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Positional game
A positional game is a kind of a combinatorial game for two players. It is described by:
a finite set of elements. Often is called the board and its elements are called positions.
a family of subsets of . These subsets are usually called the winning-sets.
A criterion for winning the game.
During the game, players alternately claim previously-unclaimed positions, until one of the players wins. If all positions in are taken while no player wins, the game is considered a draw.
The classic example of a positional game is Tic-tac-toe. In it, contains the 9 squares of the game-board, contains the 8 lines that determine a victory (3 horizontal, 3 vertical and 2 diagonal), and the winning criterion is: the first player who holds an entire winning-set wins. Other examples of positional games are Hex and the Shannon switching game.
For every positional game there are exactly three options: either the first player has a winning strategy, or the second player has a winning strategy, or both players have strategies to enforce a draw. The main question of interest in the study of these games is which of these three options holds in any particular game.
A positional game is finite, deterministic and has perfect information; therefore, in theory it is possible to create the full game tree and determine which of these three options holds. In practice, however, the game-tree might be enormous. Therefore, positional games are usually analyzed via more sophisticated combinatorial techniques.
Alternative terminology
Often, the input to a positional game is considered a hypergraph. In this case:
The elements of are called vertices (or points), and denoted by V;
The elements of are called edges (or hyperedges), and denoted by E or H.
Variants
There are many variants of positional games, differing in their rules and their winning criteria.
Different winning criteria
Strong positional game (also called Maker-Maker game) the first player to claim all of the elements of a winning-set wins. If the game ends with all elements of the board claimed, but no player has claimed all elements of a winning set, it is a draw. An example is classic Tic-tac-toe.
Maker-Breaker game the two players are called Maker and Breaker. Maker wins by claiming all elements of a winning set. If the game ends with all elements of the board claimed, and Maker has not yet won, then Breaker wins. Draws are not possible. An example is Shannon switching game.
Avoider-Enforcer game the players are called Avoider and Enforcer. Enforcer wins if Avoider ever claims all of the elements of a winning-set. If the game ends with all elements of the board claimed, and Avoider has not claimed a winning set, then Avoider wins. As in maker-breaker games, a draw is not possible. An example is Sim.
Discrepancy game the players are called Balancer and Unbalancer. Balancer wins if he ensures that in all winning-sets, each player has roughly half of the vertices. Otherwise Unbalancer wins.
Different game-rules
Waiter-Client game (also called Picker-Chooser game) the players are called Waiter and Client. In each turn, Waiter picks two positions and shows them to Client, who can choose one of them.
Biased positional game each positional game has a biased variant, in which the first player can take p elements at a time and the second player can take q elements at a time (in the unbiased variant, p=q=1).
Specific games
The following table lists some specific positional games that were widely studied in the literature.
See also
Topological game, a generalization of a positional game to infinite sets
Banach–Mazur game, a game played on a topological space by choosing among certain subsets, with winning conditions resembling those of a maker-breaker game
References
* | {
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Tuganbay
Tuganbay (, Týǵanbaı), formerly Frunze, is a village in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan.
External links
Tageo.com
Category:Populated places in Almaty Region | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Guillermo Calderón
Guillermo Calderón is a Chilean playwright, director, and screenwriter. His plays have been produced at The Public Theater, Royal Court Theatre, and around the world.
Biography
Calderón was born in Santiago, Chile in 1971. Growing up in Chile He studied acting at the Theater School of the University of Chile in addition to the Dell'Arte School of Physical Theater in California, and receiving a Master's Degree in Film Theory at the City University of New York.
Career
Calderón's plays include: B, Clase, Diciembre, Escuela, Gold Rush, Kiss, Mateluna, Neva, Quake, Speech, and Villa.
References
Guillermo Calderón's profile on the World Theatre Map.
Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chilean screenwriters
Category:People from Santiago
Category:Chilean directors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Democrats for Nixon
Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election. The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas, John Connally.
Connally, who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury, announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent.
A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy, Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972. Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited "all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice". Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern's campaign and felt that the Democratic party "is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party's most loyal and steadfast members" under McGovern's leadership. The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville, Tennessee, former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant, Mayor of Boston John F. Collins, Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth, New Jersey, Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons, Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin, Jr., Mayor of Miami, Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency. A fundraising target of as much as $3 million was set for the organization. Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci, a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids, would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon.
In a September 1972 article in The New York Times, Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they "are afraid of George McGovern" because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe. Connally insisted that "it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year".
While Connally remained a Democrat throughout 1972, he eventually switched his political party affiliation to Republican in 1973.
See also
Reagan Democrat
References
Category:1972 United States presidential election
Category:Richard Nixon
Category:Defunct American political movements
Category:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jacob Maddox
Jacob Christian Maddox (born 3 November 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Southampton, on loan from Chelsea.
Club career
Maddox was born in Bristol and began his career with Bristol City, moving to Chelsea at the end of his under-14 year. He moved on loan to Cheltenham Town in July 2018. He made his professional debut on the first day of the 2018–19 season, starting the game against Crawley Town.
On 8 August 2019, Maddox joined Tranmere Rovers on a season loan deal. After two EFL Trophy appearances the loan was ended on 12 December 2019.
Maddox joined fellow Premier League side Southampton on loan on 2 February 2020. The contact includes an option to buy at the end of the season. Maddox will initially be part of Southampton’s Under-23 squad.
International career
He has been a youth international for England, up to under-20 level. In June 2017, he was selected to represent England at the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Career statistics
References
Category:1998 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Bristol
Category:English footballers
Category:England youth international footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Bristol City F.C. players
Category:Chelsea F.C. players
Category:Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Category:Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Southampton F.C. players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and also used by the farming populace in Egypt. This calendar is based on the ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted of the intercalation of a sixth epagomenal day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the reform was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus imposed the Decree upon Egypt as its official calendar (although it was unsynchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar which had erroneously been intercalating leap days every third year due to a misinterpration of the leap year rule so as to apply inclusive counting). To distinguish it from the Ancient Egyptian calendar, which remained in use by some astronomers until medieval times, this reformed calendar is known as the Coptic calendar. Its years and months coincide with those of the Ethiopian calendar but have different numbers and names.
Coptic year
The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and one at the end of the year of 5 days in length, except in leap years when the month is 6 days. Today, and until 2099, the year starts on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar or on the 12th in the year before (Julian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Julian Calendar so that the extra month always has six days in the year before a Julian Leap Year.
The Feast of Neyrouz marks the first day of the Coptic year. Ignorant of the Persian language for the most part, the Arabs confused the Egyptian new year's celebrations, which the Egyptians called the feast of Ni-Yarouou (the feast of the rivers), with the Persian feast of Nowruz. The misnomer remains today, and the celebrations of the Egyptian new year on the first day of the month of Thout are known as the Neyrouz. Its celebration falls on the 1st day of the month of Thout, the first month of the Egyptian year, which for 1901 to 2098 usually coincides with 11 September, except before a Gregorian leap year when it is 12 September. Coptic years are counted from 284 AD, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt. Hence, the Coptic year is identified by the abbreviation A.M. (for Anno Martyrum or "Year of the Martyrs"). The first day of the year I of the Coptic era was 29 August 284 in the Julian calendar. Note that A.M. abbreviation is also used for unrelated calendar eras (such as the Byzantine and Jewish calendar epochs) which start at the putative creation of the world; it then stands for Anno Mundi.
Every fourth Coptic year is a leap year without exception, as in the Julian calendar, so the above-mentioned new year dates apply only between 1900 and 2099 inclusive in the Gregorian Calendar. In the Julian Calendar, the new year is always 29 August, except before a Julian leap year when it is 30 August. Easter is reckoned by the Julian Calendar in the Old Calendarist way.
To obtain the Coptic year number, subtract from the Julian year number either 283 (before the Julian new year) or 284 (after it).
Date of Christmas
Coptic Christmas is observed on what the Julian Calendar labels 25 December, a date that currently corresponds with 7 January on the more widely used Gregorian Calendar (which is also when Christmas is observed in Eastern Orthodox countries such as Russia). The 25 December Nativity of Christ was alleged very early by Hippolytus of Rome (170–236) in his Commentary on Daniel 4:23: "The first coming of our Lord, that in the flesh, in which he was born at Bethlehem, took place eight days before the calends of January, a Wednesday, in the forty-second year of the reign of Augustus, 5500 years from Adam." Another early source is Theophilus Bishop of Caesarea (115–181): "We ought to celebrate the birth-day of our Lord on what day soever the 25th of December shall happen." (Magdeburgenses, Cent. 2. c. 6. Hospinian, de origine Festorum Christianorum). However, it was not until 367 that 25 December was begun to be universally accepted. Before that, the Eastern Church had kept 6 January as the Nativity under the name "Epiphany." John Chrysostom, in a sermon preached in Antioch in 387, relates how the correct date of the Nativity was brought to the East ten years earlier. Dionysius of Alexandria emphatically quoted mystical justifications for this very choice. 25 March was considered to be the anniversary of Creation itself. It was the first day of the year in the medieval Julian calendar and the nominal vernal equinox (it had been the actual equinox at the time when the Julian calendar was originally designed). Considering that Jesus was thought to have been conceived on that date, 25 March was recognized as the Feast of the Annunciation which had to be followed, nine months later, by the celebration of the birth of Christ, Christmas, on 25 December.
There may have been more practical considerations for choosing 25 December. The choice would help substitute a major Christian holiday for the popular Pagan celebrations surrounding the Winter Solstice (Roman Sol Sticia, the three-day stasis when the sun would rise consecutively in its southernmost point before heading north, 21, 22 and 23 December. In AD 274, Emperor Aurelian had declared a civil holiday on 25 December (the "Festival of the birth of the Unconquered Sun") to celebrate the deity Sol Invictus. Finally, joyous festivals are needed at that time of year, to fight the natural gloom of the season (in the Northern Hemisphere).
Until the 16th century, 25 December coincided with 29 Koiak of the Coptic calendar. However, upon the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, 25 December shifted 10 days earlier in comparison with the Julian and Coptic calendars. Furthermore, the Gregorian calendar drops 3 leap days every 400 years to closely approximate the length of a solar year. As a result, the Coptic Christmas advances a day each time the Gregorian calendar drops a leap day (years AD 1700, 1800, and 1900). This is the reason why Old-Calendrists (using the Julian and Coptic calendars) presently celebrate Christmas on 7 January, 13 days after the New-Calendrists (using the Gregorian calendar), who celebrate Christmas on 25 December. From AD 2100, the Coptic Christmas will be on the Gregorian date of 8 January.
Date of Easter
According to Christian tradition, Jesus died at the ninth hour (that is, the canonical hour of nona—3:00 pm) of the first full day of Pesach, when that day fell on a Friday; and arose from the dead at or by the first (canonical) hour of the next Sunday. The day of Pesach (Pascha or Passover, 15 Nisan), is always at the first full moon following the northern vernal equinox. At the First Ecumenical Council, held in AD 325 at Nicaea, it was decided to celebrate Easter on the Sunday following the so-called Paschal Full Moon, as for the Christian church to differentiate itself from their Jewish counterparts.
At the Council of Nicaea, it became one of the duties of the patriarch of Alexandria to determine the dates of the Easter and to announce it to the other Christian churches. This duty fell on this officiate because of the erudition at Alexandria he could draw on. The rules to determine this are complex, but Easter is the first Sunday after a full moon occurring after the northern vernal equinox, which falls on or after 21 March, which was its nominal date at the time of the First Council of Nicaea. Shortly after Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, the northern vernal equinox was occurring on the nominal date of 25 March. This was abandoned shortly after Nicaea, but the reason for the observed discrepancy was all but ignored (the actual tropical year is not quite equal to the Julian year of 365 days, so the date of the equinox keeps creeping back in the Julian calendar).
Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, there are different dates for holidays. In recent years there have been multiple attempts to unify these dates. Some people are skeptical about the success of these attempts. Eastern Orthodox use the Julian calendar while Catholics use the Gregorian calendar. Pope Tawadros, the Coptic pope, and Pope Francis, the Catholic pope, agreed to the proposal to celebrate Easter on the same day. Pope Tawadros's suggested to celebrate Easter on the second Sunday of April.
Coptic months
The following table refers to dates for Coptic years not containing February 29. Such years are preceded by a Coptic leap day at the end of the preceding year. This causes dates to move one day later in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars from the Coptic New Year's Day until the leap day of the Julian or Gregorian Calendar respectively.
Literature
Wolfgang Kosack: Der koptische Heiligenkalender. The Calendar of the Coptic Holies. Deutsch – Koptisch – Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollständig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger, Index der Namen auf Koptisch, Koptische Patriarchenliste, Geografische Liste. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, .
See also
Egyptian calendar
Ethiopian calendar
Computus
Era of Martyrs
Diocletian Era
References
External links
The Coptic Calendar of Martyrs
"Seasonal Almanac Based on the Coptic Calendar" is an Arabic manuscript from 1678.
The Coptic Calendar by Bishoy K. R. Dawood (1.29MB pdf file – historical development and technical discussion)
An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
Ancient Egyptian Calendar and Coptic Calendar
Calendar
Category:Liturgical calendars
Category:Egyptian calendar
Category:25 BC establishments | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
Ezzo ( – 21 March 1034), sometimes called Ehrenfried, a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 until his death. As brother-in-law of Emperor Otto III, father of Queen Richeza of Poland and several other illustrious children, he was one of the most important figures of the Rhenish history of his time.
Life
Ezzo was the son of the Lotharingian count palatine Herman I (died 996) and his wife Heylwig of Dillingen. He was sent as a child to be educated by Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg (episcopate 923–973), a relative of his mother. Nothing is known about his youth.
Having married Matilda of Germany (died 1025), a daughter of Emperor Otto II and his consort Theophanu, Ezzo became prominent during the reign of his brother-in-law, Emperor Otto III. The marriage was expressly consented by the Dowager Empress Theophanu, probably to rally the powerful family of Ezzo to the throne. Matilda received as dowry out of Ottonian possessions lands in Thuringia and in the Duchy of Franconia (Orlamünde and the East Franconian territories of Coburg and Salz), while her husband gave her as dowry the family estate of Brauweiler near Cologne.
At the death of his father in 996, Herman's rich allodial property was shared between his sons. Ezzo received lands in Cochem on the Mosel river, in Maifeld, the Flamersheimer Wald and estates around Tomburg Castle near Rheinbach, as well as half the usufruct of Villewaldin. About the same time, he must have received the Palatinate and previous countal rights, as he is referred as count in the Auelgau in 1015 and as Count Palatine in the Bonngau in 1020. He also received the county of Ruhrgau with tutelage of Essen Abbey.
Unsuccessful candidate to the imperial throne upon the death of Emperor Otto III in 1002, his relation with the new Ottonian king Henry II was immediately very tensed. Henry disputed Ezzo's ownership of territories, that he defended as his wife's inheritance of late Otto III. The conflict dragged on for years and reached its peak in 1011. Facing disturbances in Lotharingia, and in need for Ezzo's military support, Henry was forced to come to terms. Ezzo's victory led the king to make concessions and to a complete transformation of its policy. He reconciled with Ezzo, recognized its rights of inheritance and gave him the royal territories of Kaiserswerth, Duisburg as well as Saalfeld in Thuringia for renouncing to the throne. He also associated the Ezzonid dynasty to his Eastern policies, and mediated the marriage of Ezzo's daughter Richeza with the heir to the Polish throne Mieszko II Lambert.
These huge territorial concessions made Ezzo one of the most powerful princes in the Empire. Ezzo's growing power and the increased prestige of his house were reflected in the founding of the family, Brauweiler Abbey, the place where his marriage had been celebrated and whose construction begun after a trip to Rome of the couple in 1024. The Benedictine monastery, which was consecrated in 1028 by Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne, was to be the grave and spiritual centre of the Ezzonid dynasty. The first member of the family buried there was Ezzo' wife Matilda, who died on 4 November 1025.
Very little is known about Ezzo's later life, but we are told that he died at a great age at Saalfeld on 21 March 1034, and was buried in Brauweiler.
Ezzo has been quite an impressive personality, even if the reporting on his life and offices, described by the glorifying author of Fundatio monasterii Brunwilarensis may be exaggerated. He was mostly active in political affairs when it came to his own interests and the standing of his house, and where he could increase his territories and authority. His dexterous management of the favours of Empress Theophano, Emperor Otto III and later Henry II, testify of his personal ambition and political dexterity.
Children
Ezzo and Mathilda left three sons and seven daughters. The first two sons, Liudolf and Otto were aimed at perpetuating the dynasty while the third Hermann, was raised to enter the clergy. Of the seven daughters only Richeza was conspicuously married, while the others were placed in monasteries of which they all became abbesses.
Liudolf (c. 1000–10 April 1031), Count of Zütphen.
Otto I (died 1047), Count Palatine of Lotharingia and later Duke of Swabia as Otto II.
Herman II (995–1056), Archbishop of Cologne.
Theophanu (died 1058), Abbess of Essen and Gerresheim.
Richeza (died 21 March 1063), Queen of Poland, married with King Mieszko II Lambert.
Adelheid (died c. 1030), Abbess of Nivelles (Nijvel).
Heilwig, Abbess of Neuss.
Mathilde, Abbess of Dietkirchen and Vilich.
Sophie, Abbess of St. Maria, Mainz.
Ida (died 1060), Abbess of Cologne and Gandersheim Abbey (founded in 852 by her ancestor Liudolf, Duke of Saxony).
After the death of his wife, Ezzo had another son named Henry (1055–1093), later Abbot of Gorze, with a concubine.
References
Sources
Kimpen, E., ‘Ezzonen und Hezeliniden in der rheinischen Pfalzgrafschaft’, Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Instituts für Geschichtsforschung. XII. Erg.-Band. (Innsbruck 1933) S.1–91.
Lewald, Ursula, 'Die Ezzonen. Das Schicksal eines rheinischen Fürstengeschlechts', Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 43 (1979) S.120–168.
Steinbach, F., ‘Die Ezzonen. Ein Versuch territorialpolitischen Zusammenschlusses der fränkischen Rheinlande’, Collectanea Franz Steinbach. Aufsätze und Abhandlungen zur Verfassungs-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, geschichtlichen Landeskunde und Kulturraumforschung, ed. F. Petri en G. Droege (Bonn 1967) S.64–81.
Van Droogenbroeck, F.J., ‘Paltsgraaf Herman II (†1085) en de stichting van de abdij van Affligem (28 juni 1062)’, Jaarboek voor Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis 2 (Hilversum 1999) S.38–95.
Van Droogenbroeck, F.J., ‘De betekenis van paltsgraaf Herman II (1064–1085) voor het graafschap Brabant’, Eigen Schoon en De Brabander 87 (Brussels 2004) S.1–166.
Wolter, Heinz, Ezzo Pfalzgraf von Lothringen, http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/persoenlichkeiten/E/Seiten/Ezzo.aspx.
External links
Category:950s births
Category:1034 deaths
Category:Palatinate of Lotharingia
Category:Counts Palatine of Germany
Category:Ezzonids
Category:Limburg-Stirum
Category:Burials at Brauweiler Abbey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Avenue Campus
Avenue Campus is a campus of the University of Southampton and is located in Southampton, England. It currently houses most of the University's Faculty of Humanities. It is located off of The Avenue, borders Southampton Common and is less than a mile from the University's main Highfield Campus.
History
Prior to the campus site being occupied by the University, the site was home to Taunton's School, a secondary school for boys, of which the main building still stands as part of the main campus building. The foundation stone of the main building was laid in 1925 and the building opened a year later at a cost of £48,286. In 1969, it was reorganised as a sixth form college for boys and renamed to Richard Taunton College.
The college remained on the site until 1993 when they moved to their present site on Hill Lane, on the opposite side of Southampton Common.
In December 1993, the University bought the site from Hampshire County Council for £2 million as a means of expansion. At the time, the University was seeking to expand, but due to the then planning laws the University could not expand its Highfield campus without accommodating a large number of car parking spaces in the form of three multi-storey car parks. As a result, the sought solution was to expand onto another campus and the former Taunton's school was chosen due to its close proximity to Highfield. In 1994, the London company Hawkins Brown was appointed to design the refurbishment of the old school buildings. These included the creation of a glass fronted courtyard, a large lecture theatre being installed in the old assembly hall, a cafe in the old gym and the extension of the building to include another lecture theatre and a wing to house the academic's offices. The building was completed and occupied from late 1996 ironically soon before the requirement for car parking was removed due to a change in planning regulations that allowed instead for an improved public transport network.
The campus further expanded with the construction of the Archaeology building, opened on 10 October 2006 by Coldplay member Will Champion, who had close connections to the Archaeology academics. The building cost £2.7 million.
Facilities
The campus consists of four buildings: the Archaeology and Burgess buildings, a former residential style building on Highfield Road and the main Parkes building, named after Reverend Dr James Parkes who founded the Parkes Institute for Jewish/Non-Jewish Relations that is based at the University.
The campus houses the University's faculty of Humanities and as a result the campus houses the offices of all the academics in the faculty (with the exception of Music which remained on the Highfield Campus where they could access the Turner Sims Concert Hall) as well as the faculty Student Office. The teaching buildings of the campus are all located in the Parkes Building and these consist of three lecture theatres and nine lecture and seminar rooms. In addition to this there are other learning aids in the form of six computer rooms, postgraduate research rooms, the Avenue Library of key course material and the Centre for Language Studies which also has a library of foreign language materials. Social facilities are solely provided by the Avenue Cafe, run by the University catering department. The grounds also contain two tennis courts.
Location
The campus is located on Highfield Road on the western edge of the Highfield district of Southampton. The area to the west of the campus is part of Southampton Common, only broken by the A33 The Avenue road into central Southampton. It is located a ten-minute walk away from the main Highfield campus and the route between the two campuses is a designated cycleway. The campus is served by the Unilink U2B bus service to Bassett Green, which runs down Highfield Road, and by the Unilink U2C to the city centre and the Bluestar 1 service to Winchester and Southampton city centre which runs down the Avenue nearby.
See also
Highfield Campus
References
External links
Humanities - University of Southampton
Avenue Campus - University of Southampton Open Data Network
Hawkins Brown - University of Southampton - Contains pictures of the redevelopment.
Category:University of Southampton
Category:University and college campuses in the United Kingdom
Category:Areas of Southampton | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Abelian sandpile model
The Abelian sandpile model, also known as the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld model, was the first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying self-organized criticality. It was introduced by Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld in a 1987 paper.
The model is a cellular automaton. In its original formulation, each site on a finite grid has an associated value that corresponds to the slope of the pile. This slope builds up as "grains of sand" (or "chips") are randomly placed onto the pile, until the slope exceeds a specific threshold value at which time that site collapses transferring sand into the adjacent sites, increasing their slope. Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld considered process of successive random placement of sand grains on the grid; each such placement of sand at a particular site may have no effect, or it may cause a cascading reaction that will affect many sites.
The model has since been studied on the infinite lattice, on other (non-square) lattices, and on arbitrary graphs (including directed multigraphs). It is closely related to the dollar game, a variant of the chip-firing game introduced by Biggs.
Definition (rectangular grids)
The sandpile model is a cellular automaton originally defined on a rectangular grid (checkerboard) of the standard square lattice .
To each vertex (side, field) of the grid, we associate a value (grains of sand, slope, particles) , with referred to as the (initial) configuration of the sandpile.
The dynamics of the automaton at iteration are then defined as follows:
Choose a random vertex according to some probability distribution (usually uniform).
Add one grain of sand to this vertex while letting the grain numbers for all other vertices unchanged, i.e. set and for all .
If all vertices are stable, i.e. for all , also the configuration is said to be stable. In this case, continue with the next iteration.
If at least one vertex is unstable, i.e. for some , the whole configuration is said to be unstable. In this case, choose any unstable vertex at random. Topple this vertex by reducing its grain number by four and by increasing the grain numbers of each of its (at maximum four) direct neighbors by one, i.e. set, and if .If a vertex at the boundary of the domain topples, this results in a net loss of grains (two grains at the corner of the grid, one grain otherwise).
Due to the redistribution of grains, the toppling of one vertex can render other vertices unstable. Thus, repeat the toppling procedure until all vertices of eventually become stable and continue with the next iteration.
The toppling of several vertices during one iteration is referred to as an avalanche. Every avalanche is guaranteed to eventually stop, i.e. after a finite number of topplings some stable configuration is reached such that the automaton is well defined. Moreover, although there will often be many possible choices for the order in which to topple vertices, the final stable configuration does not depend on the chosen order; this is one sense in which the sandpile is abelian. Similarly, the number of times each vertex topples during each iteration is also independent of the choice of toppling order.
Definition (undirected finite multigraphs)
To generalize the sandpile model from the rectangular grid of the standard square lattice to an arbitrary undirected finite multigraph without loops, a special vertex called the sink is specified that is not allowed to topple. A configuration (state) of the model is then a function counting the non-negative number of grains on each non-sink vertex. A non-sink vertex with
is unstable; it can be toppled, which sends one of its grains to each of its (non-sink) neighbors:
for all , .
The cellular automaton then progresses as before, i.e. by adding, in each iteration, one particle to a randomly chosen non-sink vertex and toppling until all vertices are stable.
The definition of the sandpile model given above for finite rectangular grids of the standard square lattice can then be seen as a special case of this definition: consider the graph which is obtained from by adding an additional vertex, the sink, and by drawing additional edges from the sink to every boundary vertex of such that the degree of every non-sink vertex of is four. In this manner, also sandpile models on non-rectangular grids of the standard square lattice (or of any other lattice) can be defined: Intersect some bounded subset of with . Contract every edge of whose two endpoints are not in . The single remaining vertex outside of then constitutes the sink of the resulting sandpile graph.
Transient and recurrent configurations
In the dynamics of the sandpile automaton defined above, some stable configurations ( for all ) appear infinitely often, while others can only appear a finite number of times (if at all). The former are referred to as recurrent configurations, while the latter are referred to as transient configurations. The recurrent configurations thereby consist of all stable non-negative configurations which can be reached from any other stable configuration by repeatadly adding grains of sand to vertices and toppling. It is easy to see that the minimally stable configuration , where every vertex carries grains of sand, is reachable from any other stable configuration (add grains to every vertex). Thus, equivalently, the recurrent configurations are exactly those configurations which can be reached from the minimally stable configuration by only adding grains of sand and stabilizing.
Not every non-negative stable configuration is recurrent. For example, in every sandpile model on a graph consisting of at least two connected non-sink vertices, every stable configuration where both vertices carry zero grains of sand is non-recurrent. To prove this, first note that the addition of grains of sand can only increase the total number of grains carried by the two vertices together. To reach a configuration where both vertices carry zero particles from a configuration where this is not the case thus necessarily involves steps where at least one of the two vertices is toppled. Consider the last one of these steps. In this step, one of the two vertices has to topple last. Since toppling transfers a grain of sand to every neighboring vertex, this implies that the total number of grains carried by both vertices together cannot be lower than one, which concludes the proof.
Sandpile group
Given a configuration , for all , toppling unstable non-sink vertices on a finite connected graph until no unstable non-sink vertex remains leads to a unique stable configuration , which is called the stabilization of . Given two stable configurations and , we can define the operation , corresponding to the vertex-wise addition of grains followed by the stabilization of the resulting sandpile.
Given an arbitrary but fixed ordering of the non-sink vertices, multiple toppling operations, which can e.g. occur during the stabilization of an unstable configuration, can be efficiently encoded by using the graph Laplacian , where is the degree matrix and is the adjacency matrix of the graph.
Deleting the row and column of corresponding with the sink yields the reduced graph Laplacian . Then, when starting with a configuration and toppling each vertex a total of times yields the configuration , where is the contraction product. Furthermore, if corresponds to the number of times each vertex is toppled during the stabilization of a given configuration , then
In this case, is referred to as the toppling or odometer function (of the stabilization of ).
Under the operation , the set of recurrent configurations forms an abelian group isomorphic to the cokernel of the reduced graph Laplacian , i.e. to , whereby denotes the number of vertices (including the sink). More generally, the set of stable configurations (transient and recurrent) forms a commutative monoid under the operation . The minimal ideal of this monoid is then isomorphic to the group of recurrent configurations.
The group formed by the recurrent configurations, as well as the group to which the former is isomorphic, is most commonly referred to as the sandpile group. Other common names for the same group are critical group, Jacobian group or (less often) Picard group. Note, however, that some authors only denote the group formed by the recurrent configurations as the sandpile group, while reserving the name Jacobian group or critical group for the (isomorphic) group defined by (or for related isomorphic definitions). Finally, some authors use the name Picard group to refer to the direct product of the sandpile group and , which naturally appears in a cellular automaton closely related to the sandpile model, referred to as the chip firing or dollar game.
Given the isomorphisms stated above, the order of the sandpile group is the determinant of , which by the matrix tree theorem is the number of spanning trees of the graph.
Self-organized criticality
The original interest behind the model stemmed from the fact that in simulations on lattices, it is attracted to its critical state, at which point the correlation length of the system and the correlation time of the system go to infinity, without any fine tuning of a system parameter. This contrasts with earlier examples of critical phenomena, such as the phase transitions between solid and liquid, or liquid and gas, where the critical point can only be reached by precise tuning (e.g., of temperature). Hence, in the sandpile model we can say that the criticality is self-organized.
Once the sandpile model reaches its critical state there is no correlation between the system's response to a perturbation and the details of a perturbation. Generally this means that dropping another grain of sand onto the pile may cause nothing to happen, or it may cause the entire pile to collapse in a massive slide. The model also displays 1/ƒ noise, a feature common to many complex systems in nature.
This model only displays critical behaviour in two or more dimensions. The sandpile model can be expressed in 1D; however, instead of evolving to its critical state, the 1D sandpile model instead reaches a minimally stable state where every lattice site goes toward the critical slope.
For two dimensions, the associated conformal field theory is suggested to be symplectic fermions with central charge c = −2.
Properties
Least action principle
The stabilization of chip configurations obeys a form of least action principle: each vertex topples no more than necessary in the course of the stabilization.
This can be formalized as follows. Call a sequence of topples legal if it only topples unstable vertices, and stabilizing if it results in a stable configuration. The standard way of stabilizing the sandpile is to find a maximal legal sequence; i.e., by toppling so long as it is possible. Such a sequence is obviously stabilizing, and the Abelian property of the sandpile is that all such sequences are equivalent up to permutation of the toppling order; that is, for any vertex , the number of times topples is the same in all legal stabilizing sequences. According to the least action principle, a minimal stabilizing sequence is also equivalent up to permutation of the toppling order to a legal (and still stabilizing) sequence. In particular, the configuration resulting from a minimal stabilizing sequence is the same as results from a maximal legal sequence.
More formally, if is a vector such that is the number of times the vertex topples during the stabilization (via the toppling of unstable vertices) of a chip configuration , and is an integral vector (not necessarily non-negative) such that is stable, then for all vertices .
Scaling limits
The animation shows the recurrent configuration corresponding to the identity of the sandpile group on different square grids of increasing sizes , whereby the configurations are rescaled to always have the same physical dimension. Visually, the identities on larger grids seem to become more and more detailed and to "converge to a continuous image". Mathematically, this suggests the existence of scaling-limits of the sandpile identity on square grids based on the notion of weak-* convergence (or some other, generalized notion of convergence). Indeed, existence of scaling limits of recurrent sandpile configurations has been proved by Wesley Pegden and Charles Smart
. In further joint work with Lionel Levine, they use the scaling limit to explain the fractal structure of the sandpile on square grids.
Generalizations and related models
Sandpile models on infinite grids
There exist several generalizations of the sandpile model to infinite grids. A challenge in such generalizations is that, in general, it is not guaranteed anymore that every avalanche will eventually stop. Several of the generalization thus only consider the stabilization of configurations for which this can be guaranteed.
A rather popular model on the (infinite) square lattice with sites is defined as follows:
Begin with some nonnegative configuration of values which is finite, meaning
Any site with
is unstable and can topple (or fire), sending one of its chips to each of its four neighbors:
Since the initial configuration is finite, the process is guaranteed to terminate, with the grains scattering outward.
A popular special case of this model is given when the initial configuration is zero for all vertices except the origin. If the origin carries a huge number of grains of sand, the configuration after relaxation forms fractal patterns (see figure). When letting the initial number of grains at the origin go to infinity, the rescaled stabilized configurations were shown to converge to a unique limit.
Sandpile models on directed graphs
The sandpile model can be generalized to arbitrary directed multigraphs. The rules are that any vertex with
is unstable; toppling again sends chips to each of its neighbors, one along each outgoing edge:
and, for each :
where is the number of edges from to .
In this case the Laplacian matrix is not symmetric. If we specify a sink such that there is a path from every other vertex to , then the stabilization operation on finite graphs is well-defined and the sandpile group can be written
as before.
The order of the sandpile group is again the determinant of , which by the general version of the matrix tree theorem is the number of oriented spanning trees rooted at the sink.
The extended sandpile model
To better understand the structure of the sandpile group for different finite convex grids of the standard square lattice , Lang and Shkolnikov introduced the extended sandpile model in 2019. The extended sandpile model is defined nearly exactly the same as the usual sandpile model (i.e. the original Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld model ), except that vertices at the boundary of the grid are now allowed to carry a non-negative real number of grains. In contrast, vertices in the interior of the grid are still only allowed to carry integer numbers of grains. The toppling rules remain unchanged, i.e. both interior and boundary vertices are assumed to become unstable and topple if the grain number reaches or exceeds four.
Also the recurrent configurations of the extended sandpile model form an abelian group, referred to as the extended sandpile group, of which the usual sandpile group is a discrete subgroup. Different to the usual sandpile group, the extended sandpile group is however a continuous Lie group. Since it is generated by only adding grains of sand to the boundary of the grid, the extended sandpile group furthermore has the topology of a torus of dimension and a volume given by the order of the usual sandpile group.
Of specific interest is the question how the recurrent configurations dynamically change along the continuous geodesics of this torus passing through the identity. This question leads to the definition of the sandpile dynamics
(extended sandpile model)
respectively
(usual sandpile model)
induced by the integer-valued harmonic function at time , with the identity of the sandpile group and the floor function.
For low-order polynomial harmonic functions, the sandpile dynamics are characterized by the
smooth transformation and apparent conservation of the patches
constituting the sandpile identity. For example, the harmonic dynamics induced by resemble the "smooth stretching" of the identity along the main diagonals visualized in the animation. The configurations appearing in the dynamics induced by the same harmonic function on square grids of different sizes were furthermore conjectured to weak-* converge, meaning that there supposedly exist scaling limits for them. This proposes a natural renormalization for the extended and usual sandpile groups, meaning a mapping of recurrent configurations on a given grid to recurrent configurations on a sub-grid. Informaly, this renormalization simply maps configurations appearing at a given time in the sandpile dynamics induced by some harmonic function on the larger grid to the corresponding configurations which appear at the same time in the sandpile dynamics induced by the restriction of to the respective sub-grid.
The divisible sandpile
A strongly related model is the so called divisible sandpile model, introduced by Levine and Peres in 2008, in which, instead of a discrete number of particles in each site , there is a real number representing the amount of mass on the site. In case such mass is negative, one can understand it as a hole. The topple occurs whenever a site has mass larger than 1; it topples the excess evenly between its neighbors resulting in the situation that, if a site is full at time , it will be full for all later times.
Cultural references
The Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld sandpile was mentioned on the Numb3rs episode "Rampage," as mathematician Charlie Eppes explains to his colleagues a solution to a criminal investigation.
The computer game Hexplode is based around the Abelian sandpile model on a finite hexagonal grid where instead of random grain placement, grains are placed by players.
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Self-organization
Category:Phase transitions
Category:Dynamical systems
Category:Critical phenomena
Category:Nonlinear systems
Category:Cellular automaton rules | {
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South/Southwest Hospital Group
The South/Southwest Hospital Group () is one of the hospital groups established by the Health Service Executive in Ireland.
History
The grouping of hospitals was announced by the Irish Minister for Health, Dr. James Reilly TD in May 2013, as part of a restructure of Irish public hospitals and a goal of delivering better patient care. The Group was given responsibility for the following hospitals:
Cork University Hospital
University Hospital Waterford
University Hospital Kerry
Mercy University Hospital
South Tipperary General Hospital
South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital
Bantry General Hospital
Mallow General Hospital
Kilcreene Orthopaedic Hospital
In September 2017 it was reported that the Health Service Executive was considering plans to move South Tipperary General Hospital to another hospital group.
Services
The Group is headed by a Chief Executive, who is accountable to the National Director for Acute Services in the Health Service Executive, and is responsibility for delivering inpatient care, emergency care, maternity services, outpatient care and diagnostic services at its designated hospitals. The Group's academic partner is University College Cork.
References
External links
Official site
Category:Hospital networks in Ireland
Category:Health Service Executive
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William Carlisle
William Carlisle may refer to:
Bill Carlisle (1908–2003), American country music singer, songwriter, comedian and guitarist popular in the late 1940s and 1950s
William L. Carlisle (1890–1964), one of the last train robbers in America | {
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1290 Chihli earthquake
The 1290 Chihli earthquake occurred on 27 September with an epicenter near Ningcheng, Zhongshu Sheng (Zhili or Chihli), Yuan Empire. This region is today administered as part of Inner Mongolia, China. The earthquake had an estimated surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. One estimate places the death toll at 7,270, while another has it at 100,000.
Damage
The earthquake destroyed 480 storehouses and countless houses in Ningcheng. Changping, Hejian, Renqiu, Xiongxian, Baoding, Yixian and Baixiang County were also affected. It severely damaged the Fengguo Temple in Yixian.
See also
List of earthquakes in China
List of historical earthquakes
References
1290
Category:13th-century earthquakes
Category:13th century in China
Category:1290 in Asia
Category:History of Inner Mongolia
Category:Yuan dynasty | {
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1979 Houston Cougars football team
The 1979 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cougars were led by 18th-year head coach Bill Yeoman and played their home games at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing as co-champions with Arkansas. This was Houston's second consecutive conference championship, and their third overall in their first four years as members of the conference.
The Cougars finished the season with a record of 11-1, their only loss was at home to the eighth-ranked Texas Longhorns 21-13. Houston was invited to the 1980 Cotton Bowl Classic, played on New Years' Day, where they defeated seventh-ranked Nebraska. Houston finished ranked fifth in both major final polls.
Schedule
Roster
References
Houston
Category:Houston Cougars football seasons
Category:Southwest Conference football champion seasons
Category:Cotton Bowl Classic champion seasons
Baylor | {
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Sclerotium delphinii
Sclerotium delphinii is a plant pathogen infecting mangoes.
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
References
Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Category:Mango tree diseases
Category:Typhulaceae | {
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Red Line (Lucknow Metro)
The Red Line (Line 1) (, Urdu: ریڈ لائن ) of the Lucknow Metro is a metro route of mass rapid transit system in Lucknow. It consists of 21 metro stations from CCS International Airport to Munshi Pulia with a total distance of 22.87 km. Most of the line is elevated.
List of stations
Following is a list of stations on this route
See also
References
External links
website
UrbanRail.Net – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
Category:Lucknow Metro lines
Category:Railway lines opened in 2017
Category:2017 establishments in India | {
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Mōri Terumoto
Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元, January 22, 1553 – June 2, 1625) was a Japanese daimyō. The son of Mōri Takamoto, and grandson and successor of the great warlord Mōri Motonari, he fought against Toyotomi Hideyoshi but was eventually overcome. He participated in the Kyūshū Campaign (1587) on Hideyoshi's side and built Hiroshima Castle, thus essentially founding Hiroshima.
Against Nobunaga & Hideyoshi
Terumoto participated in the 1582 Siege of Takamatsu.
After the 1583 Battle of Shizugatake, he became a vassal of Hideyoshi.
He participated in the Invasion of Shikoku (1585).
Against Ieyasu
He was a member of the council of Five Elders appointed by Hideyoshi. At the height of his power in late 16th century, Terumoto controlled 1.2 million koku. This means he could mobilize more than 40,000 men to a battle. He sided against Tokugawa Ieyasu as the general commander, but was not present at the Battle of Sekigahara. Terumoto was in Osaka Castle defending Toyotomi Hideyori at the time and surrendered to Ieyasu soon after Sekigahara. Ieyasu reduced Terumoto's domains, leaving him only Nagato and Suō Provinces, worth 369,000 koku in total. Finally, his behavior caused resentment of abundant vassals, and that led him to retire.
He is believed to have been a below-average general on and off the battlefield, having lacked motivation and will. He made little impact in these final years of the Sengoku period, as he often had his subordinates and lesser members of the clan fight instead. It is believed that if he had fought at Sekigahara or brought Hideyori to the battlefield, Ieyasu would have been defeated. However, he managed his domain well and successfully held the Mōri clan together even when his domain was reduced to a third.
He was succeeded by Mōri Hidenari.
He was known as a great patron of Hagi ware pottery.
Family
Father: Mōri Takamoto (毛利隆元, 1523–1563)
Mother: Ozaki no Tsubone (尾崎局, 1527–1572), daughter of Naitō Okimori (内藤興盛).
Main Wife: Seikōin (清光院, 1558–1631), daughter of Shishido Takaie (宍戸隆家).
Concubine: Seitaiin (清泰院, 1572–1604)
First Son: Mōri Hidenari (毛利秀就, 1595–1651)
First Daughter: Takehima (竹姫, 1600–1644), wife of Kikkawa Hiromasa (吉川広正).
Second Son: Mōri Naritaka (毛利就隆, 1602–1679)
Concubine: Omatsu (於松, ?–1641), fourth daughter of Hane Yamashiro-no-kami Motoyasu (羽根山城守元泰).
Concubine: Osen (於千, 1550–1658), daughter of Inoue Kawachi-no-kami Narimasa (井上河内守就正).
Concubine: Otsu (於鶴, ?–1677), daughter of Hanafusa Tarozaemon Yasuyuki (花房太郎左衛門尉某).
Concubine: Osana (於さな, ?–1644), daughter of Kodama Kozaemon Noritomo (児玉小左衛門真友).
Adopted Children:
Daughter: Komahime (古満姫, ?–1651), second daughter of Shishido Motohide (宍戸元秀). Wife of Kobayakawa Hideaki (小早川秀秋).
Son: Mōri Hidemoto (毛利秀元, 1579–1650), first son of Mōri Motokiyo (毛利元清) who was fourth son of the famous Mōri Motonari.
It is also said that Terumoto had a concubine who acted as an assassin.
References
Further reading
Category:1553 births
Category:1625 deaths
Category:Mōri clan
Category:Daimyo
Category:People of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
Category:People from Aki Province
Category:Tairō
Category:Toyotomi retainers
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Angelo Savoldi
Mario Louis Fornini (April 21, 1914 – September 20, 2013) was an Italian professional wrestler and wrestling promoter, better known professionally as Angelo Savoldi. At the time of his death, he was known as the world's oldest retired wrestler at the age of 99.
Early life
Fornini was born in Castrocielo, Italy in 1914. At the age of five, he and his family moved to the United States, where they lived in Hoboken, New Jersey. As a child, Fornini was reportedly friends with Frank Sinatra. He first began to wrestle at Demarest High School (now Hoboken High School), but left during the Great Depression to get a job cutting metal at the Cleveland Container.
Professional wrestling career
Fornini's brother Lou was a professional wrestler in New York, and so Fornini approached New York promoter Jack Pfefer. Pfefer christened him "Angelo Savoldi", and, billed as the brother of Joe Savoldi, he began wrestling in 1937. By 1938, Savoldi was regularly wrestling throughout the Northeastern United States. During World War II, Fornini joined the United States Navy. He later worked in Puerto Rico, becoming the first American to main event in that region.
It was in the 1950s that Savoldi became a star in the Oklahoma region, as a junior heavyweight (a term for lightweight). Wrestling as a heel (villainous character), he held the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship three times between 1958 and 1964. In Oklahoma, Savoldi feuded with Danny Hodge. On May 27, 1960, Savoldi and Hodge were facing off in a match, when Savoldi was stabbed with a pen knife by an angry fan that turned out to be Hodge's father.
Savoldi finished his in-ring career with the World Wide Wrestling Federation (now World Wrestling Entertainment) putting over the promotion's faces. He was also a trainer of younger wrestlers, with Jack Brisco and Hercules Ayala Cortez among them. In the 1970s Savoldi was a minority business partner in the WWWF.
In 1984 Angelo, with his sons Mario, Tom and Joseph Savoldi, established International Championship Wrestling (ICW) in the Northeastern region. Joseph was a featured wrestler for the promotion. Angelo received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cauliflower Alley Club in 2003, and was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2004.
Personal life
Fornini and his wife were married for 74 years, and had four sons. They lived in Parsippany, New Jersey, where Fornini owned a record shop with his son Mario.
Death
Fornini died at his home on September 20, 2013, at the age of 99. On the September 23, 2013, episode of WWE Raw, a short "in memoriam" video narrated by Vince McMahon was aired.
Championships and accomplishments
Cauliflower Alley Club
Art Abrams Lifetime Achievement Award (2003)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)
NWA Tri-State
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
New England Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2010
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Pioneer Era inductee in 2004
See also
List of oldest surviving professional wrestlers
References
External links
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame profile
Category:1914 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:American male professional wrestlers
Category:Hoboken High School alumni
Category:Italian male professional wrestlers
Category:Sportspeople from Hoboken, New Jersey
Category:People from Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey
Category:Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
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Association of Capavenir communes
The Association of Capavenir communes (French: Communauté de communes CAPAVENIR) is a French former administrative association of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was merged into the new Communauté d'agglomération d'Épinal in January 2013.
Created in 2004, the association had its administrative offices at Thaon-les-Vosges.
The name
Most French commune groupings of this type are named after the region in which they are located or after the largest town (usually also the administrative centre) in the territory. Capavenir is, however, an aspirational (and almost untranslatable) descriptive name evoking the future ("l'avenir") as a destination. The name is sometimes written in upper case letters as CAPAVENIR.
Composition
Membership covers 8 communes as follows:
Chavelot 1,480 inhabitants
Frizon 377 inhabitants
Gigney 74 inhabitants
Girmont 952 inhabitants
Mazeley 255 inhabitants
Nomexy 2,283 inhabitants
Oncourt 139 inhabitants
Thaon-les-Vosges 7,785 inhabitants
Sources and further reading
This article incorporates information from the equivalent article in the French Wikipedia, consulted during March 2009.
Capavenir | {
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The Killing Game (2011 film)
The Killing Game is a 2011 Lifetime Original Movie based on the novel The Killing Game by Iris Johansen. It was directed by Bobby Roth.
Plot
Forensic sculptor Eve Duncan (Laura Prepon) who, 10 years after the disappearance and murder of her seven-year-old daughter Bonnie, is contacted by a man claiming to be her killer. Taunted by the man's mysterious clues about Bonnie's case, Eve becomes involved in his sadistic game when he threatens to kill another little girl that he targeted because she resembles her precious daughter. Memories haunt her as she is caught in a web of deceit and gambles with her own life tracking down the deadly serial killer in the hopes of saving the girl's life's and discovering Bonnie's final resting place.
Cast
Laura Prepon as Eve Duncan
Ty Olsson as Joe Quinn
Kavan Smith as Mark
Teryl Rothery as Sarah Patrick
Brian Markinson as Spiro
Naomi Judd as Sandra Duncan
Jamie Bloch as Jane
Laura Wilson as Debby Jordan
Ian Butcher as Robert Fraser
Kathryn Dobbs as Nancy Taylor
Reception
Released around Hallowe'en, 2011, the TV reviewer David Hinckley of the New York Daily News said, the movie "provides a holiday-appropriate way to wrap up Halloween while you're unwrapping the candy corn." He says the movie may have trouble competing against other police procedurals then common on television at the time: "While Prepon does a good job conveying Eve's controlled desperation, with a mix of shrewd insight and world-weary self-protection, she's also got a lot of competition these days from women playing smart investigators. Kyra Sedgwick, Dana Delany, Maria Bello. It's a tough crowd to stand out in."
The movie rates poorly on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. Out of 39 audience ratings, it has an average approval rating of 35%.
References
Category:2011 television films
Category:2010s crime films
Category:American serial killer films
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:Lifetime (TV network) films
Category:Films directed by Bobby Roth | {
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Anna Kournikova (computer virus)
Anna Kournikova (named by its author as "Vbs.OnTheFly Created By OnTheFly") was a computer worm written by 20-year-old Dutch student Jan de Wit – who called himself "OnTheFly" – on February 11, 2001. It was designed to trick email users into opening a mail message purportedly containing a picture of the tennis player of the same name, while actually hiding a malicious program. The worm arrives in an email with the subject line "Here you have, ;0)" and an attached file called AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs. When launched under Microsoft Windows, the file does not display a picture of Anna Kournikova but launches a viral VBScript program that forwards itself to everybody in the Microsoft Outlook address book of the victim. Users of other operating systems (MacOS, Linux, etc) were not affected.
De Wit created Anna Kournikova using a simple and online available Visual Basic Worm Generator program by an Argentinian programmer called [K]Alamar. While similar to the ILOVEYOU worm that struck a year earlier in 2000, the Anna Kournikova worm did not corrupt data on the infected computer. Still, it affected millions of people and caused problems in email servers around the world.
Apparently, the author created the worm in a matter of hours. "The young man had downloaded a program on Sunday, February 11, from the Internet and later the same day, around 3:00 p.m., set the worm loose in a newsgroup." De Wit turned himself in to authorities in the town of Sneek located in the northern Dutch province of Friesland. "By the time he understood what the worm did, he had conferred with his parents and decided to turn himself in to the police."
The efforts of a virus writer working undercover for the FBI, David L. Smith (author of the Melissa virus, who was still serving his sentence), assisted in tracking down OnTheFly's real identity. De Wit turned himself in to the police in his hometown Sneek on February 14, 2001, after he posted a letter of confession on a website and a newsgroup of player Anna Kournikova (alt.binaries.anna-kournikova) dated February 13. In it, he admitted creating the virus using a toolkit and explained his motivations as to see whether the IT community had learned their lesson to better secure systems in the aftermath of previous virus infections. But besides admission and regret he also attributed external blame for the rate of spreading on the beauty of the tennis player (he had pinups of her on his website) and blamed those who opened the email, writing "it's their own fault they got infected."
A few days later, Mayor Sieboldt Hartkamp of Sneek made a tentative job offer to De Wit in the local administration's IT department, saying the city should be proud to have produced such a talented young man.
De Wit was tried in Leeuwarden and was charged with spreading data into a computer network with the intention of causing damage, a crime that carried a maximum sentence of four years in prison and a fine of 100,000 guilders (US$41,300). The lawyers for Jan de Wit called for the dismissal of charges against him, arguing that the worm caused minimal damage. The FBI submitted evidence to the Dutch court and suggested that US$166,000 in damages was caused by the worm. He denied any intent to cause damage. De Wit was sentenced to 150 hours of community service.
The 18-year-old Buenos Aires programmer who created the Worm Generator toolkit, removed the application's files from his website later in February 2001. "Once they heard my alias being mentioned on television, my friends recommended that I do so," he told ZDNet Latin America in an interview.
See also
Comparison of computer viruses
List of convicted computer criminals
Timeline of notable computer viruses and worms
References
Category:Computer worms
Category:Hacking in the 2000s
Category:2001 in computer science | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers
Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers (PARSEC) is a benchmark suite composed of multithreaded emerging workloads that is used to evaluate and develop next-generation chip-multiprocessors. It was collaboratively created by Intel and Princeton University to drive research efforts on future computer systems. Since its inception the benchmark suite has become a community project that is continued to be improved by a broad range of research institutions. PARSEC is freely available and is used for both academic and non-academic research.
Motivation
With the emergence of chip-multiprocessors computer manufacturers were faced with a problem: The new technology caused a disruptive change. For the first time in computer history software would have to be rewritten in order to take advantage of the parallel nature of those processors, which means that existing programs could not be used effectively to test and develop those new types of computer systems. At that time parallel software only existed in very specialized areas. However, before chip-multiprocessors became commonly available software developers were not willing to rewrite any mainstream programs, which means hardware manufacturers did not have access to any programs for test and development purposes that represented the expected real-world program behavior accurately. This posed a hen-and-egg problem that motivated a new type of benchmark suite with parallel programs that could take full advantage of chip-multiprocessors.
PARSEC was created to break this circular dependency. It was designed to fulfill the following five objectives:
Focuses on multithreaded applications
Includes emerging workloads
Has a diverse selection of programs
Workloads employ state-of-art techniques
The suite supports research
Traditional benchmarks that were publicly available before PARSEC were generally limited in their scope of included application domains or typically only available in an unparallelized, serial version. Parallel programs were only prevalent in the domain of High-Performance Computing and on a much smaller scale in business environments. Chip-multiprocessors however were expected to be heavily used in all areas of computing such as with parallelized consumer applications.
Workloads
The PARSEC Benchmark Suite is available in version 2.1, which includes the following workloads:
Blackscholes
Bodytrack
Canneal
Dedup
Facesim
Ferret
Fluidanimate
Freqmine
Raytrace
Streamcluster
Swaptions
Vips
X264
References
External links
The PARSEC Benchmark Suite
The PARSEC Wiki
Category:Benchmarks (computing)
Category:Evaluation of computers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Baal (disambiguation)
Baal is a Semitic term for "Lord" or "owner".
Baal may also refer to:
Deities
Baal (demon), a Christian demon, loosely identified with the Canaanite god
Baal Peor, a Canaanite deity
Belphegor ("Lord of the Gap"), a demon in Christian demonology
Baal-Berith and El-Berith, gods of a Canaanite city
Baal-berith ("Lord of the Covenant"), a god, viewed as demon in Christian demonology
Beelzebub (Baalzebul, "Lord of the manor"; Baalzebub, Beelzebuth, "Lord of the (heavenly) dwelling" or "Lord of the Flies"), identified with the Devil
Hadad, a Canaanite deity commonly known as Baal or Ba'lu
Places
Baal, Germany, a village in the municipality of Hückelhoven
Baal, Belgium, a village in the municipality of Tremelo
Baal, Netherlands, a hamlet in the Dutch province Gelderland
People
Baal I, an ancient king of Tyre
Baal Shem Tov or Besht, a Jewish mystical rabbi
Baal HaTanya or Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745–1812), an Orthodox Rabbi
Adam Muraszko (born Adam Potyka, stage name Baal), a Czech/Polish heavy metal musician
In fiction, drama, etc.
Baal (play), a 1918 play by Bertolt Brecht
Baal (film), a 1970 German TV film, directed by Volker Schlöndorff and based on the play
Baal (comics), a Marvel Comics character
Ba'al (Stargate), a fictional character in Stargate SG-1
Ba'al, a character in Vampireology: The True History of the Fallen
Ba'al, demon possessing, 2011 movie "The Rite" (Anthony Hopkins)
Music
Baal (EP), a 1981 EP by David Bowie, featuring incidental music written for Brecht's play
Baal: Book of Angels Volume 15, a 2010 album by the Ben Goldberg Quartet composed by John Zorn
Baal (band), a Danish rock band
BAAL (Serbian band), a Serbian gothic rock band
In games
Bhaal, a fictional deity in the Dungeons & Dragons: Forgotten Realms novels and games
Baal (video game), a 1988 computer game for the Amiga
Baal, a fictional planet in the Warhammer 40,000 series
General Baal, antagonist character of the video game Grandia
Baal, legendary Overlord in the Disgaea series of games
Other uses
British Association for Applied Linguistics, a UK society for applied linguists
Baal teshuva movement, worldwide movement among the Jewish people
See also
Baalah (disambiguation)
Ba‘alat Gebal ("Lady of Byblos")
Bael (disambiguation)
Ball (disambiguation)
Bail (disambiguation)
Bale (disambiguation)
Belus (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Toronto propane explosion
The Toronto propane explosion (also known as the Sunrise Propane incident) was a series of explosions and ensuing fire that took place on the morning of August 10, 2008, in Downsview, North York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The explosions occurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases propane facility, located near Keele Street and Wilson Avenue around 03:50 ET. The blasts caused thousands of people to be evacuated from their homes and cost C$1.8 million to clean up, half of which was paid by the province of Ontario. An employee of Sunrise died in the initial explosions and a firefighter died of cardiac arrest the next day while at the scene.
History
Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases was a company that sold propane for commercial and home purposes, in addition to other gases such as helium and acetylene. The company has operated under a number of names since at least 1999. In 2002, a company named Sunrise Petroleum was successfully sued by First Choice Petroleum Inc., an oil and lubricants supplier, that claimed the company owed them C$54,063.73 in products and that Sunrise had forged a document to avoid settling their account. In that case, it was found that Sunrise had forged the signature of a First Choice employee named Thomas Tims in a 1999 document, which stated Sunrise Petroleum would be taken over by a new company called Sunrise Petroleum Lubricants, and that Sunrise Petroleum would thereby not be responsible for any outstanding, unpaid, or unsettled accounts. However, Tims would not have signed the document because he was listed on it as "Tim Toms", rather than Tom Tims. As a result of the case, Sunrise was forced to pay the account owed plus interest, totalling C$93,389.54, and an additional C$34,284.71 in legal fees. Court documents also revealed a third name, Sunrise Propane & Petroleum, that the company had previously used.
An Ontario corporate profile states the facility was incorporated in 2004, though a Sunrise corporate solicitor and spokesperson is uncertain how long the facility was in operation. The facility was built in a residential neighbourhood in the North York area of Toronto. Toronto mayor David Miller stated that the facility was allowed to be built in the neighbourhood under zoning that was in place for over a decade.
The facility had previously been warned by Ontario's Technical Standards and Safety Authority for its lack of safety by not stopping truck-to-truck transfers at the company's facilities. During the investigation following the explosions, investigators found that truck-to-truck transfers were common at the facility. Truck-to-truck transfers are prohibited in Ontario because they increase the risk of a gas leak or a fire.
Incident
At approximately 03:50 ET on the morning of August 10, 2008, a large explosion occurred at Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases, located near Murray Road and Spalding Road. This was followed by a series of explosions which sent large fireballs and clouds of smoke billowing into the sky. Large pieces of metal from the exploding propane tanks were ejected onto nearby streets and properties. Many homes and offices were damaged, windows were shattered, and doors were ripped from their hinges. About 200 firefighters battled the seven-alarm fire that resulted from the explosions.
The threat of further blasts and concerns about the air quality forced the police to conduct a voluntary evacuation of a large area in the surrounding community. Residents living within a radius were told to leave their homes in the early hours of the morning. Toronto Transit Commission buses were used to evacuate them to Downsview Park and then to York University.
The explosions rocked the area and also caused the closure of part of Highway 401, between highways 404 and 400, for over 12 hours. Emergency crews feared another major explosion as two rail tankers continued to burn more than five hours after the initial explosion. Regular commercial air traffic was allowed to continue in and out of Pearson International Airport while smaller, privately owned aircraft were restricted from flying over the area.
Six people were sent to the hospital, 18 people admitted themselves to emergency clinics, and Emergency Medical Services treated 40 people on the site. During the course of the emergency response to the scene, a Toronto firefighter was found lifeless by emergency crews. Paramedics and firefighters tried to revive him but were unsuccessful. He was then rushed to a hospital where he was pronounced dead. The firefighter was identified as Bob Leek, a 55-year-old district chief of emergency planning and a 25-year veteran. Leek, who was off duty that night, had been asked to bring some equipment to aid the activities of his colleagues, which he gladly did. He just happened to have had a heart attack at that time. Sunrise employee Parminder Saini was unaccounted for. On August 11, a body was found at the scene. On September 3, the body was confirmed to be that of Saini.
Cause and investigation
The Ontario Fire Marshal's Office handled the investigation of the explosions. While the cause of the explosions has not yet been determined, on August 21, 2008, Ontario's independent safety regulator for fuels, the Technical Standards and Safety Authority, released a statement saying that just before the explosion, a truck driver was illegally transferring propane from one truck to another. The agency also reported that in November 2006, Sunrise Propane was warned about its lack of safety by not stopping the truck-to-truck transfers at the company's facilities, and that truck-to-truck transfers were a frequent and routine operating practice at the facility. An investigator with the Ontario Fire Marshal's Office stated that it could take months before the cause of the explosions could be determined. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty also said that the province was willing to provide financial aid to residents whose homes were damaged by the explosions.
On August 4, 2010, the Toronto Star reported that the massive Sunrise propane explosion in 2008 was caused by an illegal "tank-to-tank transfer" along with a gas hose leak. The report said that liquid propane was released from a hose after a "tank-to-tank transfer" was completed. The Star reports that Sunrise didn't have the right licence to perform those types of transfers, and it was previously barred from doing so by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority in November 2006.
The Environment Ministry has argued that Sunrise failed "to show that there was a proper preventative maintenance system in place." Leo Adler, Sunrise's lawyer, argued that the event was an unforeseeable accident because Sunrise kept their equipment in good order and cannot be held responsible for a hose failure.
Aftermath
Due to its proximity to the site, Highway 401 was shut down from Highway 404 to Highway 400, and the local Yorkdale Mall was closed for part of the day. Toronto Transit Commission routes and the York Region Transit Viva Orange route were affected as a result of evacuation zone. Bus routes were diverted and a section of the Yonge-University-Spadina subway line between Downsview Station and Lawrence West Station was shut down for part of the day. GO Transit services to Yorkdale Bus Terminal were also suspended.
About 15 hours after the first explosions, some residents were given the go-ahead to return to their homes. However, many people returning to their homes were stopped at police checkpoints and turned back, or not permitted to take their vehicles into the immediate area. Approximately 100 of the 12,000 evacuated homes were left uninhabitable. On August 11, almost all residents who had to be evacuated were allowed back, though about 35 families had to wait while tests by health officials were conducted over concerns about airborne asbestos.
As a result of the explosion, Toronto officials plan on reviewing all industrial areas that could pose a potential threat to residential neighbourhoods to prevent similar situations. As part of its investigation, TSSA officials and the Ontario Fire Marshal are reviewing past inspections of the facility to determine the cause of the explosions.
The explosion caused damage to one of Toronto's oldest Jewish cemeteries, the Mount Sinai Memorial Park. The cemetery is over 100 years old and has more than 11,000 graves, of which at least 20 were damaged.
Various residents were angry because the municipal government allowed Sunrise to build a propane facility in a residential area. Some residents claim that the community was not consulted or notified about the facility when it was being built. However, Shelley Carroll, Toronto's acting deputy mayor, suggested that the facility had been zoned before many of the homes were built.
The Technical Standards and Safety Authority, the agency that regulates fuel safety in Ontario, originally said that it had only inspected Sunrise once since it opened in 2005. They later contradicted this by stating that they had issued stop work orders in 2006 and 2007 over safety violations.
On August 19, nine days after the explosions, Sunrise issued a short news release, stating that the company regrets the loss of life and that they were co-operating with authorities' investigations. The news release also said that they would not be making any more public comments in the near future to prevent speculation and misinformation. On August 21, 2008 the TSSA issued a notice that Sunrise Propane should immediately have its authorization revoked.
Six other propane facilities in the province have been shut down as a result of an audit prompted by the explosions. Facilities in Kitchener, Waterloo, Cornwall, Ottawa, and two in Toronto have been ordered to shut down after failing to show that their employees were properly trained at the facilities.
Parminder Saini's father was granted a visa to travel from Punjab to Canada to aid in the investigation, although Parminder's brother and mother were denied by the Canadian Consulate. This decision was later changed after the Department of Citizenship and Immigration was informed of the situation.
Felipe De Leon, an employee at Sunrise, stated that he had completed an illegal propane transfer when he noticed smoke at the north end of the facility. De Leon said he then went inside the facility's office to warn Saini to flee the building, but he refused. De Leon then fled from the facility while Parminder walked towards the smoke.
Cleaning up the result of the explosion cost the city of Toronto C$1.8 million, half of which was paid by the province of Ontario.
Charges laid
On August 5, 2009, the Ontario Ministry of Labour laid two charges in the incident. One of the charges relates to the failure of protecting Saini. The other charge alleges that the company failed to operate within mandatory industry standards. If convicted, the company could be fined up to C$1 million. Additionally, the residents filed a $300 million lawsuit. On June 27, 2013, Sunrise Propane was found guilty of nine non-criminal charges. On January 25, 2016, Sunrise Propane and its directors Shay Ben-Moshe and Valery Belahov were fined $5.3 million for the offenses. Sunrise was no longer in operation at the time and the defence lawyer argued his clients did not have the money to pay millions in fines.
See also
1979 Mississauga train derailment: the last large-scale explosion, fire, and evacuation in the greater Toronto area prior to the Sunrise blast.
References
Category:Explosions in 2008
Toronto explosions
Toronto explosions
Toronto explosions
Category:History of Toronto
Toronto explosions
Category:Industrial fires and explosions in Canada
Category:21st century in Toronto
Category:Disasters in Ontario
Category:August 2008 events in Canada
Category:Filmed accidental deaths | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Family (Willie Nelson's band)
The Family is Willie Nelson's touring and recording group. Nelson, who did not manage through the 1960s to succeed as a singer, retired after the failure of his 1971 album Yesterday's Wine. The following year, he returned from retirement rejuvenated by the burgeoning music movement of Austin, Texas.
In 1973, he formed a new backing band. The new lineup consisted of some of the members of his old road band "The Record Men," with the addition of new members. The original lineup included his sister, Bobbie, on the piano; drummer Paul English; harmonicist Mickey Raphael; bassist Bee Spears; and guitarist Jody Payne. The current lineup includes all the members but Jody Payne, who retired in 2008, and Bee Spears, who died in 2011. Billy English joined in 1983 on percussion. Replacing Spears, Kevin Smith joined the band in 2012.
The Record Men
During the 1960s, while recording as an RCA Records artist, Nelson was backed in the studio by session musicians, while he also had a road band. In 1966, he formed a new lineup for his road band, consisting of Johnny Bush on guitar; Jimmy Day on the steel guitar; Paul English on drums; and David Zettner on bass. The band was originally named "The Offenders", but after it was rejected by the promoters, the name was changed to "The Record Men", after Nelson's single "Mr. Record Man". Zettner left the band in 1968 after he was drafted. He was replaced on the bass by his friend Bee Spears. While playing in the band, Johnny Bush also played as a solo act on the package of the Willie Nelson Show. After Zettner was discharged from the military he returned to the band, and Spears started to play for Bush. Bush left The Record Men to concentrate on his solo act a few months later. After a brief exit of Jimmy Day to play with Ray Price's Cherokee Cowboys, Paul English's older brother, Oliver, joined for nine months playing the steel guitar. In 1969 Jimmy Day and David Zettner returned, while Billy English, Paul English's younger brother, joined to play the drums.
By 1971, after nearly a decade with RCA, Nelson had no major success. Meanwhile, his latest album Yesterday's Wine failed to chart and to meet RCA expectations. Although his contract was not over, Nelson decided to retire because of the number of failures he had had.
Forming the Family
He moved to Austin, Texas, where the burgeoning hippie music scene rejuvenated the singer. His popularity in Austin soared as he played his own brand of country music marked by country, folk and jazz influences. In 1972, Nelson's friend Darrell Royal, introduced him harmonicist Mickey Raphael during a jam session. Nelson soon returned to the recording under a new contract with Atlantic Records. His sister Bobbie, who performed on piano in Nelson's band during his childhood throughout the Texas Honky-Tonk circuit, joined the band during the recording of Shotgun Willie. After Nelson's relationship with Jimmy Day became turbulent, due to his habitual drinking, and after he was shot by Paul English during a dispute, Day left shortly after recording Shotgun Willie. Nelson retired the steel guitar from his backing, using Raphael's harmonica to replace the steel guitar on the melody lines. He later also hired Merle Haggard's touring guitarist Jody Payne. The final lineup consisted of Bobbie Nelson (piano), Paul English (drums), Mickey Raphael (harmonica), Bee Spears (bass) and Jody Payne (guitar). The band that became known as the Family, performed together for the first time at the Armadillo World Headquarters in Austin, Texas, where they were acclaimed by the audience.
Rex Ludwig played drums with the band from 1976 to 1979, Chris Ethridge played bass from 1978-1982, and Grady Martin played guitar from 1979-1994. In 2012, Kevin Smith joined the band as the bassist after the death of Bee Spears earlier the same year. Smith had already backed Nelson on his 2009 album Willie and the Wheel. Willie & Family tours North America in the bio-diesel bus Honeysuckle Rose V, which is fueled by Bio-Willie.
Members
Current
Willie Nelson - vocals, guitar (1973-present)
Bobbie Nelson – piano (1973–present)
Mickey Raphael – harmonica (1973–present)
Billy English – percussion (1983–present)
Kevin Smith – bass (2012–present)
Lukas Nelson - guitar, vocals (2013-present)
Former
Paul English – drums (1973-2020; his death)
Bee Spears – bass (1973–2011; his death)
Jody Payne – guitar (1973–2008; died 2013)
Rex Ludwig – drums (1976–1979)
Chris Ethridge – bass (1978–1982; died 2012)
Grady Martin – guitar (1979–1994; died 2001)
Timeline
Discography
Willie Nelson & Family, 1971
Willie and Family Live, 1978
Honeysuckle Rose, 1980
Let’s Face the Music and Dance, 2013
References
Books
Category:Willie Nelson
Category:American country music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1973 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Fond du Lac 231
Fond du Lac 231 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan.
References
Category:Indian reserves in Saskatchewan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Discrete valuation ring
In abstract algebra, a discrete valuation ring (DVR) is a principal ideal domain (PID) with exactly one non-zero maximal ideal.
This means a DVR is an integral domain R which satisfies any one of the following equivalent conditions:
R is a local principal ideal domain, and not a field.
R is a valuation ring with a value group isomorphic to the integers under addition.
R is a local Dedekind domain and not a field.
R is a Noetherian local domain whose maximal ideal is principal, and not a field.
R is an integrally closed Noetherian local ring with Krull dimension one.
R is a principal ideal domain with a unique non-zero prime ideal.
R is a principal ideal domain with a unique irreducible element (up to multiplication by units).
R is a unique factorization domain with a unique irreducible element (up to multiplication by units).
R is Noetherian, not a field, and every nonzero fractional ideal of R is irreducible in the sense that it cannot be written as a finite intersection of fractional ideals properly containing it.
There is some discrete valuation ν on the field of fractions K of R such that R = {x : x in K, ν(x) ≥ 0}.
Examples
Algebraic
Let Z(2) := { z / n : z, n ∈ Z, n odd }. Then the field of fractions of Z(2) is Q. Now, for any nonzero element r of Q, we can apply unique factorization to the numerator and denominator of r to write r as where z, n, and k are integers with z and n odd. In this case, we define ν(r)=k.
Then Z(2) is the discrete valuation ring corresponding to ν. The maximal ideal of Z(2) is the principal ideal generated by 2, and the "unique" irreducible element (up to units) is 2.
Note that Z(2) is the localization of the Dedekind domain Z at the prime ideal generated by 2. Any localization of a Dedekind domain at a non-zero prime ideal is a discrete valuation ring; in practice, this is frequently how discrete valuation rings arise. In particular, we can define rings for any prime p in complete analogy.
For an example more geometrical in nature, take the ring R = {f/g : f, g polynomials in R[X] and g(0) ≠ 0}, considered as a subring of the field of rational functions R(X) in the variable X. R can be identified with the ring of all real-valued rational functions defined (i.e. finite) in a neighborhood of 0 on the real axis (with the neighborhood depending on the function). It is a discrete valuation ring; the "unique" irreducible element is X and the valuation assigns to each function f the order (possibly 0) of the zero of f at 0. This example provides the template for studying general algebraic curves near non-singular points, the algebraic curve in this case being the real line.
Another important example of a DVR is the ring of formal power series in one variable over some field . The "unique" irreducible element is , the maximal ideal of is the principal ideal generated by , and the valuation assigns to each power series the index (i.e. degree) of the first non-zero coefficient.
If we restrict ourselves to real or complex coefficients, we can consider the ring of power series in one variable that converge in a neighborhood of 0 (with the neighborhood depending on the power series). This is also a discrete valuation ring.
Finally, the ring of p-adic integers is a DVR, for any prime . Here is an irreducible element; the valuation assigns to each -adic integer the largest integer such that divides .
Scheme-Theoretic
For a DVR it is common to write the fraction field as and the residue field. These correspond to the generic and closed points of . For example, the closed point of is and the generic point is . Sometimes this is denoted as
where is the generic point and is the closed point .
Given an algebraic curve , the local ring at a smooth point is a discrete valuation ring, because it is a principal valuation ring.
Uniformizing parameter
Given a DVR R, any irreducible element of R is a generator for the unique maximal ideal of R and vice versa. Such an element is also called a uniformizing parameter of R (or a uniformizing element, a uniformizer, or a prime element).
If we fix a uniformizing parameter t, then M=(t) is the unique maximal ideal of R, and every other non-zero ideal is a power of M, i.e. has the form (t k) for some k≥0. All the powers of t are distinct, and so are the powers of M. Every non-zero element x of R can be written in the form αt k with α a unit in R and k≥0, both uniquely determined by x. The valuation is given by ν(x) = kv(t). So to understand the ring completely, one needs to know the group of units of R and how the units interact additively with the powers of t.
The function v also makes any discrete valuation ring into a Euclidean domain.
Topology
Every discrete valuation ring, being a local ring, carries a natural topology and is a topological ring. We can also give it a metric space structure where the distance between two elements x and y can be measured as follows:
(or with any other fixed real number > 1 in place of 2). Intuitively: an element z is "small" and "close to 0" iff its valuation ν(z) is large. The function |x-y|, supplemented by |0|=0, is the restriction of an absolute value defined on the field
of fractions of the discrete valuation ring.
A DVR is compact if and only if it is complete and its residue field R/M is a finite field.
Examples of complete DVRs include the ring of p-adic integers and the ring of formal power series over any field. For a given DVR, one often passes to its completion, a complete DVR containing the given ring that is often easier to study. This completion procedure can be thought of in a geometrical way as passing from rational functions to power series, or from rational numbers to the reals.
Returning to our examples: the ring of all formal power series in one variable with real coefficients is the completion of the ring of rational functions defined (i.e. finite) in a neighborhood of 0 on the real line; it is also the completion of the ring of all real power series that converge near 0. The completion of (which can be seen as the set of all rational numbers that are p-adic integers) is the ring of all p-adic integers Zp.
See also
:Category:Localization (mathematics)
Local ring
Cohen ring
Valuation ring
References
Discrete valuation ring, The Encyclopaedia of Mathematics.
Category:Commutative algebra
Category:Localization (mathematics) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
André Bourguignon
André Bourguignon (8 August 1920 – 9 April 1996) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, born in Paris.
A psychiatry professor at the University of Paris XII, he was part of a team in charge of translating Sigmund Freud's work from German into French, together with Jean Laplanche, Pierre Cotet and François Robert.
He was father of actress Anémone.
References
External links
Texts by André Bourguignon
Introduction à la recherche clinique en psychiatrie, par André Bourguignon (séminaire technique INSERM de mars 1979 et mars 1980)
Le cerveau humain, par André Bourguignon et al. (publication de l'Encyclopedia Universalis)
De la pluridisciplinarité à la transdisciplinarité, par André Bourguignon (publication du CIRET)
De la pluridisciplinarité à la transdisciplinarité, par André Bourguignon (publication du GRIT)
Introduction à L'Homme inachevé, par André Bourguignon (texte non revu par l'auteur)
About André Bourguignon
André Bourguignon : hommage à un humaniste, par Jean-Philippe Catonné (publication du GREP)
André Bourguignon, par François-Marie Michaut
De qui souffrez-vous ? Chapitre 2 : Le remède médecin, par François-Marie Michaut
André Bourguignon, psychiatre, par Jacques Chancel, émission Radioscopie du 9 mai 1974
Die Ermüdbarkeit myotonischer Muskeln. La fatigabilité des muscles myotoniques. Georges Bourguignon et André Bourguignon, Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering, 2(9):258–274, janvier 1957.
La Mesotherapie, comme et porquoi; Salus Editrice, Janvier 1977
Category:1920 births
Category:1996 deaths
Category:University of Paris alumni
Category:French psychiatrists
Category:20th-century French physicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Brian Tyson
Brian Tyson (birth registered first ¼ 1930) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Yorkshire, and at club level for Hull Kingston Rovers, as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums.
Background
Brian Tyson's birth was registered in Sculcoates district, East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Playing career
International honours
Brian Tyson won caps for Great Britain while at Hull Kingston Rovers in 1963 against Australia, in 1965 against France, and in 1967 against France.
County honours
Brian Tyson won caps for Yorkshire while at Hull Kingston Rovers.
Challenge Cup Final appearances
Brian Tyson played in Hull Kingston Rovers' 5-13 defeat by Widnes in the 1963–64 Challenge Cup Final during the 1963–64 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 9 May 1964.
County Cup Final appearances
Brian Tyson played left-, i.e. number 11, in Hull Kingston Rovers' 2-12 defeat by Hunslet in the 1962 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1962–63 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 27 October 1962, and played right-, i.e. number 10, in Hull Kingston Rovers' 25-12 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1966 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1966–67 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 15 October 1966.
References
External links
!Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England)
(archived by web.archive.org) Workington and Hull KR triumph in the regions
Category:1930 births
Category:English rugby league players
Category:Great Britain national rugby league team players
Category:Hull Kingston Rovers players
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Kingston upon Hull
Category:People from Sculcoates
Category:Rugby league props
Category:Yorkshire rugby league team players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
50th British Academy Film Awards
The 50th BAFTA Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts on 29 April 1997, honoured the best films of 1996.
Anthony Minghella's The English Patient won for Best Film, while Secrets & Lies won the "Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film". Geoffrey Rush won for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his role in Shine and Brenda Blethyn won for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her role in Secrets & Lies, respectively.
Winners and nominees
{| class=wikitable
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B; width: 50%" | Best Film
! style="background:#BDB76B; width: 50%" | Best Director
|-
| valign="top" |
The English Patient
Fargo
Secrets & Lies
Shine
| valign="top" | Fargo – Joel Coen and Ethan Coen
The English Patient – Anthony Minghella
Secrets & Lies – Mike Leigh
Shine – Scott Hicks
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Actor in a Leading Role
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Actress in a Leading Role
|-
| valign="top" |
Geoffrey Rush – Shine
Ralph Fiennes – The English Patient
Ian McKellen – Richard III
Timothy Spall – Secrets & Lies
| valign="top" | Brenda Blethyn – Secrets & Lies
Frances McDormand – Fargo
Kristin Scott Thomas – The English Patient
Emily Watson – Breaking the Waves
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Actor in a Supporting Role
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|-
| valign="top" |
Paul Scofield – The Crucible
John Gielgud – Shine
Edward Norton – Primal Fear
Alan Rickman – Michael Collins
| valign="top" | Juliette Binoche – The English Patient
Lauren Bacall – The Mirror Has Two Faces
Marianne Jean-Baptiste – Secrets & Lies
Lynn Redgrave – Shine
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Original Screenplay
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Adapted Screenplay
|-
| valign="top" |
Secrets & Lies – Mike Leigh
Brassed Off – Mark Herman
Fargo – Joel Coen and Ethan Coen
Lone Star – John Sayles
Shine – Jan Sardi
| valign="top" | The English Patient – Anthony Minghella
The Crucible – Arthur Miller
Evita – Alan Parker and Oliver Stone
Richard III – Ian McKellen
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Cinematography
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Outstanding British Film
|-
| valign="top" |
The English Patient – John Seale
Evita – Darius Khondji
Fargo – Roger Deakins
Michael Collins – Chris Menges
| valign="top" | Secrets & Lies
Brassed Off
Carla's Song
Richard III
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Original Music
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Sound
|-
| valign="top" |
The English Patient – Gabriel Yared
Brassed Off – Trevor Jones
Evita – Andrew Lloyd Webber
Shine – David Hirschfelder
| valign="top" | Shine
The English Patient
Evita
Independence Day
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Production Design
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Special Visual Effects
|-
| valign="top" |
Richard III – Tony Burrough
The English Patient – Stuart Craig
Evita – Brian Morris
Hamlet – Tim Harvey
| valign="top" | Twister
Independence Day
Nutty Professor
Toy Story
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Costume Design
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Makeup and Hair
|-
| valign="top" |
Richard III – Shuna Harwood
The English Patient – Ann Roth
Evita – Penny Rose
Hamlet – Alexandra Byrne
| valign="top" |
The Nutty Professor – Rick Baker
101 Dalmatians – Lynda Armstrong
The English Patient – Nigel Booth
Evita – Sarah Monzani
|-
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Editing
! style="background:#BDB76B;" | Best Film Not in the English Language
|-
| valign="top" | The English Patient – Walter Murch
Evita – Gerry Hambling
Fargo – Roderick Jaynes
Shine – Pip Karmel
| valign="top" |
Ridicule
Antonia
Kolya (Kolja)
Nelly and Mr. Arnaud
|}
Award breakdown
Winners (minimum one win)6 / 13 The English Patient: Best Cinematography, Editing, Film, Film Music, Screenplay – Adapted and Supporting Actress3 / 6 Secrets & Lies: Best Actress, British Film and Screenplay – Original2 / 5 Richard III: Best Costume and Production Design2 / 9 Shine: Best Actor and Sound1 / 1 Twister: Best Visual Effets1 / 2 The Crucible: Best Supporting Actor1 / 2' The Nutty Professor: Best Makeup & Hair
1 / 6 Fargo: Best Director
Losers (minimum two nominations)
0 / 2 Michael Collins
0 / 8 Evita
References
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%60ENGLISH+PATIENT'+LEADS+BAFTA+PACK.-a083857474
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/triple-triumph-for-mike-leigh-comedy-1270073.html
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/mike-leighs-secret-is-revealed-1259005.html
Film050
Category:1996 film awards
Category:1996 in British cinema
Category:April 1997 events in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Serbia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
Serbia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Minsk, Belarus with the song “Svet” performed by Bojana Radovanović. Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) was responsible for selecting their entry for the contest.
Background
Prior to the 2018 Contest, Serbia had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest eight times since its debut in , and once as in , prior to the Montenegrin independence referendum in 2006 which culminated into the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro, As of 2018, Serbia's best results are two third places, achieved in and . In last year's contest Serbia got a tenth place with Jana Paunović and Irina Brodić and a song called "Ceo svet je naš".
Before Junior Eurovision
On 13 September 2018, it was announced that Bojana Radovanović would represent the country in Minsk, Belarus with a song called "Svet".
Artist and song information
Bojana Radovanović
Bojana Radovanović is a Serbian singer who represented Serbia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Svet", finishing 19th. She participated in the Serbian contest Pinkove Zvezdice, reaching the superfinal. In early 2018, she released her first single, called "Dok ljubav ne osetiš".
At Junior Eurovision
During the opening ceremony and the running order draw which both took place on 19 November 2018, Serbia was drawn to perform tenth on 25 November 2018, following Ireland and preceding Italy.
Voting
The results of the 2018 Junior Eurovision Song Contest will be determined by national juries and an online audience vote. Every country will have a national jury that will consist of three music industry professionals and two kids aged between 10 and 15 who are citizens of the country they represent. This jury will be asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The first phase of the online voting will start on 23 November 2018 when a recap of all the rehearsal performances will be shown on junioreurovision.tv before the viewers can vote. After this, voters will also have the option to watch longer one-minute clips from each participant’s rehearsal. This first round of voting will stop on Sunday, 25 November, at 15:59 CET. The second phase of the online voting will take place during the live show and will start right after the last performance and will be open for 15 minutes. International viewers can vote for a minimum of three countries and a maximum of five. They can also vote for their own country’s song. These votes will then be turned into points which will be determined by the percentage of votes received. For example, if a song receives 20% of the votes, thus it will receive 20% of the available points. The public vote will count for 50% of the final result, while the other 50% will come from the professional juries.
Points awarded to Serbia
Serbia received 28 points from Online voting.
Points awarded by Serbia
Split voting results
See also
Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
References
Category:2018 in Serbia
Category:Countries in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
Junior | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Charles V. Bardeen
Charles Valdo Bardeen (September 23, 1850 – March 21, 1903) was an American jurist.
Born in Brookfield, New York, he moved to Wisconsin with his family in 1854. He lived briefly in Colorado and then returned to Wisconsin. In 1875, he received his law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School. Bardeen was appointed a Wisconsin Circuit Court in 1891 and then to the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 1898 serving until his death.
Notes
Category:People from Brookfield, New York
Category:University of Wisconsin Law School alumni
Category:Wisconsin state court judges
Category:Wisconsin Supreme Court justices
Category:1850 births
Category:1903 deaths | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bopolu District
Bopolu District is one of five districts located in Gbarpolu County, Liberia.
Category:Districts of Liberia
Category:Gbarpolu County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Phillip Reed
For similarly named individuals, see Phil Reid (disambiguation).
Phillip Reed (born Milton LeRoy; March 25, 1908 – December 7, 1996) was an American actor. He was perhaps best known for his role as Steve Wilson in a series of four films (1947–1948) based on the Big Town radio series.
Early years
Reed was a star athlete at Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn and attended college for one year before going into acting. His name was changed after he went to Hollywood.
Acting career
Billed as Milton Leroy, Reed appeared in two Broadway plays: Melody and Ballyhoo of 1932.
Reed played Russ Barrington in the soap opera Society Girl on CBS radio and Brian Wells in the soap opera David Harum, also on CBS.
Reed's television appearances include a lead role in the 1955 anthology drama series Police Call. He appeared in the Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes "The Derelicts,” "A Bullet for Baldwin" and “Sylvia.” He also appeared as King Toranshah in the 1965 Elvis Presley musical film Harum Scarum.
Death
Reed died in 1996 and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.
Complete filmography
College Coach (1933) - 'Wes' Westerman
Female (1933) - Freddie Claybourne
The House on 56th Street (1933) - Freddy
Fashions of 1934 (1934) - Jimmy
Gambling Lady (1934) - Steve
Jimmy the Gent (1934) - Ronny Gatson
Journal of a Crime (1934) - Young Man at Party
Registered Nurse (1934) - Bill
Glamour (1934) - Lorenzo Valenti
Affairs of a Gentleman (1934) - Carter Vaughn
Dr. Monica (1934) - 'Bunny' Burton
British Agent (1934) - Gaston LeFarge
A Lost Lady (1934) - Ned
Big Hearted Herbert (1934) - Andrew Goodrich
Maybe It's Love (1935) - Adolph Jr.
The Woman in Red (1935) - Dan McCall
Sweet Music (1935) - Grant
Gypsy Sweetheart (1935, Short) - Tom Van Dyke
The Case of the Curious Bride (1935) - Dr. Millbeck
The Girl from 10th Avenue (1935) - Tony Hewlett
Accent on Youth (1935) - Dickie Reynolds
The Murder of Dr. Harrigan (1936) - Dr. Simon
Klondike Annie (1936) - Insp. Jack Forrest
The Last of the Mohicans (1936) - Uncas
The Luckiest Girl in the World (1936) - Percy Mayhew
Madame X (1937) - Jean
Merrily We Live (1938) - Herbert Wheeler
My Irish Molly (1938) - Bob
Aloma of the South Seas (1941) - Revo
Weekend for Three (1941) - Randy Bloodworth
A Gentleman After Dark (1942) - Eddie Smith
Old Acquaintance (1943) - Lucian Grant
People Are Funny (1946) - John Guedel
Hot Cargo (1946) - Chris Bigelow
Rendezvous with Annie (1946) - Lt. Avery
Big Town (1946) - Steve Wilson
Her Sister's Secret (1946) - Richard 'Dick' Connolly
Song of Scheherazade (1947) - Prince Mischetsky
I Cover Big Town (1947) - Steve Wilson
Song of the Thin Man (1947) - Tommy Edlon Drake
Pirates of Monterey (1947) - Lt. Carlos Ortega
Big Town After Dark (1947) - Steve Wilson
Big Town Scandal (1948) - Steve Wilson
Bodyguard (1948) - Freddie Dysen
Unknown Island (1948) - Ted Osborne
Daughter of the West (1949) - Navo White Eagle
Manhandled (1949) - Guy Bayard
Davy Crockett, Indian Scout (1950) - Red Hawk
Tripoli (1950) - Hamet Karamanly
The Bandit Queen (1950) - Joaquin Murietta
Thief in Silk (1953)
Jeunes mariés (1953)
Take Me to Town (1953) - Newton Cole
The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing (1955) - Robert Collier
The Tattered Dress (1957) - Michael Reston
Harum Scarum (1965) - King Toranshah (final film role)
References
External links
Category:1908 births
Category:1996 deaths
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male radio actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:Male actors from New York City
Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Category:Erasmus Hall High School alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Nigerian states by GDP
The following table presents a listing of Nigeria's 36 states ranked in order of their total GDP in 2010.
References
GDP
Nigeria | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
.ad
.ad is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Andorra. It is administered by Andorra Telecom.
Because .ad is also an abbreviation for the word advertisement or advert, .ad has also been used in an unconventional manner as a domain hack by some advertising media, as well as in the year usage 20XX.ad.
See also
.cat
External links
IANA .ad whois information
STA Homepage
Category:Communications in Andorra
Category:Country code top-level domains
Category:Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries members
Category:Computer-related introductions in 1996
he:סיומת אינטרנט#טבלת סיומות המדינות
sv:Toppdomän#A | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bobo Olson
Carl Olson (July 11, 1928 – January 16, 2002) was an American boxer. He was the World Middleweight champion between October 1953 and December 1955, the longest reign of any champion in that division during the 1950s.
His nickname, Bobo, was based on his younger sister's mispronunciation of "brother".
Early years
Olson was born in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii to a Portuguese mother and a Swedish father, hence his other nickname "The Hawaiian Swede". Like many boxers, Olson decided to take up the sport after getting into fights on the streets. Olson received training from boxers who were stationed in Hawaii during World War II, and it was during this period that he picked up his two trademark tattoos.
Using a fake identity card Olson obtained a boxing license at the age of 16. His earliest fights were in his native Kalihi, Hawaii. He had won his first three contests, two by knockout, before his true age was discovered. During 1945, Olson ran off to San Francisco in order to continue his boxing career. By the time he was 18, he had amassed a record of 13 successive wins (10 by KO). Even at this stage his power and huge reserves of stamina were clear, as was his rather average skill.
Professional career
The first real test of Olson's career came on March 20, 1950, Olson's record at this point was 40 wins and 2 losses, against the Australian Dave Sands. Olson lost to a close points decision in Sydney. Seven months after this Olson had his first fight against Sugar Ray Robinson, for the lowly regarded Pennsylvania State World Middleweight Title. Olson, who was widely seen as a slow starter, failed to get into the fight, even though Robinson was not having one of his best fights. Olson managed to hold on for 11 rounds before being knocked out. Despite his great record it was clear that Olson was still too inexperienced to be fighting at that level.
A year after his loss to Robinson, Olson managed to get a rematch against Dave Sands. This fight was the first to be televised coast-to-coast in America. However, Sands once again proved too much for Olson, he again won by unanimous decision.
On March 13, 1952 Olson fought Robinson again, this time for the world middleweight title. Robinson, who had lost and regained the title against Randy Turpin in his previous two fights, was looking for an easy fight. However, Olson had improved significantly from their first encounter. Through ten rounds the fight was neck-and-neck, and only a dominant finish by Robinson over the last five rounds won him the decision. The Los Angeles Times wrote that Robinson won the first six rounds easily, slowly stacking up points, but that Olson reduced the points margin in the seventh through tenth. Robinson won the fifteenth convincingly with hard rights and lefts. This would be the only time that Olson lasted the duration against Robinson.
Robinson retired for the first time in December 1952, vacating his middleweight crown. The top four contenders fought a tournament for the title. Olson defeated Paddy Young for the American title to gain the right to fight for the vacant world title, Turpin won the other eliminator against Charley Humez.
The title fight against Turpin took place on October 21, 1953, at Madison Square Garden. Turpin dominated the first four rounds, he almost scored a knockdown in the first round, before Olson got a grip on the fight. As the fight progressed Olson took the initiative, he scored knockdowns in the 10th and 11th rounds on the way to a unanimous decision. Following his success Olson was voted Ring magazine's fighter of the year for 1953.
Olson won all seven of his fights in 1954 including defenses of his title against such big names as Kid Gavilan, Rocky Castellani, and Pierre Langlois.
In 1955 Olson, who was finding it increasingly difficult to make weight, stepped up to light heavyweight. His first major fight in this category was against former champion Joey Maxim. Olson won the fight easily on points after scoring knockdowns in both the 2nd and 9th rounds. On June 22 Olson challenged 41-year-old Archie Moore for the light heavyweight title, a fight that many believed Olson would easily win. However, Moore was too strong for Olson and won by knockout after only a minute had elapsed of the third round. After this fight Olson began his decline.
Following two walkover wins, Olson put his middleweight title on the line against Robinson, who was once again number 1 contender following his brief retirement, on December 9, 1955. It was Olson's fourth and final defense of his title, but ended as a stunning comeback for Robinson. Olson, who entered the fight as a 3-1 favorite, was knocked out in the second round. The rematch, fought five months later at Wrigley Field, on May 18, 1956, ended similarly with Olson going down in the fourth. Robinson ended the bout with a hard left hook to the body and a right to the jaw. Olson had made the mistake of dropping his right hand after Robinson's hard left, dropping his only defense in an instant. After this second defeat Olson announced his retirement.
Late career
After a year out of the game Olson returned as a heavyweight to fight Maxim again, a fight he won on points. Olson took another year out following a knockout defeat against Pat McMurtry. Whilst initially coming back as a journeyman, despite being only 30, Olson managed to reestablish himself as a contender. On November 27, 1964, he fought José Torres with the winner going on to fight the champion, Willie Pastrano. Olson was knocked out after 2 minutes of the first round. This defeat effectively ended his career, he would only fight again four more times, with his final fight being a defeat to Gene Fullmer's younger brother, Don.
Life after boxing
Olson retired with a record of 97 wins (47 by KO), 16 losses, and 2 draws from his 115 professional fights. He went on to work with disaffected youngsters before working as a PR officer for the Elevator Operating Engineers Local Union in San Francisco. In 1987 he was a Union Elevator Operator in Lancaster, California, working on new construction at the Antelope Valley Medical Center.
In the 1990s he lived in Northern California for a time. In his later years Olson suffered from Alzheimer's disease to add quality of life to his later years he and much of his close family returned to Honolulu. He died on January 16, 2002, in Honolulu at Queens Medical Center at the age of 73. He was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1958, and the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2000.
Professional boxing record
|-
|align="center" colspan=8|97 Wins (47 knockouts, 50 decisions), 16 Losses (7 knockouts, 9 decisions), 2 Draws
|-
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-align=center
|Loss
|97–16–2
|align=left| Don Fullmer
|MD
|10
|28/11/1966
|align=left| Oakland Arena, Oakland, California
|
|-
|Win
|97–15–2
|align=left| Piero Del Papa
|SD
|10
|11/07/1966
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|96–15–2
|align=left| Fred Roots
|TKO
|3
|23/09/1965
|align=left| Centennial Coliseum, Reno, Nevada
|
|-
|Win
|95–15–2
|align=left| Andy Kendall
|UD
|10
|24/06/1965
|align=left| Centennial Coliseum, Reno, Nevada
|
|-
|Loss
|94–15–2
|align=left| José Torres
|KO
|1
|27/11/1964
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|
|-
|Win
|94–14–2
|align=left| Wayne Thornton
|UD
|10
|28/08/1964
|align=left| Kezar Pavilion, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Loss
|93–14–2
|align=left| Johnny Persol
|MD
|10
|19/06/1964
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|
|-
|Win
|93–13–2
|align=left| Wayne Thornton
|MD
|10
|27/03/1964
|align=left| Kezar Pavilion, San Francisco, California
|
|-
| Draw
|92–13–2
|align=left| Hank Casey
|PTS
|10
|09/12/1963
|align=left| Oakland Auditorium Arena, Oakland, California
|
|-
|Win
|92–13–1
|align=left| Jose Menno
|UD
|10
|21/10/1963
|align=left| Kezar Pavilion, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|91–13–1
|align=left| Jesse Bowdry
|UD
|10
|14/05/1963
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|
|-
|Win
|90–13–1
|align=left| Sonny Ray
|TKO
|8
|30/04/1963
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|89–13–1
|align=left| Tiger Al Williams
|TKO
|5
|25/01/1963
|align=left| Lane County Fair, Eugene, Oregon
|align=left|
|-
| Draw
|88–13–1
|align=left| Giulio Rinaldi
|PTS
|10
|14/12/1962
|align=left| Palazzetto dello Sport, Rome
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|88–13
|align=left| Lennart Risberg
|KO
|6
|03/06/1962
|align=left| Stockholm Olympic Stadium, Stockholm
|
|-
|Loss
|87–13
|align=left| Pete Rademacher
|UD
|10
|03/04/1962
|align=left| Honolulu Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|87–12
|align=left| Artie Dixon
|PTS
|10
|19/01/1962
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|86–12
|align=left| Tiger Al Williams
|PTS
|10
|12/01/1962
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|85–12
|align=left| Yancy D. Smith
|TKO
|8
|14/11/1961
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|84–12
|align=left| Sixto Rodriguez
|UD
|10
|23/10/1961
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|83–12
|align=left| Sixto Rodriguez
|UD
|10
|11/09/1961
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|83–11
|align=left| Roque Maravilla
|UD
|10
|14/08/1961
|align=left| Oakland Auditorium Arena, Oakland, California
|
|-
|Win
|82–11
|align=left| Floyd Buchanan
|TKO
|3
|16/02/1961
|align=left| Victoria Memorial Arena, Victoria, British Columbia
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|81–11
|align=left| Bobby Daniels
|UD
|10
|19/01/1961
|align=left| Spokane Coliseum, Spokane, Washington
|
|-
|Loss
|80–11
|align=left| Doug Jones
|KO
|6
|31/08/1960
|align=left| Chicago Stadium, Chicago
|
|-
|Win
|80–10
|align=left| Mike Holt
|PTS
|10
|06/06/1960
|align=left| Rand Stadium, Johannesburg, Gauteng
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|79–10
|align=left| Al Sparks
|TKO
|5
|05/05/1960
|align=left| Pacific National Exhibition, Vancouver, British Columbia
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|78–10
|align=left| Roque Maravilla
|TKO
|7
|07/04/1960
|align=left| Auditorium, Portland, Oregon
|
|-
|Win
|77–10
|align=left| George Kartalian
|TKO
|5
|25/08/1959
|align=left| Memorial Auditorium, Fresno, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|76–10
|align=left| Herman Calhoun
|UD
|10
|30/03/1959
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|
|-
|Win
|75–10
|align=left| Tommy Villa
|TKO
|5
|16/12/1958
|align=left| Memorial Auditorium, Fresno, California
|
|-
|Win
|74–10
|align=left| Paddy Young
|TKO
|6
|25/11/1958
|align=left| Oakland Auditorium Arena, Oakland, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|73–10
|align=left| Don Grant
|TKO
|7
|28/10/1958
|align=left| Oakland Auditorium Arena, Oakland, California
|
|-
|Loss
|72–10
|align=left| Pat McMurtry
|KO
|2
|17/08/1957
|align=left| Meadows Race Track, Portland, Oregon
|
|-
|Win
|72–9
|align=left| Joey Maxim
|SD
|10
|18/06/1957
|align=left| Auditorium, Portland, Oregon
|
|-
|Loss
|71–9
|align=left| Sugar Ray Robinson
|KO
|4
|18/05/1956
|align=left| Wrigley Field, Los Angeles
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|71–8
|align=left| Sugar Ray Robinson
|KO
|2
|09/12/1955
|align=left| Chicago Stadium, Chicago
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|71–7
|align=left| Joey Giambra
|UD
|10
|26/08/1955
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|
|-
|Win
|70–7
|align=left| Jimmy Martinez
|UD
|10
|13/08/1955
|align=left| Multnomah Stadium, Portland, Oregon
|
|-
|Loss
|69–7
|align=left| Archie Moore
|KO
|3
|22/06/1955
|align=left| Polo Grounds, New York City
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|69–6
|align=left| Joey Maxim
|UD
|10
|13/04/1955
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|
|-
|Win
|68–6
|align=left| Willie Vaughn
|UD
|10
|12/03/1955
|align=left| Legion Stadium, Hollywood, California
|
|-
|Win
|67–6
|align=left| Ralph Tiger Jones
|UD
|10
|16/02/1955
|align=left| Chicago Stadium, Chicago
|
|-
|Win
|66–6
|align=left| Pierre Langlois
|TKO
|11
|15/12/1954
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|65–6
|align=left| Garth Panter
|TKO
|8
|03/11/1954
|align=left| Auditorium, Richmond, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|64–6
|align=left| Rocky Castellani
|UD
|15
|20/08/1954
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|63–6
|align=left| Pedro Gonzales
|KO
|4
|07/07/1954
|align=left| Oakland Auditorium Arena, Oakland, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|62–6
|align=left| Jesse Turner
|TKO
|8
|15/06/1954
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|
|-
|Win
|61–6
|align=left| Kid Gavilan
|MD
|15
|02/04/1954
|align=left| Chicago Stadium, Chicago
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|60–6
|align=left| Joe Rindone
|KO
|5
|23/01/1954
|align=left| Winterland Arena, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|59–6
|align=left| Randy Turpin
|UD
|15
|21/10/1953
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|58–6
|align=left| Paddy Young
|UD
|15
|19/06/1953
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|57–6
|align=left| Garth Panter
|UD
|10
|16/03/1953
|align=left| Butte, Montana
|
|-
|Win
|56–6
|align=left| Norman Hayes
|UD
|10
|07/02/1953
|align=left| Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts
|
|-
|Win
|55–6
|align=left| Norman Hayes
|UD
|10
|18/12/1952
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|54–6
|align=left| Lee Sala
|KO
|2
|20/11/1952
|align=left| Winterland Arena, San Francisco, California
|
|-
|Win
|53–6
|align=left| Gene Hairston
|TKO
|6
|27/08/1952
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|52–6
|align=left| Robert Villemain
|SD
|10
|12/07/1952
|align=left| Cow Palace, Daly City, California
|
|-
|Win
|51–6
|align=left| Jimmy Beau
|UD
|10
|06/06/1952
|align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York City
|
|-
|Win
|50–6
|align=left| Walter Cartier
|TKO
|5
|19/05/1952
|align=left| Boxing From Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York
|
|-
|Win
|49–6
|align=left| Woody Harper
|TKO
|7
|06/05/1952
|align=left| Auditorium, Richmond, California
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|48–6
|align=left| Sugar Ray Robinson
|UD
|15
|13/03/1952
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|48–5
|align=left| Tommy Harrison
|UD
|10
|15/02/1952
|align=left| Legion Stadium, Hollywood, California
|
|-
|Win
|47–5
|align=left| Woody Harper
|UD
|10
|12/02/1952
|align=left| Sacramento Memorial Auditorium, Sacramento, California
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|46–5
|align=left| Dave Sands
|UD
|10
|03/10/1951
|align=left| Chicago Stadium, Chicago
|
|-
|Win
|46–4
|align=left| Bobby Jones
|MD
|10
|27/08/1951
|align=left| Coliseum Bowl, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|45–4
|align=left| Charley Cato
|TKO
|3
|27/07/1951
|align=left| Auditorium, Richmond, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|44–4
|align=left| Chuck Hunter
|UD
|10
|09/07/1951
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|43–4
|align=left| Lloyd Marshall
|KO
|5
|07/05/1951
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|
|-
|Win
|42–4
|align=left| Art Soto
|PTS
|10
|20/03/1951
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|41–4
|align=left| Sugar Ray Robinson
|KO
|12
|26/10/1950
|align=left| Philadelphia Convention Center, Philadelphia
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|41–3
|align=left| Henry Brimm
|UD
|10
|05/09/1950
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|40–3
|align=left| Otis Graham
|PTS
|10
|22/05/1950
|align=left| Honolulu Stadium, Holulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|39–3
|align=left| Roy Miller
|RTD
|5
|25/04/1950
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|38–3
|align=left| Dave Sands
|PTS
|12
|20/03/1950
|align=left| Sydney Stadium, Sydney, New South Wales
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|38–2
|align=left| Don Lee
|PTS
|10
|22/02/1950
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|37–2
|align=left| Earl Turner
|PTS
|10
|13/12/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|36–2
|align=left| Johnny Duke
|UD
|10
|22/11/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|35–2
|align=left| Art Hardy
|KO
|3
|23/08/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|34–2
|align=left| Milo Savage
|UD
|10
|26/07/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|33–2
|align=left| Tommy Yarosz
|PTS
|10
|03/06/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|32–2
|align=left| Anton Raadik
|TKO
|7
|15/03/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|31–2
|align=left| Paul Perkins
|TKO
|2
|11/01/1949
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|30–2
|align=left| Johnny Boski
|KO
|1
|14/12/1948
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|29–2
|align=left| Kenny Watkins
|UD
|10
|26/10/1948
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|28–2
|align=left| Boy Brooks
|TKO
|3
|12/10/1948
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|27–2
|align=left| Charley Cato
|PTS
|8
|20/07/1948
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|26–2
|align=left| Bobby Castro
|PTS
|10
|11/05/1948
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|25–2
|align=left| Flashy Sebastian
|KO
|7
|07/04/1948
|align=left| Rizal Memorial Sports Complex, Manila, Metro Manila
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|24–2
|align=left| Boy Brooks
|PTS
|12
|17/01/1948
|align=left| Rizal Memorial Sports Complex, Manila, Metro Manila
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|23–2
|align=left| Nai Som Pong
|KO
|3
|17/12/1947
|align=left| Rizal Memorial Sports Complex, Manila, Metro Manila
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|22–2
|align=left| Boy Brooks
|PTS
|10
|22/11/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Stadium, Holulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|22–1
|align=left| Georgie Duke
|PTS
|10
|19/08/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Stadium, Holulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|21–1
|align=left| Georgie Duke
|PTS
|10
|04/07/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|21–0
|align=left| Paulie Lewis
|PTS
|10
|20/06/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|20–0
|align=left| Leroy Wade
|TKO
|4
|02/05/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|19–0
|align=left| Candy McDaniels
|PTS
|10
|21/03/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|18–0
|align=left| Gil Mojica
|PTS
|10
|28/01/1947
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|17–0
|align=left| Wayne Powell
|TKO
|4
|02/12/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|16–0
|align=left| Wayne Powell
|TKO
|4
|07/10/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|15–0
|align=left| Jackie Ryan
|TKO
|6
|09/09/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|14–0
|align=left| Johnny Boski
|KO
|3
|19/08/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|13–0
|align=left| Johnny Boski
|KO
|4
|26/07/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|12–0
|align=left| Ernie Horne
|TKO
|2
|18/07/1946
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|11–0
|align=left| Delaware Bradby
|KO
|3
|25/02/1946
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|10–0
|align=left| Chuck Ross
|PTS
|6
|04/02/1946
|align=left| Coliseum Bowl, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|9–0
|align=left| Pedro Jimenez
|KO
|4
|28/01/1946
|align=left| Coliseum Bowl, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|8–0
|align=left| Vepe Watson
|TKO
|1
|14/01/1946
|align=left| Coliseum Bowl, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|7–0
|align=left| Obie Wooten
|TKO
|1
|07/01/1946
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|6–0
|align=left| LaVelle Perkins
|TKO
|2
|21/12/1945
|align=left| Sacramento, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|5–0
|align=left| Bobby Jones
|KO
|2
|10/12/1945
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|4–0
|align=left| Art Robinson
|TKO
|4
|23/11/1945
|align=left| San Francisco Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|3–0
|align=left| Young Pancho
|PTS
|4
|10/09/1944
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|2–0
|align=left| Ben Ramos
|TKO
|4
|27/08/1944
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|1–0
|align=left| Bob Correa
|KO
|2
|19/08/1944
|align=left| Honolulu Civic Auditorium, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii
|align=left|
|}
See also
List of middleweight boxing champions
References
External links
Category:1928 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Middleweight boxers
Category:Boxers from Hawaii
Category:American people of Swedish descent
Category:American people of Portuguese descent
Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Category:American male boxers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Foreign relations of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia maintains friendly relations with the major powers active in the Caribbean, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and France. Saint Lucia has no extant international disputes, aside from tension resulting from the island's status as a transit point for South American drugs destined for the United States and Europe.
Saint Lucia's Permanent Representative (or ambassador) to the United Nations as of February 22, 2017, was Cosmos Richardson, who was still in office as of January 2018.
History
St. Lucia participated in the American-led invasion of Grenada in 1983, sending members of its Special Services Unit into active duty. It was subsequently one of eight countries to cast a vote against a United Nations General Assembly motion condemning the invasion.
As a member of CARICOM, St. Lucia strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to restore democracy to Haiti. St. Lucia agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.
St. Lucia participated along with 14 other Caribbean nations in a summit with US President Bill Clinton in Bridgetown, Barbados, in May 1997. The summit was the first-ever meeting in the region between the U.S. and Caribbean heads of government, and strengthen the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics, finance and development, and trade issues.
Bilateral relations
Multilateral relations
Saint Lucia is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
ACCT (associate), ACP, ALBA, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
See also
List of diplomatic missions in Saint Lucia
List of diplomatic missions of Saint Lucia
Visa requirements for Saint Lucian citizens
References | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland
Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland is a music group, a collaboration between Turkish progressive metal band Dreamtone and Greek singer Iris Mavraki. Commonly abbreviated as "Neverland", their music can be best described as Symphonic power metal.
History
In 2004, Neverland's former manager Orpheus Spiliotopoulos listened to Dreamtone's first demo, Unforeseen Reflections and later introduced the band and Iris Mavraki to each other. Throughout the writing and composing stages of the songs, Iris was in Greece and Dreamtone were in Turkey. During this time, they recorded a collection of demos (two of which are on the special edition of the band's first CD). On December 2007, Neverland signed their first record contract with AFM Records and set out to record their debut album, Reversing Time.
Teaming up with the guest artists Hansi Kürsch, Tom Englund, Gary Wehrkamp and Mike Baker, they recorded the band's first 12 tracks. The album was released in February 2008 after visiting 8 studios before finalized. Also during Hansi Kürsch's recording sessions, the recordings had to be rescheduled six times and cancelled once due to various reasons, from touring to storms destroying studio rooftops. Mike Baker, the recently deceased singer, reserved the track Reversing Time when he first heard it, without a second thought. This track was his final officially released singer appearance and ironically the song is about a person trying to reverse the time and stop his death.
Future
As of February 1, 2009, Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland are recording their second album which is to be released through AFM Records.
Band members
Current members
Oganalp Canatan - Vocals
Iris Mavraki - Vocals
Onur Ozkoc - Guitars
Burak Kahraman - Guitars
Emrecan Sevdin - Drums
Can Dedekarginoglu - Bass
Guney Ozsan - Keyboard
Guest Artists
Discography
Studio albums
Reversing Time (2008)
Ophidia (2010)
Compilations
Power and Glory - The Best Power Metal Hymns Vol. 1 (2008)
See also
Blind Guardian
Evergrey
Shadow Gallery
References
External links
Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland Homepage
Dreamtone Homepage
Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland at MySpace
Iris Mavraki at MySpace
Category:Turkish heavy metal musical groups
Category:Power metal musical groups
Category:Symphonic metal musical groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2005 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gornji Dušnik
Gornji Dušnik is a village situated in Gadžin Han municipality in Serbia.
References
Category:Populated places in Nišava District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Budy Siennickie
Budy Siennickie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nasielsk, within Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Nasielsk, north-east of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, and north of Warsaw.
References
Budy Siennickie | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Julfa Formation
The Julfa Formation is a geologic formation in Armenia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Armenia
References
Category:Permian Armenia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
De Gamles By
De Gamles By is a home for the elderly occupying an extensive site in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is increasingly integrated with the surrounding community and is now also home to other facilities, including day cares, a Maggie's Centres'style facility and urban gardens.
History
Almindelig Hospital relocated to the site in 1892. Its new buildings were designed by Vilhelm Petersen. In 1901, it was later joined by a home for the elderly, Københavns Alderdomshjem, whose buildings were designed by Gotfred Tvede. The name De Gamles By was introduced for the whole site in 1919, while Almindeligt Hospital took over the former Sankt Johannes Stiftelse in Ryesgade.
Chapel
De Gamles By has its own church, which was built as part of the original hospital complex from 1892. Its architect was Vilhelm Petersen who also designed the other hospital buildings.
Redevelopment
A cancer care centre inspired by British Maggie's Centres opened on Nørre Allé in 2012. It is built to a distinctive multigabled design and encloses a central courtyard and various roof terraces.
Two new day cares, one on Møllegade and one on Sjællandsgade, are planned in the area.
References
External links
Category:Nørrebro
Category:1919 establishments in Denmark | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
GPR37L1
Endothelin B receptor-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR37L1 gene.
References
Further reading
Category:G protein-coupled receptors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kabru (supercomputer)
Kabru is a supercomputer that uses a 2.4 GHz Pentium Xeon Cluster and Linux to provide a sustained speed of 959 gigaflops. It was developed by the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc) in Chennai, India. In June 2004, Kabru was listed as #264 in the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful computers. It takes its name from a Himalayan peak.
The idea for Kabru was born when Professor Hari Dass of the Institute began looking for a supercomputer to handle his theoretical physics research, which dealt primarily with large-scale simulations in the field of the lattice gauge theory.
The Department of Atomic Energy in India made a grant of Rs 3.5 crore to the Institute to develop Kabru.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20071111162356/http://www.expresscomputeronline.com/20040816/coverstory01.shtml
http://www.rediff.com/computer/jul/08c-dac.htm
Category:X86 supercomputers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Arthur Soames (politician)
Arthur Wellesley Soames (30 November 1852 – 2 November 1934) was a British Liberal politician and architect.
Family and education
Soames was born in Brighton, the son of William Aldwin Soames. He was educated at Brighton College, the public school which his father had founded in 1845, and in 1871 he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge where he obtained his BA in 1877 and MA in 1881. In 1876 he married Eveline, the daughter of T. Horsman Coles from Ore in East Sussex. They had two sons and two daughters. Both sons, Gilbert and Maurice, were killed during the First World War.
Career
Soames studied architecture under Sir Arthur Blomfield who was an Associate of the Royal Academy. He then set up his own architectural practice between 1882 and 1898.
Politics
Soames was a Liberal in the Radical tradition. He was Chairman of the East Marylebone Liberal and Radical Association. He was adopted as the Radical candidate for Ipswich at the 1892 general election and fought the seat, without success, in 1895. However he got his opportunity to enter Parliament at a by-election in the constituency of South Norfolk held on 12 May 1898. The by-election was occasioned by the resignation on grounds of ill-health of the sitting Liberal Unionist (formerly Liberal) MP, Francis Taylor. Standing as a Radical, Soames gained 4,625 votes. His Unionist opponent, Sancroft Holmes received 3,295 giving a very healthy Liberal majority of 1,330.
Soames decided not to contest his seat again at the 1918 general election, by that time aged 66 years.
References
External links
Category:1852 births
Category:1934 deaths
Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:19th-century English architects
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Category:UK MPs 1895–1900
Category:UK MPs 1900–1906
Category:UK MPs 1906–1910
Category:UK MPs 1910
Category:UK MPs 1910–1918
Category:Architects from Brighton | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Floc (biofilm)
A floc is a type of microbial aggregate that may be contrasted with biofilms and granules, or else considered a specialized type of biofilm. Flocs appear as cloudy suspensions of cells floating in water, rather than attached to and growing on a surface like most biofilms. The floc typically is held together by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which may contain variable amounts of polysaccharide, protein, and other biopolymers. The formation and the properties of flocs may affect the performance of industrial water treatment bioreactors such as activated sludge systems.
Floc formation may benefit the constituent microorganisms in a number of ways, including protection from pH stress, resistance to predation, manipulation of microenvironments, and facilitation of mutualistic relationships in mixed microbial communities.
In general, the mechanisms by which flocculating microbial aggregates hold together are poorly understood. However, work on the activated sludge bacterium Zoogloea resiniphila has shown that PEP-CTERM proteins must be expressed for flocs to form; in their absence, growth is planktonic, even though exopolysaccharide is produced.
References
Category:Bacteriology
Category:Biological matter
Category:Environmental microbiology
Category:Microbiology terms | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
C.D. De los Altos
Club Deportivo Yahualica De Los Altos is a football team that currently playing in the Second Division and Third Division of Mexico. is held in the city of Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo, Jalisco, Mexico. They play in their stadium Las Ánimas with capacity for 10 thousand spectators.Club Deportivo de Los Altos play in the Apertura 2011 y Clausura 2012 tournaments, they will compete in Grupo 1 of the Liga Premier de Asenso of the Segunda División de México.
Club of Los Altos as it is commonly known started as a recently project, emerging from private initiative to promote the sport in the area of the highlands of Jalisco, (Altos de Jalisco) since the area did not have professional football. The creation of the Club caused players to integrate from surrounding cities and even other states, giving new players a chance to prove his talent. The public responded well to the club showing this in local games in which up to 3500 spectators attend.
History
Club Deportivo de los Altos is a new club. They were including in the División in 2011 as part of its restructure.
Club Deportivo De Los Altos founded (July 1, 2011) for private initiative of some citizens of Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo, beginning as an idea since 2010 which has already started to build the facility, the project maturing later and the idea start to be complete on January 2011 as they were finishing facilities, club members got in touch with what in the future would be the coaching, (Mora Guzmán Jesús Octavio) a staff was formed and they approached the Femexfut (Federación Mexicana de Fútbol) to formalize the situation.
The name CLUB DEPORTIVO DE LOS ALTOS was unanimous decision of the partners, because the name covers a large area of Jalisco where people share a big taste for the sport of football.
The creation of the football teams of the Third and Second Division in the town of Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo, with its stadium capacity for 10 thousand spectators was because the area is great for football enthusiasts, municipalities also attend as spectators from: Mexticacán, Nochistlan, Tepatitlan De Morelos, Cañadas de Obregón, Teocaltiche, etc. Creating an attendance increasing with every game they play.
Club Deportivo Deportivo Los Altos, despite being a young team, have shown with each passing day be a team of high level, proven by the results published by the Femexfut.
Information is just coming out so more information will be provided as it comes out.
Head coaches and Staff
Second Division
Second Division Full Roster
Stadium
Stadium las animas
From its beginnings the Club Deportivo De Los Altos exercised at the new stadium Las Ánimas with a capacity of 10,000 spectators in the town of Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo, Jalisco, located at: Km 4.5 Carretera Yahualica - Teocaltiche; Once the stadium was finished immediately the club started working on it.
The facilities include a gym, recreational areas, and its own clubhouse inhabited by the team players.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110810065736/http://www.segundadivisionfmf.org.mx/
https://web.archive.org/web/20120402225517/http://segundadivisionfmf.org.mx/noticias.asp?NO=118
https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152855/http://www.cdaltos.com//
Category:Defunct football clubs in Jalisco
Category:Defunct football clubs in Mexico
Category:2011 establishments in Mexico
Category:Association football clubs established in 2011 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Two Hearts (Kish Mauve song)
"Two Hearts", alternatively titled "2 Hearts", is a song first recorded by British electronic duo Kish Mauve, written for their 2005 self-titled extended play and later re-recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album, X (2007). Both versions were written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell. Minogue's version was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone as the album's lead single. The song was Minogue's first commercial single since "Giving You Up" (2005), as she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005. After the announcement, Minogue took a hiatus between of two years to recover from her illness.
"2 Hearts" features instrumentation of electric guitars, guitars, drums, keyboards and piano riffs. The song also features "whooo"'s towards the chorus. Upon Minogue's release, "2 Hearts" received mixed reviews from music critics. The song was praised for its departure of musical content and the song's strength; however, the song received criticism for its production and for not living up to expectations.
Commercially, the song was successful worldwide. It managed to top the spot in Minogue's native Australia and in Spain, while peaking inside the top ten in several countries, including Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Though the song was released in North America, it did not manage to chart on any component Billboard charts in the United States, but it did chart in Canada, peaking at number 60. The music video for "2 Hearts" was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in London, England. It features Minogue performing the song on a stage, where she dances on a piano and features the band playing along with the song.
Additionally, the song was featured on three of Minogue's tours. The song was first performed on her KylieX2008 Tour, where she played as an 'erotic bellboy'. The stage featured a green set, with a gigantic skull behind her. The song was also featured on her North American tour For You, for Me, where it was featured in the middle of the setlist. The song was then added to the setlist of her Aphrodite World Tour, where it was performed in Japan only.
Kish Mauve version
The British electronic duo Kish Mauve consists of Mima Stilwell and Jim Eliot. Both wrote and produced "Two Hearts" for their 2005 extended play Kish Mauve, released by Sunday Best. Paul Lester considered in a review for The Guardian their song "Lose Control" to be "far better" than "Two Hearts". An opinion from the magazine Out claims "There's a definite happy-sad contradiction in the writing, so the songs feel emotional and stirring". "Two Hearts" was used in a Dell Inc. advertisement.
Kylie Minogue version
"Two Hearts" was later covered by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. The song was retitled as "2 Hearts" and published by Parlophone in Germany on 9 November 2007.
Background and release
After performing in Europe and the United Kingdom with her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, Minogue was scheduled to perform in Australia and Asia. However, on 17 May 2005, Minogue was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 36. This led her management to postpone the remainder of the tour and her appearance to the Glastonbury Festival. She was hospitalized in Melbourne so treatment could go ahead, but this led to a brief but intense period of media coverage, particularly in Australia. Minogue underwent surgery on 21 May 2005 at Cabrini Hospital in Malvern, and soon after commenced chemotherapy treatment.
After recovering from her diagnosis, Minogue began writing lyrics towards the end of her cancer treatment in mid 2006, having not worked on any music for the previous year. Due to the recovery time following her cancer, X was the first album Minogue had consciously prepared for the recording of, having previously been engaged for much of her career in an endless cycle of record, release and tour. After she was clear of the disease, Minogue has resumed her tour, entitled Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour. She first performed in Sydney, with reworks of the dance routines as well as new costumes and outfits for the show. Just leading into 2007, Minogue had scheduled dates for the United Kingdom.
After recovering from breast cancer, Minogue had started recording material for the production of X. She first started recording tracks in London, England for the studio album. "2 Hearts" was offered by Kish Mauve to Minogue. Commenting on it, Minogue said that she "loved it from the moment [she] heard" the song. She also described the recording sessions with Kish Mauve as "a joy". With additional production of Kish Mauve, they had also produced another track, "Lose Control".
Her new single "2 Hearts" and its remixes were leaked onto file sharing websites on 9 October 2007. It premiered on British radio the day after. "2 Hearts" was released in various formats throughout the world. While most territories received a CD single and digital download release, the song was also released as a limited edition vinyl single in the United Kingdom.
The song was promotionally released in New Zealand as a CD single, where fans got free copies, due to the promotion of Minogue's film White Diamond.
Recording and composition
Musically features instrumentation of electric guitars, guitars, drums, keyboards and piano riffs. The song also features "whooo"'s towards the singles chorus. In the verses, the song follows the chord progression Am-G. In the chorus, it follows the progression F-Dm7-Am-C.
Critical response
Upon its release, "2 Hearts" received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. Tom Ewing from Pitchfork Media compared the song to the music of Goldfrapp, and wrote that "it's an unexpected stylistic move" and "it plays to her strengths". Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. Alexis Petridis from The Guardian said the song "offers a winning glam, piano-driven stomp." Evan Sawdey from PopMatters was very positive towards the song, saying "From the sexy bass that sets up the opening track "2 Hearts", it's obvious that she’s not only going to go back to her disco sex-kitten persona [...] "2 Hearts"—aside from being one of her best singles in years—makes for an incredible album opener." Though Dave Hughes from Slant Magazine said that "2 Hearts" "serviceable rip of Goldfrapp's glammier slinks, kicks things off well" he felt that Minogue was playing it too safe. The Boston Globe highlighted the song as the album's best track, and said ""2 Hearts," the glammy lead track, is the heaviest song here, musically speaking, and also the freshest, even though the stomping, swaggering gem is a blast from the Marc Bolan-esque past."
However, the song did received negative reviews from music critics. Sarah Walters of the Manchester Evening News was less impressed, commenting that "it takes more than a bunch of singable wooh's to maketh the memorable single". Drowned in Sound reviewer Alex Denney called "2 Hearts" a "disappointment", stating that "it's a genetic three-way splice of the burlesque chic Christina Aguilera's been peddling for the last 12 months to a worldwide chorus of mehs, Alison Goldfrapp's vampish electro shtick and, quite literally, Feist's "1234".
Rolling Stone ranked "2 Hearts" at number 94 on its list of the Top 100 Songs of 2007, even though the song had not been released in the United States. The song also ranked at number 40 on Stylus Magazine'''s Top 50 Songs of 2007.
Music video
The music video for "2 Hearts" was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England in September 2007. The video features Minogue in 2 different scenes: dressed in a black latex catsuit, red lipstick and curly blonde hair performing with her band & another scene where she has a plain black dress, and in a darker, more mysterious environment. It is similar to Marilyn Monroe in Some Like It Hot. It begins with Minogue singing into a microphone on top of a piano. The video concludes with Minogue and her band performing on a stage with multi-colored confetti falling around them.
Minogue drew inspiration from London nightclub BoomBox, where she DJed during London Fashion Week. The costumes worn by Minogue and her band were designed by Gareth Pugh and Christopher Kane. The video premiered on GMTV on 10 October 2007.
"2 Hearts" was used in promotional advertisements for the ABC sitcom Cougar Town starring Courteney Cox. and was included in the Brazilian soap opera Duas Caras.
Live performances
Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours:
KylieX2008
For You, for Me Tour
Aphrodite World Tour (only in Japan)
The song was also performed on:
The Kylie Show 2007 TV Special
Chart performance
In Minogue's native Australia, the song debuted at number one on the Australian Singles Chart, becoming her first number one since "Slow" and her tenth number one overall. It stayed in the charts for 13 weeks. Although it was the lowest-selling number one of Australia in 2007, it received a Gold certification from ARIA in 2008 for sales of at least 35,000 copies. The song was not as successful in New Zealand, where it debuted at number 34 then left the chart the next week. The song then re-entered at number 38 due to the copies given at the premiere of her film White Diamond: A Personal Portrait of Kylie Minogue''. This was her last single to chart until "Higher" and her last solo single until "Timebomb". The song was not successful in Canada as well, where it only charted at number 60 for a sole week. In Sweden, the song debuted at number 39, then peaked at number three for two consecutive weeks. It was Minogue's highest single since "Can't Get You Out of My Head".
"2 Hearts" was successful elsewhere. It debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 12 on 11 November 2007, based solely on digital download sales. It reached a peak position of number four on 19 November 2007, and remained in the top 75 for a total of 13 weeks. "2 Hearts" debuted at number 29 on the Irish Singles Chart, a week before its physical single release. The track reached a peak position of number 12 in the Ireland the following week, and remained in the top 50 for seven weeks. Outside the British Isles, the song became a number-one hit in Spain, debuting at the top spot on 18 November 2007 and staying in the top 20 for 10 non-consecutive weeks. In Italy, the song debuted at number 10 on the Italian Singles Chart, then peaked at number two the next week. The song also charted in several other European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
Track listing
Australian CD Single
"2 Hearts" — 2:53
"2 Hearts (Alan Braxe Remix)" — 4:53
"King or Queen"— 2:37
"I Don't Know What It Is" — 3:18
"2 Hearts (Video)"
Remixes
Alan Braxe Mixes
"2 Hearts (Alan Braxe Remix)" — 4:53
"2 Hearts (Alan Braxe Radio Edit)" — 3:46
"2 Hearts (Alan Braxe Dub)" — 6:13
Kish Mauve Mixes
"2 Hearts (Kish Mauve Remix)" — 5:08
"2 Hearts (A Cappella)" — 2:46
Studio Mixes
"2 Hearts (Studio Remix)" — 7:38
Paul Harris Mixes
"2 Hearts (Paul Harris Extended Mix)" — 4:27
Mark Brown Mixes
"2 Hearts (Mark Brown's Pacha Ibiza Upper Terrace Mix)" — 7:02
Personnel
The following people contributed to "2 Hearts":
Kylie Minogue – lead vocals
Kish Mauve - production
Dave Bascombe - mixing
Geoff Pesche - mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
External links
Category:2005 songs
2 Hearts
Category:Kish Mauve songs
2 Hearts
2 Hearts
2 Hearts
Category:Songs written by Jim Eliot
Category:Songs written by Mima Stilwell | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Brahmanpally
Brahmanpally is a village in Rangareddy district in Telangana, India. It falls under Hayathnagar mandal. It is close to the Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad.
References
Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mitchell Oxborrow
Mitchell Tony Oxborrow (born 18 February 1995) is an Australian professional football (soccer) player who last played as a midfielder for Brisbane Roar in the A-League. He currently plays for Broadmeadow Magic.
Early life
Oxborrow was born and raised in the East End of London until age ten, when he moved with his family to Perth. Oxborrow attended both Woodvale Primary School and Woodvale Secondary College where he competed in the football program. Oxborrow showed talent from a young age.
Playing career
He scored his last A-League goal in a 2–2 draw against Western Sydney Wanderers on 19 December 2015 with a long-range direct free kick.
Oxborrow returned to Newcastle in June 2017, joining Broadmeadow Magic in the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW but cited his ambition to return to the A-League.
Oxborrow signed a one-year contract with Brisbane Roar in August 2017. In May 2018, Oxborrow was released along with teammate Corey Gameiro.
References
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Dagenham
Category:Newcastle Jets FC players
Category:Perth Glory FC players
Category:Brisbane Roar FC players
Category:Australian soccer players
Category:English footballers
Category:Australian people of English descent
Category:English emigrants to Australia
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:A-League players
Category:National Premier Leagues players
Category:Australia youth international soccer players
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Vanessa De Roide
Vanessa Menendez (née: De Roide Toledo; born August 1, 1987 in Carolina) is a Puerto Rican TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who winner of Nuestra Belleza Latina 2012. She was the female image of Fox Deportes.
Miss Earth 2005
She represented Puerto Rico in Miss Earth 2005 and finished in the Top 8. She also won the Best in Long Gown Award. As of 2019, De Roide, Yeidy Bosques, and Nellys Pimentel are currently the only 3 delegates from Puerto Rico to place in the finals, with Bosques winning the title of Miss Earth-Fire 2010 (3rd Runner-Up) and Pimentel crowned Miss Earth 2019.
Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2012
She represented Carolina at Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2012, finishing as 1st Runner-Up.
Nuestra Belleza Latina 2012
Vanessa de Roide won the title of Nuestra Belleza Latina 2012 on May 20, 2012. In addition to the title, she won a one-year contract with the Spanish speaking Univision, $250,000 in cash and prizes, and making her the second Puerto Rican woman to obtain the title, after Melissa Marty in 2008, and appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan en Español magazine in 2012.
Career
In May 2012, after winning Nuestra Belleza Latina, De Roide joined the Univision network where she made appearances on several TV shows including El Gordo y la Flaca, Sabado Gigante, Despierta America and Sal y Pimienta. She later became a backstage presenter on the 3rd season of Mira Quien Baila. In May 2013, Univision renewed her contract and she joined Univision's longest running TV Show Sabado Gigante starring Don Francisco. She worked as a model on Sabado Gigante until the show's finale on September 19, 2015. In October 2015, De Roide joined her manager and friend Joe Ahmed to create a new talent search competition called Iconic Model Search where young aspiring models would compete for a chance to become a successful model and win several prizes.
See also
Miss Puerto Rico 2012
Notes
References
External links
Miss Puerto Rico Official Website
Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Miss Earth 2005 contestants
Category:Puerto Rican beauty pageant winners
Category:People from Carolina, Puerto Rico
Category:Nuestra Belleza Latina winners | {
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Ecem
Ecem is a Turkish word meaning "my queen" and may refer to:
Ecem Alıcı (born 1994), Turkish volleyball player
Ecem Cumert (born 1998), Turkish-German footballer
Ecem Güler (born 1992), Turkish basketball player
Emine Ecem Esen (born 1994), Turkish footballer
Ecem Taşın (born 1991), Turkish Paralympic judoka
See also
Ece
Category:Turkish feminine given names | {
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Alberto Costa (Portuguese politician)
Alberto Bernardes Costa (born in Alcobaça, 1947) was the Portuguese Minister of Justice (Ministro da Justiça) from 12 March 2005 to 26 October 2009.
References
External links
Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:Socialist Party (Portugal) politicians
Category:Justice ministers of Portugal | {
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William Klyne
William "Bill" Klyne (March 23, 1913, in Enfield, Middlesex – November 13, 1977) was an organic chemist known for his work in steroids and stereochemistry — a field in which he was a "pioneer", and in which Ernest Eliel and Norman Allinger described him as "one of the world's experts".
Klyne taught at Westfield College, University of London, where he served as dean of science from 1971 to 1973, and as vice-principal from 1973 to 1976. He also served on the editorial board of the Biochemical Society from 1950 to 1955, and on IUPAC's nomenclature committee from 1971 until his death. As well, he established and maintained the Medical Research Council's Steroid Reference Collection, and wrote several textbooks, including The Chemistry of Steroids (1957) and Atlas of Stereochemical Correlations (1974).
Personal life
Klyne met Barbara Clayton in 1947 while both were employed at the Medical Research Council; they married in 1949.
References
Category:Organic chemists
Category:Academics of Westfield College
Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford
Category:People from Enfield Town
Category:1913 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:Stereochemists | {
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Sylva
Sylva may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Sylva (Snarky Puppy album), 2015
Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, a 1664 work by John Evelyn
Sylva, a 1960 novel by Jean Bruller
People
People with the given name
Sylva Ashworth (1874–1958), an American chiropractor
Sylva Kelegian (born 1962), American actress
Sylva Koscina (1933–1994), Italian actress
Sylva Langova (1921–2010), Czech actress
Sylva Lauerová (born 1962), a Czech writer and poet
Sylva Macharová (1893–1968), a Czech nurse
Sylva Stuart Watson (1894–1984), British theatre manager
Sylva Zalmanson (born 1944), a Soviet-born Jewish activist, artist and engineer
People with the surname
Buddy DeSylva (1895–1950), American songwriter
Carmen Sylva (1843–1916), German writer and poet, nom de plume of Elisabeth of Wied, queen consort of Romania
Marguerite Sylva (1875–1957), Belgian mezzo-soprano
Rene Sylva (1929–2008), American botanist
Timipre Sylva (born 1964), Nigerian politician
Tony Sylva (born 1975), Senegalese footballer
Vincent Da Sylva (born 1973), Senegalese basketball player
Places
Sylva, North Carolina, U.S.
Sylva River, Russia
Sylva, Perm Krai, Russia
Lake Sylva, on the campus of The College of New Jersey, U.S.
Other uses
Sylva Autokits, a British kit car manufacturer
Sylva Foundation, a British tree and forestry charity
See also
Silva (disambiguation)
Sylvanian Families, a line of collectible anthropomorphic animal figures made of flocked plastic | {
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List of Delaware state wildlife areas
The U.S. state of Delaware has 20 wildlife and conservation areas, as of 2015. Each of the wildlife areas is operated and maintained by the Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation, a branch of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC).
The state wildlife system includes over 56,000 acres of public land set aside to conserve Delaware's fish and wildlife populations. Unlike Delaware's state parks, which are geared to more general outdoor recreation, the wildlife and conservation areas are managed primarily for recreational activities such as hunting, fishing, and birding, similar to the National Wildlife Refuges operated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
State wildlife & conservation areas
See also
Fishing in Delaware
References
Category:Protected areas of Delaware | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Moore Dry Dock Company
Moore Dry Dock Company was a ship repair and shipbuilding company in Oakland, California.
In 1905, Robert S. Moore, his brother Joseph A. Moore, and John Thomas Scott purchased the National Iron Works located in the Hunter's Point section of San Francisco, and founded a new company, the Moore & Scott Iron Works Moore had previously been vice president of the Risdon Iron Works. Scott was a nephew of Henry T. Scott and Irving M. Scott, owners of the nearby Union Iron Works, where John had risen from apprentice to superintendent. Their new business was soon destroyed by fire resulting from the San Francisco earthquake. They quickly recovered and were back in business before the end of 1906.
In 1909, Moore and Scott decided to move across the Bay, and so purchased the W.A. Boole and Son Shipyard in Oakland located at the foot of Adeline along the Oakland Estuary.
In 1917, Moore bought out Scott and changed he business name to Moore Shipbuilding Company. In 1922, the company was renamed again as Moore Dry Dock Company. It operated primarily as a repair yard. Its shipbuilding capabilities were expanded in the World War II era, building over 100 ships for the U.S. Navy and merchant marine. Moore ranked 82nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. With the end of the war, shipbuilding ceased, but repair operations continued. Moore Dry Dock Company finally closed in 1961.
The yard was notable for its employment of several thousand African Americans, in both skilled and unskilled positions, at a time when they confronted major racial discrimination on the job.
At the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park an inscription honoring the wartime contributions made by the Bay Area Shipyards during World War II states that "Moore Dry Dock handled the difficult jobs of production, repair and conversion that slowed overall output in other yards."
In 1950, the Moore facility was the target of a union picket when sailors were having a dispute with a ship owner whose ship was in Moore's dry dock at the time. The court battle which ensued eventually lead to the Moore Dry Dock Standards for Primary Picketing at a Secondary Site (Sailors' Union of the Pacific (Moore Dry Dock Co.), 92 NLRB 547, 27 LRRM 1108 (1950)).
Moore Dry Dock Company ceased operations in 1961. Its former site, at the foot of Adeline Street, on the Oakland Estuary, is now occupied by Schnitzer Steel Industries, a large scrap metal recycling concern, based in Portland, Oregon.
See also
Emergency Shipbuilding program
List of shipbuilders and shipyards
References
Lane, Frederic C. Ships for Victory. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Arroyo, Cuahutémoc (Faculty Mentor: Professor Leon F. Litwack). "Jim Crow" Shipyards: Black Labor and Race Relations in East Bay Shipyards During World War II. The Berkeley McNair Journal, The UC Berkeley McNair Scholars Program. - downloaded from Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia at Ferris State University on August 19, 2007
Veronico, Nicholas A. World War II Shipyards by the Bay. San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2007. Ch. 5 Peninsula and East Bay Shipbuilding.
World War II Shipbuilding in the San Francisco Bay Area. Excerpt from Bonnett, Wayne. Build Ships!: San Francisco Bay Wartime Shipbuilding Photographs, 1940-1945. Sausalito, Calif.:Windgate Press, 2000. . Access from National Park Service website August 20, 2007.
Moore, James R. The Story of Moore Dry Dock Company: A Picture History. Sausalito, Calif.:Windgate Press, 1994.
Moore Dry Dock Company. Progress. Oakland, 1920 ()
External links
Moore Dry Dock Company from Shipbuilding under the United States Maritime Commission 1936 to 1950. Accessed August 23, 2007.
List of ships built at Moore Dry Dock Company
Photo: Oakland Estuary westward: Moore-Scott shipyard in foreground
Oil painting entitled "Wartime" - a view of the Moore Shipyards painted by William A. Coulter in 1919. Accessed March 1, 2013.
The Moore Shipbuilding Company, Pacific Marine Review, Volume 17 (1920), pp. 59–62. Accessed March 1, 2013.
A guide to the Moore Dry Dock Company photographs, 1878-1933
Moore Dry Dock Company Ships Plans, 1768-1962
Category:Shipbuilding companies of California
Category:Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
Category:Manufacturing companies based in Oakland, California
Category:History of Oakland, California
Category:Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1906
Category:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1961
Category:1905 establishments in California
Category:1961 disestablishments in California
Category:Buildings and structures burned in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake | {
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Galaxias divergens
Galaxias divergens (dwarf galaxias) is a galaxiid of the genus Galaxias, found only in the lower North Island and upper South Island of New Zealand. It grows to a length of up to 9 cm.
The single dorsal and anal fins are about two thirds of the way along the body. Like all galaxiids it lacks scales and has a thick, leathery skin covered with mucus.
The dwarf galaxias has six pelvic fin rays, which distinguishes it from most other galaxiids which have only five.
Spawning occurs from March to May and also from October to November. They live on a variety of aquatic insects, especially mayflies and midges. They are non-diadromous and therefore do not have a marine phase and are not part of the whitebait catch.
References
NIWA June 2006
Category:Galaxias
Category:Endemic freshwater fish of New Zealand
Category:Fish described in 1959 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Morris Kyffin
Morris Kyffin (c. 1555 – 1598) was a Welsh author and soldier, brother of the poet Edward Kyffin. He was also a student and friend of Doctor John Dee. Kyffin was a member of a literary circle that included the Queen's Godson Sir John Harington (writer), Edmund Spenser, and William Camden.
Kyffin wrote two dedicatory poems to works by Sir Lewis Lewknor, the first appeared in 1593 The Resolved Gentleman and the second in 1599 in Lewkenor's translation of Gasparo Contarini's De magistratibus et republica Venetorum.
Lewkenor, whom arms and letters have made known, In this work hath the fruits of either shown.
Maur. Kiffen
His best known works are the poem The Blessedness of Britayne (1587) and the first translation into English of Terence's comedy Andria (1588). In the same year he was appointed surveyor of the muster rolls to the English army in the Low Countries and in 1592 he was vice-treasurer of the ‘old bands’ in Normandy.
References
Biography at Welsh Biography Online
Category:1550s births
Category:1598 deaths
Category:Welsh-language poets
Category:People of the Tudor period
Category:16th-century Welsh people
Category:16th-century Welsh writers
Category:16th-century male writers
Category:16th-century Welsh poets
Category:16th-century soldiers | {
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Maria Sora
Maria Sora (born 10 June 1994) is a Greek female water polo player. She plays for Olympiacos in Greece. She was a part of the team winning the 2014–15 LEN Euro League Women, the 2015 Women's LEN Super Cup and the 2014 Women's LEN Trophy.
References
External links
Maria Sora interview by waterpolonews.gr (in Greek)
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Olympiacos Women's Water Polo Team players
Category:Greek female water polo players
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
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History of Southend United F.C.
Southend United F.C. is a professional football club formed in 1906 and based in Southend-on-Sea. Initially playing in the Southern League, the club joined the Football League in 1920 and has competed in the third tier of English football for most subsequent seasons. By 2009 the club had major financial difficulties but avoided administration on several occasions.
History
1906–1958
Southend United F.C. was formed in 1906 and played in the Southern League until 1920, when they co-founded the Football League's new Third Division; they finished 17th in their first ever season. In 1921, the Third Division was regionalised with Southend United joining the southern section and here they remained until league re-structure in 1958. Southend came close to promotion twice when they finished 3rd in 1932 and 1950, the club's highest league positions until 1991.
1958–1981
Southend United joined the new national Third Division in 1958, where they remained until 1966 when they suffered their first ever relegation, into the Fourth Division. The club had to wait six seasons until 1972 to experience the club's first ever promotion as runners-up behind Grimsby Town. In 1976 Southend suffered relegation again before taking another runners-up spot behind Watford in 1978. Another relegation in 1980 was directly followed by one of the most successful seasons in the club's history as they won the Fourth Division Championship in 1981, breaking a series of club records in the process. Despite success on the pitch and low admission prices, the club's gates were low and condemned as "a bad reflection on the town".
1981–1987
Many of Southend United's most gifted players were sold due to a financial strain. In June 1983 Anton Johnson, a local butcher who was also chairman of Rotherham United, bought 44.9% of the club from the Rubin brothers. The club was already £250,000 in debt. By August 1983 Dave Smith had been replaced as manager by Peter Morris who lasted until February 1984. On his arrival, Morris discovered that he had a squad of only ten players. Bobby Moore was installed as chief executive with Andrew MacHutcheon as chairman. The club were relegated into the Fourth Division in 1984 with Bobby Moore as manager. One of the club's darkest hours saw a season average attendance of barely above 2,000. Vic Jobson was elected as a director in the 1984 close-season, only to be forced out, along with MacHutcheon, months later. On the pitch, the team finished in 20th place, narrowly avoiding the need to seek re-election to the Football League.
Johnson was arrested on 23 October 1984. Two weeks before Christmas, fans discovered that £70,000 of the club's Christmas savings scheme had gone missing.While the fraud squad investigated, Robert Maxwell and Ken Bates stepped in, at Jobson's request, to lend the necessary money to the club to repay its Christmas savers. The club was now over £800,000 in debt. Johnson was banned by the FA from any future involvement in football, having simultaneously been in control of Southend, Rotherham and Bournemouth. Over a decade later, Ceefax reported that Johnson was seeking to take over Doncaster Rovers.
1987–1992
Promotion in 1987 was the beginning of a golden era for Southend United. Relegation in 1989 was a mere blip as two successive promotions in 1990 and 1991 saw Southend United become "full members" of the Football League for the first time in the club's history, and in 1992 Southend United finished 12th in the old Second Division, their highest ever position in the Football League to date. On New Year's Day, 1992, the club briefly topped the Second Division but their dreary late season form stopped any hopes of a unique third successive promotion that would have given them a place as a Premier League founder member. Manager David Webb then stepped down.
1992–2003
Southend United were managed by Colin Murphy, Barry Fry and then Peter Taylor over the next three seasons. In 1995, former Liverpool player Ronnie Whelan agreed to become player-manager, and Southend finished 14th in Division One in his first season as a manager, a year later the club suffered relegation after finishing bottom of Division One. Ronnie Whelan left the club, claiming a lack of support from the fans and a lack of money from the chairman. Subsequently, Whelan won a case for wrongful dismissal.
Alvin Martin was named Whelan's replacement. Martin was unable to avoid a second consecutive relegation which Southend once again finishing bottom of the table and were duly relegated to Division Three. First team regulars Simon Royce, Jeroen Boere, Andy Thomson and Andy Rammell all left the club and were replaced by Martyn Margetson, Mark Beard, Mark Stimson and Rob Newman. Alvin Martin left in April 1999, with Southend fifth from bottom in the Football League.
Alan Little took charge of his first game away to Leyton Orient, a game Southend lost 3–0. Alan Little, who had previously managed York City, signed former York City players Mark Tinkler and Martin Curruthers. With limited success gates were barely getting above the 3,000 mark and a crowd of only 2,403 showed up to watch the game against Kidderminster and Alan Little's reign had come to an end.
David Webb left Yeovil Town and was appointed the new manager, signing players Darryl Flahavan, Leon Cort, Tes Bramble and Mark Rawle. During the season David Webb became ill and Rob Newman took temporary charge, being appointed permanently when Webb quit the club. Southend suffered straight defeats to Lincoln, Swansea, Kidderminster and Hartlepool, and Newman was dismissed shortly after. Steve Wignall took over as manager and signed Drewe Broughton, Mark Gower, Mark Warren and Che Wilson. He released goalkeeper Darryl Flahavan after he deemed him too small to play in the League, but re-signed him after a poor run of results. Two more defeats followed and Wignall was sacked. In late 2003 former Southend United midfielder Steve Tilson was appointed manager and named former Leyton Orient boss Paul Brush as his assistant.
2003–2006
Southend reached their first ever national cup final in 2004 when they met Blackpool in the final of the LDV Vans Trophy at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Over 20,000 Southend fans travelled, but the team did not rise to the occasion and Blackpool won 2–0.
In 2004 Tilson and Brush were installed as a permanent management / coaching duo and led Southend to promotion to League 1 in 2005, while making a second successive appearance in the Football League Trophy final, which the Shrimpers lost 2–0 to Wrexham, but the third appearance at the Millennium Stadium in the League Two play-off final against Lincoln City brought success as Freddy Eastwood and Duncan Jupp scored the goals that gave the club their first ever taste of promotion via the play-off system and their first major piece of silverware since 1981.
2006–2007
On 29 April 2006 the Shrimpers were promoted to the Football League Championship after a 2–2 draw with Swansea City at the Welsh club's new Liberty Stadium. Southend were crowned League One champions on 6 May 2006 after beating Bristol City 1–0 at Roots Hall in front of over 11,000 fans. This was the last professional appearance of Shaun Goater; fans from his former club Manchester City came to give him a special send-off at the end of a long and distinguished career. For Southend United, the title was the club's first in 25 years. On 6 May 2006 Tilson was named as the League Manager Association's Manager-of-the-Season for League One.
Southend started the 2006–07 season reasonably well, beating Stoke City 1–0 on the opening day and a few games later Sunderland 3–1. Southend then did not win a league game for 18 games until 9 December 2006 when they beat Southampton 2–1 and West Bromwich Albion 3–1. On New Year's Day 2007, Southend picked up their first away victory of the season over Cardiff City, followed by a 3–1 victory away to Birmingham City on 31 January 2007 which lifted the Shrimpers from the bottom of the division on goal difference. On 9 February 2007 the Shrimpers defeated Queens Park Rangers 5–0 – a disastrous return for Southend's former goalkeeper Simon Royce. Southend escaped the relegation zone on 13 March 2007 when the Blues gained a 1–0 victory over Burnley. But after a 3–0 home defeat to rivals Colchester and only 10 league wins in the season, the Shrimpers were relegated back to League One.
On their return to League One Southend had bolstered their squad, adding Striker Charlie MacDonald, Winger Tommy Black and centre midfielder Nicky Bailey to their ranks. Despite the sale of Freddy Eastwood, Southend finished sixth in League One at the end of 2007–08 much to the thanks Lee Barnard, a January signing from Tottenham Hotspur, scoring 9 goals in 13 games, thus qualifying for a play-off place against Doncaster Rovers. Southend drew the home leg 0–0, but lost the second leg 5–1.
Following the play off defeat to Doncaster Rovers manager Steve Tilson began a mass summer clear out when Goalkeeper Steve Collis, Defender Lewis Hunt, Winger Tommy Black and club captain and loyal servant for over 10 years Kevin Maher were all released. Forwards Matt Harrold, Charlie MacDonald, Gary Hooper and Richie Foran were transfer listed. Darryl Flahavan and Mark Gower both turned down new contracts to sign for Championship sides Crystal Palace and Swansea City respectively. Simon Francis, Peter Clarke and Nicky Bailey were also later placed on the transfer list after failing to agree new contracts at the club. Francis later agreed and signed a new two-year deal. Bailey was being chased by Championship side Charlton Athletic, Bailey put in a man of the match display on Southend's opening game of the season against Peterborough United which was being watched by the London club, the game proved to be Bailey's last for Southend and signed for Charlton 3 days later for £500,000 which could rise to £750,000. Peter Clarke remained on the transfer list for the entire season stating that he "never wanted to leave and never asked to be transfer listed" but wanted to concentrate on his football and discuss his future at the end of the season.
2008–2010
Southend pulled off the shock of the summer transfer market with the deadline day signing of Crystal Palace legend Dougie Freedman, the Scotsman signed a two-year contract at Roots Hall just minutes before the window shut. Manager Steve Tilson was delighted to bring Freedman to Roots Hall adding some much needed experience to Southend's forward line, something The Blues had been without since the retirement of Shaun Goater. Tilson also signed goalkeeper Steve Mildenhall from Yeovil Town as his new number one following the departure of Darryl Flahavan and the shot stopper has become a firm favourite with the Southend fans. With Kevin Maher's departure Adam Barrett was officially named new club captain. Southend ended the season well with a run of just one defeat in nine games in February and March, that form was much down to two loan signings. Theo Robinson, a striker who signed until the end of the season from Championship side Watford and France U21 centre back Dorian Dervite signed from Tottenham Hotspur also until the end of the season and were both influential in Southend's late surge up the League One table. Despite this good form Southend unfortunately just missed out on a play off place with an eighth-place finish. Peter Clarke, who had remained on the transfer list for the entire season won the club's player of the season award before leaving the club and signed a three-year deal with League One rivals Huddersfield Town. Clarke admitted that he was leaving with a heavy heart and his time at Southend at been an enjoyable one, thanking the fans and management for their support.
Southend made four loan signings before the start of 2009–10 season with the signing of Colchester United defensive duo Matt Heath and John White both signed on initial one month deals. Chelsea teenager Lee Sawyer returned to the club for a six-month spell, the midfielder enjoyed a three-month spell at Roots Hall the previous season. Sunderland's French defender Jean-Yves M'Voto also signed until the turn of the year.
In Southend's opening four games of the season they picked up four consecutive draws, an opening day 2–2 against Huddersfield Town despite Lee Barnard and Franck Moussa giving the Blues a 2–0 lead. Southend followed that up with another 2–2, this time away at Walsall and then again on their travels at Wycombe Wanderers, Jean Francois Christophe levelled the scores in a 1–1 draw. A goalless draw with Millwall followed. Southend's first win of the season came in the First round of the League Cup against Cheltenham Town on 15 August 2009 Lee Barnard scored twice in a 2–1 win. That win in the League Cup set up a second round tie away against Premier League side Hull City, Tom Cairney and Jozy Altidore gave Hull a 2–0 lead but Franck Moussa pulled a goal back for Southend with an impressive volley from the edge of the area. Southend created chance after chance with Lee Barnard, Dougie Freedman and Anthony Grant all thwarted by Tony Warner in the Hull goal, Southend were caught on the break pushing for an equaliser and ended up conceding a third when Geovanni scored with seven minutes to play. Southend once again gave a good account of themselves against Premiership opposition. Southend picked up their first victory of the season on 4 September 2009 at home to Leyton Orient, Southend won the game 3–0 with Lee Barnard scoring his first professional hat trick.
Lee Barnard continued his fine form in front of goal with a number of braces against Walsall, Stockport, Bristol Rovers and Hartlepool. On 26 December 2009 Barnard scored his last goal for Southend in the Essex derby, it was not enough to prevent Southend falling to a 2–1 defeat. Barnard was reluctantly sold to Southampton on 22 January 2010 after an impressive 17 goals from 27 games in all competitions.
Southend signed Southampton striker Matt Paterson as part of the deal. Southend began life after Barnard with a home game against Wycombe Wanderers on 23 January 2010 which ended in a 1–1 stalemate. On 30 January Southend made an awful start in a game against Swindon Town finding themselves 2–0 down after just 7 minutes, Southend showed great fighting spirit and scored two goals in the final 3 minutes, Scott Spencer and Pat Baldwin earning The Blues a share of the spoils.
Southend lost out in the Essex derby, falling to a 2–0 defeat. On 6 March 2010 Southend lost 3–0 against Hartlepool with former Southend loanee Roy O'Donovan scoring a hat trick, the result also saw the club fall into the relegation zone for the first time in the season.
On 8 March 2010 assistant manager Paul Brush was dismissed after six and a half years with the club, Steve Tilson expressed his disappointment of the decision stating 'I've not only lost my partner, but I've lost my best friend'. The following day former manager David Webb was installed as Steve Tilson's new assistant. Webb stated that his role is only until the end of the 2009/10 season.
A dismal run of just one win in 2010 left Southend deep in trouble at the wrong end of the table, relegation was confirmed on 24 April 2010 away to Oldham despite twice coming from behind to earn a 2–2 draw it was not enough and Southend's fate was sealed.
Southend were relegated to League Two following a 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic and with League Two having a salary cap that would mean the high earners at the club leaving. Player of the season Simon Francis and goalkeeper Steve Mildenhall were placed on the transfer list, Francis was given permission to speak to League One side Brentford but he failed to agree terms. Winger Damian Scannell turned down a new deal to sign a two-year deal with Dagenham & Redbridge.
Club captain Adam Barrett and vice captain Alan McCormack both had their contracts terminated by mutual consent. Barrett stated he was sad to be leaving as he was and always will be a follower of the club but the club's problems off the field with late payment of wages throughout the season were too much to take for him and his young family. He also stated he would like to return to the club in some capacity one day but with the current state of affairs he felt it was time to move on.
McCormack made a short switch to London signing a two-year contract with Charlton Athletic, Addicks boss Phil Parkinson admitted he had been a long term admirer of the Irishman. Barrett later joined Championship side Crystal Palace where he linked up with former Southend coach Dean Austin and former Southend striker Dougie Freedman who is now assistant manager at Selhurst Park.
On 4 July 2010 manager Steve Tilson was put on gardening leave, ending his seven-year stint as manager. Chairman Ron Martin stated that he didn't see the fight from the players or the manager.
Cup successes
V. Manchester United
Southend beat Leeds United in the third round of the League Cup and the draw for the fourth round set up a home tie against trophy holders and Premier League Champions Manchester United on 7 November 2006. The away side fielded a strong team, which included 10 players capped at international level. Cristiano Ronaldo and Wayne Rooney were amongst the starting line up, along with Gabriel Heinze, Darren Fletcher, Wes Brown and Alan Smith. Southend had injuries to strikers Billy Paynter and Lee Bradbury while Matt Harrold was cup tied so boss Steve Tilson partnered Gary Hooper up front with Freddy Eastwood. After 25 minutes Jamal Campbell-Ryce was fouled by David Jones 30 yards from goal, Kevin Maher, Steven Hammell and Freddy Eastwood stood over the free kick, Eastwood curled "a wonderful free-kick around the wall and into the top corner past Tomasz Kuszczak" as the BBC reported. Southend held on for one of the most famous victories in the club's history. Since this was the only meeting between the two sides to date, Southend are one of the only sides to have a 100% record against the Red Devils (along with Zenit St Petersburg, Vasco de Gama and Bootle Reserves). The latter defeated Newton Heath, the original name of Manchester United, in the 1890/91 FA Cup 2nd qualifying round.
V. Tottenham Hotspur
On Wednesday 20 December 2006 Southend travelled to White Hart Lane to face Tottenham Hotspur in the quarter final of the League Cup, Southend put in a brave performance and with neither goalkeeper really tested the game went to extra time. Jermain Defoe scored the only goal of the game in the 119th minute which video replays showed was in fact offside. Darryl Flahavan, Kevin Maher and Alan McCormack all urged the referee to watch the replay on the scoreboard to show the goal should not stand but their appeals fell on deaf ears and were all booked for their protests.
After seeing off Barnsley in the FA Cup Southend were once again drawn away to Spurs on 27 January 2007. Robbie Keane gave the hosts the lead after 13 minutes which looked to be the start of a rout, Southend defended well and were able to see out the half still only the one goal down. Jermaine Jenas added a 2nd for Spurs shortly after the interval. Southend were given a life line and a route back into the game when a Matt Harrold shot was handled in the area by Hossam Ghaly, Freddy Eastwood stepped up to take the spot kick and confidently sent Radek Cerny the wrong way. Southend's hopes of an unlikely comeback were put to bed just 5 minutes later when Mido restored Spurs 2 goal advantage. Gary Hooper had a good chance to pull a goal back for Southend in injury time after lifting the ball over the goalkeeper but also over the crossbar.
V. Chelsea
On 3 January 2009, Southend drew 1–1 against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in the third round of the FA Cup.
Chelsea included Frank Lampard, Joe Cole and Didier Drogba in their starting line up. The Premiership side had the best of the opening exchanges and had a great chance to take the lead when Didier Drogba was one-on-one with goalkeeper Steve Mildenhall before Osei Sankofa slid in to take the ball off Drogba's toes as he was winding up the shot. Southend's resistance was broken just passed the half hour mark when Salomon Kalou headed in from a Frank Lampard corner. Drogba could have extended Chelsea's lead before the interval but Steve Mildenhall saved. Peter Clarke nearly drew Southend level with 10 minutes remaining after seeing his header come back off the bar, Clarke was not to be denied a second time and in the 1st minute of injury time a Johnny Herd long throw was directed by Ricardo Carvalho straight into the path of Clarke who headed in the equaliser on his 27th birthday.
The replay was scheduled for 14 January 2009 but was called off by the referee, Chris Foy, who had made the decision due to poor visibility caused by fog. Mr. Foy then reversed his decision after the fog suddenly lifted and visibility improved and the game went ahead but kick off was delayed by 15 minutes. Southend's Alan McCormack missed the replay through suspension after picking up his fifth yellow card of the season at Stamford Bridge. The suspension would have been in effect for Southend's home game against Crewe Alexandra which had been expected to take place on 10 January 2009 but fell foul of the weather. Chelsea won 4–1.
HMRC and administration fears
In October 2009 Southend faced a winding up order from HM Revenue & Customs over an unpaid tax bill of £690,000. The club were also hit with a transfer embargo, this left Steve Tilson with just 12 fit professionals due to injuries and suspensions to his already threadbare squad. George Friend, who was on loan with Southend from Wolves before the embargo was in place, was unable to have his loan extended, despite an agreement between the two clubs for the left back to stay at Roots Hall.
On 27 October 2009 Southend avoided the prospect of a winding up order but the club could still have fallen into administration, acquiring an automatic 10 point deduction so every point on the field was vital. Southend beat Gillingham 1–0 on 30 October with Lee Barnard scoring the winning goal in the 3rd minute of injury time. Southend avoided going into administration on 9 November having paid the outstanding tax bill of £2.135 million on 6 November. On 12 December 2009 the transfer embargo was lifted.
On 10 February 2010 Southend were back in court for another unpaid tax bill, this time £205,000. Southend chairman Ron Martin claimed that he was refusing to pay because the initial tax bill of £2.1 million was overpaid, the winding up petition was adjourned for 28 days. On 9 March 2010 Southend confirmed that the players had not yet been paid for and February and the PFA had to pay the players for January, the club were placed under another transfer embargo until they paid the money back. On 10 March 2010 Southend were given a 35-day extension to pay the unpaid bill or face administration.
On 14 April 2010, Southend were granted a final seven days to pay the outstanding bill. On 20 April 2010 the fee of £378,500 was paid.
On 2 August 2010 all cases against Southend United were dropped and an agreement was reached with HMRC. Southend's transfer embargo was lifted later that week.
2010–13
On 5 July 2010 former Sheffield Wednesday and Plymouth Argyle manager, Paul Sturrock was announced as the new manager with Tommy Widdrington as his assistant. Sturrock's first signings for Southend were former Northampton Town left back Peter Gilbert and striker Barry Corr who was released by Exeter City. Both players had played under Sturrock previously. Southend being under a transfer embargo both players could only sign pre contract agreements.
A squad of 17 players were only registered in time to play on the eve of the new season as the club's transfer embargo was lifted. Sturrock led Southend to a respectable 13th-placed finish in his first season. The club mounted a more serious challenge the following season, spending 11 weeks at the top of League 2, owing to the goals and form of Ryan Hall, Kane Ferdinand and Liam Dickinson. A subsequent decline in form meant the team had to enter the play-offs after finishing the season in 4th place with 83 points, a total that in any other year in League 2, would have won the league. Southend lost the play off semi-final against Crewe Alexandra 3–2 on aggregate.
A transfer embargo at the start of the 2012–13 season meant that the club started its campaign with a depleted squad. The loan signing of Britt Assombalonga from Watford proved a success as the youngster scored 12 goals in 18 appearances. Blues went on a run of 14 games unbeaten which saw them reach 4th in the table. At the turn of the year Southend's form dramatically dropped, although the club reached its first ever Wembley cup final in the Football League Trophy. Paul Sturrock was sacked 2 weeks before the cup final but was controversially asked to manage the team for the final. Sturrock refused and watched the game from the stand. The Blues took a record 33,000 fans to the match, but lost 2–0 to Crewe Alexandra.
Phil Brown was brought in as Sturrock's successor but picked up just one win in his eight games in charge as Southend finished the season in 11th position, with only six league wins at Roots Hall all season, a worse home record than Barnet and Aldershot who were relegated.
2013–present
Brown brought in former Darlington Manager Dave Penney as his assistant, whilst retaining Graham Coughlan as first team coach. Bob Shaw was also brought in as Head of Scouting and Recruitment. Brown's first summer signing was full back John White who had been released from neighbours Colchester United. He also signed former Hull City winger Will Atkinson who had left Bradford City. In 2015 Phil Brown led the team after a thrilling play-off final against Wycombe Wanderers (7:6 on Penalties) into League One. At the end of the 2016/2017 season the club missed the play-offs for the Championship by only one point.
2019-2020 financial difficulties
Financial difficulties, including a winding-up petition set to be heard on 22 January 2020, resulted in non-payment of players' and other employees' wages in December 2019, after which players consulted with the Professional Footballers Association. At this point (9 January 2020), Southend were 22nd in League One, 15 points from safety after winning only one of 24 league games.
References
Category:Southend United F.C.
Southend United | {
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Jaafra
Jaafra is a small town and rural commune in Rehamna Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10060 people living in 1389 households.
References
Category:Populated places in Rehamna Province
Category:Rural communes of Morocco | {
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Pudur block
Pudur block is a revenue block in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 44 panchayat villages.
References
Category:Revenue blocks of Thoothukudi district | {
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Nallavan (1988 film)
Nallavan () is a 1988 Tamil drama film, directed by S. P. Muthuraman and produced by S. Thanu and Ibrahim Rowther, starring Vijayakanth, Raadhika and M. N. Nambiar in lead roles. The film was released to positive reviews and was a success at the box office.
Plot
Gurumoorthy and Raja both (Vijayakanth) are twin brothers. Guru is set to marry a collector. On the day of the marriage, Raja is kidnapped and shown a photo where he is stabbing a girl. Raja realises it is Guru in the photo. What transpires later forms the crux of the story.
Cast
Vijayakanth as Gurumoorthy "Guru" and Raja
Raadhika
Nanda
Janagaraj
Kitty
Vani Viswanath
S. S. Chandran
Manimala
Disco Shanti
Ravi Guru
Thyagu
Charle
Achamillai Gopi
Chinni Jayanth
Anu Manthu
Production
The stunt scenes and a song was picturised and shot at Kashmir. Muthuraman revealed that crew faced tough time to shoot at the 600 feet hills for a song sequence.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Chandrabose.
Reception
The Indian Express wrote "The script is full of holes [..] Thanu, the producer of the film is credited with the script too. He has only himself to blame. S. P. Muthuraman directs the film as best as he can within the limitations of the canvass".
References
Category:1988 films
Category:Indian films
Category:Indian action films
Category:1980s Tamil-language films
Category:Films directed by S. P. Muthuraman
Category:Twins in Indian films | {
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Jonathan Overend
Jonathan Overend is an English radio journalist, currently working for BBC Radio 5 Live as a presenter, commentator and reporter. He also works as a tennis commentator for BBC Television.
Overend began his radio career as a volunteer at Hospital Radio Chelmsford. He joined BBC Essex in 1989, while still studying for his A levels. After studying journalism Overend became the UK's youngest full-time sports producer in 1994, at the age of 21. He then became a co-presenter of the BBC Essex Drivetime show.
In 1997 he joined BBC Sport to work on BBC Radio 5 Live as a reporter. He took over as the station's main tennis reporter in 2002 from Iain Carter and became correspondent a year later. In an 11-year tenure, he commentated on over 50 tennis tournaments, covering all of Roger Federer's Grand Slam titles, and Andy Murray's career from junior to world No.3. After the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, Overend accepted a new position as a presenter of 5 Live Sport, as well as reporting and commentating on football. He now presents 5 Live Sport every Sunday afternoon. He was succeeded by Russell Fuller as 5 Live Tennis Correspondent however he has since commentated on tennis for BBC Television. He has commentated on Wimbledon, Queens Club, the ATP Tour Finals and the Davis Cup.
Overend won the 2010 Sports Journalists' Association Sports Broadcaster of the Year award.
He is tall, and supports Arsenal F.C.
References
External links
Overend's blog at BBC Sport
Jonathan Overend at Journalisted
5 Live Sport
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:English male journalists
Category:English sports journalists
Category:BBC newsreaders and journalists
Category:BBC Radio 5 Live presenters | {
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Visualization software
Visualization software or visualisation software is a range of computer graphics products used to create graphical displays and interfaces for software applications. These products include libraries of graphical components or graphic objects (e.g., common charts, Gantt charts, diagrams and realistic equipment images) and software editors for building and deploying data displays for applications. Primarily used in graphical user interfaces, these products support common platforms, including Java, .NET, Flex, and C++, and are used in desktop and web-based applications. They are used in different industries, including transportation, telecommunications, manufacturing and defense, to display information in formats designed to be easily understood. These displays are primarily for applications requiring custom, high-performance interfaces that are scalable and industry specific.
Deployment options
Web
Desktop
Small portable devices (cell phones, PDAs)
Visualization applications
Network monitoring
Process monitoring
Traffic control
Production management
Train traffic control
Manufacturing processes
Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
Visualization technologies
Ajax
GIS
Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture
Software Development Kits (SDKs)
Java 2D
Swing APIs
Styling and Data Mapping (SDM)
DMS latitude/longitude, decimal degrees, UTM or MGRS
Vector
Raster
Geocentric
Geodesic
Decimal Lat/Lon
Visualization standards
NATO APP-6A/MIL-STD 2525B
ESRI
GeoTIFF
DTED 0, 1 & 2
GTOPO30 DEM
MapInfo
Oracle Spatial
TIGER/Line
DMS Lat/Lon
UTM
GRS 80
North American 1983 (CONUS)
Geodetic
NIMA/NGA
XML
Digest
Java2
XML
DIGEST
NIMA
RPF
VPF
SBGN
Associations
OpenAjax Alliance
Eclipse Foundation
TM Forum
Adobe Systems
Microsoft
ILOG
Books
“Application Design: Best Practices for Web-Based Software,” by Susan Fowler and Victor Stanwick (Elsvier)
, about integrating data mining, modeling and interactive visualization.
Graphic objects
Graphic objects are computer images used to represent resources and data in graphical displays. For example, in telephone network management, they can represent lines and nodes (e.g., junction points, phones and computer centers) and performance information, and IT commonly uses them to represent equipment (e.g., servers, clients and routers). They are often referred to as icons.
See also
Software visualization
Category:Computer graphics | {
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Challis, New Zealand
Challis is a settlement on the Otago Harbour coast of Otago Peninsula, within the city limits of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. Though officially regarded as a suburb, the isolated nature of Challis means that most locals regard it as a separate settlement within the city limits (as is also the case with many similar settlements on the Otago Peninsula).
Challis is located close to the shore at the foot of steeply sloping hills and cliffsides to the east of Dunedin city centre on the winding Portobello Road, which runs along the northern shore of the peninsula. Challis is connected by this road to the suburb of Vauxhall to the west, and with Macandrew Bay, to the northwest.
The smaller settlement of The Cove lies immediately to the east, between Challis and Vauxhall.
Category:Suburbs of Dunedin
Category:Otago Peninsula | {
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1990 Coca-Cola 600
The 1990 Coca-Cola 600, the 31st running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on May 27, 1990 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) speedway, it was the 10th race of the 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Rusty Wallace of Blue Max Racing won the race.
Background
Charlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States 13 miles from Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend and The Winston, as well as the Mello Yello 500. The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the Charlotte area. The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports Inc. (SMI).
Summary
Rusty Wallace emerged from early season mediocrity to announce his return to dominance with a shootout win over Bill Elliott. Wallace led 306 of the 400 laps for his first win of the season, resuming his final lead on lap 310 when Geoff Bodine made a green-flag pit stop. A two-lap caution beginning on lap 297 set up the duel between Wallace and Elliott, who had regained a lap he lost early in the race.
On the day of the race, 0.65 inches of precipitation were recorded around the speedway; a significant amount for the Charlotte area during the month of May.
Top 10 results
Race statistics
Time of race: 4:21:32
Average Speed:
Pole Speed:
Cautions: 11 for 48 laps
Margin of Victory: 0.17 sec
Lead changes: 15
Percent of race run under caution: 12%
Average green flag run: 29.3 laps
References
Coca-Cola 600
Coca-Cola 600
Category:NASCAR races at Charlotte Motor Speedway | {
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Lawrence, Pennsylvania
Lawrence is a census-designated place located in Cecil Township, Washington County in the state of Pennsylvania. The community is a Pittsburgh suburb located in northern Washington County near the Allegheny County line. As of the 2010 census the population was 540 residents.
Economy
Black Box Corporation is based in Lawrence.
References
Category:Census-designated places in Washington County, Pennsylvania
Category:Census-designated places in Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2015 County Championship Plate
The 2015 County Championship Plate, also known as Bill Beaumont Cup Division 2, was the 14th version of the annual English rugby union, County Championship organized by the RFU for the tier 2 English counties. Each county drew its players from rugby union clubs from the third tier and below of the English rugby union league system (typically National League 1, National League 2 South or National League 2 North). The counties were divided into two regional pools (north/south) with three teams in the north division and four in the south, with the winners of each pool meeting in the final held at Twickenham Stadium. New counties to the division included North Midlands and Northumberland who were demoted from the 2014 Bill Beaumont Cup while Surrey came up from the 2014 County Championship Shield having beaten Leicestershire the previous year in the Shield final having won the competition three years in a row.
At the end of the group stage the northern division was won by Eastern Counties who edged out Northumberland while the southern division was won with ease by Surrey who steamrolled through their group. The counties went through to the final and as group winners will be promoted to the top tier with Surrey making it two promotions in a row. Surrey then defeated Eastern Counties in the early kickoff at Twickenham Stadium, winning 17 – 3, in what was their fourth consecutive Twickenham appearance. In terms of individual player performances the top try scorer was Surrey's Ryan Jeffrey who got six tries in the tournament – all coming in the one game against North Midlands.
Competition format
The competition format was two regional group stages divided into north and south, with each team playing each other once. In the north group each team played one home game (there were three teams in the group) while in the south group, two teams in the group had two home games, while the other two had just the one. The top side in each group went through to the final held at Twickenham Stadium on 31 May 2015, with both teams also being promoted to the top tier for the following season. Typically there was no relegation although teams have dropped out of the division in the past.
Participating counties and ground locations
Group stage
Division 2 North
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Division 2 South
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Final
Total season attendances
Does not include final at Twickenham which was a neutral venue and involved teams from all three county divisions on the same day
Individual statistics
Note if players are tied on tries or points the player with the lowest number of appearances comes first. Also note that points scorers includes tries as well as conversions, penalties and drop goals. Appearance figures also include coming on as substitutes (unused substitutes not included). Statistics also include final.
Top points scorers
Top try scorers
See also
English rugby union system
Rugby union in England
References
External links
NCA Rugby
2015
Category:2014–15 County Championship | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Birdbrook Road Nature Reserve
Birdbrook Road Nature Reserve is a small nature reserve in Kidbrooke in the London Borough of Greenwich, which is managed by the London Wildlife Trust (LWT). It is a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, and was considered for designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
In the 1970s the site was a focus for the introduction of non-native amphibians and reptiles, and the LWT aimed to introduce native species. The site is described in 2015 by the LWT as one of London's most important refuges for amphibians. It has four ponds, grassland and scrub. Banks of broken concrete slabs, which are a remnant of the site's industrial past, provide a habitat for basking lizards. Other species include grasshoppers, bush crickets, dragonflies and butterflies.
There is no public access.
References
Category:Nature reserves in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:London Wildlife Trust | {
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Lawson Rollins
Lawson Rollins is an American guitarist and composer from North Carolina noted for his virtuoso fingerstyle technique and melodic compositional skills. Guitar Player magazine ranked him as one of the "50 Transcendent Acoustic Guitarists" of all time. His music is generally classed as Latin jazz and world music, with elements of samba, bossa nova, Middle Eastern, classical guitar, flamenco, and shred guitar. He often employs fast minor scales and diminished scale solo runs to his compositions which are executed in the flamenco picado style.
Music career
He is best known for his compositions World of Wonder, The Fire Cadenza, Santa Ana Wind, Flight, Daybreak, Infinita, and Moonlight Samba and his albums Airwaves: The Greatest Hits, Infinite Chill (the remix sessions), 3 Minutes To Midnight, Traveler, Infinita, Espirito, Elevation and Full Circle which were all critically acclaimed by the jazz and guitar communities. He has reached a wide audience on both radio and the internet. Video performances of Locomotion, The Fire Cadenza and Santa Ana Wind have been viewed millions of times on YouTube. His songs "World of Wonder", "Island Time", "Flight", "Daybreak", "Moonlight Samba," and "Infinita" have proven popular on jazz radio stations and landed on the Billboard Top 30 contemporary jazz radio chart. His album Full Circle landed on the Billboard Top 10 World Music album sales chart and he was a Top 100 Artist of the Year on radio as ranked by RadioWave. The song "Shifting Seasons" from Full Circle won the U.S. Songwriting Competition first place award for instrumental song of the year. Lawson was also awarded third place for Artist of the Year. In a separate year he received another first place award in the USA Songwriting Competition for the title track of his Traveler album. The Traveler album also won three Gold Medals in the Global Music Awards for Instrumentalist, Album, and Top 10 Albums of the Year.
Influenced by Andrés Segovia from his mid-teens, he developed an interest in jazz, flamenco, and improvisational Latin and Brazilian guitar styles in his early twenties. After graduating from Duke University he earned a graduate degree from the London School of Economics, then moved to Washington, D.C. in 1998 where he met guitarist Daniel Young (Dan Young) at a local flamenco shop and formed the Latin guitar fusion group Young & Rollins. They released several albums together, including Salsa Flamenca, which landed on the Billboard Chart in 2000, Sevilla (2001), Esperanza (2005) and Mosaic (2006) and played at venues such as the Kennedy Center and Sydney Opera House. Rollins was based in Washington until 2007 when he moved to San Francisco.
His solo albums are characterized by an eclectic mix of Middle Eastern, Brazilian, and Arabic music fused with Spanish guitar and backed by an all-star cast of musicians from around the world including Israeli singer and composer Idan Raichel, Brazilian singer Flora Purim, percussionist Airto Moreira, Cuban drummer Horacio Hernandez, Shahin Shahida of Shahin and Sepehr, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Iranian kamancheh player Kayhan Kalhor, Grammy-winning violinists Mads Tolling and Charlie Bisharat, and electric guitarist Buckethead, among others.
Lawson is a voting member of NARAS, a member of A2IM, and owner of the independent world music record label Infinita Records.
Discography
Albums
Solo
Infinita (Infinita Records, 2008)
Espirito (Infinita Records, 2010)
Elevation (Infinita Records, 2011)
Full Circle (Infinita Records, 2013)
Infinite Chill: The Remix Sessions (Infinita Records, 2015)
Traveler (Infinita Records, 2015)
3 Minutes to Midnight (Infinita Records, 2017)
Airwaves: The Greatest Hits (Infinita Records, 2018)
Dark Matter: Music For Film (Infinita Records, 2019)
True North (Infinita Records, 2020)
As part of Young & Rollins
Salsa Flamenca (2000)
Sevilla (2001)
Esperanza (2005)
Mosaic (2006)
Singles
Collaborations
Idan Raichel & Lawson Rollins: And If You Will Come To Me (Cumbancha Records, 2018)
Idan Raichel & Lawson Rollins: And If You Will Come To Me [Acoustic Version] (Cumbancha Records, 2018)
Solo
Locomotion (Infinita Records, 2012)
Santa Ana Wind (Infinita Records, 2009)
The Fire Cadenza (Infinita Records, 2009)
Compilation appearances
Solo
Guitar Greats: The Best of New Flamenco - Volume I (2000) (Baja/TSR)
Gypsy Spice: Best of New Flamenco (2009) (Baja/TSR)
Guitar Greats: The Best of New Flamenco - Volume III (2013) (Baja/TSR)
As part of Young & Rollins
Tabu: Mondo Flamenco (2001) (Narada)
Musica del Sol (2001) (Williams-Sonoma/EMI-Capitol)
Guitar Greats: The Best of New Flamenco - Volume II (2002) (Baja/TSR)
Caravan: Passion and Magic (2005) (Sugo)
Bolero Gypsies: New Flamenco - Volume I (2005) (Bolero)
Bolero Gypsies: New Flamenco - Volume II (2006) (Bolero)
Awards
USA Songwriting Competition - 2015, 1st Place Instrumental
Global Music Awards - 2015, three Gold Medals: Instrumentalist, Album & Top 10 Albums of the Year
USA Songwriting Competition - 2014, 1st Place Instrumental; 3rd Overall Best Artist
International Songwriting Competition - 2015, Finalist Instrumental
See also
New Flamenco
Flamenco rumba
Young & Rollins
References
External links
Lawson Rollins | Official Website
Lawson's guitar duo: Young & Rollins Official Website
Category:American jazz guitarists
Category:Gypsy jazz guitarists
Category:Flamenco guitarists
Category:Living people
Category:Guitarists from North Carolina
Category:Jazz musicians from North Carolina
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tammareddy Bharadwaja
Tammreddy Bharadwaja is an Indian film producer and director. He is one of the successful Telugu film producers. He is the son of veteran producer Tammareddy Krishna Murthy.
Early life
Tammareddy did his schooling in Wesley High School, Secunderabad. He later did his B.E. in the College of Engineering, Osmania University. He pursued a career as a Civil Engineer in Andhra Pradesh's irrigation department and also had a brief stint at Hyderabad municipal corporation. He then stepped into film industry in 1979 as a producer and director.
Operation B Predication
Filmography
Actor
Ee Rojullo (2012) as Himself
References
External links
http://tammareddybharad.com
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3761332/bio
Category:Film producers from Andhra Pradesh
Category:Telugu film directors
Category:Telugu film producers
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh
Category:20th-century Indian film directors | {
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Saginaw Gears
The Saginaw Gears were two separate ice hockey teams from Saginaw, Michigan:
Saginaw Gears (IHL), International Hockey League team (1972–83)
Saginaw Gears (UHL), United Hockey League team (1998–99) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Le Fête
Le Fête is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Kandanassery
Kandanassery is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.
Located between Guruvayoor and Choondal road, Kandanassery is a village known for its coconut tappers and agriculturalists. Kandanassery has borders with adjacent villages of Chowalloor, Mattom, Thaikkad, Nambazhakkad and Chowalloorpady.
Kandanassery has one government school up to Upper Primary, and 3 Anganvadis.
The famous temples in Kandanassery are Vazhavil Bhagvathi Kshethram, Chittikaattil Bhagavathy Kshethram, Muzhuvalangara Mahavishnu Temple & Kaluthipara Temple.
Kandanassery is the home of the industrialist M. P. Ramachandran, the chairman of Jyothi Laboratories. Many people of Kandanassery are NRIs working mostly in the Middle East.
The famous Malayalam author late Kovilan was born here, as well as the late film director Pavithran.
Noted Monuments with historic significance near Kandanassery are the Munimada, Kalluthipara and Kodakkal.
Demographics
India census, Kandanassery had a population of 12,343 with 5,732 males and 6,611 females.
References
Category:Villages in Thrissur district | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bekdik, Sarıyahşi
Bekdik is a village in the District of Sarıyahşi, Aksaray Province, Turkey.
References
Category:Populated places in Aksaray Province
Category:Sarıyahşi District
Category:Villages in Turkey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Witan Gate House
Witan Gate House is a large commercial building in Central Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England.
The site was built originally for Norwich Union in 1989–90.
BP looks after its UK network of filling stations from the site, which also houses BP's Chargemaster subsidiary which provides electric vehicle charging. IKEA Limited is headquartered at the site.
References
Category:1990 establishments in England
Category:Aviva
Category:BP buildings and structures
Category:Buildings and structures in Milton Keynes
Category:Economy of Buckinghamshire
Category:Headquarters in the United Kingdom
Category:IKEA
Category:Office buildings completed in 1990
Category:Petroleum industry in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Rick Gulyas
Rick Gulyas (born 15 December 1952 in Welland, Ontario) is a Canadian former ski jumper who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics, held in Sapporo, Japan, finishing in 48th position (out of either 56 or 62 competitors - sources disagree) in the men's individual small hill competition. Worldwide, his final standing in the 1971–72 season was 78th overall.
References
Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian male ski jumpers
Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Canada
Category:Ski jumpers at the 1972 Winter Olympics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chiringashima
is an island in Ibusuki, Kagoshima, Japan.
Geography
Chiringashima is the biggest island in Kagoshima Bay. It is uninhabited and lies about 800m off Tarahama. Its circumference is about 3 km and the area is about 60 ha, with a highest point of about 90m. There is a small island which is about 0.2ha that lies about 320m north of Chiringashima called Kojima or Chirinkojima. Chiringashima is a part of the somma of Ibusuki caldera.
From March to October, at low tide, a white sandbar about 800m long appears, enabling people to walk to the island in about 20 minutes. The longest time it appears is for four hours. According to statistics of the city, for 190 days in a year it appears more than an hour, and for 86 days in a year more than two hours. This sandbar is occasionally washed away after a typhoon, and disappears for a while, but it is restored when sand is deposited by the tides. The sandbar is on the base of welded tuff.
The plant Vincetoxicum austrokiusianum, which is listed as an endangered species, has been found on Chirin-ga-shima.
Sightseeing
In the island, there are esplanades and an observation deck, visitors can enjoy fishing and gathering shellfish. Another esplanade and arbor is under construction. A rest station, a visitors' center, and a wharf are also being planned. Since the natural environment has been preserved in this area, the idea of make full use of it is untouched beauty for the tourist industry is under consideration. On the other side of the island, another sandbar also appears for a limited time but the tidal currents around this area are rapid and could put visitors in danger, so safety measures need to be taken.
References
pp. 4 – 5
External links
知林ヶ島ホームページ～あなたも島に歩いて渡ってみませんか～
Category:Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture
Category:Ibusuki, Kagoshima | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Brent Clode
Brent Clode (born 21 April 1963) is a New Zealand sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
References
Sports-reference.com profile
Category:1963 births
Category:Canoeists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Living people
Category:New Zealand male canoeists
Category:Olympic canoeists of New Zealand | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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QI (Swedish version)
#REDIRECT Intresseklubben | {
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Grass (1999 film)
Grass: History of Marijuana is a 1999 Canadian documentary film directed by Ron Mann, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival, about the history of the United States government's war on marijuana in the 20th century. The film was narrated by actor Woody Harrelson.
Overview
The film follows the history of US federal policies and social attitudes towards marijuana, beginning at the turn of the twentieth century. The history presented is broken up into parts, approximately the length of a decade, each of which is introduced by paraphrasing the official attitude towards marijuana at the time (e.g. "Marijuana will make you insane" or "Marijuana will make you addicted to heroin"), and closed by providing a figure for the amount of money spent during that period on the "war on marijuana."
The film places much of the blame for marijuana criminalization on Harry Anslinger (the first American drug czar) who promoted false information about marijuana to the American public as a means towards abolition. It later shows how the federal approach to criminalization became more firmly entrenched after Richard Nixon declared a "War on Drugs" and created the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1973, and even more so a decade later and on, as First Lady Nancy Reagan introduced the "Just Say No" campaign and President George H.W. Bush accelerated the War on Drugs. The film ends during the Bill Clinton administration, which had accelerated spending even further on the War on Drugs.
Grass is almost completely composed of archival footage, much of which is from public domain U.S. propaganda films and such feature films as Reefer Madness as it also served as a portrait of marijuana in popular media.
The art director and poster designer of the film was Paul Mavrides.
Critical reception
The film was generally well received by critics, scoring 64 out of 100 in Metacritic, and 71% 'fresh' on Rotten Tomatoes.
The film has also won Canada's Genie Award for Best Documentary.
See also
Decriminalization of marijuana in the United States
Legal and medical status of cannabis
Legal history of marijuana in the United States
Marijuana rescheduling in the United States
References
External links
Grass at Box Office Mojo
Trailer
Category:1990s documentary films
Category:Collage film
Category:1999 films
Category:1999 in cannabis
Category:Best Documentary Film Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Category:Canadian documentary films
Category:Canadian films
Category:Cannabis law reform
Category:Documentary films about cannabis
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Ron Mann
Category:Canadian films about cannabis | {
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Spirama miniata
Spirama miniata is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in South Africa, where it has been recorded from KwaZulu-Natal.
References
Category:Moths described in 1856
Category:Spirama
Category:Moths of Africa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Robert Mansell
Sir Robert Mansell (1573–1656) was an admiral of the English Royal Navy and a Member of Parliament (MP), mostly for Welsh constituencies. His name was sometimes given as Sir Robert Mansfield and Sir Robert Maunsell.
Early life
Mansel was a Welshman, the son of Sir Edward Mansel of Penrice and Margam (died 1585), although he later established himself among the gentry of Norfolk. His early naval career is not recorded, but he served in the 1596 raid on Cádiz under Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, commanding HMS Vanguard, and was knighted for his part in it. He subsequently took part in Essex's Islands Voyage to the Azores (1597), then held commands off the Irish coast during Essex's campaign in Ireland. In October 1602 he was fitted out with a fleet and with the Dutch helped defeat six Spanish galleys under Federico Spinola at the Battle of the Narrow Seas. As a result, Mansell was named Vice-Admiral of the Narrow seas in 1603 and became Treasurer of the Navy in 1604.
Duel
In October 1600, Sir Robert's quarrel with a Norfolk neighbour, Sir John Heydon, ended in a notorious duel. Heydon's brother, Sir Christopher Heydon, was already noted for such affairs and in fact was at that moment detained in London by the Privy Council to prevent him duelling with Sir John Townshend. The Council seem to have got wind of the dispute between Mansell and Heydon, and the Lord Chief Justice wrote to Sir Robert Cecil, urging him to forestall it since the county was "already too much wrought into faction". But he was too late, and the fight took place outside Norwich: Heydon was badly wounded, and lost a hand (which is now, in a mummified state, on display in Norwich Castle Museum). Both Heydons were followers of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, and took part in his rebellion in the following year. Mansell remained loyal to the Queen, and took an active part in arresting those implicated as accomplices.
Political and business career
In 1601, Mansel stood for Parliament as a candidate for Norfolk, the election having been delayed by the Essex Rebellion. He was defeated, perhaps because of disapproval of his duel, but was however elected as MP for King's Lynn at the same election. He later served as member for Carmarthenshire (1604–14), Glamorgan (1624–1625 and 1628) and Lostwithiel (1626).
He accompanied the Earl of Nottingham on his mission to Spain in 1605.
In 1606 he and his nephew, Lewis Mansell, were two of the nobles who performed for the court in 'Hymen', a masque written by Ben Jonson.
In 1609, his name appears on the Second Charter of Virginia dated 23 May 1609. As investor (London Company) and on the council.
In 1613, he was accused of political disaffection and imprisoned in the Marshalsea Prison, but was soon released and seems not to have remained in disfavour for long since he not only retained his offices but in 1615 obtained a monopoly on the manufacture of glass. He established glass factories in various places, including the first at Newcastle, pioneering the use of sea coal rather than wood in the manufacturing process, and there are records of his later defence of his patents in parliamentary debates. He also acquired the Vauxhall glassworks in Lambeth and glass factories in Woolwich, where he also managed the dockyard and the ropeyard, close to his home in East-Greenwich.
In 1618, Mansel was appointed Vice-Admiral of England in 1618, and ceased to be Treasurer of the Navy. Contemporary papers suggest was not in fact intended as a promotion, and that he was deliberately moved to a less influential position because of suspicions of his dishonest administration as treasurer. Nevertheless, he apparently retained royal favour, even after the failure of the expedition he led against the pirates of Algiers in 1621.
In 1620, his name appears on the Charter of New England 3 November 1620. As investor (Plymouth Company) and on the council.
Personal life
Sir Robert married twice: first to Elizabeth Bacon, daughter of Sir Nicholas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal; and secondly, in 1617, to Elizabeth Roper, daughter of Sir John Roper. He had no children.
He died in 1652.
Honors
In 1613, Mansel Island in Nunavut, Canada was named in his honor by Sir Thomas Button.
References
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
J. E. Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
[https://biography.wales/article/s-MANS-ROB-1573 Robert Mansel on Dictionary of Welsh Biography
Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
Second charter of Virginia - Yale Law School
Charter of New England - Yale Law School
|-
Category:1573 births
Category:1656 deaths
Category:Duellists
Category:English admirals
Category:16th-century English people
Category:People of the Tudor period
Category:People of the Stuart period
Category:English MPs 1601
Category:17th-century Royal Navy personnel
Category:English people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
Category:Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Wales
Category:Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
Category:English MPs 1604–1611
Category:English MPs 1614
Category:English MPs 1624–1625
Category:English MPs 1626
Category:English MPs 1628–1629 | {
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The Wonderful Tune
The Wonderful Tune is an Irish fairy tale collected in Thomas Crofton Croker's Fairy Tales and Traditions of the South of Ireland (1825–28). Andrew Lang included it in The Lilac Fairy Book, and
Ruth Manning-Sanders included it as "The Magical Tune", in A Book of Mermaids.
Synopsis
Maurice Connor, a blind man, was the finest piper in Munster, and knew a tune that when he played, it forced everyone to dance. One day at a wedding by the sea, he drank a great deal of whiskey, and foolishly began to play that tune. Everyone, and every creature down to the crabs, scallops and oysters, began to dance. A mermaid came dancing up out of the sea and persuaded him to marry her and live in the sea. He promised his old mother to send, every year, a piece of burned wood to Trafraska to show he was alive and well.
His mother died soon after the wedding, but the piece of burned wood drifted ashore every year for more than a century.
Translations
Wilhelm Grimm's prepared the German translation Die wunderbare Melodie, but was excluded from Irische Elfenmärchen which was the translation of Croker's work. It was later edited using the manuscript copy, and printed in Irische Land- und Seemärchen (1986). The protagonist appears as "Moritz Connor".
A French translation entitled "L'air merveilleux" appeared in Loys Bruyere, Contes populaires de la Grande-Bretagne (1875).
References
Citations
Bibliography
Category:Irish fairy tales
Category:Fictional musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Omloop van Borsele
Omloop van Borsele ("Circuit of Borsele") is an elite women's professional road bicycle race held annually since 2002 in Borsele, Netherlands. Since 2012, the event also contains a time trial. The time trial is together with the GP Leende part of the Dutch national time trial competition.
Past winners Road Race
Past winners Time Trial
External links
Official website
(road race)
CQranking.com (time trial)
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2002
Category:Cycle races in the Netherlands
Category:2002 establishments in the Netherlands
Category:Women's road bicycle races
Category:Sport in Borsele | {
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Make Like a Thief
Make Like a Thief is a 1964 Finnish-American film.
Production
The film was a Finnish-US co production. Long said he made the film because it was a job, and it gave him the chance to direct and see Finland.
It was filmed during a strike by Finnish filmmakers; the producers received a special dispensation to make the movie.
References
External links
Make Like a Thief at TCMDB
Category:1964 films
Category:American films
Category:Finnish films
Category:American crime films
Category:Finnish crime films
Category:1960s crime films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Con Sullivan (footballer)
Con Sullivan (born 22 August 1928) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Arsenal and Bristol City.
References
External links
Category:English footballers
Category:English Football League players
Category:1928 births
Category:Living people
Category:Arsenal F.C. players
Category:Bristol City F.C. players
Category:Association football goalkeepers | {
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Gillan and Quinton v United Kingdom
Gillan and Quinton v United Kingdom was a decision by the European Court of Human Rights that ruled that the United Kingdom's stop and search powers without reasonable suspicion under the Terrorism Act 2000 were a violation of the right to privacy. The Court held that "the powers of authorisation and confirmation as well as those of stop and search under sections 44 and 45 of the 2000 Act are neither sufficiently circumscribed nor subject to adequate legal safeguards against abuse. They are not, therefore, 'in accordance with the law' and it follows that there has been a violation of Article 8 of the Convention."
References
Gillan and Quinton v. United Kingdom - 4158/05 [2010] ECHR 28 (12 January 2010)
Category:European Court of Human Rights cases involving the United Kingdom
Category:2010 in case law
Category:United Kingdom privacy case law
Category:2010 in British law | {
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James H. Fallon
James H. "Jim" Fallon (born October 18, 1947) is an American neuroscientist. He is professor of psychiatry and human behavior and emeritus professor of anatomy and neurobiology in the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. His research interests include adult stem cells, chemical neuroanatomy and circuitry, higher brain functions, and brain imaging.
Fallon, who himself states that he has the neurological and genetic correlates of psychopathy, has categorized himself as a "pro-social psychopath". In October 2013 his book, The Psychopath Inside: A Neuroscientist's Personal Journey into the Dark Side of the Brain, was released by Current (acquired by Penguin).
Family
James Fallon was born to an Italian American family. He also has English ancestry as a descendant of New York colonial settlers the Cornell family. He discusses his ancestry, and the many murders that have occurred in that family line, in a monologue of his own genetics and family history which has been broadcast on National Public Radio.
Academics
He received his biology and chemistry undergraduate training at Saint Michael's College in Vermont and his psychology and psychophysics degree at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York. He carried out his Ph.D. training in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, and his postdoctoral training in chemical neuroanatomy at UC San Diego. He is Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology at UC Irvine where he has served as Chairman of the University faculty and Chair and President of the School of Medicine faculty. He is a Sloan Scholar, Senior Fulbright Fellow, National Institutes of Health Career Awardee, and recipient of a range of honorary degrees, awards, and sits on several corporate boards and national think tanks for science, biotechnology, the arts, and the US military. He is a Subject Matter Expert in the field of "cognition and war" to the Pentagon's Joint Command.
Fallon has made significant scientific contributions in several neuroscientific subjects, including discoveries of TGF alpha, epidermal growth factor, and the first to show large-scale stimulation adult stem cells in the injured brain using growth factors. He has also made contributions in the fields of schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the roles of hostility and gender in nicotine and cocaine addiction. He is also cited for his research in the basic biology of dopamine, norepinephrine, opioid peptides in the brain, connections of the cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia in animals and humans. He has published in human brain imaging using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging tractography techniques, and the new field of imaging genetics.
Other work
In addition to his neuroscience research, James Fallon has lectured and written on topics ranging from art and the brain, architecture and the brain, law and the brain, consciousness, creativity, the brain of the psychopathic murderer, and the Vietnam War. He wrote Virga Tears: The True Story of a Soldier's Sojourn Back to Vietnam, which was published by Dickens Press in 2001.
He has appeared on numerous documentaries, radio, and TV shows. From 2007 to 2009, he appeared on the History Channel series on science and technology (Star Wars Tech, Spider-Man Tech), CNN, PBS, BBC, and ABC for his work on stem cells, growth factors, psychopathology, tissue engineering, smart prostheses, schizophrenia, and human and animal behavior and disease. On November 18, 2009 he appeared as himself on the CBS crime drama series Criminal Minds, which explores his theory of trans-generational violence in areas of the world that experience continuous bouts of terrorism, war, and violence. In a related story, Dr. Fallon and his family underwent functional brain imaging and genetic analyses for potential violence related brain and genetic patterns, as reported in the edition of November 27, 2009 of the Wall Street Journal.
Fallon prominently featured in the BBC production Are You Good or Evil?, where he revealed that he'd discovered that he, himself, has the neurological and genetic correlates of psychopathy. Fallon stated that he is not concerned and believes that his positive experiences in childhood negated any potential genetic vulnerabilities to violence and emotional issues.
Fallon is politically a libertarian, and religiously an agnostic.
References
External links
James H. Fallon faculty page at UCI.edu
Dr. James Fallon Makes Being a Psychopath Look Like Fun, interview by Roc Morin in Vice, October 5, 2014
Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:American neuroscientists
Category:American agnostics
Category:American libertarians
Category:American people of English descent
Category:American people of Italian descent
Category:American people of the Vietnam War
Category:Cornell family
Category:Psychopathy
Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Category:Saint Michael's College alumni | {
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Extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions
In the field of real estate appraisal, extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions are two closely related types of assumptions which are made as predicating conditions of an appraisal problem. Under the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), they are two of the assignment conditions on which an appraisal assignment is predicated, the others being general assumptions, laws & regulations, supplemental standards, jurisdictional exceptions, and other conditions affecting scope of work. Making the distinction between the two is important when compiling or reporting appraisals in the United States or other jurisdictions where USPAP is considered the professional standard because USPAP has different specific disclosure requirements for each in an appraisal report and specifies different conditions under which each can be made.
An assumption is a statement or condition that is presumed or assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn. USPAP defines an assumption as "that which is taken to be true". An extraordinary assumption is an assumption which if found to be false could alter the resulting opinion or conclusion. A hypothetical condition is an assumption made contrary to fact, but which is assumed for the purpose of discussion, analysis, or formulation of opinions.
The distinction between the two lies in the potential veracity of the assumption. A hypothetical condition assumes a condition which is known to be contrary to fact whereas an extraordinary assumption assumes a condition or a fact which is merely unknown or uncertain. The results of an analysis involving any hypothetical conditions are known to not be reflective of what exists because the assumptions on which they are predicated are contrary to fact. The results of an analysis involving extraordinary assumptions are only potentially not reflective of what exists to the extent of the uncertainty underlying the assumptions on which the analysis or opinions are predicated.
Distinction with general assumptions and limiting conditions
The concept of assumptions is closely related to the concept of scope of work in the identification of the appraisal problem in the appraisal process. The determination of the scope of work appropriate to the needs of the client, the use of the appraisal results, and the expectations of the appraiser's peers frame the extent of the general assumptions and limiting conditions of the appraisal assignment.
An appraisal can involve the assumption or determination of a wide range of facts or conditions. The determination of the veracity of all of the various facts and conditions on which an appraisal may be predicated is typically beyond the scope of investigation conducted by an appraiser and may exceed the appraisers expertise or competence. A distinction is made between extraordinary assumptions and general assumptions which allows an appraiser to make certain assumptions without having to personally investigate and confirm all relevant facts.
A general assumption is a typical assumption of an appraisal. A limiting condition is a special condition that limits the use of an appraisal, primarily by specifying the intended use and intended users of the results and appraisal report. If an appraiser has a general expectation regarding certain conditions and has uncovered no indication which might call such assumptions into question, he can treat the assumption as a general assumption, and as a consequence not be required to meet the disclosure and analysis requirements of an extraordinary assumption or a hypothetical condition.
For example, an appraiser inspecting a house may not be qualified to detect a termite infestation without an extensive expert investigation. Depending on the scope of work expected by the users of the appraisal and the appraisal's limiting conditions, if the appraiser has not observed any indications of an infestation in his normal investigation, the appraiser may omit such an investigation and make a general assumption that the property is not infested with termites and not have to meet the analysis and reporting requirements of an extraordinary assumption. However, the limiting conditions and description of the scope of work would need to make it clear to the users of the report the extent of the appraiser's investigation of the subject property and that the focus of the appraiser's investigation was determination of characteristics relevant to valuation and not the explicit detection of termites which would be the purview of a termite or structural home inspector and probably beyond the expertise of the appraiser.
The determination of the scope of work appropriate to the needs and expectations of the users of the appraisal results and the intended use of the appraisal drive the determination of the scope of work and scope of investigation appropriate to the appraisal problem and frame the extent to which the appraiser investigates the subject of the appraisal and the market. If in the course of investigation, inspection, or research the appraiser discovers evidence which might call particular assumptions into question, he may still have a further decision to make regarding the scope of work. Depending on the needs or expectations of the client, the appraiser may choose to continue to investigate the condition to determine its veracity or he may choose to continue to assume the veracity of the assumption despite indications to the contrary, in which case the assumption would be an extraordinary assumption and have to be reported as such.
Limiting conditions may frame the appraisal problem in such a way that facts or conditions which are even known to be false do not have to be treated as hypothetical conditions.
For example, title to a property may be owned subject to a minor mechanics lien, but the appraiser may define the appraisal problem as involving the unencumbered fee simple interest and conduct the appraisal assignment under the limiting condition that the appraiser is not responsible for or qualified to investigate the details of title and not have to treat the supposition of the absence of the mechanics lien as a hypothetical condition.
A statement of general assumptions and limiting conditions is often included in the discussion of the premises of the appraisal in an appraisal report for the appraiser's protection as well as for the information and protection of the client and third party users of the appraisal results.
General assumptions and limiting conditions are sometimes thought of as 'legalese' and 'boilerplate' for appraisal reports, but each assumption or condition must be reasonable and supportable in the context of the appraisal and must not conflict with the appraiser's other responsibilities such as the identification of extraordinary assumptions or hypothetical conditions.
Examples
Extreme examples
Although these concepts are of particular importance in the field of appraisal conducted under USPAP where they can carry legal consequences for an appraiser, they are generally applicable to any analytical field where calculations or representations of professional opinions based on such assumptions are communicated by a professional to a client or end user, such as through an attest function.
Appraisers often use extreme examples to demonstrate fuzzy concepts. There are several philosophical examples lying outside the field of appraisal that are often used to illustrate the differences between extraordinary assumptions, hypothetical conditions, and general assumptions or limiting conditions.
In a discussion or analysis of historical events one may assume the hypothetical condition that Bobby Kennedy was not assassinated in 1968 and went on to become President of the United States (known to be contrary to fact). The discussion could then attempt to extrapolate the resulting course of history, but the results, though possibly interesting or even useful, would obviously be not true because the analysis that produced them was based on a fact known to be false.
In a discussion of many subjects involving phenomenology, such as the debate between creationism and evolution, one must ultimately make a determination that God either does or does not exist. The belief in the existence of a god is generally regarded as an element of faith. The assumption that God does not exist is justified as an assumption of science under lex parsimoniae or Occam's Razor. The actual existence or non-existence of God is generally recognized as not being directly observable and not susceptible to logical proof. If the determination of the existence of God is important to the subject matter being discussed, then such a discussion or analysis would be based on an extraordinary assumption and not a hypothetical condition. Then if the assumption is important to the results of the analysis, the results would be only as reliable as the certainty of the assumption.
Carrying that example a step further, if one were to research the genetics of a transgenic potato, one might make the general assumption that God does not exist, or at least make the general assumption that He has no interest in affecting one's plant research. Even if you are religious and have faith in God, you can make a general assumption regarding His effect on your research. The limiting conditions of one's investigation may recognize that you might not be qualified to determine the existence of god, and the determination of the existence of God is beyond the scope of research.
Examples of hypothetical conditions
Classic examples of hypothetical conditions include
In the appraisal of property, assuming that a property is zoned commercially or can be rezoned for commercial uses when it is in fact zoned residentially and there is no reasonable expectation that it could be rezoned commercially. Such a hypothetical condition would have to be assumed in order to estimate the impact on value of a past downzoning.
Examples of extraordinary assumptions
Examples of extraordinary assumptions used in the course of analysis might include
In the appraisal of real estate, when an appraiser observes items which might potentially indicate the presence of environmentally hazardous material, but he has no direct knowledge of any environmental contamination and is not qualified to detect such conditions, he may continue to formulate an opinion of value under an extraordinary assumption that the property is not chemically contaminated, though as a practical matter, he would need to communicate the extraordinary assumption made along with the value conclusion so that the users of the report can make their own determination of the reliability of the results given the observed conditions.
Analyzing data and reaching a conclusion when the source of the data, its accuracy, or its veracity may be suspect, but is not known to be completely false. The conclusions would be based on the extraordinary assumption that the data is accurate and reliable.
Proposed construction example
One of the more troublesome examples of the distinction between extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions regards the valuation of property with proposed improvements or proposed alterations. Such examples require the understanding of and inter-relation with prospective values, retrospective values, and contemporary values.
A lender may be considering making a loan to finance the construction of a house and may need to know the value of the collateral that will result. The subject property is a vacant lot, but the client needs to know what the value of the lot is or would be or will be with a house (of certain described physical characteristics) constructed on it. For purposes of discussion, we will assume that everybody expects the construction of the house to take about six months.
There are a couple of choices of how to proceed.
If the contemporary value of the property is estimated as of the current date, the value of the vacant lot could be estimated without any particular assumptions. But if the property were to be valued as of the current date assuming the completion of the proposed house, the appraisal of the proposed property would be subject to a hypothetical condition because the assumption that the house is completed as of the current date is an assumption which is known to be contrary to the known fact that the lot is vacant. USPAP and appraisal ethics would require that the appraisal be reported in a manner which would not mislead reasonably anticipated users of the report into believing that the lot is actually currently improved with a house or mislead users into believing the value reported applies to the existing property on the current date.
If the value of the property is estimated as of the future date six months away when the property is expected to be improved with a new house, the prospective value of the vacant lot could be estimated, but would have to be reported under the extraordinary assumption that the house is not constructed. Also, the prospective value of the property assuming the completion of the house would also have to be reported as being subject to an extraordinary assumption that the house is completed.
Under the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, the valuation of a property with proposed improvements is required to be valued in its
'as-is' condition (usually considered as of the contemporary date as a vacant lot, but if construction has commenced, the appraiser must make a hypothetical condition that the lot is still vacant)
'as-proposed' condition under the extraordinary assumption that the improvements are completed as of a prospective date of valuation corresponding to the projected date of completion, and
'as-stabilized' condition under the extraordinary assumptions that the improvements are completed as of the projected date of completion and are leased to a stabilized occupancy at projected rents at a prospective date of valuation corresponding to the end of a projected absorption period after the projected date of completion.
Diminution in value examples
Often the purpose of a particular appraisal may be not the determination of the value of a property, but rather the determination of the contributory value of a particular component or portion of the property or the effect on value of a particular condition affecting the property or proposed to be imposed on the property.
Examples of these situations are usually found in the field of forensic appraisal where a legal determination is sought regarding the diminution in value resulting from the removal of a portion or component of a property or for the adverse imposing of a condition on the property. The estimation of the diminution in value is usually defined as the difference between the value of the entire property before the taking or without the condition and the value of the property or any remainder after the taking or with the condition.
Examples include
Estimating the just compensation due for a partial taking of a property by a public entity under powers of eminent domain or by the courts for other purposes often involves estimating the diminution in value for the partial taking. Usually such an analysis requires the assumption of a hypothetical condition in either the before or after condition, or both, and will often involve other extraordinary assumptions, for example,
In the appraisal of property, assuming for purposes of estimating just compensation for the taking of property for a public use by a governmental entity that the proposed public improvement will not be constructed in an effort to isolate any impact on market values of project influence.
the value of any property remainder in the after condition would be predicated on the extraordinary assumption that the proposed public improvement is to be constructed expeditiously subsequent to the date of taking.
Estimating the impact on value of physical or economic damage to a property from casualty or from actions of others, such as
estimating damage to a property from a casualty is usually estimated as a before/after calculation where the property is valued as of immediately before and immediately after the casualty. Usually the impact on value is measured as the cost to repair if the repair is economically feasible, that is if the potential loss in value or utility exceeds the cost to cure the deficiency, with the value after equal to the value before less the cost to repair. The value in the before condition would assume that the casualty was not about to happen. In many cases involving estimating damage for purposes of insurance, there may be requirements to assume several items, whether uncertain or entirely hypothetical, such as assuming a stable market for repair services after the casualty or involving various insurance exclusions.
estimating damage for an economic loss from events outside the property often involves assumptions in the before and after condition. For example, in a case where a noxious chemical plant is to be constructed adjacent to a substantial residence, the impact on the value of the residence of the presence of the rendering plant is estimated by first estimating the value under the extraordinary assumption that the plant is not to be constructed and subtracting the estimate of value under the hypothetical condition that it is already constructed and operating.
The calculations may sometimes have to be abstracted between various elements of damage. For example, assume that an aircraft is damaged in an accident, such as a gear-up accident. The value in the before condition assumes that the aircraft is not about to be damaged. Normally, the impact on value of the damage is measured as the cost to repair, but after a repair the result is an aircraft with a substantial damage history. Sometimes it is contended that there is a diminution in value in the after condition beyond the cost to repair because of the resulting damage history. The estimation of diminution in value from a damage history, one must value the property assuming a credible repair and compare that with an estimate of value of the property in the same condition as after the repair, but under the hypothetical condition that it not have any damage history. Such estimates are considered very difficult to prove and are often controversial.
When estimating compensation for a title claim, the before condition is usually predicated on the hypothetical condition that the title condition did not exist in the before condition. There may be other assumptions made regarding the existence of subsequently constructed improvements and other conditions.
USPAP analysis and reporting requirements
USPAP definitions
These two related terms are defined in the text of USPAP, and most appraisal literature and coursework have since been built around these definitions.
The two definitions are nearly identical except for the distinction:
Extraordinary assumptions are defined as assumptions, directly related to a specific assignment, which, if found to be false, could alter the appraiser's opinions or conclusions. A comment to the definition explain that extraordinary assumptions presume as fact otherwise uncertain information
about physical, legal, or economic characteristics of the property,
or about conditions external to the property, such as market conditions or trends,
or about the integrity of data used in an analysis.
Hypothetical conditions are defined as that which is contrary to what exists but is supposed for the purpose of analysis. The comment to the definition explain that hypothetical conditions assume conditions contrary to known facts
about physical, legal, or economic conditions,
or about conditions or facts lying outside the observable scope of discussion or analysis but potentially affecting the scope or results of analysis or direction of discussion (such as market conditions or trends known to be contrary to known conditions),
or about the accuracy, reliability, or integrity of data on which an analysis may be based.
Hypothetical conditions are assumptions made for the purpose of discussion or analysis which are known to be contrary to known facts and are distinguished from extraordinary assumptions which are assumptions made also for the purpose of discussion or analysis, but regarding facts or conditions which are merely uncertain or undetermined.
The distinction between hypothetical conditions and extraordinary assumptions can carry a legal consequence and are most important in analytical fields where calculations or representations of professional opinions based on such assumptions are communicated by a professional to a client or end user, such as through an attest function.
USPAP development and reporting requirements
The USPAP Scope of Work Rule requires that an appraiser identify specific assignment elements in the planning of an appraisal assignment and gather and analyze information about those elements, including assignment conditions, which include assumptions, extraordinary assumptions, hypothetical conditions, and hypothetical conditions.
Additionally, all USPAP standards dealing with the development of appraisals, consulting, or mass appraisal specifically require that any extraordinary assumptions and any hypothetical conditions necessary in the assignment be identified in the course of formulating the appraisal problem and planning the scope of work.
Under USPAP, an appraisal may be predicated on extraordinary assumptions only under certain conditions, specifically
the use of the extraordinary assumption is required to properly develop credible opinions and conclusions
the appraiser has a reasonable basis for the extraordinary assumption
use of the extraordinary assumption results in a credible analysis
and the appraiser complies with the appropriate disclosure requirements (as proscribed elsewhere in USPAP).
Similarly, an appraisal may also be predicated on a hypothetical condition only under certain additional more restrictive conditions, specifically
use of the hypothetical condition is clearly required for legal purposes, for purposes of reasonable analysis, or for purposes of comparison
use of the hypothetical condition results in a credible analysis
the appraiser complies with the disclosure requirements set forth in USPAP for hypothetical conditions
These requirements are specified in
Standard 1: Real Property Appraisal, Development
Standard 4: Real Property Consulting, Development
Standard 6, Mass Appraisal, Development and Reporting
Standard 7, Personal Property Appraisal, Development
Standard 9, Business Appraisal, Development
All USPAP standards dealing with appraisal reporting require that any written and oral appraisal report clearly and accurately disclose all assumptions, extraordinary assumptions, hypothetical conditions, and limiting conditions used in the assignment. These same reporting standards require that the reporting of appraisal assignment results must "clearly and conspicuously" state all extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions and state that their use might have affected the assignment results.
Appraisal reports written where USPAP compliance is a requirement or assignment condition will usually be written with a separate section, or sometimes two distinct separate sections, enumerating and explaining the rationale for and effects on value or utility of all extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions.
Enforcement of USPAP development and reporting requirements
The distinction between extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions can be a matter of law or professional standards in the field of real estate appraisal in the United States where the distinction is not only codified in USPAP, but enforced by various state real estate appraiser commissions or professional boards. However, the concepts are clearly applicable to appraisal ethics and professional conduct for all forms of valuation, including mass appraisal, personal property appraisal, and business valuation, as promoted by most appraisal professional organizations and associations.
All of the reporting standards state that an appraisal must be communicated in a manner that is not misleading. The reliability or accuracy of assignment results predicated on an extraordinary assumption is limited by the likelihood of the veracity of the extraordinary assumption. The purpose of the requirements to recognize and report extraordinary assumptions is to allow the client and third party users of the report to assess the veracity or likelihood of the extraordinary assumption and relate that to the reliability of the assignment results. Similarly, the results of assignment results predicated on a hypothetical condition are not reflective of the value of what actually exists since the analysis is known to be based on facts known to be false. The purpose of the requirements to recognize and report hypothetical conditions is to limit the potential for the communication of the appraisal to imply that the hypothetical condition may be plausible or probable and limit the potential for the a user of assignment results being misled by the appraisal regarding its actual value or regarding the existence of conditions contrary to known facts.
Distinction between appraisal assumptions and legal presumptions
Though the concepts are related, there is an important distinction between what appraisers call assumptions and what the legal profession and the courts call a presumption.
In a colloquial sense the two terms are considered synonymous. Many dictionaries define one term with the other
. In a legal context, a presumption is defined as a conclusion derived from a particular set of facts based on law, rather than probable reasoning. This can be colloquially interpreted as meaning that when the law makes a presumption, it is assuming a particular condition regardless of reality.
For example, most state laws are written with a "legal limit" for blood-alcohol content, often 0.08%. It is not a crime to have a certain blood alcohol content; the crime is operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. If a driver's blood alcohol content is measured above the legal limit, the law makes a presumption that he is intoxicated, even though a particular person's physiologically might be almost unaffected and his driving abilities might not be impaired.
However, the actual legal effect of a legal presumption is not the legal determination of a fact. Most presumptions are rebuttable. What a legal presumption does is relieve one party of having to prove a particular fact once a precedent fact is proven, but most presumptions are rebuttable. The presumption shifts the burden of proof from one party to the other.
Legal presumptions affecting appraisal conditions are rare, but the appraiser may encounter legal presumptions in the course of an appraisal practice. For example, in some jurisdictions a public entity has standing to commence an action to condemn private property only if it is able to demonstrate that it could not reach a resolution with the property owner. Often, the courts make a legal presumption that a resolution cannot be reached if the public entity make an offer in good faith and have that offer rejected. In this context, the public entity is usually able to demonstrate that it was bargaining in good faith if the offer made was based on an independent appraisal. This legal presumption is often the basis of why right of way acquisition procedures are set up the way they are. So an appraiser's entire practice may be the result of a legal presumption.
A legal presumption which may be regarded as an assignment condition might include the legal presumption that in the after condition of a partial taking of real estate, the proposed public improvement is to be constructed expeditiously immediately after the date of taking and not delayed for years or decades as is often the ultimate practical reality.
An appraiser performing and communicating an appraisal under USPAP may estimate value assuming facts and conditions proscribed by a legal presumption, but a determination would have to be made whether the assumption is an extraordinary assumption or hypothetical condition and communicated appropriately as required under USPAP. However, should the legal context require the communication of results in a manner contrary to USPAP, or if the law requires the valuation of a property under a hypothetical condition in a manner not apparently allowed by USPAP, the appraisal could be provided with the assignment conditions determined by a jurisdictional exception and still be compliant with USPAP.
References
Category:Real estate valuation | {
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Highly accelerated life test
A highly accelerated life test (HALT), is a stress testing methodology for enhancing product reliability. HALT testing is currently in use by major manufacturing and research & development organizations to improve product reliability in a variety of industries, including electronics, computer, medical, and military.
HALT can be effectively used multiple times over a product's life time. During product development, it can find design weakness when changes are much less costly to make. By finding weaknesses and making changes early, HALT can lower product development costs and compress time to market. When HALT is used at the time a product is being introduced into the market, it can expose problems caused by new manufacturing processes. When used after a product has been introduced into the market, HALT can be used to audit product reliability caused by changes in components, manufacturing processes or suppliers etc.
Overview
Highly accelerated life testing (HALT) techniques are important in uncovering many of the weak links of a new product. These discovery tests rapidly find weaknesses using accelerated stress conditions. The goal of HALT is to proactively find weaknesses and fix them, thereby increasing product reliability. Because of its accelerated nature, HALT is typically faster and less expensive than traditional testing techniques.
HALT is a test technique called test-to-fail, where a product is tested until failure. HALT does not help to determine or demonstrate the reliability value or failure probability in field. Many accelerated life tests are test-to-pass, meaning they are used to demonstrate the product life or reliability.
It is highly recommended to perform HALT in the initial phases of product development to uncover weak links in a product, so that there is better chance and more time to modify and improve the product.
HALT uses several stress factors (decided by a Reliability Test Engineer) and/or the combination of various factors. Commonly used stress factors are temperature, vibration, and humidity for electronics and mechanical products. Other factors can include voltage, current, power cycling and combinations of them.
Typical HALT procedures
Environmental stresses are applied in a HALT procedure, eventually reaching a level significantly beyond that expected during use. The stresses used in HALT are typically hot and cold temperatures, temperature cycles, random vibration, power margining, and power cycling. The product under test is in operation during HALT and is continuously monitored for failures. As stress-induced failures occur, the cause should be determined, and if possible, the problem should be repaired so that the test can continue to find other weaknesses.
Output of the HALT gives you:
1. Multiple failure modes in the product before it is subjected to demonstration testing
2. Operating limits of the product (upper and lower). These can be compared with a designer's margin or supplier specifications
3. Destruct limits of the product (limit at which product functionality is lost and no recovery can be made)
Test chambers
A specialized environmental chamber is required for HALT. A suitable chamber also has to be capable of applying pseudo-random vibration with a suitable profile in relation to frequency. The HALT chamber should apply random vibration energy to 10,000 Hz in 6 DOF (degrees of freedom). Sometimes HALT chambers are called repetitive shock chambers because pneumatic air hammers are used to produce vibration. The chamber should also be capable of rapid changes in temperature, 50 degrees C/minute should be considered a minimum rate of change. Usually high power resistive heating elements are used for heating and liquid nitrogen (LN2) is used for cooling.
Fixtures
Test fixtures must transmit vibration to the item under test. They must also be open in design or use air circulation to produce rapid temperature change to internal components. Test fixtures can use simple channels to attach the product to the chamber table or more complicated fixtures sometimes are fabricated.
Monitoring and failure analysis
The equipment under test must be monitored so that if the equipment fails under test, the failure is detected. Monitoring is typically performed with thermocouple sensors, vibration accelerometers, multimeters and data loggers. Common causes of failures during HALT are from weak product design, poor workmanship, and poor manufacturing. Failures to individual components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, printed circuit boards occur because of these issues.
Military application
HALT is conducted before qualification testing. By catching failures early, flaws are found earlier in the acceptance process, eliminating repetitive later-stage reviews.
See also
HAST
Reliability engineering#Accelerated testing
Accelerated life testing
References
External links
Environmental Test Chamber Selector By Application
HALT AND HASS The Accepted Quality and Reliability Paradigm
About HALT and HASS environmental chambers
Book "Next Generation HALT and HASS:Robust Design of Electronics and Systems"
"A Beginners Guide to HALT"
Category:Electronic engineering
Category:Product testing
Category:Environmental testing | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Alberto Ponce
Alberto Ponce (born Alberto González Muñoz) ( 13 March 1935-26 July 2019) was a Spanish classical guitarist and teacher who from 1962 lived and taught in France.
Biography
Alberto Ponce's father was his first teacher. When he was a child he entered the Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona, Spain, where, in addition to guitar, he studied piano, harmony and chamber music. He left the Conservatory with a diploma and an Honorable Mention. The Catalan musicologist and scholar Emilio Pujol advised him to enter the Lisbon Conservatory. After three years of study Ponce perfected his technique with him at the Accademia Chigiana di Siena, where he increased his knowledge of the music of the Spanish Golden Age.
In 1962, he won first prize for interpretation at the "Concours de Guitare" in Paris, organized by ORTF. In the same year Alfred Cortot, the director of the École Normale de Musique in Paris, asked him to teach there. There he had an unprecedented pedagogical career, having created one of the most prolific schools of contemporary guitar.
For many years Alberto Ponce was one of the few guitarists to dedicate himself continuously to both early and contemporary music. He influenced numerous artists, including Maurice Ohana, Chayne, Dyens, Ravier, Antonio Ruiz-Pipo, and Yoram Zerbib. He also taught at the National Conservatory of Paris.
Discography
L'art de la guitare
Si le jour paraît. Composer: Maurice Ohana (1913–1992); Orquesta Filarmonica del Prado; Daniel Chabrun, conductor Arion ARN 38 240 (1974).
Students of Alberto Ponce who graduated from the Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris / Alfred Cortot
Diplôme de concertiste (Performer's Diploma)
1968 ‑ Richard Riera/ Leticia Alba
1969 ‑ Rafael Andia
1970 ‑ Geneviève Chanut /Jéromine Stefanaggi
1971 ‑ Arnaud Dumond
1972 ‑ Michel Coing
1973 ‑ Michelangelo Severi
1974 ‑ François Martin
1975 --------
1976 ‑ Roland Dyens / Fumito Kurosaka/ Santiago Rebenaque
1977 ‑ Y. Iwanaga/ Luis Martin Diego/ Y. Sakaï
1978 ‑ Pascal Boels /Mike Dezavelle/ Maryvonne Landreau /Shinishi Fukuda
1979 ‑ Philippe Azoulay
1980 ‑ Marianne Renno / Eladio Scharron
1981 ‑ Jean Bruno Rasoloarison / Benoit Schlossberg/ Dominique Daigremont
1982 ‑ Catherine Fayance / Carlos Marin
1983 - Carles Trepat/ Sylvain Cinquini/ François Laurent
1984 ‑ François Moriconi
1985 ‑ Guido Fichtner/ Walter Zanetti/ Dominiqiie Barzyk/ Laurence Munsch
1986 ‑ Stephan Schmidt /Isabelle Etinger/ Jean‑Pierre Cuisinier
1987 ‑ José‑Manuel Lopez‑Mendez
1988 ‑ Murielle Geoffroy / Brigitte Weiss / Richard Montembault / Monica Paolini
1989 ‑ Jérôme Guillien/ Sandro Torlontano/ Roland Ulrich
1990 --------
1991 ‑ Giorgio Albiani / Corinne Freyvogel/ Andréa Gasperi /Yoran Zerbib
1992 ‑ Alberto Vingiano /Roberto Spano/ Adriano Rullo / Marylise Florid.
1993 ‑ Danilo Leggieri/ Renaud Duret / Sylvie Burgos
Diplôme supérieur de concertiste (Advanced Performer's Diploma)
1980 ‑ Jean‑Marc Ankri
1981 ‑ Eladio Scharron
1982 ‑ Dominique Daigremont
1983 ‑ Jean Bruno Rasoloarison
1984 ‑ Claudio Marcottulli/ Tania Chagniot
1985--------
1986 ‑ Walter Zanetti/ / Guido Fichtner/ François Laurent
1987 ‑ Stephan Schmidt
1988 ‑
1989 ‑ Brigitte Weiss / José‑Manuel Lopez‑Mendez
References
External links
Interview (Italian)
Category:1935 births
Category:Academics of the Conservatoire de Paris
Category:Academics of the École Normale de Musique de Paris
Category:French classical musicians
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Musicians from Barcelona
Category:Spanish classical guitarists
Category:Male guitarists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Aliaksandr Patsykailik
Aliaksandr Patsykailik (; born 8 March 1990) is a Belarusian handball player. He plays for SKA Minsk and the Belarusian national team.
He competed at the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
References
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belarusian male handball players
Category:Sportspeople from Minsk | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of most successful U-boat commanders
The list of most successful U-boat commanders contains the top-scoring German U-boat commanders in the two World Wars based on their total tonnage sunk.
The tonnage figures (and sometimes the number of ships sunk) is still being debated among historians. This is often due to convoy battles at night when an attacking "wolfpack" fired torpedoes into the convoy and two (sometimes more) commanders claimed the same ship. Although post-war research has clarified most of those claims, some are still in question.
World War I
This list contains the most successful German U-boats commanders during the First World War based on total tonnage. Only sunk commercial vessels are included, not military (warships) nor damaged ships.
World War II
This list contains the most successful German U-boats commanders during the Second World War based on total tonnage. Only sunk commercial vessels are included, not military (warships) nor damaged ships.
Notes
References
Category:U-boats
Category:Submarines of Germany
*
* | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) are a class of forward error correction (FEC) codes highly suitable for turbo (iteractive) decoding. Data to be transmitted over a noisy channel may first be encoded using an SCCC. Upon reception, the coding may be used to remove any errors introduced during transmission. The decoding is performed by repeated decoding and [de]interleaving of the received symbols.
SCCCs typically include an inner code, an outer code, and a linking interleaver. A distinguishing feature of SCCCs is the use of a recursive convolutional code as the inner code. The recursive inner code provides the 'interleaver gain' for the SCCC, which is the source of the excellent performance of these codes.
The analysis of SCCCs was spawned in part by the earlier discovery of turbo codes in 1993. This analysis of SCCC's took place in the 1990s in a series of publications from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The research offered SCCC's as a form of turbo-like serial concatenated codes that 1) were iteratively ('turbo') decodable with reasonable complexity, and 2) gave error correction performance comparable with the turbo codes.
Prior forms of serial concatenated codes typically did not use recursive inner codes. Additionally, the constituent codes used in prior forms of serial concatenated codes were generally too complex for reasonable soft-in-soft-out (SISO) decoding. SISO decoding is considered essential for turbo decoding.
Serial concatenated convolutional codes have not found widespread commercial use, although they were proposed for communications standards such as DVB-S2. Nonetheless, the analysis of SCCCs has provided insight into the performance and bounds of all types of iterative decodable codes including turbo codes and LDPC codes.
US patent 6,023,783 covers some forms of SCCCs. The patent expired on May 15, 2016.
History
Serial concatenated convolutional codes were first analyzed with a view toward turbo decoding in "Serial Concatenation of Interleaved Codes: Performance Analysis, Design, and Iterative Decoding" by S. Benedetto, D. Divsalar, G. Montorsi and F. Pollara. This analysis yielded a set of observations for designing high performance, turbo decodable serial concatenated codes that resembled turbo codes. One of these observations was that "the use of a recursive convolutional inner encoder always yields an interleaver gain." This is in contrast to the use of block codes or non-recursive convolutional codes, which do not provide comparable interleaver gain.
Additional analysis of SCCCs was done in "Coding Theorems for 'Turbo-Like' Codes" by D. Divsalar, Hui Jin, and Robert J. McEliece. This paper analyzed repeat-accumulate (RA) codes which are the serial concatenation of an inner two-state recursive convolutional code (also called an 'accumulator' or parity-check code) with a simple repeat code as the outer code, with both codes linked by an interleaver. The performance of the RA codes is quite good considering the simplicity of the constituent codes themselves.
SCCC codes were further analyzed in "Serial Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation with Rate-1 Inner Code". In this paper SCCCs were designed for use with higher order modulation schemes. Excellent performing codes with inner and outer constituent convolutional codes of only two or four states were presented.
Example Encoder
Fig 1 is an example of a SCCC.
The example encoder is composed of a 16-state outer convolutional code and a 2-state inner convolutional code linked by an interleaver. The natural code rate of the configuration shown is 1/4, however, the inner and/or outer codes may be punctured to achieve higher code rates as needed. For example, an overall code rate of 1/2 may be achieved by puncturing the outer convolutional code to rate 3/4 and the inner convolutional code to rate 2/3.
A recursive inner convolutional code is preferable for turbo decoding of the SCCC. The inner code may be punctured to a rate as high as 1/1 with reasonable performance.
Example Decoder
An example of an iterative SCCC decoder.
The SCCC decoder includes two soft-in-soft-out (SISO) decoders and an interleaver. While shown as separate units, the two SISO decoders may share all or part of their circuitry. The SISO decoding may be done is serial or parallel fashion, or some combination thereof. The SISO decoding is typically done using Maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoders using the BCJR algorithm.
Performance
SCCCs provide performance comparable to other iteratively decodable codes including turbo codes and LDPC codes. They are noted for having slightly worse performance at lower SNR environments (i.e. worse waterfall region), but slightly better performance at higher SNR environments (i.e. lower error floor).
See also
Convolutional code
Viterbi algorithm
Soft-decision decoding
Interleaver
BCJR algorithm
Low-density parity-check code
Repeat-accumulate code
Turbo equalizer
References
External links
"Concatenated codes", Scholarpedia
"Concatenated Convolutional Codes and Iterative Decoding", Willian E. Ryan
Category:Data
Category:Error detection and correction
Category:Encodings | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Piypite
Piypite is a rare potassium, copper sulfate mineral with formula: K2Cu2O(SO4)2. It crystallizes in the tetragonal system and occurs as needlelike crystals and masses. Individual crystals are square in cross-section and often hollow. It is emerald green to black in color with a vitreous to greasy luster.
It was first described in 1982 for an occurrence in the Main Fracture of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast, Russia. It has also been reported from Mount Vesuvius, Italy, and in a slag deposit in the Bad Ems District in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It occurs as a sublimate phase in a fumarole environment. Associated minerals include halite, sylvite, langbeinite, tenorite, hematite, tolbachite, dolerophanite, urusovite, aphthitalite, ponomarevite, cotunnite, chalcocyanite, sofiite, euchlorine, averievite, fedotovite, alarsite, alumoklyuchevskite, nabokoite and lammerite at the type locality in Kamchatka. On Vesuvius it occurs with paratacamite.
References
Category:Sulfate minerals
Category:Tetragonal minerals | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Michael D. Ward
Michael Don Ward (born August 24, 1948) is an American political scientist and academic. He is professor emeritus of political science at Duke University, an affiliate of the Duke Network Analysis Center, and the principal investigator at Ward Lab, a website that creates conflict predictions using Bayesian modeling and network analysis.
Biography
Ward received a B. A. (Hons) from Indiana University in 1970 where he studied with Dina A. Zinnes and John Gillespie. He served with the 287th Military Police (Sep) in the Berlin Brigade from 1970 to 1972. Subsequently, he earned a Ph.D. in political science from Northwestern University in 1977 after which he was the Gordon Scott Fulcher Research Fellow where he worked with Harold Guetzkow from 1977 to 1979. He then joined the Science Center Berlin, working with Karl Wolfgang Deutsch and others for two years building a global political model. After leaving the Science Center, he was appointed Associate Professor of political science at the University of Colorado in 1981, where he was Director of the Center for International Relations. He later moved to the University of Washington in 1997. He was a founding member of the Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, and served on its executive board for a decade. In 2009, he joined the faculty of Duke University, and established wardlab.
Academic work and reception
Ward is the author of two books on statistical methods and one book on world geography, as well as editor or co-editor of three books on political science and political geography.
Ward is the principal investigator at Ward Lab, a research lab of graduate and undergraduate students at Duke. It is also a website that creates conflict predictions using Bayesian modeling and network analysis. The lab also runs Predictive Heuristics, one of the foremost blogs on global political forecasting and conflict forecasting.
Ward's article "The perils of policy by p-value", along with Brian D. Greenhill and Kristin M. Bakke, was included by political scientist Jay Ulfelder in his list of suggested readings for political forecasters. Phil Schrodt commented that this work is "in terms of political prediction using formal models, easily the most important work in the past quarter century."
Ward is also known for having a relatively optimistic outlook about the ability to forecast potential conflicts and crises, putting him at odds with Jay Ulfelder, as expressed in an article by Ulfelder for Foreign Policy and a response by Ward and Metternich in the same magazine. Ulfelder later clarified his position and indicated that the disagreement was less deep than it seemed. A paper co-authored by Ward and others at Ward Lab received a mixed review from Ulfelder, who agreed with the author's goals and their assessment of the importance of the scientific value and policy relevance of forecasting, but considered the author's attempt in the paper to be overly ambitious.
References
External links
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Duke University faculty
Category:Indiana University alumni
Category:Northwestern University alumni
Category:American political scientists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thomas Snagge (c.1564–1627)
Sir Thomas Snagge (c.1564 – 1627) of Marston Moretaine, Bedfordshire, was an English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff.
He was the eldest son of the lawyer and MP Thomas Snagge and studied law at Gray's Inn himself before succeeding his father to his Bedfordshire estates in 1593.
He sat in Parliament for a single term in 1586/87 as the MP for Bedford and was knighted by King James I in 1603. He served as a Justice of the Peace for the county and was pricked High Sheriff of Bedfordshire for 1607-08.
He died in 1627 and was buried at Marston Moretaine. He had married a daughter of the Bedfordshire MP George Rotheram and left two sons, Thomas and Edward.
References
Category:1560s births
Category:1627 deaths
Category:People from Bedfordshire
Category:Members of Gray's Inn
Category:Knights Bachelor
Category:English MPs 1586–1587
Category:High Sheriffs of Bedfordshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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