of Speed
The Goodwood Festival of Speed is an annual hill climb featuring historic motor racing vehicles held in the grounds of Goodwood House, West Sussex, England in late June or early July; the event is scheduled to avoid clashing with the Formula One season, enabling fans to see F1 machines as well as cars and motorbikes from motor racing history climb the hill.
In the early years of the Festival, tens of thousands attended over the weekend; as of 2014 it attracts crowds of around 100,000 on each of the three days it is now held. A record crowd of 158,000 attended in 2003, before an advance-ticket-only admission policy came into force; attendance was subsequently capped at 150,000.
History
Founding
The Goodwood Festival of Speed was founded in 1993 by Lord March in order to bring motor racing back to the Goodwood estate — a location steeped in British motor racing history. Shortly after taking over the estate in the early 1990s, Lord March (who later became Duke of Richmond) wanted to bring back motor racing to Goodwood Circuit, but did not have the necessary permit to host a race there. Therefore, he instead hosted it on his own grounds. With a small selection of entrants made up of invited historic vehicles, the first event that took place on Sunday 13 June proved to be a success, taking in a crowd of 25,000 despite a date clash with the 24 Hours of Le Mans that year. After the first event's date clash, Lord March would ensure that the event would never be allowed to clash with either Le Mans or Formula One races.
In 1994, Saturday was added, making it a weekend event. In 1996, Friday was added, making it a three-day event. In 2010, the Moving Motor Show was added on the Thursday.
Features and attractions
Hillclimb
The event is classified as a hill climb and visitors are accorded close access to that part of the track. The 1890 m track climbs 92.7 metres (has average gradient of 4.9%). Its record time was set in 2019 by Romain Dumas in an electric Volkswagen I.D. R at 39.9 seconds. The record time for a Formula 1 car is 41.6 s by Nick Heidfeld in 1999 in a McLaren MP4/13. For safety reasons Formula 1 cars can no longer do official timed runs so instead perform demonstrations.
In 2016 to commemorate 40 years since James Hunt won the F1 World Championship, McLaren commissioned Bruno Senna to speed a P1 GTR up the course.
Soapbox challenge
From 2000 to 2004 this was a downhill race for gravity-powered cars. Starting from just below the hill-climb finish line, to a finish line in front of the house.
It included entries from Cosworth, Prodrive, and other top companies. With some famous riders/drivers piloting them, including Barry Sheene. However, there were frequent accidents. Despite an official cap on the cost of cars, the unofficial costs were becoming too high, so it did not return in 2005. However, it did return in 2013. Companies such as Bentley and McLaren competed.
Forest Rally Stage
From 2005 to present there has been a demonstration area for the rally cars at the top of the hill.
Initially, in 2005, the track through the forest was widened, and the rally cars ran down through the forest, turned on the tarmac section just outside the wood, and returned up the same track. This meant that the cars could only run one-at-a-time.
In 2006, a full forest stage was introduced, designed by Hannu Mikkola this was a complete circuit, with a separate start and finish line at the top of the wood. This allowed the cars to start at timed intervals, allowing many more cars to run. Ever since its inception Southern Car Club have been entrusted with the organization of the rally stage, held under an MSA permit.
Supercar run
Since 2000, there has been a Michelin Supercar Run (Formally sponsored by Microsoft Windows and The Times), for road-going supercars. Since 2014 cars could opt to do a timed run. It is now common for specialty car manufacturers to show off their latest sports model, including newly released mass-produced sports models and working concept models.
Cartier Style et Luxe
Since 1995 this is an auto show which takes place to the west of the house. It is a similar format to the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. Entry is usually by invitation, and this provides some leeway as to which type of vehicle can enter, usually resulting in a more varied event than usual Concours d'Elegance. Unlike most concours shows, the Cartier Style et Luxe is judged by a panel of selected judges consisting of celebrities from all around the world to car designers.
Moving Motor Show
Since 2010, the Moving Motor Show, was added. Mainly in response to the cancellation of the British International Motor Show aimed exclusively for buyers of new cars, allowing them a chance to test the cars on the course. Following its success, it was announced the MMS would return in 2011.
The 2010 event also included the running of the new McLaren MP4-12C.
The official website lists the Festival of speed dates as the Friday to Sunday, but the weekend tickets for the Festival include a moving motor show ticket. So it's not strictly part of the Festival of Speed, but it is a part of the Festival of Speed weekend.
Other
Other popular attractions at the event are the real life replicas of the Wacky Races cars (Thursday is now known as Press preview day but still incorporates The Moving Motor Show), which serves to provide lunchtime entertainment for the crowds, and the airshows, which usually include the RAF Tornado and Red Arrows, and in 2004 and 2005 a low-flying Boeing 747; a low-flying Airbus A380 appeared at the 2008 event.
From the festival's beginning, poster art had been illustrated by renowned motor racing artist Peter Hearsey until his retirement in 2015. In 2016, the poster art was designed by Klaus Wagger, who rose to prominence as a racing artist when he won a competition to design the official poster for Mille Miglia in 2000.
In recent years, they have also put on the GAS Arena (Goodwood Action Sports) who showcase extreme stunts such as Freestyle Motorcross, BMX and Trial bike Riding
In 2018, for the first time at the Festival, a driverless Roborace racing car negotiated the course, and a virtual passenger seat experience was made available online. In 2019, the car made an official run in 66.96 seconds.
Other events
The Festival of Speed has a sister event, the Goodwood Revival Meeting. This event, normally held in early September, relives the glory days of motor racing at the Goodwood Motor Racing Circuit.
Incidents
There have been two fatal accidents at the event.
The first was during its inaugural meeting in 1993, when vintage racing motorcyclist Chas Guy was killed in practice following the completion of the course when his Vincent motorcycle developed a steering wobble known as a tank slapper, throwing the rider into a tree. Since then, motorcycles are not timed for their run.
In 2000, driver John Dawson-Damer lost control of his Lotus 63, and crashed into the finish line gantry, killing himself and marshal Andrew Carpenter. Another marshal, Steve Tarrant, survived but sustained serious injuries to the lower part of his right leg.
Central display
Aston Martin set up a central display for the first FOS in 1993. Since 1997, the display erected on the lawn in front of Goodwood House has been designed by the sculptor Gerry Judah. The displays honoured car marques until 2017, when for the first time it honoured a career, that of Bernie Ecclestone. This is a list of the temporary monuments:
Hillclimb Shootout Winners
The Hill Climb Shootout or The Sunday Shootout, is an event during the Goodwood Festival of Speed in which a selection of drivers with the fastest Hillclimb times of the weekend compete to get to the finish line the fastest.
Source:
Appearance in media
Goodwood Festival of Speed event is available in Gran Turismo 6. Sky Sports gives live coverage throughout the weekend and ITV show the highlights. it is also streamed on YouTube.
References
External links
Goodwood Festival Of Speed website
Category:Goodwood
Category:Motorsport venues in England
Category:Sport in West Sussex
Category:Recurring events established in 1993
Category:Historic motorsport events
Category:Hillclimbs
Category:Sports festivals in the United Kingdom
Category:1993 establishments in England | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Civet cat
Civet cat is an imprecise term that is used for a variety of cat-like creatures including:
Civets, of the families Viverridae and Nandiniidae
Ring-tailed cat or North American Civet Cat (Bassariscus astutus), related to the raccoons
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a true cat
African wildcat (Felis silvestris libyca), a true cat
Spotted skunks, skunks of the genus Spilogale
Category:Animal common name disambiguation pages | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tippecanoe Lake
Tippecanoe Lake is a large, glacially created lake in Leesburg, Kosciusko County, Indiana and, at 123 feet deep, is the deepest natural lake in the state.
Location
Tippecanoe Lake is about two miles west of the town of North Webster, Indiana, and Webster Lake with the small unincorporated area of Oswego (now located in Leesburg, Indiana) located near its west-northwestern shore.
Recreation
Tippecanoe Lake is used mostly for recreational purposes such as fishing, boating and skiing, and is surrounded mostly by residential housing. A prominent historical location is on the southwest shore of the lake: Tippy Dance Hall. Built in the late 1950s, the unique building (covered and open air) hosted many musical artists such as Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and the 1960s act The Byrds. From the mid 1980s through 2016, Tippy Dance Hall was a teen dance club with Saturday night dances from Memorial Day until just after Labor day. However it is now for sale, and the teen dance club is no longer operating.
Geographic place names
Bel Rohr Park is on Patona Bay on Tippecanoe's extreme northwest shore. Patona Bay Resort and Patona Bay Marina are found there.
Black's Landing is on Tippecanoe's northern shore across from Government Point.
Forest Glen is on Tippecanoe's central western shore and east of Stanton Lake.
Government Point is located on Tippecanoe's southern shore, just north of Pie-Eyed Petey's Marina and just east of Indian Hills Golf Course.
Kalorama Park is opposite Forest Glen on Tippecanoe's northern shore. This is also the home of Tippecanoe Lake Country Club.
Mineral Springs is on Tippecanoe's southeastern shore.
Stony Ridge is on Tippecanoe's northwestern shore and across Patona Bay from Bel Rohr Park.
Walker's Landing is on Tippecanoe's northern shore west of Black's Landing.
Establishments
Tippecanoe Lake Country Club
Tippecanoe Lake Country Club is a private club and one of the lake's largest attractions. It is north of Kalorama Park at 7245 N Kalorama Road and accessed from Indiana State Road 13 via Kosciusko County Roads E650N and E800N. TLCC, a private club, was opened on April 15, 1926, with the clubhouse opening on June 11 of that year. The club joined the Chicago District Golf Association in the 1950s. From 1959 through the early 1960s, the club also hosted LPGA tournaments. Professionals such as Kathy Cornelius of Phoenix, Arizona, and Mickey Wright of Port St. Lucie, Florida, played Tippecanoe. Aside from golf, T.L.C.C. also provides tennis, swimming and boating, and holds a fireworks display for the 4 July.
Marinas
Patona Bay Marina and Resort
Patona Bay Marina is located on the west shore of Lake Tippecanoe. The marina is a dealership complemented by a full-service parts and service department. Patona Bay sells Starcraft brand boats, and also sells all types of used boats, personal watercraft, boat engines, etc. The marina also offers boat and kayak rentals, daily or weekly. The marina offers boat storage for a fee, and installation and removal of both boats and boat lifts at the beginning and end of the boating season.
Patona Bay Resort has existed since the 1920s. Owned by the multi-generational Paton family, it has grown into several-hundred unit seasonal resort, which allows patrons to pay seasonal rent to reside at the Resort during the summer months (late April to early October). The park also offers limited weekend/weekly lot rentals for those that have mobile campers or RVs. There is also a small tent camping section available. Seasonal park residents own their homes but must rent the lots on a yearly basis. The resort offers seasonal pier space rentals as well, for a fee. As the real estate prices for individual homes on Lake Tippecanoe have reached nearly $450,000 for a small cottage (roughly 1,200 square feet), Patona Bay Resort is a relatively affordable way for families to enjoy the lake in the summer without the hassle of a year-round mortgage. The resort also includes a snack bar with a small arcade, a free library and reading area for children, and features a nostalgic lake theme. It is generally open from mid-May to just after Labor Day. Patona Bay also provides a private swimming beach with several areas for children to play, and other amenities such as a pet walk for dogs, as well as family events during the summer holiday weekends.
Pie-Eyed Petey's Restaurant and Bar
EDIT: Pie-Eyed Petey’s closed unexpectedly just before Memorial Day 2018, and remains closed to date. The marina and gas pumps are operating on a limited basis at this time. There is a rumor the property is for sale but this cannot be positively confirmed. Please check back for updates.
Pie-Eyed Petey's Restaurant and Bar, occupying the former site of Plaza Marina, is a full-service restaurant/bar, with a limited marina and fueling services. The marina offers a limited selection of boating accessories, as well as a store with T-shirts, hand painted signs and other lake-oriented accessories.
Pie-Eyed Petey's is the only full-service restaurant and bar on the lake. The menu consists of pizzas, subs, tenderloins, chicken fingers, hamburgers, etc. The decor in the bar reflects Lake Tippecanoe's heritage; from the early days of pull-start outboard motors hanging on the wall, to water skis dating from the 1960s, to the teak MasterCraft Decks from the 1990s, this eatery has a strong flair for Lake Tippecanoe nostalgia. A newly completed "Tiki" Bar is located outdoors, with flat-screen TVs and a full-service bar to serve outdoor patrons. The outdoor dining area has grown in recent years, and much of it is covered by canopies, with large outdoor heaters if the temperatures require them. Most recently, a red lighthouse has been constructed just onshore.
Tippecanoe Boat Co Inc
Tippecanoe Boat Co. Inc. is a marina on the northeast side of Lake Tippecanoe. The access point is through a long channel which is clearly marked by a large sign, underneath a footbridge, and into a lagoon. Gas is available at TBC, and there is a full boat dealership as well.
Public access
Public access to Tippecanoe Lake is available via:
Grassy Creek, a tributary that connects, by way of a manually operated lock, the east shore of Tippecanoe Lake to Sawmill, Sechrist, Banning, Irish, Little Barbee, Big Barbee and Kuhn lakes upstream. The ramp is on the east shore of the creek along Armstrong Road, just north of the lock.
Patona Bay Resort on the northwest shore
Tippy Dance Hall on the southwest shore
Tippecanoe Boat Company on the northeast shore
Pie-Eyed Petey's Marina and Restaurant on the southeast shore
Drainage
Tippecanoe is drained by the Tippecanoe River which flows generally south to the Wabash River. The river ends near Battle Ground, Indiana, in Tippecanoe county.
Two reservoirs, Lake Shafer and Lake Freeman, are fed by the Tippecanoe River. The reservoirs both have dams controlling inflow from the Tippecanoe River.
Notable residents
A notable resident was Chris Schenkel. Schenkel announced the Triple Crown horse races and the Masters Tournament on CBS. With ABC Sports he was Olympic anchorman, college football, NBA, and PBA bowling announcer. His wife Fran, and daughter Christina still reside there.
Lore
A famous myth concerning Lake Tippecanoe is that the "bottom" of the lake is a false bottom made up of silt, under which lies a spring that extends feet below the surface of the lake. Other myths are that somewhere in the lake lies a crashed airplane (either a B-17 Flying Fortress or a small private airplane, depending on who you talk to) and that SCUBA divers went the deepest depths of the lake only to surface when the fish became larger than the divers.
References
External links
Tippecanoe Boat Co.
Tippecanoe
Category:Lakes of Kosciusko County, Indiana
Category:Glacial lakes of the United States
Category:Tourist attractions in Kosciusko County, Indiana | {
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List of Cyprus Turkish Airlines destinations
In December 2006, the airline made a formal application to the British Civil Aviation Authority for a licence to operate non-stop flights between UK airports and Ercan International Airport (ECN) in Northern Cyprus. The application was turned down in February 2007.
In April 2008, the airline signed a business contract with a travel agency in Germany called 'Oger Turk Tur'. The point of this contract was to be able to bring more tourists to Northern Cyprus (T.R.N.C.) since Germany is one of the top countries that generates a high level of outbound tourist traffic. According to this contract, Cyprus Turkish Airlines were to fly to 8 new destinations in Germany, with one specially leased aircraft operating up to 14 flights a week. KTHY confirmed that they were also to fly to Cologne/Bonn and Stuttgart (Germany), not forming part of the 8 new charter destinations).
Cyprus Turkish Airlines served the following scheduled destinations (at September 2009):
Asia
Turkey
Adana - Adana Şakirpaşa Airport
Ankara - Esenboğa International Airport
Antalya - Antalya Airport
Dalaman - Dalaman Airport
Gaziantep - Oguzeli Airport
Istanbul - Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
İzmir - Adnan Menderes Airport
Kayseri - Erkilet International Airport
Trabzon - Trabzon Airport
Europe
Northern Cyprus
Nicosia - Ercan International Airport (base)
Germany
Cologne/Bonn - Cologne/Bonn Airport
Stuttgart - Stuttgart Airport
United Kingdom
Birmingham - Birmingham Airport [seasonal]
London
London Gatwick Airport
London Heathrow Airport
London Stansted Airport
Manchester - Manchester Airport
Note: All flights to Germany were via Antalya Airport, flights to the United Kingdom were via a variety of airports in Turkey.
References
Category:Lists of airline destinations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2006–07 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2006–07 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-second season since its establishment.
Regular season
Group A
Group B
Championship play-offs
First round
The second place club will play the third place club from the opposite group.
Second round
The first round winners play the first place clubs from each group.
Third round
The losers from the first and second round play each other. The losers from this round are eliminated.
Fourth round
The second round winners play each other. The winner advances to the finals and loser moves to the semifinals.
The third round winners play each other and the loser is eliminated.
Semifinal
The winner advances to the finals and the loser is eliminated.
Libertas were qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2007–08 UEFA Cup as runner-up of 2006–07 Coppa Titano.
Final
Murata were qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League.
References
RSSSF.com
Category:Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
San Marino
1 | {
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HMAS Potrero
HMAS Potrero was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1937 by Lars Halvorsen, Neutral Bay, Sydney, Australia.
Operational history
During the war, HMAS Potrero operated along the New Guinea coastline. On 29 August, 1942 MV Malaita was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine RO-33, while returning to Cairns after delivering troops and supplies to Port Moresby. Although listing 10 degrees to starboard, Malaita remained afloat, and was taken in tow by and HMAS Potrero. Their escort, the destroyer , picked up an asdic contact on the RO-33, and delivered a series of depth charge attacks that sank it.
Citations
References
Category:1937 ships
Category:Shipwrecks of the Far South Coast Region | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ron Boone
Ronald Bruce Boone (born September 6, 1946) is an American retired professional basketball player. He had a thirteen-year career in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Boone set a record for most consecutive games played in professional basketball history with 1,041 and claims to have never missed a game from when he started playing basketball in the fourth grade until his retirement. Boone is the current color commentator on Utah Jazz broadcasts.
High school career
Boone grew up in the Logan Fontenelle housing project and attended Technical High School in North Omaha, Nebraska. In high school, Boone played basketball for Coach Neal Mosser, who had led Tech to the 1963 State title and had coached Basketball of Famer Bob Boozer and Baseball Hall of Famer Bob Gibson before Boone. Boone stood only 5'7" when he graduated from high school and didn't become a starter in basketball until his senior season. Boone also played baseball under Josh Gibson, older brother of Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Gibson, also an Omaha native and Technical High School alumnus.
Small in stature at the time, Boone reflected on his basketball aspirations after high school. “I remember playing in a league down at the local YMCA and just having a good time — scoring points — and this friend of mine asked one of the officials if he thought I could play major college basketball and the guy said, ‘No way,’ Boone recalled. “That was always in the back of my mind because I thought I could. If there was anything in my life that I can say inspired me, it was those comments.”
College career
Clarinda Community College (1964-1965)
After high school, Boone and a teammate accepted offers to play junior college basketball. Boone played one season at Clarinda Community College in Clarinda, Iowa, where he suddenly grew to 6'2" and averaged 26 points per game.
Idaho State University (1965-1968)
Boone then enrolled at Idaho State University (ISU) in Pocatello, Idaho, where he played for the Bengals, of the Big Sky Conference from 1965-1968.
As a sophomore, Boone averaged 10.9 points and 9.4 rebounds in 1965-1966 under Idaho State Coach Claude Retherford, as the Bengals finished 7-19. Rutherford was a former college teammate of Boone's high school coach Neil Mosser.
"It was Coach Mosser who helped me get a basketball scholarship to Idaho State." Boone reflected later, "I was accepted sight unseen and now, 30 years later, Claude Retherford is still one of my best friends. He visits me in Salt Lake City every spring and I teach his basketball camp every summer."
In 1966-1967, Idaho State finished 10-15, with Boone averaging 22.3 points and 5.1 rebounds.
As a senior in 1967-1968, Boone averaged 21.3 points, 4.2 rebounds and 3.8 assists as Idaho State finished 10-12 under Coach Danny Miller.
In his three seasons with Idaho State University, Boone averaged 20.0 points and 5.4 rebounds in 61 games, never missing a game. Boone was named First-team All-Big Sky in 1967 and 1968.
ABA/NBA career
After graduating from Idaho State University, Boone was selected by both the American Basketball Association's Dallas Chaparrals in the 1968 ABA draft and by the Phoenix Suns in the 1968 NBA draft. Boone opted to play for Dallas in the ABA.
Of his choice to play in the ABA, Boone said: "I chose the ABA because my college coach said it was a young league and I’d probably have a better chance of making professional basketball there. I felt that by going to the ABA I probably had a shot. I still had to prove myself. At the time Cliff Hagan, who is a legend, was the coach for the Chaparrals. We had to play two-on-two and he would always play. I remember hearing about this hook shot that he had that was awesome, left and right, and during that time I blocked his hook shot a couple of times. I really think, even today, that’s the reason I ended up making the team."
Dallas Chaparrals (1968-1971)
Boone played two seasons with the Dallas Chaparrals (today's San Antonio Spurs) from 1968–71. As a rookie in 1968-1969, Boone averaged 18.9 points, 5.1 rebounds and 3.6 assists under Coach Cliff Hagan. Dallas finished 41-37, losing to the New Orleans Buccaneers 4-3 in the ABA Playoffs. Boone made the ABA All-Rookie First Team.
Boone averaged 17.1 points, 5.3 rebounds and 4.3 assists in 201 games with the Dallas Chaparrals.
Utah Stars (1971-1975)
Boone was traded to the Utah Stars from Dallas in mid-season 1970, while averaging 20.0 points in 42 games with Dallas. In January 1971, the Stars traded Donnie Freeman and Wayne Hightower to the Chaparrals for Boone and Glen Combs.
Boone, alongside Zelmo Beaty, Willie Wise and Glen Combs, helped lead the Utah Stars to the 1971 ABA championship under Coach Bill Sharman. Utah finished the 1970-1971 regular season 57-27, with Boone averaging 18.8 points, 5.8 rebounds and 2.6 assists after coming over in the trade from Dallas. Boone averaged 17.6 points in the ABA Finals 4-3 Finals victory against the Kentucky Colonels, with Dan Issel and Louis Dampier. The Stars had defeated the Indiana Pacers 4-3 and his former team, the Dallas Chaparrals 4-0 to reach the ABA Finals. Boone averaged 21.0 points in the Dallas series and 14.9 in the Indiana series.
Over the course of six seasons with the Utah Stars, Boone averaged 18.6 points, 5.0 rebounds, 3.9 assists and 1.5 steals in 396 games.
St. Louis Spirits (1975-1976)
The Utah Stars franchise folded after 16 games in 1975-1976, with the NBA and ABA merger imminent. Boone played for the Spirits of St. Louis for the remainder of the 1975–76 season. Overall, Boone averaged 26.2 points for Utah and 21.0 in 62 games for St. Louis, playing alongside Hall of Famer Moses Malone as well as Marvin Barnes, Maurice Lucas, M.L. Carr, Caldwell Jones, Gus Gerard and Mike D'Antoni. St. Louis then disbanded after the demise of the ABA.
Boone was a four-time ABA All-Star (1971, 1974–1976).
Kansas City Kings (1976-1978)
After the ABA–NBA merger in June 1976 Boone played in the NBA for the Kansas City Kings. On August 5, 1976 he was drafted by the Kings from the Spirits of St. Louis in the dispersal draft.
Playing for Coach Phil Johnson in 1976-1977, Boone led the Kings in scoring, averaging 22.2 points, along with 3.9 rebounds, 4.1 assists and 1.5 steals, as the Kansas City finished 40-42.
Boone averaged 17.7 points for the Kings in 1977-1978, along with 3.3 rebounds 3.8 assists and 1.3 steals.
Los Angeles Lakers (1978-1979)
On June 26, 1978, Boone was traded twice. First, he was traded by the Kansas City Kings with a 1979 2nd round draft pick (Mark Young was later selected) to the Denver Nuggets for Mike Evans and Darnell Hillman. Then, on the same day, June 26, 1978, he was traded by the Denver Nuggets with a 1979 2nd round draft pick (Ollie Mack was later selected) and a 1979 2nd round draft pick (Mark Young was later selected) to the Los Angeles Lakers for Charlie Scott.
Boone played for the Los Angeles Lakers as a reserve for Coach Jerry West in 1978-1979, averaging 7.4 points in 82 games, playing only 19 minutes per game.
Utah Jazz (1979-1981)
On October 25, 1979 Boone was traded by the Lakers to the Utah Jazz for a 1981 3rd round draft pick (Zam Fredrick was later selected), returning to Utah and finishing his professional career with two seasons playing for the Utah Jazz.
In 1979-1980, Boone averaged 12.9 points under Coach Jazz Tom Nissalke, playing alongside Hall of Famers Adrian Dantley and Pete Maravich.
In his final season, in a reserve role, Boone averaged 7.8 points in 52 games. On January 26, 1981, Boone was waived by the Utah Jazz. Boone immediately had offers to play for other teams, but chose to retire following his release, saying "it was the right time to retire."
In his career, Boone played in 1041 total games, without ever missing a game. He averaged 16.8 points, 4.2 rebounds, 3.7 assists and 1.3 steals, with 17,437 total career points. In 84 career playoff games, Boone averaged 16.1 points, 4.4 rebounds, 4.6 assists and 1.7 steals.
In the ABA, Boone averaged 18.4 points, 5.0 rebounds, 3.9 assists and 1.6 steals in 662 career ABA games.Boone averaged 13.9 points, 2.8 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 1.1 steals in 379 career NBA games.
1,041 consecutive games streak
Ron Boone never missed a game in his professional career.
Boone's streak of 1,041 consecutive games played has only been surpassed by AC Green appearing in 1,192 straight games. Johnny "Red" Kerr held the previous record of 844. Boone is likely the only player in major professional sports history to never to miss a single game in his career. In 13 total seasons, Boone played in 1,041 out of 1,041 possible games. Prior to that, Boone did not miss a game in college and claimed to have not missed a game in his pre-high school and high school career. Boone has never missed a game as a broadcaster as well.
Of the consecutive games streak, Boone said, "It wasn’t important at all. You want to play, you want to play every game and you don’t even think about it. Later on in my career I thought “boy, this is something special.” And then you start taking pride in it, the fact that I’ve never pulled a hamstring or a muscle or a groin. You start thinking, why? Why hasn’t something like that happened to me? I realized it went all the way back to my high school days. My high school coach talked about stretching, warming up and getting ready to play. From when I started playing in fourth grade. What a great story that is. That a guy can go his whole career without missing a game."
Career notes
Boone finished 3rd all-time in American Basketball Association scoring with 12,153 points, behind Dan Issel (12,823) and Louie Dampier (13,726). He also finished 6th all-time in ABA assists (2,569), 5th in games played (662), 5th in minutes played (21,586), 2nd in personal fouls (2,245), and 1st in turnovers (2,327). Of the top five leading scorers in ABA history: Dampier, Issel, Boone, Mel Daniels and Julius Erving, Boone is the only one of the five not in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
In Terry Pluto's book on the history of the ABA, Loose Balls, interviewees noted that Boone's nickname was "The Legend", because he always showed up each season in shape and always was remarkably consistent. At the time of his retirement, Boone had the distinction of having played the most consecutive games of any player in the history of professional basketball – 1,041 in a row between the ABA and NBA. This record has since been broken by A. C. Green. However, Boone played at least 20 minutes in each game.
Basketball announcing career (1988-present)
For the past 31 years, Boone has been a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz. Boone starting calling games for the Jazz in September, 1988. The Utah Jazz' partnered "Hot Rod" Hundley and Boone as announcers for many years. To many Jazz fans the duo was synonymous with Jazz basketball.
Personal
Boone has a son, JaRon; a daughter, Jozette; and three grandchildren. His wife Jackie died of cancer, at age 62, in 2008.
JaRon Boone played college basketball at the University of Nebraska from 1992-1996, averaging 12.2 points, 2.7 rebounds and 3.5 assists in 127 career games.
Boone is an avid golfer saying, "The game of golf is an individual sport that just drives you to try to beat it. You’re constantly trying to beat this golf course, knowing damn well how tough it is. Then the margin of error in the game itself is so small, it just makes it so competitive and so hard to beat it. It’s an addiction. So many friends of mine take up this game and they can’t believe what it does. What you become after taking it up."
Boone hosts the annual "Ron Boone Golf Classic" which benefits the Huntsman Cancer Institute.
Honors
Boone was inducted into the Idaho State University Hall of Fame in 1980.
Boone was inducted into the Nebraska High School Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.
In 1997, Boone was selected to the American Basketball Association All-Time Team.
Boone was inducted into the Utah Sports Hall of Fame in 2000.
Notes
References
External links
DatabaseBasketball.com Ron Boone page
Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American basketball players
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Basketball players from Oklahoma
Category:Dallas Chaparrals draft picks
Category:Dallas Chaparrals players
Category:Idaho State Bengals men's basketball players
Category:Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Category:Kansas City Kings players
Category:Los Angeles Lakers players
Category:Phoenix Suns draft picks
Category:Spirits of St. Louis players
Category:Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
Category:Texas Chaparrals players
Category:Utah Jazz broadcasters
Category:Utah Jazz players
Category:Utah media
Category:Utah Stars players
Category:Shooting guards | {
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Vale FM
Vale FM (formerly 97.4 Gold Radio) was an Independent Local Radio station which broadcast to the Blackmore Vale and Cranborne Chase, from Shaftesbury, Dorset, in southern England.
Background
In the summer of 2008 Chris Carnegy who was the founder and driving force behind the start of the radio station acquired Vale FM from The Local Radio Company. He restructured and rebranded it Midwest Radio - a project which saw the combining of programmes and resources with Ivel FM in Yeovil, now also identified as Midwest Radio. Carnegy left in March 2009 to join the BBC and the Midwest stations were acquired by Devon businesswoman Michele Roberts.
Cameron Smith continued presenting the weekday morning breakfast show from Shaftesbury through the transition and also recorded a regular weekend 80s show. In May 2010 the Shaftesbury studios were closed and all programme production moved to Yeovil. The breakfast show was taken over temporarily by David Mortimer and Cameron's long association with the station ended.
David Mortimer's temporary stewardship of the breakfast show ended on Friday 20 August 2010 and Jason Herbert, previously with Wessex FM, took over as the new breakfast presenter from the following Monday.
It was reported in the Blackmore Vale Magazine that Midwest Radio had been given permission by Ofcom to have a single breakfast show, but John Baker, the station manager, said "the group had no plans to close either of its centres or to stop broadcasting separate breakfast shows for South Somerset and North Dorset. Although we now have permission from Ofcom to share our breakfast hours, we will not be doing this." Mr Baker implied that broadcasting was continuing from the Shaftesbury studios but this was not the case.
However, by March 2011 the breakfast show had indeed merged, with a single presenter - Steve Carpenter - based in Yeovil and the departure of Jason Herbert. And the fallacy that Mid West was continuing to broadcast from Shaftesbury also had come to an end with the local contact address now being given as "Compton Abbas Airfield, near Salisbury".
The history of Vale FM had come to an end.
External links
OFCOM listing for Vale FM
Category:Radio stations established in 1995
Category:Radio stations in Dorset
Category:Defunct radio stations in the United Kingdom
Category:The Local Radio Company
Category:North Dorset District
Category:Shaftesbury | {
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Amy Pond
Amelia Pond, commonly known as Amy Pond, is a fictional character portrayed by Karen Gillan in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Amy is a companion of the series protagonist the Doctor, in his eleventh incarnation, played by Matt Smith. She appears in the programme from the fifth series (2010) to midway through the seventh series (2012).
The Doctor first meets Amelia when she is seven years old (portrayed by Caitlin Blackwood) and disturbed by a crack in her wall. He promises to return to the lonely girl in five minutes and take her with him in the TARDIS, but accidentally arrives twelve years later, by which time adult Amy has become sceptical about her "imaginary friend". However, she eventually decides to travel with him, and the duo are later joined by her fiancé Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill). Amy and Rory marry at the end of the fifth series. In the sixth series, Amy gives birth to their daughter, Melody Pond, who is revealed to be recurring character (since the fourth series) River Song (Alex Kingston).
Appearances
Television
Amelia Pond is introduced in the first episode of the fifth series (2010), "The Eleventh Hour", as a seven-year-old girl living with only her aunt when the Doctor (Matt Smith) crashes into her front yard one night. She asks him to investigate an unusual crack in her wall, but he is interrupted by an alert from his time machine, the TARDIS. He promises Amelia that he will return in five minutes, but is inadvertently late by twelve years. In the intervening period, Amelia's family and friends believe the Doctor is just her imaginary friend; her insistence that he is real leads to her being treated by psychiatrists. When the Doctor returns, Amy is nineteen years old and working as a kissogram. She helps him save Earth from the galactic police force the Atraxi, and when he returns two years later she begins travelling with him as his companion. At the end of "Flesh and Stone", Amy reveals that they had left Earth on the eve of her marriage to Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill) and attempts to seduce the Doctor. The Doctor finds Rory and takes him and Amy to 16th century Venice on an intended romantic date after which Rory continues travelling with them. In "Amy's Choice", Amy is pressured to resolve her conflicted feelings for the Doctor and Rory and realises the depth of her love for Rory. At the end of "Cold Blood", Rory is killed by a Silurian, then is erased from history by the cracks in the universe. Because he is part of Amy's own time-line, she ceases to remember him. The Doctor takes Amy to 19th century France to lessen his guilt about Rory's loss and she forms a close friendship with famed painter Vincent van Gogh (Tony Curran).
In the fifth series finale, "The Pandorica Opens"/"The Big Bang", Rory reappears in 102 AD as a Roman centurion. He triggers Amy's memories, but as she remembers, it is revealed that the centurion Rory is actually an Auton—a duplicate of living plastic—created from Amy's memories to help capture the Doctor. Rory's consciousness tries to fight his programming, but he is compelled to shoot and kill her. Amy's body is kept alive in the Pandorica, a special prison intended to trap the Doctor. The Auton Rory protects it for 2000 years. The Doctor realises that Amy is connected to the cracks in the universe which originated from a temporal explosion on her wedding day. He tells her that her parents had been erased by the crack in her wall and urges her to remember them. After he uses the Pandorica to reboot the universe, the Doctor travels back through his timeline and is able to plant memories in Amy of the TARDIS. Amy awakes on her wedding day in a timeline where her parents are again part of reality and marries a restored Rory. Her memories are stirred by the TARDIS-shaped diary River Song (Alex Kingston) leaves for her. Once Amy remembers the Doctor, he is restored to reality. It is mentioned in The Sarah Jane Adventures serial Death of the Doctor that the Doctor dropped Amy and Rory off on a "honeymoon planet", and the couple continues their honeymoon aboard an interstellar cruise ship which the Doctor saves from crashing into a populated planet.
The sixth series (2011) begins with Amy and Rory living a normal domestic life. They receive an anonymous invitation to the Utah desert where they reunite with the Doctor —now aged nearly two hundred years since they have last met —and fellow invitee River Song. Amy witnesses the Doctor's death at the hand of an astronaut in an Apollo space suit, but they discover the Doctor also invited a younger version of himself, with whom they travel to 1969 Washington, D.C. to investigate strange occurrences involving the Silence, an alien race who cannot be remembered after they are encountered. While there, Amy informs the Doctor she is pregnant before attempting to shoot a little girl in an Apollo space suit, believing it will stop her from killing the future Doctor. In the girl's orphanage room, Amy finds strange pictures of herself holding a newborn baby. When the Doctor questions Amy about the pregnancy, she insists she was wrong and further investigation by the Doctor is inconclusive. Throughout their adventures, Amy is plagued by strange visions of a woman wearing an eye-patch (Frances Barber) appearing sporadically only to her. In "The Almost People" it is revealed that the Amy present since she insisted she is not pregnant is actually a Ganger – a duplicate animated by the real Amy's consciousness – while the real Amy is in the captivity of the eye-patched woman and about to give birth. In "A Good Man Goes to War", her baby —named Melody Pond —is kidnapped by the eye-patched woman, Madame Kovarian, who will train her to one day kill the Doctor. River Song then arrives and tells Amy that she is an adult Melody.
A flashback in "Let's Kill Hitler" introduces Amy and Rory's childhood friend Mels (Nina Toussaint-White). As teenagers, it was Mels who pointed out that Rory had been in love with Amy for some time, which led to the two dating. In the present, Mels hijacks the TARDIS and directs it to 1939 where she is shot by Hitler (Albert Welling) and regenerates into River Song, revealing that Amy had grown up alongside her daughter, who was trained by the Silence to kill the Doctor. Amy is later persuaded by the Doctor to let her adult daughter make her own way in life. In "The Girl Who Waited", Amy becomes separated from the Doctor and Rory on a planet's quarantine facility and lives on her own for 36 years before they return. The Doctor wants to go back in time to rescue the younger Amy, but the older Amy insists that they take both of her. However, the Doctor knows the TARDIS will not accept the paradox and is forced to leave the older Amy behind. In "The God Complex", the Doctor breaks Amy's faith in him after he discovers that they are trapped in a prison for a being that kills by feeding on faith. At the conclusion of that episode, not wanting to risk their lives further, he parts ways with her and Rory after giving them a house and car. Amy appears briefly in "Closing Time", where she is shown to have become a fashion model, noted for a perfume campaign with the slogan "For The Girl Who Is Tired Of Waiting". Series finale "The Wedding of River Song" depicts an alternate universe created by River refusing to kill the Doctor in Utah, as previously shown. Amy leads a secret organisation which fights the Silence. She reunites the Doctor with River and later kills Madame Kovarian for kidnapping Melody and depriving her of raising her baby. After history is restored, River visits Amy and reveals that the Doctor has faked his death. At the end of the 2011 Christmas special, the Doctor returns to Amy and Rory two years later (in their time) and has Christmas dinner with them.
The series seven opener "Asylum of the Daleks" (2012) shows Amy, still working as a fashion model, signing papers for her and Rory's divorce. In the episode, the Doctor engineers a reconciliation between the two during the mission, allowing them to discuss their feelings for each other. It is revealed Amy left Rory because she has been infertile since "A Good Man Goes to War", and knew he wanted children. The couple continue traveling with the Doctor on small adventures in "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" and "A Town Called Mercy", but leave at the end of each to return to their normal lives. In "The Power of Three", Amy says that the Doctor has been in her and Rory's life for ten years, and she now works as a journalist. The couple realise they have to choose between their normal lives and their life with the Doctor. They are inclined to choose the former, but Rory's father Brian (Mark Williams) encourages the pair to continue travelling with the Doctor. Their next adventure, "The Angels Take Manhattan", is their last. In the story, Amy and Rory are threatened by the evil Weeping Angels, whose touch will send them into the distant past to die alone. Having witnessed this eventuality, they attempt suicide, creating a paradox which destroys all but one Angel, but also renders the area permanently off-limits to the Doctor's TARDIS. In the present, the surviving Angel sends Rory back in time, and knowing the Doctor cannot recover him, Amy allows the Angel to touch her too so she can be with him. Gravestones in a New York cemetery reveal that Rory died at the age of 82 and Amy died at the age of 87. River arranges for Amy to leave the Doctor a message in the afterword of a 1930s pulp fiction novel, where she says she is happy with Rory and that they worry about the Doctor travelling alone. "P.S.", a mini shows-episode supplement based on the original script for this episode, shows that Rory and Amy adopted a son, in 1946, and named him Anthony Brian Williams. Gillan reprises the role in "The Time of the Doctor" (2013), in which Matt Smith departs the series. During the Eleventh Doctor's regeneration, he hallucinates images of young Amelia Pond on board his TARDIS, before a vision of adult Amy approaches and says a final goodbye.
Other media
In addition to the television series, Amy has appeared in several BBC-licensed Doctor Who novels, audio dramas, and comics. The first set of corresponding New Series Adventures novels—Apollo 23, Night of the Humans and The Forgotten Army—were published in April 2010 and feature solely the Eleventh Doctor and Amy. The next set—comprising Nuclear Time, The King's Dragon and The Glamour Chase—were released in July 2010 and feature the Doctor, Amy, and Rory. In Michael Moorcock's lengthier The Coming of the Terraphiles, which takes place during a time in the fifth series Rory is absent, Amy is proposed to by one of the characters, to whom she declines. In April 2011, another set of New Series Adventures were released to correspond with Amy and Rory's travels in the sixth series, containing Dead of Winter, The Way Through the Woods, and Hunter's Moon. A subsequent series of three books were published in June. In September, another longer novel was published, The Silent Stars Go By, which sees the trio face the Ice Warriors. In addition, Amy appears singularly alongside the Doctor in four 2010 "Decide Your Destiny" books, as well as alongside Rory in six "2in1" adventure chapter books. The three also feature in the Quick Reads Initiative novella Magic of the Angels.
Amy, Rory, and the Doctor appear in IDW Publishing's comic book series Assimilation2, published from May to December 2012, which is a crossover between Doctor Who and Star Trek: The Next Generation. They team up with the crew of the USS Enterprise-D to stop an alliance between the Borg and the Cybermen. Amy and Rory appear briefly in the mini-series "Prisoners of Time" where they join other past companions and versions of the Doctor in battling the main villains of the series. During a battle with some Autons, 11 introduces them to Clara Oswald.
Amy Pond has appeared in several Doctor Who video games. Voiced by Gillan, she appears in all five episodes of Doctor Who: The Adventure Games which were marketed as extra episodes. The virtual character was created using rotoscoping of Gillan's movements. She also is featured, voiced by Gillan, in the 2010 video games Doctor Who: Evacuation Earth and Doctor Who: Return to Earth, made for the DS and Nintendo Wii respectively. Amy also appears in the smartphone app game Doctor Who: The Mazes of Time.
Characterisation
Creation and casting
Doctor Who executive producer and head writer Steven Moffat came up with the name for the character. Moffat chose the name "Pond" to create a link between Amy and River Song, who would be revealed to be Amy's daughter. Moffat's predecessor, Russell T Davies, stated in an interview with Dose magazine that "We've held off on companions for a long time, so you'll get rewarded with a great, big, strong character in Amy Pond, when she arrives. I think that plan's been good."
Andy Pryor, the casting director, suggested Gillan to Moffat after her performance in the fourth series episode "The Fires of Pompeii", in which she played a soothsayer, but Moffat originally thought Gillan was "short and dumpy". Later, however, he stated that she was "exactly right for the role", though she portrayed the character differently from how Moffat originally wrote. Gillan was reportedly the last to audition for the role, and stood out as she was "a bit kookier" than the others. Moffat said of the casting, "We saw some amazing actresses for this part. But when Karen came through the door, the game was up — she was funny, clever, gorgeous and sexy. Or Scottish, which is the quick way of saying it. A generation of little girls will want to be her. And a generation of little boys will want them to be her too." Doctor Who executive producer and drama chief at BBC Wales Piers Wenger concurred, "We knew Karen was perfect for the role the moment we saw her. She brought an energy and excitement to the part that was just fantastic." Gillan was aware of the show but was not as big a fan of it as her mother was, due to it not being on when she was growing up. However, she watched some with her mother after it returned in 2005, and was also a fan of other science fiction such as The X-Files, The Outer Limits, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Voyager.
Gillan auditioned for the role in both her natural Scottish accent and an English one, and it was not until after she was cast that it was decided Amy would be Scottish. Gillan commented that she felt the Scottish accent better suited the character. A younger version of Amy, known as "Amelia", appears in several episodes. Amelia was played by Gillan's real-life 10-year-old cousin Caitlin Blackwood. Though the two actresses had not met until the set of the show, Gillan recommended Blackwood for the role; Blackwood, however, still had to undergo rigorous auditions first. Blackwood and Gillan did get to act together in "The Big Bang", which Gillan initially found "weird", though the two actresses became used to it quickly.
Personality and character arc
Gillan stated that "having read the first episode I was utterly smitten [with the show], and with the character. Amy's a sassy lady, funny and passionate, and her relationship with the Doctor has a really interesting dynamic". Gillan believed that the Doctor still saw Amy as the same seven-year-old girl he first met, and described their relationship as brother and sister, with Amy sometimes acting as an "annoying little sister". She also did not want Amy, like previous companions, to stand around "in awe of the Doctor all the time" or "mope around" while he was not there; Amy would "do her own thing, whether it's fighting monsters in strange new worlds or just getting on with her life in her own village". During her first series, Gillan wanted Amy to act "like a child in an adult body" because she had not properly grown up. She appears more guarded because "she doesn't like to show her emotions because she wants to be strong". However, she begins her second series as a more settled person, and shows more emotion, especially with the birth of her daughter.
Gillan had substantial input into Amy's costume, as well as her hair and make-up. In the first episode, costume designer Ray Holman stated that Amy's identity was not clear and that she wore her own clothes later on. Gillan thought that Amy had inner confidence to wear clothes that showed "a bit of skin from time to time". Gillan said she tried on many things, but when it came to short skirts she "just thought it was right" and showed that Amy was "comfortable and confident about her look". She believed that the skirts reflected what young women typically wear at her age. Executive producer Piers Wenger also noted that Amy's 1970s flying jacket, which she wears "quite a lot", reflected Gillan was a "born adventurer" and Amy developed a love for travel and adventure. In the sixth series, Amy wears more jeans and longer trousers; Gillan stated, "she's getting a little bit more tomboyish as she becomes more of an action girl". Amy never wears heels, as Gillan desired that the footwear be functional for saving the world.
As the Doctor accidentally did not return for her until twelve years later, Amy grew up a different person than she would have. She had become "cynical" and "distrustful" as the Doctor did not return as he had promised and she was forced to believe he was just an imaginary friend, and had resorted to being "tough". Moffat theorised that Amy would have taken her anger out on Rory and would have been "mean" about things such as Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy. The second episode, "The Beast Below", was to introduce Amy into the role of the Doctor's companion and how much he needed one. Though Amy soon tries to seduce the Doctor, Moffat believed that it was consistent with the cynical character he had built up. It was also a reflection of how the two had just escaped from death and shared a hard time together, and Amy's tendency to do things "in the heat of the moment". In "Amy's Choice", meant to challenge the Doctor and Amy's relationship, Rory dies in an alternate universe that was a result of psychic pollen that had entered the TARDIS. This is when Amy truly realises her feelings for Rory. As a primary part of the series' story arc, Rory officially dies and is erased from history and Amy's memory. Though Rory later returns, he is an Auton duplicate who kills her, which reflected Moffat's belief that all good love stories end in tragedy. The end of "The Big Bang", in which Amy stands up at her wedding and declares the Doctor is real, was the Doctor's success at restoring Amy to the spirit of the girl he first met.
Moffat had always intended for Amy and Rory to get married "from the off". Gillan stated, "What I love about that relationship is that we really saw it develop to get to the stage where they were happy together. Because we started off at a point where Amy didn't want to be committed to him, and he absolutely did, and that just gave us somewhere to go with it, rather than just them being happy together. So it was interesting, and it evolved, and Rory really became a hero in the process". She was pleased that the audience was able to see Amy's life "pan out", starting when she was a child and through her marriage and daughter. Gillan stated that the aftermath of "A Good Man Goes to War" would "change her in a big way for the long run and I think we are going to get to see Amy in a really different light". According to Moffat, by the seventh series, Amy and Rory had become "a crack team"; so used to being the Doctor's companions that instead of marvelling at him they "treat him like a big kid they have to look after".
In December 2011, it was announced that the seventh series would be Amy and Rory's last. Previously in November, Gillan had stated that once Amy had left, she did not want to make returning cameos, as she believed it would "take away from the big, emotional goodbye". Gillan had arranged her exit with Moffat and the two decided on how Amy should leave. Gillan stated that she wanted to go "on a high when the character was at her prime" and that she "[wanted] to see her go with everything that she wants". Gillan would make a brief appearance at the end of the 2013 Christmas special, The Time of the Doctor, with Amy Pond saying a final goodbye to the Eleventh Doctor just before he regenerates, bringing actors Gillan and Matt Smith together for a brief moment at the conclusion of Smith's last regular appearance as the Doctor.
Reception
With the premiere of "The Eleventh Hour", two viewers anonymously quoted in The Telegraph complained that Amy's character was too "sexy" for a family programme like Doctor Who. Executive producer Piers Wenger stated that Amy was intended to be "feisty and outspoken and a bit of a number. Amy is probably the wildest companion that the Doctor has travelled with, but she isn’t promiscuous." On a similar note, Gavin Fuller, writing for The Daily Telegraphs website, criticised Amy's "attempted seduction of the Doctor" in the episode "Flesh and Stone", claiming that it "did seem out of keeping with the usual tone of the series", and that "Given the number of young children who watch, it may not have been the most appropriate of scenes to screen". The Daily Mail claimed that the seduction scene led to complaints from some viewers who accused the BBC of trying to "'sex up' the show to attract more adult viewers". The article quotes a representative from pressure group Mediawatch-uk and an anonymous contributor to an internet message board. A BBC spokesman confirmed they had received 43 complaints of the scene out of the millions who watched the episode.
Critics noted that Amy did not develop much throughout the 2010 series. Dan Martin of The Guardian, in a mid-series review, wrote, "I wonder whether I really know Amy Pond. Beneath the sass and the sauce and the wit and (there's no getting away from this) the skirts, I've yet to completely empathise with her, or work out what makes her tick". In a review before the finale, Martin called her "a revelation", although she sometimes "felt a little one note...But I'd put all of that down to guest writers responding to a character brief that probably said little more than 'feisty redhead'". IGN's Matt Wales shared similar sentiments, writing, "Despite Gillan's effortless charisma, Pond was frequently painted in largely two-dimensional strokes that made for a brash, sometimes irritating turn. It's testament to Gillan's abilities and brilliant chemistry with Smith that she remained thoroughly watchable throughout but, bereft of back story (albeit intentionally), it was hard to really get involved with the character". Paul Kerton of Zap2it, however, wrote in a review of "The Eleventh Hour" that Amy's "brilliantly executed introduction to the show stood out. Amy's character after just one episode is already one with depth". Tor.com's Teresa Jusino was also more positive towards Amy in the fifth series, writing that she was equally "competent, intelligent, and [quick-thinking]" as she was flawed and made mistakes, which made her relatable and "a successful female character".
Chris Haydon of Den of Geek argued that Amy was "much more than the supposed eye candy many journalists unfairly referred to her as, or indeed much more than a female human to accompany the Gallifreyan Time Lord. She is far more three-dimensional and developed than the pre-existing judgements made her out to be". He also praised Gillan's acting abilities and the way her relationship with Rory helped "render [her] character into something quite special". The Daily Telegraph Michael Hogan considered Amy "the joint best assistant of the rebooted Who era – far superior to Catherine Tate and Freema Agyeman, equally as excellent as Billie Piper". He also praised her relationship with the Doctor, saying that they were "totally believable as best friends". Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times praised Amy for being "cheerfully free...of the emotional baggage that mired her predecessors" and also reacted positively to her attempted seduction of the Doctor. SFX named Amy and Rory the second-best science fiction and fantasy romance. In 2012, leading up to her departure, Martin wrote that Gillan's acting had improved, becoming less of "a rootless collection of personality traits and enunciated sentence peaks" and someone more rounded. He also noted that Amy was unique because so much had happened to her and she became intwined in the Doctor's life, which allowed the audience to see her "develop and change".
The Guardians Krystina Nellis argued that Amy functioned more as a plot prop than a strong female character, citing the importance of giving birth to River Song. Charlie Jane Anders of io9, while positive towards her relationship with Rory, opined that Amy was still "a bit of a cartoon character" in "The Wedding of River Song", believing that her killing Madame Kovarian was "no substitute" for dealing with what Kovarian had done to her child.
The character has gone on to be referenced in popular culture. American supernatural drama Supernatural'''s seventh season "The Girl Next Door" (2011), a character played by Jewel Staite operates under the alias Amy Pond. Digital Spy felt the Doctor Who reference was "rather random", while IGN "loved" the shoutout.
Gillan has won over six awards up to date for playing the role of Amy Pond. In 2010 she won Cosmopolitan 'Women Of The Year' Award. In 2011 Gillan won an SFX'' Award, a TV Choice Award, and in 2012 she won at the National Television Awards. In an online poll, with 3,000 participants, taken in late 2010, Amy Pond was listed as the fifth most popular companion.
References
External links
Amy Pond on the BBC's Doctor Who website
Amy Pond at the BBC America
Category:Television characters introduced in 2010
Category:Doctor Who companions
Category:Female characters in television
Category:Fictional models
Category:Fictional reporters
Category:Fictional writers
Category:Fictional Scottish people
Category:Fictional victims of kidnapping | {
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Baca
Baca may refer to:
Baca (surname), including a list of people with the name
Baca, Hungarian name of , a village in Romania
, seat of Baca Municipality, Mexico
Baca County, Colorado
Baca Municipality, Yucatan, Mexico
Baca, the appellation given by Josephus for the Galilean village of Peki'in
Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado
, Portugal, which joins Alcoa River to form Alcobaça River (Portugal)
Bakkah, also transliterated Baca, another name for Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Bikers Against Child Abuse
Undecaprenyl-diphosphatase, an enzyme
Brighton Aldridge Community Academy
See also
Bača (disambiguation)
Bacas (disambiguation)
Bacca (disambiguation)
Backa (disambiguation)
De Baca County, New Mexico
Luis Maria Baca Grant No. 4, New Mexico | {
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Riverdale Elementary School
Riverdale Elementary School may refer to:
In Canada:
Riverdale Elementary School (British Columbia) — Surrey, British Columbia
In the United States:
Riverdale Elementary School (Anaheim, California) — Anaheim, California
Riverdale Elementary School (Garden Grove, California) — Garden Grove, California
Riverdale Elementary School (Colorado) — Thornton, Colorado
Riverdale Elementary School (Florida) — Orlando, Florida
Riverdale Elementary School (Georgia) — Riverdale, Georgia
Riverdale Elementary School (Port Byron, Illinois) — Port Byron, Illinois
Riverdale Elementary School (Rock Falls, Illinois) — Rock Falls, Illinois
Riverdale Elementary School (Indiana) — Saint Joe, Indiana
Riverdale Elementary School (Maryland) — Riverdale, Maryland
Riverdale Elementary School (Massachusetts) — Dedham, Massachusetts
Riverdale Public School (Nebraska) — Riverdale, Nebraska
Riverdale Public School (New Jersey) — Riverdale, New Jersey
Riverdale Elementary School (Forest, Ohio) — Forest, Ohio
Riverdale Elementary School (Mount Blanchard, Ohio) — Mount Blanchard, Ohio
Riverdale Elementary School (Oregon) — Portland, Oregon
Riverdale Elementary School (Tennessee) — Germantown, Tennessee
Riverdale Elementary School (Utah) — Ogden, Utah
Riverdale Elementary School (Wisconsin) — Muscoda, Wisconsin
Riverdale Heights Elementary School — Bettendorf, Iowa | {
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Secret Bond
The Secret Bond (also known as the Secret Band) was a document drawn up by Cardinal Beaton and signed by a number of Scottish peers on 24 July 1543. They agreed to resist alliance with England by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Prince Edward.
Historical context
Following the death of James V of Scotland in December 1542, his daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots, an infant of less than a week old, succeeded to the Scottish throne. A struggle for the regency between Cardinal Beaton and Earl of Arran was won by the latter. On 1 July 1543, the Earl of Arran entered into the Treaty of Greenwich with Henry VIII of England. Under the treaty, Mary was promised to Henry's son, Edward. The union of the thrones of England and Scotland which the treaty envisaged was controversial from the outset: the treaty's Anglo-centric policy was resisted by many who preferred to continue the Auld Alliance with France.
The Secret Bond
On 24 July 1543, when about to remove Mary from Linlithgow Palace to Stirling Castle, the leaders of the Scottish-French party entered into a bond drawn up by Cardinal Beaton in which they pledged themselves to resist the realm being "swbdewit till our awld enymyis of Ingland". The signatories included:
George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell
John Gordon, 11th Earl of Sutherland
William Graham, 3rd Earl of Menteith
John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine
William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven
Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming
William Crichton, 5th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond
John Lyle, 4th Lord Lyle
George Home, 4th Lord Home
William Abernethy, 5th Lord Saltoun
The Master of Lovat
The Master of Forbes
Aftermath
In December 1543, the Treaty of Greenwich was rejected by the Parliament of Scotland. Scotland's rejection of the treaty and its pursuit of a French Alliance led to the Rough Wooing, Henry VIII's attempt to impose his matrimonial policy by force, which lasted until the Treaty of Norham in 1551.
References
Category:16th century in Scotland
Category:16th-century documents
Category:Rough Wooing | {
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Vorwärts Stadium
Vorwärts Stadium, also known as the EK Kammerhofer Arena, is a multi-purpose stadium in Steyr, Austria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of SK Vorwärts Steyr. The stadium holds 6,000 people and was built in 1986.
References
Category:Football venues in Austria
Category:Steyr
Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in Austria
Category:Sports venues in Upper Austria | {
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Hingalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
Hingalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is an assembly constituency in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is reserved for scheduled castes.
Overview
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, 126 Hingalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) (SC) is composed of the following: Hingalganj community development block, and Barunhat Rameshwarpur, Bhabanipur I, Bhabanipur II, Hasnabad, PatliKhanpur gram panchayats of Hasnabad community development block, and Khulna gram panchayat of Sandeshkhali II community development block.
Hingalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 18. Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency).
Members of Legislative Assembly
Election results
2011
In the 2011 election, Ananda Mondal of CPI defeated his nearest rival Debesh Mondol of Trinamool Congress,
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.
candidate name of assembly election 2016
TMC-DEBESH MONDAL
CPI-ANANDAMOY MONDAL
Opinion poll:-Tmc candidate debesh mondal may be win.
2011
In the 2011 assembly elections,[12] Anandamoy mondal of CPI won the 99 Hingalganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Debes Mandal of Trinamool Congress. Debes Mandal lost second time from this assembly.
1977-2006
In the 2006 assembly elections, Gopal Gayen of CPI(M) won the 99 Hingalganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Debes Mandal of Trinamool Congress. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Nripen Gayen of CPI(M) defeated Sourendra Mondal of Trinamool Congress in 2001, Bidyut Kayal of Congress in 1996 and Sankar Roy of Congress in 1991. Sudhanshu Mondal of CPI(M) defeated Aditya Mondal of Congress in 1987 and Amal Krishna Mistry representing Congress in 1982 and representing Janata Party in 1977.
1967-1972
Anil Chandra Mondal of CPI won in 1972. Gopal Chandra Gayen of CPI(M) won in 1971. Hazari Lal Mondal of CPI won in 1969. B.N. Brahmachari of Independent won in 1967. Prior to that the Hingalganj seat was not there.
References
Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal
Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lowell Connector
The Lowell Connector, officially the American Legion Connector Highway, is a short freeway connector in the Massachusetts state highway system that links nearby U.S. Highway 3 and Interstate 495 to downtown Lowell, Massachusetts. The freeway has its southern terminus at US 3 and its northern terminus in downtown Lowell, where it feeds into city streets shortly after an interchange with Route 3A. This alignment, nearly parallel to Massachusetts Route 110, provides much of Lowell with a direct expressway route to the Boston area to the South, and convenient (but slightly roundabout) expressway access to Lowell's eastern and western suburbs by way of Route 3 and 495.
History
Built in the early 1960s and opened on October 24, 1962, the Lowell Connector is located along the re-channelled River Meadow (or Hales) Brook. This alignment minimally affected existing neighborhoods, unlike many urban expressways in the region. Plans to extend the Connector through the city's Back Central neighborhood, up to and along the Concord River, then onward to Lowell's main street, Merrimack Street, were drawn out, but abandoned after they were decided to be too disruptive to one of the oldest parts of the city. This left the highway terminating abruptly at a residential section of Gorham Street.
Another plan circa 1968 had the connector connecting to the planned route of Massachusetts Route 213 in Dracut.
The Connector was officially named for the American Legion on May 20, 1963, a few months after opening; however, signs reflecting this were not posted until November 16, 2010.
Since 1976, the highway has shared its name with the student newspaper at UMass Lowell.
Business Spur
In the mid 1960s, the Connector was designated as Interstate 495 Business Spur. However, there are no records indicating that this designation was ever approved by either the Bureau of Public Roads (now FHWA) or the American Association of State Highway Officials (now AASHTO). Further, the "Business I-495" designation was never posted on any signs for the Lowell Connector exit on I-495, US 3, or on any signs on the Connector mainline itself (verified by a comprehensive review of MassDPW signing plans for I-495, US 3, and the Lowell Connector from the late 1950s to the present), although such signs were posted at one time on local streets intersecting the Connector. The signs on Plain Street (Exit 4) lasted into the 2000s, but have since been removed.
Accidents
The Lowell Connector was recently ranked the most dangerous highway in Massachusetts. Particularly, the measurement is accidents per three miles (5 km) of road—the Connector is three miles (5 km) long. The Connector has many serious design flaws. Until a man drag-racing in November 2005 took the life of a pregnant woman, there were few median strip guard rails. As in this particular accident, a car driving at excessive speed (the posted speed limit is 55) could easily lose control going over one of the poorly paved and steeply-graded underpass bridges. The car would cross into the narrow median, and due to the purposely uneven height difference between the north and southbound lanes, become airborne, landing in (or in this case on) oncoming traffic. Additionally, the Connector has an extremely large number of on and off ramps, and many are very short, sharp, and steep. The weaving situation that exists when the Connector merges or splits Route 3 and 495, within a short distance of the Industrial Avenue exit (exit 3), is particularly notorious, as drivers must weave through three lanes of traffic within just a few car lengths. The Lowell Connector is probably best known for the abrupt and downhill termination onto Gorham Street (exit 5C). A large number of cars have overshot the end of the freeway and crashed into the brick wall of a residential property across the street. Recently, in addition to multiple flashing warning signs giving the exact distance to the end of the road, the terminus now features two flashing (strobe) stoplights, and a metal railing across the intersection protecting the property immediate opposite to the termination. Incidentally, Lowell has one of the lowest incidences of seatbelt use in the Commonwealth.
Exit list
All interchanges were to be renumbered to milepost-based numbers under a project scheduled to start in 2016, however this project was indefinitely postponed by MassDOT until on November 18, 2019, MassDOT announced that this route will not be changing the exit numbers.
References
Category:Freeways in the United States
Category:Interstate 95
Category:Roads in Massachusetts
Category:Transportation in Lowell, Massachusetts
Category:Transportation in Middlesex County, Massachusetts | {
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Christmas with Elvis and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Christmas with Elvis and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (also known as Christmas with Elvis) is a compilation album by American singer Elvis Presley (1935–77). It was released on October 6, 2017, by RCA Records and Legacy Recordings. It is the third album recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, following If I Can Dream (2015) and The Wonder of You (2016), both of which topped the UK Albums Chart. The album features archival vocal recordings of Elvis from the albums Elvis' Christmas Album (1957) and Elvis sings The Wonderful World of Christmas (1971) accompanied by new orchestral arrangements by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. A deluxe edition of the album, which contains four new tracks, was released on November 24, 2017.
Commercial performance
The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Classical Albums chart (for the issue dated October 28, 2017). In the UK, it debuted at number 22 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 3,572 units in its first week. However, it reached a new peak of number six on December 1, 2017, following the release of the deluxe edition. On December 8, 2017, the BPI issued the album with a Silver award for sales in excess of 60.000 copies. On 22 December 2017, the BPI up graded the album to a Gold certification, reflecting sales of over 100.000 copies.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Category:2017 compilation albums
Category:Elvis Presley compilation albums
Category:Christmas compilation albums
Category:2017 Christmas albums
Category:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra albums | {
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Pedomicrobium australicum
Pedomicrobium australicum is a bacterium from the genus of Pedomicrobium.
Further reading
References
Category:Rhizobiales
Category:Bacteria described in 1988 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Bonanza: The Return
Bonanza: The Return is a 1993 made-for-television film sequel to both the 1959–1973 television series Bonanza and the 1988 made-for-television film Bonanza: The Next Generation. The movie was directed by Jerry Jameson and featured noted character actors Ben Johnson, Jack Elam, Dean Stockwell, Linda Gray, and Richard Roundtree.
Production
None of the characters from the original series appears since the entire cast, with the exception of Pernell Roberts and David Canary, were dead. Michael Landon Jr. and Dirk Blocker, sons of the original series' stars, do appear. This film was followed two years later with the TV-movie Bonanza: Under Attack. David Canary, who portrayed Candy Canaday on the original series, was not involved with either TV-movie.
Plot
The setting is The Ponderosa in the year 1905. Augustus Brandenburg (Dean Stockwell), a land baron, attempts to take the Ponderosa first by legal, and then by illegal means, in order to strip the land of its natural resources. The story includes several flashbacks to the original series.
Partial cast
Ben Johnson ... Bronc Evans
Michael Landon Jr. ... 'Benj' Cartwright
Emily Warfield ... Sara Cartwright
Alistair MacDougall ... Adam 'A.C.' Cartwright Jr.
Brian Leckner ... Josh Cartwright
Richard Roundtree ... Jacob Briscoe
Jack Elam ... Buckshot
Dirk Blocker ... Walter Fenster
David Sage ... Miller Swanson
Stewart Moss ... Preston McAdam
Dean Stockwell ... Augustus Brandenburg
Linda Gray ... Abigail 'Laredo' Stimmons
John Ingle ... Judge Jefferson MacKenzie
Archie Lang ... Dr. Green
Richard Fullerton ... Head Surveyor
Charles Gunning ... Otis
References
External links
Category:1990s Western (genre) films
Category:1993 television films
Category:Television sequel films
Category:Television series reunion films
Category:American Western (genre) films
Category:American films
Category:Films directed by Jerry Jameson
Category:Films set in 1905
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KWYB
KWYB, virtual channel 18 (UHF digital channel 19), is a dual ABC/Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Butte, Montana, United States. The station is owned by the Cowles Company. KWYB's studios are located on Harrison Avenue in Butte, and its transmitter is located on XL Heights east of the city.
The station's signal is rebroadcast on low-power translators KWYB-LD (channel 28) in Bozeman and K26ON-D (channel 26) in Deer Lodge.
History
On January 9, 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted an original construction permit to Continental Television Network (CTN) for a full-service station on channel 18 to serve Butte. The station, at first known by its application identification number, 910225KE, soon took the call letters KWYB. The station signed on September 27, 1996.
In February 2001, CTN sold KWYB, along with KWYB-LP in Bozeman, KTMF in Missoula, KTMF-LP in Kalispell and KTGF in Great Falls, to Max Media of Montana. They were the first television station acquisitions in Montana for Max Media.
On September 30, 2013, the Cowles Company acquired Max Media's Montana television station cluster (which, in addition to KWYB and KTMF, included KFBB-TV in Great Falls, KHBB-LD in Helena, and NBC affiliate KULR-TV in Billings) for $18 million. The sale was completed on November 29.
KWYB-LD history
On May 30, 1996, the FCC granted an original construction permit to Louise K. Corbin for a low-power station on channel 28 to serve Bozeman. The station was given callsign K28FB and was quickly built. K28FB was licensed on January 14, 1997. In May 1997, Continental Television Network purchased the station and six months later, changed its calls to KWYB-LP.
In February 2001, CTN sold the station to Max Media of Montana as part of the same transaction as KWYB and participated in the same newscasts as KWYB. KWYB-LD was also included in Cowles' 2013 purchase of Max Media's Montana stations.
Digital television
KWYB digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
On June 14, 2002, the FCC granted a construction permit to build KWYB-DT on UHF channel 19. The station received Special Temporary Authority (STA) on April 22, 2003 to broadcast at reduced power. As of August 2006, the station has not completed its final digital facilities and continues to broadcast per the STA. KWYB has elected to move to channel 19 once the transition to digital television is completed.
KWYB-LD digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
On August 11, 2006, the FCC granted "flash-cut" authorization to KWYB-LD, and on August 11, 2009, analog station KWYB-LP shut down and digital station KWYB-LD commenced broadcasting on channel 28.
KWYB-DT2/KWYB-LD2 (Fox Montana)
Since July 13, 2009, a KWYB subchannel has been carrying Fox programs. Fox is broadcast on digital channel 18.2, and, like 18.1, is available in 720p high definition. Previously, Fox was available on KBTZ analog channel 24. Max Media obtained broadcast rights when Equity Media Holdings filed for bankruptcy, taking KBTZ and a number of other Fox affiliates in the state silent, as the company did not build out digital transmitters before the June 2009 digital transition. Currently, programming from Fox-owned MyNetworkTV is seen in a delayed manner from 11:05 p.m. to 1:05 a.m., and is carried completely unbranded.
News operation
Under Continental Television Network, KWYB (along with its sister stations) aired no local newscasts, but soon after Max Media acquired the stations, they began to make plans for a regional newscast for the stations, to debut in early 2002. They launched the newscast, produced by Independent News Network of Davenport, Iowa and branded Big Sky News, in October 2002, but the newscast generated controversy, in part because it tried to simultaneously serve the needs of five communities over apart, and in part because the newscast did not actually originate in Montana, but rather, in a city approximately , with only one reporter actually assigned to and located in Butte.
Max Media launched another attempt at a regional newscast for KWYB and its other stations in February 2005, this time branded Montana News Network, produced in Great Falls at KFBB-TV. This newscast was subsequently discontinued, and for several years the only local newscast on the station was a ten-minute late newscast, 10@10. , KWYB airs a statewide morning newscast (produced in Billings by KULR-TV) and full early evening and late newscasts, as well as a primetime newscast on its Fox subchannel.
References
External links
Official website
Category:ABC network affiliates
Category:Fox subchannel-only network affiliates
Category:MyNetworkTV subchannel-only affiliates
Category:Cowles Company
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1996
Category:1996 establishments in Montana
Category:Television stations in Butte, Montana | {
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Russ Weeks
Russ Weeks (born May 12, 1942) is a former Republican State Senator from West Virginia the 9th Senatorial District. Weeks was elected in 2002, defeating Senate Judiciary Chairman Bill Wooton. Weeks had not served in public office prior to being elected. He was defeated in 2006. He was the Republican nominee for 2008 West Virginia gubernatorial election.
Born May 12, 1942 to Jeanette Weeks and Russ Weeks, Sr. in Beckley, West Virginia, he is a lifelong resident of the city. He has a sister, Pat W. George RN BSN, and a brother, Tom Weeks. He is married to the former Helen C. Peterson with whom he had two children, Sharon and Russ Weeks III. The couple has three grandchildren.
Weeks did not graduate from public schools, but he began working to help support his mother and siblings. He enlisted in the US Navy and served in Vietnam, commanding a boat in the Mekong Delta.
Returning to Beckley, he became a leader in the Right to Life organization. This advocacy spurred his interest in seeking public office. Weeks won the 2002 election.
Russ Weeks (R) 9,982
Bill Wooton (D) 9,340
His committees once included: Judiciary, Government Organization, Health and Human Resources,
Military, Energy, Industry and Mining, and Agriculture.
Weeks was defeated for re-election in November 2006 by Democrat Mike Green.
In January 2008 it was learned that Weeks was planning to challenge incumbent Governor Joe Manchin in the 2008 election. Russ became the Republican nominee and lost the general election to Manchin.
See also
List of members of the 77th West Virginia Senate
2008 West Virginia gubernatorial election
External links
West Virginia Legislature
References
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:American naval personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:Military personnel from West Virginia
Category:People from Beckley, West Virginia
Category:West Virginia Republicans
Category:West Virginia state senators
Category:United States Navy sailors | {
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Ludger Pistor
Ludger Pistor (born 16 March 1959) is a German actor born in Recklinghausen.
Career
Ludger Pistor has played many roles in numerous German-language films and TV productions. He has also appeared in English-language films including the Academy Award-winning Schindler's List and the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale as the Swiss banker Mendel.
Filmography
References
External links
Official Homepage
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Herten
Category:German male film actors
Category:German male television actors
Category:20th-century German male actors
Category:21st-century German male actors
Category:People from Recklinghausen | {
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Pangaimotu
Pangaimotu may refer to two islands in Tonga:
Pangaimotu (Vavaʻu)
Pangaimotu (Tongatapu) | {
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Enrique Rettberg
Enrique Rettberg (born 12 August 1918) is an Argentine fencer. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1918 births
Category:Possibly living people
Category:Argentine male fencers
Category:Argentine épée fencers
Category:Olympic fencers of Argentina
Category:Fencers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Argentine male modern pentathletes
Category:Pan American Games medalists in modern pentathlon
Category:Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Category:Fencers at the 1951 Pan American Games | {
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Aleksino, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast
Aleksino () is a rural locality (a village) in Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Vladimir Oblast | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mount Pleasant, Bergen County, New Jersey
Mount Pleasant is an unincorporated community located within Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
References
Category:Saddle River, New Jersey
Category:Unincorporated communities in Bergen County, New Jersey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lobe (surname)
Lobe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adolf Lobe (1860–1939), German jurist and member of the Reichstag in the Weimar Republic
Bill Lobe (1912–1969), American baseball player and coach
Jim Lobe (born 1949), American journalist
Kārlis Lobe (1895–1985), Latvian collaborationist with the Nazis
Mira Lobe (1913–1995), Austrian author
Robert Lawrance Lobe (born 1945), American sculptor
Category:German-language surnames | {
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Scribner Mountain
Scribner Mountain is a summit located in Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Hope northwest of the hamlet of Hope Falls.
References
Category:Mountains of Hamilton County, New York
Category:Mountains of New York (state) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Walter "Salty Walt" Askew
REDIRECT Salty Walt & the Rattlin' Ratlines | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Illipah Formation
The Illipah Formation is a geologic formation in Utah. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Utah
Paleontology in Utah
References
Category:Carboniferous geology of Utah
Category:Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ken Yeang
Ken Yeang (6 October 1948) is an architect, ecologist, planner and author from Malaysia, best known for his ecological architecture and ecomasterplans that have a distinctive green aesthetic. He pioneered an ecology-based architecture (since 1971), working on the theory and practice of sustainable design. The Guardian newspaper (2008) named him "one of the 50 people who could save the planet".[ 1] Yeang's headquarters is in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) as Hamzah & Yeang, with offices in London (UK) as Llewelyn Davies Ken Yeang Ltd. and Beijing (China) as North Hamzah Yeang Architectural and Engineering Company.
Biography
Formative Years
Born in Penang, Malaysia, he attended Penang Free School (1961-1962) and entered Cheltenham College (Gloucestershire,1962-1967).[2]
He qualified in architecture from the AA (Architectural Association) School of Architecture (London) where he did freelance illustrations and graphic work for the AD, AAQ magazines and for the AA. His dissertation at Cambridge University, "A Theoretical Framework for Incorporating Ecological Considerations in the Design and Planning of the Built Environment" earned him a PhD, published as ‘Designing With Nature’ (McGraw-Hill, 1995)[2] and as 'Proyectar Con La Naturaleza’ (Gustavo Gili, SA, 1999). Academically, he holds the Distinguished Plym Professor chair (University of Illinois, USA, 2005). His honorary degrees include D.Litt.(Hon.) (Sheffield University, UK 2004), PhD (Hon.) (University of Malaya, 2013), D. Arch (Hon.) (Universidad Ricardo Palma, Peru 2016), D.Sc (Hon.) (Taylors University, Malaysia 2017).
Yeang attended courses on ecology (Department of Environmental Biology at Cambridge University), partial attendance in ecological landuse planning (Department of Landscape Architecture, University Pennsylvania, under Ian McHarg). These provided the ecological basis for Yeang’s work and work on his biodiversity and ecomimcry approach to ecological architecture and masterplanning, joining the British Ecological Society in 1975. Other courses attended includes business management at the Malaysian Institute of Management, the Singapore Institute of Management and a short course at Harvard Business School.
Professional Career
He is registered as an architect with ARB (Architects Registration Board) (UK, 1972), RIBA (Royal Institute of Architects) (UK), PAM (Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia), and Singapore Institute of Architects (SIA). He is a Fellow of the SIA, Fellow (Hon.) of the AIA (American institute of Architects), Fellow (Hon.) of the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, and Fellow (Hon.) Wolfson College, Cambridge University.
Yeang interned at S.T.S. Leong (Singapore, 1969–70), worked at Louis de Soisson Partnership (1969), Akitek Bersekutu (Kuala Lumpur,1974) and joined fellow AA alumni, Tengku Datuk Robert Hamzah as T. R. Hamzah & Rakan-Rakan)[3] (1975) which became T. R . Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd. (1976). Yeang also served as Design Director and Chairman for Llewelyn Davies Ken Yeang (UK, 2005) until it was dissolved in 2012 .
Yeang has completed over 12 bioclimatic eco high-rise buildings, several thousand dwellings (terraced houses), over two million sq. ft. interior design space, numerous eco-masterplans and eco-city designs.
Yeang lectures extensively at conferences and schools of architecture (over 30 countries worldwide). He currently holds the Distinguished Plym Professorship chair (University of Illinois). He has been Professor of Practice (Texas A & M University0, Graham Willis Professor (University of Sheffield), Provost’s Distinguished Visiting Scholar (University of Southern California), Visiting Eminent Scholar (Florida Atlantic University), Advisory Professor (Tongji University, Shanghai), Honorary Professor (University of Hong Kong), misc. Adjunct Professorships (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, University of Hawaii, University of New South Wales, Curtin University, University of Malaya, Deakin University),
Yeang served as Board Member of public listed MBf Property Unit Trust, the Malaysian Institute of Architects Education Fund, Advisory Board of the Government of Malaysia’s Genovasi (2013), President of the Malaysian Institute of Architects, Chairman ARCASIA (Asian Council of Architects), Vice-President Commonwealth Association of Architects and Council Member RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects).
His key built work include the Roof-Roof House (Malaysia), Menara Mesiniaga (IBM franchise) (Malaysia), National Library Singapore (Singapore), Solaris (with CPG Consult, Singapore), Spire Edge Tower (with Abraxas Architects, India), DiGi Data Centre (Malaysia), Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Extension (under Llewelyn Davies Yeang, UK), the Genome Research Building (Hong Kong with ALKF & Associates), Suasana Putrajaya (Putrajaya, 2017).
Work on Ecological Design
Yeang's research and technical work is in ecological architecture and masterplanning, establishing the formal basis for design, focussing on the biointegration of the human-made with nature, creating hybrid systems as ‘constructed ecosystems’. His work adopts bioclimatic design (climate-responsive passive low-energy) as a subset to ecological design, providing for him an underlying armature for ecological design. The approach also engenders critical regionalist features where climatic responses provide the links to its locality.
A key project is Yeang’s own house, the 'Roof-Roof' House (1985) which is his early experimental bioclimatic built work. The dwelling has an identifiable curved louvred umbrella-like upper roof-structure that functions as a solar-filtering device and device that shades the building's lower roof terrace. Its side 'wind wing-walls' directs wind into the dining area. The swimming pool on the east functions as an evaporative-cooling device bring in the predominantly easterly breeze into the adjoining internal living spaces. The many features make the building an instructive reference prototype for his subsequent work on climate-responsive and ecological architecture. Influences can be further found in Yeang's later building and planning work. Yeang applied the bioclimatic passive-mode principles to the high-rise tower typology. Contending that the high-rise tower as an intensive built form will not go away overnight because of its existent economic basis arising from high urban land values and ability to accommodate rapid urban growth. He sought ecologically benign ways to make this built form green and humane to inhabit. Professor Udo Kulterman (Washington University) credits him as the inventor of the 'bioclimatic skyscraper',
The Mesiniaga Tower (an IBM Franchise, 1992) brought together earlier experimental bioclimatic ideas in a single built form, such as the placement of the elevator core as a solar buffers to the tower's hot sides, placement of toilets and stairwells with natural ventilation opportunities, adopting various solar-path shaped sun-shades, use of an evaporative-cooling pool at the uppermost level, the overhead louvred canopy as a framework for future PV cells, and the vegetated and stepped façade and recessed sky-terraces as interstitial semi-enclosed spaces for building's users. This building as a prototype received several awards including the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (1993), The Malaysian Institute of Architects Award, the Singapore Institute of Architects Award, The Royal Australian Institute of Architects Award and a citation from the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
The Solaris building (Singapore, 2008) brought together his ideas on ecological architecture with a continuous landscaped ramp and other experimental devices. His ideas for an urban park-in-the-sky in the high-rise building type is manifested as a 'vertical linear park' in his Solaris Building (2011) at 1-North Singapore that is a benchmark building in his green agenda for designing buildings asbiointgratin with nature. The building has an ecologically-linked vegetated pedestrian walkway ramp that is 1.3 km in length as a 'vertical linear park', punctuated by sky garden terraces located at each of the building's corners, further linked to a mid-level and to the uppermost-level roof gardens.
His work on biodiversity and systemic biointegrattion were implemented in the Suasana Putrajaya (Putrajaya, 2017) based on a 'biodiversity targets matrix' originally proposed for the GyeonGi Masterplan (Seoul, Korea).
The Solaris' vertical linear park device led to his concept of the continuous 'green eco-infrastructure', a device that enables a vital ecological nexus between the built form and its surrounding landscape, bioregion and its hinterland, that became habitats and a crucial biodiversity and wildlife corridor in all his subsequent masterplanning and eco-city design work (e.g. the SOMA Masterplan in Bangalore, India) and in his architecture (e.g. the Spire Edge Tower, in Gurgaon, India, completion c. 2015). This green eco-infrastructure concept led to his developing a unifying platform for eco-masterplanning as the weaving together of 'four sets of eco-infrastructures' into a unified system.
Yeang work on the high-rise typology as 'vertical green urbanism' (c.1990’s) sought to reinvent the skyscraper as 'vertical urban design'.[4] His ideas invert the high-rise typology as a 'city-in-the-sky', first exemplified in the National Library Singapore (2005). The building features large 40m high 'public realms-in-the sky' as verdantly landscaped 'skycourt gardens', a ground plane as an 'open-to-the-sky' plaza for public festivals and culture-related activities. The thickened first floor slab over the plaza functions bioclimatically as an evaporative-cooling mass to the public realm below. Multiple upper-level sky-bridges link the building's two blocks (one containing the book collections and the other shaped block for programming activities. The naturally-ventilated atrium between the blocks has a ventilating louvred canopy that serves as its 'fifth facade'. There are two multi-volume reading rooms are located at either sides. At the uppermost roof is a promontory viewing pod. The building's built form has an organic geometry in his on-going explorations to derive an ecological aesthetic (see below). The building received Singapore’s BCA Green Mark Platinum rating.
Yeang worked on the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Extension (London, UK) (completed 2011) as a green healthcare facility in a temperate climate. The building has a mixed-mode flue-wall providing natural ventilation during the mid-seasons to the Walt Disney operated ground floor Café, a sedum-planted roof, with various low energy building systems (CHP, etc.), use of green materials, etc. The building is BREEAM rated 'excellent'.
His work on the development of a 'platform' for eco-masterplaning and designing eco-cities regards designing the built environment as 'a living system' that is both interactive and functional through the bio-integration of the 'four eco-infrastructural armatures' into an overall coherent system The approach provides an indeterminate framework enabling inclusivity of changing complex factors and technologies in a flexibility that allows for technological obsolescence while encouraging innovation.[5]
A theoretical rigorousness underpins his work. His earlier Cambridge doctoral dissertation (1975) presents a unifying comprehensive theoretical model for eco-design defining the prime factors in eco-design in four sets of interdependent 'environmental interactions', assembled in a mathematical 'partitioned-matrix'. This theoretical model continues to serve as the underlying guiding framework for his present eco-architecture and eco-masterplanning work.
The impact of Yeang's work on architecture is based on his patterns of biointegration of biotic constituents with the inorganic structure of the built environment. The approach involves creating viable habitats within the development and then matching these with selected native fauna species whether for feeding, breeding or refuge to enhance local biodiversity. These are matched with selected flora species in a composite 'biodiversity matrix '. This endeavour takes eco-design beyond accreditation systems, likely as the next stage in green design, redefining the relationship of the built systems with the ecology of the landscape, enabling a higher level of bio-integration.
In Yeang's oeuvre of design, built and theoretical work, his most important and instructive contribution is his advancing the macro ecology-based landuse planning approach of the landscape architect Ian McHarg and in extending and articulating this from its macro urban regional scale to the micro level of architectural design at the scale of the built form using his biointegation patterns. This was an endeavour that McHarg had sought to do but unable likely limited by being a landscape architect.
His recent work explores the concept of 'eco-mimicry' as designing the built environment as constructed ecosystems that emulates the processes, structure and attributes of ecosystems. ‘Eco-mimicry’ is a concept he first used in his papers on the use of biological analogies in design in Yeang, K.(1972), Bases for Ecosystem Design, in Architectural Design, Architectural Press, London (1973)), and in Yeang, K. (1974), Bionics: The Use of Biological Analogies in Design, in AAQ No.4 (Architectural Association Quarterly), London, UK, The ideas can also be found in, Learning From Nature: The Ecomimicry Project (Marchall, Alex, poster paper, Environmental Education conference, Western Australia (2006). The term 'eco-mimicry' is regarded by Yeang as an outgrowth from the ‘bio-mimicry’ and 'eco-mimetics'. Yeang's eco-mimicry refers to physical, structural and systemic mimicry of ecosystems, and not to be mistaken with a simplistic 'visual' mimicry which he regards as superficial.
Many regard Yeang’s work as simply placing vegetation in his builtforms or as just creating an ecological nexus (continuous link) within his builtforms to enhance local biodiversity. Yeang’s work does much more than the addition of greenery and landscaping in his builtforms. The unique factor is involves the creation of new habitats within and around the development, matching of selected native species with these constructed habitats, setting their ‘biodiversity targets’ to achieve the expected level of biodiversity and providing physical conditions within these habitats to enable the selected species to survive over the seasons of the year. His built work become more than just ‘vertically-landscaped architecture’ but are in effect constructed ‘living systems’.[6] This differentiates his work from others who imitate his work by just placement of planting within their builtforms.
Recognition and awards
Hamzah & Yeang's design and built work have been recognised by the over 70 awards received since 1989 that include the:
Aga Khan Award for Architecture (for the Menara Mesiniaga, an IBM franchise)
Prince Claus Award (Netherlands, 1999)
The UIA (International Union of Architects) Auguste Perret Award
Several Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) annual design awards
The WACA (World Association of Chinese Architects) Gold Medals (for the Solaris Building, 2011 and for the National Library Singapore)
The Holcim Regional Award for Sustainability (Switzerland) (for the Putrajaya Phase 2C5 building, Malaysia, 2011),
His personal awards include:
• Liangsicheng Prize (2017), Architectural Society China
• Greenseal Award (BCA, Singapore, 2016)
PAM (Malaysia Institute of Architects) Gold Medal
• UIA Auguste Perret Award
Government of Malaysia’s ‘Darjah Mulia Pangkuan Negeri (DMPN) Award (that carries the official title of ‘Dato’ (2003) generally regarded as the Malaysian equivalent of the UK’s OBE)
Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (USA)
Merdeka Award (for the 'environment' category, 2011) from the Government of Malaysia, regarded as its national equivalent of the Nobel prize.
5. Ecological Aesthetic.
Yeang pursuit of eco-architecture and eco-masterplanning theories, concepts and ideas have been carried out in parallel with an exploration for an 'ecological aesthetic', in questioning "...What a green building and masterplan should look like?"
Yeang contends that an ecological architectural aesthetic should resemble a living system, looking natural, verdant and hirsute with nature and its processes visible in the bio-integration of the synthetic builtform's physical constituents (abiotic) with the native fauna, flora (the biotic constituents) and the environmental biological processes of the land. He contends that much of existent architecture and masterplans that lay claim by other elsewhere to be sustainable are simply commonly-styled or iconically-styled builtforms stuffed internally with eco-engineering gadgetry and with occasional vegetation in its upper open courts. Yeang contends that an eco-architecture and an eco-city should be 'alive' as a living system, analogous to a constructed ecosystem and not 'de-natured' nor look predominantly inorganic, artificial and synthetic. He adopts these assertions as the basis for his eco-architecture.
Yeang contends that eco-architecture and eco-masterplans demand their own identifiable 'style'. It is this distinctive green vegetated eco-aesthetic in Yeang's architecture and masterplans that brought international attention to his work. His eco-aesthetic does not have the shape or form that in any way resemble existent architectural styles. This aesthetic is an independent aesthetic that encompasses eco-design holistically and which comes from an interpretation, an understanding and the inclusion of ecological constituents and processes of its locality in its built form. This can be regarded as an emergent ecological aesthetic, where its shapes and forms have a nexus with adjoining ecosystems, which harmonise with the site's ecology, enhance local biodiversity, besides having other eco performance features such denying negative consequences, avert polluting emissions, be more energy and water efficient and carbon neutral than conventional buildings, and other eco-design attributes. He sees the eco-architecture as designed like a 'constructed living system'. Lord Norman Foster of Thames Bank refers to Yeang's eco-aesthetics, "Ken Yeang has developed a distinctive architectural vocabulary that extends beyond questions of style to confront issues of sustainability and how we can build in harmony of the natural world." (2011).
Yeang's work in his relentless pursuit of an original bio-integrated 'ecological aesthetic' can be regarded as Yeang's other contribution to this field.
Key Projects
Yeang has completed over 200 built projects since 1975. His benchmark buildings, projects and their innovations include:
The EDITT Tower (unbuilt) – Waterloo Road, Singapore – a 2ndn prize winner, EDITT competition.
The project has been published in over 30 international publications for its hirsute extensively-vegetated ramp façade and aesthetic.
The Roof Roof House – Selangor, Malaysia (1985) – an experimental climate-responsive house that rethought bioclimatic passive-mode low-energy building design.
Menara Mesiniaga Tower – Selangor, Malaysia (1992) – a climate-responsive tower that exemplifies Yeang’s key principles for 'bioclimatic skyscraper' design, and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the RAIA (Royal Australian Institute of Architects) International Award, the Malaysian institute of Architects Design Award.
Kowloon Waterfront Masterplan – Hong Kong (c. 1998) – a green masterplan where Yeang developed the green eco infrastructure concept and the novel use of 'eco cells'.
National Library – Singapore (2005) – a green library tower (120m) with large landscaped sky courts (40m high) that received the BCA Green Mark Platinum Award 2005, and the Singapore Institute of Architects Award.
SOMA Masterplan – Bangalore, India (2006) – a signature eco masterplan that espouses his innovative idea for eco city masterplanning as the integration of four eco infrastructures, with the use of eco bridges and eco undercrofts to enable an ecological nexus across the terrain.
DiGi Technical Office – Shah Alam, Malaysia (2010) – advances the idea of a 'living' eco wall as a nexus of greenery linking all the facades. It received the Malaysian Institute of Architects Design Award (Commendation, 2010) and Green Building Index Gold rating.
Solaris Tower – 1-north, Singapore (2010) [with CPG Consult]- with a 1.5 km long 'Vertical Linear Park' vegetated ramp that wraps itself around the tower's façade, a diagonal light-shaft, automated glass-louvers roof over the atrium, rain-check walls at the ground floor, which received the Singapore Institute of Architects Award (2011), the Malaysian institute of Architects Gold Award 2011, the WACA (World Association of Chinese Architects) Gold Medal 2011 and BCA Green Mark Platinum rating.
Spire Edge Tower – (Gurgaon, Haryana, India), under construction with anticipated completion 2013, a signature tower that espouses the idea of a vertical green eco infrastructure, LEED Platinum rating.
Ganendra Art House – Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (2011) – Art Gallery with accommodation for live-in artist has an experimental 'down-draft' ventilating flue for enhancing comfort cooling, received the Malaysian Institute of Architects Design Award (Commendation) 2010, Green Building Index certification rating.
The Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Extension Phase 1 (2011) [with Llewelyn Davies Yeang] – London, UK, BREEAM 'excellent rating'
GyeongGi Development, Seoul, Korea (unbuilt) – habitat creation that exemplifies the use of a Biodiversity Matrix that makes the development into a total 'living system'..
Projects (construction completion year)
Plaza Atrium, Kuala Lumpur, 1981
Roof-Roof house, Kuala Lumpur 1985
Menara Boustead, Kuala Lumpur, 1986
Menara Mesiniaga, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, 1992
MBF Tower, Penang, Malaysia,1993
TA1 Tower, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
TTDI The Plaza and Residence Towers and retail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia1996
UMNO Tower, Penang, 1998
Mutiara Mesiniaga Penang, Penang, 2003
Mewah Oils Headquarters, Malaysia 2005
National Library of Singapore, Singapore, 2005
Limkokwing University of Creative Technology (Main campus, Cyberjaya), Malaysia, 2006
TA2 Tower, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2005
Ganendra Art House, Malaysia, 2010
Calvary Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2012
Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Extension Phase 1, London (UK) 2011)
LGT Hijauan Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Completion 2018)
Fu Gong Shan, Johore, Malaysia (2016)
Other projects
Tokyo-Nara Tower, Tokyo, Japan, 1994
Elephant and Castle EcoTower, London
Al-Asima, Kuwait
CAAG Tower, London
Enterprise Building 4, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Jabal Omar Towers, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Dubai Towers, UAE
Beijing Mega Hall North
Taipei Capital Plaza
Chongging Tower, China
Vancouver Waterfront, Canada
Premier City, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Current projects under construction
Putrajaya Phase 2C5 Towers (offices and retail) (Completion 2016)
Y Cantonments, Penang, Malaysia (2015)
Publications
1995 Designing With Nature: The Ecological Basis for Architectural Design, Mcgraw-Hill Designing with Nature
1997 Skyscraper, Bioclimatically Considered: A Design Primer, Wiley-Academy Skyscraper-Bioclimatically-Considered
2000 The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings, Prestel
2002 Reinventing the Skyscraper: A Vertical Theory of Urban Design, Academy Press
2007 Eco Skyscrapers, Images Publishing
2008 Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design, Wiley
2009 EcoMasterplanning, Wiley
2011 Ecoarchitecture: The Work of Ken Yeang, Ecoarchitecture
Sources
Hart, Sara, Ecoarchitecture – The Work of Ken Yeang, John Wiley & Sons (2011), UK
Powell, Robert Rethinking the Skyscraper: the complete architecture of Ken Yeang, Thames & Hudson (1999),
Footnotes
External links
Website of T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd.
Biography and interview with Ken Yeang, and an image gallery of his work. CNN, July 2007
Interview with Ken Yeang 2009(Video)
2009 Green Source Magazine Article on Solaris, Singapore
Category:Malaysian architects
Category:Alumni of Wolfson College, Cambridge
Category:Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Category:Architects of Chinese descent
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Skyscraper architects | {
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Ivan Ivanov (badminton)
Ivan Dobrev Ivanov ()(born February 19, 1966) is a retired male badminton player from Bulgaria.
Career
Ivanov competed in badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics in men's singles. He lost in the first round to Deepankar Bhattacharya, of India, 15-4, 15-1.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Bulgarian male badminton players
Category:Badminton players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic badminton players of Bulgaria
Category:1966 births
Category:Sportspeople from Stara Zagora | {
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Anna Winger
Anna Winger (born 1970) is an American writer who lives in Berlin, Germany. She is creator of the television drama Deutschland 83 and author of the novel This Must Be the Place (Riverhead). Her personal essays have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Condé Nast Traveler, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and Süddeutsche Zeitung. Winger's radio series for NPR Worldwide, Berlin Stories, is a literary archive about the city. It has been on the air since 2009. She speaks English, Spanish and German, but always writes in English.
Early life and education
Winger was born Anna LeVine. She was raised in Kenya, Massachusetts and Mexico. She has written about her time in Mexico for Condé Nast Traveler.
She was educated at Columbia University in New York.
Career
Before she started writing, Winger worked as a professional photographer for more than a decade.
Before 2002, Winger lived in New York and her husband Joerg Winger lived in Cologne. In 2002, they moved to Berlin, Germany.
Winger's Deutschland 83, a television drama which she co-created with her husband Joerg, broadcast on Sundance TV (USA) in June 2015 and on RTL (Germany) in November and December 2015. The 8-episode series, about a young East German spy on an undercover mission to West Germany in 1983, had its world premiere when the first two episodes were shown at the 2015 Berlin Film Festival. Winger wrote the series in English, but it was shot in German. It is the first German-language series to be shown on American television.
Winger's first novel, This Must Be the Place, was published in 2008 by Riverhead Books.
She is currently developing a television series for BBCAmerica, a darkly comic family drama set in contemporary Berlin. She is also working on a second novel that takes place in Mexico, where she lived growing up.
References
External links
Berlin Stories of NPR
Berlinale press announcement
Interview Interview about Berlin and writing between languages (blog)
Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:American women novelists
Category:The New York Times writers
Category:American radio producers
Category:Columbia University alumni
Category:20th-century American novelists
Category:20th-century American women writers
Category:Novelists from New York (state)
Category:American women non-fiction writers
Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers | {
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Spectators (album)
Spectators (1999) is the fourth full album of the German synthpop duo Wolfsheim. As with all of their commercially available albums, this album is bilingual, although most tracks are in English. Four singles were released from this album: "Once in a Lifetime", "It's Hurting for the First Time", "Künstliche Welten" and "Sleep Somehow".
The disc debuted at #2 on the German album charts.
Track listing
All songs written by Wolfsheim
"It's Hurting for the First Time" (English)
"Künstliche Welten" (German; "Artificial Worlds")
"Touch" (English)
"Blind" (English)
"Once in a Lifetime" (English)
"Sleep Somehow" (English)
"For You" (English)
"Read the Lines" (English)
"I Don't Love You Anymore" (English)
"Heroin, She Said" (English)
"E" (Instrumental)
External links
Wolfsheim official site (bilingual)
Category:1999 albums
Category:Wolfsheim (band) albums | {
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Clearwater, Missouri
Clearwater is an unincorporated community in Saline Township in Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately fifteen miles southwest of Sainte Genevieve on Missouri Supplemental Route W.
History
Clearwater was named by the town's first postmaster, J. C. Nations, for Clearwater, Florida, where his cousin lived. The town on the west coast of Florida, near Tampa, is now known as Clearwater Harbor.
A post office was established at Clearwater in 1929, and remained in operation until 1981.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri
Category:Unincorporated communities in Missouri | {
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Battle of Larissa
The Battle of Larissa was a military engagement between the armies of the Byzantine Empire and the Italo-Norman County of Apulia and Calabria. On 3 November 1082, the Normans besieged the city of Larissa. In July of the following year, Byzantine reinforcements attacked the blockading force, harassing it with mounted archers and spreading discord among its ranks through diplomatic techniques. The demoralized Normans were forced to break off the siege.
Background
The Normans first arrived in Southern Italy in 1015 from northern France and served local Lombard lords as mercenaries against the Byzantine Empire. As they were paid with lands, soon they were powerful enough to challenge Papal authority; in 1054, they defeated the Pope at the Battle of Civitate, forcing him to acknowledge their authority. In 1059, the Pope made Robert Guiscard, of the Hauteville family, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. However, most of Apulia and Calabria were in Byzantine hands, and Sicily was in Saracen hands.
By 1071, Robert, together with his brother Roger, had taken over the last Byzantine stronghold in Italy, Bari. By the next year, they conquered all of Sicily, ending the Islamic Emirate of Sicily. In 1073, the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII sent an envoy to Robert offering the hand of his son Constantine to Robert's daughter Helena. Guiscard accepted the offer and sent his daughter to Constantinople. However, in 1078, Michael was overthrown by Nicephorus Botaneiates, an event that destroyed any chances Helena had for the throne. This gave Robert a motive to invade the empire claiming his daughter had been mistreated; however, his intervention was delayed by a revolt in Italy.
Robert conscripted all men of a fighting age into the army, which he refitted. Meanwhile, he sent an ambassador to the Byzantine court with orders to demand proper treatment for Helena and to win over the Domestic of the Schools, Alexios Komnenos. The results of these attempts remain unknown, but the ambassador fell under Alexios's charm and as he was returning to Italy, he heard of Alexios's successful coup against Botaneiates, by which he became emperor.
When the ambassador returned, he urged Robert to make peace, claiming that Alexios wanted nothing but friendship with the Normans. Robert had no intention of peace; he sent his son Bohemond with an advance force towards Greece and Bohemond landed at Aulon, with Robert following shortly after.
On 18 October 1081, the Byzantines under Alexios suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Historian Jonathan Harris states that the defeat was "every bit as severe as that at Manzikert." Alexios lost about 5,000 of his men, including most of the Varangians. Norman losses are unknown, but John Haldon claims they too were substantial as both wings broke and fled. Historian Robert Holmes states: "The new knightly tactic of charging with the lance couched – tucked firmly under the arm to unite the impact of man and horse – proved a battle-winner.
George Palaiologos had not been able to re-enter the city after the battle and left with the main force. The defense of the citadel was left to the Venetians, while the city itself was left to the Count of the Tent mobilizing from Arbanon (i.e., ἐξ Ἀρβάνων ὁρμωμένω Κομισκόρτη; the term Κομισκόρτη is short for κόμης της κόρτης meaning "Count of the Tent").
In February 1082, Dyrrhachium fell after a Venetian or Amalfitan citizen opened the gates to the Normans. The Norman army proceeded to take most of northern Greece without facing much resistance. While Guiscard was in Kastoria, messengers arrived from Italy, bearing news that Apulia, Calabria, and Campania were in revolt. He also learned that the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, was at the gates of Rome and besieging Pope Gregory VII, a Norman ally. Alexios had negotiated with Henry and given him 360,000 gold pieces in return for an alliance. Henry responded by invading Italy and attacking the Pope. Guiscard rushed to Italy, leaving Bohemond in command of the army in Greece.
Alexios, desperate for money, ordered the confiscation of all the church's treasure. With this money, Alexios mustered an army near Thessalonica and went to fight Bohemond. However, Bohemond defeated Alexios in two battles: one near Arta and the other near Ioannina. This left Bohemond in control of Macedonia and nearly all of Thessaly.
Battle
On 3 November 1082, Bohemond advanced from his encampment in Trikala to lay siege to the city of Larissa. Next to nothing is known about the course of the siege or the city's fortifications. Larissa's governor Leo Kephalas, an experienced officer, sent a letter to Alexios requesting urgent assistance six months into the siege (April 1083), as the siege had begun to take its toll on the defenders. The Byzantines then resorted to organizing a plot within the Norman army, spearheaded by the officers Peter of Aulps, Renaldus, and William, who were accused of attempting to defect. In the early winter of 1082, Alexios managed to obtain a mercenary force of 7,000 soldiers from the Seljuq Turkish sultan Suleiman ibn Qutulmish. The contingent was led by a general named Kamyres.
Alexios continued to raise troops in Constantinople, while in late 1082 the Patriarch of Jerusalem Euthymius was sent to Thessalonica, where he mustered an additional force and attempted to broker a deal with the Normans. In March 1083, Alexios departed from Constantinople at the head of an army which marched towards Larissa. The army advanced through the narrow Tempe Valley, camping at Plabitza on the bank of the Peneius.
The Byzantines avoided a direct engagement with the Normans, passing south-west of Larissa and arriving at Trikala in early April, without encountering any resistance. Byzantine scouts managed to apprehend a local man, who provided them with crucial information about the topography of the areas surrounding Larissa. The poor morale and lack of military experience of the Byzantine troops necessitated the use of guile to defeat the Normans. A day later, the generals Nikephoros Melissenos and Basil Kourtikios approached Larissa from the east while bearing the imperial standard. In the account of John Zonaras Alexios' brother Adrian commands this decoy force wearing imperial garb leading the Normans to believe that they have engaged the main force under the command of the emperor. Following a brief engagement the Byzantines made a feigned retreat, leading the unsuspecting Normans to a place called Lykostomion (Wolf's Mouth), where Alexios awaited with a unit of elite cavalry. Bohemond and the Count of Brienne's cavalry charged towards the imperial standard. When a small force of peltasts (light infantry) and mounted archers began to harass them from another direction, Brienne's cavalry turned their attention towards them. Suffering casualties, the cavalrymen broke off the engagement. Meanwhile, Behemond had established his camp on the river islet of Salabria, eating grapes (pointing out that the engagement probably happened in late July). The following day, the Turkish and "Sarmatian" (probably Pecheneg) mounted archers returned, this time raiding Bohemond's camp. The Normans decided to stand their ground and formed a phalanx. Panic ensued when the Norman flag bearer was killed, prompting their retreat to Trikala.
Aftermath
Discord continued to spread in the Norman army, as its officers demanded two and half years worth of payment arrears, a sum Bohemond did not possess. The bulk of the Norman army returned to the coast and sailed back to Italy, leaving only a small garrison at Kastoria.
Alexios granted the Venetians a commercial colony in Constantinople, as well as exemption from trading duties in return for their renewed aid. They responded by recapturing Dyrrhachium and Corfu and returning them to the Byzantine Empire. These victories returned the Empire to its previous status quo and marked the beginning of the Komnenian restoration.
See also
Feint
Footnotes
References
Comnena, Anna (translated by E. R. A. Sewter). The Alexiad. London: Penguin Books, 1996, .
Category:1080s in the Byzantine Empire
Category:1083 in Europe
Category:11th century in Greece
Larissa
Larissa
Larissa 1083
Larissa 1083
Larissa
Category:Medieval Thessaly
Category:History of Larissa | {
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José de Rico
José de Rico (full name José Manuel León Hierro born in Barcelona, Spain in 1982) is a Spanish DJ, producer and songwriter.
Biography
He worked in the Spanish electronic and dance music station Loca FM for 5 years gaining media coverage and a big following. He started producing for his own with a distinctive unique style starting 2009. Affiliated with "Roster Music", he has collaborated with a number of artists in Spain and internationally and considered one of the major Spanish DJs and producers. He mixed more than 100 tracks since 2009 and taken part in many music festivals.
His fame and international recognition increased after collaboration with Dominican reggaeton, house, Latin and dance act Henry Mendez with two charting hits "Te fuiste", "Rayos de sol" and "Noche de estrellas", hits in Spain and eventually internationally. According to PROMUSICAE, "Rayos de sol" was the third biggest single in Spain in 2012. According to the same year-end chart, "Noche de estrellas" was the 43rd best selling single.
Discography
Singles
Featured in
Other productions
(Selective)
2008: "Come with Me" - Iñaki Santos & Jose de Rico (remix)
2009: "Maiara" - Dario Nuñez & Jose de Rico
2009: "La Colegiala" - Corleone Brazini, Jason Tregebov & Jose de Rico
2009: "Bulgaria" - Miklov (Victor Magan & Jose de Rico remix)
2009: "Ready" - Josepo feat Adri (Victor Magan & Jose de Rico remix)
2009: "Una Rosa" - Juan Magan (Victor Magan & Jose de Rico remix)
2009: "Scratch" - Rafa Peralta (Jose de Rico)
2010: "Bata Bata" - Jason Tregebov & Jose de Rico (remix)
2010: "It's Worth It" (Jose de Rico feat. Estela Martin)
2010: "Eligibo" - Dario Nuñez feat. Samantha (Jose de Rico remix)
2010: "Let's Dance" - Victor Magan & Jason Tregebov feat Estela Martin (Jose de Rio & Gio Lopez remix)
2010: "Bocachica" - Jose de Rico feat. Fernando Vidal
2010: "Wekelee" - Dario Nuñez & Jose AM feat. Henry Mendez (Jose de Rico From Stars remix)
References
External links
Jose de Rico on Last.fm
Category:Spanish record producers
Category:Spanish DJs
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Barcelona | {
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Jagatsinghpur
Jagatsinghpur is a town and a municipality in Jagatsinghpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also the headquarters of Jagatsinghpur district. It got the recognition as a new district on 1 April 1993. Paradip Port, Oil refinery and fertilizer factory are located in Jagatsinghpur district. Devi, Alaka, Biluakhai, Kusumi, Hansua, Kuanria and Lunijhara rivers belong to this district.
Geography
Jagatsinghapur is at . It has an average elevation of 15 metres (49 feet).
History
Jagatsinghpur District came into being on 1 April 1993. Before that, it was a part of the old Cuttack District which was divided into four new districts. It is surrounded by the districts of Kendrapara, Cuttack, Khorda, Puri and Bay of Bengal.
Attractions
Sarala Pitha (Jhankad): Jhankad is the sanctum sanctorum of Goddess Sarala, regarded as one of the most spiritually elevated expressions of Shaktism. Believed as a synthesis of divine figure of Durga and Saraswati, the culture of Sarala is an amalgamation of three principal Hindu cults namely Vedic, Tantrik and Vaishnavite. It is one of the eight most famous Shakta shrines of Odisha. The main idol, carved out of stone is of eight-armed keeping her right feet on the lion in Mahinsha Mardini posture. Constructed by the legendary Bhauma Kings in the 8th Century. The place has a legendary association with sage Parshuram, the son of sage Yamadagni. Thus, this place is of high historical importance as a centre of Parshuram cult Puran describes that parshuram, the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu, engraved the deity by his arrow and worshipped her for wisdom and power. It is also associated with the first epic poet of Odisha, Adikavi Sarala Dasa of 15th Century AD.
Gorakhnath Temple: Gorakhnath Temple is of among the famous Lord Shiva Shrines in Odisha. Thousands of devotees throng these temple every year specially on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri.
Paradip: It is a major sea port of India for trade activities. The enchanting beauty of the sea, a wonderful sea beach and marine drive, beautiful creeks, estuaries and evergreen forests of estuarine islands of the river Mahanadi, make the place a major tourist attraction. Observing the movement of small marine crafts and the giant ore carries add to the pleasure of the tourist.
Gada Kujanga: Famous for its presiding deity Kunja Behari, Garh Kujanga is also known as Subhadra Kshetra, The Raghunath Jew Matha located near the temple of Kunja Behari is an added attraction of this place.
Chandapur: At the end of the Village Mahilo in a typical rural atmosphere, the famous temple complex of Lord Raghunath Jew and Lord Chandrasekhar stands around 30 years back. One can find a rare combination of Sri Ram known as Raghunath Jew and Lord Siva known as Chandrasekhar in a single compound. An old temple of Lord Chandrasekhar was destroyed by the effect of time and new temple complex as taken its place by adding various new temple be the effort of the villagers. Now it become an important spot of Jagatsinghpur District.
Jagatsinghpur: Socio economic importance of Jagatsinghpur touched its zenith during freedom struggle. Alaka Ashram, better known as the Shabarmati of Odisha, remained the citadel of freedom moment in the State. And again during Bhoodan Moment, activities at Alaka Ashram caught the attention of the whole nation. Temples, beaches and sculptures of historic importance are the major drivers behind tourist influx to Jagatsinghpur. The Somanath temple is famous for the Shiva Shrine. The Shiva Linga was placed by Sri Muchukunda Swami and hence the image is popularly called as Muchukunda Somanath.
Another visiting place is
Salajanga Ashram, which is nearly 7 km from Naugaon hat.
Sarabanta Jagannath Temple And Siali beach is about 20 km from Balikuda block is the most attracting beach of Jagatsinghpur district. It is a very good spot for picnic and can be visited during any seasons of a year.Tulasi gadi temple which is at Dihasahi, approx 6 km from Jagatsinghpur towards Balikuda is another place of attraction for public or family parties. A historical village name DADAPUR present near to dihasahi (SKP).Jagannath temple in Ambasal (approximately 2 km from Balikuda Block) is considered as one of the oldest temples. Kunja Bihari Temple in Sadeipur which is about 9 km from Jagatsinghpur. Sidha Baranga Pitha is located at Punanga, just 2 km from Jagatsinghpur town. It is famous for temples of Lord Janannath and Lord Hanuman. It is a good picnic spot.
Swami Vivekananda Memorial autonomous college (SVMAC) is at Jagatsinghpur. Gopinath jew temple and maa dakhineswari temple is located at kuliagaon 1 km from Balikuda Block and 20 km district headquarters. siddheswor temple ' Bachhalo , which is nearly 4 km from Naugaon hat.
Transportation
The nearest railway station from Jagatsinghpur town is Gorakhnath Station which is about 10 km from Jagatsinghpur. Train service is not frequent; it is better to go by road. Nearest airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport at Bhubaneswar. Charter air service from Biju Patnaik International Airport to Paradip is provided by Pawan Hans. Jagatsinghpur is well connected with other cities via road. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India has decided to link Jagatsinghpur with a new national highway. OSRTC operated bus services to all the major Cities and Towns in Odisha.
Demographics
Jagatsinghpur is a Municipality city in district of Jagatsinghpur, Orissa. The Jagatsinghpur city is divided into 21 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Jagatsinghpur Municipality has population of 33,631 of which 17,239 are males while 16,392 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2859 which is 8.50% of total population of Jagatsinghpur (M). In Jagatsinghpur Municipality, Female Sex Ratio is of 951 against state average of 979. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Jagatsinghpur is around 961 compared to Odisha state average of 941. Literacy rate of Jagatsinghpur city is 89.32% higher than state average of 72.87%. In Jagatsinghpur, Male literacy is around 93.45% while female literacy rate is 84.98%.
Notable people born in Jagatsinghpur
The district, smallest in size among the 30 districts in Odisha, has produced some of the most famous names in Oriya. Notable among them are listed below.
Prof. Dr. Anjan Kumar Baral, Winner of Education Award of Excellence (Academic), 2018, from Printing Industries of America, the first Asian to receive the award in the filed of Print Education & Research, for his outstanding work in advancing print education programs, in his home country, India.Academicians and Scientists: Prana Krushna Parija, Sriram Chandra Dash, Manoranjan Mohanty, Abani Kumar Baral, Amitav AcharyaWriters and poets: Birakisore Das, Gopal Chhotray, Pratibha Ray, Bibhuti Patnaik, Hrudananda Ray, Chittaranjan Das, Devdas ChhotrayFreedom fighters, Politicians and Leaders''': Nabakrushna Choudhuri, Malati Choudhury, Nityanand Kanungo, Sarala Devi
Theatre Groups
The District is also famous for having theatre groups which keep the old tradition of live acting before a crowd. The groups have become the part of the mainstream entertainment for people all over Odisha. Parbati Gannatya, Benirampur opera, Gouri Gananatya, Tulasi Gananatya, Durgashree Gananatya, Tarapur Opera and Trinath Gananatya are some of the famous theatre groups of Jagatsinghpur district.
Politics
Current chairperson of Jagatsinghpur municipality is Biplab Chaudhary (Indian National Congress), successor of Madhusudhan Sahoo (BJD) in 2013 and MLA from Jagatsinghpur Assembly Constituency is Prasanta Muduli of Biju Janata Dal. Previous MLAs from this Constituency were Chiranjib Biswal (Congress) between 2014-2019 Bishnu Das (BJD) between 2004-2013, Kailash Chandra Mallik of (Indian National Congress) in 1985, Krushna Chandra Mallik of (Indian National Congress) in 1980, and Kanduri Charan Mallik of JNP in 1977.
Jagatsinghpur is a part of the Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency).
References
External links
http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/
http://www.jagatsinghpur.com/
Category:Cities and towns in Jagatsinghpur district | {
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Kiwi Black
Kiwi Black is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His first appearance was in Uncanny X-Men #429.
Fictional character biography
Little is known about the past of Kiwi Black, apart from that his mother is from Ruatoria, New Zealand, and his father, Azazel, seduced her. Because of this Kiwi Black is the half-brother of Nightcrawler and Abyss.
The name Kiwi Black is in reference to his mother's homeland New Zealand, Kiwi - indigenous bird of New Zealand, it is also common for New Zealanders to refer to themselves as Kiwis. The "Black" is in reference to the names of New Zealand sports teams the most popular being the All Blacks Rugby team. Others include the Tall Blacks (basketball) Black Sticks (hockey) the Black Caps (cricket).
He was a mutant bred by Azazel to help him transport his army to Earth from the hellish dimension they had been trapped in. However, after he survived a summoning ritual (one of three to survive) meant to free Azazel's army, he started secretly operating within Azazel's castle to free the X-Men. Kiwi rejected his father’s influence, and allied himself with the X-Men in order to eliminate Azazel’s army. In the process, he decapitated one of Azazel's thugs and gained respect from Nightcrawler.
Decimation/M-Day
After M-Day, it was revealed that Kiwi Black was among the many mutants depowered, as listed by S.H.I.E.L.D., alongside his half-brother Abyss.
Powers and abilities
Kiwi Black can focus bio-energy through his body to increase the potency of his physical attacks as well as his already impressive strength from his natural physical build. His energy-empowered attacks are so powerful because of his ability to release energy at the point of contact, which enhances his strength to the point where he can break through boulders with his bare hands or create a gigantic crater by simply kicking the ground. His creator Chuck Austen has described these attacks as "being hit with a sledgehammer shot out of a cannon at 220 MPH".
By using this method of energy transference as well as others he has developed, Kiwi Black is able to use his energy to affect the surrounding area or another person. He can touch someone and use intricate combinations of his energy and theirs to cause internal malfunctions in the person, such as heart failure or even scrambled superpowers. By slamming his fist into the ground, he can direct energy through it to make a pillar of rock/spikes rise up.
References
Category:Fictional half-demons
Category:Fictional Māori people
Category:Fictional murderers
Category:Fictional New Zealand people
Category:Marvel Comics mutants
Category:Marvel Comics superheroes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Blauwhuis
Blauwhuis () is a small village in Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 585 in January 2017.
History
Before 2011, the village was part of the Wymbritseradiel municipality.
References
Category:Súdwest-Fryslân
Category:Populated places in Friesland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed (e.g. open process). There is no single definition and interpretations vary with usage.
The terms open and standard have a wide range of meanings associated with their usage. There are a number of definitions of open standards which emphasize different aspects of openness, including the openness of the resulting specification, the openness of the drafting process, and the ownership of rights in the standard. The term "standard" is sometimes restricted to technologies approved by formalized committees that are open to participation by all interested parties and operate on a consensus basis.
The definitions of the term open standard used by academics, the European Union and some of its member governments or parliaments such as Denmark, France, and Spain preclude open standards requiring fees for use, as do the New Zealand, South African and the Venezuelan governments. On the standard organisation side, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ensures that its specifications can be implemented on a royalty-free basis.
Many definitions of the term standard permit patent holders to impose "reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing" royalty fees and other licensing terms on implementers or users of the standard. For example, the rules for standards published by the major internationally recognized standards bodies such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and ITU-T permit their standards to contain specifications whose implementation will require payment of patent licensing fees. Among these organizations, only the IETF and ITU-T explicitly refer to their standards as "open standards", while the others refer only to producing "standards". The IETF and ITU-T use definitions of "open standard" that allow "reasonable and non-discriminatory" patent licensing fee requirements.
There are those in the open-source software community who hold that an "open standard" is only open if it can be freely adopted, implemented and extended. While open standards or architectures are considered non-proprietary in the sense that the standard is either unowned or owned by a collective body, it can still be publicly shared and not tightly guarded. The typical example of “open source” that has become a standard is the personal computer originated by IBM and now referred to as Wintel, the combination of the Microsoft operating system and Intel microprocessor. There are three others that are most widely accepted as “open” which include the GSM phones (adopted as a government standard), Open Group which promotes UNIX and the like, and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) which created the first standards of SMTP and TCP/IP. Buyers tend to prefer open standards which they believe offer them cheaper products and more choice for access due to network effects and increased competition between vendors.
Open standards which specify formats are sometimes referred to as open formats.
Many specifications that are sometimes referred to as standards are proprietary and only available under restrictive contract terms (if they can be obtained at all) from the organization that owns the copyright on the specification. As such these specifications are not considered to be fully open. Joel West has argued that "open" standards are not black and white but have many different levels of "openness". A more open standard tends to occur when the knowledge of the technology becomes dispersed enough that competition is increased and others are able to start copying the technology as they implement it. This occurred with the Wintel architecture as others were able to start imitating the software. Less open standards exist when a particular firm has much power (not ownership) over the standard, which can occur when a firm's platform “wins” in standard setting or the market makes one platform most popular.
Specific definitions of an open standard
Joint IEEE, ISOC, W3C, IETF and IAB Definition
On August 12, 2012, the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Internet Society (ISOC), World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Architecture Board (IAB), jointly affirmed a set of principles which have contributed to the exponential growth of the Internet and related technologies. The “OpenStand Principles” define open standards and establish the building blocks for innovation. Standards developed using the OpenStand principles are developed through an open, participatory process, support interoperability, foster global competition, are voluntarily adopted on a global level and serve as building blocks for products and services targeted to meet the needs of markets and consumers. This drives innovation which, in turn, contributes to the creation of new markets and the growth and expansion of existing markets.
There are five, key OpenStand Principles, as outlined below:
1. Cooperation
Respectful cooperation between standards organizations, whereby each respects the autonomy, integrity, processes, and intellectual property rules of the others.
2. Adherence to Principles - Adherence to the five fundamental principles of standards development, namely
Due process: Decisions are made with equity and fairness among participants. No one party dominates or guides standards development. Standards processes are transparent and opportunities exist to appeal decisions. Processes for periodic standards review and updating are well defined.
Broad consensus: Processes allow for all views to be considered and addressed, such that agreement can be found across a range of interests.
Transparency: Standards organizations provide advance public notice of proposed standards development activities, the scope of work to be undertaken, and conditions for participation. Easily accessible records of decisions and the materials used in reaching those decisions are provided. Public comment periods are provided before final standards approval and adoption.
Balance: Standards activities are not exclusively dominated by any particular person, company or interest group.
Openness: Standards processes are open to all interested and informed parties.
3. Collective Empowerment
Commitment by affirming standards organizations and their participants to collective empowerment by striving for standards that:
are chosen and defined based on technical merit, as judged by the contributed expertise of each participant;
provide global interoperability, scalability, stability, and resiliency;
enable global competition;
serve as building blocks for further innovation; and
contribute to the creation of global communities, benefiting humanity.
4. Availability
Standards specifications are made accessible to all for implementation and deployment. Affirming standards organizations have defined procedures to develop specifications that can be implemented under fair terms. Given market diversity, fair terms may vary from royalty-free to fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms (FRAND).
5. Voluntary Adoption
Standards are voluntarily adopted and success is determined by the market.
ITU-T definition
The ITU-T is a standards development organization (SDO) that is one of the three sectors of the International Telecommunications Union (a specialized agency of the United Nations). The ITU-T has a Telecommunication Standardization Bureau director's Ad Hoc group on IPR that produced the following definition in March 2005, which the ITU-T as a whole has endorsed for its purposes since November 2005:
The ITU-T has a long history of open standards development. However, recently some different external sources have attempted to define the term "Open Standard" in a variety of different ways. In order to avoid confusion, the ITU-T uses for its purpose the term "Open Standards" per the following definition:
"Open Standards" are standards made available to the general public and are developed (or approved) and maintained via a collaborative and consensus driven process. "Open Standards" facilitate interoperability and data exchange among different products or services and are intended for widespread adoption.
Other elements of "Open Standards" include, but are not limited to:
Collaborative process – voluntary and market driven development (or approval) following a transparent consensus driven process that is reasonably open to all interested parties.
Reasonably balanced – ensures that the process is not dominated by any one interest group.
Due process - includes consideration of and response to comments by interested parties.
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) – IPRs essential to implement the standard to be licensed to all applicants on a worldwide, non-discriminatory basis, either (1) for free and under other reasonable terms and conditions or (2) on reasonable terms and conditions (which may include monetary compensation). Negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside the SDO.
Quality and level of detail – sufficient to permit the development of a variety of competing implementations of interoperable products or services. Standardized interfaces are not hidden, or controlled other than by the SDO promulgating the standard.
Publicly available – easily available for implementation and use, at a reasonable price. Publication of the text of a standard by others is permitted only with the prior approval of the SDO.
On-going support – maintained and supported over a long period of time.
The ITU-T, ITU-R, ISO, and IEC have harmonized on a common patent policy under the banner of the WSC. However, the ITU-T definition should not necessarily be considered also applicable in ITU-R, ISO and IEC contexts, since the Common Patent Policy
does not make any reference to "open standards" but rather only to "standards."
IETF definition
In section 7 of its RFC 2026, the IETF classifies specifications that have been developed in a manner similar to that of the IETF itself as being "open standards," and lists the standards produced by ANSI, ISO, IEEE, and ITU-T as examples. As the IETF standardization processes and IPR policies have the characteristics listed above by ITU-T, the IETF standards fulfill the ITU-T definition of "open standards."
However, the IETF has not adopted a specific definition of "open standard"; both RFC 2026 and the IETF's mission statement (RFC 3935) talks about "open process," but RFC 2026 does not define "open standard" except for the purpose of defining what documents IETF standards can link to.
RFC 2026 belongs to a set of RFCs collectively known as BCP 9 (Best Common Practice, an IETF policy).
RFC 2026 was later updated by BCP 78 and 79 (among others). As of 2011 BCP 78 is RFC 5378 (Rights Contributors Provide to the IETF Trust), and BCP 79 consists of RFC 3979 (Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology) and a clarification in RFC 4879. The changes are intended to be compatible with the "Simplified BSD License" as stated in the IETF Trust Legal Provisions and Copyright FAQ based on RFC 5377.
In August 2012, the IETF combined with the W3C and IEEE to launch OpenStand and to publish The Modern Paradigm for Standards. This captures "the effective and efficient standardization processes that have made the Internet and Web the premiere platforms for innovation and borderless commerce". The declaration is then published in the form of RFC 6852 in January 2013.
European Interoperability Framework for Pan-European eGovernment Services
The European Union defined the term for use within its European Interoperability Framework for Pan-European eGovernment Services, Version 1.0 although it does not claim to be a universal definition for all European Union use and documentation.
To reach interoperability in the context of pan-European eGovernment services, guidance needs to focus on open standards.
The word "open" is here meant in the sense of fulfilling the following requirements:
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit organization, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties (consensus or majority decision etc.).
The standard has been published and the standard specification document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a nominal fee.
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of (parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty-free basis.
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard
Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium definition
The Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium (NCOIC) defines open standard as the following:
Specifications for hardware and/or software that are publicly available implying that multiple vendors can compete directly based on the features and performance of their products. It also implies that the existing open system can be removed and replaced with that of another vendor with minimal effort and without major interruption.
Danish government definition
The Danish government has attempted to make a definition of open standards,
which also is used in pan-European software development projects. It states:
An open standard is accessible to everyone free of charge (i.e. there is no discrimination between users, and no payment or other considerations are required as a condition of use of the standard)
An open standard of necessity remains accessible and free of charge (i.e. owners renounce their options, if indeed such exist, to limit access to the standard at a later date, for example, by committing themselves to openness during the remainder of a possible patent's life)
An open standard is accessible free of charge and documented in all its details (i.e. all aspects of the standard are transparent and documented, and both access to and use of the documentation is free)
French law definition
The French Parliament approved a definition of "open standard" in its "Law for Confidence in the Digital Economy." The definition is:
By open standard is understood any communication, interconnection or interchange protocol, and any interoperable data format whose specifications are public and without any restriction in their access or implementation.
Indian Government Definition
A clear Royalty Free stance and far reaching requirements case is the one for India's Government
4.1 Mandatory Characteristics
An Identified Standard will qualify as an “Open Standard”, if it meets the following criteria:
4.1.1 Specification document of the Identified Standard shall be available with or without a nominal fee.
4.1.2 The Patent claims necessary to implement the Identified Standard shall be made available on a Royalty-Free basis for the lifetime of the Standard.
4.1.3 Identified Standard shall be adopted and maintained by a not-for-profit organization, wherein all stakeholders can opt to participate in a transparent, collaborative and consensual manner.
4.1.4 Identified Standard shall be recursively open as far as possible.
4.1.5 Identified Standard shall have technology-neutral specification.
4.1.6 Identified Standard shall be capable of localization support, where applicable, for all Indian official Languages for all applicable domains.
Italian Law definition
Italy has a general rule for the entire public sector dealing with Open Standards, although concentrating on data formats, in Art. 68 of the Code of the Digital Administration (Codice dell'Amministrazione Digitale)
[applications must] allow representation of data under different formats, at least one being an open data format.
[...]
[it is defined] an open data format, a data format which is made public, is thoroughly documented and neutral with regard to the technological tools needed to peruse the same data.
Spanish law definition
A Law passed by the Spanish Parliament requires that all electronic services provided by the Spanish public administration must be based on open standards. It defines an open standard as royalty free, according to the following definition:
An open standard fulfills the following conditions:
it is public, and its use is available on a free [gratis] basis, or at a cost that does not imply a difficulty for the user.
its use is not subject to the payment of any intellectual [copyright] or industrial [patents and trademarks] property right.
Venezuelan law definition
The Venezuelan Government approved a "free software and open standards law."
The decree includes the requirement that the Venezuelan public sector must use free software based on open standards, and includes a definition of open standard:
Article 2: for the purposes of this Decree, it shall be understood as
k) Open standards: technical specifications, published and controlled by an organization in charge of their development, that have been accepted by the industry, available to everybody for their implementation in free software or other [type of software], promoting competitivity, interoperability and flexibility.
South African Government definition
The South African Government approved a definition in the "Minimum Interoperability Operating Standards Handbook" (MIOS).
For the purposes of the MIOS, a standard shall be considered open if it meets all of these criteria. There are standards which we are obliged to adopt for pragmatic reasons which do not necessarily fully conform to being open in all respects. In such cases, where an open standard does not yet exist, the degree of openness will be taken into account when selecting an appropriate standard:
it should be maintained by a non-commercial organization
participation in the ongoing development work is based on decision making processes that are open to all interested parties.
open access: all may access committee documents, drafts and completed standards free of cost or for a negligible fee.
It must be possible for everyone to copy, distribute and use the standard free of cost.
The intellectual rights required to implement the standard (e.g.essential patent claims) are irrevocably available, without any royalties attached.
There are no reservations regarding reuse of the standard.
There are multiple implementations of the standard.
New Zealand official interoperability framework definition
The E-Government Interoperability Framework (e-GIF) defines open standard as royalty free according to the following text:
While a universally agreed definition of "open standards" is unlikely to be
resolved in the near future, the e-GIF accepts that a definition of “open standards”
needs to recognise a continuum that ranges from closed to open, and encompasses
varying degrees of "openness." To guide readers in this respect, the e-GIF
endorses "open standards" that exhibit the following properties:
Be accessible to everyone free of charge: no discrimination between users, and no payment or other considerations should be required as a condition to use the standard.
Remain accessible to everyone free of charge: owners should renounce their options, if any, to limit access to the standard at a later date.
Be documented in all its details: all aspects of the standard should be transparent and documented, and both access to and use of the documentation should be free.
The e-GIF performs the same function in e-government as the Road Code does on
the highways. Driving would be excessively costly, inefficient, and ineffective if
road rules had to be agreed each time one vehicle encountered another.
Bruce Perens' definition
One of the most popular definitions of the term "open standard," as measured by Google ranking, is the one developed by Bruce Perens.
His definition lists a set of principles that he believes must be met by an open standard:
Availability: Open Standards are available for all to read and implement.
Maximize End-User Choice: Open Standards create a fair, competitive market for implementations of the standard. They do not lock the customer into a particular vendor or group.
No Royalty: Open Standards are free for all to implement, with no royalty or fee. Certification of compliance by the standards organization may involve a fee.
No Discrimination: Open Standards and the organizations that administer them do not favor one implementor over another for any reason other than the technical standards compliance of a vendor's implementation. Certification organizations must provide a path for low and zero-cost implementations to be validated, but may also provide enhanced certification services.
Extension or Subset: Implementations of Open Standards may be extended, or offered in subset form. However, certification organizations may decline to certify subset implementations, and may place requirements upon extensions (see Predatory Practices).
Predatory Practices: Open Standards may employ license terms that protect against subversion of the standard by embrace-and-extend tactics. The licenses attached to the standard may require the publication of reference information for extensions, and a license for all others to create, distribute, and sell software that is compatible with the extensions. An Open Standard may not otherwise prohibit extensions.
Microsoft's definition
Vijay Kapoor, national technology officer, Microsoft, defines what open standards are as follows:
Let's look at what an open standard means: 'open' refers to it being royalty-free, while 'standard' means a technology approved by formalized committees that are open to participation by all interested parties and operate on a consensus basis. An open standard is publicly available, and developed, approved and maintained via a collaborative and consensus driven process.
Overall, Microsoft's relationship to open standards was, at best, mixed. While Microsoft participated in the most significant standard-setting organizations that establish open standards, it was often seen as oppositional to their adoption.
Open Source Initiative's definition
The Open Source Initiative defines the requirements and criteria for open standards as follows:
The Requirement
An "open standard" must not prohibit conforming implementations in open source software.
The Criteria
To comply with the Open Standards Requirement, an "open standard" must satisfy the following criteria. If an "open standard" does not meet these criteria, it will be discriminating against open source developers.
No Intentional Secrets: The standard MUST NOT withhold any detail necessary for interoperable implementation. As flaws are inevitable, the standard MUST define a process for fixing flaws identified during implementation and interoperability testing and to incorporate said changes into a revised version or superseding version of the standard to be released under terms that do not violate the OSR.
Availability: The standard MUST be freely and publicly available (e.g., from a stable web site) under royalty-free terms at reasonable and non-discriminatory cost.
Patents: All patents essential to implementation of the standard MUST:
be licensed under royalty-free terms for unrestricted use, or
be covered by a promise of non-assertion when practiced by open source software
No Agreements: There MUST NOT be any requirement for execution of a license agreement, NDA, grant, click-through, or any other form of paperwork to deploy conforming implementations of the standard.
No OSR-Incompatible Dependencies: Implementation of the standard MUST NOT require any other technology that fails to meet the criteria of this Requirement.
Ken Krechmer's definition
Ken Krechmer identifies ten "rights":
Open Meeting
Consensus
Due Process
Open IPR
One World
Open Change
Open Documents
Open Interface
Open Use
On-going Support
World Wide Web Consortium's definition
As an important provider of Web technology ICT Standards, notably XML, http, HTML, CSS and WAI, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) follows a process that promotes the development of high-quality standards.
Looking at the end result, the spec alone, up for adoption, is not enough. The participative/inclusive process leading to a particular design, and the supporting resources available with it should be accounted when we talk about Open Standards:
transparency (due process is public, and all technical discussions, meeting minutes, are archived and referencable in decision making)
relevance (new standardization is started upon due analysis of the market needs, including requirements phase, e.g. accessibility, multi-linguism)
openness (anybody can participate, and everybody does: industry, individual, public, government bodies, academia, on a worldwide scale)
impartiality and consensus (guaranteed fairness by the process and the neutral hosting of the W3C organization, with equal weight for each participant)
availability (free access to the standard text, both during development, at final stage, and for translations, and assurance that core Web and Internet technologies can be implemented Royalty-Free)
maintenance (ongoing process for testing, errata, revision, permanent access, validation, etc.)
In August 2012, the W3C combined with the IETF and IEEE to launch OpenStand and to publish The Modern Paradigm for Standards. This captures "the effective and efficient standardization processes that have made the Internet and Web the premiere platforms for innovation and borderless commerce".
Digital Standards Organization definition
The Digital Standards Organization (DIGISTAN) states that "an open standard must be aimed at creating unrestricted competition between vendors and unrestricted choice for users." Its brief definition of "open standard" (or "free and open standard") is "a published specification that is immune to vendor capture at all stages in its life-cycle." Its more complete definition as follows:
"The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit organization, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties.
The standard has been published and the standard specification document is available freely. It must be permissible to all to copy, distribute, and use it freely.
The patents possibly present on (parts of) the standard are made irrevocably available on a royalty-free basis.
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
A key defining property is that an open standard is immune to vendor capture at all stages in its life-cycle. Immunity from vendor capture makes it possible to improve upon, trust, and extend an open standard over time."
This definition is based on the EU's EIF v1 definition of "open standard," but with changes to address what it terms as "vendor capture." They believe that "Many groups and individuals have provided definitions for 'open standard' that reflect their economic interests in the standards process. We see that the fundamental conflict is between vendors who seek to capture markets and raise costs, and the market at large, which seeks freedom and lower costs... Vendors work hard to turn open standards into franchise standards. They work to change the statutory language so they can cloak franchise standards in the sheep's clothing of 'open standard.' A robust definition of "free and open standard" must thus take into account the direct economic conflict between vendors and the market at large."
Free Software Foundation Europe's definition
The Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) uses a definition which is based on the European Interoperability Framework v.1, and was extended after consultation with industry and community stakeholders. FSFE's standard has been adopted by groups such as the SELF EU Project, the 2008 Geneva Declaration on Standards and the Future of the Internet, and international Document Freedom Day teams.
According to this definition an Open Standard is a format or protocol that is:
Subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a manner equally available to all parties;
Without any components or extensions that have dependencies on formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open Standard themselves;
Free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by any party or in any business model;
Managed and further developed independently of any single vendor in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third parties;
Available in multiple complete implementations by competing vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all parties.
FFII's definition
The Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure's definition is said to coincide with the definition issued in the European Interoperability Framework released in 2004.
A specification that is public, the standard is inclusive and it has been developed and is maintained in an open standardization process, everybody can implement it without any restriction, neither payment, to license the IPR (granted to everybody for free and without any condition). This is the minimum license terms asked by standardization bodies as W3C. Of course, all the other bodies accept open standards. But specification itself could cost a fair amount of money (ie. 100-400Eur per copy as in ISO because copyright and publication of the document itself).
UK government definition
The UK government's definition of open standards applies to software interoperability, data and document formats. The criteria for open standards are published in the “Open Standards Principles” policy paper and are as follows.
Collaboration - the standard is maintained through a collaborative decision-making process that is consensus based and independent of any individual supplier. Involvement in the development and maintenance of the standard is accessible to all interested parties.
Transparency - the decision-making process is transparent, and a publicly accessible review by subject matter experts is part of the process.
Due process - the standard is adopted by a specification or standardisation organisation, or a forum or consortium with a feedback and ratification process to ensure quality.
Fair access - the standard is published, thoroughly documented and publicly available at zero or low cost. Zero cost is preferred but this should be considered on a case by case basis as part of the selection process. Cost should not be prohibitive or likely to cause a barrier to a level playing field.
Market support - other than in the context of creating innovative solutions, the standard is mature, supported by the market and demonstrates platform, application and vendor independence.
Rights - rights essential to implementation of the standard, and for interfacing with other implementations which have adopted that same standard, are licensed on a royalty free basis that is compatible with both open source and proprietary licensed solutions. These rights should be irrevocable unless there is a breach of licence conditions.
Comparison of definitions
Examples of open standards
Note that because the various definitions of "open standard" differ in their requirements, the standards listed below may not be open by every definition.
System
World Wide Web architecture specified by W3C
Hardware
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) (a specification by IBM for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs, later standardized by the IEEE)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) (a specification by Intel Corporation for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs)
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) (a specification by Intel Corporation for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs)
PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) (an industry consortium developing Open Standards specifications for computer architectures )
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) and its DDR SDRAM variants (by JEDEC Solid State Technology Association)
Universal Serial Bus (USB) (by USB Implementers Forum)
DiSEqC by Eutelsat—under the "IPR, TRADEMARK AND LOGO" section of the Recommendation for Implementation document, it is stated:
DiSEqC is an open standard, no license is required or royalty is to be paid to the rightholder EUTELSAT.
DiSEqC is a trademark of EUTELSAT.
Conditions for use of the trademark and the DiSEqC can be obtained from EUTELSAT.
File formats
Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) (file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text defined by ISO/IEC 8632)
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) (a format and architecture to create and maintain technical documentation define by OASIS)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible HTML (XHTML) and HTML5 (specifications of the W3C for structured hyperlinked document formatting)
Office Open XML (a specification by Microsoft for document, spreadsheet and presentation formats, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 29500) (openness is contested )
Ogg (a container for Vorbis, FLAC, Speex (audio formats) & Theora (a video format), by the Xiph.Org Foundation)
Opus (audio codec, defined by IETF RFC 6716)
OpenDocument Format (ODF) (a specification by OASIS for office document formats, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 26300)
Portable Document Format (PDF/X) (a specification by Adobe Systems Incorporated for formatted documents, later approved by ISO as ISO 15930-1:2001 )
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) (a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 15948:2004)
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) (a specification for two-dimensional vector graphics developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Protocols
Internet Protocol (IP) (a specification of the IETF for transmitting packets of data on a network - specifically, IETF RFC 791)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (a specification of the IETF for implementing streams of data on top of IP - specifically, IETF RFC 793)
OMA Data Synchronization and Device Management (a platform-independent data synchronization protocol, specified by The SyncML Initiative/Open Mobile Alliance)
XMPP - an open protocol for near-real-time instant messaging (IM) and presence information (a.k.a. buddy lists)
Programming languages
ANSI C (a general-purpose programming language, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 9899)
Ada, a multi-paradigm programming language, defined by joint ISO/ANSI standard, combined with major Amendment ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007
MUMPS, a dynamically typed programming language, originally designed for database-driven applications in the healthcare industry approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 11756:1992 and ISO/IEC 11756:1999
Other
Data2Dome a standard for planetarium dome content distribution.
Apdex (Application Performance Index) (specifies a uniform way to analyze and report on the degree to which the measured performance of software applications meets user expectations
Application Response Measurement (ARM) (defines an API for C and Java programming language to measure application transaction response times, adopted by The Open Group)
CD-ROM (Yellow Book) (a specification for data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 10149 and ECMA as ECMA-130)
Common Information Model (CIM) (a specification by DMTF for defining how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them)
Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF) an open standard by The Open Group that provides the foundation for building an enterprise-wide Controlled vocabulary enabling Interoperability.
CIPURSE an open standard by OSPT Alliance which is a set of specifications to implement secure element (contactless smart card, NFC SIM, Embedded Secure element)for Urban Transport Network and Value Added Services.
OpenReference, an open reference model for business performance, processes and practices,
Pipeline Open Data Standard (PODS)
Examples of associations
JEDEC Solid State Technology Association - sets SDRAM Open standard
Open Geospatial Consortium - develops and publishes open standards for spatial data and services
Open Handset Alliance - sets Open standards mobile device hardware.
OSPT Alliance - sets open standard named CIPURSE
USB Implementers Forum - sets standards for Universal Serial Bus
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - sets Open standards for the Internet, such as protocols, programming languages, etc.
Patents
In 2002 and 2003 the controversy about using reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) licensing for the use of patented technology in web standards increased. Bruce Perens, important associations as FSF or FFII and others have argued that the use of patents restricts who can implement a standard to those able or willing to pay for the use of the patented technology. The requirement to pay some small amount per user, is often an insurmountable problem for free/open source software implementations which can be redistributed by anyone. Royalty free (RF) licensing is generally the only possible license for free/open source software implementations. Version 3 of the GNU General Public License includes a section that enjoins anyone who distributes a program released under the GPL from enforcing patents on subsequent users of the software or derivative works.
One result of this controversy was that many governments (including the Danish, French and Spanish governments singly and the EU collectively) specifically affirmed that "open standards" required royalty-free licenses. Some standards organizations, such as the W3C, modified their processes to essentially only permit royalty-free licensing.
Patents for software, formulas and algorithms are currently enforceable in the US but not in the EU. The European Patent Convention expressly prohibits algorithms, business methods and software from being covered by patents. The US has only allowed them since 1989 and there has been growing controversy in recent years as to either the benefit or feasibility.
A standards body and its associated processes cannot force a patent holder to give up its right to charge license fees, especially if the company concerned is not a member of the standards body and unconstrained by any rules that were set during the standards development process. In fact, this element discourages some standards bodies from adopting an "open" approach, fearing that they will lose out if their members are more constrained than non-members. Few bodies will carry out (or require their members to carry out) a full patent search. Ultimately, the only sanctions a standards body can apply on a non-member when patent licensing is demanded is to cancel the standard, try to rework around it, or work to invalidate the patent. Standards bodies such as W3C and OASIS require that the use of required patents be granted under a royalty-free license as a condition for joining the body or a particular working group, and this is generally considered enforceable.
Examples of patent claims brought against standards previously thought to be open include JPEG and the Rambus case over DDR SDRAM. The H.264 video codec is an example of a standards organization producing a standard that has known, non-royalty-free required patents.
Often the scope of the standard itself determines how likely it is that a firm will be able to use a standard as patent-like protection. Richard Langlois argues that standards with a wide scope may offer a firm some level of protection from competitors but it is likely that Schumpeterian creative destruction will ultimately leave the firm open to being "invented around" regardless of the standard a firm may benefit from.
Quotes
EU Commissioner Erkki Liikanen: "Open standards are important to help create interoperable and affordable solutions for everybody. They also promote competition by setting up a technical playing field that is level to all market players. This means lower costs for enterprises and, ultimately, the consumer." (World Standards Day, 14 October 2003)
Jorma Ollila, Chairman of Nokia's Board of Directors: "... Open standards and platforms create a foundation for success. They enable interoperability of technologies and encourage innovativeness and healthy competition, which in turn increases consumer choice and opens entirely new markets,"
W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee: "The decision to make the Web an open system was necessary for it to be universal. You can't propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it."
In the opening address of The Southern African Telecommunications Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC) 2005, then Minister of Science and Technology, Mosibudi Mangena stressed need for open standards in ICT:
See also
Conformity assessment
Free software
Free standard
Network effect
Open data
Open-design movement
Open-source hardware
Open specifications
Open system (computing)
Specification (technical standard)
Vendor lock-in
References
Further reading
Opening Standards: The Global Politics of Interoperability, Laura DeNardis, editor, MIT Press, 2011. Experts from industry, academia, and public policy examine what is at stake economically and politically in debates about open standards.
External links
Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, Open ePolicy Group, Roadmap for Open ICT Ecosystems
Open U.S. Standards Development for Telecommunications
Bruce Perens: Open Standards: Principles and Practice
Ken Krechmer: The Principles of Open Standards
Bob Sutor: Open Standards vs. Open Source: How to think about software, standards, and Service Oriented Architecture at the beginning of the 21st century
European Commission: Valoris report on Open Document Formats
The New York Times: Steve Lohr: 'Plan by 13 Nations Urges Open Technology Standards'
UNDP-APDIP International Open Source Network: Free/Open Source Software: Open Standards Primer
OpenStandards.net: An Open Standards Portal
Is OpenDocument an Open Standard? Yes! develops a unified definition of "open standard" from multiple sources, then applies it to a particular standard
Open Source Initiative: Open Standard Requirement for Software
Open Standards: Definitions of "Open Standards" from the Cover Pages
Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure FFII Workgroup on Open Standards. "Standard Categories and Definitions": Categories and definitions of the different types of standards
American National Standards Institute Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards
ITSSD Comments Concerning SCP/13/2 – Standards and Patents, Institute for Trade, Standards and Sustainable Development, (March 2009)
Supplement to ITSSD Comments Concerning the WIPO Report on Standards and Patents (SCP/13/2) Paragraph 44, Institute for Trade, Standards and Sustainable Development, (January 2010)
Open Data Standards Association, RY
Open Standard License, A license dedicated to open standards
Category:Standards
Category:Technological change
fr:Format ouvert | {
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Tagore Arts College
Tagore Arts College, is one of the oldest general degree college located in Lawspet, Puducherry. It was established in the year 1961. The college is affiliated with Pondicherry University. This college offers Only Bachular degree with different courses in arts, commerce and science.
Departments
Science
Physics
Chemistry
Mathematics
Plant Science
Zoology
Psychology
Computer Science
Arts and Commerce
Tamil
English
French
History
Sociology
Philosophy
Tourism
Economics
Commerce
Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
References
External links
Category:Universities and colleges in Puducherry
Category:Educational institutions established in 1961
Category:1961 establishments in India
Category:Colleges affiliated to Pondicherry University | {
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} |
Steel Valley
Steel Valley can refer to:
Northern Steel Valley (Ohio-Pennsylvania), the area around Youngstown, Ohio stretching from metro Pittsburgh to metro Cleveland
Southern Steel Valley (Pittsburgh), area around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with it primarily describing the Monongahela Valley and Upper Ohio Valley steeltowns
Steel Valley School District
Vale do Aço, the 'Steel Valley' metropolitan area in Minas Gerais, Brazil
The valley around Stocksbridge, South Yorkshire, due to its long history of steel production | {
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Cabin Creek (South Dakota)
Cabin Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
Cabin Creek was named for an abandoned cabin near its banks.
See also
List of rivers of South Dakota
References
Category:Rivers of Perkins County, South Dakota
Category:Rivers of South Dakota | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pale-footed bush warbler
The pale-footed bush warbler (Urosphena pallidipes) is a species of oriental warbler in the family Cettiidae, found in southern Asia. The pale-footed bush warbler is found in the Himalayan region west from Deharadum through the foothills of Nepal to the Northeast India. This species is further found in Myanmar, Laos, northern Vietnam and southern China. A single sight was recorded from Kandy, Sri Lanka in March 1993.
Taxonomy and systematics
Subspecies
There are three subspecies of pale-footed bush warbler
U. p. pallidipes
U. p. osmastoni
U. p. laurentei
Distribution and Habitat
The pale-footed bush warbler usually associates with Themeda grasslands. The habitat and altitudinal limit for pale-footed bush warbler slightly vary from place to place. For example, in Thailand, its habitat is known as grassland and scrub from foothills up to 1800 m. In China, its habitat is known as woodland up to 1525 m.
Nepal
The pale-footed bush warbler is a resident bird for Nepal. It is mostly found in Chitwan. This species as well as other species of the birds in Nepal are threatened due to habitat loss and population decline in Nepal.
India
Urosphena pallidipes was first described in The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Vol.2, by William Thomas Blanford and Eugene W. Oates in the year 1874.
In peninsular India the pale-footed bush warbler U. p. pallidipes has been reported as breeding in the Eastern Ghats by Salim Ali and Sidney Dillon Ripley. They collected a specimen from Sunkarametta, Araku Valley, Vishakapatnam district (altitude of 1000m) in the month of April A male adult of the subspecies U. p. osmastoni was first described from Andaman Islands (altitude 730m) by Ernst Hartert. Nest-building in U. p. osmastoni was described by Bertram Beresford Osmaston in the year 1907 Subspecies U. p. pallidipes has also been reported from Simlipal Tiger Reserve, Simlipal National Park Odisha (altitude 600-1500m) in December 2012 from a grassland near a Sal forest
Ecology and behavior
The pale-footed bush warbler is extremely shy and is a great skulker, meaning it is very difficult to see even during the breeding season. This species breeds from May to July. The bird is usually found either by itself or in pairs in low bushes and grass clumps. It is also known as lowland species. It likes to stay close to ground; thus, it flies less than a meter high above ground. It moves through grass reeds keeping it low, staying mostly out of sight. It feeds on the lower half of grass reeds.
Vocalization
The pale-footed bush warbler has a loud song. Because the pale-footed bush warbler stays in the lower part of its habitat, it is more easily heard than seen. This species remains mostly silent during winter but its call and song can be easily heard during spring. Its explosive song is the best way to signal its species.
References
pale-footed bush warbler
Category:Birds of North India
Category:Birds of Nepal
Category:Birds of Eastern Himalaya
Category:Birds of Yunnan
Category:Birds of Myanmar
Category:Birds of Laos
Category:Birds of Vietnam
Category:Birds of the Andaman Islands
pale-footed bush warbler | {
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Taha Dyab
Taha Dyab (; born 23 July 1990 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Al-Herafyeen, which competes in the Syrian Premier League and is currently a member of the Syria national football team.
Career
Club career
Dyab started his career in the youth system of Al-Ittihad and he played his first fully professional match in the Syrian Premier League for Al-Ittihad on 30 October 2007 in a 0–0 draw against Al-Futowa. He helped the club reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time. Dyab signed a two-year contract with Syrian League club Al-Shorta on 3 February 2012. Later on, he had short spells in Iraq, Lebanon and India, before transferring to Al-Herafyeen in 2018.
International career
Dyab was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team in the 2008 AFC U-19 Championship in Saudi Arabia.
He has been a regular for the Syrian national football team since 2010 and he debuted in an 18 December 2010 friendly against Iraq. He came on as a substitute for Mohamed Al Zeno in the second halftime and scored on his debut. Dyab was selected to Valeriu Tiţa's 23-man final squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar, but he not played in any of the three Syrian group games.
International goals
Scores and results table. Syria's goal tally first:
Honour and Titles
Club
Al-Ittihad
Syrian Cup: 2011
AFC Cup: 2010
References
External links
Player profile at Ittihadaleppo.com
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Aleppo
Category:Syrian footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Syria international footballers
Category:Syrian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Iraq
Category:Expatriate footballers in Lebanon
Category:Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Iraq
Category:Expatriate footballers in India
Category:Al-Ittihad Aleppo players
Category:Afrin SC players
Category:Al-Shorta Damascus players
Category:Safa SC players
Category:Salam Zgharta FC players
Category:Al-Majd players
Category:2011 AFC Asian Cup players | {
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Yokuşlu, Yusufeli
Yokuşlu is a village in the District of Yusufeli, Artvin Province, Turkey. As of 2010, it had a population of 132 people.
References
Category:Populated places in Artvin Province
Category:Yusufeli District
Category:Villages in Turkey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
KEYT-TV
KEYT-TV, virtual channel 3 (UHF digital channel 27), is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Santa Barbara, California, United States and serving the Central Coast of California. Owned by the News-Press & Gazette Company (NPG), it is a sister station to San Luis Obispo-licensed low-powered, Class A Fox affiliate KKFX-CD (channel 24); NPG also operates Santa Maria-licensed CBS affiliate KCOY-TV (channel 12) through a shared services agreement (SSA) with owner VistaWest Media, LLC. KEYT's studios are located at 730 Miramonte Drive on TV Hill, overlooking downtown Santa Barbara; KCOY and KKFX share separate facilities on West McCoy Lane in Santa Maria. KEYT's transmitter is located atop Broadcast Peak, between Santa Barbara and Santa Ynez in the Santa Ynez Mountains.
History
KEYT-TV first signed on the air on July 24, 1953. During the 1950s, the station ran programming from all four TV networks: ABC, CBS, DuMont, and NBC. It lost NBC in 1964 when KCOY in adjacent Santa Maria signed on. It then shared CBS with KCOY until 1969, when the inclusion of San Luis Obispo County into the Santa Barbara–Santa Maria market resulted in KEYT becoming exclusively affiliated with ABC. KCOY became the CBS affiliate, and KSBY in San Luis Obispo became Santa Barbara's NBC affiliate. KEYT channel 3 has identified its local newscasts as KEY News since the 1980s.
Between KEYT's launch of its HDTV signal on March 2007 and September 2007, KEYT-HD was initially unavailable to cable subscribers in the Central Coast due to a contract dispute with the local cable companies. KEYT has since reached an agreement with Cox Communications in Santa Barbara, Comcast in Santa Maria, and as of late October 2007, with Charter Cable in San Luis Obispo to carry its HDTV signal. In 2012 Time Warner Cable in Ventura County carried its HDTV signal.
On September 7, 2012, News-Press & Gazette Company announced that it had entered into an agreement to purchase KEYT from Smith Media for $14.3 million. The transaction, which was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on November 6, was completed on November 19, 2012. Smith Media owned KEYT since 1987.
On January 28, 2013, KEYT retired the longtime KEY News branding and with the new owner's purchase rebranded themselves as NewsChannel 3. The branding is similar to now Palm Springs sister station, KESQ-TV. Its newscasts and site now include a new graphics package that is similar to all NPG stations and is operated by Internet Broadcasting.
On April 1, 2013, KEYT began broadcasting news in High Definition.
Digital television
Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KEYT-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 3, on February 17, 2009, the original target date in which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 27. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 3.
Programming
Syndicated programming featured on KEYT includes Live with Kelly and Ryan, The Dr. Oz Show, Extra, TMZ and Access Hollywood.
News Now
When KEYT acquired the MyNetworkTV affiliation in June 2006, it initially showed only MyNetworkTV programming, with a test pattern running outside of network programming hours. By the fall of 2007, the station had managed to obtain syndication broadcast rights to Family Guy and South Park, and officially launched its second digital subchannel under the branding "MyNetworkTV Central Coast" in October 2007, replacing Los Angeles-based MyNetworkTV affiliate KCOP on all cable systems in the Central Coast region.
The subchannel initially ran a standard-definition simulcast of KEYT's primary channel outside of MyNetworkTV programming. On October 30, 2007, KEYT-DT2 added a secondary affiliation with the Luken Communications-owned Retro Television Network to RTV programming outside of MyNetworkTV prime time program slots. The subchannel subsequently changed its branding to "My RTN" to coincide with the new affiliation, later changing to "My RTV" after the network modified its on-air acronym to "RTV", then finally "My Retro TV".
On April 18, 2017, the 3.2 subchannel dropped Retro TV because station management was unsure of it continuing as a going concern with a declining affiliate base, along with contractual restrictions on using it as an overflow channel for breaking news. (Before that date, it was the only "Big Three" network affiliate nationwide left still carrying the network as a subchannel). In the interim, the station relaunched KEYT-DT2 as News Now, airing simulcasts and rebroadcasts of newscasts from KEYT-TV and KKFX-CD, along with live rolling coverage of local political events, news coverage and other public affairs and local interest programming; the subchannel continues to carry MyNetworkTV programming in primetime.
The News-Press & Gazette Company announced on October 10, 2018 that it would be converting KSBB-CD to ATSC 3.0 operations, airing News Now in that format, with its own ATSC 1.0 signal and programming being moved to a subchannel of KEYT-TV.
Notable former on-air staff
Christine Craft - anchor/reporter (1970s)
Giselle Fernández - reporter (circa 1983)
Michelle Franzen - reporter/fill-in anchor (1993–1994)
Edie Lambert - anchor/reporter (now at KCRA-TV in Sacramento)
Indra Petersons (now with ABC News)
Kelsey Gerckens and Joey Buttitta - reporters (and winners of The Amazing Race 27)
Rebroadcasters
KEYT also operates a translator to extend its coverage area into San Luis Obispo County. It operates a repeater station in San Luis Obispo, California, K31KE-D, on channel 31.
References
External links
Official website
Category:ABC network affiliates
Category:Bounce TV affiliates
Category:News-Press & Gazette Company
EYT-TV
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1953
Category:1953 establishments in California
Category:Former NBC network affiliates
Category:Former DuMont Television Network affiliates | {
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WQLL
{{Infobox radio station
| name = WQLL
| image = WQLL 1370AM logo.jpg
| city = Pikesville, Maryland
| area = Baltimore, Maryland
| branding = 'Music Radio Q-1370 AM & 99.9 FM| slogan = Baltimore's Classic Hits
| frequency = 1370 kHz
| translator = 99.9 W260BV (Aberdeen)
| airdate = April 5, 1955 (as WEBB at AM 1360)
| format = OldiesClassic hits
| power = 50,000 watts day24,000 watts night
| class = B
| facility_id = 27691
| coordinates = (day) (night)
| callsign_meaning = WQLL(Cool)
| former_callsigns = WEBB (1955-1992)WHLP (1992-1993)WWLG (1993-2006)WVIE (2006-2012)
| former_frequencies = 1955-2002: 1360 kHz
| affiliations = Westwood One Classic Hits United Netowrks
| owner = M-10 Broadcasting, Inc.
| licensee =
| sister_stations = WCBM (AM 680)
| webcast = Listen Live
| website = q1370.com
}}
WQLL (1370 AM, known on air and publicized since August 2012 as Q-1370 AM & 99.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an oldies & classic hits format. Licensed to Pikesville, Maryland, United States, a northwest suburb of the city in Baltimore County, it serves the Baltimore metropolitan area.
The station is currently owned by M-10 Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Cumulus Media Networks and United Networks. Musicradio Q1370 is a classic hits format featuring the best hits of the 60's 70's & 80"s. The station is programmed to recreate the sound of that era and features the More Music Morning Show with Pat O'Neill, America's Greatest Hits with Scott Shannon and Forgotten 45's with Allen. The music playlist has greatest classic hits from 1964-1989 and has been recently re-imaged with the legendary Howard Hoffman the station voice and Jam Creative jingles. The station plans to implement for local programming, contests and concert series in the near future.
The station signed on originally in 1955 as WEBB on 1360 kHz on the AM radio dial. It established a well-known reputation in the city's black population with its dynamic, memorable DJs and pounding soul, blues, the Motown sound and other increasingly fractured sounds of developing rock music. In 1970, it was sold to famous entertainer and funk / soul music performer James Brown, (1933-2006), (later known as the "Godfather of Soul"!) who instituted an "Urban Contemporary" format and continued its popularity and competition among Baltimore's Afro-American black community. As a result of a bankruptcy proceeding, Brown sold WEBB to Dorothy E. Brunson, (1939-2011), in 1979. Brunson had formerly been a radio executive with the Inner City Broadcasting Corporation of New York City since 1973, where they owned five radio stations. Brunson would later sell her radio stations eleven years later, including WEBB, in 1990, in order to provide funds with her partnership/syndicate for her newly-purchased UHF television station, WGTW-TV (formerly WKBS - Channel 48) in Philadelphia becoming the first African-American woman to own a television station in America. The station's call sign was changed briefly to WHLP "Jobs Radio" in 1992, where help wanted ads were read on-air. The station received national attention as the first (possibly only) radio station dedicated to helping listeners find jobs. The jobs radio format was short-lived, and the call letters were changed to WWLG in 1993. WWLG-AM operated with an "adult standards" format which included big band and swing music and some early jazz, first popularized in the 1930s and 1940s which had not been heard regularly over Baltimore's airwaves for several decades except for a short interlude earlier on competing WAYE (AM 860) in the late 1980s which then had billed itself as "Big Band 86". The station changed broadcast frequency a decade later from its longtime position on the dial at 1360 kHz to 1370 kHz on July 22, 2002, which allowed it to operate with increased power but with highly directional signals from separate day and night transmitter sites.
Serving as the only regional station playing the "Great Depression" and World War II era music remembered by what came to be known as "the Greatest Generation", the station's hosts/DJ's and publicity staff encouraged and supported a number of unofficial fan clubs, singers and bands/orchestra followers, organizing social events, dances and musical concerts in the area, including touring national combos and several well-known local performers such as Zim Zemarel and His Orchestra.
After 13 years with the "big band"/"swing" musical programming (an unusually long time in the frequently unstable, changeable radio broadcasting industry), in June 2006, WWLG became WVIE, billed as "V-1370, The Voice", a talk station aimed at women with programming from Joy Browne, Laura Ingraham, Tammy Bruce, Laura Schlessinger, and longtime TV talk show host Sally Jessy Raphael. By late 2007, Bruce and Raphael had been dropped in favor of non-female oriented / general talk radio programming with conservative viewpoints such as Mancow Muller, Glenn Beck, and Phil Hendrie. On September 8, 2008, WVIE moved to a sports talk format, advertised as "Fox Sports Radio 1370".
After two and a half years, in May 2011, WVIE began moving away from the sports format, adding the long-form news/features program "America's Morning News" (syndicated by Talk Radio Network) in morning drive time from 5 to 9 a.m., and returned to the "V-1370" branding. That July, WVIE dropped its locally oriented sports talk shows in favor of carrying "America's Radio News", an all-news network, complementing its sister conservative talk station on the AM dial at WCBM (680); nighttime and weekend programming were still provided by Fox Sports Radio.
A little more than a year later, August 6, 2012, WVIE changed its format to oldies/classic hits, branded as "Q-1370", returning a bit to its previous years from 1993-2006 as WWLG with the 1930s and 1940s era music, only now also supplemented with the tunes from the next two decades of the 1950s and 1960s of the "rock and roll" era with what became known as "oldies" (also occasionally known as "goodies"), with now antique and classic vinyl 45 rpm records. WQLL is now using Classic Hits (Westwood One) programming service for its format and "Alan Lee's Roadhouse Oldies Show"'' a local enthusiast, appears on Wednesday Nights from 6 pm to 8 pm along with several other nationally syndicated "records and commentary" shows and also including broadcasting UMBC Retrievers men's basketball games from Catonsville/Arbutus's University of Maryland at Baltimore County. On August 7, 2012, the station's call letters were officially changed to WQLL. In September 2013, WQLL added a new translator, W260BV, now broadcasting/transmitting from White Marsh, Maryland in eastern Baltimore County and Bel Air, Maryland in neighboring Harford County on 99.9 FM and rebranded itself as "Q-1370 AM & 99.9 FM" with simultaneous broadcasting on both wavelengths. On May 16, 2016, WQLL added a live, local morning drive program headed by Baltimore radio veteran Steve Rouse ("Rouse and Company"). This show lasted for over a year with Steve's Radio partners, Tracy Hart and Pat O'Neill. In July 2017, Rouse retired from the station for medical reasons and the Morning Show (Mon-Fri 6a-10a) continued with "Hart and O'Neill". Management hired the Program Director of WCBM to manage the Programming of WQLL, Sean Casey, in October 2017. Currently, the Morning Show is hosted by Pat O'Neill.
References
External links
QLL
Category:Classic hits radio stations in the United States
Category:Radio stations established in 1955
Category:1955 establishments in Maryland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah (Jawi: سلطان ميزان زين العابدين ابن المرحوم سلطان محمود المكتفي بالله شاه; born 22 January 1962) is the 18th and current Sultan of Terengganu. He served as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch of Malaysia, from 2006 to 2011. He is Malay by ethnicity and an adherent of Sunni Islam.
Early life and education
Mizan Zainal Abidin was born at Istana Maziah in Kuala Terengganu, the eldest son of Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah by his second wife, Sharifa Nong Fatima Alsaggof. Sharifa's family is of Arab descent, from Sayidd Omar Aljunied (her maternal great-grandfather), one of the modern pioneers of Singapore.
Mizan Zainal Abidin studied at Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Sulaiman and Sekolah Menengah Sultan Sulaiman, Kuala Terengganu. He went overseas to study at the Geelong Grammar School in Geelong, Australia. In 1988, he completed his undergraduate studies at US International University-Europe (now called Alliant International University) in London, earning a B.A. in International Relations.
Mizan Zainal Abidin participated in the military course PRE SMC (E) 33 at the Army School of Languages from 1982 to 1983. He then studied the military course SMC 33 at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in England, successfully completing the course as Cadet Officer on 9 December 1983.
Career before becoming Sultan
On 15 September 1981, Tuanku Mizan was appointed as Assistant Land Levy Collector, working for a period of about a year at the District Land Office in Kuala Terengganu, prior to his departure overseas to attend the military course in England. Tuanku Mizan's next appointment in 1988 was as State Administrative Officer at the State Economic Planning Unit (UPEN) in Wisma Darul Iman, Kuala Terengganu. Besides working for UPEN, Tuanku Mizan was also Assistant District Land Officer at the Kuala Terengganu District Land Office.
Sultan
Mizan was appointed the Yang di-Pertuan Muda of the State of Terengganu on 6 November 1979. On 20 October 1990, he was appointed the Acting Sultan of Terengganu to 8 November 1990.
From 1991 to 1995, Mizan was President of the Council for Islam and Malay Culture of Terengganu.
Mizan became the youngest ruler of a Malaysian federal state when he was appointed as the Sultan of Terengganu on 15 May 1998 following the death of his father, Sultan Mahmud. Mizan was crowned as the 17th Sultan of Terengganu on 4 March 1999.
2008 Menteri Besar Appointment Crisis
The state of Terengganu, where Barisan Nasional won two-thirds of the seats in the state parliament, was the last to appoint a Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) after the 2008 general elections. In the formation of the new Terengganu state government, the federal government under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi recommended Idris Jusoh as Menteri Besar, who received full support of 23 of the 24 Barisan Nasional state assemblymen elected. However, on 22 March, the office of the Sultan of Terengganu announced the appointment of Kijal assemblyman Ahmad Said instead of Idris Jusoh, as was the Sultan's constitutional right.
The Prime Minister claimed that the appointment of Ahmad Said was unconstitutional as it went against the wishes of the assemblymen and the Prime Minister's office, all of whom had supported Idris Jusoh's candidacy for Menteri Besar.
On 26 March, Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin met at Istana Negara to resolve the impasse. The Prime Minister accepted the King's appointment of Ahmad Said as Menteri Besar of Terengganu. He also apologised to the King for the public spat over the appointment of the Menteri Besar, explaining that there was no intention to disparage or humiliate the royal household. This apparent climbdown was due to the possibility that the royal household would be prepared to dissolve the state assembly if there had been a motion of no-confidence against Ahmad Said by the 23 UMNO state assemblymen.
Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Mizan was appointed Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 26 April 1999 after Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, the Sultan of Selangor was elected the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong by the Conference of Rulers. Following the illness and subsequently death of Salahuddin, Mizan served as Acting YDPA from 8 October to 12 December 2001.
Mizan was re-appointed Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 13 December 2001 after the Conference of Rulers elected Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin as the 12th YDPA.
Mizan served as the first Chancellor of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) from 2001 to 2006.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
On 3 November 2006, Mizan was elected by the Conference of Rulers to become the 13th YDPA, with his five-year term starting 13 December 2006. The Conference of Rulers appointed Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah as the Deputy YDPA. Mizan's appointment was the fourth following a second rotation system amongst the nine Malay Rulers. This five-year rotational constitutional monarchy is unique to Malaysia.
On 26 April 2007, Mizan was formally installed as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
Mizan, 44, is the third youngest YDPA after Tuanku Syed Putra of Perlis and Tuanku Abdul Halim of Kedah who were elected at age 40 and 43 respectively. He is also the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong born after Hari Merdeka (Malaysian Independence Day), which fell on 31 August 1957.
Marriage and family
Mizan married Sultanah Nur Zahirah on 28 March 1996 in Kuala Terengganu. She is the only second Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen of Malaysia) to habitually wear the hijab (ritual Islamic headscarf for women), and the third to have been born a commoner.
The royal couple has two sons and two daughters: Tengku Nadhirah Zaharah, the Tengku Puteri Utama Raja (b. 18 December 1996), Tengku Muhammad Ismail, the Yang di-Pertuan Muda (b. 1 March 1998), Tengku Muhammad Mua′az, the Tengku Sri Setia Mahkota Raja (b. 22 December 2000), Tengku Fatimatuz Zahra, the Tengku Puteri Daulath Raja (b. 19 April 2002) .
After Sultan Mizan was elected as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, he appointed Tengku Muhammad Ismail, then aged eight, as Regent on 12 November 2006. Because of Tengku Muhammad Ismail's young age, a three-member Regency Advisory Council was established to discharge his duties for him. The council's members were Tengku Baderulzaman, Sultan Mizan's younger brother, Tengku Sulaiman Ismail, Sultan Mizan's uncle, and former Federal Court judge Dato' Abdul Kadir Sulaiman. He was proclaimed as regent during a ceremony on 12 December.
Upon reaching Mukallaf (13 years of age), the Islamic age of responsibility, and according to Syariah law and the constitution of Terengganu, Tuanku Muhammad Ismail became able to discharge his duties himself. However, the Sultan formed another council, Majlis Perwakilan Pemangku Raja, to perform the Regent’s duty while he was away from Terengganu pursuing his studies. This second and current council is headed by Tengku Mustafa Kamel, another of Sultan Mizan’s younger brothers, together with former Regency Advisory Council members Tengku Sri Laksamana Raja Tengku Sulaiman Ismail and Dato' Haji Abdul Kadir Sulaiman.
During his younger days, Sultan Mizan was a keen footballer. He is currently active in golf, endurance riding and scuba diving. In addition, the Global Taekwondo Federation GTF) awarded Mizan an Honorary 7th Degree Black Belt in recognition of his active participation in the sport.
Titles and styles
22 January 1962 - 21 September 1979: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Tengku Mahmud.
21 September 1979 – 6 November 1979: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah.
6 November 1979 - 15 May 1998: His Royal Highness (Duli Yang Teramat Mulia) Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Terengganu.
15 May 1998 - 8 October 2001: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Sultan of Terengganu.
8 October 2001 - 12 December 2001: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Sultan of Terengganu, Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
12 December 2001 - 13 December 2006: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Sultan of Terengganu.
13 December 2006 - 12 December 2011: His Majesty (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda) Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII.
12 December 2011 - Present: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, The Sultan of Terengganu.
Mizan held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force in his full constitutional duties as Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces as well as the ranks of Field Marshal of the Malaysian Army and Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Malaysian Navy during his tenure as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, thus becoming the fourth monarch and the second by a Malaysian ex-alumnus of RMA Sandhurst (although did not became an officer) to rise from the ranks.
Officially, Mizan's full style and title after 12 December 2011 is Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah or translated into English as
His Royal Highness Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah.
He is the Malaysian Royal Armoured Corps' current Colonel-in-Chief, and also of the Kor Ordnans DiRaja (Royal Ordnance Corps), both of the Malaysian Army, as all his predecessors have been.
Honours
See also : List of honours of the Terengganu Royal Family by countryHe has been awarded the following honours:
Honours of Terengganu
Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu Grand Master and recipient (DKT, since 15 May 1998)
Royal Family Order of Terengganu : Founding Grand Master and recipient (DKR, 6 July 2000)
Family Order of Terengganu : First Class (DK I, 9 March 1981) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998)
Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu :
Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Companion (SSMZ, 6 July 2001)
Funding Supreme class (SUMZ, 26 May 2005)
Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu : Member Grand Companion (SSMT, 12 February 1989) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998)
Order of the Crown of Terengganu : Knight Grand Commander (SPMT, 6 March 1982) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998)
Honours of Malaysia
(as Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 13 December 2006 until 12 December 2011) :
Order of the Royal House of Malaysia (DKM) : Grand Master (2006-2011) and Recipient (5 April 2007)
Order of the Crown of the Realm : Recipient (DMN, 27 February 1999) and Grand Master (2006-2011)
Order of the Defender of the Realm : Grand Commander (SMN, 27 February 1999) and Grand Master (2006-2011)
Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia : Grand Master (2006-2011)
Order of Merit of Malaysia : Grand Master (2006-2011)
Order for Important Services (Malaysia) : Grand Master (2006-2011)
Order of the Royal Household : Grand Master (2006-2011)
:
First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK, 8 April 1986)
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ, 8 April 1986)
Sultan Ibrahim Coronation Medal (23 March 2015)
:
Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK, 21 January 2002)
:
Recipient of the Royal Family Order or Star of Yunus (DK, 30 March 2002)
:
Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, 19 July 2001)
:
Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK)
:
Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, 28 May 1998)
:
First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK, 10 April 2003)
Foreign Honours
: Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB) (9 March 1999) Sultan of Brunei Golden Jubilee Medal (5 October 2017)
: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Merit of Chile
: Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour
: First class (or Adipurna) of the Order of the Republic of Indonesia (17 October 2011)
: Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence of Qatar (13 December 2010)
: Knight of the Order of Rajamitrabhorn (9 March 2009)
Legacy
Several projects and institutions were named after the Sultan, including:
Educational institutions
Institut Pendidikan Guru, Kampus Sultan Mizan in Besut
Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin in Dungun
SMK Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin in Kuala Terengganu
Buildings, Bridges and Roads
Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (known as Iron Mosque) in Putrajaya
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium in Kuala Terengganu
Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque in Kerteh
Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin in Wangsa Maju, Kuala Lumpur
Jalan Tengku Mizan on Federal Route in Kuala Terengganu
Others
Yayasan DiRaja Sultan Mizan (YDSM) or Sultan Mizan Royal Foundation
Ancestry
References
Sultan Mizan moved to tears at ceremony, The Star, 13 December 2006.
Sultan Mizan the second youngest to become King, The Star, 14 December 2006.
Majestic welcome for Terengganu royals, The Star'', 14 December 2006.
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Category:Monarchs of Malaysia
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Category:Malaysian people of Arab descent
Category:Marshals of the Royal Malaysian Air Force
Category:People from Terengganu
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Category:Royal House of Terengganu
Category:People educated at Geelong Grammar School
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Category:United States International University alumni
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Category:Members Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu
Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Terengganu
Category:Recipients of the Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm
Category:First Classes of Royal Family Order of Selangor
Category:First Classes of the Royal Family Order of Johor
Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor
Category:Members of the Royal Family Order of Kedah
Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Category:20th-century Malaysian politicians
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Category:Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Malaysia
Category:Southeast Asian Games medalists in equestrian
Category:Competitors at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
That's How You Write a Song
"That's How You Write a Song" is a song written and performed by Belarusian-Norwegian singer Alexander Rybak. It represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal. The song was released as a digital download on 15 January 2018.
Eurovision Song Contest
Melodi Grand Prix 2018 was the 56th edition of the Norwegian national final Melodi Grand Prix and it selected Norway's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. Ten songs were chosen to participate, and the selected singers, entries and composers were revealed on 15 January 2018. The ten songs competed during the final at the Oslo Spektrum on 10 March 2018, hosted by Kåre Magnus Bergh and Silya Nymoen. The four acts who received the most votes from the Norwegian public progressed to the silver final. In the silver final, the two acts who received the most votes from the public progressed to the gold duel. In the gold duel the act who received the most votes from the public was declared the winner. Alexander Rybak won with the song "That's How You Write a Song", receiving 71% of the vote in the Gold Duel. The song competed in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, held on 10 May 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal.
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Category:Eurovision songs of Norway
Category:Eurovision songs of 2018
Category:2018 songs
Category:2018 singles
Category:English-language Norwegian songs
Category:Alexander Rybak songs
Category:Songs written by Alexander Rybak | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sinclair, Iowa
Sinclair is an unincorporated community in Butler County, Iowa, United States. It was a frequent stop for the Underground Railroad during and before the American Civil War. The town was founded in 1743. Prior to the founding of the town, it was nothing more than a railroad stop. Throughout the decades the town has had periods of expansion and periods of struggle. During the Great Depression, the town of Sinclair and the small population suffered greatly.
Tornado
On May 25, 2008, an EF5 tornado ripped through southern Butler County, and destroyed the Sinclair grain elevator; ripping apart grain bins and throwing anhydrous ammonia tanks into fields.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Butler County, Iowa
Category:Unincorporated communities in Iowa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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