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List of Brunch at Bobby's episodes
|
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1dm1kb9deblu5frtgv7ekx7d6wqsp4d
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2024-06-06T15:16:34Z
| 1,186,268,543 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Episodes",
"Season 1 (2010–2011)",
"Season 2 (2011)",
"Season 3 (2013)",
"Season 4 (2014)",
"Season 5 (2015)",
"Season 6 (2015–2016)",
"Season 7 (2016–17)",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
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"\n\nThe [American](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") [cooking](/wiki/Cooking \"Cooking\")\\-themed [television](/wiki/Food_reality_television \"Food reality television\") [series](/wiki/Television_series \"Television series\") ***[Brunch at Bobby's](/wiki/Brunch_at_Bobby%27s \"Brunch at Bobby's\")*** has aired on [Food Network](/wiki/Food_Network \"Food Network\") since 2016, after initially airing on [sister station](/wiki/Sister_network \"Sister network\") [Cooking Channel](/wiki/Cooking_Channel \"Cooking Channel\") from 2010 to 2015\\. 92 **episodes of the series** have aired over seven seasons, with the most recent episode airing on January 7, 2017\\.\n\n",
"Episodes\n--------\n\n### Season 1 (2010–2011\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"South of the Border\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-108H\n\n|2\n\n \"Cuisine du Jour\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-104H\n\n|3\n\n \"Buon Appetito\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-101H\n\n|4\n\n \"Luck of the Irish\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-102H\n\n|5\n\n \"Siesta Fiesta\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-105H\n\n|6\n\n \"Stephanie's Favorites\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-107H\n\n|7\n\n \"The Big Easy\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-106H\n\n|8\n\n \"Off to the Races\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-103H\n\n|9\n\n \"Bite Size Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-110H\n\n|10\n\n \"Slumber Party\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-109H\n\n|11\n\n \"Brunch That Does a Body Good\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-111H\n\n### Season 2 (2011\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Tuscan Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-203H\n\n|2\n\n \"A Royal Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-207H\n\n|3\n\n \"Brunch on the Go\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-205H\n\n|4\n\n \"Brunch Americain\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-209H\n\n|5\n\n \"Deli\\-Icious Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-201H\n\n|6\n\n \"Southern Comfort Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-206H\n\n|7\n\n \"Brasserie Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-204H\n\n|8\n\n \"Brunch for a Bunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-210H\n\n|9\n\n \"Chocolate Lovers Delight\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-202H\n\n|10\n\n \"Caribbean Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-208H\n\n### Season 3 (2013\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Tasty Trattoria Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-303H\n\n|2\n\n \"Brunch Bites Across Europe\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-305H\n\n|3\n\n \"Vermont Bed \\& Breakfast Style\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-306H\n\n|4\n\n \"Best of the Pacific Northwest\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-310H\n\n|5\n\n \"Southern Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-302H\n\n|6\n\n \"Bourbon Street\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-311H\n\n|7\n\n \"Sizzling South Beach Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-301H\n\n|8\n\n \"Bold Southwestern Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-312H\n\n|9\n\n \"Open House Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-313H\n\n|10\n\n \"Bay City Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-304H\n\n|11\n\n \"A Basket of Brunch Goodies\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-307H\n\n|12\n\n \"Flavors of New England\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-309H\n\n|13\n\n \"Beach\\-y Keen Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-308H\n\n|14\n\n \"A French Countryside Picnic\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-314H\n\n|15\n\n \"Brunch on Bourbon Street\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-311H\n\n### Season 4 (2014\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"New Orleans Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-411H\n\n|2\n\n \"French\\-American Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-403H\n\n|3\n\n \"Southwest Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-407H\n\n|4\n\n \"Wine Country\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-408H\n\n|5\n\n \"Winter Weekend Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-412H\n\n|6\n\n \"Springtime Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-413H\n\n|7\n\n \"Trattoria Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-409H\n\n|8\n\n \"Bread\\-Y for Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-410H\n\n|9\n\n \"Mexican Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-401H\n\n|10\n\n \"Impress Your Guests\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-405H\n\n|11\n\n \"Farmer's Market Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-402H\n\n|12\n\n \"Chocolate Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-404H\n\n|13\n\n \"Marrakesh Express Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-406H\n\n### Season 5 (2015\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Waffles Gone Wild\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-504H\n\n|2\n\n \"Wake Up Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-505H\n\n|3\n\n \"Say Cheese\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-508H\n\n|4\n\n \"Brunch on the Run\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-512H\n\n|5\n\n \"Chocoholic Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-511H\n\n|6\n\n \"Breakfast in Bed\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-503H\n\n|7\n\n \"New Diner Favorites\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-501H\n\n|8\n\n \"Big Apple Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-513H\n\n|9\n\n \"Irish Style Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-507H\n\n|10\n\n \"Brunch in Bloom\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-502H\n\n|11\n\n \"Bread Lovers' Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-506H\n\n|12\n\n \"Retro Revamp Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-509H\n\n|13\n\n \"Weekend Staycation\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-510H\n\n### Season 6 (2015–2016\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Pancake House Favorites\" |\n\nAS0601H\n\n|2\n\n \"Thanksgiving Brunch\" |\n\nAS0602H\n\n|3\n\n \"Entertaining Middle Eastern Style\" |\n\nAS0603H\n\n|4\n\n \"Holiday Leftover Brunch\" |\n\nAS0604H\n\n|5\n\n \"Home for the Holidays Brunch\" |\n\nAS0605H\n\n|6\n\n \"Guilt\\-Free Brunch\" |\n\nAS0606H\n\n|7\n\n \"Breaking Bread for Brunch\" |\n\nAS0607H\n\n|8\n\n \"Money\\-Saving Showstoppers\" |\n\nAS0608H\n\n|9\n\n \"Buttermilk Brunch\" |\n\nAS0609H\n\n|10\n\n \"Big Game Brunch\" |\n\nAS0610H\n\n|11\n\n \"Cocoa\\-Licious Brunch\" |\n\nAS0612H\n\n|12\n\n \"The Savory Side of Brunch\" |\n\nAS0611H\n\n|13\n\n \"Comfort Food Fake\\-Outs\" |\n\nAS0613H\n\n|14\n\n \"Beachside Brunch\" |\n\nAS0614H\n\n|15\n\n \"Ladies Who Brunch\" |\n\nAS0615H\n\n|16\n\n \"Apples to Apples Brunch\" |\n\nAS0616H\n\n|17\n\n \"Buzz\\-Worthy Brunch\" |\n\nAS0617H\n\n### Season 7 (2016–17\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Keeping It Breezy\" |\n\nAS0701H\n\n|2\n\n \"Barbecue in the Big Apple\" |\n\nAS0702H\n\n|3\n\n \"Between the Bread\" |\n\nAS0703H\n\n|4\n\n \"Get Your Fit On\" |\n\nAS0704H\n\n|5\n\n \"Bobby Loves Biscuits\" |\n\nAS0705H\n\n|6\n\n \"Time to Pull the Curtain on Crepes\" |\n\nAS0706H\n\n|7\n\n \"Sophie's Sunday Funday\" |\n\nAS0707H\n\n|8\n\n \"Updated Manhattan\" |\n\nAS0708H\n\n|9\n\n \"Wake Up Your Sweet Tooth\" |\n\nAS0709H\n\n|10\n\n \"Almost Home for Thanksgiving\" |\n\nAS0710H\n\n|11\n\n \"Preaking Out\" |\n\nAS0711H\n\n|12\n\n \"It's the Brunch After Christmas\" |\n\nAS0712H\n\n|13\n\n \"Inspired By Italy\" |\n\nAS0713H\n\n",
"### Season 1 (2010–2011\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"South of the Border\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-108H\n\n|2\n\n \"Cuisine du Jour\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-104H\n\n|3\n\n \"Buon Appetito\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-101H\n\n|4\n\n \"Luck of the Irish\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-102H\n\n|5\n\n \"Siesta Fiesta\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-105H\n\n|6\n\n \"Stephanie's Favorites\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-107H\n\n|7\n\n \"The Big Easy\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-106H\n\n|8\n\n \"Off to the Races\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-103H\n\n|9\n\n \"Bite Size Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-110H\n\n|10\n\n \"Slumber Party\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-109H\n\n|11\n\n \"Brunch That Does a Body Good\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-111H\n\n",
"### Season 2 (2011\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Tuscan Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-203H\n\n|2\n\n \"A Royal Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-207H\n\n|3\n\n \"Brunch on the Go\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-205H\n\n|4\n\n \"Brunch Americain\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-209H\n\n|5\n\n \"Deli\\-Icious Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-201H\n\n|6\n\n \"Southern Comfort Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-206H\n\n|7\n\n \"Brasserie Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-204H\n\n|8\n\n \"Brunch for a Bunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-210H\n\n|9\n\n \"Chocolate Lovers Delight\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-202H\n\n|10\n\n \"Caribbean Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-208H\n\n",
"### Season 3 (2013\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Tasty Trattoria Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-303H\n\n|2\n\n \"Brunch Bites Across Europe\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-305H\n\n|3\n\n \"Vermont Bed \\& Breakfast Style\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-306H\n\n|4\n\n \"Best of the Pacific Northwest\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-310H\n\n|5\n\n \"Southern Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-302H\n\n|6\n\n \"Bourbon Street\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-311H\n\n|7\n\n \"Sizzling South Beach Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-301H\n\n|8\n\n \"Bold Southwestern Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-312H\n\n|9\n\n \"Open House Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-313H\n\n|10\n\n \"Bay City Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-304H\n\n|11\n\n \"A Basket of Brunch Goodies\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-307H\n\n|12\n\n \"Flavors of New England\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-309H\n\n|13\n\n \"Beach\\-y Keen Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-308H\n\n|14\n\n \"A French Countryside Picnic\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-314H\n\n|15\n\n \"Brunch on Bourbon Street\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-311H\n\n",
"### Season 4 (2014\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"New Orleans Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-411H\n\n|2\n\n \"French\\-American Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-403H\n\n|3\n\n \"Southwest Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-407H\n\n|4\n\n \"Wine Country\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-408H\n\n|5\n\n \"Winter Weekend Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-412H\n\n|6\n\n \"Springtime Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-413H\n\n|7\n\n \"Trattoria Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-409H\n\n|8\n\n \"Bread\\-Y for Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-410H\n\n|9\n\n \"Mexican Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-401H\n\n|10\n\n \"Impress Your Guests\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-405H\n\n|11\n\n \"Farmer's Market Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-402H\n\n|12\n\n \"Chocolate Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-404H\n\n|13\n\n \"Marrakesh Express Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-406H\n\n",
"### Season 5 (2015\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Waffles Gone Wild\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-504H\n\n|2\n\n \"Wake Up Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-505H\n\n|3\n\n \"Say Cheese\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-508H\n\n|4\n\n \"Brunch on the Run\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-512H\n\n|5\n\n \"Chocoholic Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-511H\n\n|6\n\n \"Breakfast in Bed\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-503H\n\n|7\n\n \"New Diner Favorites\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-501H\n\n|8\n\n \"Big Apple Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-513H\n\n|9\n\n \"Irish Style Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-507H\n\n|10\n\n \"Brunch in Bloom\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-502H\n\n|11\n\n \"Bread Lovers' Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-506H\n\n|12\n\n \"Retro Revamp Brunch\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-509H\n\n|13\n\n \"Weekend Staycation\" |\n\nCCBAB\\-510H\n\n",
"### Season 6 (2015–2016\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Pancake House Favorites\" |\n\nAS0601H\n\n|2\n\n \"Thanksgiving Brunch\" |\n\nAS0602H\n\n|3\n\n \"Entertaining Middle Eastern Style\" |\n\nAS0603H\n\n|4\n\n \"Holiday Leftover Brunch\" |\n\nAS0604H\n\n|5\n\n \"Home for the Holidays Brunch\" |\n\nAS0605H\n\n|6\n\n \"Guilt\\-Free Brunch\" |\n\nAS0606H\n\n|7\n\n \"Breaking Bread for Brunch\" |\n\nAS0607H\n\n|8\n\n \"Money\\-Saving Showstoppers\" |\n\nAS0608H\n\n|9\n\n \"Buttermilk Brunch\" |\n\nAS0609H\n\n|10\n\n \"Big Game Brunch\" |\n\nAS0610H\n\n|11\n\n \"Cocoa\\-Licious Brunch\" |\n\nAS0612H\n\n|12\n\n \"The Savory Side of Brunch\" |\n\nAS0611H\n\n|13\n\n \"Comfort Food Fake\\-Outs\" |\n\nAS0613H\n\n|14\n\n \"Beachside Brunch\" |\n\nAS0614H\n\n|15\n\n \"Ladies Who Brunch\" |\n\nAS0615H\n\n|16\n\n \"Apples to Apples Brunch\" |\n\nAS0616H\n\n|17\n\n \"Buzz\\-Worthy Brunch\" |\n\nAS0617H\n\n",
"### Season 7 (2016–17\\)\n\n|No.\n\nTitle\n\nOriginal air date\n\nProduction \ncode\n\n| |\n|1\n\n \"Keeping It Breezy\" |\n\nAS0701H\n\n|2\n\n \"Barbecue in the Big Apple\" |\n\nAS0702H\n\n|3\n\n \"Between the Bread\" |\n\nAS0703H\n\n|4\n\n \"Get Your Fit On\" |\n\nAS0704H\n\n|5\n\n \"Bobby Loves Biscuits\" |\n\nAS0705H\n\n|6\n\n \"Time to Pull the Curtain on Crepes\" |\n\nAS0706H\n\n|7\n\n \"Sophie's Sunday Funday\" |\n\nAS0707H\n\n|8\n\n \"Updated Manhattan\" |\n\nAS0708H\n\n|9\n\n \"Wake Up Your Sweet Tooth\" |\n\nAS0709H\n\n|10\n\n \"Almost Home for Thanksgiving\" |\n\nAS0710H\n\n|11\n\n \"Preaking Out\" |\n\nAS0711H\n\n|12\n\n \"It's the Brunch After Christmas\" |\n\nAS0712H\n\n|13\n\n \"Inspired By Italy\" |\n\nAS0713H\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Lists of American non\\-fiction television series episodes](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_American_non-fiction_television_series_episodes \"Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes\")\n[Category:Lists of food television series episodes](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_food_television_series_episodes \"Lists of food television series episodes\")\n\n"
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Sidney Castle
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k0ink386gm3ddgyh81n3amv1gvqeguw
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2024-04-27T04:42:11Z
| 1,208,580,334 | 0 |
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"title": [
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"Early life",
"Cricket",
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"\n\n**Sidney Castle** (21 January 1864 – 5 December 1937\\) was an English businessman and amateur [cricketer](/wiki/Cricket \"Cricket\"). He played five [first\\-class](/wiki/First-class_cricket \"First-class cricket\") matches for [Kent County Cricket Club](/wiki/Kent_County_Cricket_Club \"Kent County Cricket Club\") between 1890 and 1893\\.[Sidney Castle](http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/11058.html), [CricInfo](/wiki/CricInfo \"CricInfo\"). Retrieved 9 March 2017\\. He worked professionally in the [ship breaking](/wiki/Ship_breaking \"Ship breaking\") business throughout his life and was an influential breeder of [fox terriers](/wiki/Fox_terrier \"Fox terrier\").\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nCastle was born at [Westminster](/wiki/Westminster \"Westminster\") in 1864, the son of Sidney Nash Castle and his wife Helen (*[née](/wiki/N%C3%A9e \"Née\")* Downey).Carlaw D (2020\\) *Kent County Cricketers A to Z. Part One: 1806–1914* (revised edition), pp. 105–106\\. ([Available online](https://archive.acscricket.com/books/Kent_Cricketers_A_to_Z_Part_One_Revised_Expanded.pdf) at the [Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians](/wiki/Association_of_Cricket_Statisticians_and_Historians \"Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians\"). Retrieved 7 August 2022\\.) The family lived at [Kingston\\-on\\-Thames](/wiki/Kingston-on-Thames \"Kingston-on-Thames\") and he was briefly educated at [Rugby School](/wiki/Rugby_School \"Rugby School\"), joining the school in January 1878 and leaving the following year.*Rugby School Register*, 1891, vol. III (1874 to 1887\\), p. 61\\. Rugby: AJ Lawrence. ([Available online](https://archive.org/details/rugbyschoolregi00schogoog/page/n93/mode/2up). Retrieved 2 September 2022\\.) He did not feature in the school cricket XI but developed a reputation as an excellent opening batsman in club cricket. He played mainly for the [Blackheath](/wiki/Blackheath%2C_London \"Blackheath, London\") and [Charlton Park](/wiki/Charlton_Park%2C_Greenwich \"Charlton Park, Greenwich\") Cricket Clubs in west Kent and for [Surbiton](/wiki/Surbiton \"Surbiton\") in Surrey, and is known to have scored more than 50 [centuries](/wiki/Century_%28cricket%29 \"Century (cricket)\"), including a score of 200 runs in 1892\\.[Castle, Mr Sidney](https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/233808.html), Supplementary obituaries in 1936 and 1937, *[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack](/wiki/Wisden_Cricketers%27_Almanack \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\")*, 1938\\. Retrieved 2 September 2022\\.Tait R, Tait L (2013\\) *History of Castles Shipbreaking*, chapter 7\\. ([Available online](https://castlesshipbreaking.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/CHAPTER-7-COMPLETE.pdf). Retrieved 3 September 2022\\.)\n\n",
"Cricket\n-------\n\nAs a \"technicality correct, stylish and free scoring batsman\" who played with \"good style\", Castle first played for Kent in June 1890, making his debut in a non\\-first\\-class match against [Warwickshire](/wiki/Warwickshire_County_Cricket_Club \"Warwickshire County Cricket Club\") at [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"). Despite scoring only 17 runs in the match, he made his first\\-class debut the following month in a [County Championship](/wiki/County_Championship \"County Championship\") match against [Sussex](/wiki/Sussex_County_Cricket_Club \"Sussex County Cricket Club\") at [Town Malling](/wiki/Old_County_Ground \"Old County Ground\"), scoring six runs as Kent won by an innings.[Sidney Castle](https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/28/28467/28467.html), CricketArchive. Retrieved 3 September 2022\\. The following May he appeared twice in the Championship and at the beginning of June played against Warwickshire again, and in June 1893 played two more matches for the Kent First XI, a Championship match against [Middlesex](/wiki/Middlesex_County_Cricket_Club \"Middlesex County Cricket Club\") and a match against [the touring Australians](/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1893 \"Australian cricket team in England in 1893\"), both matches at [Gravesend](/wiki/Bat_and_Ball_Ground \"Bat and Ball Ground\").\n\nDespite his reputation, Castle scored only 25 runs in his five first\\-class appearances, with a top score of just six. He played occasionally for the Kent Second XI, with little more success, but remained prolific in club cricket―in 1901 he scored four centuries in successive matches. He bowled slow right\\-arm spin deliveries in club cricket, but did not bowl in first\\-class matches.\n\n",
"Professional and family life\n----------------------------\n\nProfessionally, Castle joined Henry Castle and Sons, his father's firm of [ship breakers](/wiki/Ship_breakers \"Ship breakers\") and timber merchants which operated on the [River Thames](/wiki/River_Thames \"River Thames\") at Baltic Wharf in central London, [Woolwich](/wiki/Woolwich \"Woolwich\") and [Charlton](/wiki/Charlton%2C_London \"Charlton, London\").[Sidney Nash Castle](https://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib2_1210090760), Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851\\-1951, University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII, online database 2011\\. Retrieved 3 September 2022\\. The company's headquarters was at [Millbank](/wiki/Millbank \"Millbank\") and it is likely that Castle was born here.[Castle's Shipbreaking Yard, Millbank](https://www.layersoflondon.org/map/records/castle-s-shipbreaking-yard-millbank), Layers of London. Retrieved 3 September 2022\\. Henry Castle and Sons was liquidated in 1904, and a new company, Castles Shipbreaking Ltd, established in 1906\\. Although Castle may have worked for the company, he was not a shareholder or director and in 1911 left Kent to work as general manager at [Hughes Bolckow](/wiki/Hughes_Bolckow \"Hughes Bolckow\"), a ship breaking yard at [Blyth](/wiki/Blyth%2C_Northumberland \"Blyth, Northumberland\") on the [River Tyne](/wiki/River_Tyne \"River Tyne\").\n\nHe moved to [Plymouth](/wiki/Plymouth \"Plymouth\") and established his own ship breaking business towards the end of the [First World War](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\"), specialising in the breaking up metal hulled ships. In 1924 incorporated his business as The Plymouth and Devonport Shipbreaking Company.Tait \\& Tait, chapter 10\\. ([Available online](https://castlesshipbreaking.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/CHAPTER-10-COMPLETE.pdf). Retrieved 3 September 2022\\.) The company was placed in [receivership](/wiki/Receivership \"Receivership\") in 1930 and Castle worked for a ship breaking firm owned by William Ball, who had first worked alongside his father's firm, until his death. The firm took over the London\\-based business in 1933 and was renamed Castle's Shipbreaking Limited.\n\nCastle initially lived at [Blackheath](/wiki/Blackheath%2C_London \"Blackheath, London\"), and married Katherine Batho in 1888; the couple had three children. Their son, also named Sidney, was killed in the [First World War](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\") whilst serving as a lieutenant in the 6th battalion of the [Middlesex Regiment](/wiki/Middlesex_Regiment \"Middlesex Regiment\").[Sidney Batho Castle](https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/19707/sidney-batho-castle/), [Commonwealth War Graves Commission](/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission \"Commonwealth War Graves Commission\"). Retrieved 3 September 2022\\. After moving to Blyth, Castle developed a new relationship and a second son was born.\n\nA keen breeder of [fox terriers](/wiki/Fox_terrier \"Fox terrier\"), he was a member of the Fox Terrier Club, and served on its committee for over 30 years, and was a member [The Kennel Club](/wiki/The_Kennel_Club \"The Kennel Club\") in the early 20th century and regularly judged at dog shows. He wrote two books about the breed, *A Monograph of the Fox\\-terrier* (1910\\) and *Breeding Fox\\-terriers* (1927\\).\n\nCastle died in 1937 at [Plymstock](/wiki/Plymstock \"Plymstock\") in [Devon](/wiki/Devon \"Devon\") aged 73\\.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1864 births](/wiki/Category:1864_births \"1864 births\")\n[Category:1937 deaths](/wiki/Category:1937_deaths \"1937 deaths\")\n[Category:English cricketers](/wiki/Category:English_cricketers \"English cricketers\")\n[Category:Kent cricketers](/wiki/Category:Kent_cricketers \"Kent cricketers\")\n[Category:Cricketers from the City of Westminster](/wiki/Category:Cricketers_from_the_City_of_Westminster \"Cricketers from the City of Westminster\")\n[Category:People from Westminster](/wiki/Category:People_from_Westminster \"People from Westminster\")\n\n"
]
}
|
20th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
|
{
"id": [
16567817
],
"name": [
"GELongstreet"
]
}
|
nl4y0lmcortjrfn6pv8tne5qnec370z
|
2018-03-25T23:22:06Z
| 794,169,453 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Organization",
"Artillery Brigade Commanders",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **20th Infantry Division** (, *20\\-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya*) was an [infantry](/wiki/Infantry \"Infantry\") formation of the [Russian Imperial Army](/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Army \"Russian Imperial Army\").\n\n",
"Organization\n------------\n\n* 1st Brigade\n\t+ 77th Infantry Regiment\n\t+ 78th Infantry Regiment\n* 2nd Brigade\n\t+ 79th Infantry Regiment\n\t+ 80th Infantry Regiment\n* 20th Artillery Brigade\n",
"Artillery Brigade Commanders\n----------------------------\n\n* 1899\\-1904: [Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin](/wiki/Vladimir_Nikolayevich_Nikitin \"Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Infantry divisions of the Russian Empire](/wiki/Category:Infantry_divisions_of_the_Russian_Empire \"Infantry divisions of the Russian Empire\")\n[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1918](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_disestablished_in_1918 \"Military units and formations disestablished in 1918\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Regiment Sasolburg
|
{
"id": [
754619
],
"name": [
"BrownHairedGirl"
]
}
|
rs7e1eu0xwe6r86bqo5se0nu1kx8up4
|
2022-03-27T17:58:02Z
| 1,008,469,131 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Origin",
"Operations",
"With the SADF",
"From Commando to Regiment",
"The counter-insurgency battalion",
"Command",
"With the SANDF",
"Disbandment",
"Leadership",
"Unit Insignia",
"References",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
4,
5,
5,
5,
4,
5,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - * \n\n**Sasolburg Regiment** was a [light infantry](/wiki/Light_infantry \"Light infantry\") [regiment](/wiki/Regiment \"Regiment\") of the [South African Army](/wiki/South_African_Army \"South African Army\"). It formed part of the [South African Army Infantry Formation](/wiki/South_African_Infantry_Corps \"South African Infantry Corps\") as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Origin\n\nThis unit was originally part of the Heilbron Commando before forming the Sasolburg Commando in February 1962\\.\n\n### Operations\n\n#### With the SADF\n\nWhere the [SASOL Commando](/wiki/SASOL_Commando \"SASOL Commando\") was responsible for the SASOL and NATREF refineries, the Sasolburg Commando was responsible for all other factories and installations in the larger district.\n\nThe development of industries such as the African Explosives and Chemical Industries (AECI) and Karbochem increased the responsibility on the Sasolburg Commando as workers of these industries with Citizen Force Camp requirements were also transferred to the Sasolburg Commando.\n\n##### From Commando to Regiment\n\nThe Sasolburg Commando was reclassified as a regiment in June 1985, even though its expanded responsibilities had existed since 4 February 1985\\. This new Regiment exercised its Freedom of Entry into Sasolburg for the first time on 25 October 1986\\.\n\n##### The counter\\-insurgency battalion\n\nIn 1986 a decision was made that the Regiment would also be reclassed as a counter insurgency battalion and meant that it could be utilised in the black townships for riot control as well.[http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie\\_SM\\_Chapter6\\.pdf?sequence\\=7](http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie_SM_Chapter6.pdf?sequence=7) \n\n##### Command\n\nThe unit was initially under the command of Group 17 but was transferred to Group 42 in 1991, so that several units could be merged and be used in the greater Witwatersrand.\n\n[thumb\\|center\\|300px\\|SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands](/wiki/File:SADF_Regiment_Sasolburg_higher_commands.png \"SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands.png\")\n\n#### With the SANDF\n\n##### Disbandment\n\nThis unit, along with all other [Commando units](/wiki/South_African_Commando_System \"South African Commando System\") was disbanded after a decision by South African President [Thabo Mbeki](/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki \"Thabo Mbeki\") to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 \"because of the role it played in the apartheid era\", according to the [Minister of Safety and Security](/wiki/Minister_of_Police_%28South_Africa%29 \"Minister of Police (South Africa)\") [Charles Nqakula](/wiki/Charles_Nqakula \"Charles Nqakula\").\n\n",
"### Origin\n\nThis unit was originally part of the Heilbron Commando before forming the Sasolburg Commando in February 1962\\.\n\n",
"### Operations\n\n#### With the SADF\n\nWhere the [SASOL Commando](/wiki/SASOL_Commando \"SASOL Commando\") was responsible for the SASOL and NATREF refineries, the Sasolburg Commando was responsible for all other factories and installations in the larger district.\n\nThe development of industries such as the African Explosives and Chemical Industries (AECI) and Karbochem increased the responsibility on the Sasolburg Commando as workers of these industries with Citizen Force Camp requirements were also transferred to the Sasolburg Commando.\n\n##### From Commando to Regiment\n\nThe Sasolburg Commando was reclassified as a regiment in June 1985, even though its expanded responsibilities had existed since 4 February 1985\\. This new Regiment exercised its Freedom of Entry into Sasolburg for the first time on 25 October 1986\\.\n\n##### The counter\\-insurgency battalion\n\nIn 1986 a decision was made that the Regiment would also be reclassed as a counter insurgency battalion and meant that it could be utilised in the black townships for riot control as well.[http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie\\_SM\\_Chapter6\\.pdf?sequence\\=7](http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie_SM_Chapter6.pdf?sequence=7) \n\n##### Command\n\nThe unit was initially under the command of Group 17 but was transferred to Group 42 in 1991, so that several units could be merged and be used in the greater Witwatersrand.\n\n[thumb\\|center\\|300px\\|SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands](/wiki/File:SADF_Regiment_Sasolburg_higher_commands.png \"SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands.png\")\n\n#### With the SANDF\n\n##### Disbandment\n\nThis unit, along with all other [Commando units](/wiki/South_African_Commando_System \"South African Commando System\") was disbanded after a decision by South African President [Thabo Mbeki](/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki \"Thabo Mbeki\") to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 \"because of the role it played in the apartheid era\", according to the [Minister of Safety and Security](/wiki/Minister_of_Police_%28South_Africa%29 \"Minister of Police (South Africa)\") [Charles Nqakula](/wiki/Charles_Nqakula \"Charles Nqakula\").\n\n",
"#### With the SADF\n\nWhere the [SASOL Commando](/wiki/SASOL_Commando \"SASOL Commando\") was responsible for the SASOL and NATREF refineries, the Sasolburg Commando was responsible for all other factories and installations in the larger district.\n\nThe development of industries such as the African Explosives and Chemical Industries (AECI) and Karbochem increased the responsibility on the Sasolburg Commando as workers of these industries with Citizen Force Camp requirements were also transferred to the Sasolburg Commando.\n\n##### From Commando to Regiment\n\nThe Sasolburg Commando was reclassified as a regiment in June 1985, even though its expanded responsibilities had existed since 4 February 1985\\. This new Regiment exercised its Freedom of Entry into Sasolburg for the first time on 25 October 1986\\.\n\n##### The counter\\-insurgency battalion\n\nIn 1986 a decision was made that the Regiment would also be reclassed as a counter insurgency battalion and meant that it could be utilised in the black townships for riot control as well.[http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie\\_SM\\_Chapter6\\.pdf?sequence\\=7](http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie_SM_Chapter6.pdf?sequence=7) \n\n##### Command\n\nThe unit was initially under the command of Group 17 but was transferred to Group 42 in 1991, so that several units could be merged and be used in the greater Witwatersrand.\n\n[thumb\\|center\\|300px\\|SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands](/wiki/File:SADF_Regiment_Sasolburg_higher_commands.png \"SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands.png\")\n\n",
"##### From Commando to Regiment\n\nThe Sasolburg Commando was reclassified as a regiment in June 1985, even though its expanded responsibilities had existed since 4 February 1985\\. This new Regiment exercised its Freedom of Entry into Sasolburg for the first time on 25 October 1986\\.\n\n",
"##### The counter\\-insurgency battalion\n\nIn 1986 a decision was made that the Regiment would also be reclassed as a counter insurgency battalion and meant that it could be utilised in the black townships for riot control as well.[http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie\\_SM\\_Chapter6\\.pdf?sequence\\=7](http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/14075/Fourie_SM_Chapter6.pdf?sequence=7) \n\n",
"##### Command\n\nThe unit was initially under the command of Group 17 but was transferred to Group 42 in 1991, so that several units could be merged and be used in the greater Witwatersrand.\n\n[thumb\\|center\\|300px\\|SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands](/wiki/File:SADF_Regiment_Sasolburg_higher_commands.png \"SADF Regiment Sasolburg higher commands.png\")\n\n",
"#### With the SANDF\n\n##### Disbandment\n\nThis unit, along with all other [Commando units](/wiki/South_African_Commando_System \"South African Commando System\") was disbanded after a decision by South African President [Thabo Mbeki](/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki \"Thabo Mbeki\") to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 \"because of the role it played in the apartheid era\", according to the [Minister of Safety and Security](/wiki/Minister_of_Police_%28South_Africa%29 \"Minister of Police (South Africa)\") [Charles Nqakula](/wiki/Charles_Nqakula \"Charles Nqakula\").\n\n",
"##### Disbandment\n\nThis unit, along with all other [Commando units](/wiki/South_African_Commando_System \"South African Commando System\") was disbanded after a decision by South African President [Thabo Mbeki](/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki \"Thabo Mbeki\") to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 \"because of the role it played in the apartheid era\", according to the [Minister of Safety and Security](/wiki/Minister_of_Police_%28South_Africa%29 \"Minister of Police (South Africa)\") [Charles Nqakula](/wiki/Charles_Nqakula \"Charles Nqakula\").\n\n",
"Leadership\n----------\n\n \n\n* last OC Sasolburg Commando, first OC Regiment Sasolburg.\n",
"Unit Insignia\n-------------\n\n[thumb\\|center\\|600px\\|SADF Regiment Sasolburg insignia](/wiki/File:SADF_Regiment_Sasolburg_insignia.png \"SADF Regiment Sasolburg insignia.png\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [South African Commando System](/wiki/South_African_Commando_System \"South African Commando System\")\n\n[Category:Infantry regiments of South Africa](/wiki/Category:Infantry_regiments_of_South_Africa \"Infantry regiments of South Africa\")\n[Category:Sasolburg](/wiki/Category:Sasolburg \"Sasolburg\")\n[Category:South African Commando Units](/wiki/Category:South_African_Commando_Units \"South African Commando Units\")\n[Category:Military units and formations established in 1962](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1962 \"Military units and formations established in 1962\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Maxime Crochemore
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
8rc41l10rz3j0b0z7wjypwgn1nh8tj1
|
2024-07-29T09:47:37Z
| 1,173,229,779 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Research contributions",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Maxime Crochemore** (born 1947\\) is a French [computer scientist](/wiki/Computer_scientist \"Computer scientist\") known for his numerous contributions to [algorithms on strings](/wiki/String_algorithms \"String algorithms\"). He is currently a professor at [King's College London](/wiki/King%27s_College_London \"King's College London\").\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nCrochemore earned his doctorate (PhD) in 1978 and his Doctorat d'état (DSc) in 1983 from the [University of Rouen](/wiki/University_of_Rouen \"University of Rouen\"). He was a professor at [Paris 13 University](/wiki/Paris_13_University \"Paris 13 University\") in 1985–1989, and moved to a professorship at [Paris Diderot University](/wiki/Paris_Diderot_University \"Paris Diderot University\") in 1989\\. In 2002–2007, Crochemore was a senior research fellow at [King's College London](/wiki/King%27s_College_London \"King's College London\"), where he is a professor since 2007\\. Since 2007, he is also a professor emeritus at the [University of Marne\\-la\\-Vallée](/wiki/University_of_Marne-la-Vall%C3%A9e \"University of Marne-la-Vallée\").\n\nCrochemore holds an honorary doctorate (2014\\) from the [University of Helsinki](/wiki/University_of_Helsinki \"University of Helsinki\"). A festschrift in his honour was published in 2009 as a special issue of [Theoretical Computer Science](/wiki/Theoretical_Computer_Science_%28journal%29 \"Theoretical Computer Science (journal)\").\n\n",
"Research contributions\n----------------------\n\nCrochemore published over 100 journal papers on string algorithms. He in particular introduced new algorithms for pattern matching, string indexing and text compression. His work received a significant number of academic citations.\n\nCrochemore has co\\-authored three well\\-known scientific monographs on the design of algorithms for string processing: \"Text Algorithms\" (1994; jointly with [Wojciech Rytter](/wiki/Wojciech_Rytter \"Wojciech Rytter\")), \"[Jewels of Stringology](/wiki/Jewels_of_Stringology \"Jewels of Stringology\")\" (2002, jointly with [Wojciech Rytter](/wiki/Wojciech_Rytter \"Wojciech Rytter\")), and \"Algorithms on Strings\" (2007, jointly with Christophe Hancart and Thierry Lecroq).\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:French computer scientists](/wiki/Category:French_computer_scientists \"French computer scientists\")\n[Category:French expatriates in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:French_expatriates_in_the_United_Kingdom \"French expatriates in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:1947 births](/wiki/Category:1947_births \"1947 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Theoretical computer scientists](/wiki/Category:Theoretical_computer_scientists \"Theoretical computer scientists\")\n[Category:Academics of King's College London](/wiki/Category:Academics_of_King%27s_College_London \"Academics of King's College London\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Iditarod Area School District
|
{
"id": [
73920
],
"name": [
"Canterbury Tail"
]
}
|
5aiz0bkiy9gipsz2sch9y1lr0t65ie4
|
2024-09-25T18:24:39Z
| 1,243,390,241 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Schools",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Iditarod Area School District** (**IASD**) is a school district headquartered in [McGrath, Alaska](/wiki/McGrath%2C_Alaska \"McGrath, Alaska\"), United States.\"[Personnel Directory](http://www.iditarodsd.org/new-page-35/) .\" Iditarod Area School District. Retrieved on March 28, 2017\\.\n\n",
"Schools\n-------\n\nAll are [K\\-12 schools](/wiki/K-12_schools \"K-12 schools\"):\n* Blackwell School \\- [Anvik](/wiki/Anvik%2C_Alaska \"Anvik, Alaska\")\n* David Louis Memorial School \\- [Grayling](/wiki/Grayling%2C_Alaska \"Grayling, Alaska\")\n* [Holy Cross](/wiki/Holy_Cross%2C_Alaska \"Holy Cross, Alaska\") School\n* [McGrath](/wiki/McGrath%2C_Alaska \"McGrath, Alaska\") School\n* Top of the Kuskokwim School \\- [Nikolai](/wiki/Nikolai%2C_Alaska \"Nikolai, Alaska\")\n* Innoko River School \\- [Shageluk](/wiki/Shageluk%2C_Alaska \"Shageluk, Alaska\")\n* [Takotna](/wiki/Takotna%2C_Alaska \"Takotna, Alaska\") Community School\n\nIt also operates the IASD Distance Learning Center, headquartered in [Eagle River](/wiki/Eagle_River%2C_Alaska \"Eagle River, Alaska\").\"[IASD Distance Learning Center](http://www.iditarodsd.org/new-page-67/) .\" Iditarod Area School District. Retrieved on March 28, 2017\\. \"19111 Stephanie Blvd. Eagle River, AK 99577\"\n\nFormer schools:\n* Lime School \\- [Lime Village](/wiki/Lime_Village%2C_Alaska \"Lime Village, Alaska\")\"[Schools](https://web.archive.org/web/20011016004147/http://www.iditarodsd.org/Pages/Schools.html).\" Iditarod Area School District. October 16, 2001\\. Retrieved on March 28, 2017\\. \\- Closed in 2007 as the school only had six students.\n* Minchumina School \\- [Lake Minchumina](/wiki/Lake_Minchumina%2C_Alaska \"Lake Minchumina, Alaska\")\n* [Telida](/wiki/Telida%2C_Alaska \"Telida, Alaska\")\"[Map of the Alaska School Districts (2013\\)](https://education.alaska.gov/facilities/pdf/doe2013map.pdf).\" [Alaska Department of Education](/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Education \"Alaska Department of Education\"). Retrieved on March 12, 2017\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:School districts in Alaska](/wiki/Category:School_districts_in_Alaska \"School districts in Alaska\")\n[Category:Education in Unorganized Borough, Alaska](/wiki/Category:Education_in_Unorganized_Borough%2C_Alaska \"Education in Unorganized Borough, Alaska\")\n[Category:Bethel Census Area, Alaska](/wiki/Category:Bethel_Census_Area%2C_Alaska \"Bethel Census Area, Alaska\")\n[Category:Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska](/wiki/Category:Yukon%E2%80%93Koyukuk_Census_Area%2C_Alaska \"Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
1927 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
|
{
"id": [
206485
],
"name": [
"Jweiss11"
]
}
|
3kje1tufbv18pky60i8guev8j21o0c4
|
2024-07-02T20:01:33Z
| 1,170,736,328 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Schedule",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **1927 Cal Poly Mustangs football team** represented California Polytechnic School—now known as [California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo](/wiki/California_Polytechnic_State_University%2C_San_Luis_Obispo \"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\")—as a member of the [California Coast Conference](/wiki/California_Coast_Conference \"California Coast Conference\") (CCC) during the [1927 college football season](/wiki/1927_college_football_season \"1927 college football season\"). Led by seventh\\-year head coach [Al Agosti](/wiki/Al_Agosti \"Al Agosti\"), Cal Poly compiled an overall record of 2–4–1 with a mark of 1–3 in conference play. The team was outscored by its opponents 93 to 46 for the season. The Mustangs played home games in [San Luis Obispo, California](/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo%2C_California \"San Luis Obispo, California\").\n\nCal Poly was a two\\-year school until 1941\\.\n\n",
"Schedule\n--------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Cal Poly](/wiki/Category:1927_California_Coast_Conference_football_season \"1927 California Coast Conference football season\")\n[Category:Cal Poly Mustangs football seasons](/wiki/Category:Cal_Poly_Mustangs_football_seasons \"Cal Poly Mustangs football seasons\")\n[Cal Poly Mustangs football](/wiki/Category:1927_in_sports_in_California \"1927 in sports in California\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Toshiyuki Honda
|
{
"id": [
9021902
],
"name": [
"FrescoBot"
]
}
|
7a2hiqfm8x75qwc1f38bzepocmuz94q
|
2024-05-26T17:34:35Z
| 1,221,821,854 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Discography",
"Studio Albums",
"Soundtrack albums and film scores",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n is a Japanese [jazz](/wiki/Jazz \"Jazz\") musician and composer.\n\nHonda's father was a jazz critic, whose name was also Toshiyuki Honda. As a jazz musician, he learned flute and saxophone, and worked in the late 1970s with [George Otsuka](/wiki/George_Otsuka \"George Otsuka\") and the [Burning Waves](/wiki/Burning_Waves \"Burning Waves\") ensemble. In the 1980s he worked with [Chick Corea](/wiki/Chick_Corea \"Chick Corea\"), [Tatsuya Takahashi](/wiki/Tatsuya_Takahashi_%28saxophonist%29 \"Tatsuya Takahashi (saxophonist)\"), and [Kazumi Watanabe](/wiki/Kazumi_Watanabe \"Kazumi Watanabe\"), as well as leading his own ensemble, Super Quartet.\"Toshiyuki Honda\". *[The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz](/wiki/The_New_Grove \"The New Grove\")*. 2nd edition, ed. [Barry Kernfeld](/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld \"Barry Kernfeld\"). He was also a member of the ensemble [Native Son](/wiki/Native_Son_%28band%29 \"Native Son (band)\").\n\nStarting in the late 1980s, Honda turned increasingly toward composing for film and television, as well as working in record producing. He composed the soundtrack for the [Juzo Itami](/wiki/Juzo_Itami \"Juzo Itami\") film *[A Taxing Woman](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")* in 1987, which raised his prominence as a film scorer. He went on to compose the score for all but one of the rest of Itami's films.\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Studio Albums\n\n* *Burnin' Waves* (Electric Bird, 1978\\), re\\-released in 2023 by Holy Basil Records\n* *Opa! Com Deus* (Electric Bird, 1979\\)\n* *Easy Breathing* (Electric Bird, 1980\\)\n* *Boomerang* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& Burning Waves (Electric Bird, 1981\\)\n* *Spanish Tears* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& Burning Waves (Electric Bird, 1981\\)\n* *Toshiyuki Honda* (Electric Bird, 1982\\)\n* *Shangri\\-La* ([Eastworld](/wiki/Eastworld \"Eastworld\"), 1982\\)\n* *September* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& The New Burning Wave (Eastworld, 1983\\)\n* *Dream* with [Chick Corea](/wiki/Chick_Corea \"Chick Corea\"), [Miroslav Vitous](/wiki/Miroslav_Vitous \"Miroslav Vitous\"), [Roy Haynes](/wiki/Roy_Haynes \"Roy Haynes\") (Eastworld, 1983\\)\n* *Modern* (Eastworld, 1984\\)\n* *The Super Quartet* as Toshiyuki Honda featuring The Super Quartet (Eastworld, 1986\\)\n* *Day Dream* (Eastworld, 1986\\)\n* *Radio Club* (Eastworld, 1987\\)\n* *Something Coming On* as Toshiyuki Honda Radio Club (Who Ring, 1988\\)\n* *Symbiosis* (Who Ring, 1990\\), featuring music from *[A\\-Ge\\-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")*, *[A Taxing Woman](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")*, and *[A Taxing Woman's Return](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman%27s_Return \"A Taxing Woman's Return\")*\n* *Relax* (Who Ring, 1991\\)\n* *Reed My Lips* (Who Ring, 1992\\)\n* *Cool Jewel* (Who Ring, 1994\\)\n* *SAX・HOLIC* (Who Ring, 1996\\)\n* *High Five* as Trouvère Quartet and Toshiyuki Honda ([EMI Music Japan](/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan \"EMI Music Japan\"), 1997\\)\n\n### Soundtrack albums and film scores\n\n* *[A Taxing Woman](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")* (1987\\), released as *The Woman from Marusa*\n* *[A Taxing Woman's Return](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman%27s_Return \"A Taxing Woman's Return\")* (1988\\)\n* *[Gunhed](/wiki/Gunhed_%28film%29 \"Gunhed (film)\")* (1989\\)\n* *[A\\-Ge\\-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha](/wiki/A-Ge-Man:Tales_of_a_Golden_Geisha \"Tales of a Golden Geisha\")* (1990\\)\n* *[Minbo](/wiki/Minbo \"Minbo\")* (1992\\)\n* *[The Last Dance](/wiki/Daibyonin \"Daibyonin\")* (1993\\)\n* *[Supermarket Woman](/wiki/Supermarket_Woman \"Supermarket Woman\")* (1996\\)\n* *[Marutai no Onna](/wiki/Marutai_no_Onna \"Marutai no Onna\")* (1997\\)\n* *[Metropolis](/wiki/Metropolis_%282001_film%29 \"Metropolis (2001 film)\")* (2001\\)\n* *[Autumn in Warsaw](/wiki/Autumn_in_Warsaw \"Autumn in Warsaw\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Nasu: Summer in Andalusia](/wiki/Nasu:Summer_in_Andalusia \"Summer in Andalusia\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Rebellion: The Killing Isle](/wiki/Rebellion:The_Killing_Isle \"The Killing Isle\")* (2008\\)\n",
"### Studio Albums\n\n* *Burnin' Waves* (Electric Bird, 1978\\), re\\-released in 2023 by Holy Basil Records\n* *Opa! Com Deus* (Electric Bird, 1979\\)\n* *Easy Breathing* (Electric Bird, 1980\\)\n* *Boomerang* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& Burning Waves (Electric Bird, 1981\\)\n* *Spanish Tears* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& Burning Waves (Electric Bird, 1981\\)\n* *Toshiyuki Honda* (Electric Bird, 1982\\)\n* *Shangri\\-La* ([Eastworld](/wiki/Eastworld \"Eastworld\"), 1982\\)\n* *September* as Toshiyuki Honda \\& The New Burning Wave (Eastworld, 1983\\)\n* *Dream* with [Chick Corea](/wiki/Chick_Corea \"Chick Corea\"), [Miroslav Vitous](/wiki/Miroslav_Vitous \"Miroslav Vitous\"), [Roy Haynes](/wiki/Roy_Haynes \"Roy Haynes\") (Eastworld, 1983\\)\n* *Modern* (Eastworld, 1984\\)\n* *The Super Quartet* as Toshiyuki Honda featuring The Super Quartet (Eastworld, 1986\\)\n* *Day Dream* (Eastworld, 1986\\)\n* *Radio Club* (Eastworld, 1987\\)\n* *Something Coming On* as Toshiyuki Honda Radio Club (Who Ring, 1988\\)\n* *Symbiosis* (Who Ring, 1990\\), featuring music from *[A\\-Ge\\-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")*, *[A Taxing Woman](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")*, and *[A Taxing Woman's Return](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman%27s_Return \"A Taxing Woman's Return\")*\n* *Relax* (Who Ring, 1991\\)\n* *Reed My Lips* (Who Ring, 1992\\)\n* *Cool Jewel* (Who Ring, 1994\\)\n* *SAX・HOLIC* (Who Ring, 1996\\)\n* *High Five* as Trouvère Quartet and Toshiyuki Honda ([EMI Music Japan](/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan \"EMI Music Japan\"), 1997\\)\n",
"### Soundtrack albums and film scores\n\n* *[A Taxing Woman](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman \"A Taxing Woman\")* (1987\\), released as *The Woman from Marusa*\n* *[A Taxing Woman's Return](/wiki/A_Taxing_Woman%27s_Return \"A Taxing Woman's Return\")* (1988\\)\n* *[Gunhed](/wiki/Gunhed_%28film%29 \"Gunhed (film)\")* (1989\\)\n* *[A\\-Ge\\-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha](/wiki/A-Ge-Man:Tales_of_a_Golden_Geisha \"Tales of a Golden Geisha\")* (1990\\)\n* *[Minbo](/wiki/Minbo \"Minbo\")* (1992\\)\n* *[The Last Dance](/wiki/Daibyonin \"Daibyonin\")* (1993\\)\n* *[Supermarket Woman](/wiki/Supermarket_Woman \"Supermarket Woman\")* (1996\\)\n* *[Marutai no Onna](/wiki/Marutai_no_Onna \"Marutai no Onna\")* (1997\\)\n* *[Metropolis](/wiki/Metropolis_%282001_film%29 \"Metropolis (2001 film)\")* (2001\\)\n* *[Autumn in Warsaw](/wiki/Autumn_in_Warsaw \"Autumn in Warsaw\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Nasu: Summer in Andalusia](/wiki/Nasu:Summer_in_Andalusia \"Summer in Andalusia\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Rebellion: The Killing Isle](/wiki/Rebellion:The_Killing_Isle \"The Killing Isle\")* (2008\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1957 births](/wiki/Category:1957_births \"1957 births\")\n[Category:Composers from Tokyo](/wiki/Category:Composers_from_Tokyo \"Composers from Tokyo\")\n[Category:Japanese jazz bandleaders](/wiki/Category:Japanese_jazz_bandleaders \"Japanese jazz bandleaders\")\n[Category:Japanese jazz composers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_jazz_composers \"Japanese jazz composers\")\n[Category:Japanese jazz flautists](/wiki/Category:Japanese_jazz_flautists \"Japanese jazz flautists\")\n[Category:Japanese jazz saxophonists](/wiki/Category:Japanese_jazz_saxophonists \"Japanese jazz saxophonists\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Japanese film score composers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_film_score_composers \"Japanese film score composers\")\n[Category:Japanese male film score composers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_male_film_score_composers \"Japanese male film score composers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Gibson ES-295
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2A02:8428:815D:801:E90D:46BE:1DD9:72BC"
]
}
|
sf04btbusep4w5p5n9zo10el9az34gb
|
2024-08-26T15:58:03Z
| 1,221,015,476 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Specifications",
"Reception",
"Notable players",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Gibson ES\\-295** (1952–1959\\) is a hollow body guitar which was built by the [Gibson Guitar Company](/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Company \"Gibson Guitar Company\"). The ES\\-295 was introduced in May 1952 as a fancier version of the [ES\\-175](/wiki/Gibson_ES-175 \"Gibson ES-175\"). The 295 had the same measurements as the ES\\-175, but it came in gold finish and featured a combination trapeze bridge/tailpiece.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIn 1952 Les Paul has claimed responsibility for the creation of the ES\\-295\\. He is said to have called Gibson and told them to paint an ES\\-175 gold for a young man Paul met at a hospital. The first ES\\-295s came outfitted with one pickup. By 1953 the guitar was shipping with two pickups. It was designed to be a full\\-sized hollowbody archtop which would sell alongside the solidbody Les Paul model. The original price of the 295 was $295\\. The guitar was discontinued in 1959\\.\n\nIn 1990 Gibson reissued the ES\\-295 but it was again discontinued. In 1999 Gibson again produced the ES\\-295, this time in a Scotty Moore signature model. In 2013 Gibson also released a reissue '52 ES\\-295 but discontinued it again.\n\n",
"Specifications\n--------------\n\nES\\-295s came with the same wrap around trapeze tailpiece that was standard on the first [Les Paul Guitars](/wiki/Les_Paul_Guitar \"Les Paul Guitar\"). the whole guitar including the neck were finished in gold with ivory binding and pick\\-guard. The guitar had two single coil P\\-90s with cream colored pickup covers. The guitar had a 3 way switch with two tone knobs and two volume knobs. The metal parts were all finished in gold.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nThe 295 did not sell well. By 1957 Gibson changed the pickups from [P\\-90s](/wiki/P-90 \"P-90\") to [Humbuckers](/wiki/Humbucker \"Humbucker\"). Some thought the gold color was a reason for the diminished interest in the 295\\. Gibson shipped some ES\\-295s in sunburst, Argentine Grey and cherry. The guitar was played by Elvis Presley guitarist Scotty Moore.\n\n",
"Notable players\n---------------\n\n* [Joe Bonamassa](/wiki/Joe_Bonamassa \"Joe Bonamassa\")\n* [Danny Gatton](/wiki/Danny_Gatton \"Danny Gatton\")\n* [Scotty Moore](/wiki/Scotty_Moore \"Scotty Moore\")\n* [Geordie Walker](/wiki/Geordie_Walker \"Geordie Walker\")\n* [Bryan Adams](/wiki/Bryan_Adams \"Bryan Adams\")\n* [Diego García (Twanguero)](/wiki/Diego_Garc%C3%ADa_%28m%C3%BAsico%29 \"Diego García (músico)\")\n* Joel Paterson\n* Roddy Frame (Aztec Camera)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[ES\\-295](/wiki/Category:Gibson_electric_guitars \"Gibson electric guitars\")\n[Category:Semi\\-acoustic guitars](/wiki/Category:Semi-acoustic_guitars \"Semi-acoustic guitars\")\n[Category:1958 musical instruments](/wiki/Category:1952_musical_instruments \"1952 musical instruments\")\n[Category:1952 in music](/wiki/Category:1952_in_music \"1952 in music\")\n[Category:Discontinued products](/wiki/Category:Discontinued_products \"Discontinued products\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Samith Dushantha
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
c4uz313aa8k7hcd4im18emwmdg97sk5
|
2024-08-07T13:10:21Z
| 1,166,065,479 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Samith Dushantha** (born 30 November 1984\\) is a Sri Lankan [cricketer](/wiki/Cricket \"Cricket\"). He made his [first\\-class](/wiki/First-class_cricket \"First-class cricket\") debut for [Saracens Sports Club](/wiki/Saracens_Sports_Club \"Saracens Sports Club\") in the 2006–07 [Premier Trophy](/wiki/Premier_Trophy \"Premier Trophy\") on 10 November 2006\\.\n\nIn April 2018, he was named in Colombo's squad for the [2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament](/wiki/2018_Super_Provincial_One_Day_Tournament \"2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1984 births](/wiki/Category:1984_births \"1984 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sri Lankan cricketers](/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_cricketers \"Sri Lankan cricketers\")\n[Category:Saracens Sports Club cricketers](/wiki/Category:Saracens_Sports_Club_cricketers \"Saracens Sports Club cricketers\")\n[Category:Vauniya District cricketers](/wiki/Category:Vauniya_District_cricketers \"Vauniya District cricketers\")\n[Category:Cricketers from Western Province, Sri Lanka](/wiki/Category:Cricketers_from_Western_Province%2C_Sri_Lanka \"Cricketers from Western Province, Sri Lanka\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Walter Frere (MP)
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
dn8h4af23yxbbxstfa034bc18e0kv86
|
2023-07-03T08:32:03Z
| 1,160,379,567 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Walter Frere** ([fl.](/wiki/Floruit \"Floruit\") 1381 – 1388\\), of [Wycombe](/wiki/High_Wycombe \"High Wycombe\"), [Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Buckinghamshire \"Buckinghamshire\"), was an English politician.\n\nHe was a relative of late 14th, early 15th century MP [William Frere](/wiki/William_Frere_%28MP%29 \"William Frere (MP)\"), but the exact connection is unknown.\n\nHe was a [Member](/wiki/Member_of_Parliament \"Member of Parliament\") (MP) of the [Parliament of England](/wiki/Parliament_of_England \"Parliament of England\") for [Wycombe](/wiki/Wycombe_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Wycombe (UK Parliament constituency)\") in 1381, 1386 and February 1388\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Year of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing \"Year of birth missing\")\n[Category:Year of death missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing \"Year of death missing\")\n[Category:English MPs 1381](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1381 \"English MPs 1381\")\n[Category:Politicians from Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Buckinghamshire \"Politicians from Buckinghamshire\")\n[Walter](/wiki/Category:Frere_family \"Frere family\")\n[Category:English MPs 1386](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1386 \"English MPs 1386\")\n[Category:English MPs February 1388](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_February_1388 \"English MPs February 1388\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Luan Sérgio
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
mryktkoyso3ce273xvoxxlqrievbb28
|
2024-10-20T06:45:33Z
| 1,251,894,890 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Luan Sérgio Nascimento Dias de Almeida** (born 18 August 1994\\), known as **Luan Sérgio**, is a Brazilian professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who plays as a [defensive midfielder](/wiki/Defensive_midfielder \"Defensive midfielder\") or [left\\-back](/wiki/Left-back \"Left-back\") for [Maltese Premier League](/wiki/Maltese_Premier_League \"Maltese Premier League\") club [Naxxar Lions](/wiki/Naxxar_Lions_F.C. \"Naxxar Lions F.C.\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nHe made his professional debut in the [Campeonato Carioca](/wiki/Campeonato_Carioca \"Campeonato Carioca\") for [Bangu](/wiki/Bangu_Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube \"Bangu Atlético Clube\") on 14 February 2016 in a game against [Bonsucesso](/wiki/Bonsucesso_Futebol_Clube \"Bonsucesso Futebol Clube\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1994 births](/wiki/Category:1994_births \"1994 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Brazilian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_men%27s_footballers \"Brazilian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (city)](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Rio_de_Janeiro_%28city%29 \"Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (city)\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:Men's association football fullbacks](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_fullbacks \"Men's association football fullbacks\")\n[Category:Campeonato de Portugal (league) players](/wiki/Category:Campeonato_de_Portugal_%28league%29_players \"Campeonato de Portugal (league) players\")\n[Category:Liga 3 (Portugal) players](/wiki/Category:Liga_3_%28Portugal%29_players \"Liga 3 (Portugal) players\")\n[Category:Maltese Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Maltese_Premier_League_players \"Maltese Premier League players\")\n[Category:Bangu Atlético Clube players](/wiki/Category:Bangu_Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube_players \"Bangu Atlético Clube players\")\n[Category:A.D. Os Limianos players](/wiki/Category:A.D._Os_Limianos_players \"A.D. Os Limianos players\")\n[Category:C.D.C. Montalegre players](/wiki/Category:C.D.C._Montalegre_players \"C.D.C. Montalegre players\")\n[Category:CF Canelas 2010 players](/wiki/Category:CF_Canelas_2010_players \"CF Canelas 2010 players\")\n[Category:Naxxar Lions F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Naxxar_Lions_F.C._players \"Naxxar Lions F.C. players\")\n[Category:Brazilian expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Brazilian expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Portugal \"Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal\")\n[Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Portugal \"Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Brazilian sportsmen](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Brazilian_sportsmen \"21st-century Brazilian sportsmen\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1991)
|
{
"id": [
1005449
],
"name": [
"GiantSnowman"
]
}
|
ozgkyrhviawv8i5vo1nt9exq47rkxd3
|
2024-07-07T14:16:54Z
| 1,227,008,526 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"International career",
"Career statistics",
"Club",
"International",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ben Chapman** (born 3 May 1991\\) is a [British Virgin Islands](/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands \"British Virgin Islands\")' international football goalkeeper, who plays for English non\\-league side [Leek Town](/wiki/Leek_Town_F.C. \"Leek Town F.C.\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nHis club career has seen him play for [Nantwich Town](/wiki/Nantwich_Town_F.C. \"Nantwich Town F.C.\"),[Ben Chapman Signs For Leek Town](http://www.nantwichtownfc.co.uk/ben-chapman-signs-for-leek-town/) \\- Nantwich Town [Market Drayton Town](/wiki/Market_Drayton_Town_F.C. \"Market Drayton Town F.C.\"),[CHAPMAN JOINS GINGERBREADS](https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/leektown/news/chapman-joins-gingerbreads-1350554.html) \\- Pitchero [Kidsgrove Athletic](/wiki/Kidsgrove_Athletic_F.C. \"Kidsgrove Athletic F.C.\"),[Chapman turns down Glossop approach](http://www.kidsgroveathleticfc.com/news/chapman-turns-down-glossop-approach-1571562.html) \\- Kidsgrove Athletic [Glossop North End](/wiki/Glossop_North_End_F.C. \"Glossop North End F.C.\"), Eccleshall and [Airbus UK Broughton](/wiki/Airbus_UK_Broughton_F.C. \"Airbus UK Broughton F.C.\") in Wales.[Airbus UK Broughton: Club unveils new kit and brings in keeper Ben Chapman](https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/local-news/airbus-uk-broughton-club-unveils-2661596) \\- Daily Post He has had three spells playing for [Leek Town](/wiki/Leek_Town_F.C. \"Leek Town F.C.\"). During his last spell with the club he had three loan periods at other clubs. In 2018 he joined [Winsford United](/wiki/Winsford_United_F.C. \"Winsford United F.C.\"). In January 2019, [Hanley Town](/wiki/Hanley_Town_F.C. \"Hanley Town F.C.\") took him on a short\\-term loan. In September 2019 he joined [Congleton Town](/wiki/Congleton_Town_F.C. \"Congleton Town F.C.\") on loan.\n\nIn July 2020 he signed on a permanent deal with former loan club, Hanley Town. In March 2022 he rejoined [Leek Town](/wiki/Leek_Town_F.C. \"Leek Town F.C.\").\n\n",
"International career\n--------------------\n\nBorn in Stoke\\-on\\-Trent, Chapman qualified to play for the [British Virgin Islands](/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_national_football_team \"British Virgin Islands national football team\") due to him holding a British passport[Chapman eyeing World Cup glory with VI National Team](http://www.virginislandsnewsonline.com/en/news/chapman-eyeing-world-cup-glory-with-vi-national-team) \\- Virgin Islands News Online and he made his debut for them in the [Caribbean Cup](/wiki/Caribbean_Cup \"Caribbean Cup\") on 22 March 2016, against [Martinique](/wiki/Martinique \"Martinique\"). He then played for the islands in the [CONCACAF Nations League](/wiki/CONCACAF_Nations_League \"CONCACAF Nations League\").[Full international duty for NPL trio](http://www.evostikleague.co.uk/full-international-duty-for-npl-trio-53407) \\- EVO\\-STIK League\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n### Club\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nFA Cup\n\nLeague Cup\n\nOther\n\nTotal\n\n| |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n| [Hanley Town](/wiki/Hanley_Town_F.C. \"Hanley Town F.C.\") | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Midland_Football_League \"2021–22 Midland Football League\") | [Midland League](/wiki/Midland_Football_League \"Midland Football League\") Premier Division | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 |—— 11 | 0 |\n|Career total\n\n 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |\n\n### International\n\n| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|[British Virgin Islands](/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_national_football_team \"British Virgin Islands national football team\")\n\n 2016 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2018 | 3 | 0 |\n| 2019 | 5 | 0 |\n|Total 10 | 0 |\n\n",
"### Club\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nFA Cup\n\nLeague Cup\n\nOther\n\nTotal\n\n| |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n| [Hanley Town](/wiki/Hanley_Town_F.C. \"Hanley Town F.C.\") | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Midland_Football_League \"2021–22 Midland Football League\") | [Midland League](/wiki/Midland_Football_League \"Midland Football League\") Premier Division | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 |—— 11 | 0 |\n|Career total\n\n 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |\n\n",
"### International\n\n| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|[British Virgin Islands](/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands_national_football_team \"British Virgin Islands national football team\")\n\n 2016 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2018 | 3 | 0 |\n| 2019 | 5 | 0 |\n|Total 10 | 0 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1991 births](/wiki/Category:1991_births \"1991 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Footballers from Stoke\\-on\\-Trent](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Stoke-on-Trent \"Footballers from Stoke-on-Trent\")\n[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_goalkeepers \"Men's association football goalkeepers\")\n[Category:British Virgin Islands men's footballers](/wiki/Category:British_Virgin_Islands_men%27s_footballers \"British Virgin Islands men's footballers\")\n[Category:British Virgin Islands men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:British_Virgin_Islands_men%27s_international_footballers \"British Virgin Islands men's international footballers\")\n[Category:Nantwich Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Nantwich_Town_F.C._players \"Nantwich Town F.C. players\")\n[Category:Newcastle Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Newcastle_Town_F.C._players \"Newcastle Town F.C. players\")\n[Category:Leek Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Leek_Town_F.C._players \"Leek Town F.C. players\")\n[Category:Airbus UK Broughton F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Airbus_UK_Broughton_F.C._players \"Airbus UK Broughton F.C. players\")\n[Category:Market Drayton Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Market_Drayton_Town_F.C._players \"Market Drayton Town F.C. players\")\n[Category:Kidsgrove Athletic F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Kidsgrove_Athletic_F.C._players \"Kidsgrove Athletic F.C. players\")\n[Category:Glossop North End A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Glossop_North_End_A.F.C._players \"Glossop North End A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Winsford United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Winsford_United_F.C._players \"Winsford United F.C. players\")\n[Category:Hanley Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Hanley_Town_F.C._players \"Hanley Town F.C. players\")\n[Category:English men's footballers](/wiki/Category:English_men%27s_footballers \"English men's footballers\")\n[Category:Congleton Town F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Congleton_Town_F.C._players \"Congleton Town F.C. players\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Heliophanus heurtaultae
|
{
"id": [
40600116
],
"name": [
"ShortDescBot"
]
}
|
9bvv6d4ebwx7ark6utli6wefj4l5zdd
|
2021-02-15T19:19:24Z
| 989,866,891 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Heliophanus heurtaultae*** is a [jumping spider](/wiki/Jumping_spider \"Jumping spider\") species in the genus *[Heliophanus](/wiki/Heliophanus \"Heliophanus\")*. It was first identified in 2002 and lives in [Guinea](/wiki/Guinea \"Guinea\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Salticidae](/wiki/Category:Salticidae \"Salticidae\")\n[Category:Fauna of Guinea](/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Guinea \"Fauna of Guinea\")\n[Category:Spiders of Africa](/wiki/Category:Spiders_of_Africa \"Spiders of Africa\")\n[Category:Spiders described in 2002](/wiki/Category:Spiders_described_in_2002 \"Spiders described in 2002\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Wanda Wesołowska](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Wanda_Weso%C5%82owska \"Taxa named by Wanda Wesołowska\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
İkiz Islands
|
{
"id": [
20483999
],
"name": [
"Monkbot"
]
}
|
3w2f2o4ldhwurqww42g179ttsyvw1pz
|
2024-10-21T06:14:05Z
| 1,071,180,774 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**İkiz Islands** (, literally \"Twin Islands\") are two small [Aegean](/wiki/Aegean_Sea \"Aegean Sea\") islands of [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey \"Turkey\"). They are in Gulf of Güllük. Administratively they are a part of [Bodrum](/wiki/Bodrum \"Bodrum\") [ilçe](/wiki/Il%C3%A7e \"Ilçe\") (district) of [Muğla Province](/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province \"Muğla Province\"). According to map page, the island to the north east is situated at .[Map page](http://www.haritatr.com/harita/Ikizadalar/54652) The other island is only away. They are to the south west of [Salih Island](/wiki/Salih_Island \"Salih Island\"). The length of the northern island is and the southern island is . The nearest point of the main land ([Anatolia](/wiki/Anatolia \"Anatolia\")) is more than away.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Aegean islands](/wiki/Category:Aegean_islands \"Aegean islands\")\n[Category:Islands of Turkey](/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Turkey \"Islands of Turkey\")\n[Category:Islands of Muğla Province](/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Mu%C4%9Fla_Province \"Islands of Muğla Province\")\n[Category:Bodrum District](/wiki/Category:Bodrum_District \"Bodrum District\")\n\n"
]
}
|
22Kill
|
{
"id": [
1534529
],
"name": [
"Heroeswithmetaphors"
]
}
|
7f000x7iaz8y2gw6kqep3drxu5xye3h
|
2024-10-04T01:54:58Z
| 1,160,670,721 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"22Kill",
"History",
"Donors",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**22Kill** is a [suicide prevention](/wiki/Suicide_prevention \"Suicide prevention\") [non\\-profit organization](/wiki/Non-profit_organization \"Non-profit organization\") that predominantly focuses on preventing [United States military veterans and first responders from committing suicide](/wiki/United_States_military_veteran_suicide \"United States military veteran suicide\"). It is composed of multiple programs that were created through partnerships with other non\\-profit organizations such as Carry The Load. The organization uses the motto \"One Tribe, One Fight\", which reflects on the collective partnerships' goal to prevent veteran and first responder suicide and help veterans and first responders cope with issues that may lead to suicide. The organization's name was chosen to reflect on a 2012 statistic from the [Veterans Affairs](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs \"United States Department of Veterans Affairs\") office, which stated that 22 veterans commit suicide on a daily basis. 22Kill raises awareness and empowers service member and first responder families through multiple traditional and non\\-traditional programs (Stay The Course, Forge, Wind Therapy, and W.A.T.C.H.). Members of \"The Tribe\" wear a black honor ring on their index finger as a solemn reminder of the mission of combating suicide and empowering heroes, both past and present.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nBeginning as a [social media](/wiki/Social_media \"Social media\") campaign, 22Kill became a [501(c)3](/wiki/501%28c%293 \"501(c)3\") nonprofit organization in July 2015\\. In 2016, 22Kill's \\#22pushupchallenge [went viral](/wiki/Went_viral \"Went viral\") on social media and raised over half a million dollars. In 2017, the organization began offering mental wellness programs such as Stay The Course, Tribal Council, Forge, Wind Therapy, WATCH, and White Star Families.\n\n",
"Donors\n------\n\n22Kill is supported by the [United Way](/wiki/United_Way \"United Way\") of Tarrant County, the [Perot Foundation](/wiki/Perot_Foundation \"Perot Foundation\"), the Thomas M., Helen and John P. Ryan Foundation, [Bell Labs](/wiki/Bell_Labs \"Bell Labs\"), and the Texas Veterans Commission Fund.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:United States military support organizations](/wiki/Category:United_States_military_support_organizations \"United States military support organizations\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Oceania Zonal Volleyball Association
|
{
"id": [
41639836
],
"name": [
"Lancepark"
]
}
|
fckj2xsk6uew9f82hg1puz2a8grc9mc
|
2024-10-16T05:56:39Z
| 1,182,793,062 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Members associations",
"Ranking",
"Men's national teams",
"Senior team",
"Women's national teams",
"Senior team",
"Board of Administration",
"Competitions",
"Volleyball",
"Beach volleyball",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
4,
3,
4,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Oceania Zonal Volleyball Association (OZVA)**, also known as Oceania Volleyball, is the [governing body](/wiki/Sports_governing_body \"Sports governing body\") for the [sports](/wiki/Sport \"Sport\") of [indoor](/wiki/Volleyball \"Volleyball\"), [beach](/wiki/Beach_volleyball \"Beach volleyball\") and grass [volleyball](/wiki/Volleyball \"Volleyball\") in [Oceania](/wiki/Oceania \"Oceania\").\n\nIn the spirit of the FIVB 2001 Plan, AVC was the first to create five Zonal Associations at the 10th General Assembly in December 1993 prior to the FIVB Centennial Congress in September 1994\\.\n\n",
"Members associations\n--------------------\n\n| | Association | National teams | [IOC](/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee \"International Olympic Committee\")member | [OCA](/wiki/Olympic_Council_of_Asia \"Olympic Council of Asia\")member | [ONOC](/wiki/Oceania_National_Olympic_Committees \"Oceania National Olympic Committees\")member |\n\n| ASA | ([M](/wiki/American_Samoa_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"American Samoa men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/American_Samoa_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"American Samoa women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| AUS | [](/wiki/Australian_Volleyball_Federation \"Australian Volleyball Federation\") ([M](/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Australia men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Australia_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Australia women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| COK | ([M](/wiki/Cook_Islands_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Cook Islands men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Cook_Islands_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Cook Islands women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| FIJ | | ([M](/wiki/Fiji_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Fiji men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Fiji_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Fiji women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| FSM | ([M](/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Federated States of Micronesia men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Federated States of Micronesia women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| GUM | ([M](/wiki/Guam_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Guam men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Guam_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Guam women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| KIR | ([M](/wiki/Kiribati_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Kiribati men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Kiribati_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Kiribati women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| MHL | ([M](/wiki/Marshall_Islands_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Marshall Islands men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Marshall_Islands_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Marshall Islands women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| NCL | \n ([M](/wiki/French_Polynesia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/French_Polynesia_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| NMI | [](http://www.nmivolleyball.org) | ([M](/wiki/Northern_Mariana_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Northern Mariana men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Northern_Mariana_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Northern Mariana women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| NIU | ([M](/wiki/Niue_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Niue men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Niue_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Niue women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| NRU | ([M](/wiki/Nauru_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Nauru men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Nauru_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Nauru women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| NZL | ([M](/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"New Zealand men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/New_Zealand_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"New Zealand women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| PAU | | ([M](/wiki/Palau_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Palau men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Palau_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Palau women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| PLY | ([M](/wiki/French_Polynesia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/French_Polynesia_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| PNG | ([M](/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Papua New Guinea men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Papua New Guinea women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| SAM | | ([M](/wiki/Samoa_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Samoa men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Samoa_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Samoa women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| SLM | ([M](/wiki/Solomon_Islands_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Solomon Islands men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Solomon_Islands_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Solomon Islands women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| TGA | | ([M](/wiki/Tonga_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Tonga men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Tonga_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Tonga women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| TKL | \n (M, W) | | | |\n| TUV | ([M](/wiki/Tuvalu_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Tuvalu men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Tuvalu_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Tuvalu women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| VUT | ([M](/wiki/Vanuatu_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Vanuatu men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/Vanuatu_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Vanuatu women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n| WLG | \n ([M](/wiki/French_Polynesia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia men's national volleyball team\"), [W](/wiki/French_Polynesia_women%27s_national_volleyball_team \"French Polynesia women's national volleyball team\")) | | | |\n",
"Ranking\n-------\n\n### Men's national teams\n\n#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 3 | 15 |\n\n 65 |\n 3 |\n| 2 | 13 | 50 |\n\n 10 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n25\n\n137\n\n0\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_M_2016-08.asp)\n\n### Women's national teams\n\n#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 6 | 43 |\n\n 11 |\n |\n| 2 | 10 | 64 |\n\n 8 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n15\n\n115\n\n2\n\n 2\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_W_2016-08.asp)\n\n",
"### Men's national teams\n\n#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 3 | 15 |\n\n 65 |\n 3 |\n| 2 | 13 | 50 |\n\n 10 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n25\n\n137\n\n0\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_M_2016-08.asp)\n\n",
"#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 3 | 15 |\n\n 65 |\n 3 |\n| 2 | 13 | 50 |\n\n 10 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n25\n\n137\n\n0\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_M_2016-08.asp)\n\n",
"### Women's national teams\n\n#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 6 | 43 |\n\n 11 |\n |\n| 2 | 10 | 64 |\n\n 8 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n15\n\n115\n\n2\n\n 2\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_W_2016-08.asp)\n\n",
"#### Senior team\n\nRankings are calculated by [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\").\n\n| OZVA | [AVC](/wiki/Asian_Volleyball_Confederation \"Asian Volleyball Confederation\") | [FIVB](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball \"Fédération Internationale de Volleyball\") | Country | Points | Change |\n| 1 | 6 | 43 |\n\n 11 |\n |\n| 2 | 10 | 64 |\n\n 8 |\n 2 |\n|3\n\n15\n\n115\n\n2\n\n 2\n\n|\n\n|\n\n[Last updated 22 August 2016](http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/VB_Ranking_W_2016-08.asp)\n\n",
"Board of Administration\n-----------------------\n\n| Position | Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| President | Hugh Graham |\n| Secretary General / Treasurer | Terry Sasser |\n| Vice\\-President: Western Zone \\& Coaching Commissioner | Herman Ada |\n| Vice\\-President: Central Zone | Morris Maitaki |\n| Vice\\-President: Eastern Zone | Ben Sauvao |\n| Referee \\& Events Commissioner | Samuel Montalvo |\n| Beach Commissioner | Debbie Wooster |\n| Women\\-in\\-Sport Commissioner | Hila Asanuma |\n| High\\-Performance National Teams | Vacant |\n\n*(As of October 21, 2020\\)*\n\n",
"",
"### Volleyball\n\n| Competition | Winners | Runner\\-up | Third place | Current event | Tournament Location |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Men tournament | | | | | |\n| Oceania Indoor National Team Championships | *Postponed due to COVID\\-19 Pandemic* | | | 2020 | [Hilo](/wiki/Hilo%2C_Hawaii \"Hilo, Hawaii\"), [Hawaii](/wiki/Hawaii \"Hawaii\") |\n| | | | 2018 | L'Arène du Sud [Païta](/wiki/Pa%C3%AFta \"Païta\"), [New Caledonia](/wiki/New_Caledonia \"New Caledonia\") |\n| [Pacific Games](/wiki/Pacific_Games \"Pacific Games\") | | | | [2019](/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2019_Pacific_Games \"Volleyball at the 2019 Pacific Games\") | [National University of Samoa](/wiki/National_University_of_Samoa \"National University of Samoa\") [Apia](/wiki/Apia \"Apia\"), [Samoa](/wiki/Samoa \"Samoa\") |\n| (Not AVC member) | (Not AVC member) | | [2015](/wiki/Men%27s_Volleyball_at_the_2015_Pacific_Games \"Men's Volleyball at the 2015 Pacific Games\") | Papua New Guinea |\n|[Pacific Games](/wiki/Pacific_Games \"Pacific Games\") \n(AVC member only)\n\n Papua New Guinea |\n| Women tournament | | | | | |\n| Oceania Indoor National Team Championships | *Postponed due to COVID\\-19 Pandemic* | | | 2020 | [Hilo](/wiki/Hilo%2C_Hawaii \"Hilo, Hawaii\"), [Hawaii](/wiki/Hawaii \"Hawaii\") |\n| | | | 2018 | L'Arène du Sud [Païta](/wiki/Pa%C3%AFta \"Païta\"), [New Caledonia](/wiki/New_Caledonia \"New Caledonia\") |\n| [Pacific Games](/wiki/Pacific_Games \"Pacific Games\") | | | | [2019](/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2019_Pacific_Games \"Volleyball at the 2019 Pacific Games\") | [National University of Samoa](/wiki/National_University_of_Samoa \"National University of Samoa\") [Apia](/wiki/Apia \"Apia\"), [Samoa](/wiki/Samoa \"Samoa\") |\n| | | (Not AVC member) | [2015](/wiki/Women%27s_Volleyball_at_the_2015_Pacific_Games \"Women's Volleyball at the 2015 Pacific Games\") | Papua New Guinea |\n|[Pacific Games](/wiki/Pacific_Games \"Pacific Games\") \n(AVC member only)\n\n Papua New Guinea |\n\n",
"",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Central Asian Volleyball Association](/wiki/Central_Asian_Volleyball_Association \"Central Asian Volleyball Association\")\n* [East Asian Zonal Volleyball Association](/wiki/East_Asian_Zonal_Volleyball_Association \"East Asian Zonal Volleyball Association\")\n* [Southeast Asian Volleyball Association](/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Volleyball_Association \"Southeast Asian Volleyball Association\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Oceania Volleyball official website](http://www.oceaniavolleyball.org/) \n\n[Category:Sports organizations established in 1993](/wiki/Category:Sports_organizations_established_in_1993 \"Sports organizations established in 1993\")\n[Category:1993 establishments in Asia](/wiki/Category:1993_establishments_in_Asia \"1993 establishments in Asia\")\n[Category:Volleyball in Asia](/wiki/Category:Volleyball_in_Asia \"Volleyball in Asia\")\n[Category:1993 establishments in Oceania](/wiki/Category:1993_establishments_in_Oceania \"1993 establishments in Oceania\")\n[Category:Volleyball in Oceania](/wiki/Category:Volleyball_in_Oceania \"Volleyball in Oceania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Jordan Gallucci
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
tfw8s4istfn4p76wuc1wdwf7rovvsin
|
2024-04-20T06:43:42Z
| 1,192,136,944 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"AFL career",
"Player profile",
"Statistics",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jordan Gallucci** (born 4 May 1998\\) is a former professional [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football \"Australian rules football\"), last playing for the [Adelaide Football Club](/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club \"Adelaide Football Club\") in the [Australian Football League](/wiki/Australian_Football_League \"Australian Football League\") (AFL). He was drafted by Adelaide with their first selection and fifteenth overall in the [2016 national draft](/wiki/2016_AFL_draft%232016_national_draft \"2016 AFL draft#2016 national draft\"). He made his debut in the 80\\-point win against the at [the Gabba](/wiki/The_Gabba \"The Gabba\") in round nine of the 2017 season.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nGallucci grew up in the hills to the east of [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"). He attended [Yarra Valley Grammar School](/wiki/Yarra_Valley_Grammar_School \"Yarra Valley Grammar School\") where he also starred at volleyball as well as football. In 2016 he captained the [Eastern Ranges](/wiki/Eastern_Ranges \"Eastern Ranges\") in the [TAC Cup](/wiki/TAC_Cup \"TAC Cup\") where he impressed as a midfielder\\-forward, kicking five goals and getting 21 disposals against the [Western Jets](/wiki/Western_Jets \"Western Jets\") late in the season. He was also a co\\-captain of Vic Metro in the [2016 AFL Under 18 Championships](/wiki/2016_AFL_Under_18_Championships \"2016 AFL Under 18 Championships\"), where he ranked second out of all mid\\-forwards for metres gained.\n\nGallucci was part of the 2016 Draft Combine, where he broke the record in the standing vertical jump test, reaching 89 cm. This broke the previous record of 88 cm and was 13 cm above any others at the combine that year. He also won the repeat sprint test and was in the top ten of both the running vertical jump test and the beep test. In the leadup to the [2016 AFL draft](/wiki/2016_AFL_draft \"2016 AFL draft\"), Gallucci attracted interest from the [Adelaide Football Club](/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club \"Adelaide Football Club\").\n\n",
"AFL career\n----------\n\nGallucci was drafted by the [Adelaide Football Club](/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club \"Adelaide Football Club\") with their first pick in the [2016 AFL National Draft](/wiki/2016_AFL_draft%232016_national_draft \"2016 AFL draft#2016 national draft\"), the fifteenth selection overall. His good friend [Myles Poholke](/wiki/Myles_Poholke \"Myles Poholke\") was also drafted by the Crows with their second draft pick. When he joined the team, Gallucci was given the number 7 jumper, which had previously been worn by dual premiership player [Nigel Smart](/wiki/Nigel_Smart \"Nigel Smart\") and club captain [Nathan van Berlo](/wiki/Nathan_van_Berlo \"Nathan van Berlo\").\n\nGallucci got his first opportunity to play for Adelaide in the [2017 JLT Community Series](/wiki/2017_JLT_Community_Series \"2017 JLT Community Series\"). After being left out of the Crows’ side for the opening match, he played against , where he had nine possessions, including five in the last quarter, in a thrilling six\\-point win. Once the AFL season started he was playing for the Crows’ reserves team in the [SANFL](/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League \"South Australian National Football League\"). In the first match of the season against , he performed a full\\-body smother to help save the match, leading to a two\\-point victory for the Crows. In an SANFL game against he injured his shin and was unable to play in the second half, which caused him to miss the next game, but he was able to return for the SANFL Showdown against ’s reserves team. He returned from injury well and finished with 24 disposals and five clearances against the Magpies.\n\nGallucci made his AFL debut in an eighty\\-point win against the at [the Gabba](/wiki/The_Gabba \"The Gabba\") in round nine. He finished with 11 possessions and a goal for the match, which wasn’t enough to retain his position in the side as he was omitted from the team the next week. He was selected as a non\\-playing emergency against , then returned to the SANFL side.\n\nGallucci was among Adelaide’s best in the second SANFL Showdown of the season, with 24 possessions and seven tackles to his name in a 58\\-point loss, the side’s worst loss since joining the SANFL. As his form continued to improve, he started to be selected more regularly as an emergency for AFL matches, but his season came to a premature end when he was put on the long\\-term injury list after breaking his jaw in a SANFL match against and was ruled out for the rest of the season.\n\nGallucci was delisted by Adelaide at the end of 2020 and he moved to Williamstown in the VFL where he played 24 games and kicked 17 goals in 2021 and 2022\\. \n\n",
"Player profile\n--------------\n\nAs a junior, Gallucci was an outstanding athlete. He played as a midfielder capable of carrying the ball with pace, but also has the versatility to play across half\\-forward. He was a good mark with his powerful leap and had a strong work ethic. He showed leadership skills as well, being a co\\-captain of Vic Metro in the [2016 AFL Under 18 Championships](/wiki/2016_AFL_Under_18_Championships \"2016 AFL Under 18 Championships\") and also captaining the [Eastern Ranges](/wiki/Eastern_Ranges \"Eastern Ranges\") in the [TAC Cup](/wiki/TAC_Cup \"TAC Cup\"). He was described by four\\-time Hawthorn premiership player [Gary Buckenara](/wiki/Gary_Buckenara \"Gary Buckenara\") as a “polished player who has good pace and is very athletic”, and his Eastern Ranges coach, former Essendon premiership player [Darren Bewick](/wiki/Darren_Bewick \"Darren Bewick\"), compared him favourably to 2016 [Norm Smith medallist](/wiki/Norm_Smith_Medal \"Norm Smith Medal\") [Jason Johannisen](/wiki/Jason_Johannisen \"Jason Johannisen\").\n\n",
"Statistics\n----------\n\n *Statistics are correct to the end of the 2020 season*[Jordan Gallucci's player profile at AFL Tables](https://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/J/Jordan_Gallucci.html)\n\n\\|\\-\n\\|\\- style\\=\n! scope\\=\"row\" style\\=\"text\\-align:center\" \\| [2017](/wiki/2017_AFL_season \"2017 AFL season\")\n\\|style\\=\"text\\-align:center;\"\\|\n\\| 7 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 0 \\|\\| 7 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 11 \\|\\| 2 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 1\\.0 \\|\\| 0\\.0 \\|\\| 7\\.0 \\|\\| 4\\.0 \\|\\| 11\\.0 \\|\\| 2\\.0 \\|\\| 3\\.0\n\\|\\- style\\=\n! scope\\=\"row\" style\\=\"text\\-align:center\" \\| [2018](/wiki/2018_AFL_season \"2018 AFL season\")\n\\|style\\=\"text\\-align:center;\"\\|\n\\| 7 \\|\\| 16 \\|\\| 15 \\|\\| 11 \\|\\| 146 \\|\\| 40 \\|\\| 186 \\|\\| 42 \\|\\| 39 \\|\\| 0\\.9 \\|\\| 0\\.7 \\|\\| 9\\.1 \\|\\| 2\\.5 \\|\\| 11\\.6 \\|\\| 2\\.6 \\|\\| 2\\.4\n\\|\\- style\\=\n! scope\\=\"row\" style\\=\"text\\-align:center\" \\| [2019](/wiki/2019_AFL_season \"2019 AFL season\")\n\\|style\\=\"text\\-align:center;\"\\|\n\\| 7 \\|\\| 10 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 2 \\|\\| 90 \\|\\| 32 \\|\\| 122 \\|\\| 36 \\|\\| 15 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 9\\.0 \\|\\| 3\\.2 \\|\\| 12\\.2 \\|\\| 3\\.6 \\|\\| 1\\.5\n\\|\\- style\\=\n! scope\\=\"row\" style\\=\"text\\-align:center\" \\| [2020](/wiki/2020_AFL_season \"2020 AFL season\")\n\\|style\\=\"text\\-align:center;\"\\|\n\\| 7 \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\|\\-\\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\- \\|\\| \\-\n\\|\\- class\\=\"sortbottom\"\n! colspan\\=3\\| Career\n! 27\n! 19\n! 13\n! 243\n! 76\n! 319\n! 80\n! 57\n! 0\\.7\n! 0\\.5\n! 9\\.0\n! 2\\.8\n! 11\\.8\n! 2\\.9\n! 2\\.1\n\\|}\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1998 births](/wiki/Category:1998_births \"1998 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Adelaide Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Adelaide_Football_Club_players \"Adelaide Football Club players\")\n[Category:Eastern Ranges players](/wiki/Category:Eastern_Ranges_players \"Eastern Ranges players\")\n[Category:Williamstown Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Williamstown_Football_Club_players \"Williamstown Football Club players\")\n[Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)](/wiki/Category:Australian_rules_footballers_from_Victoria_%28state%29 \"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)\")\n[Category:Australian people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:Australian_people_of_Italian_descent \"Australian people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:Sportspeople of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_of_Italian_descent \"Sportspeople of Italian descent\")\n[Category:South Fremantle Football Club players](/wiki/Category:South_Fremantle_Football_Club_players \"South Fremantle Football Club players\")\n[Category:People educated at Yarra Valley Grammar](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Yarra_Valley_Grammar \"People educated at Yarra Valley Grammar\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Weeb (disambiguation)
|
{
"id": [
18515189
],
"name": [
"Davidgoodheart"
]
}
|
jk53wmw7ep81q80itynsz1om3ie7xca
|
2024-03-12T21:45:07Z
| 1,203,438,308 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Weeb**, or *weeaboo*, is derogatory slang for a [Japanophile](/wiki/Japanophilia \"Japanophilia\").\n\n**Weeb** or **WEEB** may also refer to:\n\n* [Weeb Ewbank](/wiki/Weeb_Ewbank \"Weeb Ewbank\") (1907–1998\\), American football coach\n* [WEEB](/wiki/WEEB \"WEEB\"), a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina\n* [WEEB](/wiki/Washer_Electrical_Equipment_Bond \"Washer Electrical Equipment Bond\"), the Washer Electrical Equipment Bond, a bimetallic interface, intended to electrically bond a metal substrate with copper while minimizing galvanic corrosion.\n\n"
]
}
|
Jacob Davies
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2A00:23C6:5D0F:8701:94FD:F360:C8BA:B79"
]
}
|
qbo77x6puiazxbf2ujevcwywf77wrde
|
2024-04-17T21:24:09Z
| 1,136,204,457 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jacob Davies** (1816–1849\\) was a [Welsh Baptist](/wiki/Welsh_Baptist \"Welsh Baptist\") missionary from the [Newtown](/wiki/Newtown%2C_Powys \"Newtown, Powys\") area of [Montgomeryshire](/wiki/Montgomeryshire \"Montgomeryshire\"). He became a Baptist in 1835\\. In 1837, he began preaching, and, in 1840, moved to study at Horton College in [Bradford](/wiki/Bradford \"Bradford\"). He married Eliza Green of Peckham.\n\nIn 1844, he was appointed to a missionary position in [Ceylon](/wiki/Sri_Lanka \"Sri Lanka\"); but within a few years his health began to fail.\n\nIn February 1849, he supported the Kandyans against the Governor of Ceylon, [Lord Torrington](/wiki/Viscount_Torrington \"Viscount Torrington\"), following the [Matale rebellion](/wiki/Matale_rebellion \"Matale rebellion\"). After 5 years in Ceylon, he died in [Colombo](/wiki/Colombo \"Colombo\"), on 2 November 1849, of cholera at the home of Dr Elliott. and was buried at [Wolvendaal Church](/wiki/Wolvendaal_Church \"Wolvendaal Church\").\n\nHis only son, Sir [James Ackworth Davies](/wiki/James_Ackworth_Davies \"James Ackworth Davies\") (1845\\-1906\\), was a judge in the Madras Civil Service including serving for many years as a Judge of the [High Court, Madras](/wiki/Madras_High_Court \"Madras High Court\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1816 births](/wiki/Category:1816_births \"1816 births\")\n[Category:1849 deaths](/wiki/Category:1849_deaths \"1849 deaths\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Welsh Baptist ministers](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Welsh_Baptist_ministers \"19th-century Welsh Baptist ministers\")\n[Category:Welsh Baptist missionaries](/wiki/Category:Welsh_Baptist_missionaries \"Welsh Baptist missionaries\")\n[Category:Baptist missionaries in Sri Lanka](/wiki/Category:Baptist_missionaries_in_Sri_Lanka \"Baptist missionaries in Sri Lanka\")\n[Category:Deaths from cholera](/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_cholera \"Deaths from cholera\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
2017 EFL Championship play-off final
|
{
"id": [
42261547
],
"name": [
"ToonSmart"
]
}
|
19wupz0jopjyzubhss1ex5c39vlszki
|
2024-05-26T21:23:17Z
| 1,215,053,913 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Route to the final",
"Match",
"Background",
"First half",
"Second half",
"Extra time and penalties",
"Details",
"Statistics",
"Post-match",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2017 EFL Championship play\\-off final** was an [association football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") match that was played on 29 May 2017 at [Wembley Stadium](/wiki/Wembley_Stadium \"Wembley Stadium\"), London, between [Huddersfield Town](/wiki/Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C. \"Huddersfield Town A.F.C.\") and [Reading](/wiki/Reading_F.C. \"Reading F.C.\"). The match determined the third and final team to gain [promotion](/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation \"Promotion and relegation\") from the [EFL Championship](/wiki/EFL_Championship \"EFL Championship\"), the second tier of [English football](/wiki/English_football_league_system \"English football league system\"), to the [Premier League](/wiki/Premier_League \"Premier League\"). The top two teams of the [2016–17 EFL Championship](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_EFL_Championship \"2016–17 EFL Championship\") season gained automatic promotion to the Premier League, while the teams placed from third to sixth place in the table partook in play\\-off semi\\-finals; Reading finished in third place while Huddersfield ended the season in fifth position. The winners of these ties competed for the final place for the [2017–18 season](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Premier_League \"2017–18 Premier League\") in the Premier League. [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") and [Fulham](/wiki/Fulham_F.C. \"Fulham F.C.\") were the losing semi\\-finalists. Winning the play\\-off final was estimated to be worth £170million through sponsorship and television deals to the successful team.\n\nThe game, which was refereed by [Neil Swarbrick](/wiki/Neil_Swarbrick \"Neil Swarbrick\"), was played in front of a crowd of 76,682\\. It ended goalless in regular time and the deadlock was not broken by the end of extra time. A [penalty shootout](/wiki/Penalty_shootout \"Penalty shootout\") was required to determine the winner for the third time in the history of the second tier play\\-off final. Although [Michael Hefele](/wiki/Michael_Hefele \"Michael Hefele\") was the first to miss, Reading's [Liam Moore](/wiki/Liam_Moore \"Liam Moore\")'s shot was wayward and [Jordan Obita](/wiki/Jordan_Obita \"Jordan Obita\")'s attempt was saved by [Danny Ward](/wiki/Danny_Ward_%28Welsh_footballer%29 \"Danny Ward (Welsh footballer)\"), leaving [Christopher Schindler](/wiki/Christopher_Schindler \"Christopher Schindler\") to score the winning penalty for the Terriers. Huddersfield won the final 4–3 on penalties, and their midfielder [Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") was selected as the [man of the match](/wiki/Player_of_the_match \"Player of the match\").\n\nThe following season, Huddersfield's first back in the top tier of English football since 1972, saw them finish 16th in the [Premier League](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Premier_League \"2017–18 Premier League\"). Reading ended the [2017–18 EFL Championship](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_EFL_Championship \"2017–18 EFL Championship\") season in 20th position, three points above the relegation zone.\n\n",
"Route to the final\n------------------\n\n[Reading F.C.](/wiki/Reading_F.C. \"Reading F.C.\") finished the regular [2016–17 season](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_EFL_Championship \"2016–17 EFL Championship\") in third place in the [EFL Championship](/wiki/EFL_Championship \"EFL Championship\"), the second tier of the [English football league system](/wiki/English_football_league_system \"English football league system\"), two places ahead of [Huddersfield Town](/wiki/Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C. \"Huddersfield Town A.F.C.\"). Both therefore missed out on the two automatic places for [promotion](/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation \"Promotion and relegation\") to the [Premier League](/wiki/Premier_League \"Premier League\") and instead took part in the [play\\-offs](/wiki/Football_League_play-offs \"Football League play-offs\") to determine the third promoted team. Reading finished four points behind [Brighton \\& Hove Albion](/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C. \"Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.\") (who were promoted in second place) and nine behind league winners [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\"). Huddersfield ended the season four points behind Reading, and were the only club in the top eleven to have a negative [goal difference](/wiki/Goal_difference \"Goal difference\").\n\nReading faced [Fulham](/wiki/Fulham_F.C. \"Fulham F.C.\") in their play\\-off semi\\-final and the first leg was played away at [Craven Cottage](/wiki/Craven_Cottage \"Craven Cottage\"). The match ended 1–1, with goals from [Jordan Obita](/wiki/Jordan_Obita \"Jordan Obita\") for Reading and Fulham's [Tom Cairney](/wiki/Tom_Cairney \"Tom Cairney\"). With ten minutes of the game remaining, Reading's defender [Paul McShane](/wiki/Paul_McShane_%28footballer%29 \"Paul McShane (footballer)\") was shown a straight red for a foul on [Kevin McDonald](/wiki/Kevin_McDonald_%28footballer%2C_born_1988%29 \"Kevin McDonald (footballer, born 1988)\"). In the second leg, Reading won 1–0 at their home ground, the [Madejski Stadium](/wiki/Madejski_Stadium \"Madejski Stadium\"), with a penalty scored by [Yann Kermorgant](/wiki/Yann_Kermorgant \"Yann Kermorgant\") after Fulham's [Tomáš Kalas](/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Kalas \"Tomáš Kalas\") had handled the ball. This gave them a 2–1 aggregate victory and qualification for the play\\-off final. [Ali Al\\-Habsi](/wiki/Ali_Al-Habsi \"Ali Al-Habsi\"), the Reading goalkeeper, made a number of saves to keep a [clean sheet](/wiki/Clean_sheet \"Clean sheet\") and was praised by his manager [Jaap Stam](/wiki/Jaap_Stam \"Jaap Stam\"): \"It was a terrific performance. That's why he's paid to be in goal and be our last line of defence\".\n\nHuddersfield Town went into their first leg match against [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") having failed to beat them in their last seven encounters. The game ended in a draw at Huddersfield's home ground, the [Kirklees Stadium](/wiki/Kirklees_Stadium \"Kirklees Stadium\"), despite Huddersfield's domination in possession and shots. The second leg finished 1–1 after extra time, as Wednesday scored first through [Steven Fletcher](/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_%28footballer%29 \"Steven Fletcher (footballer)\") only for [Tom Lees](/wiki/Tom_Lees \"Tom Lees\") to score an [own goal](/wiki/Own_goal \"Own goal\") to equalise for Huddersfield Town. The resulting [penalty shoot\\-out](/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_%28association_football%29 \"Penalty shoot-out (association football)\") finished 4–3 in Huddersfield's favour with their goalkeeper, [Danny Ward](/wiki/Danny_Ward_%28Welsh_footballer%29 \"Danny Ward (Welsh footballer)\") saving two Wednesday penalties, from [Sam Hutchinson](/wiki/Sam_Hutchinson \"Sam Hutchinson\") and [Fernando Forestieri](/wiki/Fernando_Forestieri \"Fernando Forestieri\"). Prior to the game, Hudderfield's German manager [David Wagner](/wiki/David_Wagner_%28soccer%29 \"David Wagner (soccer)\") had joked: \"everyone knows Germans are able to win penalties\".\n\n|**Reading**\n\n **Round**\n\n**Huddersfield Town**\n\n| |\n| Opponent | Result | Legs |Semi\\-finals\n\n Opponent |\n Result |\n Legs |\n| [Fulham](/wiki/Fulham_F.C. \"Fulham F.C.\") | 2–1 | 1–1 away; 1–0 home | | [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") | 1–1 (4–3 [p.](/wiki/Penalty_kick_%28association_football%29 \"Penalty kick (association football)\")) | 0–0 home; 1–1 away |\n\n",
"Match\n-----\n\n### Background\n\n[right\\|thumb\\|upright\\|alt\\=Neil Swarbrick\\|Neil Swarbrick *(pictured in 2013\\)* was the referee for the match.](/wiki/File:Neil_Swarbrick_2013.jpg \"Neil Swarbrick 2013.jpg\")\nReading's last appearance in the play\\-off final had been in [2011](/wiki/2011_Football_League_Championship_play-off_final \"2011 Football League Championship play-off final\") when they lost 4–2 to [Swansea City](/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C. \"Swansea City A.F.C.\"). Reading had never won a play\\-off competition, having previously lost to [Bolton Wanderers](/wiki/Bolton_Wanderers_F.C. \"Bolton Wanderers F.C.\") in the [1995 First Division play\\-off final](/wiki/1995_Football_League_First_Division_play-off_final \"1995 Football League First Division play-off final\") and to [Walsall](/wiki/Walsall_F.C. \"Walsall F.C.\") in the [2001 Second Division play\\-off final](/wiki/2001_Football_League_Second_Division_play-off_final \"2001 Football League Second Division play-off final\"). Reading had also lost in the second\\-tier play\\-off semi\\-finals in [2003](/wiki/2003_Football_League_play-offs%23First_Division \"2003 Football League play-offs#First Division\") and [2009](/wiki/2009_Football_League_play-offs%23Championship \"2009 Football League play-offs#Championship\"). Huddersfield had an extensive history in the play\\-offs, including four appearances in the finals: promotions from the second tier in [1995](/wiki/1995_Football_League_Second_Division_play-off_final \"1995 Football League Second Division play-off final\") and from the third tier in [2004](/wiki/2004_Football_League_Third_Division_play-off_final \"2004 Football League Third Division play-off final\") and [2012](/wiki/2012_Football_League_One_play-off_final \"2012 Football League One play-off final\"), having lost [the previous season](/wiki/2011_Football_League_One_play-off_final \"2011 Football League One play-off final\"). Prior to the 2017 final, Huddersfield had played twenty\\-two matches in league play\\-offs, winning eight, drawing eight and losing six. During the regular season, both teams had won their home fixtures against one another, with a 1–0 win for Reading in September and a win by the same scoreline in February for Huddersfield. The German\\-born [Elias Kachunga](/wiki/Elias_Kachunga \"Elias Kachunga\") was Huddersfield's top scorer for the season with 12 goals, while Reading's Kermorgant was his team's most prolific striker having scored 18 times prior to the semi\\-finals. Reading had last been in the top flight of English football in 2013 while Huddersfield had last experienced football at the highest domestic tier in the [1971–72 season](/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_in_English_football \"1971–72 in English football\").\n\nReading were without captain Paul McShane who was shown a [straight red card](/wiki/Penalty_card%23Red_card \"Penalty card#Red card\") in their play\\-off semi\\-final first leg game at Fulham. Other than Jordan Obita being named among the substitutes, Reading named the same team as for their previous match. Huddersfield's starting line up was unchanged from their semi\\-final second leg, including Elias Kachunga who had recovered from a hamstring injury suffered in the second leg of the semi\\-final.\n\nThe final was refereed by [Neil Swarbrick](/wiki/Neil_Swarbrick \"Neil Swarbrick\") from the [Lancashire County Football Association](/wiki/Lancashire_County_Football_Association \"Lancashire County Football Association\"), with assistant referees Jake Collin and Darren Cann, while [Stuart Attwell](/wiki/Stuart_Attwell \"Stuart Attwell\") acted as the fourth official. It was widely reported that the game was worth at around £170million over three years to the winners through sponsorship and television deals. Reading were allocated 38,342 tickets for the final in the eastern half of Wembley Stadium, with Huddersfield being allocated the western half of the ground. Ticket prices ranged from £36 to £98 for adults, with concessions being half price. Huddersfield were considered favourites by the media and bookmakers to win the match, which was broadcast in the UK on [Sky Sports](/wiki/Sky_Sports \"Sky Sports\"). Before the match commenced, a minute's silence was held to commemorate the victims of the [Manchester Arena bombing](/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing \"Manchester Arena bombing\").\n\n### First half\n\nKermorgant kicked off for Reading at 3:04p.m. in front of a crowd of 76,682\\. In the 4th minute, Huddersfield won a [free kick](/wiki/Free_kick_%28association_football%29 \"Free kick (association football)\") which was taken by [Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") but the resulting cross was headed wide by [Michael Hefele](/wiki/Michael_Hefele \"Michael Hefele\"). The Yorkshire club dominated the early stages and in the 11th minute a cross to the far post from Kachunga was struck wide of the post by [Izzy Brown](/wiki/Izzy_Brown \"Izzy Brown\") from three yards. Two minutes later, [Lewis Grabban](/wiki/Lewis_Grabban \"Lewis Grabban\")'s shot passed wide of Huddersfield's post. Kachunga was then brought down by [Joey van den Berg](/wiki/Joey_van_den_Berg \"Joey van den Berg\") who received the first [yellow card](/wiki/Penalty_card%23Yellow_card \"Penalty card#Yellow card\") of the game from the referee Neil Swarbrick. Two minutes later Kermorgant was also booked, for a foul on the Huddersfield captain [Tommy Smith](/wiki/Tommy_Smith_%28footballer%2C_born_1992%29 \"Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1992)\"). Midway through the first half, Kermogant found [Chris Gunter](/wiki/Chris_Gunter \"Chris Gunter\"), who needed treatment after he was tackled strongly by [Chris Löwe](/wiki/Chris_L%C3%B6we \"Chris Löwe\"). In the 28th minute, [Jonathan Hogg](/wiki/Jonathan_Hogg \"Jonathan Hogg\") fouled [Danny Williams](/wiki/Danny_Williams_%28soccer%2C_born_1989%29 \"Danny Williams (soccer, born 1989)\") and received the third yellow card of the game. Five minutes later Mooy brought down Kermorgant and was awarded a free kick, which [John Swift](/wiki/John_Swift_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"John Swift (footballer, born 1995)\") struck wide of the Huddersfield goal from 35 yards. The half ended goalless with Reading dominant in possession but Huddersfield having the better chances to score.\n\n### Second half\n\nEarly in the second half, a shot from Löwe from distance was caught by Reading's Al\\-Habsi. Two minutes later, Swift was put through on goal by [George Evans](/wiki/George_Evans_%28footballer%2C_born_1994%29 \"George Evans (footballer, born 1994)\") but his shot was saved by the Huddersfield goalkeeper Ward. In the 54th minute, a deep Van den Berg [corner](/wiki/Corner_kick \"Corner kick\") was hooked over the bar by Kermogant. Reading had the majority of the second half possession and won a free\\-kick wide on the left after Kachunga fouled [Tyler Blackett](/wiki/Tyler_Blackett \"Tyler Blackett\"). The cross into the box was punched clear by Ward. In the 60th minute Kachunga was booked for [dissent](/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms%23D \"Glossary of association football terms#D\"). A minute later Hefele was brought down in the area by Van den Berg but Huddersfield's appeals for a penalty were turned down. The first substitution of the game was made in the 64th minute as Reading's Obita came on to replace Van den Berg. Two minutes later, Huddersfield made their first substitution with [Collin Quaner](/wiki/Collin_Quaner \"Collin Quaner\") coming on for Kachunga. Chances for both sides followed before Grabban was replaced by [Garath McCleary](/wiki/Garath_McCleary \"Garath McCleary\") in the 74th minute. Smith was then booked for a foul on Williams before a snatched shot by Quaner from a Mooy cross, intended for [Nahki Wells](/wiki/Nahki_Wells \"Nahki Wells\"), went wide. In the 82nd minute, a shot from [Tiago Ilori](/wiki/Tiago_Ilori \"Tiago Ilori\") after a cross by Obita was deflected out by Hefele. With three minutes of normal time remaining, Smith was stretchered off the pitch after a challenge from Kermogant, and was replaced by [Martin Cranie](/wiki/Martin_Cranie \"Martin Cranie\"). Two minutes into the seven minutes of injury time, Gunter headed over the bar from a McCleary cross. A late shot from Swift went wide and with seconds remaining, a low shot from Wells was well covered by Al\\-Habsi. The half ended goalless sending the match into extra time.\n\n### Extra time and penalties\n\n[right\\|alt\\=Aaron Mooy\\|thumb\\|upright\\|Aaron Mooy *(pictured in 2018 lining up for [Australia](/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team \"Australia men's national soccer team\"))* scored Huddersfield's fourth penalty and was named man of the match.](/wiki/File:20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aaron_Mooy_850_0283.jpg \"20180601 FIFA Friendly Match Czech Republic vs. Australia Aaron Mooy 850 0283.jpg\")\nHuddersfield kicked off the first period of extra time and within two minutes, a header from Brown header was cleared by the Reading defender [Liam Moore](/wiki/Liam_Moore \"Liam Moore\"). Once again Reading dominated possession but made few chances. After eight minutes, Huddersfield made their final substitution with [Kasey Palmer](/wiki/Kasey_Palmer \"Kasey Palmer\") replacing Brown, with Reading's [Liam Kelly](/wiki/Liam_Kelly_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"Liam Kelly (footballer, born 1995)\") coming on for Swift two minutes later. Al\\-Habsi then stopped a [Rajiv van La Parra](/wiki/Rajiv_van_La_Parra \"Rajiv van La Parra\") chance before McCleary shot high and wide past the Huddersfield goal. Obita was then booked for what [Barry Glendenning](/wiki/Barry_Glendenning \"Barry Glendenning\") of *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")* referred to as a \"rugby tackle\" on Quaner. In the last action of the first half of extra time, Kelly played McCleary in only for him to shoot wide of the right post; the half ended 0–0\\. Reading started the second half of extra time but Huddersfield enjoyed the early possession with missed chances from Hefele and Van La Parra. With three minutes of extra time remaining, Palmer passed to Wells just inside the Reading penalty area but his shot was wide of the left post. A last\\-minute free kick from Löwe came to nothing and extra time ended goalless, sending the second tier play\\-off final to a penalty shootout for the third time ever.\n\nPenalties were taken at the Huddersfield end, with Reading's Kermorgant commencing the shootout. Ward dived the right way but Kermogant's shot was too good. Löwe stepped up to equalise the shootout with a low, hard shot. Williams' strike was down the centre, narrowly missed by Ward's feet, to regain Reading's lead. Next for Huddersfield was Hefele whose weak strike was saved by Al\\-Habsi, keeping the score 2–1 to Reading. The third penalty for Reading was taken by Kelly who struck the ball high into Ward's net, while Huddersfield scored their second with a well placed strike from Wells. Moore's spot kick went over the bar and Mooy equalised the shootout at 3–3 after four penalties each. Obita's shot was then saved by Ward, allowing [Christopher Schindler](/wiki/Christopher_Schindler \"Christopher Schindler\") to strike the winning penalty, securing Huddersfield's promotion to the Premier League with a 4–3 penalty win.\n\n### Details\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n| | | | | **1** | [Danny Ward](/wiki/Danny_Ward_%28Welsh_footballer%29 \"Danny Ward (Welsh footballer)\") | | **2** | [Tommy Smith](/wiki/Tommy_Smith_%28footballer%2C_born_1992%29 \"Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1992)\") | | | | **44** | [Michael Hefele](/wiki/Michael_Hefele \"Michael Hefele\") | | **26** | [Christopher Schindler](/wiki/Christopher_Schindler \"Christopher Schindler\") | | **15** | [Chris Löwe](/wiki/Chris_L%C3%B6we \"Chris Löwe\") | | **6** | [Jonathan Hogg](/wiki/Jonathan_Hogg \"Jonathan Hogg\") | | | **10** | [Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") | | **9** | [Elias Kachunga](/wiki/Elias_Kachunga \"Elias Kachunga\") | | | | **37** | [Izzy Brown](/wiki/Izzy_Brown \"Izzy Brown\") | | | | **17** | [Rajiv van La Parra](/wiki/Rajiv_van_La_Parra \"Rajiv van La Parra\") | | **21** | [Nahki Wells](/wiki/Nahki_Wells \"Nahki Wells\") | |**Substitutes:** |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **13** | [Joel Coleman](/wiki/Joel_Coleman \"Joel Coleman\") |\n| **5** | [Mark Hudson](/wiki/Mark_Hudson_%28footballer%2C_born_1982%29 \"Mark Hudson (footballer, born 1982)\") |\n| **12** | [Tareiq Holmes\\-Dennis](/wiki/Tareiq_Holmes-Dennis \"Tareiq Holmes-Dennis\") |\n| **14** | [Martin Cranie](/wiki/Martin_Cranie \"Martin Cranie\") | | |\n| **4** | [Dean Whitehead](/wiki/Dean_Whitehead \"Dean Whitehead\") |\n| **45** | [Kasey Palmer](/wiki/Kasey_Palmer \"Kasey Palmer\") | | |\n| **23** | [Collin Quaner](/wiki/Collin_Quaner \"Collin Quaner\") | | |\n|**Manager:**\n\n| [David Wagner](/wiki/David_Wagner_%28soccer%29 \"David Wagner (soccer)\")\n\n|\n\n| |\n| **26** | [Ali Al\\-Habsi](/wiki/Ali_Al-Habsi \"Ali Al-Habsi\") |\n| **2** | [Chris Gunter](/wiki/Chris_Gunter \"Chris Gunter\") |\n| **20** | [Tiago Ilori](/wiki/Tiago_Ilori \"Tiago Ilori\") |\n| **16** | [Liam Moore](/wiki/Liam_Moore \"Liam Moore\") |\n| **4** | [Joey van den Berg](/wiki/Joey_van_den_Berg \"Joey van den Berg\") | | |\n| **24** | [Tyler Blackett](/wiki/Tyler_Blackett \"Tyler Blackett\") |\n| **6** | [George Evans](/wiki/George_Evans_%28footballer%2C_born_1994%29 \"George Evans (footballer, born 1994)\") |\n| **23** | [Danny Williams](/wiki/Danny_Williams_%28soccer%2C_born_1989%29 \"Danny Williams (soccer, born 1989)\") |\n| **8** | [John Swift](/wiki/John_Swift_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"John Swift (footballer, born 1995)\") | | |\n| **18** | [Yann Kermorgant](/wiki/Yann_Kermorgant \"Yann Kermorgant\") | |\n| **50** | [Lewis Grabban](/wiki/Lewis_Grabban \"Lewis Grabban\") | | |\n|**Substitutes:**\n\n| **31** | [Anssi Jaakkola](/wiki/Anssi_Jaakkola \"Anssi Jaakkola\") |\n| **11** | [Jordan Obita](/wiki/Jordan_Obita \"Jordan Obita\") | | |\n| **25** | [Adrian Popa](/wiki/Adrian_Popa_%28footballer%2C_born_1988%29 \"Adrian Popa (footballer, born 1988)\") |\n| **7** | [Roy Beerens](/wiki/Roy_Beerens \"Roy Beerens\") |\n| **12** | [Garath McCleary](/wiki/Garath_McCleary \"Garath McCleary\") | | |\n| **38** | [Liam Kelly](/wiki/Liam_Kelly_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"Liam Kelly (footballer, born 1995)\") | | |\n| **9** | [Joseph Mendes](/wiki/Joseph_Mendes \"Joseph Mendes\") |\n|**Manager:**\n\n| [Jaap Stam](/wiki/Jaap_Stam \"Jaap Stam\")\n\n|\n**Man of the Match:**\n \n[Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") (Huddersfield Town)\n\n| |\n\n### Statistics\n\n| \\+ Statistics |\n| --- |\n| | Huddersfield Town | Reading |\n| Goals scored | 0 | 0 |\n| Shots on target | 2 | 1 |\n| Shots off target | 8 | 10 |\n| Fouls committed | 12 | 12 |\n| Corner kicks | 7 | 4 |\n| Yellow cards | 3 | 3 |\n| Red cards | 0 | 0 |\n\n",
"### Background\n\n[right\\|thumb\\|upright\\|alt\\=Neil Swarbrick\\|Neil Swarbrick *(pictured in 2013\\)* was the referee for the match.](/wiki/File:Neil_Swarbrick_2013.jpg \"Neil Swarbrick 2013.jpg\")\nReading's last appearance in the play\\-off final had been in [2011](/wiki/2011_Football_League_Championship_play-off_final \"2011 Football League Championship play-off final\") when they lost 4–2 to [Swansea City](/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C. \"Swansea City A.F.C.\"). Reading had never won a play\\-off competition, having previously lost to [Bolton Wanderers](/wiki/Bolton_Wanderers_F.C. \"Bolton Wanderers F.C.\") in the [1995 First Division play\\-off final](/wiki/1995_Football_League_First_Division_play-off_final \"1995 Football League First Division play-off final\") and to [Walsall](/wiki/Walsall_F.C. \"Walsall F.C.\") in the [2001 Second Division play\\-off final](/wiki/2001_Football_League_Second_Division_play-off_final \"2001 Football League Second Division play-off final\"). Reading had also lost in the second\\-tier play\\-off semi\\-finals in [2003](/wiki/2003_Football_League_play-offs%23First_Division \"2003 Football League play-offs#First Division\") and [2009](/wiki/2009_Football_League_play-offs%23Championship \"2009 Football League play-offs#Championship\"). Huddersfield had an extensive history in the play\\-offs, including four appearances in the finals: promotions from the second tier in [1995](/wiki/1995_Football_League_Second_Division_play-off_final \"1995 Football League Second Division play-off final\") and from the third tier in [2004](/wiki/2004_Football_League_Third_Division_play-off_final \"2004 Football League Third Division play-off final\") and [2012](/wiki/2012_Football_League_One_play-off_final \"2012 Football League One play-off final\"), having lost [the previous season](/wiki/2011_Football_League_One_play-off_final \"2011 Football League One play-off final\"). Prior to the 2017 final, Huddersfield had played twenty\\-two matches in league play\\-offs, winning eight, drawing eight and losing six. During the regular season, both teams had won their home fixtures against one another, with a 1–0 win for Reading in September and a win by the same scoreline in February for Huddersfield. The German\\-born [Elias Kachunga](/wiki/Elias_Kachunga \"Elias Kachunga\") was Huddersfield's top scorer for the season with 12 goals, while Reading's Kermorgant was his team's most prolific striker having scored 18 times prior to the semi\\-finals. Reading had last been in the top flight of English football in 2013 while Huddersfield had last experienced football at the highest domestic tier in the [1971–72 season](/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_in_English_football \"1971–72 in English football\").\n\nReading were without captain Paul McShane who was shown a [straight red card](/wiki/Penalty_card%23Red_card \"Penalty card#Red card\") in their play\\-off semi\\-final first leg game at Fulham. Other than Jordan Obita being named among the substitutes, Reading named the same team as for their previous match. Huddersfield's starting line up was unchanged from their semi\\-final second leg, including Elias Kachunga who had recovered from a hamstring injury suffered in the second leg of the semi\\-final.\n\nThe final was refereed by [Neil Swarbrick](/wiki/Neil_Swarbrick \"Neil Swarbrick\") from the [Lancashire County Football Association](/wiki/Lancashire_County_Football_Association \"Lancashire County Football Association\"), with assistant referees Jake Collin and Darren Cann, while [Stuart Attwell](/wiki/Stuart_Attwell \"Stuart Attwell\") acted as the fourth official. It was widely reported that the game was worth at around £170million over three years to the winners through sponsorship and television deals. Reading were allocated 38,342 tickets for the final in the eastern half of Wembley Stadium, with Huddersfield being allocated the western half of the ground. Ticket prices ranged from £36 to £98 for adults, with concessions being half price. Huddersfield were considered favourites by the media and bookmakers to win the match, which was broadcast in the UK on [Sky Sports](/wiki/Sky_Sports \"Sky Sports\"). Before the match commenced, a minute's silence was held to commemorate the victims of the [Manchester Arena bombing](/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing \"Manchester Arena bombing\").\n\n",
"### First half\n\nKermorgant kicked off for Reading at 3:04p.m. in front of a crowd of 76,682\\. In the 4th minute, Huddersfield won a [free kick](/wiki/Free_kick_%28association_football%29 \"Free kick (association football)\") which was taken by [Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") but the resulting cross was headed wide by [Michael Hefele](/wiki/Michael_Hefele \"Michael Hefele\"). The Yorkshire club dominated the early stages and in the 11th minute a cross to the far post from Kachunga was struck wide of the post by [Izzy Brown](/wiki/Izzy_Brown \"Izzy Brown\") from three yards. Two minutes later, [Lewis Grabban](/wiki/Lewis_Grabban \"Lewis Grabban\")'s shot passed wide of Huddersfield's post. Kachunga was then brought down by [Joey van den Berg](/wiki/Joey_van_den_Berg \"Joey van den Berg\") who received the first [yellow card](/wiki/Penalty_card%23Yellow_card \"Penalty card#Yellow card\") of the game from the referee Neil Swarbrick. Two minutes later Kermorgant was also booked, for a foul on the Huddersfield captain [Tommy Smith](/wiki/Tommy_Smith_%28footballer%2C_born_1992%29 \"Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1992)\"). Midway through the first half, Kermogant found [Chris Gunter](/wiki/Chris_Gunter \"Chris Gunter\"), who needed treatment after he was tackled strongly by [Chris Löwe](/wiki/Chris_L%C3%B6we \"Chris Löwe\"). In the 28th minute, [Jonathan Hogg](/wiki/Jonathan_Hogg \"Jonathan Hogg\") fouled [Danny Williams](/wiki/Danny_Williams_%28soccer%2C_born_1989%29 \"Danny Williams (soccer, born 1989)\") and received the third yellow card of the game. Five minutes later Mooy brought down Kermorgant and was awarded a free kick, which [John Swift](/wiki/John_Swift_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"John Swift (footballer, born 1995)\") struck wide of the Huddersfield goal from 35 yards. The half ended goalless with Reading dominant in possession but Huddersfield having the better chances to score.\n\n",
"### Second half\n\nEarly in the second half, a shot from Löwe from distance was caught by Reading's Al\\-Habsi. Two minutes later, Swift was put through on goal by [George Evans](/wiki/George_Evans_%28footballer%2C_born_1994%29 \"George Evans (footballer, born 1994)\") but his shot was saved by the Huddersfield goalkeeper Ward. In the 54th minute, a deep Van den Berg [corner](/wiki/Corner_kick \"Corner kick\") was hooked over the bar by Kermogant. Reading had the majority of the second half possession and won a free\\-kick wide on the left after Kachunga fouled [Tyler Blackett](/wiki/Tyler_Blackett \"Tyler Blackett\"). The cross into the box was punched clear by Ward. In the 60th minute Kachunga was booked for [dissent](/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms%23D \"Glossary of association football terms#D\"). A minute later Hefele was brought down in the area by Van den Berg but Huddersfield's appeals for a penalty were turned down. The first substitution of the game was made in the 64th minute as Reading's Obita came on to replace Van den Berg. Two minutes later, Huddersfield made their first substitution with [Collin Quaner](/wiki/Collin_Quaner \"Collin Quaner\") coming on for Kachunga. Chances for both sides followed before Grabban was replaced by [Garath McCleary](/wiki/Garath_McCleary \"Garath McCleary\") in the 74th minute. Smith was then booked for a foul on Williams before a snatched shot by Quaner from a Mooy cross, intended for [Nahki Wells](/wiki/Nahki_Wells \"Nahki Wells\"), went wide. In the 82nd minute, a shot from [Tiago Ilori](/wiki/Tiago_Ilori \"Tiago Ilori\") after a cross by Obita was deflected out by Hefele. With three minutes of normal time remaining, Smith was stretchered off the pitch after a challenge from Kermogant, and was replaced by [Martin Cranie](/wiki/Martin_Cranie \"Martin Cranie\"). Two minutes into the seven minutes of injury time, Gunter headed over the bar from a McCleary cross. A late shot from Swift went wide and with seconds remaining, a low shot from Wells was well covered by Al\\-Habsi. The half ended goalless sending the match into extra time.\n\n",
"### Extra time and penalties\n\n[right\\|alt\\=Aaron Mooy\\|thumb\\|upright\\|Aaron Mooy *(pictured in 2018 lining up for [Australia](/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team \"Australia men's national soccer team\"))* scored Huddersfield's fourth penalty and was named man of the match.](/wiki/File:20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aaron_Mooy_850_0283.jpg \"20180601 FIFA Friendly Match Czech Republic vs. Australia Aaron Mooy 850 0283.jpg\")\nHuddersfield kicked off the first period of extra time and within two minutes, a header from Brown header was cleared by the Reading defender [Liam Moore](/wiki/Liam_Moore \"Liam Moore\"). Once again Reading dominated possession but made few chances. After eight minutes, Huddersfield made their final substitution with [Kasey Palmer](/wiki/Kasey_Palmer \"Kasey Palmer\") replacing Brown, with Reading's [Liam Kelly](/wiki/Liam_Kelly_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"Liam Kelly (footballer, born 1995)\") coming on for Swift two minutes later. Al\\-Habsi then stopped a [Rajiv van La Parra](/wiki/Rajiv_van_La_Parra \"Rajiv van La Parra\") chance before McCleary shot high and wide past the Huddersfield goal. Obita was then booked for what [Barry Glendenning](/wiki/Barry_Glendenning \"Barry Glendenning\") of *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")* referred to as a \"rugby tackle\" on Quaner. In the last action of the first half of extra time, Kelly played McCleary in only for him to shoot wide of the right post; the half ended 0–0\\. Reading started the second half of extra time but Huddersfield enjoyed the early possession with missed chances from Hefele and Van La Parra. With three minutes of extra time remaining, Palmer passed to Wells just inside the Reading penalty area but his shot was wide of the left post. A last\\-minute free kick from Löwe came to nothing and extra time ended goalless, sending the second tier play\\-off final to a penalty shootout for the third time ever.\n\nPenalties were taken at the Huddersfield end, with Reading's Kermorgant commencing the shootout. Ward dived the right way but Kermogant's shot was too good. Löwe stepped up to equalise the shootout with a low, hard shot. Williams' strike was down the centre, narrowly missed by Ward's feet, to regain Reading's lead. Next for Huddersfield was Hefele whose weak strike was saved by Al\\-Habsi, keeping the score 2–1 to Reading. The third penalty for Reading was taken by Kelly who struck the ball high into Ward's net, while Huddersfield scored their second with a well placed strike from Wells. Moore's spot kick went over the bar and Mooy equalised the shootout at 3–3 after four penalties each. Obita's shot was then saved by Ward, allowing [Christopher Schindler](/wiki/Christopher_Schindler \"Christopher Schindler\") to strike the winning penalty, securing Huddersfield's promotion to the Premier League with a 4–3 penalty win.\n\n",
"### Details\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n| | | | | **1** | [Danny Ward](/wiki/Danny_Ward_%28Welsh_footballer%29 \"Danny Ward (Welsh footballer)\") | | **2** | [Tommy Smith](/wiki/Tommy_Smith_%28footballer%2C_born_1992%29 \"Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1992)\") | | | | **44** | [Michael Hefele](/wiki/Michael_Hefele \"Michael Hefele\") | | **26** | [Christopher Schindler](/wiki/Christopher_Schindler \"Christopher Schindler\") | | **15** | [Chris Löwe](/wiki/Chris_L%C3%B6we \"Chris Löwe\") | | **6** | [Jonathan Hogg](/wiki/Jonathan_Hogg \"Jonathan Hogg\") | | | **10** | [Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") | | **9** | [Elias Kachunga](/wiki/Elias_Kachunga \"Elias Kachunga\") | | | | **37** | [Izzy Brown](/wiki/Izzy_Brown \"Izzy Brown\") | | | | **17** | [Rajiv van La Parra](/wiki/Rajiv_van_La_Parra \"Rajiv van La Parra\") | | **21** | [Nahki Wells](/wiki/Nahki_Wells \"Nahki Wells\") | |**Substitutes:** |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **13** | [Joel Coleman](/wiki/Joel_Coleman \"Joel Coleman\") |\n| **5** | [Mark Hudson](/wiki/Mark_Hudson_%28footballer%2C_born_1982%29 \"Mark Hudson (footballer, born 1982)\") |\n| **12** | [Tareiq Holmes\\-Dennis](/wiki/Tareiq_Holmes-Dennis \"Tareiq Holmes-Dennis\") |\n| **14** | [Martin Cranie](/wiki/Martin_Cranie \"Martin Cranie\") | | |\n| **4** | [Dean Whitehead](/wiki/Dean_Whitehead \"Dean Whitehead\") |\n| **45** | [Kasey Palmer](/wiki/Kasey_Palmer \"Kasey Palmer\") | | |\n| **23** | [Collin Quaner](/wiki/Collin_Quaner \"Collin Quaner\") | | |\n|**Manager:**\n\n| [David Wagner](/wiki/David_Wagner_%28soccer%29 \"David Wagner (soccer)\")\n\n|\n\n| |\n| **26** | [Ali Al\\-Habsi](/wiki/Ali_Al-Habsi \"Ali Al-Habsi\") |\n| **2** | [Chris Gunter](/wiki/Chris_Gunter \"Chris Gunter\") |\n| **20** | [Tiago Ilori](/wiki/Tiago_Ilori \"Tiago Ilori\") |\n| **16** | [Liam Moore](/wiki/Liam_Moore \"Liam Moore\") |\n| **4** | [Joey van den Berg](/wiki/Joey_van_den_Berg \"Joey van den Berg\") | | |\n| **24** | [Tyler Blackett](/wiki/Tyler_Blackett \"Tyler Blackett\") |\n| **6** | [George Evans](/wiki/George_Evans_%28footballer%2C_born_1994%29 \"George Evans (footballer, born 1994)\") |\n| **23** | [Danny Williams](/wiki/Danny_Williams_%28soccer%2C_born_1989%29 \"Danny Williams (soccer, born 1989)\") |\n| **8** | [John Swift](/wiki/John_Swift_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"John Swift (footballer, born 1995)\") | | |\n| **18** | [Yann Kermorgant](/wiki/Yann_Kermorgant \"Yann Kermorgant\") | |\n| **50** | [Lewis Grabban](/wiki/Lewis_Grabban \"Lewis Grabban\") | | |\n|**Substitutes:**\n\n| **31** | [Anssi Jaakkola](/wiki/Anssi_Jaakkola \"Anssi Jaakkola\") |\n| **11** | [Jordan Obita](/wiki/Jordan_Obita \"Jordan Obita\") | | |\n| **25** | [Adrian Popa](/wiki/Adrian_Popa_%28footballer%2C_born_1988%29 \"Adrian Popa (footballer, born 1988)\") |\n| **7** | [Roy Beerens](/wiki/Roy_Beerens \"Roy Beerens\") |\n| **12** | [Garath McCleary](/wiki/Garath_McCleary \"Garath McCleary\") | | |\n| **38** | [Liam Kelly](/wiki/Liam_Kelly_%28footballer%2C_born_1995%29 \"Liam Kelly (footballer, born 1995)\") | | |\n| **9** | [Joseph Mendes](/wiki/Joseph_Mendes \"Joseph Mendes\") |\n|**Manager:**\n\n| [Jaap Stam](/wiki/Jaap_Stam \"Jaap Stam\")\n\n|\n**Man of the Match:**\n \n[Aaron Mooy](/wiki/Aaron_Mooy \"Aaron Mooy\") (Huddersfield Town)\n\n| |\n\n",
"### Statistics\n\n| \\+ Statistics |\n| --- |\n| | Huddersfield Town | Reading |\n| Goals scored | 0 | 0 |\n| Shots on target | 2 | 1 |\n| Shots off target | 8 | 10 |\n| Fouls committed | 12 | 12 |\n| Corner kicks | 7 | 4 |\n| Yellow cards | 3 | 3 |\n| Red cards | 0 | 0 |\n\n",
"Post\\-match\n-----------\n\nIt was the first time since the play\\-off format was introduced in 1987 that a final ended goalless. Huddersfield's coach Wagner stated: \"we said no limits and now we know what our limits are – the Premier League\". He went on to call his players \"legends for sure. Everybody will remember what this group of players have done with a small budget. And they deserve it. This football club has written an unbelievable story\". Schindler, the winning penalty\\-taker, said: \"I think nobody's feeling 100% confident under this pressure, but you have to do it\". Aaron Mooy was named the [man of the match](/wiki/Player_of_the_match \"Player of the match\"); according to BBC reporter Ian Woodcock, Mooy \"has been incredibly influential throughout the season and his energy and guile drove his side forward for 120 minutes\". Reading's captain Chris Gunter observed: \"nobody knows what to say to each other... the first thing is to make sure that this manager is in charge for the first game of next season\".\n\nHuddersfield's first season back in the top tier of English football since 1972 saw them end the [Premier League](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Premier_League \"2017–18 Premier League\") in 16th place, four points ahead of the relegation zone. It was described by Paul Doyle in *The Guardian* as \"the Premier League's greatest survival story\", with Wagner in particular noted as \"a leader of rare charisma and intelligence\". Reading finished the [2017–18 EFL Championship](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_EFL_Championship \"2017–18 EFL Championship\") season in 20th position, three points above the relegation places, with Stam leaving the club in March 2018 after a run of one win in eighteen games.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Play\\-off Final 2017](/wiki/Category:Reading_F.C._matches \"Reading F.C. matches\")\n[Category:EFL Championship play\\-off finals](/wiki/Category:EFL_Championship_play-off_finals \"EFL Championship play-off finals\")\n[1](/wiki/Category:2017_English_Football_League_play-offs \"2017 English Football League play-offs\")\n[Play\\-off Final 2017](/wiki/Category:Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C._matches \"Huddersfield Town A.F.C. matches\")\n[EFL Championship play\\-off final](/wiki/Category:2017_sports_events_in_London \"2017 sports events in London\")\n[EFL Championship play\\-off final](/wiki/Category:May_2017_sports_events_in_the_United_Kingdom \"May 2017 sports events in the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Franz Courtens
|
{
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null
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"2603:8000:D300:3650:E1D2:5AC3:C25B:7842"
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|
3zgznk1uxjaa11iltwxew4zavdceh82
|
2024-07-07T23:57:38Z
| 1,231,555,064 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Family",
"Honours",
"References",
"External links"
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1,
2,
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"\n\n[thumb](/wiki/File:Le_Retour_du_Salut_by_Franz_Courtens.jpg \"Le Retour du Salut by Franz Courtens.jpg\")\n\nBaron **Franciscus Eduardus Maria (Franz) Courtens** (1854–1943\\)Piet Boyens, *Sint\\-Martens\\-Latem* (1992\\), p. 210\\. was a Belgian painter.\n\nHe was a leading figure in the [Dendermonde](/wiki/Dendermonde \"Dendermonde\") School, famous for his paintings of nature and landscapes. An essay on him by [Fernand Khnopff](/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff \"Fernand Khnopff\") was published in *[The International Studio](/wiki/The_International_Studio \"The International Studio\")* 34 (1908\\).Partially [available on Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=LxrnAAAAMAAJ). Courtens was professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts ([NHISKA](/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_%28Antwerp%29 \"Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp)\")) in Antwerp from 1904 till 1924\\.\n\nHe was a personal friend of Leopold II, who gave him the privilege of free access to the royal Parc of Laeken.L'art au Sénat : découverte d'un patrimoine Some of his paintings remain in the Royal collection.\n\n",
"Family\n------\n\nSince 1922, the family belongs to the Belgian nobility.\n\nBaron **Franz Courtens**: \npainter, member of [Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium](/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Science%2C_Letters_and_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium \"Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium\"), 1904\\.\n* + Baron [Hermann Courtens](/wiki/Hermann_Courtens \"Hermann Courtens\"), (1884\\-1956\\): painter\n\t\t- Baron [Pierre Courtens](/wiki/Pierre_Courtens \"Pierre Courtens\"), (1921\\-2004\\): artist\n\t\t- [Jacques Courtens](/wiki/Jacques_Courtens \"Jacques Courtens\"), (1926\\-1988\\): painter\n\t+ [Alfred Courtens](/wiki/Alfred_Courtens \"Alfred Courtens\"), (1889\\-1967\\): sculptor\n\t+ [Antoine Courtens](/wiki/Antoine_Courtens \"Antoine Courtens\"), (1899\\-1969\\): architect, studied with Baron Victor Horta, \n\t\n\nFile:Dendermonde Town Hall Courtens Thaw.JPG\\|''Thaw in Dendermonde (Le dégel à Termonde)'', 1879, oil on canvas, 166 × 231 cm\nFile:Franz Courtens, around 1901, Herd in Kempen (Troupeau en Campine), oil on canvas, 80 x 60 cm.jpg\\|''Herd in Kempen (Troupeau en Campine)'', oil on canvas, 80 x 60 cm\nFile:Franz Courtens \\- De golf.JPG\\| ''The wave (La vague)'', ca. 1926, oil on canvas, 51 × 85 cm\nFile:Franz Courtens, 1926, Lake of Bourget (Lac du Bourget), oil on canvas, 110 x 190 cm.jpg\\| ''Lake of Bourget (Lac du Bourget)'', 1926, oil on canvas, 110 x 190 cm\nFile:Franz Courtens \\- Wachtend op hoogtij.JPG\\| ''Resting in the dune (Le repos dans la dune)'', last painting from the artist 1935, oil on canvas, 75 × 110 cm\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n* **1922**: created Baron Courtens by [Royal order](/wiki/Royal_order_%28Belgium%29 \"Royal order (Belgium)\").\n* Grand Officer in the [Order of the Crown](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_%28Belgium%29 \"Order of the Crown (Belgium)\").\n* Member of the [Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium](/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Science%2C_Letters_and_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium \"Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium\").\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Centre Marius Staquet](http://www.mouscron.be/loisirs/culture/centre-marius-staquet/a-la-une/franz-courtens) Franz Courtens \\- Le plein air et l'intine\n* [Franz Courtens](http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=franz+courtens&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500027005) ULAN Full Record Display. Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies. Getty Vocabulary Program, [Getty Research Institute](/wiki/Getty_Research_Institute \"Getty Research Institute\") (Los Angeles, California)\n\n[Category:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Belgium \"Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium\")\n[Category:People from Dendermonde](/wiki/Category:People_from_Dendermonde \"People from Dendermonde\")\n[Category:Belgian barons](/wiki/Category:Belgian_barons \"Belgian barons\")\n[Category:Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)](/wiki/Category:Grand_Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Belgium%29 \"Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)\")\n[Category:1854 births](/wiki/Category:1854_births \"1854 births\")\n[Category:1943 deaths](/wiki/Category:1943_deaths \"1943 deaths\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Belgian painters](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Belgian_painters \"19th-century Belgian painters\")\n[Category:Belgian male painters](/wiki/Category:Belgian_male_painters \"Belgian male painters\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Belgian male artists](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Belgian_male_artists \"19th-century Belgian male artists\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Belgian painters](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Belgian_painters \"20th-century Belgian painters\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Belgian male artists](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Belgian_male_artists \"20th-century Belgian male artists\")\n[Category:Belgian art educators](/wiki/Category:Belgian_art_educators \"Belgian art educators\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
D. A. Asare
|
{
"id": [
41641680
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"Urchincrawler"
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|
qxogemc0fil6g5f718p817s579b2nxt
|
2024-07-26T01:09:09Z
| 1,136,690,807 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Brigadier D. A. Asare** was a [Ghanaian](/wiki/Ghanaian \"Ghanaian\") [military personnel](/wiki/Military_personnel \"Military personnel\") and a former Chief of Army Staff of the [Ghana Army](/wiki/Ghana_Army \"Ghana Army\"). He served as Chief of Army Staff from Feb 1972 to Jan 1973\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Ghanaian military personnel](/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_military_personnel \"Ghanaian military personnel\")\n[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff (Ghana)](/wiki/Category:Chiefs_of_Army_Staff_%28Ghana%29 \"Chiefs of Army Staff (Ghana)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Amphitheatre (London)
|
{
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7903804
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"name": [
"Citation bot"
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|
0q9bogq3vp21tuqkd92ex2a3k6deu3e
|
2024-09-04T19:48:33Z
| 1,243,645,168 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe visible remains of an [amphitheatre](/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre \"Roman amphitheatre\") constructed during [Roman London](/wiki/Roman_London \"Roman London\") lie beneath Guildhall Yard in the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London \"City of London\"). Some of these remains are displayed *in situ* in a room in the basement of the [Guildhall Art Gallery](/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery \"Guildhall Art Gallery\") complex. Discovered in 1988, the site is now a [scheduled monument](/wiki/Scheduled_monument \"Scheduled monument\").\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.25\\|left\\|alt\\=Vector map of Londinium in 400 AD\\|[Londinium](/wiki/Londinium \"Londinium\") c.400 AD, showing the location of the amphitheatre near the southeast corner of the Roman fort at top left](/wiki/File:Map_Londinium_400_AD-en.svg \"Map Londinium 400 AD-en.svg\")\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.25\\|left\\|The elliptical band of dark stone on Guildhall Yard marks out the perimeter of the amphitheatre beneath the plaza](/wiki/File:The_Guildhall_%2816763316129%29.jpg \"The Guildhall (16763316129).jpg\")\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.25\\|left\\|A section of the amphitheatre wall](/wiki/File:Roman_Ampitheatre_%2826342607961%29.jpg \"Roman Ampitheatre (26342607961).jpg\")\nLondon's first [Roman amphitheatre](/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre \"Roman amphitheatre\") was built in [AD 70](/wiki/AD_70 \"AD 70\") from wood, but was renovated in the early 2nd century with tiled entrances and [rag\\-stone](/wiki/Rag-stone \"Rag-stone\") walls. The [amphitheatre](/wiki/Amphitheatre \"Amphitheatre\") was used for various public events such as [gladiator](/wiki/Gladiator \"Gladiator\") games, entertaining soldiers and the public with [animal fighting](/wiki/Animal_fighting \"Animal fighting\") and public [execution](/wiki/Execution \"Execution\") of criminals, as well as religious activities. After the [ancient Romans](/wiki/Ancient_Romans \"Ancient Romans\") left in the 4th century, the amphitheatre lay derelict for hundreds of years.\n\nIn the 11th century the area was reoccupied and by the 12th century the first [London Guildhall](/wiki/Guildhall%2C_London \"Guildhall, London\") was built next to it, which survives despite the [Great Fire of London](/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London \"Great Fire of London\") and [The Blitz](/wiki/The_Blitz \"The Blitz\"). Various other buildings were constructed around the site of the amphitheatre, which eventually became the public plaza of Guildhall Yard seen today. The formal entrance to Guildhall Yard included a gatehouse built in the 13th century, sited directly over the southern entrance to the Roman amphitheatre. The church of [St Lawrence Jewry](/wiki/St_Lawrence_Jewry \"St Lawrence Jewry\"), on the south side of Guildhall Yard, is built on an irregular alignment which may have been intended to shadow the elliptical form of the amphitheatre.\n\nThe [Guildhall Art Gallery](/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery \"Guildhall Art Gallery\"), on the northern side of the plaza, was completed in 1999, the basement of which provides access to an excavated section of the Roman\\-era remains. The perimeter of the amphitheatre is marked at surface level on Guildhall Yard by a band of dark stone.[Atlas Obscura \\- Guildhall's Underground Amphitheatre](https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/guildhall-underground-amphitheater)\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Roman amphitheatres](/wiki/List_of_Roman_amphitheatres \"List of Roman amphitheatres\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [London's Roman Amphitheatre](https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/attractions-museums-entertainment/guildhall-galleries/londons-roman-amphitheatre) \n* [Guildhall Art Gallery](http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/guildhallartgallery)\n\n[Category:70s establishments in the Roman Empire](/wiki/Category:70s_establishments_in_the_Roman_Empire \"70s establishments in the Roman Empire\")\n[Category:1988 in London](/wiki/Category:1988_in_London \"1988 in London\")\n[Category:Archaeological museums in London](/wiki/Category:Archaeological_museums_in_London \"Archaeological museums in London\")\n[Category:Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Museums_of_ancient_Rome_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom\")\n[London amphitheatre](/wiki/Category:Amphitheatres_in_Roman_Britain \"Amphitheatres in Roman Britain\")\n[Category:Roman London](/wiki/Category:Roman_London \"Roman London\")\n[Category:Scheduled monuments in London](/wiki/Category:Scheduled_monuments_in_London \"Scheduled monuments in London\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature
|
{
"id": [
48212345
],
"name": [
"Bookleo"
]
}
|
trny5amjilhh62gupy7ijagz1s9tz0o
|
2024-09-19T01:01:21Z
| 1,229,015,143 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature** is a free public lecture delivered annually at [Pembroke College, Oxford University](/wiki/Pembroke_College%2C_Oxford_University \"Pembroke College, Oxford University\").\n\nThe series was founded by Pembroke postgraduate students Will Badger and Gabriel Schenk in memory of [J.R.R. Tolkien](/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien \"J.R.R. Tolkien\"), who was [Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo\\-Saxon](/wiki/Rawlinson_and_Bosworth_Professor_of_Anglo-Saxon \"Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon\") at Pembroke from 1925 until 1945\\. During this time he wrote *[The Hobbit](/wiki/The_Hobbit \"The Hobbit\")* and the majority of *[The Lord of the Rings](/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings \"The Lord of the Rings\")*. The aim of the lecture series is to stimulate more serious study of fantasy literature at Oxford University and beyond. The lecture can be on any subject dealing with fantasy, science fiction, horror, or related speculative genres.[About Us](https://tolkienlecture.org/about-us/), The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature\n\nThe Pembroke College Middle Common Room announced the series in 2012,[Announcing the First Annual Pembroke Lecture on Fantasy Literature in Honour of JRR Tolkien](https://tolkienlecture.org/2012/12/), The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature, 6 December 2012\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\. and the first lecture was delivered on 18 January 2013 by fantasy writer [Kij Johnson](/wiki/Kij_Johnson \"Kij Johnson\").Matt Handley,\n [Pembroke To Introduce Fantasy Lecture](http://oxfordstudent.com/2013/01/10/pembroke-to-introduce-fantasy-lecture/), *The Oxford Student*, 10 January 2013\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.Matthew Reza, , *The Oxonian Review*, 18 January 2012\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.\n\n[R.F. Kuang](/wiki/R.F._Kuang \"R.F. Kuang\") was scheduled to deliver the eighth\\-annual lecture in April 2020,Gabriel Schenk [https://tolkienlecture.org/2020/02/29/rebecca\\-f\\-kuang\\-to\\-deliver\\-the\\-2020\\-tolkien\\-lecture\\-at\\-pembroke/](https://tolkienlecture.org/2020/02/29/rebecca-f-kuang-to-deliver-the-2020-tolkien-lecture-at-pembroke/), Pembroke College, Oxford, 26 February 2020\\. Retrieved 16 May 2020\\. but due to the [COVID\\-19 pandemic](/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), her lecture was postponed. On 16 May 2020, in lieu of a lecture, past speakers [Kij Johnson](/wiki/Kij_Johnson \"Kij Johnson\"), [Adam Roberts](/wiki/Adam_Roberts_%28British_writer%29 \"Adam Roberts (British writer)\"), [Lev Grossman](/wiki/Lev_Grossman \"Lev Grossman\"), [Terri Windling](/wiki/Terri_Windling \"Terri Windling\"), and [Victoria 'V.E.' Schwab](/wiki/V._E._Schwab \"V. E. Schwab\") joined forthcoming lecturer Kuang for an online symposium on ['Fantasy in Times of Crisis'](https://tolkienlecture.org/2020/05/24/tolkien-symposium-2020-video-recording-and-resource-list/). The organizers invited donations to the [Society of Authors](/wiki/Society_of_Authors \"Society of Authors\")' emergency fund to support British writers whose livelihoods had been affected by the pandemic.\n\n[Guy Gavriel Kay](/wiki/Guy_Gavriel_Kay \"Guy Gavriel Kay\") delivered the 2021 lecture on 11 May. It was held digitally via [Zoom](/wiki/Zoom_%28software%29 \"Zoom (software)\") and streamed live to [YouTube](/wiki/YouTube \"YouTube\"). In 2022, the Tolkien Lecture was held in person again, with [R. F. Kuang](/wiki/R._F._Kuang \"R. F. Kuang\") delivering the lecture at Pembroke on 23 May.\n\nOn 21 March 2023, it was announced that [Maria Dahvana Headley](/wiki/Maria_Dahvana_Headley \"Maria Dahvana Headley\") would deliver the lecture on 16 May.\n\nScience Fiction critic, writer, and publisher [Cheryl Morgan](/wiki/Cheryl_Morgan \"Cheryl Morgan\") regularly blogs about the lecture series on her website.Cheryl Morgan, [Marlon James' Tolkien Lecture](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=26111), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 2 March 2019\\. Retrieved 2 March 2019\\.Cheryl Morgan, [V.E. Schwab’s Tolkien Lecture](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=25448), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 2 May 2018\\. Retrieved 13 May 2018\\.Cheryl Morgan, [Susan Cooper’s Tolkien Lecture](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=24174), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 28 April 2017\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.Cheryl Morgan, [Terri Windling’s Tolkien Lecture](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=22723), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 31 May 2016\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.Cheryl Morgan, [2015 Tolkien Memorial Lecture from @leverus](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=21010), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 31 May 2016\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.Cheryl Morgan, [The Tolkien Lecture](https://www.cheryl-morgan.com/?p=15805), *Cheryl's Mewsings*, 20 January 2013\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\. Fantasy author [Juliet E. McKenna](/wiki/Juliet_E._McKenna \"Juliet E. McKenna\") has also written about the series.Juliet E. McKenna, [Interesting things of the week; thoughts on Tolkien, writing careers and gender stereotypes](http://www.julietemckenna.com/?p=2165), 27 May 2016\\. Retrieved 19 June 2017\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n| Date | Lecturer | Title |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 18 January 2013 | [Kij Johnson](/wiki/Kij_Johnson \"Kij Johnson\") | Inaugural Pembroke Lecture on Fantasy Literature in Honour of J.R.R. Tolkien |\n| 2 May 2014 | [Adam Roberts](/wiki/Adam_Roberts_%28British_writer%29 \"Adam Roberts (British writer)\") | Tolkien and Women |\n| 13 May 2015 | [Lev Grossman](/wiki/Lev_Grossman \"Lev Grossman\") | Fear and Loathing in Aslan’s Land |\n| 26 May 2016 | [Terri Windling](/wiki/Terri_Windling \"Terri Windling\") | Tolkien’s Long Shadow: Reflections on Fantasy Literature in the Post\\-Tolkien Era |\n| 27 April 2017 | [Susan Cooper](/wiki/Susan_Cooper \"Susan Cooper\") | A Catch of the Breath |\n| 1 May 2018 | [Victoria 'V.E.' Schwab](/wiki/V._E._Schwab \"V. E. Schwab\") | In Search of Doors |\n| 26 February 2019 | [Marlon James](/wiki/Marlon_James_%28novelist%29 \"Marlon James (novelist)\") | Our Myths, Our Selves |\n| 16 May 2020 | Panel Discussion: | Fantasy in Times of Crisis |\n| 11 May 2021 | [Guy Gavriel Kay](/wiki/Guy_Gavriel_Kay \"Guy Gavriel Kay\") | Just Enough Light: Some Thoughts on Fantasy and Literature |\n| 23 May 2022 | [R.F. Kuang](/wiki/R.F._Kuang \"R.F. Kuang\") | Goodness, Beauty, and Truth: The Value of Art in Times of Crisis |\n| 16 May 2023 | [Maria Dahvana Headley](/wiki/Maria_Dahvana_Headley \"Maria Dahvana Headley\") | Tell Me A Story: How Fantastical Literature Has Been Shaped by Storytellers and Audiences |\n| 12 June 2024 | [Neil Gaiman](/wiki/Neil_Gaiman \"Neil Gaiman\")[Neil Gaiman to Deliver the 2024 Tolkien Lecture](https://tolkienlecture.org/2024/04/15/neil-gaiman-to-deliver-the-2024-tolkien-lecture/) *The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature*. 15 April 2024\\. Retrieved 14 June 2024 | |\n|\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Website](https://tolkienlecture.org/)\n* [Press Release for the launch of the series](http://pembrokemcr.com/tolkien/tolkien-lecture-2013.pdf)\n* [Pembroke College, Oxford, Official Website](http://www.pmb.ox.ac.uk/)\n\n[Tolkien](/wiki/Category:Lecture_series_at_the_University_of_Oxford \"Lecture series at the University of Oxford\")\n[Category:Tolkien studies](/wiki/Category:Tolkien_studies \"Tolkien studies\")\n[Category:Science fiction studies](/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_studies \"Science fiction studies\")\n[Category:Speculative fiction](/wiki/Category:Speculative_fiction \"Speculative fiction\")\n[Category:Annual events in England](/wiki/Category:Annual_events_in_England \"Annual events in England\")\n[Category:Recurring events established in 2013](/wiki/Category:Recurring_events_established_in_2013 \"Recurring events established in 2013\")\n[Category:Pembroke College, Oxford](/wiki/Category:Pembroke_College%2C_Oxford \"Pembroke College, Oxford\")\n[Category:2013 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:2013_establishments_in_England \"2013 establishments in England\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Know No Better
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
m540s5ra22j8arsthann3das64bj6wy
|
2024-07-23T11:22:54Z
| 1,236,182,373 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Singles",
"Other songs",
"Critical reception",
"Track listing",
"Charts",
"Weekly charts",
"Year-end charts",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Know No Better*** is the fourth [extended play](/wiki/Extended_play \"Extended play\") (EP) by American [electronic music](/wiki/Electronic_music \"Electronic music\") trio [Major Lazer](/wiki/Major_Lazer \"Major Lazer\"), released on June 1, 2017, by [Mad Decent](/wiki/Mad_Decent \"Mad Decent\").\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nThe EP includes 6 tracks featuring collaborations with numerous artists, including [Travis Scott](/wiki/Travis_Scott \"Travis Scott\"), [Camila Cabello](/wiki/Camila_Cabello \"Camila Cabello\"), [Quavo](/wiki/Quavo \"Quavo\"), [J Balvin](/wiki/J_Balvin \"J Balvin\"), [Sean Paul](/wiki/Sean_Paul \"Sean Paul\"), [Nasty C](/wiki/Nasty_C \"Nasty C\"), [Ice Prince](/wiki/Ice_Prince \"Ice Prince\"), [Patoranking](/wiki/Patoranking \"Patoranking\"), [Jidenna](/wiki/Jidenna \"Jidenna\"), [Busy Signal](/wiki/Busy_Signal \"Busy Signal\"), [Machel Montano](/wiki/Machel_Montano \"Machel Montano\"), [Konshens](/wiki/Konshens \"Konshens\") and [Brazilian](/wiki/Brazilians \"Brazilians\") singers [Anitta](/wiki/Anitta_%28singer%29 \"Anitta (singer)\") and [Pabllo Vittar](/wiki/Pabllo_Vittar \"Pabllo Vittar\").\n\n",
"Singles\n-------\n\nThe lead single, \"[Know No Better](/wiki/Know_No_Better_%28song%29 \"Know No Better (song)\")\", was announced as the original lead single on May 22, 2017, to be released official single with on May 31, 2017, featuring vocals from American rappers, [Travis Scott](/wiki/Travis_Scott \"Travis Scott\") and [Quavo](/wiki/Migos \"Migos\"), and [Cuban](/wiki/Cubans \"Cubans\")\\-[American](/wiki/Americans \"Americans\") singer [Camila Cabello](/wiki/Camila_Cabello \"Camila Cabello\"). Major Lazer later clarified, by tweeting out that the song would be released on June 1, at 8 AM [ET](/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone \"Eastern Time Zone\"), 12 PM [BST](/wiki/British_Summer_Time \"British Summer Time\"). Camila Cabello teased the original track on May 26, by tweeting out lyrics from the song. She also posted snippets of the song on her [Snapchat](/wiki/Snapchat \"Snapchat\") story the same day.\n\nThe second single, \"[Sua Cara](/wiki/Sua_Cara \"Sua Cara\")\", was announced in February 2017, to be released official single with on July 30, 2017, featuring vocals from [Brazilian](/wiki/Brazilians \"Brazilians\") singers [Anitta](/wiki/Anitta_%28singer%29 \"Anitta (singer)\") and [Pabllo Vittar](/wiki/Pabllo_Vittar \"Pabllo Vittar\"). On June 20, Major Lazer traveled to [Morocco](/wiki/Morocco \"Morocco\") along with [Anitta](/wiki/Anitta_%28singer%29 \"Anitta (singer)\") and [Pabllo Vittar](/wiki/Pabllo_Vittar \"Pabllo Vittar\") to record the music video for \"[Sua Cara](/wiki/Sua_Cara \"Sua Cara\")\". It was directed by Bruno Ilogti.\n\n### Other songs\n\nA music video for the song \"[Particula](/wiki/Particula \"Particula\")\" was released on October 12, 2017\\. The song also appeared on [Give Me Future](/wiki/Give_Me_Future \"Give Me Future\"). Music videos for the songs \"Buscando Huellas\" and \"Jump\" were also released.\n\n",
"### Other songs\n\nA music video for the song \"[Particula](/wiki/Particula \"Particula\")\" was released on October 12, 2017\\. The song also appeared on [Give Me Future](/wiki/Give_Me_Future \"Give Me Future\"). Music videos for the songs \"Buscando Huellas\" and \"Jump\" were also released.\n\n",
"Critical reception\n------------------\n\nAndy Cush of *[Spin](/wiki/Spin_%28magazine%29 \"Spin (magazine)\")* wrote that the EP \"sounds the same\". He added, \"Maybe at some point soon they'll recognize that the magic of these particular tricks is starting to wear out. Or, like the title of the record implies, maybe they don't know anything better\". [Pitchfork](/wiki/Pitchfork_%28website%29 \"Pitchfork (website)\")'s Jonah Bromwich gave the EP a positive review, stating that: \"And as fun as it is at times, *Know No Better* doubles as a testament to the result of spreading a handful of good ideas too thin.\"\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n* signifies a co\\-producer.\n* signifies an additional producer.\n* All songwriting credits are adapted from liner notes.\n\n",
"Charts\n------\n\n### Weekly charts\n\n| Chart (2017\\) | Peak position |\n| --- | --- |\n|\n\n|\n\n| Italian Albums ([FIMI](/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana \"Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana\")) | 80 |\n| New Zealand Heatseekers Albums ([RMNZ](/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ \"Recorded Music NZ\")) | 3 |\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n### Year\\-end charts\n\n| Chart (2017\\) | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (*Billboard*) | 16 |\n\n",
"### Weekly charts\n\n| Chart (2017\\) | Peak position |\n| --- | --- |\n|\n\n|\n\n| Italian Albums ([FIMI](/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana \"Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana\")) | 80 |\n| New Zealand Heatseekers Albums ([RMNZ](/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ \"Recorded Music NZ\")) | 3 |\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n",
"### Year\\-end charts\n\n| Chart (2017\\) | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (*Billboard*) | 16 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2017 EPs](/wiki/Category:2017_EPs \"2017 EPs\")\n[Category:Albums produced by Major Lazer](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_Major_Lazer \"Albums produced by Major Lazer\")\n[Category:Major Lazer albums](/wiki/Category:Major_Lazer_albums \"Major Lazer albums\")\n[Category:Moombahton EPs](/wiki/Category:Moombahton_EPs \"Moombahton EPs\")\n[Category:Portuguese\\-language EPs](/wiki/Category:Portuguese-language_EPs \"Portuguese-language EPs\")\n[Category:2010s Portuguese\\-language albums](/wiki/Category:2010s_Portuguese-language_albums \"2010s Portuguese-language albums\")\n[Category:Spanish\\-language EPs](/wiki/Category:Spanish-language_EPs \"Spanish-language EPs\")\n[Category:2010s Spanish\\-language albums](/wiki/Category:2010s_Spanish-language_albums \"2010s Spanish-language albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
25th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
|
{
"id": [
1063167
],
"name": [
"Spacini"
]
}
|
c3una5at54ephrbext3imxpdnx6uap9
|
2023-11-08T16:58:11Z
| 1,184,147,969 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Service",
"Detailed service",
"Commanders",
"See also",
"Notes",
"Works cited",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **25th United States Colored Infantry** was an [infantry](/wiki/Infantry \"Infantry\") [regiment](/wiki/Regiment \"Regiment\") that served in the [Union Army](/wiki/Union_Army \"Union Army\") during the [American Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War \"American Civil War\"). The regiment was composed of [African American](/wiki/African_American \"African American\") enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the [Bureau of Colored Troops](/wiki/Bureau_of_Colored_Troops \"Bureau of Colored Troops\") which was created by the [United States War Department](/wiki/United_States_War_Department \"United States War Department\") on May 22, 1863\\.\n\n",
"Service\n-------\n\nThe 25th U.S. Colored Infantry was organized at [Camp William Penn](/wiki/Camp_William_Penn \"Camp William Penn\") near [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\"), [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\") beginning January 3, 1864 for three\\-year service under the command of [Colonel](/wiki/Colonel_%28United_States%29 \"Colonel (United States)\") Gustavus A. Scroggs.\n\nThe regiment was attached to Defenses of New Orleans, Louisiana, [Department of the Gulf](/wiki/Department_of_the_Gulf \"Department of the Gulf\"), May to July 1864\\. District of Pensacola, Florida, Department of the Gulf, to October 1864\\. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, U.S. Colored Troops, Department of the Gulf, October 1864\\. 1st Brigade, District of West Florida, to January 1865\\. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, U.S. Colored Troops, District of West Florida, to February 1865\\. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, U.S. Colored Troops, District of West Florida, to April 1865\\. Unattached, District of West Florida, to July 1865\\. [Department of Florida](/wiki/Department_of_Florida \"Department of Florida\"), to December 1865\\.\n\nThe 25th U.S. Colored Infantry mustered out of service December 6, 1865\\.\n\n",
"Detailed service\n----------------\n\n[thumb\\|USCT Recruiting poster based upon an 1864 photograph of 25th USCT recruits.](/wiki/File:Come_and_Join_Us_Brothers%2C_by_the_Supervisory_Committee_For_Recruiting_Colored_Regiments.jpg \"Come and Join Us Brothers, by the Supervisory Committee For Recruiting Colored Regiments.jpg\")\nSailed for New Orleans, La., on the steamer *Suwanee* March 15, 1864 (right wing). Vessel sprung a leak off Cape Hatteras and put into harbor at Beaufort, North Carolina. Duty there in the defenses, under Gen. Wessells, until April, then proceeded to New Orleans, arriving May 1\\. Left Wing in camp at Carrollton. Duty in the Defenses of New Orleans, La., until July 1864\\. Garrison duty at Post of Barrancas, Fla. (6 companies), and at Fort Pickens, Pensacola Harbor (4 companies), until December 1865\\.\n\n",
"Commanders\n----------\n\n* Colonel Gustavus A. Scroggs\n* Colonel Frederick L. Hitchcock\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of United States Colored Troops Civil War Units](/wiki/List_of_United_States_Colored_Troops_Civil_War_Units \"List of United States Colored Troops Civil War Units\")\n* [United States Colored Troops](/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops \"United States Colored Troops\")\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"Works cited\n-----------\n\n* Dyer, Frederick H. *A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion* (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908\\.\n\nAttribution\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Photo album of officers of the 25th United States Colored Infantry in the collection of the Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010645101/)\n\n[Category:United States Colored Troops Civil War units and formations](/wiki/Category:United_States_Colored_Troops_Civil_War_units_and_formations \"United States Colored Troops Civil War units and formations\")\n[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1864 \"Military units and formations established in 1864\")\n[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_disestablished_in_1865 \"Military units and formations disestablished in 1865\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Yurammia
|
{
"id": [
90173
],
"name": [
"Neko-chan"
]
}
|
sgyicezyk97gwjprfubjkc40djdpmx3
|
2024-04-03T16:48:11Z
| 939,146,563 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Yurammia*** is a [placoderm](/wiki/Placoderm \"Placoderm\") from what is now the [Pambula River](/wiki/Pambula_River \"Pambula River\") in [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\"). Unlike all other known [phyllolepids](/wiki/Phyllolepididae \"Phyllolepididae\"), *Yurammia'*s plates had no external grooves.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Phyllolepids](/wiki/Category:Phyllolepids \"Phyllolepids\")\n[Category:Placoderms of Antarctica](/wiki/Category:Placoderms_of_Antarctica \"Placoderms of Antarctica\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Paris Aéroport
|
{
"id": [
48194964
],
"name": [
"RedaELHadfi"
]
}
|
47yzyxtvqwvi219xw06sg1s8587f6pn
|
2024-07-27T01:48:27Z
| 1,231,783,193 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Description",
"Evolution of traffic",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Paris Aéroport**, formerly **Aéroports de Paris** (**ADP**), is the passenger brand subsidiary of [Groupe ADP](/wiki/Groupe_ADP \"Groupe ADP\") which operated the airports of Paris and its region, including [Paris–Charles de Gaulle](/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport \"Charles de Gaulle Airport\"), [Paris–Orly](/wiki/Orly_Airport \"Orly Airport\") and [Paris–Le Bourget](/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Le_Bourget_Airport \"Paris–Le Bourget Airport\"). The company is headquartered at [Charles de Gaulle Airport](/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport \"Charles de Gaulle Airport\"), [Tremblay\\-en\\-France](/wiki/Tremblay-en-France \"Tremblay-en-France\"), [Seine\\-Saint\\-Denis](/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis \"Seine-Saint-Denis\"), in the [Paris metropolitan area](/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area \"Paris metropolitan area\").\"[Terms and conditions](http://www.parisaeroport.fr/en/passengers/terms-conditions).\" Paris Aéroport. Retrieved on 16 May 2018\\. \"Registered office is located at 1 rue de France 93290 Tremblay\\-en\\-France, France.\"\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nThe brand Paris Aéroport has been created on 14th April 2016 as part of a programme called *Connect 2020\\.* The plan involved creation of two new brands. One to operate the 3 Parisian international airports (Orly, Le Bourget, Charles de Gaulle) under the brand Paris Aéroport. And all other airport\\-related subsidiaries were gathered into one institutional brand, [Groupe ADP](/wiki/Groupe_ADP \"Groupe ADP\").\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\nParis Aéroport replaced the [Air France](/wiki/Air_France \"Air France\") bus shuttles from the Parisian airports to the capital with its own *[Le Bus Direct](/wiki/Le_Bus_Direct \"Le Bus Direct\")* bus shuttles fleet and added more stop points throughout Paris.\n\nParis Aéroport, as of 2017, includes restaurants run by chefs [Guy Martin](/wiki/Guy_Martin_%28chef%29 \"Guy Martin (chef)\"), [Thierry Marx](/wiki/Thierry_Marx \"Thierry Marx\"), Michel Rostang, and [Gilles Epié](/wiki/Gilles_Epi%C3%A9 \"Gilles Epié\").\n\nIn the summer of 2016, Paris Aéroport launched [yoga](/wiki/Yoga \"Yoga\") classes in its boarding terminals, seeking to reduce stress associated with flying.\n\n",
"Evolution of traffic\n--------------------\n\n| \\+ **Traffic in Paris Aéroport** |\n| --- |\n| Airport | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |\n| [Charles de Gaulle Airport](/wiki/Paris-Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport \"Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport\") | 62,052,917 | 63,813,756 | 65,766,986 | 65,933,145 | 69,471,442 |\n| [Orly Airport](/wiki/Paris-Orly_Airport \"Paris-Orly Airport\") | 28,274,154 | 28,862,586 | 29,664,993 | 31,237,865 | 32,042,475 |\n| [Le Bourget Airport](/wiki/Paris_-_Le_Bourget_Airport \"Paris - Le Bourget Airport\") | 55,471 | 55,519 | 54,688 | 53,599 | 52,935 |\n| Total | 90,382,542 | 92,731,861 | 95,486,667 | 97,224,609 | 101,566,852 |\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Groupe ADP](/wiki/Groupe_ADP \"Groupe ADP\")\n* [Paris\\-Charles de Gaulle Airport](/wiki/Paris-Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport \"Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport\")\n* [Paris\\-Orly Airport](/wiki/Paris-Orly_Airport \"Paris-Orly Airport\")\n* [Paris \\- Le Bourget Airport](/wiki/Paris_-_Le_Bourget_Airport \"Paris - Le Bourget Airport\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/)\n\n[Category:Airports in Île\\-de\\-France](/wiki/Category:Airports_in_%C3%8Ele-de-France \"Airports in Île-de-France\")\n[Category:Charles de Gaulle Airport](/wiki/Category:Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport \"Charles de Gaulle Airport\")\n[Category:Companies based in Paris](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Paris \"Companies based in Paris\")\n[Category:Transport in Paris](/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Paris \"Transport in Paris\")\n[Category:Transport companies established in 1945](/wiki/Category:Transport_companies_established_in_1945 \"Transport companies established in 1945\")\n[Category:1945 establishments in France](/wiki/Category:1945_establishments_in_France \"1945 establishments in France\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Lya
|
{
"id": [
47272718
],
"name": [
"Ike Lek"
]
}
|
opqhljehijk4zzyr466eiggt4ehfpaq
|
2024-06-21T19:51:30Z
| 1,227,585,666 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Lya"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Lya** is a female first or [given name](/wiki/Given_name \"Given name\") and is usually thought of as a variant of \"[Lia](/wiki/Lia \"Lia\")\" or \"[Leah](/wiki/Leah_%28given_name%29 \"Leah (given name)\").\" \n\nNotable people with the name include:\n\n* [Lya Barrioz](/wiki/Lya_Barrioz \"Lya Barrioz\"), Nicaraguan singer\n* [Lya De Putti](/wiki/Lya_De_Putti \"Lya De Putti\") (1899–1931\\), Hungarian actress\n* [Lya Isabel Fernández Olivares](/wiki/Lya_Isabel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Olivares \"Lya Isabel Fernández Olivares\") (born 2007\\), Mexican tennis player\n* [Lya Imber](/wiki/Lya_Imber \"Lya Imber\") (1914–1981\\), Bessarabian\\-Venezuelan pediatrician\n* [Lya Ley](/wiki/Lya_Ley \"Lya Ley\") (1899–1992\\), Austrian actress\n* [Lya Luft](/wiki/Lya_Luft \"Lya Luft\") (born 1938\\), Brazilian writer\n* [Lya Lys](/wiki/Lya_Lys \"Lya Lys\") (1908–1986\\), German American actress\n* [Lya Mara](/wiki/Lya_Mara \"Lya Mara\") (1897–1960\\), German actress\n\n"
]
}
|
Lestes patricia
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
1hxugq5f5fyhlpg9y0fwj50axbj9tgm
|
2023-12-02T20:51:54Z
| 1,183,888,149 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description and habitat",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Lestes patricia*** is a species of [damselfly](/wiki/Damselfly \"Damselfly\") in the family [Lestidae](/wiki/Lestidae \"Lestidae\"). It is native to [Western Ghats](/wiki/Western_Ghats \"Western Ghats\") in [India](/wiki/India \"India\").\n\n[Fraser](/wiki/Frederic_Charles_Fraser \"Frederic Charles Fraser\") described this species from a single male specimen collected from [Kodagu district](/wiki/Kodagu_district \"Kodagu district\") of [Karnataka](/wiki/Karnataka \"Karnataka\"). In 2020, A colony was rediscovered in the [Satara district](/wiki/Satara_district \"Satara district\") of [Maharashtra](/wiki/Maharashtra \"Maharashtra\") and specimens are deposited at [Bombay Natural History Society](/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society \"Bombay Natural History Society\") for further studies.\n\n",
"Description and habitat\n-----------------------\n\nIt is a medium sized damselfly with blue eyes. Thorax is bluish green on dorsum, changing to greenish white on the sides. The dorsum of thorax is marked with a pair of broad ante\\-humeral black stripes with straight borders. There are two pairs of tiny black spots on the lateral sides. Its abdomen is pale bluish green, marked with black. Anal appendages are black. This species can be easily distinguished from other Indian *[Lestes](/wiki/Lestes \"Lestes\")* species by the single mid\\-dorsal black band with straight borders.\n\nFile:Lestes patricia male\\-shrirambhakare1\\.jpg\\|Male (lateral view)\nFile:Lestes patricia female\\-shrirambhakare2\\.jpg\\|Female (dorsal view)\nFile:Lestes patricia female\\-shrirambhakare1\\.jpg\\|Female (lateral view)\nFile:Lestes patricia male\\-shrirambhakare5\\.jpg\\|Male (marks on thorax)\nFile:Lestes patricia female\\-shrirambhakare3\\.jpg\\|Female (marks on thorax)\nFile:Lestes patricia mating\\-shrirambhakare.jpg\\|\\[\\[Ovipositor\\|Ovipositing]] pair\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of odonates of India](/wiki/List_of_odonates_of_India \"List of odonates of India\")\n* [List of odonata of Kerala](/wiki/List_of_odonata_of_Kerala \"List of odonata of Kerala\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Lestes](/wiki/Category:Lestes \"Lestes\")\n[Category:Odonata of Asia](/wiki/Category:Odonata_of_Asia \"Odonata of Asia\")\n[Category:Insects of India](/wiki/Category:Insects_of_India \"Insects of India\")\n[Category:Insects described in 1924](/wiki/Category:Insects_described_in_1924 \"Insects described in 1924\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Frederic Charles Fraser](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Frederic_Charles_Fraser \"Taxa named by Frederic Charles Fraser\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Songzhan
|
{
"id": [
10951369
],
"name": [
"Onel5969"
]
}
|
db5si5bx8z3n3go8ps43x1b9iwzvxn1
|
2023-11-26T17:37:54Z
| 1,057,044,395 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Name",
"History",
"Economy",
"Sub-divisions",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Song Railway Station, the original of the name of Songzhan](/wiki/File:Song_Railway_Station.jpg \"Song Railway Station.jpg\")\n\n**Songzhan** is the town of [Zhaodong](/wiki/Zhaodong \"Zhaodong\"), [Suihua](/wiki/Suihua \"Suihua\"), [Heilongjiang](/wiki/Heilongjiang \"Heilongjiang\"), [China](/wiki/China \"China\"). It is located at the northwest of Zhaodong, away from Zhaodong city 30 km, and away from [Harbin](/wiki/Harbin \"Harbin\") 90 km, away from [Daqing](/wiki/Daqing \"Daqing\") 60 km. The area of Songzhan is 281 km2. The town has eight administrate villages, 64 natural villages, and it has inhabitants 42,000\\. It has inhabitants 22,000 at the town city.\n\n",
"Name\n----\n\nThe name of Songzhan is meaning [Song Railway Station](/wiki/Song_Railway_Station \"Song Railway Station\").黑龍江省地方志編纂委員會 (1998年). 黑龍江省志·地名錄. 哈爾濱: 黑龍江人民出版社. 第 463頁. It is the shortest name of railway station in China, only the station with the one\\-character name.[最長和最短的火車站名](http://www.railcn.net/international-railway/anecdotal/1473.html) When the station built up, the command of construction team is with the last name of Song(), so called it Song station. After that, near the station it became a town, so it named Songzhan(lit. *Song station*).\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nAt [Manchukuo](/wiki/Manchukuo \"Manchukuo\"), here existed the village. In 1945, it was the 7th Area of Zhaodong county. At spring of 1948, the 7th Area named Songzhan Area. In September 1951, it became Songzhan Town, under the 7th Area. In March 1956, the town be administrated directly by county. In September 1958, Xuanhua(), Ruiguang() were reconstructed with Songzhan and became Songzhan people's commune. In 1961, Xuanhua was restored. In March 1984, Songzhan restore the town.\n\n",
"Economy\n-------\n\nSongzhan is the commodity center of the north of Zhaodong, about four towns and five fields (Shangjia, Xuanhua, Anmin, Qinglong, Shiyan, Dongfeng, Sifangshan, Xianshe). It has a dairy industry that has been developed hundred years. The GDP of 2012 is 2\\.689 billion yuan, among this has 0\\.87 billion yuan comes from dairy industry.\n\n",
"Sub\\-divisions\n--------------\n\nSongzhan has eight villages:\n* Villages: Tiexi(), Xiaoguang(), Gongrong(), Leye(), Ruiguang(), Hesheng(), Wanfa(), Songzhan()\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Geography of Heilongjiang](/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Heilongjiang \"Geography of Heilongjiang\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Flushing Riverview Park
|
{
"id": [
15996738
],
"name": [
"BattyBot"
]
}
|
8rfahmxpgen7nqgjdsjy8qnugef2pc9
|
2021-01-11T15:21:00Z
| 970,083,978 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Flushing Riverview Park** is a public park along the [Flint River](/wiki/Flint_River_%28Michigan%29 \"Flint River (Michigan)\") in the city of [Flushing](/wiki/Flushing%2C_Michigan \"Flushing, Michigan\"), [Michigan](/wiki/Michigan \"Michigan\"). Riverview Park has a kayak/canoe access site into the Flint River. Along with river access, the park has a tennis court, basketball court, playgrounds, pavilions, amphitheater, walkways and open field.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe first concrete bandstand was built in the late 1940s by the Flushing Chamber of Commerce. When originally built, it did not include a cover.\n\nIn 1947, the flats area now known as Riverview Park was proposed by businessman Harrison Miller. This area once included Millpond. The Village of Flushing, along with donations by Bernard Bueche, make the park possible.\n\nTucker Memorial Pool was dedicated on July 1, 1956\\. The pool was built with money donated to the city from the will of Max Dealton Tucker, who was born in Flushing.\n\nIn 1976 for the 200th birthday of the Nation, the Flushing Bicentennial Walkway, part of the Riverview Park was completed.\n\nIn 1994, with public support, a cover was added.\n\nOn July 31, 2013, at a cost of almost $200,000, 440 new seats were installed in front of the amphitheater. These seats replaced old wooden benches. The Rotary Club of Flushing spearheaded the project\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://flushingcity.com/Default.aspx?tabid=5463)\n\n[Category:Parks in Michigan](/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Michigan \"Parks in Michigan\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Visa requirements for EFTA nationals
|
{
"id": [
17937270
],
"name": [
"Megyeye"
]
}
|
tnhrqr01yxe5nj2k6rahv9xxmln4b5i
|
2024-09-15T09:52:55Z
| 1,244,869,732 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Visa requirements maps",
"Visa free access",
"Reciprocity",
"Special requirements",
"Visa on arrival",
"Limited visa on arrival",
"Online visas",
"Prearranged visa required",
"Other",
"Non-ordinary passports",
"Non-visa restrictions",
"Passport rankings",
"Freedom of movement within EFTA and the EEA",
"Consular protection of EFTA nationals abroad",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
4,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Visa requirements for EFTA nationals** are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the [European Free Trade Association](/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association \"European Free Trade Association\") (EFTA) member states.\n\nCurrent member states of EFTA are [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\"), [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\"), [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\") and [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\").\n\nMember states' citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's territories in accordance with the EFTA convention. EFTA nationals also enjoy [freedom of movement](/wiki/Free_Movement_of_Citizens_Directive \"Free Movement of Citizens Directive\") in the [European Union](/wiki/European_Union \"European Union\") (EU). Currently, in practice, EFTA nationals and EU citizens and are not only visa\\-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. The Citizens’ Rights Directive (also sometimes called the \"Free Movement Directive\") defines the right of free movement for citizens of the [European Economic Area](/wiki/European_Economic_Area \"European Economic Area\") (EEA), which includes the three EFTA members [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\"), [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\") and [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") and [the member states of the EU](/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union \"Member state of the European Union\"). [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"), which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate [bilateral agreement](/wiki/Switzerland_and_the_European_Union \"Switzerland and the European Union\") on free movement with the EU.\n\n",
"Visa requirements maps\n----------------------\n\nFile: Visa Requirements for Icelandic Citizens.svg\\| \\[\\[Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens]]\nFile: Visa Requirements for Liechtenstein Citizens.svg\\|\\[\\[Visa requirements for Liechtenstein citizens]]\nFile: Visa requirements for Norwegian citizens.svg\\|\\[\\[Visa requirements for Norwegian citizens]]\nFile: Visa requirements for Swiss citizens.svg\\|\\[\\[Visa requirements for Swiss citizens]]\n\n",
"Visa free access\n----------------\n\nThis table lists all countries, as of this date with source information as it is cited inline, for which citizens of at least one EFTA member state may enter without a visa on an ordinary passport. Information regarding visas on arrival and on exit fees is not listed in the table, regarding which, see the relevant section below.\n\n| Africa | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 12 months. |\n| | All states.[Visa policy of Cape Verde](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Cape_Verde \"Visa policy of Cape Verde\") | | 30 days. |\n| | Norway, Switzerland. | [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\"), [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") | 30 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All others. | [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") | 14 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months within a calendar year. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months |\n| Caribbean | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 21 days (90 days for Norway). |\n| | All states. | | 90 days (30\\-day tourist cards required). |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days |\n| | All states. | | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 6 weeks. |\n| | All states. | | 1 month. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within any 180 day period. |\n| Central and North America | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 1 month for Switzerland. |\n| | All states. | | 6 months, [eTA](/wiki/Electronic_Travel_Authorization_%28Canada%29 \"Electronic Travel Authorization (Canada)\") required if arriving by air. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days (30\\-day tourist cards required). |\n| | All states. | | 180 days. |\n| | All states ([VWP](/wiki/Visa_Waiver_Program \"Visa Waiver Program\")) | | 90 days on every arrival from overseas, [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\") (issued for 2 years) required when arriving by air and cruise ship. |\n| South America | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days \\- extendable up to 180\\-days stay within a one\\-year period. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\"), [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"). | [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\"), [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") | 3 months. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days, extendable once. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days, extendable once. |\n| Asia | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"). | All others. Except short term visits in transit and [Hainan](/wiki/Hainan \"Hainan\"). | 15 days. Planned to be extended to citizens of [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\"). |\n| | All states. | | 30 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All others. | [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") | 30 days. |\n| | All states | | 60 days. |\n| | [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") | All others. | 15 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 30 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days (30 days for Iceland and Liechtenstein). |\n| | All states. | | 30 days, extendable once. |\n| | All states | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 30 days. |\n| | [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\"). | All others. | 15 days. |\n| Middle East and Caucasus | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 1 year. |\n| | All states.German citizens born before January 1, 1928 need a visa for Israel, which will be issued for free if one was not a member of the Nazi party or involved in crimes committed during the time of the Nazi Germany. | | 3 months. |\n| Europe | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | |\n| | All states. | | 5 days. Must enter through the [Minsk National Airport](/wiki/Minsk_National_Airport \"Minsk National Airport\"). |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | Freedom of movement. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | |\n| | All states. | | |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 6 months. |\n| | All states. | | |\n| Oceania | | | |\n| Country | Visa not required | Visa required | Notes |\n| | All states ([eVisitor](/wiki/EVisitor \"EVisitor\")). | | 90 days on each visit in 12\\-month period if granted. |\n| | All states. | | 4 months. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within 180 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days within any 180 day period. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All states | | 90 days. |\n| | All states. | | 90 days. |\n| | All others. | [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\") | 90 days. |\n\nAll EFTA nationals can visit the following partially recognised countries or territories with autonomous immigration policies without a visa: \n\nAsia \nEurope \n### Reciprocity\n\n[thumb\\|](/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg \"Map of the Schengen Area.svg\")\n\nThe EFTA member states are all part of the [Schengen Area](/wiki/Schengen_Area \"Schengen Area\"), an area comprising 29 [European](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\") states that have eliminated [border controls](/wiki/Border_controls \"Border controls\") with other Schengen members and strengthened border controls with non\\-Schengen countries. The Schengen area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy. Since 2001, the European Union has issued two lists regarding visas for the [Schengen Area](/wiki/Schengen_Area \"Schengen Area\"): a white list of countries whose nationals **do not** require visas (*Annex II*)As listed in Annex II of the Council Regulation 539/2001\\. and a black list of countries whose nationals **do** require visas (*Annex I*).As listed in annex I of the Council Regulation 539/2001\\. As per Regulation No 539/2001 (amended by Regulation No 1289/2013\\) reciprocity is required from all Annex II countries and territories. That means that these countries must offer visa\\-free access for 90 days to citizens of the 29 Schengen member states.\n\nWhen this is not the case, the affected Schengen member state is expected to notify the [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\"). Starting six months after the notification, the Commission may adopt an implementing act to suspend the visa\\-free regime for certain categories of nationals of the third country concerned, for a period of up to six months, with a possible prolongation by further periods of up to six months. If the Commission decides not to adopt such an act, it has to present a report explaining the reasons why it did not propose the measure. If after two years from the notification the third country is still requiring visas from citizens of one or more Member States, the Commission shall adopt a [delegated act](/wiki/Delegated_act \"Delegated act\") to re\\-impose the visa obligation on all citizens of the third country, for a period of 12 months. Either the European Parliament or the Council could oppose the entry into force of the delegated acts. All of the states that implement the common visa rules – including Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania – may notify the European Commission about non\\-compliant third states.[State of play and the possible ways forward as regards the situation of non\\-reciprocity with certain third countries in the area of visa policy](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0221), [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\"), 12 April 2016\\.\n\nAccording to a report from April 2015, the Commission dismissed notifications by both Bulgaria and Romania of a general visa requirement by Australia. It concluded that the Australian electronic visa 'manual processing' treatment should not be considered as equivalent to the Schengen visa application procedures and consequently will not be covered by the reciprocity mechanism. In its previous report, the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US [electronic visa system](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\") — such as the application fee.\nIn its previous report, the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\") system — such as the application fee — and the Australian [eVisitor](/wiki/EVisitor \"EVisitor\") system.\n\n#### Special requirements\n\nThe following countries require electronic registrations for all EFTA nationals:\n* [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eVisitor](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Australia%23Electronic_visas \"Visa policy of Australia#Electronic visas\"), which is issued free of charge.\n* [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eTA](/wiki/Electronic_Travel_Authorization_%28Canada%29 \"Electronic Travel Authorization (Canada)\"). The application fee is 7 CAD.\n* [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [NZeTA](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23NZeTA \"Visa policy of New Zealand#NZeTA\") and [IVL](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23IVL \"Visa policy of New Zealand#IVL\") if arriving by air. The application fee is NZD 9 or 12 and NZD 35\\.\n* [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\"). The application fee is US$21\\.\n\nFile:Visa policy of the Schengen Area.svg\\|Visa policy of the Schengen Area\n\n",
"### Reciprocity\n\n[thumb\\|](/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg \"Map of the Schengen Area.svg\")\n\nThe EFTA member states are all part of the [Schengen Area](/wiki/Schengen_Area \"Schengen Area\"), an area comprising 29 [European](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\") states that have eliminated [border controls](/wiki/Border_controls \"Border controls\") with other Schengen members and strengthened border controls with non\\-Schengen countries. The Schengen area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy. Since 2001, the European Union has issued two lists regarding visas for the [Schengen Area](/wiki/Schengen_Area \"Schengen Area\"): a white list of countries whose nationals **do not** require visas (*Annex II*)As listed in Annex II of the Council Regulation 539/2001\\. and a black list of countries whose nationals **do** require visas (*Annex I*).As listed in annex I of the Council Regulation 539/2001\\. As per Regulation No 539/2001 (amended by Regulation No 1289/2013\\) reciprocity is required from all Annex II countries and territories. That means that these countries must offer visa\\-free access for 90 days to citizens of the 29 Schengen member states.\n\nWhen this is not the case, the affected Schengen member state is expected to notify the [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\"). Starting six months after the notification, the Commission may adopt an implementing act to suspend the visa\\-free regime for certain categories of nationals of the third country concerned, for a period of up to six months, with a possible prolongation by further periods of up to six months. If the Commission decides not to adopt such an act, it has to present a report explaining the reasons why it did not propose the measure. If after two years from the notification the third country is still requiring visas from citizens of one or more Member States, the Commission shall adopt a [delegated act](/wiki/Delegated_act \"Delegated act\") to re\\-impose the visa obligation on all citizens of the third country, for a period of 12 months. Either the European Parliament or the Council could oppose the entry into force of the delegated acts. All of the states that implement the common visa rules – including Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania – may notify the European Commission about non\\-compliant third states.[State of play and the possible ways forward as regards the situation of non\\-reciprocity with certain third countries in the area of visa policy](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0221), [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\"), 12 April 2016\\.\n\nAccording to a report from April 2015, the Commission dismissed notifications by both Bulgaria and Romania of a general visa requirement by Australia. It concluded that the Australian electronic visa 'manual processing' treatment should not be considered as equivalent to the Schengen visa application procedures and consequently will not be covered by the reciprocity mechanism. In its previous report, the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US [electronic visa system](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\") — such as the application fee.\nIn its previous report, the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\") system — such as the application fee — and the Australian [eVisitor](/wiki/EVisitor \"EVisitor\") system.\n\n#### Special requirements\n\nThe following countries require electronic registrations for all EFTA nationals:\n* [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eVisitor](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Australia%23Electronic_visas \"Visa policy of Australia#Electronic visas\"), which is issued free of charge.\n* [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eTA](/wiki/Electronic_Travel_Authorization_%28Canada%29 \"Electronic Travel Authorization (Canada)\"). The application fee is 7 CAD.\n* [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [NZeTA](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23NZeTA \"Visa policy of New Zealand#NZeTA\") and [IVL](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23IVL \"Visa policy of New Zealand#IVL\") if arriving by air. The application fee is NZD 9 or 12 and NZD 35\\.\n* [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\"). The application fee is US$21\\.\n\nFile:Visa policy of the Schengen Area.svg\\|Visa policy of the Schengen Area\n\n",
"#### Special requirements\n\nThe following countries require electronic registrations for all EFTA nationals:\n* [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eVisitor](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Australia%23Electronic_visas \"Visa policy of Australia#Electronic visas\"), which is issued free of charge.\n* [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [eTA](/wiki/Electronic_Travel_Authorization_%28Canada%29 \"Electronic Travel Authorization (Canada)\"). The application fee is 7 CAD.\n* [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [NZeTA](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23NZeTA \"Visa policy of New Zealand#NZeTA\") and [IVL](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand%23IVL \"Visa policy of New Zealand#IVL\") if arriving by air. The application fee is NZD 9 or 12 and NZD 35\\.\n* [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") requires EFTA nationals to obtain an [ESTA](/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization \"Electronic System for Travel Authorization\"). The application fee is US$21\\.\n\nFile:Visa policy of the Schengen Area.svg\\|Visa policy of the Schengen Area\n\n",
"Visa on arrival\n---------------\n\nThe following countries provide visa on arrival to EFTA nationals. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points.\n\n| Visa on arrivalfor citizensof all EFTA states | Notes |\n| --- | --- |\n| | 14 days. BD 25\\. |\n| Available at [Shahjalal International Airport](/wiki/Shahjalal_International_Airport \"Shahjalal International Airport\"), [Shah Amanat International Airport](/wiki/Shah_Amanat_International_Airport \"Shah Amanat International Airport\") and [Osmani International Airport](/wiki/Osmani_International_Airport \"Osmani International Airport\") only. | 30 days. Fees vary per country.Extensions are possible. |\n| | 1 month, extension possible.XOF 47,000 to XOF 61,000\\. |\n| | 30 days. USD 20\\. |\n| Obtainable at [Nelson Mandela International Airport](/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_International_Airport \"Nelson Mandela International Airport\"), [Cesária Évora Airport](/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_Airport \"Cesária Évora Airport\"), [Amílcar Cabral International Airport](/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_International_Airport \"Amílcar Cabral International Airport\") and [Aristides Pereira International Airport](/wiki/Aristides_Pereira_International_Airport \"Aristides Pereira International Airport\"). | EUR 25\\. |\n| | 50 USD. EUR 30\\. |\n| Obtainable at [Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport](/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Ambouli_International_Airport \"Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport\"). | 1 month. EUR 75\\. |\n| Visa not required for up to 15 days in Sinai resorts. | 30 days. USD 25\\. |\n| | 90 days. EUR 85\\. |\n| | 30 days. USD 35\\. |\n| Obtainable at the airports in [Chah\\-Bahar](/wiki/Chah-Bahar \"Chah-Bahar\"), [Qeshm](/wiki/Qeshm \"Qeshm\"), [Kish](/wiki/Kish_Island \"Kish Island\"), [Mashad](/wiki/Mashad \"Mashad\"), [Esfahan](/wiki/Esfahan \"Esfahan\"), [Shiraz](/wiki/Shiraz \"Shiraz\"), [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz \"Tabriz\") and [Tehran](/wiki/Tehran \"Tehran\") international airports. | 30 days. EUR 30–80\\. |\n| Visa on arrival obtainable at most international ports of entry and at most international land border crossings (except [King Hussein/Allenby Bridge](/wiki/Allenby_Bridge \"Allenby Bridge\") crossing). | 30 days. Free of charge. |\n| | 3 months, extendable once. USD 50\\. |\n| | 3 months. KWD 3\\. |\n| Available at international airports [Wattay Vientiane](/wiki/Wattay_International_Airport \"Wattay International Airport\"), [Pakse Savannakhet](/wiki/Pakse_International_Airport \"Pakse International Airport\") and [Luang Prabang](/wiki/Luang_Prabang_International_Airport \"Luang Prabang International Airport\"), and at land borders Friendship Bridge, Vientiane and Savannakhet; Nam Heuang Friendship Bridge, Sayabouly Province; and border crossings at Boten\\-Mohan, Dansavan\\-Lao Bao, Houaysay\\-Chiang Khong, Thakhek\\-Nakhon Phanom, Nong Haet\\-Nam Kan, Nam Phao\\-Kao Cheo, Veun Kham\\-Dong Calor, and Vangtao\\-Chong Mek as well as Tha Naleng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkhai, Thailand. Entry points Napao\\-Chalo, Taichang\\-Sophoun, Pakxan\\-Bungkan, and Xiengkok are open only to visa holders. | 30 days. USD 30\\. |\n| Obtainable at the land border with [Syria](/wiki/Syria \"Syria\"), the port of [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut \"Beirut\"), or [Beirut International Airport](/wiki/Beirut_International_Airport \"Beirut International Airport\"). | 1 month extendable for 2 additional months. |\n| | 30 days. Free of charge. |\n| | 30 days. Extendable up to 90 days. Fees vary. |\n| | 30 days. Free of charge. Extendable up to 90 days, MVR 750\\. |\n| | |\n| | 30 days, extendable up to 60 days. |\n| Obtainable at [Tribhuvan International Airport](/wiki/Tribhuvan_International_Airport \"Tribhuvan International Airport\") and certain land borders. | 90 days. USD 25\\-100\\. |\n| | 3 months. OMR 5\\-20\\. |\n| | 60 days. Free of charge. |\n| | 59 days. USD 50\\. |\n| Available only at [Doha International Airport](/wiki/Doha_International_Airport \"Doha International Airport\"). | 1 month. QAR 50\\-150\\. |\n| ETA obtainable on arrival or online prior to arrival. | 30 days, extendable up to 150 days. Fees vary. |\n| Obtainable at [Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport](/wiki/Johan_Adolf_Pengel_International_Airport \"Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport\"). | 90 days. USD 20\\. |\n| | USD 50 \\- USD 100\\. |\n| | 7 days, extendable for 90 days.XOF 10,000\\-90,000\\. |\n| | USD 100\\. |\n| | 90 days. USD 50 \\- USD 80\\. |\n| | 3 months. USD 30 \\- USD 70\\. |\n\n| Visa on arrival available to the citizens of some EFTA countries. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points. | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Country | Visa on arrival available to citizens of | Notes |\n| Obtainable at [Addis Ababa Bole International Airport](/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Bole_International_Airport \"Addis Ababa Bole International Airport\"). | Norway, Switzerland | USD 20\\. |\n| | Iceland, Norway, Switzerland | USD 100 |\n\n",
"Limited visa on arrival\n-----------------------\n\n* \\- Visas are issued on arrival if an Entry Authorisation letter was issued by the authorities of Burundi.\n* – Holders of ordinary passports of all EFTA member states except Switzerland may obtain a visa on arrival for [Iraqi Kurdistan](/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan \"Iraqi Kurdistan\") valid for 15 days when arriving through the [Erbil International Airport](/wiki/Erbil_International_Airport \"Erbil International Airport\") or [Sulaimaniyah International Airport](/wiki/Sulaimaniyah_International_Airport \"Sulaimaniyah International Airport\").\n* \\- Nationals from Norway and Switzerland may obtain visa on arrival when travelling on business. They must have a local sponsor who must obtain an approval from the immigration authorities at the port of arrival (Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta or Karachi airports) and a recommendation letter from country of residence or invitation letter from Pakistan. Nationals of Iceland and Norway may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days, if they are travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.\n* \\- Visas are issued on arrival for 30 days (extendable once) provided an invitation letter issued by the sponsor has been submitted to the Airport Immigration Department at least 2 days before arrival.\n* \\- Visitors can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 1 or 3 months if they are holders of an approval letter issued and stamped by the Vietnamese Immigration Department (obtainable online through travel agencies for a fee) and if arriving only at airports in [Hanoi](/wiki/Hanoi \"Hanoi\"), [Ho Chi Minh City](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City \"Ho Chi Minh City\") or [Da Nang](/wiki/Da_Nang \"Da Nang\"). All travellers can visit [Phú Quốc](/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Qu%E1%BB%91c \"Phú Quốc\") without a visa for up to 30 days.\n",
"Online visas\n------------\n\nThe following countries provide electronic visas to EFTA nationals.\n\n| Electronic visas available tocitizens of the EFTA states | Notes |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals.Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to citizens of Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to the citizens of Norway. However, Norwegian citizens do not require a visa for visits up to 15 days. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n| | Available to all EFTA nationals. Visa on arrival also available. |\n\n",
"Prearranged visa required\n-------------------------\n\nAll EFTA citizens must always arrange the visa prior to travel to (as of March 2017\\) the following countries.\n\n| Prearranged visa requiredfor citizensof all EFTA states | Notes |\n| --- | --- |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | Can be obtained in travel agencies or airlines. |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | Outside [Iraqi Kurdistan](/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan \"Iraqi Kurdistan\") |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | 15 days visa\\-free within the territory covered by the agreement for holders of a border traffic permit. (Eligible inhabitants of the border regions in Norway and Russia). |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n\n",
"Other\n-----\n\n* – All EFTA nationals are afforded 24\\-hour visa\\-free transit. Further, citizens of [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\") and [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\") (and [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") – however, Swiss citizens are also afforded 15 days visa free visits) transiting through [People's Republic of China](/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\") at one of 31 ports may leave the terminal and visit the city for up to 72 hours, these ports include– [Beijing](/wiki/Beijing \"Beijing\"), [Chengdu](/wiki/Chengdu \"Chengdu\"), [Guangzhou](/wiki/Guangzhou \"Guangzhou\") and [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\"). Visa\\-free access to [Hainan Island](/wiki/Hainan_Island \"Hainan Island\") as long as the visit lasts 15 days or less and is part of a tour group organised by a National Tourism Administration of China\\-approved travel agency based in [Hainan](/wiki/Hainan \"Hainan\") is granted to the following EFTA nationals \\- Iceland, [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\") and [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\").\n* – Simplified visa procedure for citizens of [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\") and [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\"). Unlike other visitors, they do not have to submit a criminal record certificate and a certificate of medical fitness together with visa application.\n* \\- all EFTA nationals are eligible for eVisa access to [Kaliningrad Oblast](/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast \"Kaliningrad Oblast\") for up to 8 days.\n* – Simplified visa procedure that waives invitation letter requirement is in force for the citizens of [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\").\n* / \\- a universal KAZA visa that is valid for both countries can be issued on arrival to citizens of all EFTA member states.\n* / / \\- an East Africa Borderless Visa: Travelers from any country can obtain a multiple entry visa that allows entry to these three countries for tourism over period of 90 days. Visa must be first used in the country that issued it.\n",
"Non\\-ordinary passports\n-----------------------\n\nIn addition to visa requirements for normal passport holders certain countries have specific visa requirements towards diplomatic and various official passport holders:\n\n| \\+ Visa\\-free access for holders of various categories of official passports |\n| --- |\n|Country\n\n Visa\\-free access |\n|\n\n **Russia** (diplomatic passports) |\n|\n\n **Russia** (diplomatic passports), **Thailand** (diplomatic or official passports), |\n|\n\n **Azerbaijan** (diplomatic passports), **India** (diplomatic passports), **Kazakhstan** (diplomatic passports), **Mexico** (diplomatic, official or service passports), **Pakistan** (diplomatic passports), **Philippines** (diplomatic, official or service passports), **Russia** (diplomatic passports), **Turkey** (diplomatic passports) |\n|\n\n **Algeria** (diplomatic or official passports), **Angola** (diplomatic passports), **China** (diplomatic passports), **Cuba** (diplomatic passports), **India** (diplomatic passports), **Indonesia** (diplomatic or service passports), **Iran** (diplomatic passports), **Kazakhstan** (diplomatic passports), **Kuwait** (diplomatic or official passports), **Qatar** (diplomatic or official passports), **Russia** (diplomatic passports), **Thailand** (diplomatic or official passports), **Vietnam** (diplomatic passports) |\n\n[Cape Verde](/wiki/Cape_Verde \"Cape Verde\"), [Ethiopia](/wiki/Ethiopia \"Ethiopia\"), [Mali](/wiki/Mali \"Mali\") and [Zimbabwe](/wiki/Zimbabwe \"Zimbabwe\") grant visa\\-free access to holders of diplomatic or service passports issued to nationals of any country. [Mauritania](/wiki/Mauritania \"Mauritania\") and [Senegal](/wiki/Senegal \"Senegal\") grant visa\\-free access to holders of diplomatic passports issued to nationals of any country (except Italy for Mauritania). [Bahrain](/wiki/Bahrain \"Bahrain\"), [Bangladesh](/wiki/Bangladesh \"Bangladesh\"), [Burkina Faso](/wiki/Burkina_Faso \"Burkina Faso\"), [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") and [South Sudan](/wiki/South_Sudan \"South Sudan\") allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival.\n\n",
"Non\\-visa restrictions\n----------------------\n\n",
"Passport rankings\n-----------------\n\nPassport rankings by the number of countries and territories their holders could visit without a visa or by obtaining visa on arrival were as follows: [Swiss](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Swiss_citizens \"Visa requirements for Swiss citizens\") — 186 countries and territories (ranked 6th) [Norwegian](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Norwegian_citizens \"Visa requirements for Norwegian citizens\") — 185 (7th); [Icelandic](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Icelandic_citizens \"Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens\") — 180 (12th), and [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Liechtenstein_citizens \"Visa requirements for Liechtenstein citizens\") — 178 (14th), according to the [Henley Passport Index](/wiki/Visa_%28document%29%23Visa_restrictions \"Visa (document)#Visa restrictions\").\n\nFile:Icelandic\\_Passport\\_Front\\_Cover.jpg\\|\\[\\[Icelandic passport]]\nFile:FürstentumLiechtensteinReisepassCover.jpg\\|\\[\\[Liechtenstein passport]]\nFile:Norwegian Passport, New Design.jpg\\|\\[\\[Norwegian passport]]\nFile:Schweizer Pass 22\\.jpg\\|\\[\\[Swiss passport]]\n\n",
"Freedom of movement within EFTA and the EEA\n-------------------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|Members of the EU (blue) and EFTA (green)](/wiki/File:EU_and_EFTA.svg \"EU and EFTA.svg\")\n\nEFTA member states' citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's territories in accordance with the EFTA convention. EFTA nationals also enjoy [freedom of movement](/wiki/Free_Movement_of_Citizens_Directive \"Free Movement of Citizens Directive\") in the [European Union](/wiki/European_Union \"European Union\") (EU). EFTA nationals and EU citizens and are not only visa\\-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. The **Citizens’ Rights Directive** (also sometimes called the \"Free Movement Directive\") defines the right of free movement for citizens of the [European Economic Area](/wiki/European_Economic_Area \"European Economic Area\") (EEA), which includes the three EFTA members [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland \"Iceland\"), [Norway](/wiki/Norway \"Norway\") and [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") and [the member states of the EU](/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union \"Member state of the European Union\"). [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"), which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate [bilateral agreement](/wiki/Switzerland_and_the_European_Union \"Switzerland and the European Union\") on free movement with the EU.\n\nAs a result, de facto, a citizen of an EFTA country can live and work in all the other EFTA countries and in all the EU countries, and a citizen of an EU country can live and work in all the EFTA countries (but for voting and working in sensitive fields, such as government / police / military, citizenship is often required, and non\\-citizens may not have the same rights to welfare and unemployment benefits as citizens).\n\nAs an alternative to holding a passport, a valid [national identity card](/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area \"National identity cards in the European Economic Area\") can also be used to exercise the right of free movement within EFTA and the EU/EEA Travellers should still bring a [passport](/wiki/Passport \"Passport\") or [national identity card](/wiki/National_identity_card \"National identity card\"), as one may be required. Strictly speaking, it is not necessary for an EEA or Swiss citizen to possess a valid passport or [national identity card](/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area \"National identity cards in the European Economic Area\") to enter the EEA or Switzerland. In theory, if an EEA or Swiss citizen outside of both the EEA and Switzerland can prove his/her nationality by any other means (e.g. by presenting an expired passport or national identity card, or a citizenship certificate), he/she must be permitted to enter the EEA or Switzerland. An EEA or Swiss citizen who is unable to demonstrate his/her nationality satisfactorily must nonetheless be given 'every reasonable opportunity' to obtain the necessary documents or to have them delivered within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.Article 6\\.3\\.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards ([C (2006\\) 5186](http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/06/st15/st15010.en06.pdf))Judgement of the [European Court of Justice](/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice \"European Court of Justice\") [of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Ministervoor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62003CJ0215:EN:HTML)\n\nHowever, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a \"genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society\".Article 27 of [Directive 2004/38/EC](/wiki/Directive_2004/38/EC \"Directive 2004/38/EC\") ([Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0038:EN:NOT)). If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her on *serious* grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her on *imperative* grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the [Convention on the Rights of the Child](/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child \"Convention on the Rights of the Child\")).Article 28 of [Directive 2004/38/EC](/wiki/Directive_2004/38/EC \"Directive 2004/38/EC\") ([Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0038:EN:NOT)). Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.Article 29 of [Directive 2004/38/EC](/wiki/Directive_2004/38/EC \"Directive 2004/38/EC\") ([Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0038:EN:NOT)).\n\nA family member of an EEA/Swiss citizen who is in possession of a [residence permit indicating their status](/wiki/Residence_card_of_a_family_member_of_a_Union_citizen \"Residence card of a family member of a Union citizen\") is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa when entering the European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EEA/Swiss family member or are seeking to join them.Articles 3(1\\) and 5(2\\) of the [Directive 2004/38/EC](/wiki/Directive_2004/38/EC \"Directive 2004/38/EC\") ([Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0038:EN:NOT)). However the UK requires family members to obtain a special permit in order to enter the United Kingdom. Non\\-EEA family members will need a Schengen Visa before they travel to Switzerland even if they possess a UK residence permit that clearly mentions that they are the family member of an EEA citizen.\n\n",
"Consular protection of EFTA nationals abroad\n--------------------------------------------\n\nWhen in a foreign country, Norwegian and Icelandic citizens can seek help from [the mission of any of the Nordic countries](/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Nordic_countries \"List of diplomatic missions of the Nordic countries\") if their own country does not have a diplomatic mission in the country they are visiting. This is according to the [Helsinki Treaty](/wiki/Helsinki_Treaty \"Helsinki Treaty\"), which state that public officials in the foreign services of any of the [Nordic countries](/wiki/Nordic_countries \"Nordic countries\") are to assist citizens of another Nordic country if that country is not represented in the territory concerned.Article 34 of the [Helsinky Treaty](/wiki/Helsinki_Treaty \"Helsinki Treaty\") ([Article 34 p. 8](http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:702145/FULLTEXT01.pdf))\n\nThe Principality of [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") maintains a very small network of diplomatic missions. Switzerland is representing Liechtenstein in those countries wherein Liechtenstein itself does not maintain consular representation.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Passports of the EFTA member states](/wiki/Passports_of_the_EFTA_member_states \"Passports of the EFTA member states\")\n* [Visa policy of the Schengen Area](/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area \"Visa policy of the Schengen Area\")\n* [Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Icelandic_citizens \"Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens\")\n* [Visa requirements for Liechtenstein citizens](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Liechtenstein_citizens \"Visa requirements for Liechtenstein citizens\")\n* [Visa requirements for Norwegian citizens](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Norwegian_citizens \"Visa requirements for Norwegian citizens\")\n* [Visa requirements for Swiss citizens](/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Swiss_citizens \"Visa requirements for Swiss citizens\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Timatic service giving subscribers up\\-to\\-date information on visa requirements](https://www.timaticweb.com)\n\n[Category:Foreign relations of Iceland](/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Iceland \"Foreign relations of Iceland\")\n[Category:Foreign relations of Liechtenstein](/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Liechtenstein \"Foreign relations of Liechtenstein\")\n[Category:Foreign relations of Norway](/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Norway \"Foreign relations of Norway\")\n[Category:Foreign relations of Switzerland](/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland \"Foreign relations of Switzerland\")\n\n[Category:Member states of the European Free Trade Association](/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_European_Free_Trade_Association \"Member states of the European Free Trade Association\")\n[Category:European Economic Area](/wiki/Category:European_Economic_Area \"European Economic Area\")\n[EFTA nationals](/wiki/Category:Visa_requirements_by_nationality \"Visa requirements by nationality\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Centrolepis curta
|
{
"id": [
44217690
],
"name": [
"Panamitsu"
]
}
|
6ludd1h4eq4pf1x68cm5crgjkabo31o
|
2024-07-31T08:07:41Z
| 1,009,829,541 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Centrolepis curta*** is a species of plant in the [Restionaceae](/wiki/Restionaceae \"Restionaceae\") family and is found in Western Australia.\n\nThe dwarf, annual herb forms rounded tufts approximately in width. It blooms between May and August.\n\nIt is found on alluvial flats and damp areas of seepage in the [Kimberley](/wiki/Kimberley_%28Western_Australia%29 \"Kimberley (Western Australia)\") region of Western Australia where it grows in damp sandy\\-loam soils.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[curta](/wiki/Category:Centrolepis \"Centrolepis\")\n[Category:Plants described in 1992](/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1992 \"Plants described in 1992\")\n[Category:Flora of Western Australia](/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Western_Australia \"Flora of Western Australia\")\n[Category:Poales of Australia](/wiki/Category:Poales_of_Australia \"Poales of Australia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Mateo Barać
|
{
"id": [
1189543
],
"name": [
"Simeon"
]
}
|
mq7z5w64dlb3kbpcair9bnuur1mq0m9
|
2024-09-29T18:31:39Z
| 1,234,143,716 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"Early career",
"NK Šibenik",
"Osijek",
"Rapid Wien",
"Sochi",
"Krylia Sovetov Samara",
"Loan to Oostende",
"Aktobe",
"Career statistics",
"Club",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
4,
3,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mateo Barać** (; born 20 July 1994\\) is a [Croatian](/wiki/Croatia \"Croatia\") football [defender](/wiki/Defender_%28association_football%29 \"Defender (association football)\") who plays for Kazakhstani club [Aktobe](/wiki/FC_Aktobe \"FC Aktobe\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\n### Early career\n\nBorn and raised in [Sinj](/wiki/Sinj \"Sinj\"), Barać started his youth career at the local [Junak Sinj](/wiki/NK_Junak_Sinj \"NK Junak Sinj\"). At the age of 17 he joined the [Hajduk Split youth academy](/wiki/HNK_Hajduk_Split_Academy \"HNK Hajduk Split Academy\"), winning the national U\\-19 championship with the club, but did not receive a professional contract at the end of his academy period, so he returned to third\\-tier [Junak](/wiki/NK_Junak_Sinj \"NK Junak Sinj\").[Mateo Barać otkrio kako mu je propao transfer u Ajax te priznao: Drago mi je kad Hajduk pobjeđuje \\- osim protiv Osijeka](https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/hajduk/mateo-barac-otkrio-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-u-ajax-te-priznao-drago-mi-je-kad-hajduk-pobjeduje-osim-protiv-osijeka-505942) at Slobodna Dalmacija\n\nFollowing his first senior\\-level season playing in his hometown, he signed a three\\-year contract with the [Swiss](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") second\\-tier team [FC Wohlen](/wiki/FC_Wohlen \"FC Wohlen\") in July 2014,[FC Wohlen rüstet auf: Geissmann bleibt definitiv, Barac und Xhema kommen](https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/sport/aargau/fc-wohlen-rustet-auf-geissmann-bleibt-definitiv-barac-und-xhema-kommen-ld.1847110) at Aargauer Zeitung but his contract was rescinded the following month as Barać couldn't get a Swiss work permit.[Schönenberger und Barac verlassen Leader Wohlen](https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schoenenberger-und-barac-verlassen-leader-wohlen-925392856263) at Aargauer Zeitung\n\nBarać then moved back to [Croatia](/wiki/Croatia \"Croatia\"), signing with second\\-tier [Hrvatski Dragovoljac](/wiki/NK_Hrvatski_Dragovoljac \"NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac\") for the remainder of the season, but missed most of it due to injury.[SAMO JE JEDNOM NASTUPIO ZA VATRENE, A SAD JE PONOVNO NA NASLOVNICAMA! Velika nada briljira u susjedstvu, a za SN otkriva kako mu je propao transfer...](https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/nogomet-mix/samo-je-jednom-nastupio-za-vatrene-a-sad-je-ponovno-na-naslovnicama-velika-nada-briljira-u-susjedstvu-a-za-sn-otkriva-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-9446747) at Sportske Novosti\n\n### NK Šibenik\n\nBarać joined second\\-tier [Šibenik](/wiki/HNK_%C5%A0ibenik \"HNK Šibenik\") in the summer of 2015, which was at the time coached by Mirko Labrović, his fellow native from Sinj, playing regularly and almost qualifying for the first tier.[Mateo Barać otkrio kako mu je propao transfer u Ajax te priznao: Drago mi je kad Hajduk pobjeđuje \\- osim protiv Osijeka](https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/hajduk/mateo-barac-otkrio-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-u-ajax-te-priznao-drago-mi-je-kad-hajduk-pobjeduje-osim-protiv-osijeka-505942) at Slobodna Dalmacija\n\n### Osijek\n\nOn 1 July 2016, Barać joined [Osijek](/wiki/NK_Osijek \"NK Osijek\") for an undisclosed fee. Impressive display in the first half of the\n[Prva Liga](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2016–17 Croatian First Football League\") earned him a call\\-up for [Croatian](/wiki/Croatian_national_football_team \"Croatian national football team\") A team for 2017 [China Cup](/wiki/China_Cup \"China Cup\"). On 3 August 2017, Osijek defeated the Dutch giants [PSV Eindhoven](/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven \"PSV Eindhoven\") in the third qualifying round of the [2017–18 UEFA Europa League](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Europa_League \"2017–18 UEFA Europa League\") with a 2\\-0 aggregate win. Many labeled Barać as the key member of the historic victory and [Ajax](/wiki/AFC_Ajax \"AFC Ajax\") eventually made a 2\\.5 million euros transfer bid. Osijek and Barać accepted, however the transfer was stopped due to Barać's heart issues revealed on the medical tests.\n\n### Rapid Wien\n\nOn 12 July 2018, he joined [Rapid Wien](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\") for a fee of €1,300,000\\.\n\n### Sochi\n\nOn 19 June 2021, he moved to Russian club [Sochi](/wiki/PFC_Sochi \"PFC Sochi\") as a free agent.\n\n### Krylia Sovetov Samara\n\nOn 19 February 2022, he was loaned to [Krylia Sovetov Samara](/wiki/PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara \"PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara\") until the end of the season with an option to buy.\n\nOn 31 May 2022, Barać moved to Krylia Sovetov on a permanent basis and signed a two\\-year contract.\n\n#### Loan to Oostende\n\nOn 31 January 2023, Barać joined [Oostende](/wiki/K.V._Oostende \"K.V. Oostende\") in Belgium on loan until the end of the season, with an option to buy.\n\n### Aktobe\n\nOn 9 February 2024, Krylia Sovetov announced Barać's transfer to [Aktobe](/wiki/FC_Aktobe \"FC Aktobe\") in Kazakhstan.\n\n",
"### Early career\n\nBorn and raised in [Sinj](/wiki/Sinj \"Sinj\"), Barać started his youth career at the local [Junak Sinj](/wiki/NK_Junak_Sinj \"NK Junak Sinj\"). At the age of 17 he joined the [Hajduk Split youth academy](/wiki/HNK_Hajduk_Split_Academy \"HNK Hajduk Split Academy\"), winning the national U\\-19 championship with the club, but did not receive a professional contract at the end of his academy period, so he returned to third\\-tier [Junak](/wiki/NK_Junak_Sinj \"NK Junak Sinj\").[Mateo Barać otkrio kako mu je propao transfer u Ajax te priznao: Drago mi je kad Hajduk pobjeđuje \\- osim protiv Osijeka](https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/hajduk/mateo-barac-otkrio-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-u-ajax-te-priznao-drago-mi-je-kad-hajduk-pobjeduje-osim-protiv-osijeka-505942) at Slobodna Dalmacija\n\nFollowing his first senior\\-level season playing in his hometown, he signed a three\\-year contract with the [Swiss](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") second\\-tier team [FC Wohlen](/wiki/FC_Wohlen \"FC Wohlen\") in July 2014,[FC Wohlen rüstet auf: Geissmann bleibt definitiv, Barac und Xhema kommen](https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/sport/aargau/fc-wohlen-rustet-auf-geissmann-bleibt-definitiv-barac-und-xhema-kommen-ld.1847110) at Aargauer Zeitung but his contract was rescinded the following month as Barać couldn't get a Swiss work permit.[Schönenberger und Barac verlassen Leader Wohlen](https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schoenenberger-und-barac-verlassen-leader-wohlen-925392856263) at Aargauer Zeitung\n\nBarać then moved back to [Croatia](/wiki/Croatia \"Croatia\"), signing with second\\-tier [Hrvatski Dragovoljac](/wiki/NK_Hrvatski_Dragovoljac \"NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac\") for the remainder of the season, but missed most of it due to injury.[SAMO JE JEDNOM NASTUPIO ZA VATRENE, A SAD JE PONOVNO NA NASLOVNICAMA! Velika nada briljira u susjedstvu, a za SN otkriva kako mu je propao transfer...](https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/nogomet-mix/samo-je-jednom-nastupio-za-vatrene-a-sad-je-ponovno-na-naslovnicama-velika-nada-briljira-u-susjedstvu-a-za-sn-otkriva-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-9446747) at Sportske Novosti\n\n",
"### NK Šibenik\n\nBarać joined second\\-tier [Šibenik](/wiki/HNK_%C5%A0ibenik \"HNK Šibenik\") in the summer of 2015, which was at the time coached by Mirko Labrović, his fellow native from Sinj, playing regularly and almost qualifying for the first tier.[Mateo Barać otkrio kako mu je propao transfer u Ajax te priznao: Drago mi je kad Hajduk pobjeđuje \\- osim protiv Osijeka](https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/hajduk/mateo-barac-otkrio-kako-mu-je-propao-transfer-u-ajax-te-priznao-drago-mi-je-kad-hajduk-pobjeduje-osim-protiv-osijeka-505942) at Slobodna Dalmacija\n\n",
"### Osijek\n\nOn 1 July 2016, Barać joined [Osijek](/wiki/NK_Osijek \"NK Osijek\") for an undisclosed fee. Impressive display in the first half of the\n[Prva Liga](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2016–17 Croatian First Football League\") earned him a call\\-up for [Croatian](/wiki/Croatian_national_football_team \"Croatian national football team\") A team for 2017 [China Cup](/wiki/China_Cup \"China Cup\"). On 3 August 2017, Osijek defeated the Dutch giants [PSV Eindhoven](/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven \"PSV Eindhoven\") in the third qualifying round of the [2017–18 UEFA Europa League](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Europa_League \"2017–18 UEFA Europa League\") with a 2\\-0 aggregate win. Many labeled Barać as the key member of the historic victory and [Ajax](/wiki/AFC_Ajax \"AFC Ajax\") eventually made a 2\\.5 million euros transfer bid. Osijek and Barać accepted, however the transfer was stopped due to Barać's heart issues revealed on the medical tests.\n\n",
"### Rapid Wien\n\nOn 12 July 2018, he joined [Rapid Wien](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\") for a fee of €1,300,000\\.\n\n",
"### Sochi\n\nOn 19 June 2021, he moved to Russian club [Sochi](/wiki/PFC_Sochi \"PFC Sochi\") as a free agent.\n\n",
"### Krylia Sovetov Samara\n\nOn 19 February 2022, he was loaned to [Krylia Sovetov Samara](/wiki/PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara \"PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara\") until the end of the season with an option to buy.\n\nOn 31 May 2022, Barać moved to Krylia Sovetov on a permanent basis and signed a two\\-year contract.\n\n#### Loan to Oostende\n\nOn 31 January 2023, Barać joined [Oostende](/wiki/K.V._Oostende \"K.V. Oostende\") in Belgium on loan until the end of the season, with an option to buy.\n\n",
"#### Loan to Oostende\n\nOn 31 January 2023, Barać joined [Oostende](/wiki/K.V._Oostende \"K.V. Oostende\") in Belgium on loan until the end of the season, with an option to buy.\n\n",
"### Aktobe\n\nOn 9 February 2024, Krylia Sovetov announced Barać's transfer to [Aktobe](/wiki/FC_Aktobe \"FC Aktobe\") in Kazakhstan.\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n### Club\n\n| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n| [Hrvatski Dragovoljac](/wiki/NK_Hrvatski_Dragovoljac \"NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac\") | [2014–15](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Croatian_Second_Football_League \"2014–15 Croatian Second Football League\") | [Druga HNL](/wiki/Croatian_Second_Football_League \"Croatian Second Football League\") | 3 | 0 |——— 3 | 0 |\n| [Šibenik](/wiki/HNK_%C5%A0ibenik \"HNK Šibenik\") | [2015–16](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Croatian_Second_Football_League \"2015–16 Croatian Second Football League\") | Druga HNL | 26 | 3 | 2 | 0 |—— 28 | 3 |\n|[Osijek](/wiki/NK_Osijek \"NK Osijek\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2016–17 Croatian First Football League\") |\n [Prva HNL](/wiki/Croatian_First_Football_League \"Croatian First Football League\") |\n 24 | 1 | 4 | 0 |—— 28 | 1 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2017–18 Croatian First Football League\") | Prva HNL | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |— 34 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 50 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 |— 62 | 1 |\n|[Rapid Wien](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\")\n\n [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2018–19 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") |\n [Austrian Bundesliga](/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"Austrian Football Bundesliga\") |\n 12 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 |— 25 | 0 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2019–20 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") | Austrian Bundesliga | 18 | 3 | 2 | 1 |—— 20 | 4 |\n| [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2020–21 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") | Austrian Bundesliga | 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |— 35 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 57 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 4 |\n| [Rapid Wien II](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\") | [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Austrian_Football_Second_League \"2020–21 Austrian Football Second League\") | [2\\. Liga](/wiki/2._Liga_%28Austria%29 \"2. Liga (Austria)\") | 1 | 0 |——— 1 | 0 |\n| [Sochi](/wiki/PFC_Sochi \"PFC Sochi\") | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Russian_Premier_League \"2021–22 Russian Premier League\") | [Russian Premier League](/wiki/Russian_Premier_League \"Russian Premier League\") | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |— 14 | 0 |\n| [Krylia Sovetov Samara](/wiki/PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara \"PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara\") (loan) | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara_season \"2021–22 PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara season\") | Russian Premier League | 6 | 1 |——— 6 | 1 |\n|Krylia Sovetov Samara\n\n [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Russian_Premier_League \"2022–23 Russian Premier League\") |\n Russian Premier League |\n 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 |—— 12 | 0 |\n| [2023–24](/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Russian_Premier_League \"2023–24 Russian Premier League\") | Russian Premier League | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |—— 12 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 14 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |\n| [Oostende](/wiki/K.V._Oostende \"K.V. Oostende\") (loan) | [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Belgian_Pro_League \"2022–23 Belgian Pro League\") | [Belgian Pro League](/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League \"Belgian Pro League\") | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |—— 6 | 0 |\n|Career total\n\n 173 | 8 | 25 | 1 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 224 | 9 |\n\n",
"### Club\n\n| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n| [Hrvatski Dragovoljac](/wiki/NK_Hrvatski_Dragovoljac \"NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac\") | [2014–15](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Croatian_Second_Football_League \"2014–15 Croatian Second Football League\") | [Druga HNL](/wiki/Croatian_Second_Football_League \"Croatian Second Football League\") | 3 | 0 |——— 3 | 0 |\n| [Šibenik](/wiki/HNK_%C5%A0ibenik \"HNK Šibenik\") | [2015–16](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Croatian_Second_Football_League \"2015–16 Croatian Second Football League\") | Druga HNL | 26 | 3 | 2 | 0 |—— 28 | 3 |\n|[Osijek](/wiki/NK_Osijek \"NK Osijek\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2016–17 Croatian First Football League\") |\n [Prva HNL](/wiki/Croatian_First_Football_League \"Croatian First Football League\") |\n 24 | 1 | 4 | 0 |—— 28 | 1 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Croatian_First_Football_League \"2017–18 Croatian First Football League\") | Prva HNL | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |— 34 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 50 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 |— 62 | 1 |\n|[Rapid Wien](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\")\n\n [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2018–19 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") |\n [Austrian Bundesliga](/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"Austrian Football Bundesliga\") |\n 12 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 |— 25 | 0 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2019–20 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") | Austrian Bundesliga | 18 | 3 | 2 | 1 |—— 20 | 4 |\n| [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"2020–21 Austrian Football Bundesliga\") | Austrian Bundesliga | 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |— 35 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 57 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 4 |\n| [Rapid Wien II](/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien \"SK Rapid Wien\") | [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Austrian_Football_Second_League \"2020–21 Austrian Football Second League\") | [2\\. Liga](/wiki/2._Liga_%28Austria%29 \"2. Liga (Austria)\") | 1 | 0 |——— 1 | 0 |\n| [Sochi](/wiki/PFC_Sochi \"PFC Sochi\") | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Russian_Premier_League \"2021–22 Russian Premier League\") | [Russian Premier League](/wiki/Russian_Premier_League \"Russian Premier League\") | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |— 14 | 0 |\n| [Krylia Sovetov Samara](/wiki/PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara \"PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara\") (loan) | [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara_season \"2021–22 PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara season\") | Russian Premier League | 6 | 1 |——— 6 | 1 |\n|Krylia Sovetov Samara\n\n [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Russian_Premier_League \"2022–23 Russian Premier League\") |\n Russian Premier League |\n 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 |—— 12 | 0 |\n| [2023–24](/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Russian_Premier_League \"2023–24 Russian Premier League\") | Russian Premier League | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |—— 12 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 14 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |\n| [Oostende](/wiki/K.V._Oostende \"K.V. Oostende\") (loan) | [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Belgian_Pro_League \"2022–23 Belgian Pro League\") | [Belgian Pro League](/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League \"Belgian Pro League\") | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |—— 6 | 0 |\n|Career total\n\n 173 | 8 | 25 | 1 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 224 | 9 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1994 births](/wiki/Category:1994_births \"1994 births\")\n[Category:Footballers from Sinj](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Sinj \"Footballers from Sinj\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Men's association football central defenders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_central_defenders \"Men's association football central defenders\")\n[Category:Croatian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Croatian_men%27s_footballers \"Croatian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Croatia men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:Croatia_men%27s_international_footballers \"Croatia men's international footballers\")\n[Category:NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac players](/wiki/Category:NK_Hrvatski_Dragovoljac_players \"NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac players\")\n[Category:HNK Šibenik players](/wiki/Category:HNK_%C5%A0ibenik_players \"HNK Šibenik players\")\n[Category:NK Osijek players](/wiki/Category:NK_Osijek_players \"NK Osijek players\")\n[Category:SK Rapid Wien players](/wiki/Category:SK_Rapid_Wien_players \"SK Rapid Wien players\")\n[Category:PFC Sochi players](/wiki/Category:PFC_Sochi_players \"PFC Sochi players\")\n[Category:PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players](/wiki/Category:PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara_players \"PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players\")\n[Category:K.V. Oostende players](/wiki/Category:K.V._Oostende_players \"K.V. Oostende players\")\n[Category:FC Aktobe players](/wiki/Category:FC_Aktobe_players \"FC Aktobe players\")\n[Category:Croatian Football League players](/wiki/Category:Croatian_Football_League_players \"Croatian Football League players\")\n[Category:First Football League (Croatia) players](/wiki/Category:First_Football_League_%28Croatia%29_players \"First Football League (Croatia) players\")\n[Category:Austrian Football Bundesliga players](/wiki/Category:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_players \"Austrian Football Bundesliga players\")\n[Category:2\\. Liga (Austria) players](/wiki/Category:2._Liga_%28Austria%29_players \"2. Liga (Austria) players\")\n[Category:Russian Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Russian_Premier_League_players \"Russian Premier League players\")\n[Category:Belgian Pro League players](/wiki/Category:Belgian_Pro_League_players \"Belgian Pro League players\")\n[Category:Croatian expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Croatian_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Croatian expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Austria](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Austria \"Expatriate men's footballers in Austria\")\n[Category:Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Austria](/wiki/Category:Croatian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Austria \"Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Austria\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Russia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Russia \"Expatriate men's footballers in Russia\")\n[Category:Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Russia](/wiki/Category:Croatian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Russia \"Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Russia\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Belgium \"Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium\")\n[Category:Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium](/wiki/Category:Croatian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Belgium \"Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Kazakhstan \"Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan\")\n[Category:Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan](/wiki/Category:Croatian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Kazakhstan \"Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Oetker
|
{
"id": [
41625025
],
"name": [
"162 etc."
]
}
|
fhp7qq1fsyr94jugkyl2to8xlekb9uh
|
2022-01-03T07:41:02Z
| 1,024,068,675 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Oetker"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Oetker** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\n* [August Oetker](/wiki/August_Oetker \"August Oetker\") (1862–1918\\), German inventor, food scientist, and businessman\n\t+ [Dr. Oetker](/wiki/Dr._Oetker \"Dr. Oetker\"), company founded by August Oetker\n* [Richard Oetker](/wiki/Richard_Oetker \"Richard Oetker\") (born 1951\\), German billionaire heir and businessman, son of Rudolf\n* [Rudolf August Oetker](/wiki/Rudolf_August_Oetker \"Rudolf August Oetker\") (1916–2007\\), German entrepreneur and Nazi\n\n"
]
}
|
2018 Pro14 Grand Final
|
{
"id": [
45200415
],
"name": [
"SimplyLouis27"
]
}
|
qfq1g9q2aibt6a0rrre7rqxttgxczal
|
2024-07-01T16:34:31Z
| 1,176,622,039 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Route to the final",
"Final Match",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2018 Pro14 Grand Final** was the final match of the [2017–18 Pro14](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Pro14 \"2017–18 Pro14\") season. The 2017–18 season is the fourth with [Guinness](/wiki/Guinness \"Guinness\") as the title sponsor, the ninth with a Grand Final and the first season with 14 teams, following the admission of two South African teams. The final was played at the [Aviva Stadium](/wiki/Aviva_Stadium \"Aviva Stadium\") in Dublin and saw [Leinster](/wiki/Leinster_Rugby \"Leinster Rugby\") defeat the [Scarlets](/wiki/Scarlets \"Scarlets\") 40–32\\.\n\n",
"Route to the final\n------------------\n\n",
"Final Match\n-----------\n\n| | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n|\n\n| \n\n| |\n| FB | **15** | [Rob Kearney](/wiki/Rob_Kearney \"Rob Kearney\") |\n| RW | **14** | [Jordan Larmour](/wiki/Jordan_Larmour \"Jordan Larmour\") |\n| OC | **13** | [Garry Ringrose](/wiki/Garry_Ringrose \"Garry Ringrose\") |\n| IC | **12** | [Isa Nacewa](/wiki/Isa_Nacewa \"Isa Nacewa\") ([c](/wiki/Captain_%28sports%29 \"Captain (sports)\")) | | |\n| LW | **11** | [James Lowe](/wiki/James_Lowe_%28rugby_union%29 \"James Lowe (rugby union)\") |\n| FH | **10** | [Johnny Sexton](/wiki/Johnny_Sexton \"Johnny Sexton\") | | |\n| SH | **9** | [Luke McGrath](/wiki/Luke_McGrath \"Luke McGrath\") | | |\n| N8 | **8** | [Jack Conan](/wiki/Jack_Conan \"Jack Conan\") |\n| OF | **7** | [Dan Leavy](/wiki/Dan_Leavy \"Dan Leavy\") | | |\n| BF | **6** | [Rhys Ruddock](/wiki/Rhys_Ruddock \"Rhys Ruddock\") | | |\n| RL | **5** | [James Ryan](/wiki/James_Ryan_%28rugby_union%2C_born_1996%29 \"James Ryan (rugby union, born 1996)\") |\n| LL | **4** | [Devin Toner](/wiki/Devin_Toner \"Devin Toner\") |\n| TP | **3** | [Tadhg Furlong](/wiki/Tadhg_Furlong \"Tadhg Furlong\") | | |\n| HK | **2** | [Seán Cronin](/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Cronin_%28rugby_union%29 \"Seán Cronin (rugby union)\") | | |\n| LP | **1** | [Cian Healy](/wiki/Cian_Healy \"Cian Healy\") | | |\n|**Substitutions:**\n\n| HK | **16** | [James Tracy](/wiki/James_Tracy_%28rugby_union%29 \"James Tracy (rugby union)\") | | |\n| PR | **17** | [Jack McGrath](/wiki/Jack_McGrath_%28rugby_union%29 \"Jack McGrath (rugby union)\") | | |\n| PR | **18** | [Andrew Porter](/wiki/Andrew_Porter_%28rugby_union%29 \"Andrew Porter (rugby union)\") | | |\n| LK | **19** | [Scott Fardy](/wiki/Scott_Fardy \"Scott Fardy\") | | |\n| FL | **20** | [Jordi Murphy](/wiki/Jordi_Murphy \"Jordi Murphy\") | | |\n| SH | **21** | [Nick McCarthy](/wiki/Nick_McCarthy_%28rugby_union%29 \"Nick McCarthy (rugby union)\") | | |\n| FH | **22** | [Joey Carbery](/wiki/Joey_Carbery \"Joey Carbery\") | | |\n| CE | **23** | [Rory O'Loughlin](/wiki/Rory_O%27Loughlin \"Rory O'Loughlin\") | | |\n|**Coach:**\n\n| [Leo Cullen](/wiki/Leo_Cullen_%28rugby_union%29 \"Leo Cullen (rugby union)\")\n\n[350px](/wiki/File:Leinster_vs_Scarlets_2018-05-26.svg \"Leinster vs Scarlets 2018-05-26.svg\")\n\n| \n\n| |\n| FB | **15** | [Leigh Halfpenny](/wiki/Leigh_Halfpenny \"Leigh Halfpenny\") |\n| RW | **14** | [Johnny McNicholl](/wiki/Johnny_McNicholl \"Johnny McNicholl\") |\n| OC | **13** | [Scott Williams](/wiki/Scott_Williams_%28rugby_union%29 \"Scott Williams (rugby union)\") |\n| IC | **12** | [Hadleigh Parkes](/wiki/Hadleigh_Parkes \"Hadleigh Parkes\") |\n| LW | **11** | [Steff Evans](/wiki/Steff_Evans \"Steff Evans\") | | |\n| FH | **10** | [Rhys Patchell](/wiki/Rhys_Patchell \"Rhys Patchell\") | | |\n| SH | **9** | [Gareth Davies](/wiki/Gareth_Davies_%28rugby_union%2C_born_1990%29 \"Gareth Davies (rugby union, born 1990)\") | | |\n| N8 | **8** | [Tadhg Beirne](/wiki/Tadhg_Beirne \"Tadhg Beirne\") |\n| OF | **7** | [James Davies](/wiki/James_Davies_%28rugby_union%29 \"James Davies (rugby union)\") |\n| BF | **6** | [Aaron Shingler](/wiki/Aaron_Shingler \"Aaron Shingler\") | | |\n| RL | **5** | [Steve Cummins](/wiki/Steve_Cummins \"Steve Cummins\") |\n| LL | **4** | [Lewis Rawlins](/wiki/Lewis_Rawlins \"Lewis Rawlins\") | | |\n| TP | **3** | [Samson Lee](/wiki/Samson_Lee \"Samson Lee\") | | |\n| HK | **2** | [Ken Owens](/wiki/Ken_Owens \"Ken Owens\") ([c](/wiki/Captain_%28sports%29 \"Captain (sports)\")) | | |\n| LP | **1** | [Rob Evans](/wiki/Rob_Evans_%28rugby_union%29 \"Rob Evans (rugby union)\") | | |\n|**Substitutions:**\n\n| HK | **16** | [Ryan Elias](/wiki/Ryan_Elias \"Ryan Elias\") | | |\n| PR | **17** | [Wyn Jones](/wiki/Wyn_Jones_%28rugby_union%29 \"Wyn Jones (rugby union)\") | | |\n| PR | **18** | [Werner Kruger](/wiki/Werner_Kruger \"Werner Kruger\") | | |\n| LK | **19** | [David Bulbring](/wiki/David_Bulbring \"David Bulbring\") | | |\n| FL | **20** | [Will Boyde](/wiki/Will_Boyde \"Will Boyde\") | | |\n| SH | **21** | [Jonathan Evans](/wiki/Jonathan_Evans_%28rugby_union%29 \"Jonathan Evans (rugby union)\") | | |\n| FH | **22** | [Dan Jones](/wiki/Dan_Jones_%28rugby_union%29 \"Dan Jones (rugby union)\") | | |\n| WG | **23** | [Tom Prydie](/wiki/Tom_Prydie \"Tom Prydie\") | | |\n|**Coach:**\n\n| [Wayne Pivac](/wiki/Wayne_Pivac \"Wayne Pivac\")\n\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n| **Man of the Match:** [Johnny Sexton](/wiki/Johnny_Sexton \"Johnny Sexton\") (Leinster) |\n| --- |\n\n**Touch judges:**\n \n[Marius Mitrea](/wiki/Marius_Mitrea \"Marius Mitrea\") ([Italy](/wiki/Italian_Rugby_Federation \"Italian Rugby Federation\"))\n \n[Mike Adamson](/wiki/Mike_Adamson_%28rugby_union%29 \"Mike Adamson (rugby union)\") ([Scotland](/wiki/Scottish_Rugby_Union \"Scottish Rugby Union\")\n \n**Television match official:**\n \n[Neil Paterson](/wiki/Neil_Paterson_%28rugby_referee%29 \"Neil Paterson (rugby referee)\") ([Scotland](/wiki/Scottish_Rugby_Union \"Scottish Rugby Union\"))",
"References\n----------\n\n[2017](/wiki/Category:United_Rugby_Championship_finals \"United Rugby Championship finals\")\n[Category:2017–18 Pro14](/wiki/Category:2017%E2%80%9318_Pro14 \"2017–18 Pro14\")\n[Pro14 Grand Final](/wiki/Category:May_2018_sports_events_in_Europe \"May 2018 sports events in Europe\")\n[Category:Leinster Rugby matches](/wiki/Category:Leinster_Rugby_matches \"Leinster Rugby matches\")\n[Category:Scarlets matches](/wiki/Category:Scarlets_matches \"Scarlets matches\")\n[Category:2017–18 in Irish rugby union](/wiki/Category:2017%E2%80%9318_in_Irish_rugby_union \"2017–18 in Irish rugby union\")\n[Category:2017–18 in Welsh rugby union](/wiki/Category:2017%E2%80%9318_in_Welsh_rugby_union \"2017–18 in Welsh rugby union\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Serpent (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)
|
{
"id": [
45666573
],
"name": [
"OlifanofmrTennant"
]
}
|
f1heyfew6lkvre3ebq2aoz4hnk59slx
|
2023-07-12T21:51:06Z
| 1,051,956,322 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Production",
"Reception",
"Ratings",
"Critical reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"**The Serpent**\" is the fourth episode of the *[Once Upon a Time](/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_%28TV_series%29 \"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\")* spin\\-off series *[Once Upon a Time in Wonderland](/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Wonderland \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\")*.\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nThe Knave of Hearts is kidnapped by the Red Queen (on behalf of Jafar) after saving him from Caterpillar's Collectors. Jafar wants him publicly beheaded to serve as an example of what happens to anyone who helps Alice. Alice befriends a collector named \"Lizard\" who helps Alice in her mission to rescue the Knave of Hearts. Meanwhile, the Red Queen is hesitant to kill the Knave since she's still in love with him and flashbacks reveal Jafar's real reasons for wanting Cyrus' power.\n\n",
"Production\n----------\n\nJan Nash was the writer for the episode, while [Ralph Hemecker](/wiki/Ralph_Hemecker \"Ralph Hemecker\") was its director.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n### Ratings\n\nThe episode was watched by 3\\.55 million American viewers, and received an 18\\-49 rating/share of 0\\.9/3, down from the previous episode. The show placed fifth in its timeslot and fifteenth for the night.\n\n### Critical reception\n\nAmy Ratcliffe of *[IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\")* gave the episode an 8\\.3 out of 10, giving it a positive review. She said \"Tonight’s episode delivered some interesting backstory for Jafar and was expertly executed by Naveen Andrews, who showed he can still do nuance. The Knave/Queen story was deepened, too, and it’s nice to see things are still in a bit of play there. Alice got to be daring and fantastic. Her use of her first wish (and the shopkeeper’s last, too) shows a level of cleverness and forward thinking that is heartening to see, and engaging to me. How smart could you make your wish?\"\n\nChristine Orlando of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 4\\.2 out of 5, signaling positive reviews.\n\nLily Sparks of *[TV.com](/wiki/TV.com \"TV.com\")* gave the episode a mixed to negative review, saying \"What to do with *Wonderland*? It’s great hate\\-watching if you have that kind of time to kill and love raggin’ on sloppy green screen edge\\-feathering, but otherwise it is not exactly pushing me to the edge of my seat. The writers probably envisioned that audiences would respond to their characters the same way we've gotten attached to *OUAT Original Seasoning*. But *OUAT Original* spent a good year laying groundwork, letting us get to know the characters before making them pull laughable stunts in 100 percent CGI environments.\"\n\n",
"### Ratings\n\nThe episode was watched by 3\\.55 million American viewers, and received an 18\\-49 rating/share of 0\\.9/3, down from the previous episode. The show placed fifth in its timeslot and fifteenth for the night.\n\n",
"### Critical reception\n\nAmy Ratcliffe of *[IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\")* gave the episode an 8\\.3 out of 10, giving it a positive review. She said \"Tonight’s episode delivered some interesting backstory for Jafar and was expertly executed by Naveen Andrews, who showed he can still do nuance. The Knave/Queen story was deepened, too, and it’s nice to see things are still in a bit of play there. Alice got to be daring and fantastic. Her use of her first wish (and the shopkeeper’s last, too) shows a level of cleverness and forward thinking that is heartening to see, and engaging to me. How smart could you make your wish?\"\n\nChristine Orlando of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 4\\.2 out of 5, signaling positive reviews.\n\nLily Sparks of *[TV.com](/wiki/TV.com \"TV.com\")* gave the episode a mixed to negative review, saying \"What to do with *Wonderland*? It’s great hate\\-watching if you have that kind of time to kill and love raggin’ on sloppy green screen edge\\-feathering, but otherwise it is not exactly pushing me to the edge of my seat. The writers probably envisioned that audiences would respond to their characters the same way we've gotten attached to *OUAT Original Seasoning*. But *OUAT Original* spent a good year laying groundwork, letting us get to know the characters before making them pull laughable stunts in 100 percent CGI environments.\"\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2013 American television episodes](/wiki/Category:2013_American_television_episodes \"2013 American television episodes\")\n[Category:Once Upon a Time in Wonderland episodes](/wiki/Category:Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Wonderland_episodes \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland episodes\")\n[Category:Television episodes directed by Ralph Hemecker](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_directed_by_Ralph_Hemecker \"Television episodes directed by Ralph Hemecker\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Richard Övel
|
{
"id": [
13892613
],
"name": [
"Estopedist1"
]
}
|
rx4g0wshl7qw0rmgkwgvdnp2e8dp6qe
|
2022-03-17T10:58:41Z
| 947,119,040 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Richard Övel** (21 November 1894 – 11 January 1957) was the [Chancellor of Justice](/wiki/Chancellor_of_Justice_%28Estonia%29 \"Chancellor of Justice (Estonia)\") of Estonia from 1944 to 1949\\. He was appointed the position of Chancellor of Justice in September 1944 when Prime Minister [Jüri Uluots](/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Uluots \"Jüri Uluots\") appointed a new government headed by [Otto Tief](/wiki/Otto_Tief \"Otto Tief\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1894 births](/wiki/Category:1894_births \"1894 births\")\n[Category:1957 deaths](/wiki/Category:1957_deaths \"1957 deaths\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing \"Place of birth missing\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Christian Gebauer
|
{
"id": [
45746247
],
"name": [
"Caber33"
]
}
|
43qzyc61ehtgaehn43zlp22xabbiba5
|
2024-05-26T19:09:12Z
| 1,190,604,178 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Christian Gebauer** (born 20 December 1993\\) is an Austrian professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who plays as a [right winger](/wiki/Winger_%28association_football%29 \"Winger (association football)\") for [Rheindorf Altach](/wiki/SC_Rheindorf_Altach \"SC Rheindorf Altach\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nIn June 2023, Gebauer returned to [Rheindorf Altach](/wiki/SC_Rheindorf_Altach \"SC Rheindorf Altach\") on a two\\-year contract.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1993 births](/wiki/Category:1993_births \"1993 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Men's association football wingers](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_wingers \"Men's association football wingers\")\n[Category:Austrian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Austrian_men%27s_footballers \"Austrian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Austrian Football Bundesliga players](/wiki/Category:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_players \"Austrian Football Bundesliga players\")\n[Category:2\\. Liga (Austria) players](/wiki/Category:2._Liga_%28Austria%29_players \"2. Liga (Austria) players\")\n[Category:Austrian Regionalliga players](/wiki/Category:Austrian_Regionalliga_players \"Austrian Regionalliga players\")\n[Category:Bundesliga players](/wiki/Category:Bundesliga_players \"Bundesliga players\")\n[Category:2\\. Bundesliga players](/wiki/Category:2._Bundesliga_players \"2. Bundesliga players\")\n[Category:WSG Tirol players](/wiki/Category:WSG_Tirol_players \"WSG Tirol players\")\n[Category:SC Rheindorf Altach players](/wiki/Category:SC_Rheindorf_Altach_players \"SC Rheindorf Altach players\")\n[Category:Arminia Bielefeld players](/wiki/Category:Arminia_Bielefeld_players \"Arminia Bielefeld players\")\n[Category:FC Ingolstadt 04 players](/wiki/Category:FC_Ingolstadt_04_players \"FC Ingolstadt 04 players\")\n[Category:Austrian expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Austrian_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Austrian expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Germany](/wiki/Category:Austrian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Germany \"Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Germany\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Germany](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Germany \"Expatriate men's footballers in Germany\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Martial law in the United States
|
{
"id": [
41783701
],
"name": [
"Alien333"
]
}
|
m8vgnhrhciifqtng83xktgez4q5h8le
|
2024-09-08T16:36:53Z
| 1,244,695,344 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Legal basis",
"History",
"American Revolution",
"New Orleans in War of 1812",
"Nauvoo, Illinois, during the Illinois Mormon War (1843)",
"Utah War (1857)",
"Baltimore (1861)",
"''Ex parte Milligan'' (1863)",
"The Great Chicago Fire (1871)",
"Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1892)",
"San Francisco earthquake of 1906",
"Colorado Coalfield War (1914 and 1917)",
"West Virginia Coal Wars (1920-1921)",
"Minneapolis, Minnesota (1934)",
"San Francisco, California (1934)",
"Territory of Hawaii in World War II (1941-1944)",
"Russell County, Alabama (1954–55)",
"Freedom Riders (1961)",
"2007 National Defense Authorization Act",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Martial law in the United States** refers to times in [United States history](/wiki/History_of_the_United_States \"History of the United States\") in which in a region, state, city, or the whole [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") was placed under the control of a military body. On a national level, both the [US President](/wiki/US_President \"US President\") and the [US Congress](/wiki/US_Congress \"US Congress\") have the power, within certain constraints, to impose [martial law](/wiki/Martial_law \"Martial law\") since both can be in charge of the militia. In each state, the governor has the power to impose martial law within the borders of the state. In the United States, martial law has been used in a limited number of circumstances, such as New Orleans during the [Battle of New Orleans](/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans \"Battle of New Orleans\"); after major disasters, such as the [Great Chicago Fire](/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire \"Great Chicago Fire\") of 1871, the [1906 San Francisco earthquake](/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake \"1906 San Francisco earthquake\"), or during riots, such as the [Omaha race riot of 1919](/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919 \"Omaha race riot of 1919\") or the [1920 Lexington riots](/wiki/Will_Lockett%23Murder_of_Geneva_Hardman_and_riots \"Will Lockett#Murder of Geneva Hardman and riots\"); local leaders declared martial law to protect themselves from mob violence, such as [Nauvoo, Illinois](/wiki/Nauvoo%2C_Illinois \"Nauvoo, Illinois\"), during the [Illinois Mormon War](/wiki/Illinois_Mormon_War \"Illinois Mormon War\"), or [Utah](/wiki/Utah \"Utah\") during the [Utah War](/wiki/Utah_War \"Utah War\"); or in response to chaos associated with protests and rioting, such as the [1934 West Coast waterfront strike](/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike \"1934 West Coast waterfront strike\"), in Hawaii after the [Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor \"Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor\"), and during the [Civil Rights Movement](/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement \"Civil Rights Movement\") in response to the [Cambridge riot of 1963](/wiki/Cambridge_riot_of_1963 \"Cambridge riot of 1963\").\n\n",
"Legal basis\n-----------\n\nThe martial law concept in the United States is closely tied to the right of *[habeas corpus](/wiki/Habeas_corpus \"Habeas corpus\")*, which is, in essence, the right to a hearing and trial on lawful imprisonment, or more broadly, the supervision of law enforcement by the judiciary. The ability to suspend *habeas corpus* is related to the imposition of martial law. Article 1, Section 9 of the [US Constitution](/wiki/US_Constitution \"US Constitution\") states, \"The Privilege of the Writ of *Habeas Corpus* shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.\" There have been many instances of the use of the military within the borders of the United States, such as during the [Whiskey Rebellion](/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion \"Whiskey Rebellion\") and in the South during the [Civil Rights Movement](/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement \"Civil Rights Movement\"), but those acts are not tantamount to a declaration of martial law. Deployment of troops does not necessarily mean that the civil courts cannot function, which is one of the keys, as the [US Supreme Court](/wiki/US_Supreme_Court \"US Supreme Court\") noted, to martial law.\n\nIn [United States law](/wiki/United_States_law \"United States law\"), martial law is limited by several court decisions that were handed down between the [American Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War \"American Civil War\") and [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). In 1878, [Congress](/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States \"Congress of the United States\") passed the [Posse Comitatus Act](/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_Act \"Posse Comitatus Act\"), which forbids [US military](/wiki/US_military \"US military\") involvement in domestic law enforcement without congressional approval.\n\nThroughout history, martial law has been imposed at least 68 times in limited, usually local areas of the United States. Martial law was declared for these reasons: Twice for war or invasion, seven times for domestic war or insurrection, eleven times for riot or civil unrest, 29 times for labor dispute, four times for natural disaster and fifteen times for other reasons. Habeas corpus was suspended federally only once in 1863 during the Civil War.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### American Revolution\n\n[thumb\\|225px\\|The [Boston Tea Party](/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party \"Boston Tea Party\") prompted Great Britain to pass the [Massachusetts Government Act](/wiki/Massachusetts_Government_Act \"Massachusetts Government Act\").](/wiki/File:Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg \"Boston Tea Party Currier colored.jpg\")\nAs a result of the [Boston Tea Party](/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party \"Boston Tea Party\"), [Parliament](/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain \"Parliament of Great Britain\") passed the [Massachusetts Government Act](/wiki/Massachusetts_Government_Act \"Massachusetts Government Act\"), one of the [Intolerable Acts](/wiki/Intolerable_Acts \"Intolerable Acts\"), which suppressed town meetings and assemblies, and imposed appointed government, tantamount to martial law.colonial\\-america.suite101\\.com/article.cfm/law\\-that\\-started\\-the\\-american\\-revolution[\"Governors or Generals?: A Note on Martial Law and the Revolution of 1689 in English America\"](https://www.jstor.org/pss/1920256), Ian Steele, *The William and Mary Quarterly*, Third Series, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Apr. 1989\\), pp. 304–314[\"Home \\> Boston Tea Party \\> A Tea Party Timeline: 1773–1775\"](http://www.oldsouthmeetinghouse.org/osmh_123456789files/TeaPartyTimeline.aspx), *Old South Meeting House*\n\n### New Orleans in War of 1812\n\nDuring the [War of 1812](/wiki/War_of_1812 \"War of 1812\"), [US General](/wiki/General_%28United_States%29 \"General (United States)\") [Andrew Jackson](/wiki/Andrew_Jackson \"Andrew Jackson\") imposed martial law in [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\"), [Louisiana](/wiki/Louisiana \"Louisiana\") before repulsing the British in the [Battle of New Orleans](/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans \"Battle of New Orleans\").[\"The Battle of New Orleans Reconsidered: Andrew Jackson and Martial Law\"](https://www.jstor.org/pss/4233516), Matthew Warshauer, *Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association*, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Summer, 1998\\), pp. 261–291[\"A National Hero, the Battle of New Orleans\"](http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/P/aj7/about/bio/jack07.htm), *Andrew Jackson (1767–1845\\)*[\"Book Review: Andrew Jackson and the Politics of Martial Law: Nationalism, Civil Liberties, and Partisanship.\"](http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/112.5/br_38.html) , *American Historical Review*, December 2007 Martial law was also imposed in a four\\-mile radius around the vicinity. When word came of the end of the war, Jackson maintained martial law, contending that he had not gotten official word of the peace. A judge demanded *[habeas corpus](/wiki/Habeas_corpus \"Habeas corpus\")* for a man arrested for sedition. Rather than comply with the writ, Jackson had the judge arrested.\n\n### Nauvoo, Illinois, during the Illinois Mormon War (1843\\)\n\nIn 1843, Missouri sought to extradite [Joseph Smith](/wiki/Joseph_Smith \"Joseph Smith\"), the founder of [Mormonism](/wiki/Mormonism \"Mormonism\"), for allegedly [attempting to murder Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs](/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Lilburn_Boggs \"Attempted assassination of Lilburn Boggs\"). He escaped arrest with the help of members of his church, and was discharged on a writ of habeas corpus in the [Municipal Court of Nauvoo](/wiki/Municipal_Court_of_Nauvoo \"Municipal Court of Nauvoo\"), where he was mayor, even though it was outside the court's jurisdiction. People in the neighboring town of [Carthage, Illinois](/wiki/Carthage%2C_Illinois \"Carthage, Illinois\"), felt that Smith was abusing his position in order to avoid arrest. They requested that Governor Ford call out the militia to take Smith into custody, which Governor Ford declined to do. A group of ex\\-Mormons published a paper called the *[Nauvoo Expositor](/wiki/Nauvoo_Expositor \"Nauvoo Expositor\")* which detailed Smith's alleged abuse of power. Together with the [Nauvoo City Council](/wiki/Nauvoo_City_Council \"Nauvoo City Council\"), Smith ordered the destruction of the *Nauvoo Expositor*. This caused an uproar in neighboring towns, which interpreted the order as an attack on the freedom of speech. Smith was charged with causing a riot, which the Nauvoo courts dismissed. Neighboring cities raised money for a militia to go and capture Smith. Governor Ford arrived in Carthage and sent word to Smith that if he did not surrender, Ford would call out the militia. On June 18, Smith declared martial law in Nauvoo and called out the [Nauvoo Legion](/wiki/Nauvoo_Legion \"Nauvoo Legion\"), an organized city militia of about 5,000 men, Paragraph 6\\. to protect Nauvoo from outside violence. Ford sent a group of men and abolished martial law. By this time, Smith had escaped into Iowa but was convinced by his supporters to return. He was arrested for treason against the state of Illinois for declaring martial law. While awaiting trial in Carthage Jail, [Smith was murdered](/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith \"Death of Joseph Smith\") by a mob. In 1845, Nauvoo was stripped of its charter for abuse of authority. This led to a series of conflicts known as the Illinois Mormon War.\n\n### Utah War (1857\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|175px\\|Governor [Brigham Young](/wiki/Brigham_Young \"Brigham Young\") declared martial law on September 15, 1857 in Utah shortly before being removed as governor.](/wiki/Image:Brigham_Young.jpg \"Brigham Young.jpg\")\n\nTension between [Utah territory](/wiki/Utah_territory \"Utah territory\") and the federal government was strained in 1857 due to the influence of [theodemocracy](/wiki/Theodemocracy \"Theodemocracy\") in Governor Brigham Young's semi\\-theocratic government, Utah's [rejection of federal appointees](/wiki/Runaway_Officials_of_1851 \"Runaway Officials of 1851\"), and Utah's acceptance of [polygamy](/wiki/Mormonism_and_polygamy \"Mormonism and polygamy\"). In 1857, [President](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") [James Buchanan](/wiki/James_Buchanan \"James Buchanan\") sent U.S. forces to the [Utah Territory](/wiki/Utah_Territory \"Utah Territory\") in what became known as the Utah War. The [Mormons](/wiki/Mormon \"Mormon\"), fearing that the large U.S. military force had been sent to annihilate them, made preparations for defense. On 15 September, Young publicly declared martial law in Utah. It was widely circulated throughout the territory and was delivered by messenger to Col. Alexander with the approaching army. The most important provision forbade \"all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever\".\"Proclamation of Governor Young\", [Leroy R. Hafen](/wiki/Leroy_R._Hafen \"Leroy R. Hafen\") \\& Ann W. Hafen (eds.), *Mormon Resistance: A Documentary Account of the Utah Expedition, 1857–1858*, p. 65\\. It also commanded that \"all the forces in said Territory hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice to repel any and all such invasion\". But more important to California\\- and Oregon\\-bound travelers was the third section that stated, \"Martial law is hereby declared to exist in this Territory...and no person shall be allowed to pass or repass into, through or from this territory without a permit from the proper officer.\" Brigham Young ordered the people in [Salt Lake City, Utah](/wiki/Salt_Lake_City%2C_Utah \"Salt Lake City, Utah\"), to burn their homes and retreat south to [Provo, Utah](/wiki/Provo%2C_Utah \"Provo, Utah\"). Meanwhile, the Mormons harassed the approaching army. Eventually, Brigham Young was removed as governor and replaced by [Alfred Cumming](/wiki/Alfred_Cumming_%28governor%29 \"Alfred Cumming (governor)\").\n\n### Baltimore (1861\\)\n\nIn April 1861, secessionists severed railroad links around [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore \"Baltimore\") to prevent the passage of federal troops and materiel southward. Union general [Benjamin Butler](/wiki/Benjamin_Butler \"Benjamin Butler\") entered the city the following month and took over administration from civilian authorities, despite having no federal authority to do so.\n\n### *Ex parte Milligan* (1863\\)\n\nOn September 15, 1863, President [Lincoln](/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln \"Abraham Lincoln\") imposed Congressionally authorized martial law on Maryland and Missouri. The authorizing act allowed the President to suspend *habeas corpus* and civil rights throughout the entire United States (which he had already done under his own authority on April 27, 1861\\). Lincoln imposed the suspension on \"prisoners of war, spies, or aiders and abettors of the enemy,\" as well as on other classes of people, such as draft dodgers. The President's proclamation was challenged in *[Ex parte Milligan](/wiki/Ex_parte_Milligan \"Ex parte Milligan\")*, 71 US 2 \\[1866]. The Supreme Court ruled that Lincoln's imposition of martial law (by way of suspension of *habeas corpus*) was unconstitutional in areas where the local courts were still in session.\n\n### The Great Chicago Fire (1871\\)\n\n[thumb\\|225px\\|upright\\=1\\.5\\|Artist's rendering of the Great Chicago Fire](/wiki/File:Chicago_in_Flames_by_Currier_%26_Ives%2C_1871_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Chicago in Flames by Currier & Ives, 1871 (cropped).jpg\")\nIn response to the [Great Chicago Fire](/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire \"Great Chicago Fire\") of 1871, [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago \"Chicago\") mayor [Roswell B. Mason](/wiki/Roswell_B._Mason \"Roswell B. Mason\") declared a state of martial law and placed General [Philip Sheridan](/wiki/Philip_Sheridan \"Philip Sheridan\") in charge of the city on October 9, 1871\\. After the fire was extinguished, there were no widespread disturbances and martial law was lifted within a few days.Morris, Roy, Jr. (1992\\). *Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan*, Crown Publishing, pp. 335–338\\. .\n\n### Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1892\\)\n\nIn 1892, in [Coeur d'Alene, Idaho](/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene%2C_Idaho \"Coeur d'Alene, Idaho\"), striking mineworkers blew up a mill and shot at strike\\-breaking workers. The explosion leveled a four\\-story building and killed one person. The governor declared martial law. At the same time, a request was made for federal troops to back guardsmen. Over 600 people were arrested. The list was whittled down to two dozen [ringleaders](/wiki/wikt:Ringleader \"Ringleader\") who were tried in the military court. While in prison, the mine workers formed a new union, the [Western Federation of Miners](/wiki/Western_Federation_of_Miners \"Western Federation of Miners\").\n\n### San Francisco earthquake of 1906\n\nFollowing the [earthquake of 1906](/wiki/Earthquake_of_1906 \"Earthquake of 1906\"), the federal troops stationed in the Presidio were pressed into martial law service. They were posted throughout the city, and all dynamite was confiscated. The dynamite was used to destroy buildings in the path of fires to prevent the fires from spreading.\n\n### Colorado Coalfield War (1914 and 1917\\)\n\nIn 1914, the imposition of martial law climaxed during the [Colorado Coalfield War](/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War \"Colorado Coalfield War\"). Dating back decades, the conflicts came to a head in [Ludlow, Colorado](/wiki/Ludlow%2C_Colorado \"Ludlow, Colorado\"), in 1913\\. The [Colorado National Guard](/wiki/Colorado_National_Guard \"Colorado National Guard\") was called in to quell the strikers. For a time, the peace was kept, but it is reported that the make\\-up of the Guard stationed at the mines began to shift from impartial normal troops to companies of loyal mine guards. Clashes increased and the proclamation of martial law was made by the governor, eventually resulting in the [Ludlow Massacre](/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre \"Ludlow Massacre\"). [President Wilson](/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson \"Woodrow Wilson\") sent in federal troops, eventually ending the violence.\n\nOn August 19, 1917, the Spokane office of the [Industrial Workers of the World](/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World \"Industrial Workers of the World\") (IWW, or Wobblies) was raided, leaders arrested, and martial law was declared. The military authority was the National Guard, controlled by the U.S. War Department. This occurred in reaction to a demand by IWW leader James Rowan that all prisoners of the \"class war\" (he meant Wobbly strikers and strike leaders involved in a statewide lumber strike) be released or Spokane would face a general strike. The repression of the democratic, radical union in Spokane and across the state took place in the context of the Wobbly\\-led loggers' and sawmill workers' ongoing strike for the eight\\-hour day and sanitary conditions in the camps. The IWW was militant, radical, vocal and consistently nonviolent. The larger context of the repression of the union was war hysteria, combined with employer opposition to union demands. The nationwide suppression of the IWW during the war involved physical violence, vandalism, and the imprisonment of hundreds of union members and leaders.\n\n### West Virginia Coal Wars (1920\\-1921\\)\n\nDuring the events of the [West Virginia Coal Wars](/wiki/West_Virginia_Coal_Wars \"West Virginia Coal Wars\") (1920–1921\\), martial law was declared in the state of West Virginia. At the behest of [Governor Cornwell](/wiki/John_J._Cornwell \"John J. Cornwell\"), federal troops had been dispatched to Mingo County to deal with the striking miners. The army officer in charge acted, ostensibly, under the [Suspension Clause of Article I of the United States Constitution](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution%23Section_9:Limits_on_Congress \"Limits on Congress\") (selectively; accounts show that he jailed only union miners), and did not allow assembly of any kind. If his soldiers found any union miners, they immediately took them and imprisoned them. The jails filled up so quickly that he had to release miners. As it went, miners were arrested, jailed, and released without any sort of trial. After a time, when the trial of [Sid Hatfield](/wiki/Sid_Hatfield \"Sid Hatfield\") began, the military occupation and \"veritable [military dictatorship](/wiki/Military_dictatorship \"Military dictatorship\")\" (Governor Cornwell) of the army officer ended. Many of the miners were not released from jail. It was only the first of three times that federal troops would be called to quiet the miners in the West Virginia Mine War.\n\n### Minneapolis, Minnesota (1934\\)\n\nIn 1934, [Minnesota](/wiki/Minnesota \"Minnesota\") Governor [Floyd B. Olson](/wiki/Floyd_B._Olson \"Floyd B. Olson\") placed the city of [Minneapolis](/wiki/Minneapolis \"Minneapolis\") under martial law and deployed the National Guardsmen of the [34th Infantry Division](/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_%28United_States%29 \"34th Infantry Division (United States)\") due to escalating violence during the [Minneapolis general strike of 1934](/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934 \"Minneapolis general strike of 1934\") after [Bloody Friday](/wiki/Bloody_Friday_%28Minneapolis%29 \"Bloody Friday (Minneapolis)\") when police opened fire on picketers.\n\nOn July 26, and these deaths of protesters at the hands of the police, Farmer\\-Labor governor Olson declared martial law and mobilized four thousand National Guardsmen of the 34th Infantry. Following this mobilization, there was no further loss of life.\n\nBetween July 26 and August 1, the National Guard began issuing operating permits to truck drivers, and engaging in roving patrols, curfews, and security details. On August 1, National Guard troops seized strike headquarters and placed arrested union leaders in a stockade at the state fairgrounds in Saint Paul. The next day, the headquarters were restored to the union and the leaders released from the stockade, as the National Guard carried out a token raid on the Citizens Alliance headquarters.\n\nThe union appealed to the Central Labor Union for a general strike and the governor issued an ultimatum that he would stop all trucks by midnight, August 5, if there was no settlement. Nevertheless, by August 14, there were thousands of trucks operating under military permits. Although the strike was gravely weakened by martial law and economic pressure, union leaders made it clear that it would continue.\n\nOn August 21, a federal mediator got acceptance of a settlement proposal from A. W. Strong, head of the Citizens Alliance, incorporating the union's major demands. The settlement was ratified and the back of employer resistance to unionization in Minneapolis was broken.\n\n### San Francisco, California (1934\\)\n\nIn 1934, [California](/wiki/California \"California\") Governor [Frank Merriam](/wiki/Frank_Merriam \"Frank Merriam\") placed the docks of [San Francisco](/wiki/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") under martial law, citing \"riots and tumult\" resulting from a [dock worker's strike](/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike \"1934 West Coast waterfront strike\"). The governor threatened to place the entire city under martial law. The National Guard was called in to open the docks, and a citywide institution of martial law was averted when goods began to flow. The guardsmen were empowered to make arrests and to then try detainees or turn them over to the courts.\n\n### Territory of Hawaii in World War II (1941\\-1944\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|225px\\|Hawaii was put under martial law after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/File:The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg \"The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg\")\nDuring [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") (1939–1945\\) what is now the [State of Hawaii](/wiki/State_of_Hawaii \"State of Hawaii\") was held under martial law from December 7, 1941, to October 24, 1944, following the [Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor \"Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor\"). During 1942, the army's Hawaii District was commanded by [Ralph McT. Pennell](/wiki/Ralph_McT._Pennell \"Ralph McT. Pennell\"), who coordinated the defenses of Hawaii and reported to the military governor. After the war, one of the federal judges for the islands, [Judge J. Frank McLaughln](/wiki/Joseph_Frank_McLaughlin \"Joseph Frank McLaughlin\"), condemned the conduct of martial law, saying, \"[Gov. Poindexter](/wiki/Joseph_Poindexter \"Joseph Poindexter\") declared lawfully martial law but the Army went beyond the governor and set up that which was lawful only in conquered enemy territory namely, [military government](/wiki/Military_occupation \"Military occupation\") which is not bound by the Constitution. And they ... threw the Constitution into the discard and set up a [military dictatorship](/wiki/Military_dictatorship \"Military dictatorship\").\"\n\n### Russell County, Alabama (1954–55\\)\n\nAlabama Governor [Gordon Persons](/wiki/Gordon_Persons \"Gordon Persons\") placed Russell County under martial law in June 1954 due to the pervasive influence of [organized crime](/wiki/Organized_crime \"Organized crime\") gangs. The National Guard assumed law enforcement duties in the county for the remainder of the year, shut down gang\\-controlled establishments, and oversaw the first lawful elections in decades.\n\n### Freedom Riders (1961\\)\n\nOn May 21, 1961, [Governor Patterson](/wiki/John_Malcolm_Patterson \"John Malcolm Patterson\") of [Alabama](/wiki/Alabama \"Alabama\") declared martial law \"as a result of outside agitators coming into Alabama to violate our laws and customs\" which had led to \"outbreaks of lawlessness and mob action.\" The \"outside agitators\" were \"[Freedom Riders](/wiki/Freedom_Riders \"Freedom Riders\")\", peaceful [civil rights](/wiki/Civil_rights \"Civil rights\") activists challenging the already\\-illegal [racial segregation](/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States \"Racial segregation in the United States\") in [the South](/wiki/Southern_United_States \"Southern United States\").\n\n### 2007 National Defense Authorization Act\n\nH.R. 5122, also known as the [John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007](/wiki/John_Warner_National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2007 \"John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007\") was a bill passed in the United States Congress on September 29, 2006, and signed by President George W. Bush on October 17, 2006, becoming Public Law 109\\-364\\. In addition to allocating funding for the armed forces, it also gave the president the power to declare martial law and to take command of the National Guard units of each state without the consent of state governors.\n\nOn April 2, 2007, US Senate held hearings about recent changes to the [Insurrection Act of 1807](/wiki/Insurrection_Act_of_1807 \"Insurrection Act of 1807\"), (in Sec 1072 of Defense Authorization Act) where Sen. [Patrick Leahy](/wiki/Patrick_Leahy \"Patrick Leahy\") of Vermont sought to reverse the 2006 amendments to the Insurrection Act, which had given the US President new powers to use military for domestic disturbance, terrorism, insurrection, etc, and even changed the name from \"Insurrection Act\" to \"Enforcement of the Laws to Restore Public Order.\" In the Senate Hearing, Senator [Kit Bond](/wiki/Kit_Bond \"Kit Bond\") testified: \"Mr. Chairman, the measure that was included in last year's congressional Defense Authorization Act I think was ill\\-conceived, unnecessary, and dumb. Even some of the members of the [SASC](/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services \"United States Senate Committee on Armed Services\") who should have did not know about it. But this is an influential panel, and you know how it has changed the old law, and we now know that all 50 of our Nation's Governors, Adjutants General, and local law enforcement are opposed to it. Nobody knows where it came from. Allowing the President to invoke the Act and declare martial law where public order breaks down as a result of natural disaster, epidemic, terrorist attack, is very ambiguous and gives him broad authority potentially to usurp the role of the Governors\".\n\nBased on opposition by Congress, individual state Governors, law enforcement community, and absence of clarity on who even introduced these changes, the 'Enforcement of the Laws to Restore Public Order' law was repealed on January 28, 2008, (based on Sen. Pat Leahy's S. 513 proposal to repeal) and the previous Insurrection Act was restored. As of 2020, the Insurrection Act of 1807 still applies in limiting a US President's ability under Title 10 to federalize National Guard troops for martial law purposes.\n\n",
"### American Revolution\n\n[thumb\\|225px\\|The [Boston Tea Party](/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party \"Boston Tea Party\") prompted Great Britain to pass the [Massachusetts Government Act](/wiki/Massachusetts_Government_Act \"Massachusetts Government Act\").](/wiki/File:Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg \"Boston Tea Party Currier colored.jpg\")\nAs a result of the [Boston Tea Party](/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party \"Boston Tea Party\"), [Parliament](/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain \"Parliament of Great Britain\") passed the [Massachusetts Government Act](/wiki/Massachusetts_Government_Act \"Massachusetts Government Act\"), one of the [Intolerable Acts](/wiki/Intolerable_Acts \"Intolerable Acts\"), which suppressed town meetings and assemblies, and imposed appointed government, tantamount to martial law.colonial\\-america.suite101\\.com/article.cfm/law\\-that\\-started\\-the\\-american\\-revolution[\"Governors or Generals?: A Note on Martial Law and the Revolution of 1689 in English America\"](https://www.jstor.org/pss/1920256), Ian Steele, *The William and Mary Quarterly*, Third Series, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Apr. 1989\\), pp. 304–314[\"Home \\> Boston Tea Party \\> A Tea Party Timeline: 1773–1775\"](http://www.oldsouthmeetinghouse.org/osmh_123456789files/TeaPartyTimeline.aspx), *Old South Meeting House*\n\n",
"### New Orleans in War of 1812\n\nDuring the [War of 1812](/wiki/War_of_1812 \"War of 1812\"), [US General](/wiki/General_%28United_States%29 \"General (United States)\") [Andrew Jackson](/wiki/Andrew_Jackson \"Andrew Jackson\") imposed martial law in [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\"), [Louisiana](/wiki/Louisiana \"Louisiana\") before repulsing the British in the [Battle of New Orleans](/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans \"Battle of New Orleans\").[\"The Battle of New Orleans Reconsidered: Andrew Jackson and Martial Law\"](https://www.jstor.org/pss/4233516), Matthew Warshauer, *Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association*, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Summer, 1998\\), pp. 261–291[\"A National Hero, the Battle of New Orleans\"](http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/P/aj7/about/bio/jack07.htm), *Andrew Jackson (1767–1845\\)*[\"Book Review: Andrew Jackson and the Politics of Martial Law: Nationalism, Civil Liberties, and Partisanship.\"](http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/112.5/br_38.html) , *American Historical Review*, December 2007 Martial law was also imposed in a four\\-mile radius around the vicinity. When word came of the end of the war, Jackson maintained martial law, contending that he had not gotten official word of the peace. A judge demanded *[habeas corpus](/wiki/Habeas_corpus \"Habeas corpus\")* for a man arrested for sedition. Rather than comply with the writ, Jackson had the judge arrested.\n\n",
"### Nauvoo, Illinois, during the Illinois Mormon War (1843\\)\n\nIn 1843, Missouri sought to extradite [Joseph Smith](/wiki/Joseph_Smith \"Joseph Smith\"), the founder of [Mormonism](/wiki/Mormonism \"Mormonism\"), for allegedly [attempting to murder Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs](/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Lilburn_Boggs \"Attempted assassination of Lilburn Boggs\"). He escaped arrest with the help of members of his church, and was discharged on a writ of habeas corpus in the [Municipal Court of Nauvoo](/wiki/Municipal_Court_of_Nauvoo \"Municipal Court of Nauvoo\"), where he was mayor, even though it was outside the court's jurisdiction. People in the neighboring town of [Carthage, Illinois](/wiki/Carthage%2C_Illinois \"Carthage, Illinois\"), felt that Smith was abusing his position in order to avoid arrest. They requested that Governor Ford call out the militia to take Smith into custody, which Governor Ford declined to do. A group of ex\\-Mormons published a paper called the *[Nauvoo Expositor](/wiki/Nauvoo_Expositor \"Nauvoo Expositor\")* which detailed Smith's alleged abuse of power. Together with the [Nauvoo City Council](/wiki/Nauvoo_City_Council \"Nauvoo City Council\"), Smith ordered the destruction of the *Nauvoo Expositor*. This caused an uproar in neighboring towns, which interpreted the order as an attack on the freedom of speech. Smith was charged with causing a riot, which the Nauvoo courts dismissed. Neighboring cities raised money for a militia to go and capture Smith. Governor Ford arrived in Carthage and sent word to Smith that if he did not surrender, Ford would call out the militia. On June 18, Smith declared martial law in Nauvoo and called out the [Nauvoo Legion](/wiki/Nauvoo_Legion \"Nauvoo Legion\"), an organized city militia of about 5,000 men, Paragraph 6\\. to protect Nauvoo from outside violence. Ford sent a group of men and abolished martial law. By this time, Smith had escaped into Iowa but was convinced by his supporters to return. He was arrested for treason against the state of Illinois for declaring martial law. While awaiting trial in Carthage Jail, [Smith was murdered](/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith \"Death of Joseph Smith\") by a mob. In 1845, Nauvoo was stripped of its charter for abuse of authority. This led to a series of conflicts known as the Illinois Mormon War.\n\n",
"### Utah War (1857\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|175px\\|Governor [Brigham Young](/wiki/Brigham_Young \"Brigham Young\") declared martial law on September 15, 1857 in Utah shortly before being removed as governor.](/wiki/Image:Brigham_Young.jpg \"Brigham Young.jpg\")\n\nTension between [Utah territory](/wiki/Utah_territory \"Utah territory\") and the federal government was strained in 1857 due to the influence of [theodemocracy](/wiki/Theodemocracy \"Theodemocracy\") in Governor Brigham Young's semi\\-theocratic government, Utah's [rejection of federal appointees](/wiki/Runaway_Officials_of_1851 \"Runaway Officials of 1851\"), and Utah's acceptance of [polygamy](/wiki/Mormonism_and_polygamy \"Mormonism and polygamy\"). In 1857, [President](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") [James Buchanan](/wiki/James_Buchanan \"James Buchanan\") sent U.S. forces to the [Utah Territory](/wiki/Utah_Territory \"Utah Territory\") in what became known as the Utah War. The [Mormons](/wiki/Mormon \"Mormon\"), fearing that the large U.S. military force had been sent to annihilate them, made preparations for defense. On 15 September, Young publicly declared martial law in Utah. It was widely circulated throughout the territory and was delivered by messenger to Col. Alexander with the approaching army. The most important provision forbade \"all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever\".\"Proclamation of Governor Young\", [Leroy R. Hafen](/wiki/Leroy_R._Hafen \"Leroy R. Hafen\") \\& Ann W. Hafen (eds.), *Mormon Resistance: A Documentary Account of the Utah Expedition, 1857–1858*, p. 65\\. It also commanded that \"all the forces in said Territory hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice to repel any and all such invasion\". But more important to California\\- and Oregon\\-bound travelers was the third section that stated, \"Martial law is hereby declared to exist in this Territory...and no person shall be allowed to pass or repass into, through or from this territory without a permit from the proper officer.\" Brigham Young ordered the people in [Salt Lake City, Utah](/wiki/Salt_Lake_City%2C_Utah \"Salt Lake City, Utah\"), to burn their homes and retreat south to [Provo, Utah](/wiki/Provo%2C_Utah \"Provo, Utah\"). Meanwhile, the Mormons harassed the approaching army. Eventually, Brigham Young was removed as governor and replaced by [Alfred Cumming](/wiki/Alfred_Cumming_%28governor%29 \"Alfred Cumming (governor)\").\n\n",
"### Baltimore (1861\\)\n\nIn April 1861, secessionists severed railroad links around [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore \"Baltimore\") to prevent the passage of federal troops and materiel southward. Union general [Benjamin Butler](/wiki/Benjamin_Butler \"Benjamin Butler\") entered the city the following month and took over administration from civilian authorities, despite having no federal authority to do so.\n\n",
"### *Ex parte Milligan* (1863\\)\n\nOn September 15, 1863, President [Lincoln](/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln \"Abraham Lincoln\") imposed Congressionally authorized martial law on Maryland and Missouri. The authorizing act allowed the President to suspend *habeas corpus* and civil rights throughout the entire United States (which he had already done under his own authority on April 27, 1861\\). Lincoln imposed the suspension on \"prisoners of war, spies, or aiders and abettors of the enemy,\" as well as on other classes of people, such as draft dodgers. The President's proclamation was challenged in *[Ex parte Milligan](/wiki/Ex_parte_Milligan \"Ex parte Milligan\")*, 71 US 2 \\[1866]. The Supreme Court ruled that Lincoln's imposition of martial law (by way of suspension of *habeas corpus*) was unconstitutional in areas where the local courts were still in session.\n\n",
"### The Great Chicago Fire (1871\\)\n\n[thumb\\|225px\\|upright\\=1\\.5\\|Artist's rendering of the Great Chicago Fire](/wiki/File:Chicago_in_Flames_by_Currier_%26_Ives%2C_1871_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Chicago in Flames by Currier & Ives, 1871 (cropped).jpg\")\nIn response to the [Great Chicago Fire](/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire \"Great Chicago Fire\") of 1871, [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago \"Chicago\") mayor [Roswell B. Mason](/wiki/Roswell_B._Mason \"Roswell B. Mason\") declared a state of martial law and placed General [Philip Sheridan](/wiki/Philip_Sheridan \"Philip Sheridan\") in charge of the city on October 9, 1871\\. After the fire was extinguished, there were no widespread disturbances and martial law was lifted within a few days.Morris, Roy, Jr. (1992\\). *Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan*, Crown Publishing, pp. 335–338\\. .\n\n",
"### Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1892\\)\n\nIn 1892, in [Coeur d'Alene, Idaho](/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene%2C_Idaho \"Coeur d'Alene, Idaho\"), striking mineworkers blew up a mill and shot at strike\\-breaking workers. The explosion leveled a four\\-story building and killed one person. The governor declared martial law. At the same time, a request was made for federal troops to back guardsmen. Over 600 people were arrested. The list was whittled down to two dozen [ringleaders](/wiki/wikt:Ringleader \"Ringleader\") who were tried in the military court. While in prison, the mine workers formed a new union, the [Western Federation of Miners](/wiki/Western_Federation_of_Miners \"Western Federation of Miners\").\n\n",
"### San Francisco earthquake of 1906\n\nFollowing the [earthquake of 1906](/wiki/Earthquake_of_1906 \"Earthquake of 1906\"), the federal troops stationed in the Presidio were pressed into martial law service. They were posted throughout the city, and all dynamite was confiscated. The dynamite was used to destroy buildings in the path of fires to prevent the fires from spreading.\n\n",
"### Colorado Coalfield War (1914 and 1917\\)\n\nIn 1914, the imposition of martial law climaxed during the [Colorado Coalfield War](/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War \"Colorado Coalfield War\"). Dating back decades, the conflicts came to a head in [Ludlow, Colorado](/wiki/Ludlow%2C_Colorado \"Ludlow, Colorado\"), in 1913\\. The [Colorado National Guard](/wiki/Colorado_National_Guard \"Colorado National Guard\") was called in to quell the strikers. For a time, the peace was kept, but it is reported that the make\\-up of the Guard stationed at the mines began to shift from impartial normal troops to companies of loyal mine guards. Clashes increased and the proclamation of martial law was made by the governor, eventually resulting in the [Ludlow Massacre](/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre \"Ludlow Massacre\"). [President Wilson](/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson \"Woodrow Wilson\") sent in federal troops, eventually ending the violence.\n\nOn August 19, 1917, the Spokane office of the [Industrial Workers of the World](/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World \"Industrial Workers of the World\") (IWW, or Wobblies) was raided, leaders arrested, and martial law was declared. The military authority was the National Guard, controlled by the U.S. War Department. This occurred in reaction to a demand by IWW leader James Rowan that all prisoners of the \"class war\" (he meant Wobbly strikers and strike leaders involved in a statewide lumber strike) be released or Spokane would face a general strike. The repression of the democratic, radical union in Spokane and across the state took place in the context of the Wobbly\\-led loggers' and sawmill workers' ongoing strike for the eight\\-hour day and sanitary conditions in the camps. The IWW was militant, radical, vocal and consistently nonviolent. The larger context of the repression of the union was war hysteria, combined with employer opposition to union demands. The nationwide suppression of the IWW during the war involved physical violence, vandalism, and the imprisonment of hundreds of union members and leaders.\n\n",
"### West Virginia Coal Wars (1920\\-1921\\)\n\nDuring the events of the [West Virginia Coal Wars](/wiki/West_Virginia_Coal_Wars \"West Virginia Coal Wars\") (1920–1921\\), martial law was declared in the state of West Virginia. At the behest of [Governor Cornwell](/wiki/John_J._Cornwell \"John J. Cornwell\"), federal troops had been dispatched to Mingo County to deal with the striking miners. The army officer in charge acted, ostensibly, under the [Suspension Clause of Article I of the United States Constitution](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution%23Section_9:Limits_on_Congress \"Limits on Congress\") (selectively; accounts show that he jailed only union miners), and did not allow assembly of any kind. If his soldiers found any union miners, they immediately took them and imprisoned them. The jails filled up so quickly that he had to release miners. As it went, miners were arrested, jailed, and released without any sort of trial. After a time, when the trial of [Sid Hatfield](/wiki/Sid_Hatfield \"Sid Hatfield\") began, the military occupation and \"veritable [military dictatorship](/wiki/Military_dictatorship \"Military dictatorship\")\" (Governor Cornwell) of the army officer ended. Many of the miners were not released from jail. It was only the first of three times that federal troops would be called to quiet the miners in the West Virginia Mine War.\n\n",
"### Minneapolis, Minnesota (1934\\)\n\nIn 1934, [Minnesota](/wiki/Minnesota \"Minnesota\") Governor [Floyd B. Olson](/wiki/Floyd_B._Olson \"Floyd B. Olson\") placed the city of [Minneapolis](/wiki/Minneapolis \"Minneapolis\") under martial law and deployed the National Guardsmen of the [34th Infantry Division](/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_%28United_States%29 \"34th Infantry Division (United States)\") due to escalating violence during the [Minneapolis general strike of 1934](/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934 \"Minneapolis general strike of 1934\") after [Bloody Friday](/wiki/Bloody_Friday_%28Minneapolis%29 \"Bloody Friday (Minneapolis)\") when police opened fire on picketers.\n\nOn July 26, and these deaths of protesters at the hands of the police, Farmer\\-Labor governor Olson declared martial law and mobilized four thousand National Guardsmen of the 34th Infantry. Following this mobilization, there was no further loss of life.\n\nBetween July 26 and August 1, the National Guard began issuing operating permits to truck drivers, and engaging in roving patrols, curfews, and security details. On August 1, National Guard troops seized strike headquarters and placed arrested union leaders in a stockade at the state fairgrounds in Saint Paul. The next day, the headquarters were restored to the union and the leaders released from the stockade, as the National Guard carried out a token raid on the Citizens Alliance headquarters.\n\nThe union appealed to the Central Labor Union for a general strike and the governor issued an ultimatum that he would stop all trucks by midnight, August 5, if there was no settlement. Nevertheless, by August 14, there were thousands of trucks operating under military permits. Although the strike was gravely weakened by martial law and economic pressure, union leaders made it clear that it would continue.\n\nOn August 21, a federal mediator got acceptance of a settlement proposal from A. W. Strong, head of the Citizens Alliance, incorporating the union's major demands. The settlement was ratified and the back of employer resistance to unionization in Minneapolis was broken.\n\n",
"### San Francisco, California (1934\\)\n\nIn 1934, [California](/wiki/California \"California\") Governor [Frank Merriam](/wiki/Frank_Merriam \"Frank Merriam\") placed the docks of [San Francisco](/wiki/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") under martial law, citing \"riots and tumult\" resulting from a [dock worker's strike](/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike \"1934 West Coast waterfront strike\"). The governor threatened to place the entire city under martial law. The National Guard was called in to open the docks, and a citywide institution of martial law was averted when goods began to flow. The guardsmen were empowered to make arrests and to then try detainees or turn them over to the courts.\n\n",
"### Territory of Hawaii in World War II (1941\\-1944\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|225px\\|Hawaii was put under martial law after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/File:The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg \"The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg\")\nDuring [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") (1939–1945\\) what is now the [State of Hawaii](/wiki/State_of_Hawaii \"State of Hawaii\") was held under martial law from December 7, 1941, to October 24, 1944, following the [Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor \"Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor\"). During 1942, the army's Hawaii District was commanded by [Ralph McT. Pennell](/wiki/Ralph_McT._Pennell \"Ralph McT. Pennell\"), who coordinated the defenses of Hawaii and reported to the military governor. After the war, one of the federal judges for the islands, [Judge J. Frank McLaughln](/wiki/Joseph_Frank_McLaughlin \"Joseph Frank McLaughlin\"), condemned the conduct of martial law, saying, \"[Gov. Poindexter](/wiki/Joseph_Poindexter \"Joseph Poindexter\") declared lawfully martial law but the Army went beyond the governor and set up that which was lawful only in conquered enemy territory namely, [military government](/wiki/Military_occupation \"Military occupation\") which is not bound by the Constitution. And they ... threw the Constitution into the discard and set up a [military dictatorship](/wiki/Military_dictatorship \"Military dictatorship\").\"\n\n",
"### Russell County, Alabama (1954–55\\)\n\nAlabama Governor [Gordon Persons](/wiki/Gordon_Persons \"Gordon Persons\") placed Russell County under martial law in June 1954 due to the pervasive influence of [organized crime](/wiki/Organized_crime \"Organized crime\") gangs. The National Guard assumed law enforcement duties in the county for the remainder of the year, shut down gang\\-controlled establishments, and oversaw the first lawful elections in decades.\n\n",
"### Freedom Riders (1961\\)\n\nOn May 21, 1961, [Governor Patterson](/wiki/John_Malcolm_Patterson \"John Malcolm Patterson\") of [Alabama](/wiki/Alabama \"Alabama\") declared martial law \"as a result of outside agitators coming into Alabama to violate our laws and customs\" which had led to \"outbreaks of lawlessness and mob action.\" The \"outside agitators\" were \"[Freedom Riders](/wiki/Freedom_Riders \"Freedom Riders\")\", peaceful [civil rights](/wiki/Civil_rights \"Civil rights\") activists challenging the already\\-illegal [racial segregation](/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States \"Racial segregation in the United States\") in [the South](/wiki/Southern_United_States \"Southern United States\").\n\n",
"### 2007 National Defense Authorization Act\n\nH.R. 5122, also known as the [John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007](/wiki/John_Warner_National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2007 \"John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007\") was a bill passed in the United States Congress on September 29, 2006, and signed by President George W. Bush on October 17, 2006, becoming Public Law 109\\-364\\. In addition to allocating funding for the armed forces, it also gave the president the power to declare martial law and to take command of the National Guard units of each state without the consent of state governors.\n\nOn April 2, 2007, US Senate held hearings about recent changes to the [Insurrection Act of 1807](/wiki/Insurrection_Act_of_1807 \"Insurrection Act of 1807\"), (in Sec 1072 of Defense Authorization Act) where Sen. [Patrick Leahy](/wiki/Patrick_Leahy \"Patrick Leahy\") of Vermont sought to reverse the 2006 amendments to the Insurrection Act, which had given the US President new powers to use military for domestic disturbance, terrorism, insurrection, etc, and even changed the name from \"Insurrection Act\" to \"Enforcement of the Laws to Restore Public Order.\" In the Senate Hearing, Senator [Kit Bond](/wiki/Kit_Bond \"Kit Bond\") testified: \"Mr. Chairman, the measure that was included in last year's congressional Defense Authorization Act I think was ill\\-conceived, unnecessary, and dumb. Even some of the members of the [SASC](/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services \"United States Senate Committee on Armed Services\") who should have did not know about it. But this is an influential panel, and you know how it has changed the old law, and we now know that all 50 of our Nation's Governors, Adjutants General, and local law enforcement are opposed to it. Nobody knows where it came from. Allowing the President to invoke the Act and declare martial law where public order breaks down as a result of natural disaster, epidemic, terrorist attack, is very ambiguous and gives him broad authority potentially to usurp the role of the Governors\".\n\nBased on opposition by Congress, individual state Governors, law enforcement community, and absence of clarity on who even introduced these changes, the 'Enforcement of the Laws to Restore Public Order' law was repealed on January 28, 2008, (based on Sen. Pat Leahy's S. 513 proposal to repeal) and the previous Insurrection Act was restored. As of 2020, the Insurrection Act of 1807 still applies in limiting a US President's ability under Title 10 to federalize National Guard troops for martial law purposes.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n* Macomb, Alexander, Major General of the United States Army, [*The Practice of Courts\\-Martial*](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sl4NAAAAIAAJ), (New York: Harper \\& Brothers, 1841\\) 154 pages.\n* [Macomb, Alexander](/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_%28American_general%29 \"Alexander Macomb (American general)\"), [Major General](/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army \"Commanding General of the United States Army\") of the [United States Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\"), [*A Treatise on Martial Law, and Courts\\-Martial as Practiced in the United States*](https://books.google.com/books?id=uuxhjlFF4Q8C). (Charleston: J. Hoff, 1809\\), republished (New York: Lawbook Exchange, 2007\\). .\n* *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics*. Edited by Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Oxford University Press, 2004\\.\n* *Black's Law Dictionary: Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern*. Henry Campbell Black. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1979\\.\n\n[Category: Emergency laws in the United States](/wiki/Category:Emergency_laws_in_the_United_States \"Emergency laws in the United States\")\n[United States](/wiki/Category:Martial_law \"Martial law\")\n[Category: Military law](/wiki/Category:Military_law \"Military law\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Hampshire Field Club & Archaeological Society
|
{
"id": [
31804499
],
"name": [
"Usernamekiran (AWB)"
]
}
|
fad2zj41o24aqfl4i2u3qbysdblmrot
|
2023-01-29T21:02:39Z
| 1,130,691,987 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Selected publications",
"Monographs",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Hampshire Field Club \\& Archaeological Society** is a local history and archaeological society for [Hampshire](/wiki/Hampshire \"Hampshire\"), England. It was founded in 1885 by [Thomas W. Shore](/wiki/Thomas_W._Shore \"Thomas W. Shore\"). It publishes a newsletter, monographs and other longer publications, and a journal *Hampshire Studies: Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society*. The society has published the second series of Hampshire Papers since 2015, following on from the first series which was published by the [Hampshire Record Office](/wiki/Hampshire_Record_Office \"Hampshire Record Office\") between 1991 and 2010\\.\n\n",
"Selected publications\n---------------------\n\n### Monographs\n\n* *The Archaeology of Hampshire*, S.J. Shennan and R.T. Schadla\\-Hall (eds) (1980\\)\n* *The Prehistoric Settlement at Winnall Down, Winchester*, P.J. Fasham (1985\\)\n* *Excavations on the Romano\\-British Small Town at Neatham, Hampshire*, Martin Millett and David Graham (1986\\)\n* *An Anglo\\-Saxon Cemetery at Alton, Hampshire*, V.I. Evison (1988\\)\n* *A Banjo Enclosure in Micheldever Wood, Hampshire*, P.J. Fasham (1987\\)\n* *The Archaeological Site at Easton Lane, Winchester*, P.J. Fasham, D.E. Farwell and R.J.B. Whinney (1989\\)\n* *Archaeology and the M3*, P.J. Fasham and R.J.B. Whinney (1991\\)\n* *Romsey Abbey, Report on the Excavations, 1973\\-91*, I.R. Scott (1997\\)\n* *Twyford Down, Hampshire: Archaeological Investigations on the M3 Motorway from Bar End to Compton, 1990\\-93*, K.E. Walker and D.E. Farwell (2000\\)\n* *Basing House, Hampshire. Excavations 1978\\-1991*, D. Allen and S. Anderson (1999\\)\n* *Sparsholt Roman Villa, Hampshire* (Please see above.), D.E. Johnston \\& J. Dicks (2014\\)\n* *Selborne Priory* (Please see above.) D. Baker (2015\\)\n",
"### Monographs\n\n* *The Archaeology of Hampshire*, S.J. Shennan and R.T. Schadla\\-Hall (eds) (1980\\)\n* *The Prehistoric Settlement at Winnall Down, Winchester*, P.J. Fasham (1985\\)\n* *Excavations on the Romano\\-British Small Town at Neatham, Hampshire*, Martin Millett and David Graham (1986\\)\n* *An Anglo\\-Saxon Cemetery at Alton, Hampshire*, V.I. Evison (1988\\)\n* *A Banjo Enclosure in Micheldever Wood, Hampshire*, P.J. Fasham (1987\\)\n* *The Archaeological Site at Easton Lane, Winchester*, P.J. Fasham, D.E. Farwell and R.J.B. Whinney (1989\\)\n* *Archaeology and the M3*, P.J. Fasham and R.J.B. Whinney (1991\\)\n* *Romsey Abbey, Report on the Excavations, 1973\\-91*, I.R. Scott (1997\\)\n* *Twyford Down, Hampshire: Archaeological Investigations on the M3 Motorway from Bar End to Compton, 1990\\-93*, K.E. Walker and D.E. Farwell (2000\\)\n* *Basing House, Hampshire. Excavations 1978\\-1991*, D. Allen and S. Anderson (1999\\)\n* *Sparsholt Roman Villa, Hampshire* (Please see above.), D.E. Johnston \\& J. Dicks (2014\\)\n* *Selborne Priory* (Please see above.) D. Baker (2015\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Clubs and societies in Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Clubs_and_societies_in_Hampshire \"Clubs and societies in Hampshire\")\n[Category:History of Hampshire](/wiki/Category:History_of_Hampshire \"History of Hampshire\")\n[Category:1885 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1885_establishments_in_England \"1885 establishments in England\")\n[Category:Archaeological organizations](/wiki/Category:Archaeological_organizations \"Archaeological organizations\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Knut Magne Flølo
|
{
"id": [
719157
],
"name": [
"Oceanh"
]
}
|
lwfqmvgwarcasfy5tuvswdun0cmn8yh
|
2023-09-24T21:52:21Z
| 1,169,102,006 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Knut Magne Flølo** (born 18 November 1949\\) is a Norwegian politician.\n\nHe was elected deputy representative to the [Storting](/wiki/Storting \"Storting\") for the period of 2017–2021 for the [Progress Party](/wiki/Progress_Party_%28Norway%29 \"Progress Party (Norway)\"). He replaced [Jon Georg Dale](/wiki/Jon_Georg_Dale \"Jon Georg Dale\") in the Storting in October 2017\\. He has served as mayor of [Vestnes](/wiki/Vestnes \"Vestnes\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1949 births](/wiki/Category:1949_births \"1949 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People from Vestnes](/wiki/Category:People_from_Vestnes \"People from Vestnes\")\n[Category:Progress Party (Norway) politicians](/wiki/Category:Progress_Party_%28Norway%29_politicians \"Progress Party (Norway) politicians\")\n[Category:Mayors of places in Møre og Romsdal](/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_places_in_M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal \"Mayors of places in Møre og Romsdal\")\n[Category:Members of the Storting](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Storting \"Members of the Storting\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
San Rocco a Pilli
|
{
"id": [
19404073
],
"name": [
"Liz"
]
}
|
q4mqihp68qteawiz0ddpci04oihqs9o
|
2023-01-18T19:18:40Z
| 1,126,058,722 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Sports",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**San Rocco a Pilli** is a town in [Tuscany](/wiki/Tuscany \"Tuscany\"), central [Italy](/wiki/Italy \"Italy\"), administratively a [frazione](/wiki/Frazione \"Frazione\") of the [comune](/wiki/Comune \"Comune\") of [Sovicille](/wiki/Sovicille \"Sovicille\"), [province of Siena](/wiki/Province_of_Siena \"Province of Siena\"). At the time of the 2001 census its population was 2,288\\. [Popolazione residente \\- Siena (dettaglio loc. abitate) \\- Censimento 2001](http://dawinci.istat.it/MD/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=m0GG0c0I0&a2=mG0Y8048f8&n=1UH90007SN5&v=1UH07B07SM50000), [Istat](/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_%28Italy%29 \"National Institute of Statistics (Italy)\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe discovery of objects of Etruscan and Roman origins demonstrates how the area where the town is located has been inhabited since ancient times. [San Rocco A Pilli](http://www.comune.sovicille.siena.it/Main.aspx?ID=346) on comune.sovicille.siena.it.\n\n",
"Sports\n------\n\nTuscany Camp, an elite athletics training camp that hosts many Ugandan and Burundian athletes, is based in San Rocco a Pilli.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Frazioni of Sovicille](/wiki/Category:Frazioni_of_Sovicille \"Frazioni of Sovicille\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Eban, Dzheyrakhsky District
|
{
"id": [
44377010
],
"name": [
"WikiEditor1234567123"
]
}
|
4g8kked4jysoa5ug554bgf22o81yjiw
|
2024-02-24T21:28:14Z
| 1,153,320,824 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Geography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Eban** (; ) is a small village in the [Dzheyrakhsky district](/wiki/Dzheyrakhsky_District \"Dzheyrakhsky District\") of [Ingushetia, Russia](/wiki/Ingushetia \"Ingushetia\"). It is known for its ancestral association with the teip Obankhoy. The village is situated on the steep right bank of the [Armkhi River](/wiki/Armkhi \"Armkhi\"), near the [Georgian Military Highway](/wiki/Georgian_Military_Road \"Georgian Military Road\"), and is known for its tower\\-style houses. The name Eban is thought to have originated from a proper noun, although the exact etymology is obscured. *Suleymanov A.S. ,Toponomy of Checheno\\-Ingushetia. Grozny, 1978, p. 7\\-17* As of 2017, the village does not have any streets or alleys, but according to the 1926 census, there were more than 30 Obankhoy people living in the area.[Закон РИ от 23 февраля 2009 года № 5\\-РЗ «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа»](http://www.parlamentri.ru/docs/mests_more.php?id=129_0_6_10_M) (Law of the Republic of Ingushetia as of February 23, 2009 № 5\\-РЗ *«On establishing boundaries of municipal localities of the Republic of Ingushetia and issuing them statuses of a rural settlement, municipal district and urban district.»*)\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nEban is located in the [Caucasus Mountains](/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains \"Caucasus Mountains\"), in the [Dzheyrakhsky district](/wiki/Dzheyrakhsky_district \"Dzheyrakhsky district\") of [Ingushetia, Russia](/wiki/Ingushetia%2C_Russia \"Ingushetia, Russia\"). The village is situated on the steep right bank of the Armkhi River, near the Georgian Military Highway. It is known for its ancestral association with the teip Obankhoy and its tower\\-style houses.\n\nThe village is also the site of a castle complex, which consists of the remains of residential towers, battle towers, and a manor house. The castle is located on the slopes of the mountain and is in poor condition, requiring restoration.\n\nEban is said to have a rich cultural history, as evidenced by the legends and traditions associated with the village. According to one legend, a boy who survived the destruction of Eban was taken in and raised by a woman in another village. When he grew up, he returned to Eban and became a symbol of resilience and tenacity for the Obankhoevites.[https://goru.travel/place/bashennyy\\-kompleks\\-eban](https://goru.travel/place/bashennyy-kompleks-eban)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Rural localities in Ingushetia](/wiki/Category:Rural_localities_in_Ingushetia \"Rural localities in Ingushetia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Henry Frederick Amedroz
|
{
"id": [
12824384
],
"name": [
"Chewings72"
]
}
|
1alnh6lxdo6oxao3we6zqfknl6zbf3k
|
2024-10-17T09:18:50Z
| 1,083,129,635 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Selected works",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Henry Frederick Amedroz** (8 November 1854 – March 1917\\) was a leading British [orientalist](/wiki/Oriental_studies \"Oriental studies\").\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nAmedroz was born in London, the eldest of the two sons of Henry Frederick Amedroz, a secretary to the First Lord of the Navy, and Magdalene Judith Thornton. He was of French Huguenot descent through his father, and through his mother he was descended from a mixed\\-race family of planters from [Grenada](/wiki/Grenada \"Grenada\").\n\nAmedroz was educated at [Winchester College](/wiki/Winchester_College \"Winchester College\"), gaining an entrance scholarship there in 1866\\. Amedroz tried to embark on an army career, but was rejected on medical grounds. He attended what is now [University College London](/wiki/University_College_London \"University College London\") was called to the bar in 1882 and spent several years working as a bar reporter in the Chancery Courts. During this period he began to study Arabic. Wealthy thanks to an inheritance from his mother's family, he was able to retire while still in his forties, and became a noted scholar of the early Islamic period, with a particular focus on the history of manuscripts and of coins.\n\nHis books include *The historical remains of Hilāl al\\-Sābi* (1904\\) and *History of Damascus, 263\\-555 A.H., by Ibn al\\-Qalānisi* (1908\\), while journal articles appeared in *The Journal of the Asiatic Society*, as well as German and Italian academic publications. He served on the council for the [Royal Asiatic Society](/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society \"Royal Asiatic Society\") from 1912 to 1915, was one of the [Gibb Trustees](/wiki/Elias_John_Wilkinson_Gibb \"Elias John Wilkinson Gibb\"), and was a fellow of the [Royal Numismatic Society](/wiki/Royal_Numismatic_Society \"Royal Numismatic Society\").\n[thumb\\|Amedroz family vault in [Highgate Cemetery](/wiki/Highgate_Cemetery \"Highgate Cemetery\")](/wiki/File:Amedroz_family_vault_in_Highgate_Cemetery.jpg \"Amedroz family vault in Highgate Cemetery.jpg\")\nAmedroz never married, and died childless in March 1917\\.\n\n",
"Selected works\n--------------\n\n* *The Mazalim Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi* (1911\\)\n* *The Office of Kadi in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi* (1908\\)\n* *The Hisba Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi* (1916\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1854 births](/wiki/Category:1854_births \"1854 births\")\n[Category:1917 deaths](/wiki/Category:1917_deaths \"1917 deaths\")\n[Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery](/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Highgate_Cemetery \"Burials at Highgate Cemetery\")\n[Category:English orientalists](/wiki/Category:English_orientalists \"English orientalists\")\n[Category:English Arabists](/wiki/Category:English_Arabists \"English Arabists\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ying Wei
|
{
"id": [
6941696
],
"name": [
"WikiEditor50"
]
}
|
sjje80pa6yai0vzhv2vrau499nuf419
|
2023-03-08T13:39:58Z
| 1,143,556,869 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ying Wei** is a statistician and a professor of [biostatistics](/wiki/Biostatistics \"Biostatistics\") in the [Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health](/wiki/Columbia_University_Mailman_School_of_Public_Health \"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health\"), working primarily on [quantile regression](/wiki/Quantile_regression \"Quantile regression\"), [semiparametric models](/wiki/Semiparametric_model \"Semiparametric model\") of [longitudinal data](/wiki/Longitudinal_data \"Longitudinal data\"), and their applications.\n\nWei graduated with a B.S. degree in 1998 and a master's degree in 2001 from the [University of Science and Technology of China](/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China \"University of Science and Technology of China\"). In 2004, Wei earned her Ph.D. in statistics from the [University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign](/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign \"University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign\"). Her dissertation, *Longitudinal Growth Charts Based on Semiparametric Quantile Regression*, was completed under the supervision of [Xuming He](/wiki/Xuming_He \"Xuming He\").\nSince 2004, Wei has been a faculty member of [Biostatistics](/wiki/Biostatistics \"Biostatistics\") in the [Columbia University](/wiki/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\"), and also an affiliated member of the Data Science Institute.\n\nIn 2011, Wei received the Noether Young Scholar Award of the [American Statistical Association](/wiki/American_Statistical_Association \"American Statistical Association\"), \"for outstanding early contributions to [nonparametric statistics](/wiki/Nonparametric_statistics \"Nonparametric statistics\").\" In 2015, Wei was elected as a [Fellow of the American Statistical Association](/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Statistical_Association \"Fellow of the American Statistical Association\"). Wei is also an elected member of the [International Statistical Institute](/wiki/International_Statistical_Institute \"International Statistical Institute\"). In 2020 she was named as a Fellow of the [Institute of Mathematical Statistics](/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Statistics \"Institute of Mathematical Statistics\") \"for contributions to the development, dissemination, and application of mathematical statistics\".\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Home page](https://yingweistat.com/)\n\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American statisticians](/wiki/Category:American_statisticians \"American statisticians\")\n[Category:Chinese statisticians](/wiki/Category:Chinese_statisticians \"Chinese statisticians\")\n[Category:Women statisticians](/wiki/Category:Women_statisticians \"Women statisticians\")\n[Category:University of Science and Technology of China alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China_alumni \"University of Science and Technology of China alumni\")\n[Category:University of Illinois Urbana\\-Champaign alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign_alumni \"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni\")\n[Category:Columbia University faculty](/wiki/Category:Columbia_University_faculty \"Columbia University faculty\")\n[Category:Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute](/wiki/Category:Elected_Members_of_the_International_Statistical_Institute \"Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute\")\n[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association](/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_American_Statistical_Association \"Fellows of the American Statistical Association\")\n[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics](/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Institute_of_Mathematical_Statistics \"Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics\")\n\n"
]
}
|
La Fiera Letteraria
|
{
"id": [
7701499
],
"name": [
"Cavarrone"
]
}
|
l3q27tyayztgnh9ueh16su9dnvvfy6i
|
2023-03-07T10:17:34Z
| 1,086,346,879 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Directors",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***La Fiera Letteraria*** ([Italian](/wiki/Italian_language \"Italian language\"): *Literary Fair*) was a weekly Italian [magazine](/wiki/Magazine \"Magazine\") of letters, sciences and arts. It was founded in 1925 with the subtitle *Weekly Magazine of Letters, Sciences and Arts* and was published until 1977\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n*La Fiera Letteraria* had over fifty years of publications history, numerous changes of directors and publisher while still maintaining the weekly frequency. Over the course of its existence, publishers and printers were more than twenty.\n\nThe magazine was founded in [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") on 13 December 1925 under the directorship of [Umberto Fracchia](/wiki/Umberto_Fracchia \"Umberto Fracchia\"). It was inspired by the name and methods of *Frusta letteraria*, the magazine founded in [Venice](/wiki/Venice \"Venice\") by [Giuseppe Baretti](/wiki/Giuseppe_Marc%27Antonio_Baretti \"Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti\") in 1763\\. The folio was six or eight pages, the standard for the era.\n\nFrom 12 of 1928 the seat was transferred to Rome under the direction of [Giovanni Battista Angioletti](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Angioletti \"Giovanni Battista Angioletti\") and [Curzio Malaparte](/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte \"Curzio Malaparte\"). From April 1929 the magazine took the name of *La Fiera Letteraria Italia* (The Literary Fair was retained as a subtitle for the rest of the year), continuing to exist until 1936, when the publications ceased for the first time. Subsequently, [Curzio Malaparte](/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte \"Curzio Malaparte\") founded the *[Meridiano di Roma (rivista)](/wiki/Meridiano_di_Roma \"Meridiano di Roma\")*, which continued its weekly publications until 1943\\.\n\nIn 1946, the magazine resumed the publications with the original title of *La Fiera Letteraria*, still under the directorship of Angioletti and with an editing team made up by [Corrado Alvaro](/wiki/Corrado_Alvaro \"Corrado Alvaro\"), [Emilio Cecchi](/wiki/Emilio_Cecchi \"Emilio Cecchi\"), [Gianfranco Contini](/wiki/Gianfranco_Contini \"Gianfranco Contini\") and [Giuseppe Ungaretti](/wiki/Giuseppe_Ungaretti \"Giuseppe Ungaretti\").\n\nIn the postwar period, the magazine resumed the debate of the first series focusing on themes and issues of cultural and literary character.\n\nIn 1966 the magazine adopted the tabloid format to highlight its modernization process.\n\n*La Fiera Letteraria* suspended activities for two years, from 1969 to 1970 and resumed in 1971 but due to economic difficulties and funding, ended in 1977\\.\n\n",
"Directors\n---------\n\n* [Umberto Fracchia](/wiki/Umberto_Fracchia \"Umberto Fracchia\") (1925 \\- 1928\\)\n*In 1928 the magazine was transferred to Rome*\n* [Giovanni Battista Angioletti](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Angioletti \"Giovanni Battista Angioletti\") and [Curzio Malaparte](/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte \"Curzio Malaparte\") (1928 \\- November 1931\\)\n* [Giovanni Battista Angioletti](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Angioletti \"Giovanni Battista Angioletti\") (December 4, 1931 \\- July 17, 1932\\)\n* [Corrado Pavolini](/wiki/Corrado_Pavolini \"Corrado Pavolini\") (July 24, 1932 \\- January 5, 1935\\)\n* Armando Ghelardini (January 12 \\- December 1935\\)\n* [Massimo Bontempelli](/wiki/Massimo_Bontempelli \"Massimo Bontempelli\") (January \\- 6 December 1936\\)\n*1937\\-1945: Suspension of publications*\n* [Giovanni Battista Angioletti](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Angioletti \"Giovanni Battista Angioletti\") (1946 \\- 1948\\)\n* [Enrico Fulchignoni](/wiki/Enrico_Fulchignoni \"Enrico Fulchignoni\") (up to No. 11 of 1948\\)\n* [Pietro Paolo Trompeo](/wiki/Pietro_Paolo_Trompeo \"Pietro Paolo Trompeo\") (from No. 12 of 1948\\)\n* [Vincenzo Cardarelli](/wiki/Vincenzo_Cardarelli \"Vincenzo Cardarelli\") and [Diego Fabbri](/wiki/Diego_Fabbri \"Diego Fabbri\") (No. 6 of 1949\\)\n* [Diego Fabbri](/wiki/Diego_Fabbri \"Diego Fabbri\") (from No. 28 of 1959, Editor\\-in\\-Chief Gino Montesanto )\n* Manlio Cancogni (from No. 26 of 1967\\)\n*1969\\-1970: suspension of publications*\n* [Giuseppe Giardina](/wiki/Giuseppe_Giardina \"Giuseppe Giardina\") (from No. 1 of 1971 to 1977\\)\n* Eraldo Miscia, Antonio Spinosa and Ferdinando Virdia co\\-directors (from No. 76 of 1976\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1925 establishments in Italy](/wiki/Category:1925_establishments_in_Italy \"1925 establishments in Italy\")\n[Category:1977 disestablishments in Italy](/wiki/Category:1977_disestablishments_in_Italy \"1977 disestablishments in Italy\")\n[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in Italy](/wiki/Category:Defunct_literary_magazines_published_in_Italy \"Defunct literary magazines published in Italy\")\n[Category:Italian\\-language magazines](/wiki/Category:Italian-language_magazines \"Italian-language magazines\")\n[Category:Magazines established in 1925](/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_1925 \"Magazines established in 1925\")\n[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1977](/wiki/Category:Magazines_disestablished_in_1977 \"Magazines disestablished in 1977\")\n[Category:Magazines published in Milan](/wiki/Category:Magazines_published_in_Milan \"Magazines published in Milan\")\n[Category:Magazines published in Rome](/wiki/Category:Magazines_published_in_Rome \"Magazines published in Rome\")\n[Category:Weekly magazines published in Italy](/wiki/Category:Weekly_magazines_published_in_Italy \"Weekly magazines published in Italy\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Sambuceto
|
{
"id": [
20585603
],
"name": [
"Bot1058"
]
}
|
0rka6n8edxxx0s8xj37xhaoe3um5a3l
|
2019-12-30T00:43:07Z
| 812,823,166 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Sambuceto"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Sambuceto** may refer to:\n\n* [Sambuceto (Bomba)](/wiki/Sambuceto_%28Bomba%29 \"Sambuceto (Bomba)\"), a frazione in Italy\n* [Sambuceto (San Giovanni Teatino)](/wiki/Sambuceto_%28San_Giovanni_Teatino%29 \"Sambuceto (San Giovanni Teatino)\"), a frazione in Italy\n\n"
]
}
|
American Metal Company
|
{
"id": [
47276500
],
"name": [
"NuoYoub"
]
}
|
5wk634t1deramaf767g9bmvc5eq29of
|
2024-05-29T15:38:29Z
| 1,164,808,455 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"1910s to 1920s",
"1930s to 1950s",
"Merger",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**American Metal Company** was an American nonferrous metal trading and production company.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe origin of the American Metal Company (AMCO) begins with [Metallgesellschaft AG](/wiki/Metallgesellschaft_AG \"Metallgesellschaft AG\") of Germany, one of whose founders, [Wilhelm Ralph Merton](/wiki/Wilhelm_Ralph_Merton \"Wilhelm Ralph Merton\"), tasked one of his cousins, [Berthold Hochschild](/wiki/Berthold_Hochschild \"Berthold Hochschild\"), to supervise its metal\\-trading business in the United States.Stack, Elizabeth. [Immigrant Entrepreneurship: \"German American Biographies: \"Carl Morris Loeb\"](https://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=139) Retrieved December 21, 2017\n\nHochschild moved to the U.S. in 1884, and the firm was incorporated in New York in 1887\\. AMCO started out as an agent for Metallgesellschaft AG of Germany, the Henry R. Merton \\& Co. (founded by the brother of Wilhelm Ralph Merton) of the United Kingdom, and the [Société Le Nickel](/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Le_Nickel \"Société Le Nickel\") of France (founded by the [Rothschild family](/wiki/Rothschild_family \"Rothschild family\")). Also in 1887, Jacob Langeloth, an executive of Metallgesellschaft in Germany moved to New York to assist Hochschild. The company experienced rapid growth because of a surge in demand for copper, especially in Germany, which then consumed one third of US exports. Under Langeloth, AMCO expanded into production, opening refining plants for lead and copper.\n\n### 1910s to 1920s\n\nPrior to World War I, AMCO made a minority investment in Climax Molybdenum Company, the world's largest producer of [molybdenum](/wiki/Molybdenum \"Molybdenum\"). Named after the [Climax mine](/wiki/Climax_mine \"Climax mine\"), the investment paid off because of the increased demand from the war.[National Mining Hall of Fame: \"Hochschild, Harold K.\"](https://www.mininghalloffame.org/inductee/hochschild-0) retrieved November 29, 2017\n\nIn 1914, after the sudden death of Langeloth, [Carl M. Loeb](/wiki/Carl_M._Loeb \"Carl M. Loeb\"), previously a branch manager, became president of AMCO.Stack, Elizabeth. [Immigrant Entrepreneurship: \"German American Biographies: \"Carl Morris Loeb\"](https://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=139) Retrieved December 21, 2017 Loeb [vertically integrated](/wiki/Vertical_integration \"Vertical integration\") the company by expanding into the ownership of smelting and refining facilities while he secured his supply of raw materials by signing exclusive contracts with large mines to purchase their entire output, and he then processed them at AMCO\\-owned facilities. He also expanded AMCO's activities into Mexico with investments in lead, silver, and zinc mining first as an agent for its parent Metallgesellschaft and later as a direct owner during World War I. In 1917, AMCO refined 250 million pounds of copper, 547 million pounds of zinc, and 168 million pounds of lead. Before the United States entered World War I in October 1917, Metallgesellschaft (then led by [:de:Richard Merton](/wiki/Richard_Merton \"Richard Merton\"), the son of Wilhelm Ralph Merton), transferred its 51% ownership in AMCO to several American citizens, who were also AMCO managers. Once the US entered the war, the country passed the [Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917](/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_of_1917 \"Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917\"), which required German\\-owned business assets to be held by the [Office of Alien Property Custodian](/wiki/Office_of_Alien_Property_Custodian \"Office of Alien Property Custodian\"). Despite Merton's efforts to hide Metallgesellschaft's ownership, Loeb reported to the agency that the assets were in reality still owned by their German parent, and the stock was then transferred into a trust supervised by [Henry Morgenthau Sr.](/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Sr. \"Henry Morgenthau Sr.\"), [Berthold Hochschild](/wiki/Berthold_Hochschild \"Berthold Hochschild\"), and [Joseph F. Guffey](/wiki/Joseph_F._Guffey \"Joseph F. Guffey\").\n\nIn 1918, the Alien Property Custodian sold the 51% stake that it had confiscated at a public auction for $5\\.75 million, with many of the shares being purchased by a syndicate of investors including [Ludwig Vogelstein](/wiki/Ludwig_Vogelstein \"Ludwig Vogelstein\") (who had 20%), [Berthold Hochschild](/wiki/Berthold_Hochschild \"Berthold Hochschild\"), and Loeb. In 1920, Berthold Hochschild was appointed chairman of the board with Loeb as president with and various investors as vice presidents including Otto Sussman, [Henry Bruère](/wiki/Henry_Bru%C3%A8re \"Henry Bruère\"), [Harold K. Hochschild](/wiki/Harold_K._Hochschild \"Harold K. Hochschild\"), Carl's brother Julius Loeb, and Vogelstein. Later, [Andrew Mellon](/wiki/Andrew_Mellon \"Andrew Mellon\") joined the board to represent the government's interest. In 1921, Richard Merton filed a claim with the government asserting that the confiscation of AMCO shares was unlawful, as the shares had been transferred to a Swiss subsidiary before the U.S. joined World War I. He also bribed some government officials to assist in his recovery. Unfortunately for Merton, the bribes were exposed, and the claim rejected (and President Harding's Attorney General [Harry Daugherty](/wiki/Harry_Daugherty \"Harry Daugherty\") was tried twice and acquitted twice for his alleged involvement while Alien Property Custodian [Thomas W. Miller](/wiki/Thomas_W._Miller \"Thomas W. Miller\") was convicted).\n\n### 1930s to 1950s\n\nIn 1929, Loeb resigned as AMCO's president over a disagreement in AMCO's taking on debt to fund the purchase of copper mining interests in Africa (AMCO had minimized its ownership in mines and instead relied on exclusive supply contracts). The board purchased Loeb's 80,000 shares for eighty\\-five dollars apiece which was fortuitous for Loeb, as the [Wall Street Crash of 1929](/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 \"Wall Street Crash of 1929\") followed later in the year. In 1930, AMCO purchased a major interest in two of the world's largest copper mines in Africa, including the [Roan Antelope Copper Mine](/wiki/Roan_Antelope_Copper_Mine \"Roan Antelope Copper Mine\") in [Luanshya](/wiki/Luanshya \"Luanshya\") (in the [Copperbelt Province](/wiki/Copperbelt_Province \"Copperbelt Province\")) and the [Rhodesian Selection Trust](/wiki/Rhodesian_Selection_Trust \"Rhodesian Selection Trust\") (formed in 1928 by Irish\\-American mining magnate [Alfred Chester Beatty](/wiki/Alfred_Chester_Beatty \"Alfred Chester Beatty\")). In 1934, [Harold K. Hochschild](/wiki/Harold_K._Hochschild \"Harold K. Hochschild\") was elected president of AMCO, and Otto Sussman succeeded the late Ludwig Vogelstein as chairman of the board.\n\nDuring [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), the business boomed from the demand brought about by the war. Under Harold Hochschild's tenure, AMCO expanded into petroleum, potash, and silver. In 1947, Harold was elected as board chairman. In 1950, he was replaced as president by his brother, [Walter Hochschild](/wiki/Walter_Hochschild \"Walter Hochschild\").\n\n### Merger\n\nIn 1957, Hans Vogelstein, nephew of [Ludwig Vogelstein](/wiki/Ludwig_Vogelstein \"Ludwig Vogelstein\"), was named President. The same year, Hans Vogelstein orchestrated the merger of the American Metal Company with the Climax Molybdenum Company. The new entity was renamed AMAX Inc., and Harold Hochschild retired as director. In 1959, Hans Vogelstein resigned and was replaced by Franklin Coolbaugh. In 1993, AMAX merged with the [Cyprus Mines Corporation](/wiki/Cyprus_Mines_Corporation \"Cyprus Mines Corporation\") to form [Cyprus Amax Minerals](/wiki/Cyprus_Amax_Minerals \"Cyprus Amax Minerals\") Company, the world's leading producer of molybdenum and lithium and a leading producer of copper and coal. In 1999, Cyprus Amax Minerals was acquired by [Phelps Dodge](/wiki/Phelps_Dodge \"Phelps Dodge\") Corporation which in turn was acquired by [Freeport\\-McMoRan](/wiki/Freeport-McMoRan \"Freeport-McMoRan\") (NYSE: FCX) in 2007 to form the world's largest copper producer.\n\n",
"### 1910s to 1920s\n\nPrior to World War I, AMCO made a minority investment in Climax Molybdenum Company, the world's largest producer of [molybdenum](/wiki/Molybdenum \"Molybdenum\"). Named after the [Climax mine](/wiki/Climax_mine \"Climax mine\"), the investment paid off because of the increased demand from the war.[National Mining Hall of Fame: \"Hochschild, Harold K.\"](https://www.mininghalloffame.org/inductee/hochschild-0) retrieved November 29, 2017\n\nIn 1914, after the sudden death of Langeloth, [Carl M. Loeb](/wiki/Carl_M._Loeb \"Carl M. Loeb\"), previously a branch manager, became president of AMCO.Stack, Elizabeth. [Immigrant Entrepreneurship: \"German American Biographies: \"Carl Morris Loeb\"](https://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=139) Retrieved December 21, 2017 Loeb [vertically integrated](/wiki/Vertical_integration \"Vertical integration\") the company by expanding into the ownership of smelting and refining facilities while he secured his supply of raw materials by signing exclusive contracts with large mines to purchase their entire output, and he then processed them at AMCO\\-owned facilities. He also expanded AMCO's activities into Mexico with investments in lead, silver, and zinc mining first as an agent for its parent Metallgesellschaft and later as a direct owner during World War I. In 1917, AMCO refined 250 million pounds of copper, 547 million pounds of zinc, and 168 million pounds of lead. Before the United States entered World War I in October 1917, Metallgesellschaft (then led by [:de:Richard Merton](/wiki/Richard_Merton \"Richard Merton\"), the son of Wilhelm Ralph Merton), transferred its 51% ownership in AMCO to several American citizens, who were also AMCO managers. Once the US entered the war, the country passed the [Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917](/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_of_1917 \"Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917\"), which required German\\-owned business assets to be held by the [Office of Alien Property Custodian](/wiki/Office_of_Alien_Property_Custodian \"Office of Alien Property Custodian\"). Despite Merton's efforts to hide Metallgesellschaft's ownership, Loeb reported to the agency that the assets were in reality still owned by their German parent, and the stock was then transferred into a trust supervised by [Henry Morgenthau Sr.](/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Sr. \"Henry Morgenthau Sr.\"), [Berthold Hochschild](/wiki/Berthold_Hochschild \"Berthold Hochschild\"), and [Joseph F. Guffey](/wiki/Joseph_F._Guffey \"Joseph F. Guffey\").\n\nIn 1918, the Alien Property Custodian sold the 51% stake that it had confiscated at a public auction for $5\\.75 million, with many of the shares being purchased by a syndicate of investors including [Ludwig Vogelstein](/wiki/Ludwig_Vogelstein \"Ludwig Vogelstein\") (who had 20%), [Berthold Hochschild](/wiki/Berthold_Hochschild \"Berthold Hochschild\"), and Loeb. In 1920, Berthold Hochschild was appointed chairman of the board with Loeb as president with and various investors as vice presidents including Otto Sussman, [Henry Bruère](/wiki/Henry_Bru%C3%A8re \"Henry Bruère\"), [Harold K. Hochschild](/wiki/Harold_K._Hochschild \"Harold K. Hochschild\"), Carl's brother Julius Loeb, and Vogelstein. Later, [Andrew Mellon](/wiki/Andrew_Mellon \"Andrew Mellon\") joined the board to represent the government's interest. In 1921, Richard Merton filed a claim with the government asserting that the confiscation of AMCO shares was unlawful, as the shares had been transferred to a Swiss subsidiary before the U.S. joined World War I. He also bribed some government officials to assist in his recovery. Unfortunately for Merton, the bribes were exposed, and the claim rejected (and President Harding's Attorney General [Harry Daugherty](/wiki/Harry_Daugherty \"Harry Daugherty\") was tried twice and acquitted twice for his alleged involvement while Alien Property Custodian [Thomas W. Miller](/wiki/Thomas_W._Miller \"Thomas W. Miller\") was convicted).\n\n",
"### 1930s to 1950s\n\nIn 1929, Loeb resigned as AMCO's president over a disagreement in AMCO's taking on debt to fund the purchase of copper mining interests in Africa (AMCO had minimized its ownership in mines and instead relied on exclusive supply contracts). The board purchased Loeb's 80,000 shares for eighty\\-five dollars apiece which was fortuitous for Loeb, as the [Wall Street Crash of 1929](/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 \"Wall Street Crash of 1929\") followed later in the year. In 1930, AMCO purchased a major interest in two of the world's largest copper mines in Africa, including the [Roan Antelope Copper Mine](/wiki/Roan_Antelope_Copper_Mine \"Roan Antelope Copper Mine\") in [Luanshya](/wiki/Luanshya \"Luanshya\") (in the [Copperbelt Province](/wiki/Copperbelt_Province \"Copperbelt Province\")) and the [Rhodesian Selection Trust](/wiki/Rhodesian_Selection_Trust \"Rhodesian Selection Trust\") (formed in 1928 by Irish\\-American mining magnate [Alfred Chester Beatty](/wiki/Alfred_Chester_Beatty \"Alfred Chester Beatty\")). In 1934, [Harold K. Hochschild](/wiki/Harold_K._Hochschild \"Harold K. Hochschild\") was elected president of AMCO, and Otto Sussman succeeded the late Ludwig Vogelstein as chairman of the board.\n\nDuring [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), the business boomed from the demand brought about by the war. Under Harold Hochschild's tenure, AMCO expanded into petroleum, potash, and silver. In 1947, Harold was elected as board chairman. In 1950, he was replaced as president by his brother, [Walter Hochschild](/wiki/Walter_Hochschild \"Walter Hochschild\").\n\n",
"### Merger\n\nIn 1957, Hans Vogelstein, nephew of [Ludwig Vogelstein](/wiki/Ludwig_Vogelstein \"Ludwig Vogelstein\"), was named President. The same year, Hans Vogelstein orchestrated the merger of the American Metal Company with the Climax Molybdenum Company. The new entity was renamed AMAX Inc., and Harold Hochschild retired as director. In 1959, Hans Vogelstein resigned and was replaced by Franklin Coolbaugh. In 1993, AMAX merged with the [Cyprus Mines Corporation](/wiki/Cyprus_Mines_Corporation \"Cyprus Mines Corporation\") to form [Cyprus Amax Minerals](/wiki/Cyprus_Amax_Minerals \"Cyprus Amax Minerals\") Company, the world's leading producer of molybdenum and lithium and a leading producer of copper and coal. In 1999, Cyprus Amax Minerals was acquired by [Phelps Dodge](/wiki/Phelps_Dodge \"Phelps Dodge\") Corporation which in turn was acquired by [Freeport\\-McMoRan](/wiki/Freeport-McMoRan \"Freeport-McMoRan\") (NYSE: FCX) in 2007 to form the world's largest copper producer.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike](/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_Namibian_contract_workers_strike \"1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [AMERICAN METAL COMPANY (LIMITED), THE Trademarks](https://trademarks.justia.com/owners/american-metal-company-limited-the-13443/)\n\n[Category:American companies established in 1887](/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1887 \"American companies established in 1887\")\n[Category:Zinc mining companies](/wiki/Category:Zinc_mining_companies \"Zinc mining companies\")\n\n"
]
}
|
A Glimpse of Paradise
|
{
"id": [
24902
],
"name": [
"Bearcat"
]
}
|
0rfs7xjy7a8j7dyxgw7a8a3exedxmj7
|
2024-10-07T15:20:17Z
| 1,246,145,876 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Cast",
"References",
"Bibliography",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***A Glimpse of Paradise*** is a 1934 British [crime film](/wiki/Crime_film \"Crime film\") directed by [Ralph Ince](/wiki/Ralph_Ince \"Ralph Ince\") and starring [George Carney](/wiki/George_Carney \"George Carney\"), [Eve Lister](/wiki/Eve_Lister \"Eve Lister\") and [Wally Patch](/wiki/Wally_Patch \"Wally Patch\").\n\nIt was made as a [quota quickie](/wiki/Quota_quickie \"Quota quickie\") at [Teddington Studios](/wiki/Teddington_Studios \"Teddington Studios\") by the British subsidiary of [Warner Brothers](/wiki/Warner_Brothers \"Warner Brothers\").Wood p.82 It is now considered a [lost film](/wiki/Lost_film \"Lost film\").\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [George Carney](/wiki/George_Carney \"George Carney\") as Jim Bogsworth\n* [Eve Lister](/wiki/Eve_Lister \"Eve Lister\") as Marion Fielding\n* [Robert Cochran](/wiki/Robert_Cochran_%28actor%29 \"Robert Cochran (actor)\") as Norman Ware\n* [Wally Patch](/wiki/Wally_Patch \"Wally Patch\") as Harry\n* [Winifred Oughton](/wiki/Winifred_Oughton \"Winifred Oughton\") as Mrs. Latter\n* [Roddy Hughes](/wiki/Roddy_Hughes \"Roddy Hughes\") as Walter Fielding\n* [Katie Johnson](/wiki/Katie_Johnson_%28English_actress%29 \"Katie Johnson (English actress)\") as Mrs. Fielding\n* [Margaret Yarde](/wiki/Margaret_Yarde \"Margaret Yarde\") as Mrs. Kidd\n* [D. J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28actor%29 \"D. J. Williams (actor)\") as Bert Kidd\n* [Fred Groves](/wiki/Fred_Groves_%28actor%29 \"Fred Groves (actor)\") as Joshua Ware\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Chibnall, Steve. *Quota Quickies: The Birth of the British 'B' Film*. British Film Institute, 2007\\.\n* Low, Rachael. *Filmmaking in 1930s Britain*. George Allen \\& Unwin, 1985\\.\n* Wood, Linda. *British Films, 1927\\-1939*. British Film Institute, 1986\\.\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1934 films](/wiki/Category:1934_films \"1934 films\")\n[Category:1934 comedy\\-drama films](/wiki/Category:1934_comedy-drama_films \"1934 comedy-drama films\")\n[Category:1934 crime drama films](/wiki/Category:1934_crime_drama_films \"1934 crime drama films\")\n[Category:1934 lost films](/wiki/Category:1934_lost_films \"1934 lost films\")\n[Category:1930s British films](/wiki/Category:1930s_British_films \"1930s British films\")\n[Category:1930s English\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1930s_English-language_films \"1930s English-language films\")\n[Category:British black\\-and\\-white films](/wiki/Category:British_black-and-white_films \"British black-and-white films\")\n[Category:British crime drama films](/wiki/Category:British_crime_drama_films \"British crime drama films\")\n[Category:Films directed by Ralph Ince](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Ralph_Ince \"Films directed by Ralph Ince\")\n[Category:Films shot at Teddington Studios](/wiki/Category:Films_shot_at_Teddington_Studios \"Films shot at Teddington Studios\")\n[Category:Lost British films](/wiki/Category:Lost_British_films \"Lost British films\")\n[Category:Lost crime drama films](/wiki/Category:Lost_crime_drama_films \"Lost crime drama films\")\n[Category:Quota quickies](/wiki/Category:Quota_quickies \"Quota quickies\")\n[Category:Warner Bros. films](/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._films \"Warner Bros. films\")\n[Category:English\\-language crime drama films](/wiki/Category:English-language_crime_drama_films \"English-language crime drama films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Réka Szilágyi
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
skjkehjjj3znq2khta1aenxe5p9amoo
|
2024-08-13T12:11:56Z
| 1,184,013,401 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"International competitions",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Réka Szilágyi** (born 19 January 1996\\) is a Hungarian athlete specialising in the [javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\"). She represented her country at the [2019 World Championships](/wiki/2019_World_Athletics_Championships \"2019 World Athletics Championships\") without qualifying for the final. Earlier that year she finished fourth the [2019 Summer Universiade](/wiki/2019_Summer_Universiade \"2019 Summer Universiade\").\n\nHer personal best in the event is 62\\.45 metres set in Hungary in 2020\\.\n\n",
"International competitions\n--------------------------\n\n|Representing \n\n| |\n| 2013 | [World Youth Championships](/wiki/2013_World_Youth_Championships_in_Athletics \"2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics\") | [Donetsk, Ukraine](/wiki/Donetsk%2C_Ukraine \"Donetsk, Ukraine\") | 4th | Javelin throw | [54\\.24 m](/wiki/2013_World_Youth_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_javelin_throw \"2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics – Girls' javelin throw\") |\n| 2014 | [World Junior Championships](/wiki/2014_World_Junior_Championships_in_Athletics \"2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics\") | [Eugene, United States](/wiki/Eugene%2C_Oregon \"Eugene, Oregon\") | 18th (q) | Javelin throw | [49\\.29 m](/wiki/2014_World_Junior_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| 2015 | [European Junior Championships](/wiki/2015_European_Athletics_Junior_Championships \"2015 European Athletics Junior Championships\") | [Eskilstuna, Sweden](/wiki/Eskilstuna%2C_Sweden \"Eskilstuna, Sweden\") | 4th | Javelin throw | 55\\.91 m |\n| 2016 | [European Championships](/wiki/2016_European_Athletics_Championships \"2016 European Athletics Championships\") | [Amsterdam, Netherlands](/wiki/Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands \"Amsterdam, Netherlands\") | 21st (q) | Javelin throw | [55\\.19 m](/wiki/2016_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2016 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw\") |\n|2017\n\n [European U23 Championships](/wiki/2017_European_Athletics_U23_Championships \"2017 European Athletics U23 Championships\") |\n [Bydgoszcz, Poland](/wiki/Bydgoszcz%2C_Poland \"Bydgoszcz, Poland\") |\n 9th |\n Javelin throw |\n [55\\.53 m](/wiki/2017_European_Athletics_U23_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2017 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| [Universiade](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2017_Summer_Universiade \"Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade\") | [Taipei, Taiwan](/wiki/Taipei%2C_Taiwan \"Taipei, Taiwan\") | 13th | Javelin throw | [52\\.54 m](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2017_Summer_Universiade_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Women's javelin throw\") |\n|2019\n\n [Universiade](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2019_Summer_Universiade \"Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade\") |\n [Naples, Italy](/wiki/Naples%2C_Italy \"Naples, Italy\") |\n 4th |\n Javelin throw |\n [59\\.02 m](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2019_Summer_Universiade_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| [World Championships](/wiki/2019_World_Athletics_Championships \"2019 World Athletics Championships\") | [Doha, Qatar](/wiki/Doha%2C_Qatar \"Doha, Qatar\") | 25th (q) | Javelin throw | [56\\.26 m](/wiki/2019_World_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2019 World Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| 2021 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics\") | [Tokyo, Japan](/wiki/Tokyo%2C_Japan \"Tokyo, Japan\") | 25th (q) | Javelin throw | [57\\.39 m](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| 2022 | [European Championships](/wiki/2022_European_Athletics_Championships \"2022 European Athletics Championships\") | [Munich, Germany](/wiki/Munich%2C_Germany \"Munich, Germany\") | 4th | Javelin throw | [60\\.57 m](/wiki/2022_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2022 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw\") |\n| 2023 | [World Championships](/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Championships \"2023 World Athletics Championships\") | [Budapest, Hungary](/wiki/Budapest%2C_Hungary \"Budapest, Hungary\") | 20th (q) | Javelin throw | [56\\.21 m](/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_javelin_throw \"2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw\") |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1996 births](/wiki/Category:1996_births \"1996 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Hungarian female javelin throwers](/wiki/Category:Hungarian_female_javelin_throwers \"Hungarian female javelin throwers\")\n[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Hungary](/wiki/Category:World_Athletics_Championships_athletes_for_Hungary \"World Athletics Championships athletes for Hungary\")\n[Category:Competitors at the 2017 Summer Universiade](/wiki/Category:Competitors_at_the_2017_Summer_Universiade \"Competitors at the 2017 Summer Universiade\")\n[Category:Competitors at the 2019 Summer Universiade](/wiki/Category:Competitors_at_the_2019_Summer_Universiade \"Competitors at the 2019 Summer Universiade\")\n[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Athletes_%28track_and_field%29_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics \"Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic athletes for Hungary](/wiki/Category:Olympic_athletes_for_Hungary \"Olympic athletes for Hungary\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Szolnok](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Szolnok \"Sportspeople from Szolnok\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Milo, Kansas
|
{
"id": [
525927
],
"name": [
"Chris the speller"
]
}
|
8ibruqyao77rflkp5j1l8pw4475ezjo
|
2024-06-10T14:10:38Z
| 1,228,025,018 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"Further reading",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Milo** is a [ghost town](/wiki/Ghost_town \"Ghost town\") in [Lincoln County, Kansas](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Kansas \"Lincoln County, Kansas\"), United States. It was located along a former railroad about halfway between the communities of [Barnard](/wiki/Barnard%2C_Kansas \"Barnard, Kansas\") and [Ada](/wiki/Ada%2C_Kansas \"Ada, Kansas\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nMilo was issued a post office in 1872\\. The post office was discontinued in 1938\\.\n\nThe 1912 cyclopedia of Kansas describes Milo as a \"country trading point\" on [Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway](/wiki/Atchison%2C_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway \"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway\"), with \"2 stores, an express office, and a money order postoffice with one rural route.\" It reported the 1910 population to be 50 people.[Kansas, A Cyclopedia ..., Vol. II](https://books.google.com/books?id=V6IUAAAAYAAJ&dq=milo+%22lincoln+county%22+kansas+santa+fe&pg=PA285), p. 285 (1912\\)\n\nThe referenced rail line opened in 1888 as a line of the Chicago, Kansas and Western Railroad opened from [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester%2C_Kansas \"Manchester, Kansas\") in the east to [Barnard](/wiki/Barnard%2C_Kansas \"Barnard, Kansas\") in the west, a 43 mile line, with a stop at Milo. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway the line in 1901\\. An application was filed in 1983 to abandon this \"[Minneapolis](/wiki/Minneapolis%2C_Kansas \"Minneapolis, Kansas\") District\" line.[The Minneapolis District](https://www.abandonedrails.com/minneapolis-district), Abandoned Rails, Retrieved 21 February 2022\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* Lincoln County maps: [Current](https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/lincoln.PDF), [Historic](https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp), KDOT\n\n[Category:Former populated places in Lincoln County, Kansas](/wiki/Category:Former_populated_places_in_Lincoln_County%2C_Kansas \"Former populated places in Lincoln County, Kansas\")\n[Category:Former populated places in Kansas](/wiki/Category:Former_populated_places_in_Kansas \"Former populated places in Kansas\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Rodrigo Blankenship
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
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|
6ldbdflju7wmpxst23tirmpge0gggmg
|
2024-09-19T01:30:50Z
| 1,246,343,381 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"College career",
"College statistics",
"Professional career",
"Indianapolis Colts",
"2020 season",
"2021 season",
"2022 season",
"Arizona Cardinals",
"Tampa Bay Buccaneers",
"NFL career statistics",
"Postseason",
"Personal life",
"References",
"External links"
],
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2,
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4,
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3,
3,
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2,
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2
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"content": [
"\n\n* + - * + - * \n\n**Rodrigo John Blankenship** (born January 29, 1997\\), nicknamed \"**Hot Rod**\", is an American professional [football](/wiki/American_football \"American football\") [placekicker](/wiki/Placekicker \"Placekicker\") who is a free agent. He played [college football](/wiki/College_football \"College football\") for the [Georgia Bulldogs](/wiki/Georgia_Bulldogs_football \"Georgia Bulldogs football\"), where he kicked the longest [field goal](/wiki/Field_goal \"Field goal\") in [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game \"Rose Bowl Game\") history. Blankenship has received considerable media attention for the thick glasses that he wears during games.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nBlankenship was born in [Marietta, Georgia](/wiki/Marietta%2C_Georgia \"Marietta, Georgia\"), to Ken and Izabella Blankenship. He is of [Brazilian](/wiki/Brazilians \"Brazilians\") descent through his maternal grandparents, who still live there. After spending several years playing soccer, Blankenship began kicking footballs at 10 years old. He attended [Sprayberry High School](/wiki/Sprayberry_High_School \"Sprayberry High School\"). As a high schooler, Blankenship participated in the 2014–15 [U.S. Army All\\-American Bowl](/wiki/U.S._Army_All-American_Bowl \"U.S. Army All-American Bowl\"). He was ranked by [247sports.com](/wiki/247Sports.com \"247Sports.com\") as the ninth\\-best kicker in the country.\n\n",
"College career\n--------------\n\nBlankenship entered Georgia in 2015 as a preferred [walk\\-on](/wiki/Walk-on_%28sports%29 \"Walk-on (sports)\") and [redshirted](/wiki/Redshirt_%28college_sports%29 \"Redshirt (college sports)\") his first year. As a redshirt freshman, Blankenship earned the starting kicker spot.\n\nDuring the [2016 season](/wiki/2016_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season\"), Blankenship was 14\\-for\\-18 on [field goals](/wiki/Field_goal \"Field goal\") and 26\\-for\\-26 on [extra points](/wiki/Conversion_%28gridiron_football%29 \"Conversion (gridiron football)\"). He led the [team](/wiki/2016_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2016 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") in scoring and was named to the [All\\-Southeastern Conference](/wiki/List_of_All-SEC_football_teams \"List of All-SEC football teams\") (SEC) Freshman team.\n\nIn [2017](/wiki/2017_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") – his redshirt sophomore season – Blankenship received a full athletic scholarship. He informed the team of the positive news after Georgia's 20–19 victory over [Notre Dame](/wiki/2017_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team \"2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\"). In the [2018 Rose Bowl](/wiki/2018_Rose_Bowl \"2018 Rose Bowl\"), Blankenship made a record\\-long 55\\-yard field goal that proved pivotal in shifting the momentum away from [Oklahoma](/wiki/2017_Oklahoma_Sooners_football_team \"2017 Oklahoma Sooners football team\"), leading to Georgia's eventual 54–48 overtime victory. In the [2018 College Football Playoff National Championship](/wiki/2018_College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship \"2018 College Football Playoff National Championship\") game against [Alabama](/wiki/2017_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team \"2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\"), Blankenship hit a 51\\-yard field goal in overtime to put the Bulldogs temporarily ahead. However, Georgia ultimately lost the national championship game, 26–23\\.\n\nBlankenship finished the 2017 season having made 20 of his 23 field goal tries and all 63 extra points attempts. By making 87 percent of his field goals attempts, Blankenship had the sixth\\-best season in school history. His 67 touchbacks – a dramatic improvement over his 20 touchbacks in 2016 – were also a school record, and they came after he adjusted his technique on kickoffs. He led the SEC in extra point attempts and conversions in the 2017 season.\n\nIn July 2018, Blankenship was selected for the preseason All\\-SEC First Team. During the [2018 season](/wiki/2018_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"), he went 19\\-for\\-23 on field goal attempts and made all 65 of his extra point attempts. Following the 2018 regular season, Blankenship was named to the All\\-SEC Second Team.\n\nIn December 2019, Blankenship won the [Lou Groza Award](/wiki/Lou_Groza_Award \"Lou Groza Award\"), given to the nation's top placekicker. He also was honored as a member of the SEC Football Community Service Team. In his senior season, Blankenship led the SEC in field goal attempts and conversions.\n\nNotably, Blankenship never missed a single extra point (200/200\\) in his college career.\n\n### College statistics\n\n| Season | Team | Conf | Class | Pos | GP | Kicking | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| XPM | XPA | XP% | FGM | FGA | FG% | Pts |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2016_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2016 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2016_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2016 Southeastern Conference football season\") | FR | PK | 10 | 26 | 26 | 100\\.0 | 14 | 18 | 77\\.8 | 68 |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2017_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2017_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2017 Southeastern Conference football season\") | SO | PK | 15 | 63 | 63 | 100\\.0 | 20 | 23 | 87\\.0 | 123 |\n| [2018](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2018_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2018_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2018 Southeastern Conference football season\") | JR | PK | 14 | 65 | 65 | 100\\.0 | 19 | 23 | 82\\.6 | 122 |\n| [2019](/wiki/2019_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2019_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2019 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2019_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2019 Southeastern Conference football season\") | SR | PK | 14 | 46 | 46 | 100\\.0 | 27 | 33 | 81\\.8 | 127 |\n| [Career](https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/rodrigo-blankenship-1.html) | | | | | 53 | 200 | 200 | 100\\.0 | 80 | 97 | 82\\.5 | 440 |\n\n",
"### College statistics\n\n| Season | Team | Conf | Class | Pos | GP | Kicking | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| XPM | XPA | XP% | FGM | FGA | FG% | Pts |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2016_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2016 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2016_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2016 Southeastern Conference football season\") | FR | PK | 10 | 26 | 26 | 100\\.0 | 14 | 18 | 77\\.8 | 68 |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2017_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2017_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2017 Southeastern Conference football season\") | SO | PK | 15 | 63 | 63 | 100\\.0 | 20 | 23 | 87\\.0 | 123 |\n| [2018](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2018_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2018_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2018 Southeastern Conference football season\") | JR | PK | 14 | 65 | 65 | 100\\.0 | 19 | 23 | 82\\.6 | 122 |\n| [2019](/wiki/2019_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season\") | [Georgia](/wiki/2019_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team \"2019 Georgia Bulldogs football team\") | [SEC](/wiki/2019_Southeastern_Conference_football_season \"2019 Southeastern Conference football season\") | SR | PK | 14 | 46 | 46 | 100\\.0 | 27 | 33 | 81\\.8 | 127 |\n| [Career](https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/rodrigo-blankenship-1.html) | | | | | 53 | 200 | 200 | 100\\.0 | 80 | 97 | 82\\.5 | 440 |\n\n",
"Professional career\n-------------------\n\n### Indianapolis Colts\n\n#### 2020 season\n\nBlankenship signed with the [Indianapolis Colts](/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts \"Indianapolis Colts\") as an undrafted free agent on April 29, 2020\\.\n\nIn his NFL debut, Blankenship made both extra\\-point attempts and two of three field goal attempts in a 27–20 loss to the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\"), the Jaguars' only win of the season. In Week 11 against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\"), Blankenship kicked a 39 yard game\\-winning field goal in overtime during the 34–31 victory, later earning the [American Football Conference](/wiki/American_Football_Conference \"American Football Conference\") Special Teams Player of the Week award. By the end of the regular season, Blankenship had converted 43 out of 45 extra point attempts and made 32 out of 37 field goal tries, with a long of 53 yards. He was named to the PFWA All\\-Rookie Team. During the 27–24 road loss to the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/Buffalo_Bills \"Buffalo Bills\") in the [Wild Card Round](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs%23AFC:Buffalo_Bills_27%2C_Indianapolis_Colts_24 \"Buffalo Bills 27, Indianapolis Colts 24\") of the [playoffs](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs \"2020–21 NFL playoffs\"), Blankenship made one of his two field goal attempts and converted his only extra point opportunity.\n\n#### 2021 season\n\nBlankenship played the first five games for the Colts before being placed on [injured reserve](/wiki/Injured_reserve \"Injured reserve\") on October 16, 2021, due to a hip injury. He converted seven of eight extra point attempts and 11 of 14 field goal attempts on the season.\n\n#### 2022 season\n\nOn September 11, in the Colts' season opener against the [Houston Texans](/wiki/Houston_Texans \"Houston Texans\"), Blankenship went 2\\-for\\-3 on field goals, kicking two kickoffs out of bounds and missing a potential game\\-winning 42\\-yarder in overtime as the game ended in a 20–20 tie. He was waived two days later on September 13\\.\n\nBlankenship had a tryout with the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\") on September 27, 2022\\.\n\n### Arizona Cardinals\n\nOn October 3, Blankenship was among a group of kickers brought in to work out with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals \"Arizona Cardinals\") after kicker [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater \"Matt Prater\") suffered a right hip injury during the Week 4 win against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers \"Carolina Panthers\"). Blankenship was outperformed by [Matt Ammendola](/wiki/Matt_Ammendola \"Matt Ammendola\"), who was chosen as Prater's replacement. However, Ammendola was released on October 17, after missing kicks in the two games he played. The next day, Blankenship was signed to the Cardinals' [practice squad](/wiki/Practice_squad \"Practice squad\").\n\nOn October 20, 2022, Blankenship was elevated to the main roster for the Week 7 game against the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints \"New Orleans Saints\"). He made two field goals, one from 50 yards and two out of three extra points in the 42–34 win. Blankenship reverted to the practice squad the next day. He was signed to the active roster on October 26\\. On November 2, Blankenship was waived with an injury settlement.\n\n### Tampa Bay Buccaneers\n\nOn June 15, 2023, Blankenship signed with the [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers \"Tampa Bay Buccaneers\"). He was released on August 21, 2023, after losing the kicker competition to [Chase McLaughlin](/wiki/Chase_McLaughlin \"Chase McLaughlin\").\n\n",
"### Indianapolis Colts\n\n#### 2020 season\n\nBlankenship signed with the [Indianapolis Colts](/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts \"Indianapolis Colts\") as an undrafted free agent on April 29, 2020\\.\n\nIn his NFL debut, Blankenship made both extra\\-point attempts and two of three field goal attempts in a 27–20 loss to the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\"), the Jaguars' only win of the season. In Week 11 against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\"), Blankenship kicked a 39 yard game\\-winning field goal in overtime during the 34–31 victory, later earning the [American Football Conference](/wiki/American_Football_Conference \"American Football Conference\") Special Teams Player of the Week award. By the end of the regular season, Blankenship had converted 43 out of 45 extra point attempts and made 32 out of 37 field goal tries, with a long of 53 yards. He was named to the PFWA All\\-Rookie Team. During the 27–24 road loss to the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/Buffalo_Bills \"Buffalo Bills\") in the [Wild Card Round](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs%23AFC:Buffalo_Bills_27%2C_Indianapolis_Colts_24 \"Buffalo Bills 27, Indianapolis Colts 24\") of the [playoffs](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs \"2020–21 NFL playoffs\"), Blankenship made one of his two field goal attempts and converted his only extra point opportunity.\n\n#### 2021 season\n\nBlankenship played the first five games for the Colts before being placed on [injured reserve](/wiki/Injured_reserve \"Injured reserve\") on October 16, 2021, due to a hip injury. He converted seven of eight extra point attempts and 11 of 14 field goal attempts on the season.\n\n#### 2022 season\n\nOn September 11, in the Colts' season opener against the [Houston Texans](/wiki/Houston_Texans \"Houston Texans\"), Blankenship went 2\\-for\\-3 on field goals, kicking two kickoffs out of bounds and missing a potential game\\-winning 42\\-yarder in overtime as the game ended in a 20–20 tie. He was waived two days later on September 13\\.\n\nBlankenship had a tryout with the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\") on September 27, 2022\\.\n\n",
"#### 2020 season\n\nBlankenship signed with the [Indianapolis Colts](/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts \"Indianapolis Colts\") as an undrafted free agent on April 29, 2020\\.\n\nIn his NFL debut, Blankenship made both extra\\-point attempts and two of three field goal attempts in a 27–20 loss to the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\"), the Jaguars' only win of the season. In Week 11 against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\"), Blankenship kicked a 39 yard game\\-winning field goal in overtime during the 34–31 victory, later earning the [American Football Conference](/wiki/American_Football_Conference \"American Football Conference\") Special Teams Player of the Week award. By the end of the regular season, Blankenship had converted 43 out of 45 extra point attempts and made 32 out of 37 field goal tries, with a long of 53 yards. He was named to the PFWA All\\-Rookie Team. During the 27–24 road loss to the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/Buffalo_Bills \"Buffalo Bills\") in the [Wild Card Round](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs%23AFC:Buffalo_Bills_27%2C_Indianapolis_Colts_24 \"Buffalo Bills 27, Indianapolis Colts 24\") of the [playoffs](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NFL_playoffs \"2020–21 NFL playoffs\"), Blankenship made one of his two field goal attempts and converted his only extra point opportunity.\n\n",
"#### 2021 season\n\nBlankenship played the first five games for the Colts before being placed on [injured reserve](/wiki/Injured_reserve \"Injured reserve\") on October 16, 2021, due to a hip injury. He converted seven of eight extra point attempts and 11 of 14 field goal attempts on the season.\n\n",
"#### 2022 season\n\nOn September 11, in the Colts' season opener against the [Houston Texans](/wiki/Houston_Texans \"Houston Texans\"), Blankenship went 2\\-for\\-3 on field goals, kicking two kickoffs out of bounds and missing a potential game\\-winning 42\\-yarder in overtime as the game ended in a 20–20 tie. He was waived two days later on September 13\\.\n\nBlankenship had a tryout with the [Jacksonville Jaguars](/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars \"Jacksonville Jaguars\") on September 27, 2022\\.\n\n",
"### Arizona Cardinals\n\nOn October 3, Blankenship was among a group of kickers brought in to work out with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals \"Arizona Cardinals\") after kicker [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater \"Matt Prater\") suffered a right hip injury during the Week 4 win against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers \"Carolina Panthers\"). Blankenship was outperformed by [Matt Ammendola](/wiki/Matt_Ammendola \"Matt Ammendola\"), who was chosen as Prater's replacement. However, Ammendola was released on October 17, after missing kicks in the two games he played. The next day, Blankenship was signed to the Cardinals' [practice squad](/wiki/Practice_squad \"Practice squad\").\n\nOn October 20, 2022, Blankenship was elevated to the main roster for the Week 7 game against the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints \"New Orleans Saints\"). He made two field goals, one from 50 yards and two out of three extra points in the 42–34 win. Blankenship reverted to the practice squad the next day. He was signed to the active roster on October 26\\. On November 2, Blankenship was waived with an injury settlement.\n\n",
"### Tampa Bay Buccaneers\n\nOn June 15, 2023, Blankenship signed with the [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers \"Tampa Bay Buccaneers\"). He was released on August 21, 2023, after losing the kicker competition to [Chase McLaughlin](/wiki/Chase_McLaughlin \"Chase McLaughlin\").\n\n",
"NFL career statistics\n---------------------\n\n| Year | Team | GP | Field Goals | | | | Extra Points | | | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| FGA | FGM | Lng | Pct | XPA | XPM | Pct |\n| [2020](/wiki/2020_NFL_season \"2020 NFL season\") | [IND](/wiki/2020_Indianapolis_Colts_season \"2020 Indianapolis Colts season\") | 16 | 37 | 32 | 53 | 86\\.5 | 45 | 43 | 95\\.6 | 139 |\n| [2021](/wiki/2021_NFL_season \"2021 NFL season\") | [IND](/wiki/2021_Indianapolis_Colts_season \"2021 Indianapolis Colts season\") | 5 | 14 | 11 | 48 | 78\\.6 | 8 | 7 | 87\\.5 | 40 |\n| [2022](/wiki/2022_NFL_season \"2022 NFL season\") | [IND](/wiki/2022_Indianapolis_Colts_season \"2022 Indianapolis Colts season\") | 1 | 3 | 2 | 45 | 66\\.7 | 2 | 2 | 100\\.0 | 8 |\n| [ARI](/wiki/2022_Arizona_Cardinals_season \"2022 Arizona Cardinals season\") | 2 | 2 | 2 | 50 | 100\\.0 | 3 | 2 | 66\\.7 | 8 |\n| [Career](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BlanRo03.htm) | | 24 | 56 | 47 | 53 | 83\\.9 | 58 | 54 | 93\\.1 | 195 |\n\n### Postseason\n\n| Year | Team | GP | Field Goals | | | | Extra Points | | | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| FGA | FGM | Lng | Pct | XPA | XPM | Pct |\n| [2020](/wiki/2020_NFL_season \"2020 NFL season\") | [IND](/wiki/2020_Indianapolis_Colts_season \"2020 Indianapolis Colts season\") | 1 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 50\\.0 | 1 | 1 | 100\\.0 | 4 |\n| [Career](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BlanRo03/gamelog/post/) | | 1 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 50\\.0 | 1 | 1 | 100\\.0 | 4 |\n\n",
"### Postseason\n\n| Year | Team | GP | Field Goals | | | | Extra Points | | | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| FGA | FGM | Lng | Pct | XPA | XPM | Pct |\n| [2020](/wiki/2020_NFL_season \"2020 NFL season\") | [IND](/wiki/2020_Indianapolis_Colts_season \"2020 Indianapolis Colts season\") | 1 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 50\\.0 | 1 | 1 | 100\\.0 | 4 |\n| [Career](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BlanRo03/gamelog/post/) | | 1 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 50\\.0 | 1 | 1 | 100\\.0 | 4 |\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nBlankenship's father, Ken, played football at [Florida](/wiki/Florida_Gators_football \"Florida Gators football\") from [1967](/wiki/1967_Florida_Gators_football_team \"1967 Florida Gators football team\") to [1969](/wiki/1969_Florida_Gators_football_team \"1969 Florida Gators football team\"). Ken coached the kickers on every team for which Rodrigo played from fifth grade through the end of high school.\n\nWhile at Georgia, Blankenship studied [digital](/wiki/Digital_journalism \"Digital journalism\") and [broadcast journalism](/wiki/Broadcast_journalism \"Broadcast journalism\"), with a particular focus on [sports journalism](/wiki/Sports_journalism \"Sports journalism\"). On April 16, 2018, Blankenship released a [rap](/wiki/Rapping \"Rapping\") song titled \"ATD.\"\n\nBlankenship is a big fan of [LEGO](/wiki/Lego \"Lego\") products and speaks frequently about how he loves building up the big models in particular. Blankenship has also formed a friendship with LEGO internet personality Ryan McCullough (MandRproductions). An avid [shoe](/wiki/Shoe \"Shoe\") collector, Blankenship has amassed a respectable collection of rare [sneakers](/wiki/Sneakers \"Sneakers\") that he keeps at his home, notably owning sneakers with designs that he matches with his socks. A pet owner, Blankenship owns a cat named Lucas, which he has shown in interviews made at his home.\n\nBlankenship looks up to [Eric Dickerson](/wiki/Eric_Dickerson \"Eric Dickerson\") and [Kareem Abdul\\-Jabbar](/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar \"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar\") and is noted to wear glasses while playing. He believes that no one should be ashamed to do so and let their performance on the field speak for itself.\n\nIn 2020, Blankenship was named Arthur Ashe Jr. Male Sports Scholar of the Year by *Diverse: Issues In Higher Education*.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Georgia Bulldogs bio](https://georgiadogs.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=3943)\n\n[Category:1997 births](/wiki/Category:1997_births \"1997 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Players of American football from Marietta, Georgia](/wiki/Category:Players_of_American_football_from_Marietta%2C_Georgia \"Players of American football from Marietta, Georgia\")\n[Category:American football placekickers](/wiki/Category:American_football_placekickers \"American football placekickers\")\n[Category:Georgia Bulldogs football players](/wiki/Category:Georgia_Bulldogs_football_players \"Georgia Bulldogs football players\")\n[Category:Arizona Cardinals players](/wiki/Category:Arizona_Cardinals_players \"Arizona Cardinals players\")\n[Category:Indianapolis Colts players](/wiki/Category:Indianapolis_Colts_players \"Indianapolis Colts players\")\n[Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers players](/wiki/Category:Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_players \"Tampa Bay Buccaneers players\")\n[Category:American sportspeople of Brazilian descent](/wiki/Category:American_sportspeople_of_Brazilian_descent \"American sportspeople of Brazilian descent\")\n[Category:All\\-American college football players](/wiki/Category:All-American_college_football_players \"All-American college football players\")\n[Category:Hispanic and Latino American players of American football](/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_players_of_American_football \"Hispanic and Latino American players of American football\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Sensors and Materials
|
{
"id": [
17843555
],
"name": [
"Randykitty"
]
}
|
nzj373ihd0jw4qbu32fozvtvos07nx6
|
2023-09-30T06:17:29Z
| 1,177,845,969 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Abstracting and indexing",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n***Sensors and Materials*** is a monthly [peer\\-reviewed](/wiki/Peer-reviewed \"Peer-reviewed\") [open access](/wiki/Open_access \"Open access\") [scientific journal](/wiki/Scientific_journal \"Scientific journal\") covering all aspects of [sensor](/wiki/Sensor \"Sensor\") technology, including [materials science](/wiki/Materials_science \"Materials science\") as applied to sensors. It is published by Myu Scientific Publishing and the [editor\\-in\\-chief](/wiki/Editor-in-chief \"Editor-in-chief\") is Makoto Ishida ([Toyohashi University of Technology](/wiki/Toyohashi_University_of_Technology \"Toyohashi University of Technology\")). The journal was established in 1988 by a group of Japanese academics to promote the publication of research by Asian authors in English.\n\n",
"Abstracting and indexing\n------------------------\n\nThe journal is abstracted and indexed in:\n* + - * + - * \n\t\t\t\t\t\tAccording to the *[Journal Citation Reports](/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports \"Journal Citation Reports\")*, the journal has a 2022 [impact factor](/wiki/Impact_factor \"Impact factor\") of 1\\.2\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:English\\-language journals](/wiki/Category:English-language_journals \"English-language journals\")\n[Category:Materials science journals](/wiki/Category:Materials_science_journals \"Materials science journals\")\n[Category:Monthly journals](/wiki/Category:Monthly_journals \"Monthly journals\")\n[Category:Open access journals](/wiki/Category:Open_access_journals \"Open access journals\")\n[Category:Academic journals established in 1988](/wiki/Category:Academic_journals_established_in_1988 \"Academic journals established in 1988\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ordinary Victories
|
{
"id": [
6262257
],
"name": [
"Kintaro"
]
}
|
ofg9988qki2mkhsdpjkt2ozmpsjwb05
|
2019-04-02T17:04:29Z
| 887,837,436 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Ordinary Victories",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Ordinary Victories** () is a comic book written and illustrated by [Emmanuel Larcenet](/wiki/Emmanuel_Larcenet \"Emmanuel Larcenet\"). The book won the Golden Wildcat (Fauve d'Or) award at the [Angoulême International Comics Festival](/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme_International_Comics_Festival \"Angoulême International Comics Festival\") in 2004\\.\nOrdinary Victories tells the story Marc, a war photographer in his twenties, has some psychological problems and moves to countryside where he meets a veterinarian Emilie.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:French comics](/wiki/Category:French_comics \"French comics\")\n[Category:French graphic novels](/wiki/Category:French_graphic_novels \"French graphic novels\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Domenico Spanò Bolani
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
0hn9kpwsrk6o1x62hnu02e7ouct95g4
|
2024-02-07T00:48:20Z
| 1,162,265,542 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Domenico Spanò Bolani** ([Reggio di Calabria](/wiki/Reggio_di_Calabria \"Reggio di Calabria\"), 12 April 1815 – 29 June 1890\\) was an Italian politician and historian, author of a book concerning the history of Reggio from ancient times (15th century BC) to 1797 AD. He was a member of Parliament of [Kingdom of Italy](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy \"Kingdom of Italy\") and mayor of [Reggio](/wiki/Reggio_Calabria \"Reggio Calabria\") under both the [Kingdom of the Two Sicilies](/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies \"Kingdom of the Two Sicilies\") and the newly constituted Savoyard Kingdom of Italy. The first Civic Museum in Reggio, created at the beginning of the 19th century, was later named after him.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Italian politicians](/wiki/Category:Italian_politicians \"Italian politicians\")\n[Category:People from Reggio Calabria](/wiki/Category:People_from_Reggio_Calabria \"People from Reggio Calabria\")\n[Category:1815 births](/wiki/Category:1815_births \"1815 births\")\n[Category:1890 deaths](/wiki/Category:1890_deaths \"1890 deaths\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Galibal
|
{
"id": [
6326132
],
"name": [
"Mitch Ames"
]
}
|
k5anfvqjxqu00aawhu16hv8l7bjuyw1
|
2024-08-10T10:50:31Z
| 1,223,184,396 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Name",
"Country",
"Social divisions and rites",
"History of contact",
"Alternative names",
"Notes",
"Citations",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Kalibal** (Gullibul) were an [Indigenous Australian](/wiki/Indigenous_Australian \"Indigenous Australian\") people of [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\").\n\n",
"Name\n----\n\nThe name Kalibal/Galibal could also be used as an exonym. Margaret Sharpe explains its usage:\n\n> The name *Galibal* (Gullybul, Gullyvul, etc.) could be applied to any group who pronounced the final vowel of *gala/gale/gali* 'this' as i, by a (neighbouring) group which did not. Such groups called 'Galibal' could be distinguished among themselves using some other difference, e.g. the use of *nyang* versus *minyang* for 'what', or the shape of the second person singular nominative pronoun (*wiya/wiye/wuhye/wuhje* etc.), or the pronunciation *yugambeh* (versus *jagambe*) for 'no'.\n\n",
"Country\n-------\n\nThe Kalibal were partially a rainforest people who straddled the borders of the modern states of Queensland and New South Wales and frequented the areas in the latter around [Tyalgum](/wiki/Tyalgum%2C_New_South_Wales \"Tyalgum, New South Wales\"), and the [Brunswick River divide](/wiki/Brunswick_River_%28New_South_Wales%29 \"Brunswick River (New South Wales)\"). For Norman Tindale, their territory ran north from the [Macpherson Range](/wiki/McPherson_Range \"McPherson Range\") extending to the area near Unumgar, and over the border to [Christmas Creek](/wiki/Christmas_Creek%2C_Queensland \"Christmas Creek, Queensland\") in Queensland, while their eastern limits would have stretched to the upper waters of the [Nerang River](/wiki/Nerang_River \"Nerang River\") and south to [Mount Cougal](/wiki/Springbrook_National_Park \"Springbrook National Park\") and the [Tweed Range](/wiki/Tweed_Range \"Tweed Range\"). There are problems with Tindale's mapping, since he generally located the Kalibal where Margaret Sharpe puts the [Yugambeh people](/wiki/Yugambeh_people \"Yugambeh people\")\n\n",
"Social divisions and rites\n--------------------------\n\nThe names of at least 2 clans near [Murwillumbah](/wiki/Murwillumbah \"Murwillumbah\") are known:\n* *Murwillumbah* ( a [clan](/wiki/Band_society \"Band society\") southwest of Murwillumbah)\n* *Moorung\\-moobar* (a [clan](/wiki/Band_society \"Band society\") to the northwest).\n\nThe male initiation ceremony, called *Bool*, changed adolescents from *tabboo* status into *cabra* \\- fully fledged males. The [bora ceremonial site](/wiki/Bora_%28Australian%29 \"Bora (Australian)\") consisted of a circle surrounded by earth banked about 2 feet and measuring 35 yards in diameter. One such site was at the head of the Tweed River and under the McPherson range at a place known as Coowarragum. This was linked by a trench dug out for a distance of some 90 yards to a nearby creek. The final stage of the rite had the initiands travel down the ditch, which was surrounded by shrubs and roofed with branches to form a tunnel until they reached the creek and disappeared for three days.\n\n",
"History of contact\n------------------\n\nThe Police Magistrate J. Bray recounted in 1901 that the Murwillumbah area had hundreds of blacks when he first went there, and that he had seen some 600 assembled at one time. By the time of his writing, he stated that no more children were to be seen and that the tribe had almost died out.\n\n",
"Alternative names\n-----------------\n\n* *Murwillumbah*\n* *Moorung\\-moobar*\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n### Citations\n\n",
"### Citations\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n[Category:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales](/wiki/Category:Aboriginal_peoples_of_New_South_Wales \"Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales\")\n\n"
]
}
|
1928 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11
|
{
"id": [
38393633
],
"name": [
"DavisA23"
]
}
|
ligg6kcjor5jahllb3x9egjvun4r53s
|
2024-02-07T03:29:01Z
| 1,096,571,884 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Stage 1",
"Stage 2",
"Stage 3",
"Stage 4",
"Stage 5",
"Stage 6",
"Stage 7",
"Stage 8",
"Stage 9",
"Stage 10",
"Stage 11",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|350px\\|right\\|alt\\=Map of France with the route of the 1928 Tour de France\\|Route of the 1928 Tour de France](/wiki/File:Tour_de_France_1928.png \"Tour de France 1928.png\")\n\nThe [1928 Tour de France](/wiki/1928_Tour_de_France \"1928 Tour de France\") was the 22nd edition of the [Tour de France](/wiki/Tour_de_France \"Tour de France\"), one of cycling's [Grand Tours](/wiki/Grand_Tours \"Grand Tours\"). The Tour began in [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") with a [team time trial](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\") on 17 June, and Stage 11 occurred on 30 June with a flat stage to [Marseille](/wiki/Marseille \"Marseille\"). The race finished in Paris on 15 July.\n\n",
"Stage 1\n-------\n\n**17 June 1928 \\- [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") to [Caen](/wiki/Caen \"Caen\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 1 result and general classification after stage 1** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 10' 56\" | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 14' 38\" | | 8 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 16' 57\" | | 9 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 2\n-------\n\n**18 June 1928 \\- [Caen](/wiki/Caen \"Caen\") to [Cherbourg\\-en\\-Cotentin](/wiki/Cherbourg-en-Cotentin \"Cherbourg-en-Cotentin\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 2 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | | **General classification after stage 2** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | \\=1 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | \\=1 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 3\n-------\n\n**19 June 1928 \\- [Cherbourg\\-en\\-Cotentin](/wiki/Cherbourg-en-Cotentin \"Cherbourg-en-Cotentin\") to [Dinan](/wiki/Dinan \"Dinan\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 3 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 14\" | | 4 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 2' 15\" | | 5 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 3' 10\" | | 6 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 3' 21\" | | 7 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 9' 51\" | | 8 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 13' 57\" | | | **General classification after stage 3** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 14\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 4\n-------\n\n**20 June 1928 \\- [Dinan](/wiki/Dinan \"Dinan\") to [Brest](/wiki/Brest%2C_France \"Brest, France\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 4 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 2' 25\" | | 4 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | | **General classification after stage 4** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 14\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 5\n-------\n\n**21 June 1928 \\- [Brest](/wiki/Brest%2C_France \"Brest, France\") to [Vannes](/wiki/Vannes \"Vannes\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 5 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 4' 40\" | | 4 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 7' 02\" | | 10 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 11' 59\" | | | **General classification after stage 5** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 14\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 6\n-------\n\n**22 June 1928 \\- [Vannes](/wiki/Vannes \"Vannes\") to [Les Sables d'Olonne](/wiki/Les_Sables_d%27Olonne \"Les Sables d'Olonne\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 6 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 25\" | | 9 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 3' 46\" | | 10 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 8' 04\" | | | **General classification after stage 6** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | \\=1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 39\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 7\n-------\n\n**23 June 1928 \\- [Les Sables d'Olonne](/wiki/Les_Sables_d%27Olonne \"Les Sables d'Olonne\") to [Bordeaux](/wiki/Bordeaux \"Bordeaux\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 7 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Elvish\\-Wolber](/wiki/Elvish-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Elvish-Wolber (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Elvish\\-Wolber](/wiki/Elvish-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Elvish-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 3' 42\" | | 4 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 4' 42\" | | 7 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | | **General classification after stage 7** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 39\" | | 3 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 2' 15\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 8\n-------\n\n**24 June 1928 \\- [Bordeaux](/wiki/Bordeaux \"Bordeaux\") to [Hendaye](/wiki/Hendaye \"Hendaye\"), ([TTT](/wiki/Team_time_trial \"Team time trial\"))**\n\n| **Stage 8 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 3' 45\" | | 9 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 4' 33\" | | 10 | | [Ravat\\-Wonder\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Ravat-Wonder-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | | **General classification after stage 8** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1' 39\" | | 3 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 2' 15\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 9\n-------\n\n**26 June 1928 \\- [Hendaye](/wiki/Hendaye \"Hendaye\") to [Luchon](/wiki/Luchon \"Luchon\"), **\n\n| **Stage 9 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Elvish\\-Wolber](/wiki/Elvish-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Elvish-Wolber (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 7' 44\" | | 3 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 13' 24\" | | 4 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 32' 01\" | | 5 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 36' 35\" | | 6 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 46' 26\" | | 7 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 47' 10\" | | 8 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 48' 23\" | | 9 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 55' 37\" | | 10 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 56' 20\" | | | **General classification after stage 9** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 41' 05\" | | 3 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 54' 12\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 10\n--------\n\n**28 June 1928 \\- [Luchon](/wiki/Luchon \"Luchon\") to [Perpignan](/wiki/Perpignan \"Perpignan\"), **\n\n| **Stage 10 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 9' 24\" | | 5 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Elvish\\-Wolber](/wiki/Elvish-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Elvish-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | \\+ 17' 57\" | | 10 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | \\+ 24' 42\" | | | **General classification after stage 10** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 41' 05\" | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1h 01' 59\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Stage 11\n--------\n\n**30 June 1928 \\- [Perpignan](/wiki/Perpignan \"Perpignan\") to [Marseille](/wiki/Marseille \"Marseille\"), **\n\n| **Stage 11 result** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 3 | | [Thomann\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Thomann-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Thomann-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 4 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 5 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 6 | | [Alleluia\\-Wolber](/wiki/Alleluia-Wolber_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alleluia-Wolber (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 7 | | [Armor\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Armor-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Armor-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 8 | | [JB Louvet\\-Hutchinson](/wiki/JB_Louvet-Hutchinson_%28cycling_team%29 \"JB Louvet-Hutchinson (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 9 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | 10 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | s.t. | | | **General classification after stage 11** | Rank | Rider | Team | Time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | | | 2 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 41' 05\" | | 3 | | [Alcyon\\-Dunlop](/wiki/Alcyon-Dunlop_%28cycling_team%29 \"Alcyon-Dunlop (cycling team)\") | \\+ 1h 01' 59\" | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1928 Tour de France](/wiki/Category:1928_Tour_de_France \"1928 Tour de France\")\n[Category:Tour de France stages](/wiki/Category:Tour_de_France_stages \"Tour de France stages\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Maria Andrade (scientist)
|
{
"id": [
5202324
],
"name": [
"Mild Bill Hiccup"
]
}
|
iqmk5a9modisyvsiej4b4gt8lhzj1ng
|
2023-03-29T23:06:46Z
| 1,143,926,803 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career",
"Awards and honors",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Maria Isabel Andrade** (born 1958\\) is a [Cape Verdean](/wiki/Cape_Verde \"Cape Verde\") food scientist. Andrade has worked in [Mozambique](/wiki/Mozambique \"Mozambique\") as a sweet potato researcher since 1996 and was a co\\-winner of the 2016 [World Food Prize](/wiki/World_Food_Prize \"World Food Prize\").\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nIn 1958, Andrade was born in [São Filipe, Cape Verde](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Filipe%2C_Cape_Verde \"São Filipe, Cape Verde\"). She began her education in Cape Verde in [Fogo](/wiki/Fogo%2C_Cape_Verde \"Fogo, Cape Verde\") and [Santiago](/wiki/Santiago%2C_Cape_Verde \"Santiago, Cape Verde\"). After completing high school, she went to the [University of Arizona](/wiki/University_of_Arizona \"University of Arizona\") and graduated in 1983 with a [Bachelor of Science](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science \"Bachelor of Science\") and [Master of Science](/wiki/Master_of_Science \"Master of Science\"), specializing in [plant genetics](/wiki/Plant_genetics \"Plant genetics\"). She completed further education at the [North Carolina State University](/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University \"North Carolina State University\"), earning a [Doctor of Philosophy](/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy \"Doctor of Philosophy\") degree in [plant breeding](/wiki/Plant_breeding \"Plant breeding\") in 1994\\.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nAndrade began her agricultural career when she started a Cape Verdean vegetable planting program in 1984\\. While leading the National Research Institute in Cape Verde, Andrade became a member of the [Food and Agriculture Organization](/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization \"Food and Agriculture Organization\") in 1994\\. From 1996 to 2001, she worked for the [International Institute of Tropical Agriculture](/wiki/International_Institute_of_Tropical_Agriculture \"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture\") as a sweet potato [agronomist](/wiki/Agronomist \"Agronomist\") for a research group in Southern Africa.\n\nAndrade subsequently led a project in [Mozambique](/wiki/Mozambique \"Mozambique\") that distributed sweet potatoes from 2002 to 2006\\. In 2006, she began working for the [International Potato Center](/wiki/International_Potato_Center \"International Potato Center\") as a manager of sweet potato breeding in Southern Africa. Andrade's research in sweet potatoes' value of providing the daily vitamin A requirements has led to the global support in their use in biofortification. Outside of her work with the International Potato center, Andrade was the vice president of fundraising for the International Society for Tropical Root Crops from 2012 to 2016\\.\n\n",
"Awards and honors\n-----------------\n\nIn 2013, Andrade was named a Nutrition Champion by Transform Nutrition. She was also a co\\-winner of the 2016 [World Food Prize](/wiki/World_Food_Prize \"World Food Prize\")[\"UA Alumna Maria Andrade Receives 2016 World Food Prize\"](https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/ua-alumna-maria-andrade-receives-2016-world-food-prize), *UA News*, University of Arizona, 29 June 2016\\. and the sole winner of the 2017 [M.S. Swaminathan](/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan \"M. S. Swaminathan\") Award for Environment Protection.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1958 births](/wiki/Category:1958_births \"1958 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Agronomists](/wiki/Category:Agronomists \"Agronomists\")\n[Category:Sweet potatoes](/wiki/Category:Sweet_potatoes \"Sweet potatoes\")\n[Category:Food and Agriculture Organization officials](/wiki/Category:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_officials \"Food and Agriculture Organization officials\")\n[Category:Women food scientists](/wiki/Category:Women_food_scientists \"Women food scientists\")\n[Category:Cape Verdean scientists](/wiki/Category:Cape_Verdean_scientists \"Cape Verdean scientists\")\n[Category:Agriculture and food award winners](/wiki/Category:Agriculture_and_food_award_winners \"Agriculture and food award winners\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bill Montgomery (footballer, born 1885)
|
{
"id": [
117878
],
"name": [
"Grutness"
]
}
|
q5yzt6e4iwrzcnwcokhq05zhsaafmj7
|
2023-11-08T08:44:02Z
| 1,164,310,490 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**William Montgomery** (1885 – 21 November 1953\\) was a Scottish professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played as an [inside forward](/wiki/Forward_%28association_football%29%23Inside_forward \"Forward (association football)#Inside forward\") for clubs including [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\"), [Oldham Athletic](/wiki/Oldham_Athletic_A.F.C. \"Oldham Athletic A.F.C.\") (where he was a member of the club's first campaign in the top tier of English football in [1910–11](/wiki/1910%E2%80%9311_Football_League \"1910–11 Football League\")), [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. \"Rangers F.C.\") (winning the [Glasgow Cup](/wiki/Glasgow_Cup \"Glasgow Cup\") and contributing to a [Scottish Football League](/wiki/1912%E2%80%9313_Scottish_Division_One \"1912–13 Scottish Division One\") title in a spell of just a few months at [Ibrox Stadium](/wiki/Ibrox_Stadium \"Ibrox Stadium\")) [Dundee](/wiki/Dundee_F.C. \"Dundee F.C.\") and [Ayr United](/wiki/Ayr_United_F.C. \"Ayr United F.C.\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1885 births](/wiki/Category:1885_births \"1885 births\")\n[Category:1953 deaths](/wiki/Category:1953_deaths \"1953 deaths\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Gourock](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Gourock \"Sportspeople from Gourock\")\n[Category:Scottish men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Scottish_men%27s_footballers \"Scottish men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football inside forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_inside_forwards \"Men's association football inside forwards\")\n[Category:Kilwinning Rangers F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Kilwinning_Rangers_F.C._players \"Kilwinning Rangers F.C. players\")\n[Category:Rutherglen Glencairn F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Rutherglen_Glencairn_F.C._players \"Rutherglen Glencairn F.C. players\")\n[Category:Bradford City A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Bradford_City_A.F.C._players \"Bradford City A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Sunderland_A.F.C._players \"Sunderland A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Oldham_Athletic_A.F.C._players \"Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Rangers F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Rangers_F.C._players \"Rangers F.C. players\")\n[Category:Dundee F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Dundee_F.C._players \"Dundee F.C. players\")\n[Category:Ayr United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Ayr_United_F.C._players \"Ayr United F.C. players\")\n[Category:English Football League players](/wiki/Category:English_Football_League_players \"English Football League players\")\n[Category:Footballers from Inverclyde](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Inverclyde \"Footballers from Inverclyde\")\n[Category:Scottish Football League players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Football_League_players \"Scottish Football League players\")\n[Category:Scottish Junior Football Association players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Junior_Football_Association_players \"Scottish Junior Football Association players\")\n[Category:Scottish emigrants to the United States](/wiki/Category:Scottish_emigrants_to_the_United_States \"Scottish emigrants to the United States\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Antifa (United States)
|
{
"id": [
1093475
],
"name": [
"Bobfrombrockley"
]
}
|
ncvqgcw1oaqvvg4cj28og11x4a89jhu
|
2024-10-21T12:33:38Z
| 1,251,677,866 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Definition",
"Movement structure and ideology",
"History",
"Background",
"Activities",
"Notable actions",
"Public reactions",
"Academics, scholars and activists",
"Civil rights organizations",
"Law enforcement and officials",
"Members of Congress",
"Trump administration",
"Hoaxes and conspiracy theories",
"#PunchWhiteWomen (2017)",
"\"Antifa civil war\" (2017)",
"\"Antifa Manual\" (2017)",
"8chan list (2018)",
"George Floyd protests (2020)",
"Capitol attack (2021)",
"Analyses and studies",
"See also",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - \n\t\t\n\t\t[thumb\\|Symbol commonly used by antifa depicting an [anarchist](/wiki/Anarchism \"Anarchism\") flag overlaying a [socialist](/wiki/Socialist \"Socialist\") flag, based on the logo of the [German antifa movement](/wiki/German_antifa_movement \"German antifa movement\")](/wiki/File:Antifa_logo.svg \"Antifa logo.svg\")\n\t\t**Antifa** () is a [left\\-wing](/wiki/Left-wing_politics \"Left-wing politics\") [anti\\-fascist](/wiki/Anti-fascist \"Anti-fascist\") and [anti\\-racist](/wiki/Anti-racist \"Anti-racist\") [political movement](/wiki/Political_movement \"Political movement\") in the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\"). It consists of a highly [decentralized](/wiki/Decentralized \"Decentralized\") array of [autonomous](/wiki/Leaderless_resistance \"Leaderless resistance\") groups that use [nonviolent](/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance \"Nonviolent resistance\") [direct action](/wiki/Direct_action \"Direct action\"), [incivility](/wiki/Incivility \"Incivility\"), or [violence](/wiki/Violence \"Violence\") to achieve their aims. Antifa political activism includes non\\-violent methods such as poster and flyer campaigns, [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization_theory%29 \"Mutual aid (organization theory)\"), speeches, [protest marches](/wiki/Protest_march \"Protest march\"), and [community organizing](/wiki/Community_organizing \"Community organizing\"). Some who identify as antifa also use tactics involving [digital activism](/wiki/Digital_activism \"Digital activism\"), [doxing](/wiki/Doxing \"Doxing\"), [harassment](/wiki/Harassment \"Harassment\"), physical violence, and property damage. Supporters of the movement aim to combat [far\\-right extremists](/wiki/Far-right_extremists \"Far-right extremists\"), including [neo\\-Nazis](/wiki/Neo-Nazis \"Neo-Nazis\") and [white supremacists](/wiki/White_supremacists \"White supremacists\").Antifa targets:\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n* + - * + - Individuals involved in the movement subscribe to a range of left\\-wing ideologies, and tend to hold [anti\\-authoritarian](/wiki/Anti-authoritarian \"Anti-authoritarian\"), [anti\\-capitalist](/wiki/Anti-capitalist \"Anti-capitalist\"), and [anti\\-state](/wiki/Anti-state \"Anti-state\") views. A majority of individuals involved are [anarchists](/wiki/Anarchists \"Anarchists\"), [communists](/wiki/Communists \"Communists\"), and [socialists](/wiki/Socialists \"Socialists\") who describe themselves as [revolutionaries](/wiki/Revolutionaries \"Revolutionaries\"), and have little allegiance to [liberal democracy](/wiki/Liberal_democracy \"Liberal democracy\"),Ideology (academic sources):\n\n \nIdeology (news sources):\n \n \n \n \n \n * + - * + - * although some [social democrats](/wiki/Social_democrats \"Social democrats\") also participate in the antifa movement. The name *antifa* and the logo with two flags representing anarchism and communism are derived from the [German antifa movement](/wiki/German_antifa_movement \"German antifa movement\"). [Dartmouth College](/wiki/Dartmouth_College \"Dartmouth College\") historian Mark Bray, author of *[Antifa: The Anti\\-Fascist Handbook](/wiki/Antifa:The_Anti-Fascist_Handbook \"The Anti-Fascist Handbook\")*, credits [Anti\\-Racist Action](/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action \"Anti-Racist Action\") (ARA) as the precursor of modern antifa groups in the United States.\n\nThe American antifa movement grew after [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") was [elected president of the United States in 2016](/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election \"2016 United States presidential election\"). Antifa activists' actions have since received support and criticism from various organizations and pundits. Some on the [political left](/wiki/American_Left \"American Left\") and some [civil rights organizations](/wiki/Civil_rights_organization \"Civil rights organization\") criticize antifa's willingness to adopt violent tactics, which they describe as counterproductive and dangerous, arguing that these tactics embolden the [political right](/wiki/Right-wing_politics \"Right-wing politics\") and their allies.Criticism:\n \n \n \n \n \n \n * + - * + - * Both [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") and [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") politicians have condemned violence from antifa. Many right\\-wing politicians and groups have characterized antifa as a [domestic terrorist](/wiki/Domestic_terrorism \"Domestic terrorism\") organization or use *antifa* as a catch\\-all term for any left\\-leaning or liberal protest actions. Some scholars claim that antifa is a legitimate response to the rise of the far\\-right. Scholars tend to reject an equivalence between antifa and [right\\-wing extremism](/wiki/Right_wing_extremism \"Right wing extremism\"). Research suggests that most antifa action is nonviolent.\n\nThere have been numerous efforts to discredit antifa by various right\\-wing groups and individuals. Some have been done via hoaxes on social media, many of them [false flag](/wiki/False_flag \"False flag\") operations originating from [alt\\-right](/wiki/Alt-right \"Alt-right\") and [4chan](/wiki/4chan \"4chan\") users posing as antifa backers on [Twitter](/wiki/Twitter \"Twitter\"); some hoaxes have been picked up and portrayed as fact by right\\-leaning media and politicians. There were repeated calls by Donald Trump and [William Barr](/wiki/William_Barr \"William Barr\") to designate antifa as a terrorist organization. Academics, legal experts, and others have argued such an action would exceed the authority of the presidency and violate the [First Amendment](/wiki/First_Amendment \"First Amendment\"). Several analyses, reports, and studies have concluded that antifa is not a major domestic terrorism risk.\n\n",
"Definition\n----------\n\nThe English word *antifa* is a [loanword](/wiki/Loanword \"Loanword\") from the German , where it is a shortened form of the word (\"anti\\-fascist\") and a nickname of (1932–1933\\), a short\\-lived group which inspired the wider [antifa movement in Germany](/wiki/Antifa_movement_in_Germany \"Antifa movement in Germany\"). The German word *Antifa* itself first appeared in 1930 and the long form *antifaschistisch* was borrowed from the original Italian (\"anti\\-fascists\"). [Oxford Dictionaries](/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_%28website%29 \"Oxford Dictionaries (website)\") placed *antifa* on its shortlist for [word of the year](/wiki/Word_of_the_year \"Word of the year\") in 2017 and stated the word \"emerged from relative obscurity to become an established part of the English lexicon over the course of 2017\\.\"\n\nThe pronunciation of the word in English is not settled as it may be stressed on either the first or the second syllable.\n\nAccording to the [Anti\\-Defamation League](/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League \"Anti-Defamation League\") (ADL) the term *antifa* \"is often misapplied to include all [counter\\-protesters](/wiki/Counter-protesters \"Counter-protesters\")\".\n\nDuring the [Trump administration](/wiki/Trump_administration \"Trump administration\"), the term *antifa* became \"a conservative catch\\-all\" term as [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"), administration officials, Trump [base supporters](/wiki/Base_%28politics%29 \"Base (politics)\"), and [right\\-wing](/wiki/Right-wing \"Right-wing\") commentators applied the label to all sorts of [left\\-leaning](/wiki/Centre-left_politics \"Centre-left politics\") or [liberal](/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States \"Modern liberalism in the United States\") protest actions. [Conservative](/wiki/Conservativism_in_the_United_States \"Conservativism in the United States\") writers such as [L. Brent Bozell III](/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III \"L. Brent Bozell III\") associated the tactics of [Black Lives Matter](/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter \"Black Lives Matter\") with those of antifa. *[Politico](/wiki/Politico \"Politico\")* reported that \"the term \\[*antifa*] is a potent one for conservatives\" because \"\\[i]t's the violent distillation of everything they fear could come to pass in an all\\-out culture war. And it's a quick way to brand part of the opposition.\" [Alexander Reid Ross](/wiki/Alexander_Reid_Ross \"Alexander Reid Ross\"), who teaches at [Portland State University](/wiki/Portland_State_University \"Portland State University\"), argues that the popularization of the term *antifa* was a reaction to the popularization of the term *[alt\\-right](/wiki/Alt-right \"Alt-right\")*, \"to the point where \\[*antifa*] simply describes people who are anti\\-fascist or people who are against racism and are willing to protest against it.\"\n\n",
"Movement structure and ideology\n-------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Anti\\-fascists with banner reading \"good night white pride\"](/wiki/File:Trump_rally_protest_DSC_4402_%2836703241166%29.jpg \"Trump rally protest DSC 4402 (36703241166).jpg\")\n\nAntifa is not a unified organization but rather a movement without a hierarchical leadership structure, comprising multiple autonomous groups and individuals. The movement is loosely affiliated and has no chain of command, with antifa groups instead sharing \"resources and information about far\\-right activity across regional and national borders through loosely knit networks and informal relationships of trust and solidarity.\" According to Mark Bray, \"members \\[of antifa groups] hide their political activities from law enforcement and the [far right](/wiki/Far_right \"Far right\")\" and \"concerns about infiltration and high expectations of commitment keep the sizes of groups rather small.\"\n\nBray adds that \"\\[i]t's important to understand that antifa politics, and antifa's methods, are designed to stop white supremacists, fascists, and neo\\-Nazis as easily as possible.\" According to research by both Bray and scholar Stanislav Vysotsky, antifa methods are mostly nonviolent; analysis by the [Anti\\-Defamation League](/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League \"Anti-Defamation League\") has reached the same conclusion. According to Bray, \"they function in some ways like private investigators; they track neo\\-Nazi organizing across multiple social\\-media platforms.\" In regard to [doxing](/wiki/Doxing \"Doxing\"), Bray says that it is about \"telling people that they have a Nazi living down the street, or telling employers that they're employing white supremacists\", adding that \"after Charlottesville, a lot of the repercussions that these khaki\\-wearing, tiki\\-torch white supremacists faced were their employers firing them and their families repudiating what they do.\"\n\nActivists typically organize protests via social media and through websites. Some activists have built peer\\-to\\-peer networks, or use encrypted\\-texting services like [Signal](/wiki/Signal_%28messaging_app%29 \"Signal (messaging app)\"). Chauncey Devega of *[Salon](/wiki/Salon_%28website%29 \"Salon (website)\")* described antifa as an organizing strategy, not a group of people. According to a member of a New York City antifa group, their group's identification research on whether an individual or group is \"fascist, Alt Right, White Nationalist, etc.\" is \"based on which groups they are a part of and endorse.\" While noting that \"Nazis, fascists, white nationalists, anti\\-Semites and Islamophobes\" are specific overlapping categories, the main focus is \"on groups and individuals which endorse, or work directly in alliance with, white supremacists and white separatists. We try to be very clear and precise with how we use these terms.\" According to terrorism experts Colin Clarke and Michael Kenney, writing in [War on the Rocks](/wiki/War_on_the_Rocks \"War on the Rocks\"), [direct actions](/wiki/Direct_actions \"Direct actions\") such as [anti\\-Trump protests](/wiki/Anti-Trump_protests \"Anti-Trump protests\"), demonstrations against the [alt\\-right](/wiki/Alt-right \"Alt-right\") provocateur [Milo Yiannopoulos](/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos \"Milo Yiannopoulos\") and the clash with [neo\\-Nazis](/wiki/Neo-Nazis \"Neo-Nazis\") and [white supremacists](/wiki/White_supremacists \"White supremacists\") at the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\") \"reflects many Antifa supporters' belief that Trump is a fascist demagogue who threatens the existence of America's pluralistic, multi\\-racial democracy. This factor helps explain why such Antifa supporters are so quick to label the president's 'Make America Great Again' supporters as fascists — and why Trump is so quick to label Antifa as a terrorist organization.\"\n\nThe antifa movement grew after the [2016 United States presidential election](/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election \"2016 United States presidential election\"). As of August 2017, approximately 200 groups existed, of varying sizes and levels of activity. It is particularly active in the [Pacific Northwest](/wiki/Pacific_Northwest \"Pacific Northwest\"), such as in [Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Portland%2C_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\").\n\nIndividuals involved in the antifa movement tend to hold [anti\\-authoritarian](/wiki/Anti-authoritarian \"Anti-authoritarian\"), [anti\\-capitalist](/wiki/Anti-capitalist \"Anti-capitalist\"), [anti\\-fascist](/wiki/Anti-fascist \"Anti-fascist\"), and [anti\\-state](/wiki/Anti-state \"Anti-state\") views, subscribing to a varied range of [left\\-wing](/wiki/Left-wing \"Left-wing\") ideologies. A majority of adherents are [anarchists](/wiki/Anarchists \"Anarchists\"), [communists](/wiki/Communists \"Communists\"), and other [socialists](/wiki/Socialists \"Socialists\") who describe themselves as [revolutionaries](/wiki/Revolutionaries \"Revolutionaries\"), although some [social democrats](/wiki/Social_democrats \"Social democrats\") and others on the [American Left](/wiki/American_Left \"American Left\"), among them [environmentalists](/wiki/Environmentalists \"Environmentalists\"), [LGBT](/wiki/LGBT_social_movements \"LGBT social movements\") and [indigenous rights](/wiki/Indigenous_rights \"Indigenous rights\") advocates, also adhere to the antifa movement. According to professor of journalism and political science at the [Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York](/wiki/Craig_Newmark_Graduate_School_of_Journalism_at_the_City_University_of_New_York \"Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York\"), [Peter Beinart](/wiki/Peter_Beinart \"Peter Beinart\"), \"antifa is heavily composed of anarchists\" and \"its activists place little faith in the state, which they consider complicit in fascism and racism.\" Antifa activists' ideologies, as well as their involvement in violent actions against far\\-right opponents and the police has led some scholars and news media to characterize the movement as [far\\-left](/wiki/Far-left \"Far-left\")Academic sources:\n \n \n \n\nNews sources:\n \n \n \n * + - * + - * and [militant](/wiki/Militant \"Militant\").Academic sources:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\nNews sources:\n \n \n* + - In his article \"The Rise of the Violent Left\" for *[The Atlantic](/wiki/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\")*, Beinart writes that antifa activists \"prefer direct action: They pressure venues to deny white supremacists space to meet. They pressure employers to fire them and landlords to evict them. And when people they deem racists and fascists manage to assemble, antifa's partisans try to break up their gatherings, including by force.\" According to historian [Mark Bray](/wiki/Mark_Bray_%28historian%29 \"Mark Bray (historian)\"), an expert on the movement, the \"vast majority of anti\\-fascist organizing is nonviolent. But their willingness to physically defend themselves and others from white supremacist violence and preemptively shut down fascist organizing efforts before they turn deadly distinguishes them from liberal anti\\-racists.\"\n\nDescribed as a pan\\-leftist and non\\-hierarchical movement, antifa is united by opposition to [right\\-wing extremism](/wiki/Right-wing_extremism \"Right-wing extremism\") and [white supremacy](/wiki/White_supremacy \"White supremacy\"). Antifa activists reject both [conservative](/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States \"Conservatism in the United States\") and [liberal](/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States \"Modern liberalism in the United States\") [anti\\-fascism](/wiki/Anti-fascism \"Anti-fascism\"). The antifa movement generally eschews mainstream [liberal democracy](/wiki/Liberal_democracy \"Liberal democracy\"), having \"an illiberal disdain for the confines of mainstream politics\", and favoring [direct action](/wiki/Direct_action \"Direct action\") over [electoral politics](/wiki/Electoral_politics \"Electoral politics\"). Bray states that \"\\[t]he vast majority of antifa militants are radical anti\\-capitalists who oppose the Democratic Party\" and that [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") leaders, including [Nancy Pelosi](/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi \"Nancy Pelosi\") and [Joe Biden](/wiki/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\"), have condemned antifa and political violence more broadly. Despite antifa's opposition to the Democratic Party and liberalism, some [right\\-wing](/wiki/Right-wing \"Right-wing\") commentators have accused their adherents of being aided by \"liberal sympathizers\" and \"affiliated with the Democratic Party\" as well as being \"a single organization\", \"funded by liberal financiers like [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\")\", \"mastermind\\[ing] violence at Black Lives Matter protests\", and that \"Antifascists are the 'real fascists'\", with Bray citing these as examples of five myths about antifa.\n\nThe ADL states that \"\\[m]ost antifa come from the anarchist movement or from the far left, though since the 2016 presidential election, some people with more mainstream political backgrounds have also joined their ranks.\" Similarly, Bray argues that \"\\[i]t's also important to remember that these are self\\-described revolutionaries. They're anarchists and communists who are way outside the traditional conservative\\-liberal spectrum.\" [ABC News](/wiki/ABC_News_%28United_States%29 \"ABC News (United States)\") notes that \"\\[w]hile antifa's political leanings are often described as 'far\\-left,' experts say members' radical views vary and can intersect with communism, socialism and anarchism.\" According to [CNN](/wiki/CNN \"CNN\"), \"Antifa is short for anti\\-fascists. The term is used to define a broad group of people whose political beliefs lean toward the left \\-\\- often the far left \\-\\- but do not conform with the Democratic Party platform.\" The [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\") notes that, \"as their name indicates, Antifa focuses more on fighting far\\-right ideology than encouraging pro\\-left policy.\" Beinart argues that the [election of Donald Trump](/wiki/Election_of_Donald_Trump \"Election of Donald Trump\") vitalized the antifa movement and some on the mainstream left were more willing to support them as a tactical opposition.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Background\n\nWhen Italian dictator [Benito Mussolini](/wiki/Benito_Mussolini \"Benito Mussolini\") consolidated power under his [National Fascist Party](/wiki/National_Fascist_Party \"National Fascist Party\") in the mid\\-1920s, an oppositional [anti\\-fascist](/wiki/Anti-fascist \"Anti-fascist\") movement surfaced both in Italy and countries such as the United States. Many anti\\-fascist leaders in the United States were anarchist, socialist, and [syndicalist](/wiki/Syndicalist \"Syndicalist\") émigrés from Italy with experience in labor organizing and militancy. Ideologically, antifa in the United States sees itself as the successor to anti\\-Nazi activists of the 1930s. European activist groups that originally organized to oppose [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\")\\-era fascist dictatorships re\\-emerged in the 1970s and 1980s to oppose [white supremacy](/wiki/White_supremacy \"White supremacy\") and [skinheads](/wiki/Skinhead \"Skinhead\"), eventually spreading to the United States.\n\nModern antifa politics can be traced to opposition to the infiltration of Britain's [punk](/wiki/Punk_rock \"Punk rock\") scene by [white power skinheads](/wiki/White_power_skinheads \"White power skinheads\") in the 1970s and 1980s, and the emergence of [neo\\-Nazism](/wiki/Neo-Nazism \"Neo-Nazism\") in Germany following the [fall of the Berlin Wall](/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall \"Fall of the Berlin Wall\"). In Germany, young leftists, including anarchists and punk fans, renewed the practice of street\\-level anti\\-fascism. [Peter Beinart](/wiki/Peter_Beinart \"Peter Beinart\") writes that \"\\[i]n the late '80s, left\\-wing punk fans in the United States began following suit, though they initially called their groups Anti\\-Racist Action, on the theory that Americans would be more familiar with fighting racism than they would be with fighting fascism.\"\n\n[Dartmouth College](/wiki/Dartmouth_College \"Dartmouth College\") historian Mark Bray, author of *[Antifa: The Anti\\-Fascist Handbook](/wiki/Antifa:The_Anti-Fascist_Handbook \"The Anti-Fascist Handbook\")*, credits [Anti\\-Racist Action](/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action \"Anti-Racist Action\") (ARA) as the precursor of modern antifa groups in the United States. In the late 1980s and 1990s, ARA activists toured with popular punk rock and skinhead bands in order to prevent [Klansmen](/wiki/Klansmen \"Klansmen\"), neo\\-Nazis and other assorted white supremacists from recruiting. Their motto was \"We go where they go\", by which they meant that they would confront [far\\-right](/wiki/Far-right \"Far-right\") activists in concerts and actively remove their materials from public places. In 2002, ARA disrupted a speech in Pennsylvania by [Matthew F. Hale](/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale \"Matthew F. Hale\"), the head of the white supremacist group [World Church of the Creator](/wiki/World_Church_of_the_Creator \"World Church of the Creator\"), resulting in a fight and 25 arrests.\n\nIn 2007, [Rose City Antifa](/wiki/Rose_City_Antifa \"Rose City Antifa\"), likely the first group to utilize the name antifa, was formed in [Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Portland%2C_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") by former ARA members. Other antifa groups in the United States have other genealogies. In [Minneapolis, Minnesota](/wiki/Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota \"Minneapolis, Minnesota\"), a group called the Baldies was formed in 1987 with the intent to fight neo\\-Nazi groups directly. In 2013, the \"most radical\" chapters of ARA formed the [Torch Antifa Network](/wiki/Torch_Antifa_Network \"Torch Antifa Network\"), which has chapters throughout the United States. Other antifa groups are a part of different associations such as NYC Antifa or operate independently.\n\n### Activities\n\nAccording to Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at the [California State University, San Bernardino](/wiki/California_State_University%2C_San_Bernardino \"California State University, San Bernardino\"), antifa activists feel the need to participate in violent actions because \"they believe that elites are controlling the government and the media. So they need to make a statement head\\-on against the people who they regard as racist.\" Historian Mark Bray wrote that the adherents \"reject turning to the police or the state to halt the advance of white supremacy. Instead they advocate popular opposition to fascism as we witnessed in Charlottesville.\" The idea of [direct action](/wiki/Direct_action \"Direct action\") is central to the antifa movement. Former antifa organizer [Scott Crow](/wiki/Scott_Crow_%28activist%29 \"Scott Crow (activist)\") told an interviewer:\n\nA manual posted on *[It's Going Down](/wiki/It%27s_Going_Down_%28collective%29 \"It's Going Down (collective)\")*, an anarchist website, warns against accepting \"people who just want to fight\". Furthermore, the website notes that \"physically confronting and defending against fascists is a necessary part of anti\\-fascist work, but is not the only or even necessarily the most important part.\"\n\n[thumb\\|Antifascist activists with a modified anarchist [red and black flag](/wiki/Red_and_black_flag \"Red and black flag\") and a [transgender pride flag](/wiki/Transgender_pride_flag_%28Monica_Helms%29 \"Transgender pride flag (Monica Helms)\") containing the [hammer and sickle](/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle \"Hammer and sickle\") in a 2017 protest](/wiki/File:Patriot_Prayer_vs_Antifa_protests._Photo_11_of_14_%2825095096398%29.jpg \"Patriot Prayer vs Antifa protests. Photo 11 of 14 (25095096398).jpg\")\nAccording to Beinart, antifa activists \"try to publicly identify white supremacists and get them fired from their jobs and evicted from their apartments\" and also \"disrupt white\\-supremacist rallies, including by force.\" A book review in *[The Washington Post](/wiki/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")* reported that \"Antifa tactics include '[no platforming](/wiki/No_platforming \"No platforming\"),' i.e. denying their targets the opportunity to speak out in public; obstructing their events and defacing their propaganda; and, when antifa activists deem it necessary, deploying violence to deter them.\" According to [National Public Radio](/wiki/National_Public_Radio \"National Public Radio\"), antifa's \"approach is confrontational\" and \"people who speak for the Antifa movement acknowledge they sometimes carry clubs and sticks.\" [CNN](/wiki/CNN \"CNN\") describes antifa as \"known for causing damage to property during protests.\" Scott Crow says that antifa adherents believe that property destruction does not \"equate to violence\". According to the *[Los Angeles Times](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*, antifa protesters have engaged in \"mob violence, attacking a small showing of supporters of President Trump and others they accused, sometimes inaccurately, of being white supremacists or Nazis.\" Antifa activists also used clubs and dyed liquids against white supremacists in Charlottesville. Media have reported on specific instances of antifa protesters harassing or attacking journalists or causing damage to their equipment, while they were documenting protests — namely reporters of *[The Washington Post](/wiki/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*, a contributor to [VICE](/wiki/Vice_%28magazine%29 \"Vice (magazine)\") and [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"), and others. According to *[The Kansas City Star](/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star \"The Kansas City Star\")*, police asked persons carrying firearms (including both antifa members and members of the far\\-right [militia movement](/wiki/Militia_movement \"Militia movement\") group [Three Percenters](/wiki/Three_Percenters \"Three Percenters\")) at a September 2017 rally in Kansas City to remove ammunition from their weapons.\n\nApart from the other activities, antifa activists engage in [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization_theory%29 \"Mutual aid (organization theory)\") such as disaster response in the case of [Hurricane Harvey](/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey \"Hurricane Harvey\"). According to Natasha Lennard in *[The Nation](/wiki/The_Nation \"The Nation\")*, antifa groups as of January 2017 were working with [interfaith](/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue \"Interfaith dialogue\") groups and churches \"to create a New [Sanctuary Movement](/wiki/Sanctuary_Movement \"Sanctuary Movement\"), continuing and expanding a 40\\-year\\-old practice of providing spaces for refugees and immigrants.\"\n\nAntifa activists often use the [black bloc](/wiki/Black_bloc \"Black bloc\") tactic in which people dress in black and cover their faces in order to thwart surveillance and create a sense of equality and solidarity among participants. Antifa activists wear masks to hide their \"identity from protestors on the other side (who might [dox](/wiki/Doxing \"Doxing\") people they disagree with) or from police and cameras\" and for philosophical reasons such as the beliefs that \"hierarchies are bad and that remaining anonymous helps keep one's ego in check.\" Joseph Bernstein from *[BuzzFeed News](/wiki/BuzzFeed_News \"BuzzFeed News\")* says that antifa activists also wear masks because \"they fear retribution from the far right and the cops, whom they believe are sympathetic if not outright supportive to fascists.\"\n\nWhen antifa became prominent in the news during the [George Floyd protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") and was under attack for being responsible for much, if not most of the violence, a report in *[Vox](/wiki/Vox_%28website%29 \"Vox (website)\")* stated that \"\\[m]embers of antifa groups do more conventional activism, flyer campaigns, and community organizing, on behalf of anti\\-racist and anti\\-white nationalist causes\", quoting Mark Bray as saying that this was the \"vast majority\" of what they did. In July 2020, *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")* reported that \"a California\\-based organizer and anti\\-fascist activist\" stated she saw \"Trump's claims about antifa violence, particularly during the George Floyd protests, as a message to his 'hardcore' supporters that it was appropriate to attack people who came out to protest.\" In August 2020, many small business owners interviewed by *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* in what was the [Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone](/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Autonomous_Zone \"Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone\") in Seattle blamed people they identified as antifa for much of the violence and intimidation of their patrons while distinguishing antifa from Black Lives Matter.\n\n### Notable actions\n\nAlong with [black bloc](/wiki/Black_bloc \"Black bloc\") activists, antifa groups were among those who protested the 2016 election of [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"). Antifa activists also participated in the [February 2017 Berkeley protests](/wiki/February_2017_Berkeley_protests \"February 2017 Berkeley protests\") against [alt\\-right](/wiki/Alt-right \"Alt-right\") provocateur speaker [Milo Yiannopoulos](/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos \"Milo Yiannopoulos\"), where antifa gained mainstream attention, with media reporting antifa protesters \"throwing Molotov cocktails and smashing windows\" and causing $100,000 worth of damage.\n\nIn August 2017, antifa counter\\-protesters at the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\") in [Charlottesville, Virginia](/wiki/Charlottesville%2C_Virginia \"Charlottesville, Virginia\"), reported *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*, \"used clubs and dyed liquids against the white supremacists.\" Groups preparing to protest the [Boston Free Speech Rally](/wiki/Boston_Free_Speech_Rally \"Boston Free Speech Rally\") saw their plans become viral following the violence in Charlottesville. The event drew a largely peaceful crowd of 40,000 counter\\-protesters. In *[The Atlantic](/wiki/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\")*, [McKay Coppins](/wiki/McKay_Coppins \"McKay Coppins\") stated that the 33 people arrested for violent incidents were \"mostly egged on by the minority of 'Antifa' agitators in the crowd.\"\n\nPresident Trump described the protesters outside his August 2017 rally in [Phoenix, Arizona](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona \"Phoenix, Arizona\") as \"antifa\".\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|Antifa rally at Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017](/wiki/File:Berkeley_8_27_17-7123_%2836887356645%29.jpg \"Berkeley 8 27 17-7123 (36887356645).jpg\")\nDuring the [Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017](/wiki/Berkeley_protests_on_August_27%2C_2017 \"Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017\"), an estimated one hundred antifa and anarchist protesters joined a crowd of 2,000–4,000 other protesters to confront alt\\-right demonstrators and Trump supporters who showed up for a \"Say No to Marxism\" rally that had been cancelled by organizers due to security concerns. Following the incident, [Jesse Arreguin](/wiki/Jesse_Arreguin \"Jesse Arreguin\"), the mayor of Berkeley, suggested classifying the city's antifa as a gang.[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|Protesters hold an antifa banner in Minneapolis on February 18, 2017](/wiki/File:Anarchist_anti_deporation_protest.jpg \"Anarchist anti deporation protest.jpg\")\nIn November 2018, police investigated a left\\-wing group associated with antifa, Smash Racism D.C., following a protest by 12\\-20 people outside the home of *[The Daily Caller](/wiki/The_Daily_Caller \"The Daily Caller\")* founder [Tucker Carlson](/wiki/Tucker_Carlson \"Tucker Carlson\"), who they accused of being a racist and white supremacist. Activists of the group defaced the driveway of Carlson's property by spray\\-painting an [anarchist symbol](/wiki/Anarchist_symbol \"Anarchist symbol\") on it.\n\n",
"### Background\n\nWhen Italian dictator [Benito Mussolini](/wiki/Benito_Mussolini \"Benito Mussolini\") consolidated power under his [National Fascist Party](/wiki/National_Fascist_Party \"National Fascist Party\") in the mid\\-1920s, an oppositional [anti\\-fascist](/wiki/Anti-fascist \"Anti-fascist\") movement surfaced both in Italy and countries such as the United States. Many anti\\-fascist leaders in the United States were anarchist, socialist, and [syndicalist](/wiki/Syndicalist \"Syndicalist\") émigrés from Italy with experience in labor organizing and militancy. Ideologically, antifa in the United States sees itself as the successor to anti\\-Nazi activists of the 1930s. European activist groups that originally organized to oppose [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\")\\-era fascist dictatorships re\\-emerged in the 1970s and 1980s to oppose [white supremacy](/wiki/White_supremacy \"White supremacy\") and [skinheads](/wiki/Skinhead \"Skinhead\"), eventually spreading to the United States.\n\nModern antifa politics can be traced to opposition to the infiltration of Britain's [punk](/wiki/Punk_rock \"Punk rock\") scene by [white power skinheads](/wiki/White_power_skinheads \"White power skinheads\") in the 1970s and 1980s, and the emergence of [neo\\-Nazism](/wiki/Neo-Nazism \"Neo-Nazism\") in Germany following the [fall of the Berlin Wall](/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall \"Fall of the Berlin Wall\"). In Germany, young leftists, including anarchists and punk fans, renewed the practice of street\\-level anti\\-fascism. [Peter Beinart](/wiki/Peter_Beinart \"Peter Beinart\") writes that \"\\[i]n the late '80s, left\\-wing punk fans in the United States began following suit, though they initially called their groups Anti\\-Racist Action, on the theory that Americans would be more familiar with fighting racism than they would be with fighting fascism.\"\n\n[Dartmouth College](/wiki/Dartmouth_College \"Dartmouth College\") historian Mark Bray, author of *[Antifa: The Anti\\-Fascist Handbook](/wiki/Antifa:The_Anti-Fascist_Handbook \"The Anti-Fascist Handbook\")*, credits [Anti\\-Racist Action](/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action \"Anti-Racist Action\") (ARA) as the precursor of modern antifa groups in the United States. In the late 1980s and 1990s, ARA activists toured with popular punk rock and skinhead bands in order to prevent [Klansmen](/wiki/Klansmen \"Klansmen\"), neo\\-Nazis and other assorted white supremacists from recruiting. Their motto was \"We go where they go\", by which they meant that they would confront [far\\-right](/wiki/Far-right \"Far-right\") activists in concerts and actively remove their materials from public places. In 2002, ARA disrupted a speech in Pennsylvania by [Matthew F. Hale](/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale \"Matthew F. Hale\"), the head of the white supremacist group [World Church of the Creator](/wiki/World_Church_of_the_Creator \"World Church of the Creator\"), resulting in a fight and 25 arrests.\n\nIn 2007, [Rose City Antifa](/wiki/Rose_City_Antifa \"Rose City Antifa\"), likely the first group to utilize the name antifa, was formed in [Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Portland%2C_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\") by former ARA members. Other antifa groups in the United States have other genealogies. In [Minneapolis, Minnesota](/wiki/Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota \"Minneapolis, Minnesota\"), a group called the Baldies was formed in 1987 with the intent to fight neo\\-Nazi groups directly. In 2013, the \"most radical\" chapters of ARA formed the [Torch Antifa Network](/wiki/Torch_Antifa_Network \"Torch Antifa Network\"), which has chapters throughout the United States. Other antifa groups are a part of different associations such as NYC Antifa or operate independently.\n\n",
"### Activities\n\nAccording to Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at the [California State University, San Bernardino](/wiki/California_State_University%2C_San_Bernardino \"California State University, San Bernardino\"), antifa activists feel the need to participate in violent actions because \"they believe that elites are controlling the government and the media. So they need to make a statement head\\-on against the people who they regard as racist.\" Historian Mark Bray wrote that the adherents \"reject turning to the police or the state to halt the advance of white supremacy. Instead they advocate popular opposition to fascism as we witnessed in Charlottesville.\" The idea of [direct action](/wiki/Direct_action \"Direct action\") is central to the antifa movement. Former antifa organizer [Scott Crow](/wiki/Scott_Crow_%28activist%29 \"Scott Crow (activist)\") told an interviewer:\n\nA manual posted on *[It's Going Down](/wiki/It%27s_Going_Down_%28collective%29 \"It's Going Down (collective)\")*, an anarchist website, warns against accepting \"people who just want to fight\". Furthermore, the website notes that \"physically confronting and defending against fascists is a necessary part of anti\\-fascist work, but is not the only or even necessarily the most important part.\"\n\n[thumb\\|Antifascist activists with a modified anarchist [red and black flag](/wiki/Red_and_black_flag \"Red and black flag\") and a [transgender pride flag](/wiki/Transgender_pride_flag_%28Monica_Helms%29 \"Transgender pride flag (Monica Helms)\") containing the [hammer and sickle](/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle \"Hammer and sickle\") in a 2017 protest](/wiki/File:Patriot_Prayer_vs_Antifa_protests._Photo_11_of_14_%2825095096398%29.jpg \"Patriot Prayer vs Antifa protests. Photo 11 of 14 (25095096398).jpg\")\nAccording to Beinart, antifa activists \"try to publicly identify white supremacists and get them fired from their jobs and evicted from their apartments\" and also \"disrupt white\\-supremacist rallies, including by force.\" A book review in *[The Washington Post](/wiki/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")* reported that \"Antifa tactics include '[no platforming](/wiki/No_platforming \"No platforming\"),' i.e. denying their targets the opportunity to speak out in public; obstructing their events and defacing their propaganda; and, when antifa activists deem it necessary, deploying violence to deter them.\" According to [National Public Radio](/wiki/National_Public_Radio \"National Public Radio\"), antifa's \"approach is confrontational\" and \"people who speak for the Antifa movement acknowledge they sometimes carry clubs and sticks.\" [CNN](/wiki/CNN \"CNN\") describes antifa as \"known for causing damage to property during protests.\" Scott Crow says that antifa adherents believe that property destruction does not \"equate to violence\". According to the *[Los Angeles Times](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*, antifa protesters have engaged in \"mob violence, attacking a small showing of supporters of President Trump and others they accused, sometimes inaccurately, of being white supremacists or Nazis.\" Antifa activists also used clubs and dyed liquids against white supremacists in Charlottesville. Media have reported on specific instances of antifa protesters harassing or attacking journalists or causing damage to their equipment, while they were documenting protests — namely reporters of *[The Washington Post](/wiki/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*, a contributor to [VICE](/wiki/Vice_%28magazine%29 \"Vice (magazine)\") and [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"), and others. According to *[The Kansas City Star](/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star \"The Kansas City Star\")*, police asked persons carrying firearms (including both antifa members and members of the far\\-right [militia movement](/wiki/Militia_movement \"Militia movement\") group [Three Percenters](/wiki/Three_Percenters \"Three Percenters\")) at a September 2017 rally in Kansas City to remove ammunition from their weapons.\n\nApart from the other activities, antifa activists engage in [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization_theory%29 \"Mutual aid (organization theory)\") such as disaster response in the case of [Hurricane Harvey](/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey \"Hurricane Harvey\"). According to Natasha Lennard in *[The Nation](/wiki/The_Nation \"The Nation\")*, antifa groups as of January 2017 were working with [interfaith](/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue \"Interfaith dialogue\") groups and churches \"to create a New [Sanctuary Movement](/wiki/Sanctuary_Movement \"Sanctuary Movement\"), continuing and expanding a 40\\-year\\-old practice of providing spaces for refugees and immigrants.\"\n\nAntifa activists often use the [black bloc](/wiki/Black_bloc \"Black bloc\") tactic in which people dress in black and cover their faces in order to thwart surveillance and create a sense of equality and solidarity among participants. Antifa activists wear masks to hide their \"identity from protestors on the other side (who might [dox](/wiki/Doxing \"Doxing\") people they disagree with) or from police and cameras\" and for philosophical reasons such as the beliefs that \"hierarchies are bad and that remaining anonymous helps keep one's ego in check.\" Joseph Bernstein from *[BuzzFeed News](/wiki/BuzzFeed_News \"BuzzFeed News\")* says that antifa activists also wear masks because \"they fear retribution from the far right and the cops, whom they believe are sympathetic if not outright supportive to fascists.\"\n\nWhen antifa became prominent in the news during the [George Floyd protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") and was under attack for being responsible for much, if not most of the violence, a report in *[Vox](/wiki/Vox_%28website%29 \"Vox (website)\")* stated that \"\\[m]embers of antifa groups do more conventional activism, flyer campaigns, and community organizing, on behalf of anti\\-racist and anti\\-white nationalist causes\", quoting Mark Bray as saying that this was the \"vast majority\" of what they did. In July 2020, *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")* reported that \"a California\\-based organizer and anti\\-fascist activist\" stated she saw \"Trump's claims about antifa violence, particularly during the George Floyd protests, as a message to his 'hardcore' supporters that it was appropriate to attack people who came out to protest.\" In August 2020, many small business owners interviewed by *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* in what was the [Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone](/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Autonomous_Zone \"Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone\") in Seattle blamed people they identified as antifa for much of the violence and intimidation of their patrons while distinguishing antifa from Black Lives Matter.\n\n",
"### Notable actions\n\nAlong with [black bloc](/wiki/Black_bloc \"Black bloc\") activists, antifa groups were among those who protested the 2016 election of [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"). Antifa activists also participated in the [February 2017 Berkeley protests](/wiki/February_2017_Berkeley_protests \"February 2017 Berkeley protests\") against [alt\\-right](/wiki/Alt-right \"Alt-right\") provocateur speaker [Milo Yiannopoulos](/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos \"Milo Yiannopoulos\"), where antifa gained mainstream attention, with media reporting antifa protesters \"throwing Molotov cocktails and smashing windows\" and causing $100,000 worth of damage.\n\nIn August 2017, antifa counter\\-protesters at the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\") in [Charlottesville, Virginia](/wiki/Charlottesville%2C_Virginia \"Charlottesville, Virginia\"), reported *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*, \"used clubs and dyed liquids against the white supremacists.\" Groups preparing to protest the [Boston Free Speech Rally](/wiki/Boston_Free_Speech_Rally \"Boston Free Speech Rally\") saw their plans become viral following the violence in Charlottesville. The event drew a largely peaceful crowd of 40,000 counter\\-protesters. In *[The Atlantic](/wiki/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\")*, [McKay Coppins](/wiki/McKay_Coppins \"McKay Coppins\") stated that the 33 people arrested for violent incidents were \"mostly egged on by the minority of 'Antifa' agitators in the crowd.\"\n\nPresident Trump described the protesters outside his August 2017 rally in [Phoenix, Arizona](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona \"Phoenix, Arizona\") as \"antifa\".\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|Antifa rally at Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017](/wiki/File:Berkeley_8_27_17-7123_%2836887356645%29.jpg \"Berkeley 8 27 17-7123 (36887356645).jpg\")\nDuring the [Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017](/wiki/Berkeley_protests_on_August_27%2C_2017 \"Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017\"), an estimated one hundred antifa and anarchist protesters joined a crowd of 2,000–4,000 other protesters to confront alt\\-right demonstrators and Trump supporters who showed up for a \"Say No to Marxism\" rally that had been cancelled by organizers due to security concerns. Following the incident, [Jesse Arreguin](/wiki/Jesse_Arreguin \"Jesse Arreguin\"), the mayor of Berkeley, suggested classifying the city's antifa as a gang.[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|Protesters hold an antifa banner in Minneapolis on February 18, 2017](/wiki/File:Anarchist_anti_deporation_protest.jpg \"Anarchist anti deporation protest.jpg\")\nIn November 2018, police investigated a left\\-wing group associated with antifa, Smash Racism D.C., following a protest by 12\\-20 people outside the home of *[The Daily Caller](/wiki/The_Daily_Caller \"The Daily Caller\")* founder [Tucker Carlson](/wiki/Tucker_Carlson \"Tucker Carlson\"), who they accused of being a racist and white supremacist. Activists of the group defaced the driveway of Carlson's property by spray\\-painting an [anarchist symbol](/wiki/Anarchist_symbol \"Anarchist symbol\") on it.\n\n",
"Public reactions\n----------------\n\n### Academics, scholars and activists\n\nHistorian [Mark Bray](/wiki/Mark_Bray_%28historian%29 \"Mark Bray (historian)\"), who has studied the antifa movement, stated that \"\\[g]iven the historical and current threat that white supremacist and fascist groups pose, it's clear to me that organized, collective self\\-defense is not only a legitimate response, but lamentably an all\\-too\\-necessary response to this threat on too many occasions.\" Alexander Reid Ross, a lecturer in geography and an author on the contemporary right, has argued that antifa groups represented \"one of the best models for channeling the popular reflexes and spontaneous movements towards confronting fascism in organized and focused ways.\"\n\nHistorian and *[Dissent](/wiki/Dissent_%28American_magazine%29 \"Dissent (American magazine)\")* magazine editor [Michael Kazin](/wiki/Michael_Kazin \"Michael Kazin\") wrote that \"\\[n]on\\-leftists often see the left as a disruptive, lawless force. Violence tends to confirm that view.\" Historian [Ruth Ben\\-Ghiat](/wiki/Ruth_Ben-Ghiat \"Ruth Ben-Ghiat\") was \"worried that antifa's methods could feed into what she said were false equivalencies that seek to lump violence on the left with attacks by the right.\" Ben\\-Ghiat argued that \"[\\[t]hrowing a milkshake](/wiki/Milkshaking \"Milkshaking\") is not equivalent to killing someone, but because the people in power are allied with the right, any provocation, any dissent against right\\-wing violence, backfires\", with the effect that \"\\[m]ilitancy on the left\" can \"become a justification for those in power and allies on the right to crack down\" on the left.\n\n[Peter Beinart](/wiki/Peter_Beinart \"Peter Beinart\"), a professor of journalism and political science, wrote that \"\\[a]ntifa believes it is pursuing the opposite of authoritarianism. Many of its activists oppose the very notion of a centralized state. But in the name of protecting the vulnerable, antifascists have granted themselves the authority to decide which Americans may publicly assemble and which may not. That authority rests on no democratic foundation. \\[...] The people preventing Republicans from safely assembling on the streets of Portland may consider themselves fierce opponents of the authoritarianism growing on the American right. In truth, however, they are its unlikeliest allies.\"\n\nAnti\\-racist public intellectual [Cornel West](/wiki/Cornel_West \"Cornel West\"), who attended a counter\\-protest to the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\"), said in an interview that \"we would have been crushed like cockroaches if it were not for the anarchists and the anti\\-fascists\", describing a situation where a group of 20 counter\\-protesters were surrounded by marchers whom he described as \"neofascists\".\n\nVeteran radical activist [Noam Chomsky](/wiki/Noam_Chomsky \"Noam Chomsky\") described antifa as \"a major gift to the right\", arguing that \"the movement was self\\-destructive and constituted a tiny faction on the periphery of the left.\" Eleanor Penny, an author on fascism and the far\\-right, argued against Chomsky that \"physical resistance has time and again protected local populations from racist violence, and prevented a gathering caucus of fascists from making further inroads into mainstream politics\". Natasha Lennard has argued against Chomsky and others, citing [Richard B. Spencer](/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer \"Richard B. Spencer\")'s suspension of his college tour in March 2018, as \"a sharp rebuttal to the glut of claims that antifa practices serve as a gift to the far right.\"\n\n### Civil rights organizations\n\nIn 2020, the ADL said that while there have been hundreds of murders by far\\-right groups in the last few decades, there has only been [one suspected antifa\\-related murder](/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl \"Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl\").\n\nAccording to the [Southern Poverty Law Center](/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center \"Southern Poverty Law Center\") (SPLC), designating antifa as a domestic terrorist organization is dangerous and a threat to civil liberties. The SPLC also reported that antifa members \"have been involved in skirmishes and property crimes, 'but the threat of lethal violence pales in comparison to that posed by far\\-right extremists.'\"\n\n### Law enforcement and officials\n\nIn June 2017, the antifa movement was linked to \"anarchist extremism\" by the [New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness](/wiki/New_Jersey_Office_of_Homeland_Security_and_Preparedness \"New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness\"). This assessment was replaced with one in 2019 which states that \"Antifa is a movement that focuses on issues involving racism, sexism, and anti\\-Semitism, as well as other perceived injustices. The majority of Antifa members do not promote or endorse violence; however, the movement consists of anarchist extremists and other individuals who seek to carry out acts of violence in order to forward their respective agendas.\" In September 2017, *[Politico](/wiki/Politico \"Politico\")* obtained confidential documents and interviews indicating that the [Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security \"Department of Homeland Security\") (DHS) and the [Federal Bureau of Investigation](/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") (FBI) believed that \"anarchist extremists\" were the primary instigators of violence at public rallies against a range of targets in April 2016\\.\n\nIn July 2020, [FBI Director](/wiki/FBI_Director \"FBI Director\") [Christopher A. Wray](/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray \"Christopher A. Wray\"), who had stated in a press release on June 4 that \"anarchists like Antifa\" are \"exploiting this situation to pursue violent, extremist agendas\", testified to the [Senate Judiciary Committee](/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee \"Senate Judiciary Committee\") that the agency \"considers antifa more of an ideology than an organization\" which was later reiterated the same year in a September 17 remark to lawmakers. This contradicted President Trump's remarks about antifa and put Wray at odds with the Trump administration. According to the [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\"), Wray \"did not dispute that antifa activists were a serious concern\", stating that antifa was a \"real thing\" and that the FBI had undertaken \"any number of properly predicated investigations into what we would describe as violent anarchist extremists\", including into individuals who identify with antifa, whom the FBI identified as \"a movement or an ideology\" rather than as \"a group or an organization\". Wray stated that \"racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, have been responsible for the most lethal attacks in the U.S. in recent years\", although \"this year the most lethal violence has come from anti\\-government activists, such as anarchists and militia\\-types.\"\n\nThree August 2020 DHS draft reports did not mention antifa as a domestic terrorism risk and ranked white supremacy as the top risk, higher than that of foreign terrorist groups.\n\n### Members of Congress\n\nOn August 29, 2017, [Nancy Pelosi](/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi \"Nancy Pelosi\"), then [House Minority Leader](/wiki/House_Minority_Leader \"House Minority Leader\") for the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\"), condemned the violence of antifa activists in Berkeley.\n\nIn July 2019, [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") Senators [Bill Cassidy](/wiki/Bill_Cassidy \"Bill Cassidy\") and [Ted Cruz](/wiki/Ted_Cruz \"Ted Cruz\") introduced a [nonbinding resolution](/wiki/Nonbinding_resolution \"Nonbinding resolution\") that would designate antifa a domestic terrorist organization.\n\nIn June 2020, Republican Senator [Tom Cotton](/wiki/Tom_Cotton \"Tom Cotton\") advocated using military force to quell nationwide [protests against police brutality and racism](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\"), calling for the [101st Airborne Division](/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division \"101st Airborne Division\") to be deployed to combat what he called \"Antifa terrorists\". Cruz accused \"Antifa protesters\" of \"organizing these acts of terror\" and called for \"systematic law enforcement targeting Antifa and other terrorist groups\".\n\nIn September 2020, [Democratic Party presidential candidate](/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidate \"2020 Democratic Party presidential candidate\") [Joe Biden](/wiki/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") also condemned antifa violent actions, having already condemned violence across the political spectrum and expressed his support for peaceful protests.\n\n### Trump administration\n\nIn August 2017, a petition was lodged with the White House petitioning system [We the People](/wiki/We_the_People_%28petitioning_system%29 \"We the People (petitioning system)\") calling upon President [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") to formally classify \"AntiFa\" as terrorist. The White House responded in 2018 that federal law does not have a mechanism for formally designating domestic terrorist organizations. The writer of the petition later stated he had created it to \"bring our broken right side together\" and to \"prop up antifa as a punching bag\".\n\nIn 2017, *[Politico](/wiki/Politico \"Politico\")* interviewed unidentified law enforcement officials who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, particularly a rise in recruitment and on the part of the far right as well since the Charlottesville [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\"). One internal assessment acknowledged an inability to penetrate the groups' \"diffuse and decentralized organizational structure\". By 2017, the FBI and the DHS reported that they were monitoring suspicious antifa activity in relation to terrorism.\n\nDuring the [nationwide protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") following the [murder of George Floyd](/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd \"Murder of George Floyd\") in May and June 2020, [Attorney General](/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General \"United States Attorney General\") [William Barr](/wiki/William_Barr \"William Barr\") blamed the violence on \"anarchic and far left extremist groups using Antifa\\-like tactics\" and described the actions of \"Antifa and other similar groups\" as \"domestic terrorism\", echoing similar statements by [National Security Advisor](/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor \"United States National Security Advisor\") [Robert C. O'Brien](/wiki/Robert_C._O%27Brien \"Robert C. O'Brien\"). In [Twitter posts](/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media \"Donald Trump on social media\") and other statements, Trump blamed \"ANTIFA and the Radical Left\" for violence and repeatedly pledged that the federal government would designate antifa as a \"Terrorist Organization\". However, Trump lacks the authority to do so because under existing law the federal government may designate only [foreign organizations as terrorist](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations \"United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations\") and antifa is a loosely associated movement rather than a specific organization. Legal experts, among others, believe that designating antifa as a terrorist group would be unconstitutional, raising [First Amendment](/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution \"First Amendment to the United States Constitution\") and [due process](/wiki/Due_Process_Clause \"Due Process Clause\") issues. According to historian Mark Bray, antifa cannot be designated as a terrorist organization because \"\\[t]he groups are loosely organized, and they aren't large enough to cause everything Trump blames them for.\" In addition, Bray argued that the political right has attempted to \"blame everything on antifa\" during the George Floyd protests and that in assuming antifa to be \"predominantly white\", it \"evince\\[s] a kind of racism that assumes that black people couldn't organize on this deep and wide of a scale.\"\n\nOn June 2, 2020, *[The Nation](/wiki/The_Nation \"The Nation\")* reported on a copy of an FBI [Washington Field Office](/wiki/Washington_Field_Office \"Washington Field Office\") internal situation report it had obtained which stated that the FBI had \"no intelligence indicating Antifa involvement/presence\" in the violent May 31 D.C.\\-area protests. Two days later, Barr claimed that \"\\[w]e have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups, as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity.\" However, the Trump administration has provided no evidence for its claims and there is no evidence that antifa\\-aligned individuals played a role in instigating the protests or violence, or that antifa played a significant role in the protests. According to Bray, while \"confident that some members of antifa groups have participated in a variety of forms of resistance\" during the protests, it is \"impossible to ascertain the exact number of people who belong to antifa groups.\" As of June 9, 2020, none of the 51 people facing federal charges were alleged to have links to antifa. As of September 16, 2020, no antifa or left\\-wing group has been charged in connection with the civil unrest.\n\nIn an August 2020 interview, Trump asserted \"people that are in the dark shadows\" control his Democratic presidential opponent [Joe Biden](/wiki/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") and then claimed that \"we had somebody get on a plane from a certain city this weekend, and in the plane it was almost completely loaded with thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that\", adding that \"they're people that are on the streets. They're people that are controlling the streets.\" Antifa activists commonly dress in black. Trump's remarks were similar to false social media rumors during preceding months that planes and buses full of antifa gangs were preparing to invade communities, allegedly funded by [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\"). Two days after Trump's remarks, Barr asserted he knew antifa activists \"are flying around the country\" and \"we are following them\". However, there is no evidence of any such flight. According to [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"), \"\\[l]aw enforcement, intelligence and Congressional officials familiar with official reporting on weeks of protests and related arrests said on Tuesday they were aware of no incidents or reports that would confirm Trump's anecdote.\"\n\nIn a September 2020 whistleblower complaint, [Brian Murphy](/wiki/Brian_Murphy_%28agent%29 \"Brian Murphy (agent)\"), who was the [Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis](/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Intelligence_and_Analysis \"Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis\") until August 2020, asserted that DHS secretary [Chad Wolf](/wiki/Chad_Wolf \"Chad Wolf\") and his deputy [Ken Cuccinelli](/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli \"Ken Cuccinelli\") instructed him \"to modify intelligence assessments to ensure they matched up with the public comments by President Trump on the subject of ANTIFA and 'anarchist' groups.\" On September 18, 2020, Trump publicly criticized FBI Director [Christopher A. Wray](/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray \"Christopher A. Wray\") and hinted that he could fire him over Wray's testimony about antifa and [Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections](/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections \"Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections\").\n\nOn September 25, 2020, the [Trump campaign](/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign \"Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign\") released details of a \"Platinum Plan for Black America\", under which \"Antifa\" and the [Ku Klux Klan](/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan \"Ku Klux Klan\") would be prosecuted as terrorist organizations.\n\n",
"### Academics, scholars and activists\n\nHistorian [Mark Bray](/wiki/Mark_Bray_%28historian%29 \"Mark Bray (historian)\"), who has studied the antifa movement, stated that \"\\[g]iven the historical and current threat that white supremacist and fascist groups pose, it's clear to me that organized, collective self\\-defense is not only a legitimate response, but lamentably an all\\-too\\-necessary response to this threat on too many occasions.\" Alexander Reid Ross, a lecturer in geography and an author on the contemporary right, has argued that antifa groups represented \"one of the best models for channeling the popular reflexes and spontaneous movements towards confronting fascism in organized and focused ways.\"\n\nHistorian and *[Dissent](/wiki/Dissent_%28American_magazine%29 \"Dissent (American magazine)\")* magazine editor [Michael Kazin](/wiki/Michael_Kazin \"Michael Kazin\") wrote that \"\\[n]on\\-leftists often see the left as a disruptive, lawless force. Violence tends to confirm that view.\" Historian [Ruth Ben\\-Ghiat](/wiki/Ruth_Ben-Ghiat \"Ruth Ben-Ghiat\") was \"worried that antifa's methods could feed into what she said were false equivalencies that seek to lump violence on the left with attacks by the right.\" Ben\\-Ghiat argued that \"[\\[t]hrowing a milkshake](/wiki/Milkshaking \"Milkshaking\") is not equivalent to killing someone, but because the people in power are allied with the right, any provocation, any dissent against right\\-wing violence, backfires\", with the effect that \"\\[m]ilitancy on the left\" can \"become a justification for those in power and allies on the right to crack down\" on the left.\n\n[Peter Beinart](/wiki/Peter_Beinart \"Peter Beinart\"), a professor of journalism and political science, wrote that \"\\[a]ntifa believes it is pursuing the opposite of authoritarianism. Many of its activists oppose the very notion of a centralized state. But in the name of protecting the vulnerable, antifascists have granted themselves the authority to decide which Americans may publicly assemble and which may not. That authority rests on no democratic foundation. \\[...] The people preventing Republicans from safely assembling on the streets of Portland may consider themselves fierce opponents of the authoritarianism growing on the American right. In truth, however, they are its unlikeliest allies.\"\n\nAnti\\-racist public intellectual [Cornel West](/wiki/Cornel_West \"Cornel West\"), who attended a counter\\-protest to the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\"), said in an interview that \"we would have been crushed like cockroaches if it were not for the anarchists and the anti\\-fascists\", describing a situation where a group of 20 counter\\-protesters were surrounded by marchers whom he described as \"neofascists\".\n\nVeteran radical activist [Noam Chomsky](/wiki/Noam_Chomsky \"Noam Chomsky\") described antifa as \"a major gift to the right\", arguing that \"the movement was self\\-destructive and constituted a tiny faction on the periphery of the left.\" Eleanor Penny, an author on fascism and the far\\-right, argued against Chomsky that \"physical resistance has time and again protected local populations from racist violence, and prevented a gathering caucus of fascists from making further inroads into mainstream politics\". Natasha Lennard has argued against Chomsky and others, citing [Richard B. Spencer](/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer \"Richard B. Spencer\")'s suspension of his college tour in March 2018, as \"a sharp rebuttal to the glut of claims that antifa practices serve as a gift to the far right.\"\n\n",
"### Civil rights organizations\n\nIn 2020, the ADL said that while there have been hundreds of murders by far\\-right groups in the last few decades, there has only been [one suspected antifa\\-related murder](/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl \"Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl\").\n\nAccording to the [Southern Poverty Law Center](/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center \"Southern Poverty Law Center\") (SPLC), designating antifa as a domestic terrorist organization is dangerous and a threat to civil liberties. The SPLC also reported that antifa members \"have been involved in skirmishes and property crimes, 'but the threat of lethal violence pales in comparison to that posed by far\\-right extremists.'\"\n\n",
"### Law enforcement and officials\n\nIn June 2017, the antifa movement was linked to \"anarchist extremism\" by the [New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness](/wiki/New_Jersey_Office_of_Homeland_Security_and_Preparedness \"New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness\"). This assessment was replaced with one in 2019 which states that \"Antifa is a movement that focuses on issues involving racism, sexism, and anti\\-Semitism, as well as other perceived injustices. The majority of Antifa members do not promote or endorse violence; however, the movement consists of anarchist extremists and other individuals who seek to carry out acts of violence in order to forward their respective agendas.\" In September 2017, *[Politico](/wiki/Politico \"Politico\")* obtained confidential documents and interviews indicating that the [Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security \"Department of Homeland Security\") (DHS) and the [Federal Bureau of Investigation](/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") (FBI) believed that \"anarchist extremists\" were the primary instigators of violence at public rallies against a range of targets in April 2016\\.\n\nIn July 2020, [FBI Director](/wiki/FBI_Director \"FBI Director\") [Christopher A. Wray](/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray \"Christopher A. Wray\"), who had stated in a press release on June 4 that \"anarchists like Antifa\" are \"exploiting this situation to pursue violent, extremist agendas\", testified to the [Senate Judiciary Committee](/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee \"Senate Judiciary Committee\") that the agency \"considers antifa more of an ideology than an organization\" which was later reiterated the same year in a September 17 remark to lawmakers. This contradicted President Trump's remarks about antifa and put Wray at odds with the Trump administration. According to the [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\"), Wray \"did not dispute that antifa activists were a serious concern\", stating that antifa was a \"real thing\" and that the FBI had undertaken \"any number of properly predicated investigations into what we would describe as violent anarchist extremists\", including into individuals who identify with antifa, whom the FBI identified as \"a movement or an ideology\" rather than as \"a group or an organization\". Wray stated that \"racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, have been responsible for the most lethal attacks in the U.S. in recent years\", although \"this year the most lethal violence has come from anti\\-government activists, such as anarchists and militia\\-types.\"\n\nThree August 2020 DHS draft reports did not mention antifa as a domestic terrorism risk and ranked white supremacy as the top risk, higher than that of foreign terrorist groups.\n\n",
"### Members of Congress\n\nOn August 29, 2017, [Nancy Pelosi](/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi \"Nancy Pelosi\"), then [House Minority Leader](/wiki/House_Minority_Leader \"House Minority Leader\") for the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\"), condemned the violence of antifa activists in Berkeley.\n\nIn July 2019, [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") Senators [Bill Cassidy](/wiki/Bill_Cassidy \"Bill Cassidy\") and [Ted Cruz](/wiki/Ted_Cruz \"Ted Cruz\") introduced a [nonbinding resolution](/wiki/Nonbinding_resolution \"Nonbinding resolution\") that would designate antifa a domestic terrorist organization.\n\nIn June 2020, Republican Senator [Tom Cotton](/wiki/Tom_Cotton \"Tom Cotton\") advocated using military force to quell nationwide [protests against police brutality and racism](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\"), calling for the [101st Airborne Division](/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division \"101st Airborne Division\") to be deployed to combat what he called \"Antifa terrorists\". Cruz accused \"Antifa protesters\" of \"organizing these acts of terror\" and called for \"systematic law enforcement targeting Antifa and other terrorist groups\".\n\nIn September 2020, [Democratic Party presidential candidate](/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidate \"2020 Democratic Party presidential candidate\") [Joe Biden](/wiki/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") also condemned antifa violent actions, having already condemned violence across the political spectrum and expressed his support for peaceful protests.\n\n",
"### Trump administration\n\nIn August 2017, a petition was lodged with the White House petitioning system [We the People](/wiki/We_the_People_%28petitioning_system%29 \"We the People (petitioning system)\") calling upon President [Donald Trump](/wiki/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") to formally classify \"AntiFa\" as terrorist. The White House responded in 2018 that federal law does not have a mechanism for formally designating domestic terrorist organizations. The writer of the petition later stated he had created it to \"bring our broken right side together\" and to \"prop up antifa as a punching bag\".\n\nIn 2017, *[Politico](/wiki/Politico \"Politico\")* interviewed unidentified law enforcement officials who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, particularly a rise in recruitment and on the part of the far right as well since the Charlottesville [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\"). One internal assessment acknowledged an inability to penetrate the groups' \"diffuse and decentralized organizational structure\". By 2017, the FBI and the DHS reported that they were monitoring suspicious antifa activity in relation to terrorism.\n\nDuring the [nationwide protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") following the [murder of George Floyd](/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd \"Murder of George Floyd\") in May and June 2020, [Attorney General](/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General \"United States Attorney General\") [William Barr](/wiki/William_Barr \"William Barr\") blamed the violence on \"anarchic and far left extremist groups using Antifa\\-like tactics\" and described the actions of \"Antifa and other similar groups\" as \"domestic terrorism\", echoing similar statements by [National Security Advisor](/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor \"United States National Security Advisor\") [Robert C. O'Brien](/wiki/Robert_C._O%27Brien \"Robert C. O'Brien\"). In [Twitter posts](/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media \"Donald Trump on social media\") and other statements, Trump blamed \"ANTIFA and the Radical Left\" for violence and repeatedly pledged that the federal government would designate antifa as a \"Terrorist Organization\". However, Trump lacks the authority to do so because under existing law the federal government may designate only [foreign organizations as terrorist](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations \"United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations\") and antifa is a loosely associated movement rather than a specific organization. Legal experts, among others, believe that designating antifa as a terrorist group would be unconstitutional, raising [First Amendment](/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution \"First Amendment to the United States Constitution\") and [due process](/wiki/Due_Process_Clause \"Due Process Clause\") issues. According to historian Mark Bray, antifa cannot be designated as a terrorist organization because \"\\[t]he groups are loosely organized, and they aren't large enough to cause everything Trump blames them for.\" In addition, Bray argued that the political right has attempted to \"blame everything on antifa\" during the George Floyd protests and that in assuming antifa to be \"predominantly white\", it \"evince\\[s] a kind of racism that assumes that black people couldn't organize on this deep and wide of a scale.\"\n\nOn June 2, 2020, *[The Nation](/wiki/The_Nation \"The Nation\")* reported on a copy of an FBI [Washington Field Office](/wiki/Washington_Field_Office \"Washington Field Office\") internal situation report it had obtained which stated that the FBI had \"no intelligence indicating Antifa involvement/presence\" in the violent May 31 D.C.\\-area protests. Two days later, Barr claimed that \"\\[w]e have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups, as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity.\" However, the Trump administration has provided no evidence for its claims and there is no evidence that antifa\\-aligned individuals played a role in instigating the protests or violence, or that antifa played a significant role in the protests. According to Bray, while \"confident that some members of antifa groups have participated in a variety of forms of resistance\" during the protests, it is \"impossible to ascertain the exact number of people who belong to antifa groups.\" As of June 9, 2020, none of the 51 people facing federal charges were alleged to have links to antifa. As of September 16, 2020, no antifa or left\\-wing group has been charged in connection with the civil unrest.\n\nIn an August 2020 interview, Trump asserted \"people that are in the dark shadows\" control his Democratic presidential opponent [Joe Biden](/wiki/Joe_Biden \"Joe Biden\") and then claimed that \"we had somebody get on a plane from a certain city this weekend, and in the plane it was almost completely loaded with thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that\", adding that \"they're people that are on the streets. They're people that are controlling the streets.\" Antifa activists commonly dress in black. Trump's remarks were similar to false social media rumors during preceding months that planes and buses full of antifa gangs were preparing to invade communities, allegedly funded by [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\"). Two days after Trump's remarks, Barr asserted he knew antifa activists \"are flying around the country\" and \"we are following them\". However, there is no evidence of any such flight. According to [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"), \"\\[l]aw enforcement, intelligence and Congressional officials familiar with official reporting on weeks of protests and related arrests said on Tuesday they were aware of no incidents or reports that would confirm Trump's anecdote.\"\n\nIn a September 2020 whistleblower complaint, [Brian Murphy](/wiki/Brian_Murphy_%28agent%29 \"Brian Murphy (agent)\"), who was the [Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis](/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Intelligence_and_Analysis \"Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis\") until August 2020, asserted that DHS secretary [Chad Wolf](/wiki/Chad_Wolf \"Chad Wolf\") and his deputy [Ken Cuccinelli](/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli \"Ken Cuccinelli\") instructed him \"to modify intelligence assessments to ensure they matched up with the public comments by President Trump on the subject of ANTIFA and 'anarchist' groups.\" On September 18, 2020, Trump publicly criticized FBI Director [Christopher A. Wray](/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray \"Christopher A. Wray\") and hinted that he could fire him over Wray's testimony about antifa and [Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections](/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections \"Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections\").\n\nOn September 25, 2020, the [Trump campaign](/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign \"Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign\") released details of a \"Platinum Plan for Black America\", under which \"Antifa\" and the [Ku Klux Klan](/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan \"Ku Klux Klan\") would be prosecuted as terrorist organizations.\n\n",
"Hoaxes and conspiracy theories\n------------------------------\n\n[Conspiracy theories](/wiki/Conspiracy_theories \"Conspiracy theories\") about antifa that tend to incorrectly portray antifa as a single organization with leaders and secret sources of funding have been spread by [right\\-wing](/wiki/Right-wing \"Right-wing\") activists, media organizations and politicians, including [Trump administration](/wiki/Trump_administration \"Trump administration\") officials and the [2020 Trump campaign](/wiki/2020_Trump_campaign \"2020 Trump campaign\").\n\n### \\#PunchWhiteWomen (2017\\)\n\nIn August 2017, a \\#PunchWhiteWomen photo hoax campaign was spread by fake antifa Twitter accounts. [Bellingcat](/wiki/Bellingcat \"Bellingcat\") researcher [Eliot Higgins](/wiki/Eliot_Higgins \"Eliot Higgins\") discovered an image of British actress [Anna Friel](/wiki/Anna_Friel \"Anna Friel\") portraying a battered woman in a 2007 [Women's Aid](/wiki/Women%27s_Aid \"Women's Aid\") anti\\-domestic violence campaign that had been re\\-purposed using fake antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of [4chan](/wiki/4chan \"4chan\"). The image is captioned \"53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this\" and includes an antifa flag. Another image featuring an injured woman is captioned \"She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences\" and includes the hashtag \\#PunchANazi. Higgins remarked to the [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\") that \"\\[t]his was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future\". A similar fake image circulated on social media after the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\") in 2017\\. The doctored image, actually from a 2009 riot in [Athens](/wiki/Athens \"Athens\"), was altered to make it look like someone wearing an antifa symbol attacking a policeman with a flag. After the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting \"2017 Las Vegas shooting\"), similar hoaxes falsely claimed that the shooter was an antifa \"member\"; another such hoax involved a fake antifa Twitter account praising the shooting. Another high\\-profile fake antifa account was banned from Twitter after it posted with a geotag originating in Russia. Such fake antifa accounts have been repeatedly reported on as real by right\\-leaning media outlets.\n\n### \"Antifa civil war\" (2017\\)\n\nIn October 2017, a conspiracy theory claiming that antifa groups were planning a violent insurrection or civil war the following month spread on [YouTube](/wiki/YouTube \"YouTube\") and was advanced by far\\-right figures including [Alex Jones](/wiki/Alex_Jones \"Alex Jones\"), [Lucian Wintrich](/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich \"Lucian Wintrich\"), [Paul Joseph Watson](/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson \"Paul Joseph Watson\"), and [Steven Crowder](/wiki/Steven_Crowder \"Steven Crowder\"). The basis for the conspiracy theory was a series of [protests against Donald Trump](/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump \"Protests against Donald Trump\") organized by the group [Refuse Fascism](/wiki/Refuse_Fascism \"Refuse Fascism\"). The protests passed off as planned without causing significant disruption.\n\n### \"Antifa Manual\" (2017\\)\n\nA fake \"Antifa Manual\" has circulated online, debunked by [Snopes](/wiki/Snopes \"Snopes\") in 2017\\. According to the ADL, the language used in the document appears designed to sow division and features many statements that do not align with the sentiments of anti\\-fascist organizers, often clumsily mimicking \"left wing\" rhetoric. The same images continued to be shared on social media in posts about the [2020 Black Lives Matter protests](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_racial_unrest \"2020–21 United States racial unrest\"), including a Twitter post by [alt\\-lite](/wiki/Alt-lite \"Alt-lite\") conspiracy theorist [Jack Posobiec](/wiki/Jack_Posobiec \"Jack Posobiec\").\n\n### 8chan list (2018\\)\n\n### George Floyd protests (2020\\)\n\nDuring the nationwide [George Floyd protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") against police brutality and racism in May and June 2020, false claims of impending antifa activity circulated through social media platforms, causing alarm in at least 41 towns and cities. On May 31, 2020, @ANTIFA\\_US, a newly created Twitter account, attempted to incite violence relating to the protests. The next day, after determining that it was linked to the white nationalist group [Identity Evropa](/wiki/Identity_Evropa \"Identity Evropa\"), Twitter suspended the fake account. The [FBI](/wiki/FBI \"FBI\")'s Washington Field Office report stated that members of a far\\-right group on social media had \"called for far\\-right provocateurs to attack federal agents, use automatic weapons against protesters\" during the [D.C.\\-area protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington%2C_D.C. \"George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.\") over Floyd's murder on May 31, 2020\\.\n\nConservative news organizations, pro\\-Trump individuals using social media, and impostor social media accounts propagated false rumors that antifa groups were traveling to small cities, suburbs, and rural communities to instigate unrest during the protests. In May and June 2020, [Lara Logan](/wiki/Lara_Logan \"Lara Logan\") repeatedly promoted hoaxes as part of [Fox News](/wiki/Fox_News \"Fox News\")' coverage of antifa, including publishing a false document she described as an antifa battle plan and claiming that a joke about [juggalos](/wiki/Juggalos \"Juggalos\") was evidence of a clandestine antifa hierarchy. In an appearance on Fox News's *[The Ingraham Angle](/wiki/The_Ingraham_Angle \"The Ingraham Angle\")* in June 2020, Trump's personal attorney [Rudy Giuliani](/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\") claimed that \"Antifa\" as well as \"Black Lives Matter\" and unspecified communists were working together to \"do away with our system of courts\" and \"take your property away and give it to other people\", asserting without evidence that they receive significant funding from an outside source. Giuliani had previously criticized [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\"), who has been a frequent [target of conspiracy theories](/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_George_Soros \"Conspiracy theories about George Soros\"), claiming he funded such groups and demonstrations.\n\nIn June, 2020, the [California Highway Patrol](/wiki/California_Highway_Patrol \"California Highway Patrol\")'s air unit launched a search for \"antifa buses\" in response to Instagram and Facebook posts showing a van with the slogan \"Black Lives Matter\" written on it. Later in June 2020, a multiracial family on a camping trip in [Forks, Washington](/wiki/Forks%2C_Washington \"Forks, Washington\"), were accused of being antifa activists, harassed and trapped in their campsite when trees were felled to block the road. In [Coeur d'Alene, Idaho](/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene%2C_Idaho \"Coeur d'Alene, Idaho\"), groups of armed right\\-wing vigilantes occupied streets in response to false rumors that antifa activists were planning to travel to the city while similar rumors led to threats being made against activists planning peaceful protests in [Sonora, California](/wiki/Sonora%2C_California \"Sonora, California\"). In [Klamath Falls, Oregon](/wiki/Klamath_Falls%2C_Oregon \"Klamath Falls, Oregon\"), hundreds of people, most of whom were armed, assembled in response to false rumors that antifa activists would target the city, spread by a commander in the [Oregon Air National Guard](/wiki/Oregon_Air_National_Guard \"Oregon Air National Guard\").\n\nIn an August 2020 interview, Trump spread a similar [conspiracy theory](/wiki/Conspiracy_theory \"Conspiracy theory\"), claiming that \"thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that\" had boarded a plane to Washington, D.C. to disrupt the [2020 Republican National Convention](/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention \"2020 Republican National Convention\"). Also in August 2020, a fake antifa website began to redirect users to the [Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign](/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign \"Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign\") website. Although this has been described as \"clearly a ploy to associate the Democratic Party with antifa\", some on the right seized upon it.\n\nA 2021 [Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security \"Department of Homeland Security\") (DHS) internal report found that senior DHS officials had sought to portray the 2020 [protests in Portland, Oregon](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland%2C_Oregon \"George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon\"), without evidence, as an organized effort by antifa to attack government institutions, and had ordered staff to characterize protests as \"Violent Antifa Anarchist Inspired\".\n\nA study by [Zignal Labs](/wiki/Zignal_Labs \"Zignal Labs\") found that unsubstantiated claims of antifa involvement were one of three dominant themes in misinformation and conspiracy theories around the protests, alongside claims that Floyd's murder had been faked and claims of involvement by George Soros. Some of the opposition to antifa activism has also been artificial in nature. Nafeesa Syeed of [Bloomberg News](/wiki/Bloomberg_News \"Bloomberg News\") reported that \"\\[t]he most\\-tweeted link in the [Russian\\-linked network](/wiki/Russian_web_brigades \"Russian web brigades\") followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group\".\n\n### Capitol attack (2021\\)\n\nImmediately after the [2021 storming of the United States Capitol](/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol \"2021 storming of the United States Capitol\"), a false claim that it was a false flag operation staged by antifa to implicate Trump supporters was spread by a number of Trump loyalists including Representative [Mo Brooks](/wiki/Mo_Brooks \"Mo Brooks\"), [Mark Burns](/wiki/Mark_Burns_%28pastor%29 \"Mark Burns (pastor)\"), [Lou Dobbs](/wiki/Lou_Dobbs \"Lou Dobbs\"), California State Senate minority leader [Shannon Grove](/wiki/Shannon_Grove \"Shannon Grove\"), [Laura Ingraham](/wiki/Laura_Ingraham \"Laura Ingraham\"), [Mike Lindell](/wiki/Mike_Lindell \"Mike Lindell\"), former [Governor of Alaska](/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska \"Governor of Alaska\") [Sarah Palin](/wiki/Sarah_Palin \"Sarah Palin\"), [Texas Attorney General](/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General \"Texas Attorney General\") [Ken Paxton](/wiki/Ken_Paxton \"Ken Paxton\"), actor [Kevin Sorbo](/wiki/Kevin_Sorbo \"Kevin Sorbo\"), [Eric Trump](/wiki/Eric_Trump \"Eric Trump\") and [L. Lin Wood](/wiki/L._Lin_Wood \"L. Lin Wood\").Capitol attack conspiracy theorists:\n \n \n \n \n * + - * + The conspiracy theory began on [4chan](/wiki/4chan \"4chan\") and similar websites before spreading to more mainstream conservative news sites. Representative [Paul Gosar](/wiki/Paul_Gosar \"Paul Gosar\") was the first member of Congress to claim that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack. During Trump's [second impeachment trial](/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump \"Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump\"), his attorney [Michael van der Veen](/wiki/Michael_van_der_Veen \"Michael van der Veen\") stated that \"One of the first people arrested was the leader of antifa.\"\n\nIn posts on [Parler](/wiki/Parler \"Parler\"), leaders of the [Proud Boys](/wiki/Proud_Boys \"Proud Boys\") had disclosed plans to attend the rally wearing \"all black\" clothing associated with antifa activists and arrive \"incognito\" in an apparent effort to shift blame for any violence on antifa.\n\nA false claim that a [facial recognition software](/wiki/Facial_recognition_software \"Facial recognition software\") company had identified participants in the incursion as antifa activists originated in a report by [Rowan Scarborough](/wiki/Rowan_Scarborough \"Rowan Scarborough\") published in *[The Washington Times](/wiki/The_Washington_Times \"The Washington Times\")*, and was promoted on the U.S. House floor by Representative [Matt Gaetz](/wiki/Matt_Gaetz \"Matt Gaetz\"). *The Washington Times* retracted the story and issued a correction the next day.\n\nThe FBI said there was no evidence of antifa involvement in the mob incursion.\n\nThe conspiracy was also promoted by Republican Senator [Ron Johnson](/wiki/Ron_Johnson \"Ron Johnson\").Michael M. Grynbaum, Davey Alba, and Reid J. Epstein, [How Pro\\-Trump Forces Pushed a Lie About Antifa at the Capitol Riot](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/us/politics/antifa-conspiracy-capitol-riot.html) , *New York Times* (March 1, 2021\\). A poll released in February 2021 by the [American Enterprise Institute](/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute \"American Enterprise Institute\") found that 30% of Americans (including 50% of Republicans and 20% of Democrats) believe antifa was mostly responsible for the violence that happened in the riots at the U.S. Capitol.\n\n",
"### \\#PunchWhiteWomen (2017\\)\n\nIn August 2017, a \\#PunchWhiteWomen photo hoax campaign was spread by fake antifa Twitter accounts. [Bellingcat](/wiki/Bellingcat \"Bellingcat\") researcher [Eliot Higgins](/wiki/Eliot_Higgins \"Eliot Higgins\") discovered an image of British actress [Anna Friel](/wiki/Anna_Friel \"Anna Friel\") portraying a battered woman in a 2007 [Women's Aid](/wiki/Women%27s_Aid \"Women's Aid\") anti\\-domestic violence campaign that had been re\\-purposed using fake antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of [4chan](/wiki/4chan \"4chan\"). The image is captioned \"53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this\" and includes an antifa flag. Another image featuring an injured woman is captioned \"She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences\" and includes the hashtag \\#PunchANazi. Higgins remarked to the [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\") that \"\\[t]his was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future\". A similar fake image circulated on social media after the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\") in 2017\\. The doctored image, actually from a 2009 riot in [Athens](/wiki/Athens \"Athens\"), was altered to make it look like someone wearing an antifa symbol attacking a policeman with a flag. After the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting \"2017 Las Vegas shooting\"), similar hoaxes falsely claimed that the shooter was an antifa \"member\"; another such hoax involved a fake antifa Twitter account praising the shooting. Another high\\-profile fake antifa account was banned from Twitter after it posted with a geotag originating in Russia. Such fake antifa accounts have been repeatedly reported on as real by right\\-leaning media outlets.\n\n",
"### \"Antifa civil war\" (2017\\)\n\nIn October 2017, a conspiracy theory claiming that antifa groups were planning a violent insurrection or civil war the following month spread on [YouTube](/wiki/YouTube \"YouTube\") and was advanced by far\\-right figures including [Alex Jones](/wiki/Alex_Jones \"Alex Jones\"), [Lucian Wintrich](/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich \"Lucian Wintrich\"), [Paul Joseph Watson](/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson \"Paul Joseph Watson\"), and [Steven Crowder](/wiki/Steven_Crowder \"Steven Crowder\"). The basis for the conspiracy theory was a series of [protests against Donald Trump](/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump \"Protests against Donald Trump\") organized by the group [Refuse Fascism](/wiki/Refuse_Fascism \"Refuse Fascism\"). The protests passed off as planned without causing significant disruption.\n\n",
"### \"Antifa Manual\" (2017\\)\n\nA fake \"Antifa Manual\" has circulated online, debunked by [Snopes](/wiki/Snopes \"Snopes\") in 2017\\. According to the ADL, the language used in the document appears designed to sow division and features many statements that do not align with the sentiments of anti\\-fascist organizers, often clumsily mimicking \"left wing\" rhetoric. The same images continued to be shared on social media in posts about the [2020 Black Lives Matter protests](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_racial_unrest \"2020–21 United States racial unrest\"), including a Twitter post by [alt\\-lite](/wiki/Alt-lite \"Alt-lite\") conspiracy theorist [Jack Posobiec](/wiki/Jack_Posobiec \"Jack Posobiec\").\n\n",
"### 8chan list (2018\\)\n\n",
"### George Floyd protests (2020\\)\n\nDuring the nationwide [George Floyd protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests \"George Floyd protests\") against police brutality and racism in May and June 2020, false claims of impending antifa activity circulated through social media platforms, causing alarm in at least 41 towns and cities. On May 31, 2020, @ANTIFA\\_US, a newly created Twitter account, attempted to incite violence relating to the protests. The next day, after determining that it was linked to the white nationalist group [Identity Evropa](/wiki/Identity_Evropa \"Identity Evropa\"), Twitter suspended the fake account. The [FBI](/wiki/FBI \"FBI\")'s Washington Field Office report stated that members of a far\\-right group on social media had \"called for far\\-right provocateurs to attack federal agents, use automatic weapons against protesters\" during the [D.C.\\-area protests](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington%2C_D.C. \"George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.\") over Floyd's murder on May 31, 2020\\.\n\nConservative news organizations, pro\\-Trump individuals using social media, and impostor social media accounts propagated false rumors that antifa groups were traveling to small cities, suburbs, and rural communities to instigate unrest during the protests. In May and June 2020, [Lara Logan](/wiki/Lara_Logan \"Lara Logan\") repeatedly promoted hoaxes as part of [Fox News](/wiki/Fox_News \"Fox News\")' coverage of antifa, including publishing a false document she described as an antifa battle plan and claiming that a joke about [juggalos](/wiki/Juggalos \"Juggalos\") was evidence of a clandestine antifa hierarchy. In an appearance on Fox News's *[The Ingraham Angle](/wiki/The_Ingraham_Angle \"The Ingraham Angle\")* in June 2020, Trump's personal attorney [Rudy Giuliani](/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\") claimed that \"Antifa\" as well as \"Black Lives Matter\" and unspecified communists were working together to \"do away with our system of courts\" and \"take your property away and give it to other people\", asserting without evidence that they receive significant funding from an outside source. Giuliani had previously criticized [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\"), who has been a frequent [target of conspiracy theories](/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_George_Soros \"Conspiracy theories about George Soros\"), claiming he funded such groups and demonstrations.\n\nIn June, 2020, the [California Highway Patrol](/wiki/California_Highway_Patrol \"California Highway Patrol\")'s air unit launched a search for \"antifa buses\" in response to Instagram and Facebook posts showing a van with the slogan \"Black Lives Matter\" written on it. Later in June 2020, a multiracial family on a camping trip in [Forks, Washington](/wiki/Forks%2C_Washington \"Forks, Washington\"), were accused of being antifa activists, harassed and trapped in their campsite when trees were felled to block the road. In [Coeur d'Alene, Idaho](/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene%2C_Idaho \"Coeur d'Alene, Idaho\"), groups of armed right\\-wing vigilantes occupied streets in response to false rumors that antifa activists were planning to travel to the city while similar rumors led to threats being made against activists planning peaceful protests in [Sonora, California](/wiki/Sonora%2C_California \"Sonora, California\"). In [Klamath Falls, Oregon](/wiki/Klamath_Falls%2C_Oregon \"Klamath Falls, Oregon\"), hundreds of people, most of whom were armed, assembled in response to false rumors that antifa activists would target the city, spread by a commander in the [Oregon Air National Guard](/wiki/Oregon_Air_National_Guard \"Oregon Air National Guard\").\n\nIn an August 2020 interview, Trump spread a similar [conspiracy theory](/wiki/Conspiracy_theory \"Conspiracy theory\"), claiming that \"thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that\" had boarded a plane to Washington, D.C. to disrupt the [2020 Republican National Convention](/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention \"2020 Republican National Convention\"). Also in August 2020, a fake antifa website began to redirect users to the [Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign](/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign \"Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign\") website. Although this has been described as \"clearly a ploy to associate the Democratic Party with antifa\", some on the right seized upon it.\n\nA 2021 [Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security \"Department of Homeland Security\") (DHS) internal report found that senior DHS officials had sought to portray the 2020 [protests in Portland, Oregon](/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland%2C_Oregon \"George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon\"), without evidence, as an organized effort by antifa to attack government institutions, and had ordered staff to characterize protests as \"Violent Antifa Anarchist Inspired\".\n\nA study by [Zignal Labs](/wiki/Zignal_Labs \"Zignal Labs\") found that unsubstantiated claims of antifa involvement were one of three dominant themes in misinformation and conspiracy theories around the protests, alongside claims that Floyd's murder had been faked and claims of involvement by George Soros. Some of the opposition to antifa activism has also been artificial in nature. Nafeesa Syeed of [Bloomberg News](/wiki/Bloomberg_News \"Bloomberg News\") reported that \"\\[t]he most\\-tweeted link in the [Russian\\-linked network](/wiki/Russian_web_brigades \"Russian web brigades\") followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group\".\n\n",
"### Capitol attack (2021\\)\n\nImmediately after the [2021 storming of the United States Capitol](/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol \"2021 storming of the United States Capitol\"), a false claim that it was a false flag operation staged by antifa to implicate Trump supporters was spread by a number of Trump loyalists including Representative [Mo Brooks](/wiki/Mo_Brooks \"Mo Brooks\"), [Mark Burns](/wiki/Mark_Burns_%28pastor%29 \"Mark Burns (pastor)\"), [Lou Dobbs](/wiki/Lou_Dobbs \"Lou Dobbs\"), California State Senate minority leader [Shannon Grove](/wiki/Shannon_Grove \"Shannon Grove\"), [Laura Ingraham](/wiki/Laura_Ingraham \"Laura Ingraham\"), [Mike Lindell](/wiki/Mike_Lindell \"Mike Lindell\"), former [Governor of Alaska](/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska \"Governor of Alaska\") [Sarah Palin](/wiki/Sarah_Palin \"Sarah Palin\"), [Texas Attorney General](/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General \"Texas Attorney General\") [Ken Paxton](/wiki/Ken_Paxton \"Ken Paxton\"), actor [Kevin Sorbo](/wiki/Kevin_Sorbo \"Kevin Sorbo\"), [Eric Trump](/wiki/Eric_Trump \"Eric Trump\") and [L. Lin Wood](/wiki/L._Lin_Wood \"L. Lin Wood\").Capitol attack conspiracy theorists:\n \n \n \n \n * + - * + The conspiracy theory began on [4chan](/wiki/4chan \"4chan\") and similar websites before spreading to more mainstream conservative news sites. Representative [Paul Gosar](/wiki/Paul_Gosar \"Paul Gosar\") was the first member of Congress to claim that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack. During Trump's [second impeachment trial](/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump \"Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump\"), his attorney [Michael van der Veen](/wiki/Michael_van_der_Veen \"Michael van der Veen\") stated that \"One of the first people arrested was the leader of antifa.\"\n\nIn posts on [Parler](/wiki/Parler \"Parler\"), leaders of the [Proud Boys](/wiki/Proud_Boys \"Proud Boys\") had disclosed plans to attend the rally wearing \"all black\" clothing associated with antifa activists and arrive \"incognito\" in an apparent effort to shift blame for any violence on antifa.\n\nA false claim that a [facial recognition software](/wiki/Facial_recognition_software \"Facial recognition software\") company had identified participants in the incursion as antifa activists originated in a report by [Rowan Scarborough](/wiki/Rowan_Scarborough \"Rowan Scarborough\") published in *[The Washington Times](/wiki/The_Washington_Times \"The Washington Times\")*, and was promoted on the U.S. House floor by Representative [Matt Gaetz](/wiki/Matt_Gaetz \"Matt Gaetz\"). *The Washington Times* retracted the story and issued a correction the next day.\n\nThe FBI said there was no evidence of antifa involvement in the mob incursion.\n\nThe conspiracy was also promoted by Republican Senator [Ron Johnson](/wiki/Ron_Johnson \"Ron Johnson\").Michael M. Grynbaum, Davey Alba, and Reid J. Epstein, [How Pro\\-Trump Forces Pushed a Lie About Antifa at the Capitol Riot](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/us/politics/antifa-conspiracy-capitol-riot.html) , *New York Times* (March 1, 2021\\). A poll released in February 2021 by the [American Enterprise Institute](/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute \"American Enterprise Institute\") found that 30% of Americans (including 50% of Republicans and 20% of Democrats) believe antifa was mostly responsible for the violence that happened in the riots at the U.S. Capitol.\n\n",
"Analyses and studies\n--------------------\n\nQuestions on how effective antifa is and whether it is a reasonable response have been raised and discussed by news media.\n\nIn relation to the events of the [Unite the Right rally](/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally \"Unite the Right rally\"), a 2018 study conducted by professor of criminology [Gary LaFree](/wiki/Gary_LaFree \"Gary LaFree\") on the link between antifa and terrorism concluded that \"while the events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks\", the actions by antifa supporters during this event \"do not include all of the elements of terrorism required by the [GTD](/wiki/Global_Terrorism_Database \"Global Terrorism Database\")\". Whereas it fulfilled the requirements of an action led by \"sub\\-national actors\" with \"violence or threat of violence\", it lacked in particular the \"intentionality of the incident\", that is the \"result of a conscious calculation on the part of the perpetrators.\" LaFree also questioned \"whether antifa can be considered to constitute a 'group' at this point in time\" and stressed \"how complicated it is to distinguish terrorism from other forms of illegal violence\" such as those by antifa supporters.\n\nIn June 2020, the think tank [Center for Strategic and International Studies](/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies \"Center for Strategic and International Studies\") (CSIS) assembled a database of 893 terrorism incidents in the United States beginning in 1994\\. An analysis of the database conducted by *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")* in July 2020 found no murders linked to antifa or anti\\-fascism since 1994\\. According to *The Guardian*, the only death resulting from an anti\\-fascist attack recorded in the database was that of [Willem van Spronsen](/wiki/2019_Tacoma_attack \"2019 Tacoma attack\"), who was shot dead by police while allegedly [firebombing](/wiki/Firebombing \"Firebombing\") a [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement](/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement \"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\") (ICE) detention center in [Tacoma, Washington](/wiki/Tacoma%2C_Washington \"Tacoma, Washington\"), in 2019\\. In contrast, the study highlighted the fact that 329 people were killed by American white supremacists or other right\\-wing extremists during the same period. *The Guardian* quoted Heidi Beirich, a co\\-founder of the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, as saying that \"Antifa is not going around murdering people like rightwing extremists are. It's a false equivalence. I've at times been critical of antifa for getting into fights with Nazis at rallies and that kind of violence, but I can't think of one case in which an antifa person was accused of murder.\" [Seth Jones](/wiki/Seth_Jones_%28political_scientist%29 \"Seth Jones (political scientist)\"), a counter\\-terrorism expert who led the creation of the CSIS's database, told *The Guardian* that \"\\[l]eftwing violence has not been a major terrorism threat\" and that \"the most significant domestic terrorism threat comes from white supremacists, anti\\-government militias and a handful of individuals associated with the ['boogaloo' movement](/wiki/Boogaloo_movement \"Boogaloo movement\") that are attempting to create a civil war in the United States.\"\n\nThe CSIS database was updated in October 2020 to include the suspected [killing of Aaron Danielson](/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl \"Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl\") by Michael Reinoehl. In September 2020, when the investigation was still ongoing, Brian Levin said that if Reinoehl was implicated, it would mark the first case in recent history of an antifa supporter being charged with homicide. Reinoehl was charged by Portland police with second\\-degree murder and was later shot and killed by a federally led fugitive task force near [Lacey, Washington](/wiki/Lacey%2C_Washington \"Lacey, Washington\"). Reinoehl self\\-identified as antifa but was not associated with [Rose City Antifa](/wiki/Rose_City_Antifa \"Rose City Antifa\") or the Portland\\-based anti\\-fascist organization Popular Mobilization.\n\n[Voice of America](/wiki/Voice_of_America \"Voice of America\"), a US state\\-owned international radio broadcaster, summarized a report by the [Network Contagion Research Institute](/wiki/Network_Contagion_Research_Institute \"Network Contagion Research Institute\") as stating that \"far\\-left movements such as antifa, while decentralized and seen as less lethal than their counterparts on the far right, are just as capable of turning peaceful protests into violent confrontations with law enforcement\". According to Voice of America, \"the Justice Department has not charged any left\\-wing groups in connection with the civil unrest, and extremism experts say while the threat of violence from antifa is real, organized groups on the far right pose a greater threat of violence.\" Josh Lipowsky, a senior research analyst with the [Counter Extremism Project](/wiki/Counter_Extremism_Project \"Counter Extremism Project\"), stated that \"the decentralized antifa movement poses a lesser threat than the better organized groups on the far right.\"\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Anarchism and violence](/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence \"Anarchism and violence\")\n* [Autonomism](/wiki/Autonomism \"Autonomism\")\n* [Diversity of tactics](/wiki/Diversity_of_tactics \"Diversity of tactics\")\n* [Resistencia (Venezuela)](/wiki/Resistencia_%28Venezuela%29 \"Resistencia (Venezuela)\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Anarchism in the United States](/wiki/Category:Anarchism_in_the_United_States \"Anarchism in the United States\")\n[Category:Anti\\-capitalism](/wiki/Category:Anti-capitalism \"Anti-capitalism\")\n[Category:Anti\\-fascism in the United States](/wiki/Category:Anti-fascism_in_the_United_States \"Anti-fascism in the United States\")\n[Category:Anti\\-racism in the United States](/wiki/Category:Anti-racism_in_the_United_States \"Anti-racism in the United States\")\n[Category:Communism in the United States](/wiki/Category:Communism_in_the_United_States \"Communism in the United States\")\n[Category:Far\\-left politics in the United States](/wiki/Category:Far-left_politics_in_the_United_States \"Far-left politics in the United States\")\n[Category:Left\\-wing politics in the United States](/wiki/Category:Left-wing_politics_in_the_United_States \"Left-wing politics in the United States\")\n[Category:Political movements in the United States](/wiki/Category:Political_movements_in_the_United_States \"Political movements in the United States\")\n[Category:Politics and race in the United States](/wiki/Category:Politics_and_race_in_the_United_States \"Politics and race in the United States\")\n[Category:Political violence in the United States](/wiki/Category:Political_violence_in_the_United_States \"Political violence in the United States\")\n[Category:Riots and civil disorder in the United States](/wiki/Category:Riots_and_civil_disorder_in_the_United_States \"Riots and civil disorder in the United States\")\n[Category:Socialism in the United States](/wiki/Category:Socialism_in_the_United_States \"Socialism in the United States\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Tsunao Isomura
|
{
"id": [
1189543
],
"name": [
"Simeon"
]
}
|
ltvrfs6np1sreg759ojsa87d14v3y8v
|
2021-10-02T13:24:51Z
| 947,831,543 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Table tennis career",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Tsunao Isomura** is a former international [table tennis](/wiki/Table_tennis \"Table tennis\") player from [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\").\n\n",
"Table tennis career\n-------------------\n\nShe won a [silver medal](/wiki/Silver_medal \"Silver medal\") in the [1965 World Table Tennis Championships](/wiki/1965_World_Table_Tennis_Championships \"1965 World Table Tennis Championships\") in the Corbillon Cup (women's team event) with [Naoko Fukatsu](/wiki/Naoko_Fukatsu \"Naoko Fukatsu\"), [Masako Seki](/wiki/Masako_Seki \"Masako Seki\") and [Noriko Yamanaka](/wiki/Noriko_Yamanaka \"Noriko Yamanaka\") for Japan.\n\nShe also won two [Asian Games](/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_table_tennis \"List of Asian Games medalists in table tennis\") medals.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of table tennis players](/wiki/List_of_table_tennis_players \"List of table tennis players\")\n* [List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists](/wiki/List_of_World_Table_Tennis_Championships_medalists \"List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Japanese female table tennis players](/wiki/Category:Japanese_female_table_tennis_players \"Japanese female table tennis players\")\n[Category:Asian Games medalists in table tennis](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_medalists_in_table_tennis \"Asian Games medalists in table tennis\")\n[Category:Table tennis players at the 1966 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Table_tennis_players_at_the_1966_Asian_Games \"Table tennis players at the 1966 Asian Games\")\n[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for Japan](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_gold_medalists_for_Japan \"Asian Games gold medalists for Japan\")\n[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_bronze_medalists_for_Japan \"Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_1966_Asian_Games \"Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games\")\n[Category:World Table Tennis Championships medalists](/wiki/Category:World_Table_Tennis_Championships_medalists \"World Table Tennis Championships medalists\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Jordan Lay
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
93jg0cz3zhun53e1q2bzbvyhiq5ksic
|
2024-06-11T02:18:19Z
| 1,226,324,048 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Club career",
"International career",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jordan Andrew Lay** (born 5 November 1992\\) is a Samoan professional [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") player who plays as a [prop](/wiki/Prop_%28rugby_union%29 \"Prop (rugby union)\") for [Super Rugby](/wiki/Super_Rugby \"Super Rugby\") club [Blues](/wiki/Blues_%28Super_Rugby%29 \"Blues (Super Rugby)\") and the [Samoa national team](/wiki/Samoa_national_rugby_union_team \"Samoa national rugby union team\").\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nLay was born in Samoa, but moved to New Zealand with his parents at age 3 and went to school in Auckland.\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nIn December 2017 Lay joined [Pro14](/wiki/Pro14 \"Pro14\") side [Edinburgh Rugby](/wiki/Edinburgh_Rugby \"Edinburgh Rugby\") for the remainder of the season after a 2017 [ITM Cup](/wiki/ITM_Cup \"ITM Cup\") campaign with [Bay of Plenty](/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Rugby_Union \"Bay of Plenty Rugby Union\"). A request to add Lay to Edinburgh's [European Challenge Cup](/wiki/European_Rugby_Challenge_Cup \"European Rugby Challenge Cup\") squad in January 2018 was declined.\n\n",
"International career\n--------------------\n\nOn 23 August 2019, he was named in Samoa's 34\\-man training squad for the [2019 Rugby World Cup](/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup \"2019 Rugby World Cup\"), before being named in the final 31 on 31 August.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Samoan rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Samoan_rugby_union_players \"Samoan rugby union players\")\n[Category:Rugby union props](/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_props \"Rugby union props\")\n[Category:Edinburgh Rugby players](/wiki/Category:Edinburgh_Rugby_players \"Edinburgh Rugby players\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1992 births](/wiki/Category:1992_births \"1992 births\")\n[Category:Samoan emigrants to New Zealand](/wiki/Category:Samoan_emigrants_to_New_Zealand \"Samoan emigrants to New Zealand\")\n[Category:Samoa international rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Samoa_international_rugby_union_players \"Samoa international rugby union players\")\n[Category:Moana Pasifika players](/wiki/Category:Moana_Pasifika_players \"Moana Pasifika players\")\n[Category:Bristol Bears players](/wiki/Category:Bristol_Bears_players \"Bristol Bears players\")\n[Category:Ospreys (rugby union) players](/wiki/Category:Ospreys_%28rugby_union%29_players \"Ospreys (rugby union) players\")\n[Category:Bay of Plenty rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Bay_of_Plenty_rugby_union_players \"Bay of Plenty rugby union players\")\n[Category:Auckland rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Auckland_rugby_union_players \"Auckland rugby union players\")\n[Category:Blues (Super Rugby) players](/wiki/Category:Blues_%28Super_Rugby%29_players \"Blues (Super Rugby) players\")\n[Category:2019 Rugby World Cup players](/wiki/Category:2019_Rugby_World_Cup_players \"2019 Rugby World Cup players\")\n[Category:2023 Rugby World Cup players](/wiki/Category:2023_Rugby_World_Cup_players \"2023 Rugby World Cup players\")\n[Category:Samoan expatriate rugby union players in England](/wiki/Category:Samoan_expatriate_rugby_union_players_in_England \"Samoan expatriate rugby union players in England\")\n[Category:People educated at King's College, Auckland](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_King%27s_College%2C_Auckland \"People educated at King's College, Auckland\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Steve Bovay
|
{
"id": [
45461814
],
"name": [
"The Sky Bot"
]
}
|
6eb6fvow3m72htxvp9y4cynk7uykgxw
|
2024-01-26T22:04:54Z
| 1,089,638,740 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Major results",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Steve Bovay** (born 25 November 1984\\) is a Swiss former cyclist.\n\n",
"Major results\n-------------\n\n2004\n3rd [Road race](/wiki/Swiss_National_Road_Race_Championships \"Swiss National Road Race Championships\"), National Under\\-23 Road Championships\n2006\n6th Overall [GP Tell](/wiki/GP_Tell \"GP Tell\")\n2007\n5th [Tour du Jura](/wiki/Tour_du_Jura \"Tour du Jura\")\n2009\n9th Overall [Tour de Beauce](/wiki/Tour_de_Beauce \"Tour de Beauce\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1984 births](/wiki/Category:1984_births \"1984 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Swiss male cyclists](/wiki/Category:Swiss_male_cyclists \"Swiss male cyclists\")\n[Category:People from Vevey](/wiki/Category:People_from_Vevey \"People from Vevey\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from the canton of Vaud](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_the_canton_of_Vaud \"Sportspeople from the canton of Vaud\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
2018 European Throwing Cup
|
{
"id": [
3006008
],
"name": [
"Hugo999"
]
}
|
e2vpks8ryxjtr88mlepl02t1qyq2ys8
|
2021-04-05T04:19:05Z
| 1,003,640,779 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Medal summary",
"Senior",
"Under-23",
"Teams Standings",
"Senior",
"Under 23",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2018 [European Throwing Cup](/wiki/European_Throwing_Cup \"European Throwing Cup\")** is held on 10–11 March at the [Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa](/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Dr._Magalh%C3%A3es_Pessoa \"Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa\") and National Throwing\nCentre in [Leiria](/wiki/Leiria \"Leiria\"), [Portugal](/wiki/Portugal \"Portugal\"). It is the eighteenth edition of the [athletics](/wiki/Athletics_%28sport%29 \"Athletics (sport)\") competition for [throwing events](/wiki/Throwing_events \"Throwing events\") and was jointly organised by the [European Athletic Association](/wiki/European_Athletic_Association \"European Athletic Association\"). The competition featured men's and women's contests in [shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\"), [discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\"), [javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") and [hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\"). In addition to the senior competitions, there were also under\\-23 events for younger athletes.\n\n",
"Medal summary\n-------------\n\n### Senior\n\n| \\+Men |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 21\\.32 m | | 21\\.18 m | | 20\\.71 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 66\\.81 m | | 65\\.81 m | | 63\\.45 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 77\\.30 m | | 75\\.97 m | | 75\\.71 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 92\\.70 m | | 80\\.62 m | | 79\\.92 m |\n\n| \\+Women |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 19\\.12 m | | 18\\.47 m | | 18\\.45 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 60\\.42 m | | 60\\.39 m | | 59\\.59 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 72\\.62 m | | 71\\.20 m | | 69\\.54 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 62\\.42 m | | 60\\.02 m | | 59\\.80 m |\n\n### Under\\-23\n\n| \\+Under\\-23 men |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 19\\.61 m | | 19\\.17 m | | 19\\.08 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 63\\.24 m | | 58\\.66 m | | 57\\.73 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 74\\.83 m | | 71\\.16 m | | 70\\.61 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 80\\.73 m | | 80\\.26 m | | 74\\.55 m |\n\n| \\+Under\\-23 women |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 16\\.46 m | | 15\\.76 m | | 15\\.74 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 56\\.31 m | | 54\\.48 m | | 52\\.36 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 69\\.00 m | | 65\\.97 m | | 65\\.15 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 60\\.92 m | | 56\\.48 m | | 55\\.02 m |\n\n",
"### Senior\n\n| \\+Men |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 21\\.32 m | | 21\\.18 m | | 20\\.71 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 66\\.81 m | | 65\\.81 m | | 63\\.45 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 77\\.30 m | | 75\\.97 m | | 75\\.71 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 92\\.70 m | | 80\\.62 m | | 79\\.92 m |\n\n| \\+Women |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 19\\.12 m | | 18\\.47 m | | 18\\.45 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 60\\.42 m | | 60\\.39 m | | 59\\.59 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 72\\.62 m | | 71\\.20 m | | 69\\.54 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 62\\.42 m | | 60\\.02 m | | 59\\.80 m |\n\n",
"### Under\\-23\n\n| \\+Under\\-23 men |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 19\\.61 m | | 19\\.17 m | | 19\\.08 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 63\\.24 m | | 58\\.66 m | | 57\\.73 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 74\\.83 m | | 71\\.16 m | | 70\\.61 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 80\\.73 m | | 80\\.26 m | | 74\\.55 m |\n\n| \\+Under\\-23 women |\n| --- |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | 16\\.46 m | | 15\\.76 m | | 15\\.74 m |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | 56\\.31 m | | 54\\.48 m | | 52\\.36 m |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | 69\\.00 m | | 65\\.97 m | | 65\\.15 m |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | 60\\.92 m | | 56\\.48 m | | 55\\.02 m |\n\n",
"Teams Standings\n---------------\n\nFull results.\n\n### Senior\n\n|Men Women\n\n| |\n| Rank | Nation |Pts\n Rank | Nation | Pts |\n| 1st | 4,225 | 1st | 4,145 |\n| 2nd | 4,208 | 2nd | 3,955 |\n| 3rd | 4,175 | 3rd | 3,913 |\n| 4th | 4,120 | 4th | 3,899 |\n| 5th | 3,997 | 5th | 3,897 |\n| | | | 6th | 3,817 |\n| | | | 7th | 3,670 |\n\n### Under 23\n\n|Men Women\n\n| |\n| Rank | Nation |Pts\n Rank | Nation | Pts |\n| 1st | 3,990 | 1st | 3,613 |\n| 2nd | 3,929 | 2nd | 3,593 |\n| 3rd | 3,917 | 3rd | 3,546 |\n| 4th | 3,836 | 4th | 3,492 |\n| 5th | 3,809\n\n| 6th | 3,735\n\n| 7th | 3,728\n\n| 8th | 3,683\n\n",
"### Senior\n\n|Men Women\n\n| |\n| Rank | Nation |Pts\n Rank | Nation | Pts |\n| 1st | 4,225 | 1st | 4,145 |\n| 2nd | 4,208 | 2nd | 3,955 |\n| 3rd | 4,175 | 3rd | 3,913 |\n| 4th | 4,120 | 4th | 3,899 |\n| 5th | 3,997 | 5th | 3,897 |\n| | | | 6th | 3,817 |\n| | | | 7th | 3,670 |\n\n",
"### Under 23\n\n|Men Women\n\n| |\n| Rank | Nation |Pts\n Rank | Nation | Pts |\n| 1st | 3,990 | 1st | 3,613 |\n| 2nd | 3,929 | 2nd | 3,593 |\n| 3rd | 3,917 | 3rd | 3,546 |\n| 4th | 3,836 | 4th | 3,492 |\n| 5th | 3,809\n\n| 6th | 3,735\n\n| 7th | 3,728\n\n| 8th | 3,683\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](https://web.archive.org/web/20180825225554/https://leiria2018.com/)\n\n[Category:European Throwing Cup](/wiki/Category:European_Throwing_Cup \"European Throwing Cup\")\n[Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Portugal](/wiki/Category:International_athletics_competitions_hosted_by_Portugal \"International athletics competitions hosted by Portugal\")\n[European Cup Throwing](/wiki/Category:2018_in_athletics_%28track_and_field%29 \"2018 in athletics (track and field)\")\n[Throwing](/wiki/Category:2018_in_European_sport \"2018 in European sport\")\n[European Cup Throwing](/wiki/Category:2018_in_Portuguese_sport \"2018 in Portuguese sport\")\n[European Cup Throwing](/wiki/Category:March_2018_sports_events_in_Portugal \"March 2018 sports events in Portugal\")\n\n"
]
}
|
USS Charles H. Roan
|
{
"id": [
609285
],
"name": [
"Derekbridges"
]
}
|
kap336cupbujfaqh8rb7rdldreyk11p
|
2021-09-14T16:50:54Z
| 832,773,007 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"\n**USS *Charles H. Roan***, named after [Charles H. Roan](/wiki/Charles_H._Roan \"Charles H. Roan\"), a US Marine, may refer to:\n\n* , a *Gearing*\\-class destroyer.\n* , a cancelled *Gearing*\\-class destroyer.\n\n[Category:United States Navy ship names](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_ship_names \"United States Navy ship names\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Marko Milačić
|
{
"id": [
2766075
],
"name": [
"Largoplazo"
]
}
|
st8yc8p0zzttkibhtb0gej999gg7nsd
|
2024-09-01T22:24:43Z
| 1,241,878,794 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Political career",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Marko Milačić** (; born 22 May 1985\\) is a Montenegrin politician. He is the founder and current president of minor right\\-wing populist political party [True Montenegro](/wiki/True_Montenegro \"True Montenegro\"). He ran for [president of Montenegro](/wiki/President_of_Montenegro \"President of Montenegro\") in the [2018 election](/wiki/Montenegrin_presidential_election%2C_2018 \"Montenegrin presidential election, 2018\"), and received 2\\.8% of the popular vote.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nMilačić completed elementary and [secondary school](/wiki/Gymnasium_%22Slobodan_%C5%A0kerovi%C4%87%22 \"Gymnasium \") in [Podgorica](/wiki/Podgorica \"Podgorica\"), graduated and obtained a master's degree in journalism at the [Faculty of Political Sciences](/wiki/University_of_Montenegro_Faculty_of_Political_Sciences \"University of Montenegro Faculty of Political Sciences\") of the [University of Montenegro](/wiki/University_of_Montenegro \"University of Montenegro\"). He is fluent in [Serbian](/wiki/Serbian_language \"Serbian language\") and [English](/wiki/English_language \"English language\").[Marko Milačić](http://mnmne.org/index.php/biomarko/), NGO “Movement for Neutrality of Montenegro“ Milačić worked for the [Montenegrin national public service](/wiki/RTCG \"RTCG\") (RTCG) as a reporter and news presenter for several years.\n\n",
"Political career\n----------------\n\nIn 2014, Milačić became one of the founders of the [non\\-governmental organization](/wiki/Non-governmental_organization \"Non-governmental organization\") Movement for Neutrality of Montenegro.[MISSION STATEMENT](http://mnmne.org/index.php/about-mnmne/), NGO “Movement for Neutrality of Montenegro“\n\nThrough the years he maintained cooperation with a number of populist politicians and activists, such as Croatian [Human Shield](/wiki/Human_Shield_%28political_party%29 \"Human Shield (political party)\") founders [Ivan Pernar](/wiki/Ivan_Pernar_%28politician%2C_born_1985%29 \"Ivan Pernar (politician, born 1985)\") and [Ivan Vilibor Sinčić](/wiki/Ivan_Vilibor_Sin%C4%8Di%C4%87 \"Ivan Vilibor Sinčić\"), Bosnian conceptual artist [Damir Nikšić](/wiki/Damir_Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87 \"Damir Nikšić\") and Serbian\\-Canadian film director and right\\-wing political activist [Boris Malagurski](/wiki/Boris_Malagurski \"Boris Malagurski\").\n\nHe decided to enter political life in 2016 by joining the newly founded [Mladen Bojanić](/wiki/Mladen_Bojani%C4%87 \"Mladen Bojanić\")'s *Resistance to Hopelessness* (OB), an anti\\-establishment and anti\\-[NATO](/wiki/NATO \"NATO\") political movement, and become member of [Democratic Front](/wiki/Democratic_Front_%28Montenegro%29 \"Democratic Front (Montenegro)\") (DF) electoral list for [2016 parliamentary election](/wiki/Montenegrin_parliamentary_election%2C_2016 \"Montenegrin parliamentary election, 2016\"), but failed to enter the Parliament. After Bojanić's abandonment of OB in 2017, Milačić became de facto leader of movement. In February 2018, he established the populist political party [True Montenegro](/wiki/True_Montenegro \"True Montenegro\") and ran as the party's candidate for President of Montenegro in the [April 2018 elections](/wiki/Montenegrin_presidential_election%2C_2018 \"Montenegrin presidential election, 2018\"); he received 2\\.8% of the votes.[Milačić kandidat za predsjednika Crne Gore](http://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/milacic-kandidat-za-predsjednika-crne-gore-978350), Vijesti\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Montenegrin presidential election, 2018](/wiki/2018_Montenegrin_presidential_election \"2018 Montenegrin presidential election\")\n* [Montenegrin parliamentary election, 2020](/wiki/2020_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election \"2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1985 births](/wiki/Category:1985_births \"1985 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Politicians from Podgorica](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Podgorica \"Politicians from Podgorica\")\n[Category:Serbs of Montenegro](/wiki/Category:Serbs_of_Montenegro \"Serbs of Montenegro\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Shooting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's skeet
|
{
"id": [
7098284
],
"name": [
"Tassedethe"
]
}
|
e0iw6pvk8k1swbv98vksebh09xam25d
|
2023-08-19T21:16:57Z
| 1,136,383,661 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Qualification",
"Final",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Men's Skeet** event at the [2018 Commonwealth Games](/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games \"2018 Commonwealth Games\") was held on 8–9 April at the [Belmont Shooting Centre](/wiki/Belmont_Shooting_Centre \"Belmont Shooting Centre\"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"). The winner was [Cyprus](/wiki/Cyprus \"Cyprus\")' Georgios Achellios.\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n### Qualification\n\n| Rank | Name | 1 | 2 | ex 50 (Day 1\\) | 3 | ex 75 | 4 | ex 100 | 5 | Total | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 |\n\n 24 |\n 25 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 24 |\n **98** |\n 25 |\n **123** |\n **Q, \\=GR** ||\n\n 2 |\n\n 24 |\n 25 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 25 |\n **99** |\n 23 |\n **122** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+4 ||\n\n 3 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 24 |\n **98** |\n 24 |\n **122** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+3 ||\n\n 4 |\n\n 22 |\n 25 |\n **47** |\n 25 |\n **72** |\n 24 |\n **96** |\n 23 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+8 ||\n\n 5 |\n\n 23 |\n 21 |\n **44** |\n 25 |\n **69** |\n 25 |\n **94** |\n 25 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+7 ||\n\n 6 |\n\n 21 |\n 25 |\n **46** |\n 25 |\n **71** |\n 24 |\n **95** |\n 24 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+1 || 7 |\n\n 23 |\n 24 |\n **47** |\n 24 |\n **71** |\n 23 |\n **94** |\n 24 |\n **118** |\n |\n| 8 |\n\n 23 |\n 25 |\n **48** |\n 24 |\n **72** |\n 23 |\n **95** |\n 23 |\n **118** |\n |\n| 9 |\n\n 23 |\n 24 |\n **47** |\n 23 |\n **70** |\n 23 |\n **93** |\n 24 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 10 |\n\n 25 |\n 23 |\n **48** |\n 22 |\n **70** |\n 23 |\n **93** |\n 24 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 11 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 23 |\n **72** |\n 23 |\n **95** |\n 22 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 12 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 19 |\n **93** |\n 23 |\n **116** |\n |\n| 13 |\n\n 22 |\n 23 |\n **45** |\n 24 |\n **69** |\n 25 |\n **94** |\n 22 |\n **116** |\n |\n| 14 |\n\n 16 |\n 19 |\n **35** |\n 16 |\n **51** |\n 18 |\n **69** |\n 22 |\n **91** |\n |\n| 15 |\n\n 21 |\n 12 |\n **33** |\n 18 |\n **51** |\n 18 |\n **69** |\n 17 |\n **86** |\n |\n\n### Final\n\n| Rank | Name | Stage 1 \\& ex 20 | Stage 2 | ex 30 | Stage 3 | ex 40 | Stage 4 | ex 50 | Stage 5 | ex 60 | Final Score | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| |\n\n 19 |\n 10 |\n 29 |\n 10 |\n 39 |\n 9 |\n 48 |\n 9 |\n 57 |\n **57ex60** |\n **GR** |\n| |\n\n 20 |\n 10 |\n 30 |\n 8 |\n 38 |\n 10 |\n 48 |\n 8 |\n 56 |\n **56ex60** |\n |\n| |\n\n 20 |\n 9 |\n 29 |\n 8 |\n 37 |\n 8 |\n 45 |\n |\n |\n **45ex50** |\n |\n| 4 |\n\n 18 |\n 10 |\n 28 |\n 9 |\n 37 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **37ex40** |\n |\n| 5 |\n\n 17 |\n 9 |\n 26 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **26ex30** |\n |\n| 6 |\n\n 15 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **15ex20** |\n |\n\n",
"### Qualification\n\n| Rank | Name | 1 | 2 | ex 50 (Day 1\\) | 3 | ex 75 | 4 | ex 100 | 5 | Total | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 |\n\n 24 |\n 25 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 24 |\n **98** |\n 25 |\n **123** |\n **Q, \\=GR** ||\n\n 2 |\n\n 24 |\n 25 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 25 |\n **99** |\n 23 |\n **122** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+4 ||\n\n 3 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 24 |\n **98** |\n 24 |\n **122** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+3 ||\n\n 4 |\n\n 22 |\n 25 |\n **47** |\n 25 |\n **72** |\n 24 |\n **96** |\n 23 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+8 ||\n\n 5 |\n\n 23 |\n 21 |\n **44** |\n 25 |\n **69** |\n 25 |\n **94** |\n 25 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+7 ||\n\n 6 |\n\n 21 |\n 25 |\n **46** |\n 25 |\n **71** |\n 24 |\n **95** |\n 24 |\n **119** |\n **Q** QS\\-off:\\+1 || 7 |\n\n 23 |\n 24 |\n **47** |\n 24 |\n **71** |\n 23 |\n **94** |\n 24 |\n **118** |\n |\n| 8 |\n\n 23 |\n 25 |\n **48** |\n 24 |\n **72** |\n 23 |\n **95** |\n 23 |\n **118** |\n |\n| 9 |\n\n 23 |\n 24 |\n **47** |\n 23 |\n **70** |\n 23 |\n **93** |\n 24 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 10 |\n\n 25 |\n 23 |\n **48** |\n 22 |\n **70** |\n 23 |\n **93** |\n 24 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 11 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 23 |\n **72** |\n 23 |\n **95** |\n 22 |\n **117** |\n |\n| 12 |\n\n 25 |\n 24 |\n **49** |\n 25 |\n **74** |\n 19 |\n **93** |\n 23 |\n **116** |\n |\n| 13 |\n\n 22 |\n 23 |\n **45** |\n 24 |\n **69** |\n 25 |\n **94** |\n 22 |\n **116** |\n |\n| 14 |\n\n 16 |\n 19 |\n **35** |\n 16 |\n **51** |\n 18 |\n **69** |\n 22 |\n **91** |\n |\n| 15 |\n\n 21 |\n 12 |\n **33** |\n 18 |\n **51** |\n 18 |\n **69** |\n 17 |\n **86** |\n |\n\n",
"### Final\n\n| Rank | Name | Stage 1 \\& ex 20 | Stage 2 | ex 30 | Stage 3 | ex 40 | Stage 4 | ex 50 | Stage 5 | ex 60 | Final Score | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| |\n\n 19 |\n 10 |\n 29 |\n 10 |\n 39 |\n 9 |\n 48 |\n 9 |\n 57 |\n **57ex60** |\n **GR** |\n| |\n\n 20 |\n 10 |\n 30 |\n 8 |\n 38 |\n 10 |\n 48 |\n 8 |\n 56 |\n **56ex60** |\n |\n| |\n\n 20 |\n 9 |\n 29 |\n 8 |\n 37 |\n 8 |\n 45 |\n |\n |\n **45ex50** |\n |\n| 4 |\n\n 18 |\n 10 |\n 28 |\n 9 |\n 37 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **37ex40** |\n |\n| 5 |\n\n 17 |\n 9 |\n 26 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **26ex30** |\n |\n| 6 |\n\n 15 |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **15ex20** |\n |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Mens skeet](/wiki/Category:Shooting_at_the_2018_Commonwealth_Games \"Shooting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Maximiliano Jones (bobsleigh)
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
4yy7w3r2kjuzj908c6ma69rxri9vcnr
|
2024-07-31T10:49:05Z
| 1,156,503,494 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Maximiliano Jones** (born 17 June 1944\\) is a Spanish [bobsledder](/wiki/Bobsleigh \"Bobsleigh\"). He competed in the [two\\-man](/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1968_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Two-man \"Bobsleigh at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Two-man\") and the [four\\-man](/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1968_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Four-man \"Bobsleigh at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Four-man\") events at the [1968 Winter Olympics](/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics \"1968 Winter Olympics\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1944 births](/wiki/Category:1944_births \"1944 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Malabo](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Malabo \"Sportspeople from Malabo\")\n[Category:Spanish male bobsledders](/wiki/Category:Spanish_male_bobsledders \"Spanish male bobsledders\")\n[Category:Olympic bobsledders for Spain](/wiki/Category:Olympic_bobsledders_for_Spain \"Olympic bobsledders for Spain\")\n[Category:Bobsledders at the 1968 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Bobsledders_at_the_1968_Winter_Olympics \"Bobsledders at the 1968 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:Spanish sportspeople of Equatoguinean descent](/wiki/Category:Spanish_sportspeople_of_Equatoguinean_descent \"Spanish sportspeople of Equatoguinean descent\")\n[Category:People of Liberated African descent](/wiki/Category:People_of_Liberated_African_descent \"People of Liberated African descent\")\n[Category:21st\\-century African\\-American sportspeople](/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_sportspeople \"21st-century African-American sportspeople\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2019 European Parliament election in Romania
|
{
"id": [
36742351
],
"name": [
"Cilidus"
]
}
|
gtnsmmp4ov3jq6onfn0ej3oz74v7c4g
|
2024-09-14T11:13:43Z
| 1,244,211,660 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Social Democratic Party (PSD)",
"National Liberal Party (PNL)",
"Democratic Liberal Party (PDL)",
"People's Movement Party (PMP)",
"Conservative Party (PC)",
"National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR)",
"Opinion polls",
"Candidates and Elected MEPs",
"National Liberal Party (PNL)",
"Social Democratic Party (PSD)",
"2020 USR-PLUS Alliance (USR PLUS)",
"PRO Romania (PRO)",
"Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ)",
"People's Movement Party (PMP)",
"Parties and candidates that did not pass the threshold",
"Rejected candidates and lists",
"Results",
"MEP's gender balance",
"Gallery",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nEuropean Parliament elections were held in [Romania](/wiki/Romania_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Romania (European Parliament constituency)\") on 26 May 2019\\.\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\n### Social Democratic Party (PSD)\n\nIn April 2019, the [Party of European Socialists](/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists \"Party of European Socialists\") (PES) announced on Wednesday that it would freeze relations with the [Social Democrats](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") (PSD) at least until June, citing concerns about the rule of law in the country. Since then the (PSD) moved further to [Euroscepticism](/wiki/Euroscepticism \"Euroscepticism\"). [Victor Ponta](/wiki/Victor_Ponta \"Victor Ponta\"), who was expelled from the PSD in 2017, said \"The PSD unfortunately has turned to a very [populist](/wiki/Populist \"Populist\"), very [nationalistic](/wiki/Nationalistic \"Nationalistic\"), demagogic party,\" he said.\n\n### National Liberal Party (PNL)\n\nThree days after the [2014 election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"), on 28 May 2014, [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Crin Antonescu](/wiki/Crin_Antonescu \"Crin Antonescu\") announced that the party would change European affiliation from [ALDE](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe\") to [EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), and it has started negotiations for the merger with the [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\"). The newly created party would still be called [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"), and be a member of the [EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"). [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\") later that day confirmed the merger of the two parties. MEP [Norica Nicolai](/wiki/Norica_Nicolai \"Norica Nicolai\"), first candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list refused to join the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\"), and continued to stay a member of the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). After the [2014 presidential election](/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election \"2014 Romanian presidential election\"), MEP [Renate Weber](/wiki/Renate_Weber \"Renate Weber\"), second candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list, resigned the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\"), and joined the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). After the completion of the merger of the two parties, the two MEPs were given an ultimatum to join the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\") or face party exclusion. They failed to fulfill the request and thus were expelled from the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"), and currently stand with the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). Later, MEP [Norica Nicolai](/wiki/Norica_Nicolai \"Norica Nicolai\") joined the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\").\n\nIn late August 2017, MEP [Ramona Mănescu](/wiki/Ramona_M%C4%83nescu \"Ramona Mănescu\"), third candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list, resigned the party, but continued to stand with the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\").\n\nIn May 2018, [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") [MEP](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\") [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), spokesman of the [European People's Party](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), announced he is leaving the party to join the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\").\n\nJournalist [Rareș Bogdan](/wiki/Rare%C8%99_Bogdan \"Rareș Bogdan\"), formerly a staunch opponent to the liberals, was officially nominated as head of the [PNL](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list for the European Parliament elections, which also contains, among others, former co\\-president of [PNL](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\"), MEPs [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), [Adina Vălean](/wiki/Adina-Ioana_V%C4%83lean \"Adina-Ioana Vălean\"), [Daniel Buda](/wiki/Daniel_Buda \"Daniel Buda\"), [Cristian Bușoi](/wiki/Cristian_Bu%C8%99oi \"Cristian Bușoi\"), [Marian\\-Jean Marinescu](/wiki/Marian-Jean_Marinescu \"Marian-Jean Marinescu\") and [Mihai Țurcanu](/wiki/Mihai_%C8%9Aurcanu \"Mihai Țurcanu\"), and mayors [Mircea Hava](/wiki/Mircea_Hava \"Mircea Hava\") and [Gheorghe Falcă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Falc%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Falcă\").\n\n### Democratic Liberal Party (PDL)\n\nThree days after the [2014 election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"), on 28 May 2014, [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\") confirmed the announcement made by [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Crin Antonescu](/wiki/Crin_Antonescu \"Crin Antonescu\"), that the two parties were to merge into a new party, that would retain the name of the latter and international affiliation of the former. To express discontent with this decision, and the lack of a PDL candidate to the presidential election, MEP [Monica Macovei](/wiki/Monica_Macovei \"Monica Macovei\"), second candidate on the [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") list resigned the party in September 2014, and competed in the [2014 presidential election](/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election \"2014 Romanian presidential election\") as an independent. Following the presidential election, she joined, as an independent politician, the [European Conservatives and Reformists](/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group \"European Conservatives and Reformists Group\").\n\n### People's Movement Party (PMP)\n\nIn September 2014, following some declarations, [Cristian Preda](/wiki/Cristian_Preda \"Cristian Preda\"), first candidate on the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") list, was expelled from the party. He continued to stand in the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\").\n\nIn 2016, the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") merged with (absorbed) the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\"), but the later's MEPs did not join the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\").\n\nIn May 2018, [MEP](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\") [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), spokesman of the [European People's Party](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), announced he is leaving the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"), to join the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"). As a result, the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") lost both its [MEPs](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\").\n\n### Conservative Party (PC)\n\nThe [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") ran with the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") on a common list headed by the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") at the [previous election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"). This electoral alliance was supposed to be called \"Social Democratic Union\" (\"Uniunea Social Democrată\"), but, due to the Romanian legislation (this name was taken by a 1990s alliance between the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Party (Romania)\") and [Romanian Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_%281990%E2%80%932001%29 \"Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)\")), they ran as \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\". In 2015, the party merged with the [Liberal Reformist Party](/wiki/Liberal_Reformist_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Liberal Reformist Party (Romania)\"), to form the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") Members displeased with this decision, headed by MEP [Maria Grapini](/wiki/Maria_Grapini \"Maria Grapini\") (first [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") candidate, and fifth on the PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC list), founded a new party, [Humanist Power Party (Social\\-Liberal)](/wiki/Humanist_Power_Party_%28Social-Liberal%29 \"Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal)\") (). She continues to stand with the [Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats](/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats \"Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats\"), as a member of PPU\\-SL. [Laurențiu Rebega](/wiki/Lauren%C8%9Biu_Rebega \"Laurențiu Rebega\"), second [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") candidate and fourteenth on the PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC list, sat as an [independent politician](/wiki/Independent_politician \"Independent politician\") in the [Non\\-Inscrits](/wiki/Non-Inscrits \"Non-Inscrits\") group, before joining [PRO Romania](/wiki/PRO_Romania \"PRO Romania\") and the [ECR](/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group \"European Conservatives and Reformists Group\").\n\n### National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR)\n\nThe [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") ran with the [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") on a common list headed by the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") at the [previous election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"). This electoral alliance was supposed to be called \"Social Democratic Union\" (\"Uniunea Social Democrată\"), but, due to the Romanian legislation (this name was taken by a 1990s alliance between the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Party (Romania)\") and [Romanian Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_%281990%E2%80%932001%29 \"Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)\")), they ran as \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\". In 2016, the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") merged with (was absorbed by) the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"), but the former's MEPs did not join the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"). Both its two candidates continue to stand with the [Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats](/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats \"Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats\"): [Damian Drăghici](/wiki/Damian_Dr%C4%83ghici \"Damian Drăghici\") (first [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") candidate and sixth on the \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\" list) as an independent member, and [Doru Frunzulică](/wiki/Doru_Frunzulic%C4%83 \"Doru Frunzulică\") (second [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") candidate and thirteenth on the \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\" list) joined the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\").\n\n",
"### Social Democratic Party (PSD)\n\nIn April 2019, the [Party of European Socialists](/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists \"Party of European Socialists\") (PES) announced on Wednesday that it would freeze relations with the [Social Democrats](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") (PSD) at least until June, citing concerns about the rule of law in the country. Since then the (PSD) moved further to [Euroscepticism](/wiki/Euroscepticism \"Euroscepticism\"). [Victor Ponta](/wiki/Victor_Ponta \"Victor Ponta\"), who was expelled from the PSD in 2017, said \"The PSD unfortunately has turned to a very [populist](/wiki/Populist \"Populist\"), very [nationalistic](/wiki/Nationalistic \"Nationalistic\"), demagogic party,\" he said.\n\n",
"### National Liberal Party (PNL)\n\nThree days after the [2014 election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"), on 28 May 2014, [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Crin Antonescu](/wiki/Crin_Antonescu \"Crin Antonescu\") announced that the party would change European affiliation from [ALDE](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe\") to [EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), and it has started negotiations for the merger with the [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\"). The newly created party would still be called [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"), and be a member of the [EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"). [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\") later that day confirmed the merger of the two parties. MEP [Norica Nicolai](/wiki/Norica_Nicolai \"Norica Nicolai\"), first candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list refused to join the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\"), and continued to stay a member of the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). After the [2014 presidential election](/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election \"2014 Romanian presidential election\"), MEP [Renate Weber](/wiki/Renate_Weber \"Renate Weber\"), second candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list, resigned the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\"), and joined the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). After the completion of the merger of the two parties, the two MEPs were given an ultimatum to join the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\") or face party exclusion. They failed to fulfill the request and thus were expelled from the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"), and currently stand with the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group\"). Later, MEP [Norica Nicolai](/wiki/Norica_Nicolai \"Norica Nicolai\") joined the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\").\n\nIn late August 2017, MEP [Ramona Mănescu](/wiki/Ramona_M%C4%83nescu \"Ramona Mănescu\"), third candidate on the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list, resigned the party, but continued to stand with the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\").\n\nIn May 2018, [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") [MEP](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\") [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), spokesman of the [European People's Party](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), announced he is leaving the party to join the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\").\n\nJournalist [Rareș Bogdan](/wiki/Rare%C8%99_Bogdan \"Rareș Bogdan\"), formerly a staunch opponent to the liberals, was officially nominated as head of the [PNL](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") list for the European Parliament elections, which also contains, among others, former co\\-president of [PNL](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\"), MEPs [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), [Adina Vălean](/wiki/Adina-Ioana_V%C4%83lean \"Adina-Ioana Vălean\"), [Daniel Buda](/wiki/Daniel_Buda \"Daniel Buda\"), [Cristian Bușoi](/wiki/Cristian_Bu%C8%99oi \"Cristian Bușoi\"), [Marian\\-Jean Marinescu](/wiki/Marian-Jean_Marinescu \"Marian-Jean Marinescu\") and [Mihai Țurcanu](/wiki/Mihai_%C8%9Aurcanu \"Mihai Țurcanu\"), and mayors [Mircea Hava](/wiki/Mircea_Hava \"Mircea Hava\") and [Gheorghe Falcă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Falc%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Falcă\").\n\n",
"### Democratic Liberal Party (PDL)\n\nThree days after the [2014 election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"), on 28 May 2014, [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\") confirmed the announcement made by [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\") president [Crin Antonescu](/wiki/Crin_Antonescu \"Crin Antonescu\"), that the two parties were to merge into a new party, that would retain the name of the latter and international affiliation of the former. To express discontent with this decision, and the lack of a PDL candidate to the presidential election, MEP [Monica Macovei](/wiki/Monica_Macovei \"Monica Macovei\"), second candidate on the [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") list resigned the party in September 2014, and competed in the [2014 presidential election](/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election \"2014 Romanian presidential election\") as an independent. Following the presidential election, she joined, as an independent politician, the [European Conservatives and Reformists](/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group \"European Conservatives and Reformists Group\").\n\n",
"### People's Movement Party (PMP)\n\nIn September 2014, following some declarations, [Cristian Preda](/wiki/Cristian_Preda \"Cristian Preda\"), first candidate on the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") list, was expelled from the party. He continued to stand in the [European People's Party group](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\").\n\nIn 2016, the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") merged with (absorbed) the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\"), but the later's MEPs did not join the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\").\n\nIn May 2018, [MEP](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\") [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\"), spokesman of the [European People's Party](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party \"European People's Party\"), announced he is leaving the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"), to join the [National Liberal Party](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\"). As a result, the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\") lost both its [MEPs](/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament \"Member of the European Parliament\").\n\n",
"### Conservative Party (PC)\n\nThe [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") ran with the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") on a common list headed by the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") at the [previous election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"). This electoral alliance was supposed to be called \"Social Democratic Union\" (\"Uniunea Social Democrată\"), but, due to the Romanian legislation (this name was taken by a 1990s alliance between the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Party (Romania)\") and [Romanian Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_%281990%E2%80%932001%29 \"Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)\")), they ran as \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\". In 2015, the party merged with the [Liberal Reformist Party](/wiki/Liberal_Reformist_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Liberal Reformist Party (Romania)\"), to form the [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") Members displeased with this decision, headed by MEP [Maria Grapini](/wiki/Maria_Grapini \"Maria Grapini\") (first [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") candidate, and fifth on the PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC list), founded a new party, [Humanist Power Party (Social\\-Liberal)](/wiki/Humanist_Power_Party_%28Social-Liberal%29 \"Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal)\") (). She continues to stand with the [Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats](/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats \"Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats\"), as a member of PPU\\-SL. [Laurențiu Rebega](/wiki/Lauren%C8%9Biu_Rebega \"Laurențiu Rebega\"), second [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") candidate and fourteenth on the PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC list, sat as an [independent politician](/wiki/Independent_politician \"Independent politician\") in the [Non\\-Inscrits](/wiki/Non-Inscrits \"Non-Inscrits\") group, before joining [PRO Romania](/wiki/PRO_Romania \"PRO Romania\") and the [ECR](/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group \"European Conservatives and Reformists Group\").\n\n",
"### National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR)\n\nThe [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") ran with the [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") on a common list headed by the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\") at the [previous election](/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania \"2014 European Parliament election in Romania\"). This electoral alliance was supposed to be called \"Social Democratic Union\" (\"Uniunea Social Democrată\"), but, due to the Romanian legislation (this name was taken by a 1990s alliance between the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Party (Romania)\") and [Romanian Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_%281990%E2%80%932001%29 \"Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)\")), they ran as \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\". In 2016, the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") merged with (was absorbed by) the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"), but the former's MEPs did not join the [People's Movement Party](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\"). Both its two candidates continue to stand with the [Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats](/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats \"Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats\"): [Damian Drăghici](/wiki/Damian_Dr%C4%83ghici \"Damian Drăghici\") (first [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") candidate and sixth on the \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\" list) as an independent member, and [Doru Frunzulică](/wiki/Doru_Frunzulic%C4%83 \"Doru Frunzulică\") (second [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") candidate and thirteenth on the \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC\" list) joined the [Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\").\n\n",
"Opinion polls\n-------------\n\n| Date | Polling Firm | [PSD](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Social Democratic Party (Romania)\")[S\\&D](/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats \"Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats\") | [ALDE](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") | [PRO](/wiki/PRO_Romania \"PRO Romania\")[EDP](/wiki/European_Democratic_Party \"European Democratic Party\") | [USR](/wiki/Save_Romania_Union \"Save Romania Union\") [ALDE](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party\") | [PLUS](/wiki/Freedom%2C_Unity_and_Solidarity_Party \"Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party\") \\- | [UDMR](/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania \"Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania\")[EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\") | [PNL](/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"National Liberal Party (Romania)\")[EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\") | [PMP](/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party \"People's Movement Party\")[EPP](/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group \"European People's Party group\") | Others | Lead |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| 2–20 May 2019 | [IMAS](https://www.g4media.ro/ultimul-sondaj-imas-inaintea-alegerilor-de-duminica-pnl-crete-la-285-psd-aduna-211-iar-usr-plus-196.html) | 21\\.1% | 9\\.8% | 9\\.9% |19\\.6%\n\n 3\\.8% |\n **28\\.5%** |\n 6\\.2% |\n 1\\.1% |\n 7\\.4% |\n| 14–19 May 2019 | [Novel Research](https://www.g4media.ro/surse-un-sondaj-novel-research-da-o-prezenta-probabila-de-41-la-europarlamentare-pnl-are-usor-avans-in-fata-psd.html) | 27\\.8% | 7\\.9% | 7\\.6% |14\\.8%\n\n 5% |\n **28\\.1%** |\n 6\\.7% |\n 2\\.1% |\n 0\\.3% |\n| 1–7 May 2019 | [BCS](https://bcs.com.ro/sondaj/sondaj-national-de-opinie-publica-1-7-mai-2019) | **31\\.5%** | 6\\.6% | 7\\.8% |14\\.5%\n\n 5\\.1% |\n 26\\.1% |\n 6\\.1% |\n 2\\.3% |\n 5\\.4% |\n| 12 April–3 May 2019 | [INSCOP](https://www.g4media.ro/barometrul-de-opinie-publica-al-academiei-romane-392-dintre-romani-ar-vota-la-europarlamentare-psd-si-pnl-la-egalitate-in-intentiile-de-vot-iohannis-pe-primul-loc-la-prezidentiale-urmat-de-t.html) | 25\\.5% | 9\\.2% | 9\\.1% |16\\.5%\n\n 4\\.8% |\n **27\\.6%** |\n 3\\.9% |\n 3\\.4% |\n 2\\.1% |\n| April 2019 | [PNL](https://www.aktual24.ro/rares-bogdan-anunta-noi-cifre-dezastruoase-pentru-psd-ultimul-sondaj-partidul-lui-dragnea-este-mult-in-spate-fata-de-pnl/) | 25% | | | | | | **27%** | | 16% | 2% |\n| April 2019 | [D\\&D Research](https://www.g4media.ro/sondaj-comandat-de-usr-plus-pnl-si-psd-sunt-aproape-la-egalitate-alianta-condusa-de-barna-si-ciolos-urmeaza-la-distanta-de-7-puncte-procentuale.html) | 29\\.3% | 6\\.7% | 4\\.6% | 22\\.3% | | 2\\.7% | **29\\.9%** | 3\\.7% | 0\\.9% | 0\\.9% |\n| 5–28 April 2019 | [CURS](https://adevarul.ro/news/politica/sondaj-curs-luna-aprilie-psd-preferat-32-cei-indicat-optiune-vot-europarlamentare-scor-pnl-alianta-2020-usr-plus-1_5ccdb0ec445219c57e3f1b02/index.html) | **32%** | 10% | 9% | 12% | | 5% | 25% | 5% | 2% | 7% |\n| 12–25 April 2019 | [IMAS](https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/psd-pe-locul-doi-in-sondaje-pentru-a-doua-luna-consecutiv-pnl-pe-primul-loc-1123844) | 21\\.7% | 12\\.2% | 11\\.7% |16\\.4%\n\n 5\\.6% |\n **25\\.6%** |\n 5\\.6% |\n 1\\.1% |\n 3\\.9% |\n| 18 March–3 April 2019 | [IMAS](https://www.aktual24.ro/sondaj-imas-crestere-semnificativa-a-pnl-se-consolideaza-pe-prima-pozitie-psd-prabusire-dramatica/) | 21\\.2% | 12\\.7% | 11\\.2% | 17\\.7% | | 5\\.1% | **25\\.2%** | 4\\.7% | 1\\.9% | 4\\.0% |\n| 15–20 March 2019 | [BCS](https://psnews.ro/sondaj-rares-bogdan-si-mircea-hava-primele-nume-in-topul-preferintelor-romanilor-la-alegerile-europarlamentare-272805/) | 26\\.5% | 8\\.1% | 10\\.2% | 10\\.8% | | 4\\.4% | **29\\.8%** | 6\\.2% | 4% | 3\\.3% |\n| 15–20 March 2019 | [BCS](https://www.aktual24.ro/sondaj-bcs-la-nivel-national-pnl-inregistreaza-o-crestere-spectaculoasa-psd-se-prabuseste-umilitor/) | 25\\.8% | 7\\.9% | 6\\.7% | 11\\.7% | | 4\\.6% | **31\\.5%** | 5\\.9% | 3\\.1% | 5\\.7% |\n| 5–13 March 2019 | [INSCOP](https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/sondaj-diferenta-de-mai-putin-de-un-procent-intre-psd-si-pnl-pentru-alegerile-europarlamentare-2019-1101375) | **26\\.9%** | 9\\.3% | 9\\.1% | 15\\.3% | | 5% | 26\\.3% | 4\\.4% | 3\\.7% | 0\\.6% |\n| February–March 2019 | [PNL](https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/un-sondaj-comandat-de-pnl-ii-pozitioneaza-pe-liberali-peste-psd-in-preferintele-alegatorilor-1097827) | 24\\.6% | 11\\.8% | 6\\.7% | 16% | | | **27\\.9%** | | 13% | 3\\.3% |\n| 13–28 February 2019 | [CURS](https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/sondaj-curs-psd-scade-dar-ar-castiga-alegerile-europarlamentare--214625.html) | **31%** | 12% | 10% | 13% | | 5% | 23% | 5% | 1% | 8% |\n| 1–21 February 2019 | [IMAS](https://adevarul.ro/news/politica/sondaj-psd-picat-25-pnl-ajuns-egalitate-psd-ponta-vine-tare-urma-crescut-alianta-usr-plus-1_5c77c938445219c57eb435ac/index.html) | **22\\.7%** | 12\\.5% | 13\\.4% | 17\\.9% | | 4\\.7% | 22\\.6% | 4\\.4% | 1\\.8% | 0\\.1% |\n| 21 January–6 February 2019 | [CURS](https://www.stiripesurse.ro/sondaj-curs---psd-continua-scaderea--alde-si-pro-romania-se-consolideaza--pnl-e-in-usoara-revenire--usr-si-plus-se-mentin_1324832.html) | **32%** | 9% | 9% | 8% | 5% | 5% | 22% | 5% | 5% | 10% |\n| 21 January–5 February 2019 | [INSCOP](https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-22969013-psd-pnl-umar-umar-cursa-pentru-europarlamentare-sondaj-inscop.htm) | **27\\.8%** | 9\\.2% | 6\\.6% | 10\\.0% | 7\\.0% | 5\\.1% | 26\\.7% | 4\\.4% | 3\\.2% | 1\\.1% |\n| 11–30 January 2019 | [IMAS](https://www.europafm.ro/sondaj-imas-cum-ar-vota-romanii-daca-duminica-ar-avea-loc-alegeri/) | **24\\.6%** | 12\\.9% | 9\\.0% | 13\\.1% | 7\\.3% | 5\\.6% | 23\\.3% | 2\\.5% | 1\\.6% | 1\\.3% |\n| 12–20 January 2019 | [BCS](https://www.stiripesurse.ro/sondaj-bcs-pnl-i-psd-sunt-la-egalitate-ponta-i-basescu-vin-tare-din-urma-i-intra-in-joc_1322166.html) | 23\\.0% | 8\\.1% | 10\\.7% | 6\\.5% | 8\\.1% | 4\\.8% | **23\\.7%** | 9\\.3% | 5\\.8% | 0\\.7% |\n| December 2018 | [PNL](https://www.gandul.info/politica/ludovic-orban-prezinta-date-sondaj-pnl-27-la-suta-psd-30-la-suta-17853642) | **30\\.2%** | 11\\.5% | 5\\.5% | 10\\.2% | 5% | 5\\.1% | 27\\.8% | 4\\.2% | 0\\.7% | 2\\.4% |\n| 24 November–9 December 2018 | [CURS](https://www.stiripesurse.ro/sondaj-curs-psd-avariat-serios-de-problemele-interne-iar-pnl-nu-reu-e-te-sa-i-revina-pro-romania-i-udmr-in-cre-tere-u-oara-usr-i-ciolo-nu-conving_1311425.html) | **33%** | 9% | 9% | 7% | 5% | 6% | 20% | 5% | 6% | 13% |\n| 26 October–12 November 2018 | [CURS](https://adevarul.ro/news/politica/sondaj-curs-obtine-psd-pnl-alegeri-1_5bf00762df52022f758d054c/index.html) | **38%** | 15% | 9% | 8% | 7% | | 15% | 3% | 5% | 23% |\n| 25 May 2014 | [Election results](http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/country-results-it-2014.html) | **37\\.6%** | – | – | – | – | 6\\.3% | 29\\.8% | 6\\.2% | 20\\.0% | 22\\.6% |\n|\n",
"Candidates and Elected MEPs\n---------------------------\n\nThe Central Electoral Bureau publishes the lists the latest in 24 hours after they have been registered by the parties.\n\n### National Liberal Party (PNL)\n\n1. [Rareș Bogdan](/wiki/Rare%C8%99_Bogdan \"Rareș Bogdan\")\n2. [Mircea Hava](/wiki/Mircea_Hava \"Mircea Hava\")\n3. [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\")\n4. [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\")\n5. [Adina Vălean](/wiki/Adina_V%C4%83lean \"Adina Vălean\")\n6. [Daniel Buda](/wiki/Daniel_Buda \"Daniel Buda\")\n7. [Dan Motreanu](/wiki/Dan_Motreanu \"Dan Motreanu\")\n8. [Gheorghe Falcă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Falc%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Falcă\")\n9. [Cristian Bușoi](/wiki/Cristian_Bu%C8%99oi \"Cristian Bușoi\")\n10. [Marian Jean Marinescu](/wiki/Marian_Jean_Marinescu \"Marian Jean Marinescu\")\n11. [Vlad Nistor](/wiki/Vlad_Nistor_%28politician%29 \"Vlad Nistor (politician)\")\n12. [Mihai Țurcanu](/wiki/Mihai_%C8%9Aurcanu \"Mihai Țurcanu\")\n13. [Violeta Alexandru](/wiki/Violeta_Alexandru \"Violeta Alexandru\")\n14. [Ligia Popescu](/wiki/Ligia_Popescu \"Ligia Popescu\")\n15. [Ana Dimitriu](/wiki/Ana_Dimitriu \"Ana Dimitriu\")\n16. [Mădălin Teodosescu](/wiki/M%C4%83d%C4%83lin_Teodosescu \"Mădălin Teodosescu\")\n17. [Alexandru Epure](/wiki/Alexandru_Epure \"Alexandru Epure\")\n18. [Ciprian Ciucu](/wiki/Ciprian_Ciucu \"Ciprian Ciucu\")\n19. [Aleodor Frâncu](/wiki/Aleodor_Fr%C3%A2ncu \"Aleodor Frâncu\")\n20. [Claudia Benchescu](/wiki/Claudia_Benchescu \"Claudia Benchescu\")\n21. [Adrian Dupu](/wiki/Adrian_Dupu \"Adrian Dupu\")\n22. [Dragoș Soare](/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Soare \"Dragoș Soare\")\n23. [Ionel Palăr](/wiki/Ionel_Pal%C4%83r \"Ionel Palăr\")\n24. [Tudor Polak](/wiki/Tudor_Polak \"Tudor Polak\")\n25. [Emanuel Soare](/wiki/Emanuel_Soare \"Emanuel Soare\")\n26. [Marius Minea](/wiki/Marius_Minea \"Marius Minea\")\n27. [Alexandru Șerban](/wiki/Alexandru_%C8%98erban \"Alexandru Șerban\")\n28. [Claudiu Chira](/wiki/Claudiu_Chira \"Claudiu Chira\")\n29. [Alexandru Salup\\-Rusu](/wiki/Alexandru_Salup-Rusu \"Alexandru Salup-Rusu\")\n30. [Ilie Cotinescu](/wiki/Ilie_Cotinescu \"Ilie Cotinescu\")\n31. [Cosmina Neamțu](/wiki/Cosmina_Neam%C8%9Bu \"Cosmina Neamțu\")\n32. [Alexandru Părduț](/wiki/Alexandru_P%C4%83rdu%C8%9B \"Alexandru Părduț\")\n33. [Costel Stanca](/wiki/Costel_Stanca \"Costel Stanca\")\n34. [Gheorghe Firon](/wiki/Gheorghe_Firon \"Gheorghe Firon\")\n35. [Cristina Chivu](/wiki/Cristina_Chivu \"Cristina Chivu\")\n36. [Sorina Marin](/wiki/Sorina_Marin \"Sorina Marin\")\n37. [Daniel Grosu](/wiki/Daniel_Grosu \"Daniel Grosu\")\n38. [Alexandru Țoncu](/wiki/Alexandru_%C8%9Aoncu \"Alexandru Țoncu\")\n39. [Viorica Mihai](/wiki/Viorica_Mihai \"Viorica Mihai\")\n40. [Adrian Dabarac](/wiki/Adrian_Dabarac \"Adrian Dabarac\")\n41. [Larissa Bîrsan](/wiki/Larissa_B%C3%AErsan \"Larissa Bîrsan\")\n42. [Ioan Chirteș](/wiki/Ioan_Chirte%C8%99 \"Ioan Chirteș\")\n43. [Ion Vela](/wiki/Ion_Vela \"Ion Vela\")\n\n### Social Democratic Party (PSD)\n\n1. [Rovana Plumb](/wiki/Rovana_Plumb \"Rovana Plumb\")\n2. [Carmen Avram](/wiki/Carmen_Avram \"Carmen Avram\")\n3. [Claudiu Manda](/wiki/Claudiu_Manda \"Claudiu Manda\")\n4. [Cristian Terheș](/wiki/Cristian_Terhe%C8%99 \"Cristian Terheș\")\n5. [Dan Nica](/wiki/Dan_Nica \"Dan Nica\")\n6. [Maria Grapini](/wiki/Maria_Grapini \"Maria Grapini\")\n7. [Tudor Ciuhodaru](/wiki/Tudor_Ciuhodaru \"Tudor Ciuhodaru\")\n8. [Dragos Benea](/wiki/Dragos_Benea \"Dragos Benea\")\n9. [Victor Negrescu](/wiki/Victor_Negrescu \"Victor Negrescu\")\n10. [Andi Cristea](/wiki/Andi_Cristea \"Andi Cristea\")\n11. [Natalia Intotero](/wiki/Natalia_Intotero \"Natalia Intotero\")\n12. [Gabriela Zoană](/wiki/Gabriela_Zoan%C4%83 \"Gabriela Zoană\")\n13. [Bianca Gavriliţă](/wiki/Bianca_Gavrili%C5%A3%C4%83 \"Bianca Gavriliţă\")\n14. [Emilian Pavel](/wiki/Emilian_Pavel \"Emilian Pavel\")\n15. [Doina Pană](/wiki/Doina_Pan%C4%83 \"Doina Pană\")\n16. [Crina\\-Fiorela Chilat](/wiki/Crina-Fiorela_Chilat \"Crina-Fiorela Chilat\")\n17. [Mariana Bălănică](/wiki/Mariana_B%C4%83l%C4%83nic%C4%83 \"Mariana Bălănică\")\n18. [Răzvan Popa](/wiki/R%C4%83zvan_Popa_%28politician%29 \"Răzvan Popa (politician)\")\n19. [Luminița Jivan](/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_Jivan \"Luminița Jivan\")\n20. [Alin Pavelescu](/wiki/Alin_Pavelescu \"Alin Pavelescu\")\n21. [Augustin Ioan](/wiki/Augustin_Ioan \"Augustin Ioan\")\n22. [Cătălin Grigore](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Grigore_%28politician%29 \"Cătălin Grigore (politician)\")\n23. [Roxana Pațurcă](/wiki/Roxana_Pa%C8%9Burc%C4%83 \"Roxana Pațurcă\")\n24. [Oana Florea](/wiki/Oana_Florea \"Oana Florea\")\n25. [Dragoș Cristian](/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Cristian \"Dragoș Cristian\")\n26. [Mihai Ion Macaveiu](/wiki/Mihai_Ion_Macaveiu \"Mihai Ion Macaveiu\")\n27. [Liviu Brăiloiu](/wiki/Liviu_Br%C4%83iloiu \"Liviu Brăiloiu\")\n28. [Florin Manole](/wiki/Florin_Manole \"Florin Manole\")\n29. [Ion Voinea](/wiki/Ion_Voinea \"Ion Voinea\")\n30. [Horia Grama](/wiki/Horia_Grama \"Horia Grama\")\n31. Alexandru Popa\n32. [Aida Căruceru](/wiki/Aida_C%C4%83ruceru \"Aida Căruceru\")\n33. [Gheorghe Tomoioagă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Tomoioag%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Tomoioagă\")\n34. [Anca Daniela Raiciu](/wiki/Anca_Daniela_Raiciu \"Anca Daniela Raiciu\")\n35. [Mitică Marius Mărgărit](/wiki/Mitic%C4%83_Marius_M%C4%83rg%C4%83rit \"Mitică Marius Mărgărit\")\n36. [Nasi Calențaru](/wiki/Nasi_Calen%C8%9Baru \"Nasi Calențaru\")\n37. [Cristina Tăteață](/wiki/Cristina_T%C4%83tea%C8%9B%C4%83 \"Cristina Tăteață\")\n38. [Petru Moț](/wiki/Petru_Mo%C8%9B \"Petru Moț\")\n39. [Luminița Țundrea](/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_%C8%9Aundrea \"Luminița Țundrea\")\n40. [Emanuel Iacob](/wiki/Emanuel_Iacob \"Emanuel Iacob\")\n41. [Cătălin Unciuleanu](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Unciuleanu \"Cătălin Unciuleanu\")\n42. [Gabriel Bogdan Răducan](/wiki/Gabriel_Bogdan_R%C4%83ducan \"Gabriel Bogdan Răducan\")\n43. [Andrei Sima](/wiki/Andrei_Sima \"Andrei Sima\")\n\n### 2020 USR\\-PLUS Alliance (USR PLUS)\n\n1. [Dacian Cioloș](/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99 \"Dacian Cioloș\") (PLUS)\n2. [Cristian Ghinea](/wiki/Cristian_Ghinea \"Cristian Ghinea\") (USR)\n3. [Dragos Nicolae Pîslaru](/wiki/Dragos_Nicolae_P%C3%AEslaru \"Dragos Nicolae Pîslaru\") (PLUS)\n4. [Clotilde Armand](/wiki/Clotilde_Armand \"Clotilde Armand\") (USR)\n5. [Ioan Dragoș Tudorache](/wiki/Ioan_Drago%C8%99_Tudorache \"Ioan Dragoș Tudorache\") (PLUS)\n6. [Nicolae Ștefănuță](/wiki/Nicolae_%C8%98tef%C4%83nu%C8%9B%C4%83 \"Nicolae Ștefănuță\") (USR)\n7. [Vlad Botoș](/wiki/Vlad_Boto%C8%99 \"Vlad Botoș\") (USR)\n8. [Ramona Victoria Strugariu](/wiki/Ramona_Victoria_Strugariu \"Ramona Victoria Strugariu\") (PLUS)\n9. [Vlad Gheorghe](/wiki/Vlad_Gheorghe \"Vlad Gheorghe\") (USR)\n10. [Alin Cristian Mituța](/wiki/Alin_Cristian_Mitu%C8%9Ba \"Alin Cristian Mituța\") (PLUS)\n11. [Naomi Reniuț Ursoiu](/wiki/Naomi_Reniu%C8%9B_Ursoiu \"Naomi Reniuț Ursoiu\") (USR)\n12. [Oana Țoiu](/wiki/Oana_%C8%9Aoiu \"Oana Țoiu\") (PLUS)\n13. [Radu Ghelmez](/wiki/Radu_Ghelmez \"Radu Ghelmez\") (USR)\n14. [Liviu Iolu](/wiki/Liviu_Iolu \"Liviu Iolu\") (PLUS)\n15. [Radu Mihaiu](/wiki/Radu_Mihaiu \"Radu Mihaiu\") (USR)\n16. [Iulian Lorincz](/wiki/Iulian_Lorincz \"Iulian Lorincz\") (USR)\n17. [Adriana Cristian](/wiki/Adriana_Cristian \"Adriana Cristian\") (USR)\n18. [Camelia Crișan](/wiki/Camelia_Cri%C8%99an \"Camelia Crișan\") (USR)\n19. [Anca Majaru](/wiki/Anca_Majaru \"Anca Majaru\") (PLUS)\n20. [George Țăranu](/wiki/George_%C8%9A%C4%83ranu \"George Țăranu\") (USR)\n21. [Bogdan Deleanu](/wiki/Bogdan_Deleanu \"Bogdan Deleanu\") (PLUS)\n22. [Ștefan Pălărie](/wiki/%C8%98tefan_P%C4%83l%C4%83rie \"Ștefan Pălărie\") (PLUS)\n23. [Silviu Gurlui](/wiki/Silviu_Gurlui \"Silviu Gurlui\") (USR)\n24. [Alexandru Grigorescu Negri](/wiki/Alexandru_Grigorescu_Negri \"Alexandru Grigorescu Negri\") (PLUS)\n25. [Teodora Stoian](/wiki/Teodora_Stoian \"Teodora Stoian\") (USR)\n26. [George Gima](/wiki/George_Gima \"George Gima\") (PLUS)\n27. [Alexandru Vărzaru](/wiki/Alexandru_V%C4%83rzaru \"Alexandru Vărzaru\") (USR)\n28. [Raluca Amariei](/wiki/Raluca_Amariei \"Raluca Amariei\") (USR)\n29. [Anca Radu](/wiki/Anca_Radu \"Anca Radu\") (PLUS)\n30. [Miroslav Tașcu Stavre](/wiki/Miroslav_Ta%C8%99cu_Stavre \"Miroslav Tașcu Stavre\") (USR)\n31. [Gabriela Maria Mirescu Gruber](/wiki/Gabriela_Maria_Mirescu_Gruber \"Gabriela Maria Mirescu Gruber\") (PLUS)\n32. [Florin Andrei](/wiki/Florin_Andrei \"Florin Andrei\") (USR)\n33. [Cătălina\\-Teodora Sofron](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lina-Teodora_Sofron \"Cătălina-Teodora Sofron\") (PLUS)\n34. [Sorin Dan Clinci](/wiki/Sorin_Dan_Clinci \"Sorin Dan Clinci\") (PLUS)\n35. [Emanuel Stoica](/wiki/Emanuel_Stoica \"Emanuel Stoica\") (USR)\n36. [Iulian Crăciun](/wiki/Iulian_Cr%C4%83ciun \"Iulian Crăciun\") (PLUS)\n37. [Octavian Berceanu](/wiki/Octavian_Berceanu \"Octavian Berceanu\") (USR)\n38. [Daniela Șerban](/wiki/Daniela_%C8%98erban \"Daniela Șerban\") (PLUS)\n39. [Cristina Iurișniți](/wiki/Cristina_Iuri%C8%99ni%C8%9Bi \"Cristina Iurișniți\") (USR)\n40. [Elena Uram](/wiki/Elena_Uram \"Elena Uram\") (USR)\n\n### PRO Romania (PRO)\n\n1. [Victor Ponta](/wiki/Victor_Ponta \"Victor Ponta\")\n2. [Corina Crețu](/wiki/Corina_Cre%C8%9Bu \"Corina Crețu\")\n3. [Mihai Tudose](/wiki/Mihai_Tudose \"Mihai Tudose\")\n4. [Iurie Leancă](/wiki/Iurie_Leanc%C4%83 \"Iurie Leancă\")\n5. Geanina Puşcaşu\n6. Gabriela Podască\n7. Cristian Cosmin\n8. [Ioana Petrescu](/wiki/Ioana_Petrescu \"Ioana Petrescu\")\n9. [Mihai Sturzu](/wiki/Mihai_Sturzu \"Mihai Sturzu\")\n10. Ionela Danciu\n\n### Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ)\n\n1. [Iuliu Winkler](/wiki/Iuliu_Winkler \"Iuliu Winkler\")\n2. [Loránt Vincze](/wiki/Lor%C3%A1nt_Vincze \"Loránt Vincze\")\n3. [Csilla Hegedüs](/wiki/Csilla_Heged%C3%BCs \"Csilla Hegedüs\")\n4. [Csongor Oltean](/wiki/Csongor_Oltean_%28politician%29 \"Csongor Oltean (politician)\")\n5. [Csaba Sógor](/wiki/Csaba_S%C3%B3gor \"Csaba Sógor\")\n6. [Irénke Kovács](/wiki/Ir%C3%A9nke_Kov%C3%A1cs \"Irénke Kovács\")\n7. [Attila Cseke](/wiki/Attila_Cseke \"Attila Cseke\")\n8. [Erika Benkő](/wiki/Erika_Benk%C5%91 \"Erika Benkő\")\n9. [Csaba Pataki](/wiki/Csaba_Pataki \"Csaba Pataki\")\n10. [Zsombor Ambrus](/wiki/Zsombor_Ambrus \"Zsombor Ambrus\")\n11. [Ildikó Szőcs](/wiki/Ildik%C3%B3_Sz%C5%91cs \"Ildikó Szőcs\")\n12. [Péter Faragó](/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Farag%C3%B3 \"Péter Faragó\")\n13. [Izabella Ambrus](/wiki/Izabella_Ambrus \"Izabella Ambrus\")\n14. [Mária Búzás\\-Fekete](/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_B%C3%BAz%C3%A1s-Fekete \"Mária Búzás-Fekete\")\n15. [Attila\\-Zoltán Csibi](/wiki/Attila-Zolt%C3%A1n_Csibi \"Attila-Zoltán Csibi\")\n16. [Márta Máté](/wiki/M%C3%A1rta_M%C3%A1t%C3%A9 \"Márta Máté\")\n17. [Gábor Kereskényi](/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Keresk%C3%A9nyi \"Gábor Kereskényi\")\n18. [Dalma Pető](/wiki/Dalma_Pet%C5%91 \"Dalma Pető\")\n19. [Róbert István Szilágyi](/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Istv%C3%A1n_Szil%C3%A1gyi \"Róbert István Szilágyi\")\n20. [Ildikó Tripon](/wiki/Ildik%C3%B3_Tripon \"Ildikó Tripon\")\n21. [Atilla Lehel Décsei](/wiki/Atilla_Lehel_D%C3%A9csei \"Atilla Lehel Décsei\")\n22. [Anna Bogya](/wiki/Anna_Bogya \"Anna Bogya\")\n23. [István\\-Balázs Birtalan](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n-Bal%C3%A1zs_Birtalan \"István-Balázs Birtalan\")\n24. [Vilmos Meleg](/wiki/Vilmos_Meleg \"Vilmos Meleg\")\n25. [Ida Marina](/wiki/Ida_Marina \"Ida Marina\")\n26. [Hunor Jenő András](/wiki/Hunor_Jen%C5%91_Andr%C3%A1s \"Hunor Jenő András\")\n27. [László Derzsi](/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Derzsi \"László Derzsi\")\n28. [Imelda Tóásó](/wiki/Imelda_T%C3%B3%C3%A1s%C3%B3 \"Imelda Tóásó\")\n29. [Károly Kolcsár](/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Kolcs%C3%A1r \"Károly Kolcsár\")\n30. [Béla Bors](/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bors \"Béla Bors\")\n31. [Emőke Kerekes](/wiki/Em%C5%91ke_Kerekes \"Emőke Kerekes\")\n32. [Botond Balázs](/wiki/Botond_Bal%C3%A1zs \"Botond Balázs\")\n33. [Róbert Kiss](/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Kiss_%28politician%29 \"Róbert Kiss (politician)\")\n34. [Hunor Mákszem](/wiki/Hunor_M%C3%A1kszem \"Hunor Mákszem\")\n35. [Éva Hudácsek](/wiki/%C3%89va_Hud%C3%A1csek \"Éva Hudácsek\")\n36. [Lajos Papp](/wiki/Lajos_Papp_%28politician%29 \"Lajos Papp (politician)\")\n37. [Orsolya Béres](/wiki/Orsolya_B%C3%A9res \"Orsolya Béres\")\n38. [Gábor Imre](/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Imre \"Gábor Imre\")\n39. [Tímea Orbán](/wiki/T%C3%ADmea_Orb%C3%A1n \"Tímea Orbán\")\n40. [Géza Antal](/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Antal \"Géza Antal\")\n41. [Mária Gorbai](/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_Gorbai \"Mária Gorbai\")\n42. [Levente Erős](/wiki/Levente_Er%C5%91s \"Levente Erős\")\n43. [Hunor Kelemen](/wiki/Hunor_Kelemen \"Hunor Kelemen\")\n\n### People's Movement Party (PMP)\n\n1. [Traian Băsescu](/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu \"Traian Băsescu\")\n2. [Eugen Tomac](/wiki/Eugen_Tomac \"Eugen Tomac\")\n3. [Ioana Constantin](/wiki/Ioana_Constantin \"Ioana Constantin\")\n4. [Marius Paşcan](/wiki/Marius_Pa%C5%9Fcan \"Marius Paşcan\")\n5. [Simona Vlădica](/wiki/Simona_Vl%C4%83dica \"Simona Vlădica\")\n6. [Robert Turcescu](/wiki/Robert_Turcescu \"Robert Turcescu\")\n7. [Teodora Desagă](/wiki/Teodora_Desag%C4%83 \"Teodora Desagă\")\n8. [Petru Movilă](/wiki/Petru_Movil%C4%83_%2821st_century_politician%29 \"Petru Movilă (21st century politician)\")\n9. [Cătălina Bozianu](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lina_Bozianu \"Cătălina Bozianu\")\n10. [Cătălin Bulf](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Bulf \"Cătălin Bulf\")\n\n### Parties and candidates that did not pass the threshold\n\n1. [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") (ALDE)\n2. Peter Costea (independent candidate)\n3. [George Simion](/wiki/George_Simion \"George Simion\") (independent candidate)\n4. Gregoriana Carmen Tudoran (independent candidate)\n5. [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") (UNPR)\n6. Prodemo Party\n7. [United Romania Party](/wiki/United_Romania_Party \"United Romania Party\") (PRO)\n8. Romanian Socialist Party\n9. Independent Social Democratic Party\n10. National Unity Block \\- NUB\n\n### Rejected candidates and lists\n\n1. Octavian\\-Iulian Tiron\n2. Freemen's Party\n3. Ana Daniela Dobre\n4. Party of Democracy and Solidarity \\- Demos\n5. Pensioners' Force Party\n6. [Communitarian Party of Romania](/wiki/Communitarian_Party_of_Romania \"Communitarian Party of Romania\")\n7. [Greater Romania Party](/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party \"Greater Romania Party\")\n8. Gabriela\\-Ștefania Nuț\n9. Ilie Rotaru\n10. Sevastița Dumitrache\n11. Luminița Velciu\n12. Alexandra Ana Maria Gafița (Prodemo Party)\n13. Romanian Nationhood Party\n14. Our Romania Party\n15. New Romania Party\n16. Liberal Right\n17. [The Right Alternative](/wiki/The_Right_Alternative \"The Right Alternative\")\n",
"### National Liberal Party (PNL)\n\n1. [Rareș Bogdan](/wiki/Rare%C8%99_Bogdan \"Rareș Bogdan\")\n2. [Mircea Hava](/wiki/Mircea_Hava \"Mircea Hava\")\n3. [Siegfried Mureșan](/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an \"Siegfried Mureșan\")\n4. [Vasile Blaga](/wiki/Vasile_Blaga \"Vasile Blaga\")\n5. [Adina Vălean](/wiki/Adina_V%C4%83lean \"Adina Vălean\")\n6. [Daniel Buda](/wiki/Daniel_Buda \"Daniel Buda\")\n7. [Dan Motreanu](/wiki/Dan_Motreanu \"Dan Motreanu\")\n8. [Gheorghe Falcă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Falc%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Falcă\")\n9. [Cristian Bușoi](/wiki/Cristian_Bu%C8%99oi \"Cristian Bușoi\")\n10. [Marian Jean Marinescu](/wiki/Marian_Jean_Marinescu \"Marian Jean Marinescu\")\n11. [Vlad Nistor](/wiki/Vlad_Nistor_%28politician%29 \"Vlad Nistor (politician)\")\n12. [Mihai Țurcanu](/wiki/Mihai_%C8%9Aurcanu \"Mihai Țurcanu\")\n13. [Violeta Alexandru](/wiki/Violeta_Alexandru \"Violeta Alexandru\")\n14. [Ligia Popescu](/wiki/Ligia_Popescu \"Ligia Popescu\")\n15. [Ana Dimitriu](/wiki/Ana_Dimitriu \"Ana Dimitriu\")\n16. [Mădălin Teodosescu](/wiki/M%C4%83d%C4%83lin_Teodosescu \"Mădălin Teodosescu\")\n17. [Alexandru Epure](/wiki/Alexandru_Epure \"Alexandru Epure\")\n18. [Ciprian Ciucu](/wiki/Ciprian_Ciucu \"Ciprian Ciucu\")\n19. [Aleodor Frâncu](/wiki/Aleodor_Fr%C3%A2ncu \"Aleodor Frâncu\")\n20. [Claudia Benchescu](/wiki/Claudia_Benchescu \"Claudia Benchescu\")\n21. [Adrian Dupu](/wiki/Adrian_Dupu \"Adrian Dupu\")\n22. [Dragoș Soare](/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Soare \"Dragoș Soare\")\n23. [Ionel Palăr](/wiki/Ionel_Pal%C4%83r \"Ionel Palăr\")\n24. [Tudor Polak](/wiki/Tudor_Polak \"Tudor Polak\")\n25. [Emanuel Soare](/wiki/Emanuel_Soare \"Emanuel Soare\")\n26. [Marius Minea](/wiki/Marius_Minea \"Marius Minea\")\n27. [Alexandru Șerban](/wiki/Alexandru_%C8%98erban \"Alexandru Șerban\")\n28. [Claudiu Chira](/wiki/Claudiu_Chira \"Claudiu Chira\")\n29. [Alexandru Salup\\-Rusu](/wiki/Alexandru_Salup-Rusu \"Alexandru Salup-Rusu\")\n30. [Ilie Cotinescu](/wiki/Ilie_Cotinescu \"Ilie Cotinescu\")\n31. [Cosmina Neamțu](/wiki/Cosmina_Neam%C8%9Bu \"Cosmina Neamțu\")\n32. [Alexandru Părduț](/wiki/Alexandru_P%C4%83rdu%C8%9B \"Alexandru Părduț\")\n33. [Costel Stanca](/wiki/Costel_Stanca \"Costel Stanca\")\n34. [Gheorghe Firon](/wiki/Gheorghe_Firon \"Gheorghe Firon\")\n35. [Cristina Chivu](/wiki/Cristina_Chivu \"Cristina Chivu\")\n36. [Sorina Marin](/wiki/Sorina_Marin \"Sorina Marin\")\n37. [Daniel Grosu](/wiki/Daniel_Grosu \"Daniel Grosu\")\n38. [Alexandru Țoncu](/wiki/Alexandru_%C8%9Aoncu \"Alexandru Țoncu\")\n39. [Viorica Mihai](/wiki/Viorica_Mihai \"Viorica Mihai\")\n40. [Adrian Dabarac](/wiki/Adrian_Dabarac \"Adrian Dabarac\")\n41. [Larissa Bîrsan](/wiki/Larissa_B%C3%AErsan \"Larissa Bîrsan\")\n42. [Ioan Chirteș](/wiki/Ioan_Chirte%C8%99 \"Ioan Chirteș\")\n43. [Ion Vela](/wiki/Ion_Vela \"Ion Vela\")\n",
"### Social Democratic Party (PSD)\n\n1. [Rovana Plumb](/wiki/Rovana_Plumb \"Rovana Plumb\")\n2. [Carmen Avram](/wiki/Carmen_Avram \"Carmen Avram\")\n3. [Claudiu Manda](/wiki/Claudiu_Manda \"Claudiu Manda\")\n4. [Cristian Terheș](/wiki/Cristian_Terhe%C8%99 \"Cristian Terheș\")\n5. [Dan Nica](/wiki/Dan_Nica \"Dan Nica\")\n6. [Maria Grapini](/wiki/Maria_Grapini \"Maria Grapini\")\n7. [Tudor Ciuhodaru](/wiki/Tudor_Ciuhodaru \"Tudor Ciuhodaru\")\n8. [Dragos Benea](/wiki/Dragos_Benea \"Dragos Benea\")\n9. [Victor Negrescu](/wiki/Victor_Negrescu \"Victor Negrescu\")\n10. [Andi Cristea](/wiki/Andi_Cristea \"Andi Cristea\")\n11. [Natalia Intotero](/wiki/Natalia_Intotero \"Natalia Intotero\")\n12. [Gabriela Zoană](/wiki/Gabriela_Zoan%C4%83 \"Gabriela Zoană\")\n13. [Bianca Gavriliţă](/wiki/Bianca_Gavrili%C5%A3%C4%83 \"Bianca Gavriliţă\")\n14. [Emilian Pavel](/wiki/Emilian_Pavel \"Emilian Pavel\")\n15. [Doina Pană](/wiki/Doina_Pan%C4%83 \"Doina Pană\")\n16. [Crina\\-Fiorela Chilat](/wiki/Crina-Fiorela_Chilat \"Crina-Fiorela Chilat\")\n17. [Mariana Bălănică](/wiki/Mariana_B%C4%83l%C4%83nic%C4%83 \"Mariana Bălănică\")\n18. [Răzvan Popa](/wiki/R%C4%83zvan_Popa_%28politician%29 \"Răzvan Popa (politician)\")\n19. [Luminița Jivan](/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_Jivan \"Luminița Jivan\")\n20. [Alin Pavelescu](/wiki/Alin_Pavelescu \"Alin Pavelescu\")\n21. [Augustin Ioan](/wiki/Augustin_Ioan \"Augustin Ioan\")\n22. [Cătălin Grigore](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Grigore_%28politician%29 \"Cătălin Grigore (politician)\")\n23. [Roxana Pațurcă](/wiki/Roxana_Pa%C8%9Burc%C4%83 \"Roxana Pațurcă\")\n24. [Oana Florea](/wiki/Oana_Florea \"Oana Florea\")\n25. [Dragoș Cristian](/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Cristian \"Dragoș Cristian\")\n26. [Mihai Ion Macaveiu](/wiki/Mihai_Ion_Macaveiu \"Mihai Ion Macaveiu\")\n27. [Liviu Brăiloiu](/wiki/Liviu_Br%C4%83iloiu \"Liviu Brăiloiu\")\n28. [Florin Manole](/wiki/Florin_Manole \"Florin Manole\")\n29. [Ion Voinea](/wiki/Ion_Voinea \"Ion Voinea\")\n30. [Horia Grama](/wiki/Horia_Grama \"Horia Grama\")\n31. Alexandru Popa\n32. [Aida Căruceru](/wiki/Aida_C%C4%83ruceru \"Aida Căruceru\")\n33. [Gheorghe Tomoioagă](/wiki/Gheorghe_Tomoioag%C4%83 \"Gheorghe Tomoioagă\")\n34. [Anca Daniela Raiciu](/wiki/Anca_Daniela_Raiciu \"Anca Daniela Raiciu\")\n35. [Mitică Marius Mărgărit](/wiki/Mitic%C4%83_Marius_M%C4%83rg%C4%83rit \"Mitică Marius Mărgărit\")\n36. [Nasi Calențaru](/wiki/Nasi_Calen%C8%9Baru \"Nasi Calențaru\")\n37. [Cristina Tăteață](/wiki/Cristina_T%C4%83tea%C8%9B%C4%83 \"Cristina Tăteață\")\n38. [Petru Moț](/wiki/Petru_Mo%C8%9B \"Petru Moț\")\n39. [Luminița Țundrea](/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_%C8%9Aundrea \"Luminița Țundrea\")\n40. [Emanuel Iacob](/wiki/Emanuel_Iacob \"Emanuel Iacob\")\n41. [Cătălin Unciuleanu](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Unciuleanu \"Cătălin Unciuleanu\")\n42. [Gabriel Bogdan Răducan](/wiki/Gabriel_Bogdan_R%C4%83ducan \"Gabriel Bogdan Răducan\")\n43. [Andrei Sima](/wiki/Andrei_Sima \"Andrei Sima\")\n",
"### 2020 USR\\-PLUS Alliance (USR PLUS)\n\n1. [Dacian Cioloș](/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99 \"Dacian Cioloș\") (PLUS)\n2. [Cristian Ghinea](/wiki/Cristian_Ghinea \"Cristian Ghinea\") (USR)\n3. [Dragos Nicolae Pîslaru](/wiki/Dragos_Nicolae_P%C3%AEslaru \"Dragos Nicolae Pîslaru\") (PLUS)\n4. [Clotilde Armand](/wiki/Clotilde_Armand \"Clotilde Armand\") (USR)\n5. [Ioan Dragoș Tudorache](/wiki/Ioan_Drago%C8%99_Tudorache \"Ioan Dragoș Tudorache\") (PLUS)\n6. [Nicolae Ștefănuță](/wiki/Nicolae_%C8%98tef%C4%83nu%C8%9B%C4%83 \"Nicolae Ștefănuță\") (USR)\n7. [Vlad Botoș](/wiki/Vlad_Boto%C8%99 \"Vlad Botoș\") (USR)\n8. [Ramona Victoria Strugariu](/wiki/Ramona_Victoria_Strugariu \"Ramona Victoria Strugariu\") (PLUS)\n9. [Vlad Gheorghe](/wiki/Vlad_Gheorghe \"Vlad Gheorghe\") (USR)\n10. [Alin Cristian Mituța](/wiki/Alin_Cristian_Mitu%C8%9Ba \"Alin Cristian Mituța\") (PLUS)\n11. [Naomi Reniuț Ursoiu](/wiki/Naomi_Reniu%C8%9B_Ursoiu \"Naomi Reniuț Ursoiu\") (USR)\n12. [Oana Țoiu](/wiki/Oana_%C8%9Aoiu \"Oana Țoiu\") (PLUS)\n13. [Radu Ghelmez](/wiki/Radu_Ghelmez \"Radu Ghelmez\") (USR)\n14. [Liviu Iolu](/wiki/Liviu_Iolu \"Liviu Iolu\") (PLUS)\n15. [Radu Mihaiu](/wiki/Radu_Mihaiu \"Radu Mihaiu\") (USR)\n16. [Iulian Lorincz](/wiki/Iulian_Lorincz \"Iulian Lorincz\") (USR)\n17. [Adriana Cristian](/wiki/Adriana_Cristian \"Adriana Cristian\") (USR)\n18. [Camelia Crișan](/wiki/Camelia_Cri%C8%99an \"Camelia Crișan\") (USR)\n19. [Anca Majaru](/wiki/Anca_Majaru \"Anca Majaru\") (PLUS)\n20. [George Țăranu](/wiki/George_%C8%9A%C4%83ranu \"George Țăranu\") (USR)\n21. [Bogdan Deleanu](/wiki/Bogdan_Deleanu \"Bogdan Deleanu\") (PLUS)\n22. [Ștefan Pălărie](/wiki/%C8%98tefan_P%C4%83l%C4%83rie \"Ștefan Pălărie\") (PLUS)\n23. [Silviu Gurlui](/wiki/Silviu_Gurlui \"Silviu Gurlui\") (USR)\n24. [Alexandru Grigorescu Negri](/wiki/Alexandru_Grigorescu_Negri \"Alexandru Grigorescu Negri\") (PLUS)\n25. [Teodora Stoian](/wiki/Teodora_Stoian \"Teodora Stoian\") (USR)\n26. [George Gima](/wiki/George_Gima \"George Gima\") (PLUS)\n27. [Alexandru Vărzaru](/wiki/Alexandru_V%C4%83rzaru \"Alexandru Vărzaru\") (USR)\n28. [Raluca Amariei](/wiki/Raluca_Amariei \"Raluca Amariei\") (USR)\n29. [Anca Radu](/wiki/Anca_Radu \"Anca Radu\") (PLUS)\n30. [Miroslav Tașcu Stavre](/wiki/Miroslav_Ta%C8%99cu_Stavre \"Miroslav Tașcu Stavre\") (USR)\n31. [Gabriela Maria Mirescu Gruber](/wiki/Gabriela_Maria_Mirescu_Gruber \"Gabriela Maria Mirescu Gruber\") (PLUS)\n32. [Florin Andrei](/wiki/Florin_Andrei \"Florin Andrei\") (USR)\n33. [Cătălina\\-Teodora Sofron](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lina-Teodora_Sofron \"Cătălina-Teodora Sofron\") (PLUS)\n34. [Sorin Dan Clinci](/wiki/Sorin_Dan_Clinci \"Sorin Dan Clinci\") (PLUS)\n35. [Emanuel Stoica](/wiki/Emanuel_Stoica \"Emanuel Stoica\") (USR)\n36. [Iulian Crăciun](/wiki/Iulian_Cr%C4%83ciun \"Iulian Crăciun\") (PLUS)\n37. [Octavian Berceanu](/wiki/Octavian_Berceanu \"Octavian Berceanu\") (USR)\n38. [Daniela Șerban](/wiki/Daniela_%C8%98erban \"Daniela Șerban\") (PLUS)\n39. [Cristina Iurișniți](/wiki/Cristina_Iuri%C8%99ni%C8%9Bi \"Cristina Iurișniți\") (USR)\n40. [Elena Uram](/wiki/Elena_Uram \"Elena Uram\") (USR)\n",
"### PRO Romania (PRO)\n\n1. [Victor Ponta](/wiki/Victor_Ponta \"Victor Ponta\")\n2. [Corina Crețu](/wiki/Corina_Cre%C8%9Bu \"Corina Crețu\")\n3. [Mihai Tudose](/wiki/Mihai_Tudose \"Mihai Tudose\")\n4. [Iurie Leancă](/wiki/Iurie_Leanc%C4%83 \"Iurie Leancă\")\n5. Geanina Puşcaşu\n6. Gabriela Podască\n7. Cristian Cosmin\n8. [Ioana Petrescu](/wiki/Ioana_Petrescu \"Ioana Petrescu\")\n9. [Mihai Sturzu](/wiki/Mihai_Sturzu \"Mihai Sturzu\")\n10. Ionela Danciu\n",
"### Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ)\n\n1. [Iuliu Winkler](/wiki/Iuliu_Winkler \"Iuliu Winkler\")\n2. [Loránt Vincze](/wiki/Lor%C3%A1nt_Vincze \"Loránt Vincze\")\n3. [Csilla Hegedüs](/wiki/Csilla_Heged%C3%BCs \"Csilla Hegedüs\")\n4. [Csongor Oltean](/wiki/Csongor_Oltean_%28politician%29 \"Csongor Oltean (politician)\")\n5. [Csaba Sógor](/wiki/Csaba_S%C3%B3gor \"Csaba Sógor\")\n6. [Irénke Kovács](/wiki/Ir%C3%A9nke_Kov%C3%A1cs \"Irénke Kovács\")\n7. [Attila Cseke](/wiki/Attila_Cseke \"Attila Cseke\")\n8. [Erika Benkő](/wiki/Erika_Benk%C5%91 \"Erika Benkő\")\n9. [Csaba Pataki](/wiki/Csaba_Pataki \"Csaba Pataki\")\n10. [Zsombor Ambrus](/wiki/Zsombor_Ambrus \"Zsombor Ambrus\")\n11. [Ildikó Szőcs](/wiki/Ildik%C3%B3_Sz%C5%91cs \"Ildikó Szőcs\")\n12. [Péter Faragó](/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Farag%C3%B3 \"Péter Faragó\")\n13. [Izabella Ambrus](/wiki/Izabella_Ambrus \"Izabella Ambrus\")\n14. [Mária Búzás\\-Fekete](/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_B%C3%BAz%C3%A1s-Fekete \"Mária Búzás-Fekete\")\n15. [Attila\\-Zoltán Csibi](/wiki/Attila-Zolt%C3%A1n_Csibi \"Attila-Zoltán Csibi\")\n16. [Márta Máté](/wiki/M%C3%A1rta_M%C3%A1t%C3%A9 \"Márta Máté\")\n17. [Gábor Kereskényi](/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Keresk%C3%A9nyi \"Gábor Kereskényi\")\n18. [Dalma Pető](/wiki/Dalma_Pet%C5%91 \"Dalma Pető\")\n19. [Róbert István Szilágyi](/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Istv%C3%A1n_Szil%C3%A1gyi \"Róbert István Szilágyi\")\n20. [Ildikó Tripon](/wiki/Ildik%C3%B3_Tripon \"Ildikó Tripon\")\n21. [Atilla Lehel Décsei](/wiki/Atilla_Lehel_D%C3%A9csei \"Atilla Lehel Décsei\")\n22. [Anna Bogya](/wiki/Anna_Bogya \"Anna Bogya\")\n23. [István\\-Balázs Birtalan](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n-Bal%C3%A1zs_Birtalan \"István-Balázs Birtalan\")\n24. [Vilmos Meleg](/wiki/Vilmos_Meleg \"Vilmos Meleg\")\n25. [Ida Marina](/wiki/Ida_Marina \"Ida Marina\")\n26. [Hunor Jenő András](/wiki/Hunor_Jen%C5%91_Andr%C3%A1s \"Hunor Jenő András\")\n27. [László Derzsi](/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Derzsi \"László Derzsi\")\n28. [Imelda Tóásó](/wiki/Imelda_T%C3%B3%C3%A1s%C3%B3 \"Imelda Tóásó\")\n29. [Károly Kolcsár](/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Kolcs%C3%A1r \"Károly Kolcsár\")\n30. [Béla Bors](/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bors \"Béla Bors\")\n31. [Emőke Kerekes](/wiki/Em%C5%91ke_Kerekes \"Emőke Kerekes\")\n32. [Botond Balázs](/wiki/Botond_Bal%C3%A1zs \"Botond Balázs\")\n33. [Róbert Kiss](/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Kiss_%28politician%29 \"Róbert Kiss (politician)\")\n34. [Hunor Mákszem](/wiki/Hunor_M%C3%A1kszem \"Hunor Mákszem\")\n35. [Éva Hudácsek](/wiki/%C3%89va_Hud%C3%A1csek \"Éva Hudácsek\")\n36. [Lajos Papp](/wiki/Lajos_Papp_%28politician%29 \"Lajos Papp (politician)\")\n37. [Orsolya Béres](/wiki/Orsolya_B%C3%A9res \"Orsolya Béres\")\n38. [Gábor Imre](/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Imre \"Gábor Imre\")\n39. [Tímea Orbán](/wiki/T%C3%ADmea_Orb%C3%A1n \"Tímea Orbán\")\n40. [Géza Antal](/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Antal \"Géza Antal\")\n41. [Mária Gorbai](/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_Gorbai \"Mária Gorbai\")\n42. [Levente Erős](/wiki/Levente_Er%C5%91s \"Levente Erős\")\n43. [Hunor Kelemen](/wiki/Hunor_Kelemen \"Hunor Kelemen\")\n",
"### People's Movement Party (PMP)\n\n1. [Traian Băsescu](/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu \"Traian Băsescu\")\n2. [Eugen Tomac](/wiki/Eugen_Tomac \"Eugen Tomac\")\n3. [Ioana Constantin](/wiki/Ioana_Constantin \"Ioana Constantin\")\n4. [Marius Paşcan](/wiki/Marius_Pa%C5%9Fcan \"Marius Paşcan\")\n5. [Simona Vlădica](/wiki/Simona_Vl%C4%83dica \"Simona Vlădica\")\n6. [Robert Turcescu](/wiki/Robert_Turcescu \"Robert Turcescu\")\n7. [Teodora Desagă](/wiki/Teodora_Desag%C4%83 \"Teodora Desagă\")\n8. [Petru Movilă](/wiki/Petru_Movil%C4%83_%2821st_century_politician%29 \"Petru Movilă (21st century politician)\")\n9. [Cătălina Bozianu](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lina_Bozianu \"Cătălina Bozianu\")\n10. [Cătălin Bulf](/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Bulf \"Cătălin Bulf\")\n",
"### Parties and candidates that did not pass the threshold\n\n1. [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") (ALDE)\n2. Peter Costea (independent candidate)\n3. [George Simion](/wiki/George_Simion \"George Simion\") (independent candidate)\n4. Gregoriana Carmen Tudoran (independent candidate)\n5. [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") (UNPR)\n6. Prodemo Party\n7. [United Romania Party](/wiki/United_Romania_Party \"United Romania Party\") (PRO)\n8. Romanian Socialist Party\n9. Independent Social Democratic Party\n10. National Unity Block \\- NUB\n",
"### Rejected candidates and lists\n\n1. Octavian\\-Iulian Tiron\n2. Freemen's Party\n3. Ana Daniela Dobre\n4. Party of Democracy and Solidarity \\- Demos\n5. Pensioners' Force Party\n6. [Communitarian Party of Romania](/wiki/Communitarian_Party_of_Romania \"Communitarian Party of Romania\")\n7. [Greater Romania Party](/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party \"Greater Romania Party\")\n8. Gabriela\\-Ștefania Nuț\n9. Ilie Rotaru\n10. Sevastița Dumitrache\n11. Luminița Velciu\n12. Alexandra Ana Maria Gafița (Prodemo Party)\n13. Romanian Nationhood Party\n14. Our Romania Party\n15. New Romania Party\n16. Liberal Right\n17. [The Right Alternative](/wiki/The_Right_Alternative \"The Right Alternative\")\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n### MEP's gender balance\n\nRomania's constitutive session for the year 2019 was represented by 29% women and 71% men.\n\n### Gallery\n\nFile:Harta judete europarlamentare 2019\\.png\\|Electoral map of the counties by winning political party in the 2019 European Parliament election in Romania\n\n",
"### MEP's gender balance\n\nRomania's constitutive session for the year 2019 was represented by 29% women and 71% men.\n\n",
"### Gallery\n\nFile:Harta judete europarlamentare 2019\\.png\\|Electoral map of the counties by winning political party in the 2019 European Parliament election in Romania\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n The Social Democratic Party (PSD) ran in 2014 as part of the a three\\-party alliance that also included the [Conservative Party](/wiki/Conservative_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Conservative Party (Romania)\") (PC, a founding member of the [ALDE](/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_%28Romania%29 \"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)\") party in 2015\\) and the [National Union for the Progress of Romania](/wiki/National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania \"National Union for the Progress of Romania\") (UNPR). Initially, it intended to run as the \"Social Democratic Union\" (USD), but, as the same name was used by an alliance in the 1990s by the now longtime defunct [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Party (Romania)\") (PD) and [Romanian Social Democratic Party](/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_%281990%E2%80%932001%29 \"Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)\") (PSDR), they ran as \"PSD\\-UNPR\\-PC Alliance\".\n [Save Romania Union](/wiki/Save_Romania_Union \"Save Romania Union\") (USR) and [Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party](/wiki/Freedom%2C_Unity_and_Solidarity_Party \"Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party\") (PLUS) ran together under the moniker [2020 USR\\-PLUS Alliance](/wiki/USR_PLUS \"USR PLUS\").\n Includes the [Civic Force](/wiki/Civic_Force \"Civic Force\") (FC) (2,6% in 2014\\), which merged into the [Democratic Liberal Party](/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29 \"Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)\") (PDL) in July 2014, which itself subsequently merged into the PNL in November 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Central Electoral Bureau for the European Parliament Elections](http://www.roaep.ro/bec_europ2019/)\n\n[Romania](/wiki/Category:2019_European_Parliament_election \"2019 European Parliament election\")\n[2019](/wiki/Category:European_Parliament_elections_in_Romania \"European Parliament elections in Romania\")\n[Category:May 2019 events in Romania](/wiki/Category:May_2019_events_in_Romania \"May 2019 events in Romania\")\n[Category:2019 elections in Romania](/wiki/Category:2019_elections_in_Romania \"2019 elections in Romania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Middlefield, Stapleford
|
{
"id": [
29913457
],
"name": [
"SmartyPants22"
]
}
|
b9ku7os23zdvbocd4n44ezwqavl77gw
|
2023-02-05T22:20:29Z
| 1,087,695,025 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Sketch by the architect [Edwin Lutyens](/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens \"Edwin Lutyens\")](/wiki/File:Middlefield%2C_Stapleford%2C_Cambridge%2C_England._Elevation._Sketch_LCCN2007681954.jpg \"Middlefield, Stapleford, Cambridge, England. Elevation. Sketch LCCN2007681954.jpg\")\n\n**Middlefield** is a mansion in [Stapleford, Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Stapleford%2C_Cambridgeshire \"Stapleford, Cambridgeshire\"), England, designed in 1908–9 by [Edwin Lutyens](/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens \"Edwin Lutyens\"). It is a [grade II\\* listed building](/wiki/Grade_II%2A_listed_building \"Grade II* listed building\").\n\nMiddlefield was designed for [Henry Bond](/wiki/Henry_Bond_%28Master_of_Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge%29 \"Henry Bond (Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge)\"), a lecturer in Roman Law at [Trinity College](/wiki/Trinity_College%2C_Cambridge \"Trinity College, Cambridge\") and [Trinity Hall](/wiki/Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge \"Trinity Hall, Cambridge\"), University of Cambridge, and subsequently the Master of Trinity Hall. The red\\-brick house is characterised by a symmetrical frontage, three large chimney blocks, and large tiled [hipped roofs](/wiki/Hip_roof \"Hip roof\") with low flanking [eaves](/wiki/Eaves \"Eaves\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Works of Edwin Lutyens in England](/wiki/Category:Works_of_Edwin_Lutyens_in_England \"Works of Edwin Lutyens in England\")\n[Category:Grade II\\* listed buildings in Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Category:Grade_II%2A_listed_buildings_in_Cambridgeshire \"Grade II* listed buildings in Cambridgeshire\")\n[Category:Country houses in Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Cambridgeshire \"Country houses in Cambridgeshire\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
File 113
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
4672g0m4xisxcox14x7lqj7gx2xc8f8
|
2024-10-06T18:16:36Z
| 1,222,602,094 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"References",
"Bibliography",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***File 113*** is a 1933 American [pre\\-Code](/wiki/Pre-Code \"Pre-Code\") [mystery film](/wiki/Mystery_film \"Mystery film\") directed by [Chester Franklin](/wiki/Chester_Franklin \"Chester Franklin\") and starring [Lew Cody](/wiki/Lew_Cody \"Lew Cody\"), [Mary Nolan](/wiki/Mary_Nolan \"Mary Nolan\") and [June Clyde](/wiki/June_Clyde \"June Clyde\").Pitts p.25 [Monsieur Lecoq](/wiki/Monsieur_Lecoq \"Monsieur Lecoq\"), a [Parisian](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") [detective](/wiki/Detective \"Detective\") solves a series of crimes. It is based on a story by the nineteenth century French writer [Émile Gaboriau](/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gaboriau \"Émile Gaboriau\").\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Lew Cody](/wiki/Lew_Cody \"Lew Cody\") as [M. Gaston Le Coq](/wiki/Monsieur_Lecoq \"Monsieur Lecoq\")\n* [Mary Nolan](/wiki/Mary_Nolan \"Mary Nolan\") as Mlle. Adoree\n* [Clara Kimball Young](/wiki/Clara_Kimball_Young \"Clara Kimball Young\") as Mme. Fauvel\n* [George E. Stone](/wiki/George_E._Stone \"George E. Stone\") as Verduet\n* [William Collier Jr.](/wiki/William_Collier_Jr. \"William Collier Jr.\") as Prosper Botomy\n* [June Clyde](/wiki/June_Clyde \"June Clyde\") as Madeline\n* [Herbert Bunston](/wiki/Herbert_Bunston \"Herbert Bunston\") as Fauvel\n* [Roy D'Arcy](/wiki/Roy_D%27Arcy \"Roy D'Arcy\") as De Clameran\n* [Irving Bacon](/wiki/Irving_Bacon \"Irving Bacon\") as Lagors\n* [Harry Cording](/wiki/Harry_Cording \"Harry Cording\") as Michele\n* [Crauford Kent](/wiki/Crauford_Kent \"Crauford Kent\") as Ottoman\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Pitts, Michael R. *Poverty Row Studios, 1929–1940: An Illustrated History of 55 Independent Film Companies, with a Filmography for Each*. McFarland \\& Company, 2005\\.\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1933 films](/wiki/Category:1933_films \"1933 films\")\n[Category:1933 mystery films](/wiki/Category:1933_mystery_films \"1933 mystery films\")\n[Category:American mystery films](/wiki/Category:American_mystery_films \"American mystery films\")\n[Category:Films directed by Chester Franklin](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Chester_Franklin \"Films directed by Chester Franklin\")\n[Category:Films set in Paris](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Paris \"Films set in Paris\")\n[Category:American black\\-and\\-white films](/wiki/Category:American_black-and-white_films \"American black-and-white films\")\n[Category:1930s English\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1930s_English-language_films \"1930s English-language films\")\n[Category:1930s American films](/wiki/Category:1930s_American_films \"1930s American films\")\n[Category:English\\-language mystery films](/wiki/Category:English-language_mystery_films \"English-language mystery films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
The Billionaire and the Mechanic
|
{
"id": [
20472590
],
"name": [
"Melcous"
]
}
|
865s7n517ygv30o1yzgmwml608sc7k2
|
2024-06-07T23:23:06Z
| 1,196,031,242 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Synopsis",
"Publication",
"Reception",
"Bibliography",
"Awards and honors",
"References",
"Further reading",
"External links",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**The Billionaire and the Mechanic** is a non\\-fiction book by [Julian Guthrie](/wiki/Julian_Guthrie \"Julian Guthrie\") about [Oracle Team USA](/wiki/Oracle_Team_USA \"Oracle Team USA\")'s quest to win the [America's Cup](/wiki/America%27s_Cup \"America's Cup\"), the oldest trophy in sport. The billionaire in question is [Larry Ellison](/wiki/Larry_Ellison \"Larry Ellison\"), founder and chairman of [Oracle Corporation](/wiki/Oracle_Corporation \"Oracle Corporation\"), and the car mechanic in question is [Norbert Bajurin](/wiki/Norbert_Bajurin \"Norbert Bajurin\"), the Commodore of the [Golden Gate Yacht Club](/wiki/Golden_Gate_Yacht_Club \"Golden Gate Yacht Club\").\n\n",
"Synopsis\n--------\n\nThe book covers the quest of Larry Ellison to win the America's Cup yachting trophy, his establishment of Oracle Team USA under the banner of the Golden Gate Yacht Club, and his various Cup campaigns, at the [2003](/wiki/2003_America%27s_Cup \"2003 America's Cup\"), [2007](/wiki/2007_America%27s_Cup \"2007 America's Cup\") and [2010](/wiki/2010_America%27s_Cup \"2010 America's Cup\") Cups. And at the [2013](/wiki/2013_America%27s_Cup \"2013 America's Cup\") Cup in the second edition. The book opens with Ellison's experiences at the catastrophic [1998](/wiki/1998_Sydney_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race \"1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\") [Sydney to Hobart](/wiki/Sydney_to_Hobart \"Sydney to Hobart\") yacht race, where a freak storm with hurricane\\-force winds sunk several yachts, killing several sailors. Ellison vowed to transition from open water racing to inshore racing, and in that, go after the oldest trophy in international sport, the America's Cup. Basing out of [San Francisco](/wiki/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\"), it covers his troubles with the high brow [St. Francis Yacht Club](/wiki/St._Francis_Yacht_Club \"St. Francis Yacht Club\"), leading to a search for an alternate sponsoring squadron. In conjunction with this search, the election of a new [commodore](/wiki/Commodore_%28yacht_club%29 \"Commodore (yacht club)\") at the Golden Gate Yacht Club, a club with middle class blue collar membership, lead to Norbert Bajurin, a car radiator shop owner and mechanic, winning. Bajurin discovered the financial difficulties of the Golden Gate Yacht Club, and sought Ellison to be their sponsoring yacht club in a Cup campaign, solving the pending insolvency of his beloved squadron. Then, covering the partnership between the billionaire and the mechanic, and the establishment of Oracle Team USA at the Golden Gate Yacht Club. The book then follows the unsuccessful cup campaigns at the 2003 and 2007 America's Cups, which resulted in their failure to become the US entry into the Cup. Then their rogue challenge, under the [Deed of Gift](/wiki/Deed_of_Gift_of_the_America%27s_Cup \"Deed of Gift of the America's Cup\"), in the 2010 Cup, becoming the challenger against the Cup defender, and winning the Cup. In the expanded second edition, it follows on the successful Cup defense in the 2013 Cup, and their comeback from the brink of losing the Cup in 2013\\.\n\n",
"Publication\n-----------\n\nThe first edition, *\"The Billionaire and the Mechanic: How Larry Ellison and a Car Mechanic Teamed Up to Win Sailing's Greatest Race, the America's Cup\"*, was published in 2013\\. The book appeared in the Northern California bestsellers list. The work was optioned for a movie deal. An updated edition, \"*The Billionaire and the Mechanic: How Larry Ellison and a Car Mechanic Teamed Up to Win Sailing's Greatest Race, the America's Cup, Twice*\", was published in 2014 to cover the successful defense of the America's Cup in 2013\\. The book appeared on the New York Times best sellers list.\n\nGuthrie collaborated with [David Ellison](/wiki/David_Ellison \"David Ellison\"), son of Larry Ellison, and head of [Skydance Productions](/wiki/Skydance_Productions \"Skydance Productions\"), on the 2011\\-2013 film *[The Wind Gods](/wiki/The_Wind_Gods_%28film%29 \"The Wind Gods (film)\")*, a documentary on the 33rd America's Cup of 2010, where Oracle Team USA won the Cup. The film share details with the book The Billionaire and the Mechanic.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nAngus Phillip's review in The Wall Street Journal said of the book that \"She (the author) clearly had exceptional access to the generally media\\-shy billionaire and provides detailed descriptions of Mr. Ellison's living spaces, work habits, tennis pals like Rafael Nadal and Jimmy Connors, best friend and neighbor Steve Jobs, his many airplanes, cars, boats and houses, his clothing tastes, even his food preferences. She paints a picture of a modern contrarian who delights in bucking convention, which is how he wound up at Golden Gate.\"\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n",
"Awards and honors\n-----------------\n\n* Bay Area News Group \\- Non\\-Fiction \\- Best Sellers \\- June 2013 — (announced July 2013\\)\n* New York Times \\- Sports Literature \\- Best Sellers \\- July 2014 — (announced July 2014\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n* Talks at Google, , Google (24 July 2013\\)\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* Julian Guthrie, [\"The Billionaire and the Mechanic\"](http://www.julianguthriesf.com/the-billionaire-and-the-mechanic.html)\n* Grove Atlantic, [\"The Billionaire and the Mechanic\"](https://groveatlantic.com/book/the-billionaire-and-the-mechanic/)\n\t+ Grove Atlantic, [\"Spring/Summer 2014\"](https://groveatlantic.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Spring2014.pdf); Grove Press, Atlantic Monthly Press, Black Cat, The Mysterious Press; ;\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [*Wind*](/wiki/Wind_%281992_film%29 \"Wind (1992 film)\") (film) fictionalized account about how Dennis Conner lost and then won the America's Cup\n* [*The Wind Gods*](/wiki/The_Wind_Gods_%28film%29 \"The Wind Gods (film)\") (film) 2013 documentary about the 33rd America's Cup 2010\n* *[How to Make a Spaceship](/wiki/How_to_Make_a_Spaceship \"How to Make a Spaceship\")* (book) by Julian Guthrie, about the Ansari X Prize\n\n[Category:America's Cup](/wiki/Category:America%27s_Cup \"America's Cup\")\n[Category:Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race](/wiki/Category:Sydney_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race \"Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\")\n[Category:Sailing books](/wiki/Category:Sailing_books \"Sailing books\")\n[Category:Books about the San Francisco Bay Area](/wiki/Category:Books_about_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"Books about the San Francisco Bay Area\")\n[Category:American non\\-fiction books](/wiki/Category:American_non-fiction_books \"American non-fiction books\")\n[Category:2013 non\\-fiction books](/wiki/Category:2013_non-fiction_books \"2013 non-fiction books\")\n[Category:2014 non\\-fiction books](/wiki/Category:2014_non-fiction_books \"2014 non-fiction books\")\n[Category:2013 America's Cup](/wiki/Category:2013_America%27s_Cup \"2013 America's Cup\")\n[Category:2010 America's Cup](/wiki/Category:2010_America%27s_Cup \"2010 America's Cup\")\n[Category:2007 America's Cup](/wiki/Category:2007_America%27s_Cup \"2007 America's Cup\")\n[Category:2003 America's Cup](/wiki/Category:2003_America%27s_Cup \"2003 America's Cup\")\n[Category:Larry Ellison](/wiki/Category:Larry_Ellison \"Larry Ellison\")\n[Category:Grove Press books](/wiki/Category:Grove_Press_books \"Grove Press books\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Berosus fraternus
|
{
"id": [
40778144
],
"name": [
"777burger"
]
}
|
lz6k7u6asvv4qh6hhrshpsuj1gbtqv0
|
2024-04-20T22:36:52Z
| 1,219,954,720 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Berosus fraternus*** is a species of [water scavenger beetle](/wiki/Water_scavenger_beetle \"Water scavenger beetle\") in the family [Hydrophilidae](/wiki/Hydrophilidae \"Hydrophilidae\"). It is found in North America.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Hydrophilinae](/wiki/Category:Hydrophilinae \"Hydrophilinae\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1855](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1855 \"Beetles described in 1855\")\n[Category:Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_John_Lawrence_LeConte \"Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte\")\n[Category:Beetles of North America](/wiki/Category:Beetles_of_North_America \"Beetles of North America\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Megarafonus lentus
|
{
"id": [
32867347
],
"name": [
"Qbugbot"
]
}
|
nou198ukxtg0ed6udg0miz24tcnk7sd
|
2019-09-24T23:16:14Z
| 915,283,655 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Megarafonus lentus*** is a species of ant\\-loving beetle in the family [Staphylinidae](/wiki/Staphylinidae \"Staphylinidae\"). It is found in North America.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Pselaphinae](/wiki/Category:Pselaphinae \"Pselaphinae\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1958](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1958 \"Beetles described in 1958\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Azenia virida
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
mcwwaxbjcmixl1j8um0bld95cx32fuu
|
2023-12-02T00:44:10Z
| 1,084,647,462 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Azenia virida*** is a species of [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") in the family [Noctuidae](/wiki/Noctuidae \"Noctuidae\") (the owlet moths). It was [first described](/wiki/Species_description \"Species description\") by [William Barnes](/wiki/William_Barnes_%28entomologist%29 \"William Barnes (entomologist)\") and [James Halliday McDunnough](/wiki/James_Halliday_McDunnough \"James Halliday McDunnough\") in 1916 and it is found in North America.\n\n \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Amphipyrinae](/wiki/Category:Amphipyrinae \"Amphipyrinae\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Moths described in 1916](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_1916 \"Moths described in 1916\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Bagous californicus
|
{
"id": [
1951353
],
"name": [
"Waacstats"
]
}
|
5t81itfsykn2ra1d1e2gy1wyo42v8ah
|
2020-10-31T07:59:32Z
| 917,683,928 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Bagous californicus*** is a species of true weevil in the [beetle](/wiki/Beetle \"Beetle\") family [Curculionidae](/wiki/Curculionidae \"Curculionidae\"). It is found in North America.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Curculionidae](/wiki/Category:Curculionidae \"Curculionidae\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1876](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1876 \"Beetles described in 1876\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Megamelus metzaria
|
{
"id": [
40600116
],
"name": [
"ShortDescBot"
]
}
|
18dtzhfgo40249tabv0fky3ywe8mrgz
|
2021-02-27T12:55:52Z
| 917,708,679 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Megamelus metzaria*** is a species of delphacid [planthopper](/wiki/Planthopper \"Planthopper\") in the family [Delphacidae](/wiki/Delphacidae \"Delphacidae\"). It is found in [North America](/wiki/North_America \"North America\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:Delphacini](/wiki/Category:Delphacini \"Delphacini\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Insects described in 1914](/wiki/Category:Insects_described_in_1914 \"Insects described in 1914\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Arcuphantes arcuatulus
|
{
"id": [
40600116
],
"name": [
"ShortDescBot"
]
}
|
pei6c0te421oo6iqsfgwesqyja8iu8z
|
2021-02-15T17:36:10Z
| 943,794,376 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Arcuphantes arcuatulus*** is a species of [sheetweb spider](/wiki/Sheetweb_spider \"Sheetweb spider\") in the family [Linyphiidae](/wiki/Linyphiidae \"Linyphiidae\"). It is found in the United States and Canada.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Linyphiidae](/wiki/Category:Linyphiidae \"Linyphiidae\")\n[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot](/wiki/Category:Articles_created_by_Qbugbot \"Articles created by Qbugbot\")\n[Category:Spiders described in 1942](/wiki/Category:Spiders_described_in_1942 \"Spiders described in 1942\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Aronas (band)
|
{
"id": [
19954945
],
"name": [
"Tobyjamesaus"
]
}
|
21cblsoxh9x1rcazbyhzywppwxsjau8
|
2022-06-26T04:43:10Z
| 1,070,960,077 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Members",
"Discography",
"Albums",
"Awards and nominations",
"ARIA Music Awards",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Aronas** is an Australian jazz ensemble fronted by New Zealand born pianist Aron Ottignon. They combine jazz with South Pacific drumming. They were nominated for the 2005 [ARIA Award](/wiki/ARIA_Awards \"ARIA Awards\") for [Best Jazz Album](/wiki/ARIA_Award_for_Best_Jazz_Album \"ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album\") for their *Culture Tunnels* album.\n\n",
"Members\n-------\n\n* Aron Ottignon \\- piano\n* David Symes \\- bass\n* Evan Mannell \\- drums\n* Josh Green \\- percussion\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Albums\n\n| \\+ List of albums, with selected details | Title | Details |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| *Culture Tunnels* | Released: 2005 Format: CD Label: Strange/Vitamin |\n\n",
"### Albums\n\n| \\+ List of albums, with selected details | Title | Details |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| *Culture Tunnels* | Released: 2005 Format: CD Label: Strange/Vitamin |\n\n",
"Awards and nominations\n----------------------\n\n### ARIA Music Awards\n\nThe [ARIA Music Awards](/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards \"ARIA Music Awards\") is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of [Australian music](/wiki/Australian_music \"Australian music\"). They commenced in 1987\\. \n\n! \n\\|\\-\n\\| [2005](/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards_of_2005 \"ARIA Music Awards of 2005\")\n\\| *Culture Tunnels*\n\\| [Best Jazz Album](/wiki/ARIA_Award_for_Best_Jazz_Album \"ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album\")\n\\| \n\\| ARIA Award previous winners. \n\\|\\-\n\n \n\n",
"### ARIA Music Awards\n\nThe [ARIA Music Awards](/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards \"ARIA Music Awards\") is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of [Australian music](/wiki/Australian_music \"Australian music\"). They commenced in 1987\\. \n\n! \n\\|\\-\n\\| [2005](/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards_of_2005 \"ARIA Music Awards of 2005\")\n\\| *Culture Tunnels*\n\\| [Best Jazz Album](/wiki/ARIA_Award_for_Best_Jazz_Album \"ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album\")\n\\| \n\\| ARIA Award previous winners. \n\\|\\-\n\n \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Australian jazz ensembles](/wiki/Category:Australian_jazz_ensembles \"Australian jazz ensembles\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Jeanette White
|
{
"id": [
37810341
],
"name": [
"Oooooooseven"
]
}
|
jxmpcmszy8gsx7noikwmhorxjwhynkd
|
2024-02-29T21:05:05Z
| 1,205,694,407 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"State senator",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jeanette White** (born May 2, 1943\\) is an American politician. A Democrat, she served in the [Vermont Senate](/wiki/Vermont_Senate \"Vermont Senate\"), representing the [Windham](/wiki/Windham_County%2C_Vermont \"Windham County, Vermont\") district, from 2003 to 2023\\.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nWhite was born on May 2, 1943, in [Thief River Falls, Minnesota](/wiki/Thief_River_Falls%2C_Minnesota \"Thief River Falls, Minnesota\"), and moved to Vermont in 1972\\. She currently lives in [Putney, Vermont](/wiki/Putney%2C_Vermont \"Putney, Vermont\"), with her husband, Bill White. They have two adult children, Laurie and Josh.\n\nWhite received a bachelor's degree in 1965 from the [University of Iowa](/wiki/University_of_Iowa \"University of Iowa\") in political science and sociology. She earned a master's degree in 1972 from [Southern Illinois University Carbondale](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale \"Southern Illinois University Carbondale\") in community development and community education.\n\n",
"State senator\n-------------\n\nWhite served as the chair of the Senate Committee on Government Operations and as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary and the Government Accountability Committee. White also served as one of three state senators on the Judicial Nominating Board.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1943 births](/wiki/Category:1943_births \"1943 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People from Thief River Falls, Minnesota](/wiki/Category:People_from_Thief_River_Falls%2C_Minnesota \"People from Thief River Falls, Minnesota\")\n[Category:Democratic Party Vermont state senators](/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_Vermont_state_senators \"Democratic Party Vermont state senators\")\n[Category:Women state legislators in Vermont](/wiki/Category:Women_state_legislators_in_Vermont \"Women state legislators in Vermont\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American legislators](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_legislators \"21st-century American legislators\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American women politicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_politicians \"21st-century American women politicians\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Rosalía Gonzalo
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
50d1sc0ar79ucfaulc31xs90zr1ib7w
|
2024-08-31T23:17:54Z
| 1,242,146,053 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Rosalía Gonzalo López** (born 1969\\) is a Spanish politician, member of the [People's Party](/wiki/People%27s_Party_%28Spain%29 \"People's Party (Spain)\") (PP).\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nBorn on 2 May 1969 in [Guadalajara](/wiki/Guadalajara%2C_Spain \"Guadalajara, Spain\"). She graduated in Sociology in the [Universidad Complutense de Madrid](/wiki/Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid \"Universidad Complutense de Madrid\"). She was chief of staff of [Cristina Cifuentes](/wiki/Cristina_Cifuentes \"Cristina Cifuentes\") when the later was in charge of the [Delegation of the Government in the Community of Madrid](/wiki/Government_Delegation_%28Spain%29 \"Government Delegation (Spain)\") (2012–2015\\). Elected as MP in the [2015 regional election](/wiki/2015_Madrilenian_regional_election \"2015 Madrilenian regional election\") within the People's Party list, she became First Secretary of the regional parliament's board. In the midst of a reshuffle of the regional government, Cifuentes appointed her as Minister of Transport, Housing and Infrastructures of [her cabinet](/wiki/Cifuentes_Government \"Cifuentes Government\") in September 2017\\. She kept the same office in the new [Garrido cabinet](/wiki/Garrido_Government \"Garrido Government\") formed in May 2018\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Members of the 9th Assembly of Madrid](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_9th_Assembly_of_Madrid \"Members of the 9th Assembly of Madrid\")\n[Category:Members of the 10th Assembly of Madrid](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_10th_Assembly_of_Madrid \"Members of the 10th Assembly of Madrid\")\n[Category:People from Guadalajara, Spain](/wiki/Category:People_from_Guadalajara%2C_Spain \"People from Guadalajara, Spain\")\n[Category:Complutense University of Madrid alumni](/wiki/Category:Complutense_University_of_Madrid_alumni \"Complutense University of Madrid alumni\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Spanish women politicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Spanish_women_politicians \"21st-century Spanish women politicians\")\n[Category:People's Party (Spain) politicians](/wiki/Category:People%27s_Party_%28Spain%29_politicians \"People's Party (Spain) politicians\")\n[Category:1969 births](/wiki/Category:1969_births \"1969 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Government ministers of the Community of Madrid](/wiki/Category:Government_ministers_of_the_Community_of_Madrid \"Government ministers of the Community of Madrid\")\n[Category:First secretaries of the Assembly of Madrid](/wiki/Category:First_secretaries_of_the_Assembly_of_Madrid \"First secretaries of the Assembly of Madrid\")\n[Category:Members of the People's Parliamentary Group (Assembly of Madrid)](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_People%27s_Parliamentary_Group_%28Assembly_of_Madrid%29 \"Members of the People's Parliamentary Group (Assembly of Madrid)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Lékabi-Léwolo (department)
|
{
"id": [
13501746
],
"name": [
"HapHaxion"
]
}
|
9aiwo28fc82l5k5rpp0f7kvc8rr53xq
|
2023-08-31T14:27:09Z
| 1,173,138,814 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
" \n\n**Lékabi\\-Léwolo** is a [department](/wiki/Departments_of_Gabon \"Departments of Gabon\") of [Haut\\-Ogooué Province](/wiki/Haut-Ogoou%C3%A9_Province \"Haut-Ogooué Province\") in [Gabon](/wiki/Gabon \"Gabon\"). It had a population of 4,914 in 2013\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Departments of Gabon](/wiki/Category:Departments_of_Gabon \"Departments of Gabon\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Miguel Thiré
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
bmptqlh5divqec56txhqqg7hvdu28f2
|
2023-07-19T16:35:08Z
| 1,095,005,995 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Filmography",
"Television",
"Film",
"Stage",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Miguel Pesce Thiré** (born July 8, 1982\\) is a Brazilian actor.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nThiré was born in [Rio de Janeiro](/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro \"Rio de Janeiro\"), Brazil. He is the son of actor Cecil Thiré with theater producer Norma Thiré, brother of the actors Luísa Thiré and Carlos Thiré and also of the musician João Thiré, grandchildren of the actress [Tônia Carrero](/wiki/T%C3%B4nia_Carrero \"Tônia Carrero\") and the artist [Carlos Arthur Thiré](/wiki/Carlos_Arthur_Thir%C3%A9 \"Carlos Arthur Thiré\").\n\nHe currently lives in Portugal since the beginning of the 2016 recording of the telenovela \"[A Impostora](/wiki/A_Impostora \"A Impostora\")\" on [TVI](/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_Independente \"Televisão Independente\"), the leading audience channel in Portugal.\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2000 | *[Malhação](/wiki/Malha%C3%A7%C3%A3o \"Malhação\")* | Jacaré | Season 7 |\n| 2001 | *[Porto dos Milagres](/wiki/Porto_dos_Milagres \"Porto dos Milagres\")* | Alfredo Henrique | |\n| 2002 | *[O Quinto dos Infernos](/wiki/O_Quinto_dos_Infernos \"O Quinto dos Infernos\")* | Augusto de Beauharnais | |\n| *[Desejos de Mulher](/wiki/Desejos_de_Mulher \"Desejos de Mulher\")* | Diogo (young) | |\n| *[Malhação](/wiki/Malha%C3%A7%C3%A3o \"Malhação\")* | Charles Junior | Season 9 |\n| 2004 | *Sob Nova Direção* | Bruno | Episode: \"Seu Filho, Meu Tesouro\" |\n| 2006 | *[Cobras \\& Lagartos](/wiki/Cobras_%26_Lagartos \"Cobras & Lagartos\")* | Otaviano Pacheco (young) | |\n| *Paixões Proibidas* | Simão de Azevedo | |\n| 2008 | *Mateus, o Balconista* | | |\n| *[Casos e Acasos](/wiki/Casos_e_Acasos \"Casos e Acasos\")* | Adriano | Episode: \"O Carro, o E\\-mail e o Rapper\" |\n| 2009 | *[Poder Paralelo](/wiki/Poder_Paralelo \"Poder Paralelo\")* | Douglas Arno (*Dog*) | |\n| 2011 | *[Sansão e Dalila](/wiki/Sans%C3%A3o_e_Dalila \"Sansão e Dalila\")* | Faruk | |\n| 2013 | *Copa Hotel* | Frederico Gonzales (*Fred*) | |\n| 2014 | *[Em Família](/wiki/Em_Fam%C3%ADlia \"Em Família\")* | Gabriel | |\n| 2016–present | *[A Impostora](/wiki/A_Impostora \"A Impostora\")* | Lucas Accioly | |\n|\n\n### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | *Didi – O Caçador de Tesouro* | Lukas Walker |\n| 2009 | *Vida de Balconista* | Miguel |\n| 2012 | *A Memória Que Me Contam* | Eduardo |\n| 2013 | *O Inventor de Sonhos* | Luís Bernardo[Triângulo amoroso do filme de Ricardo Nauemberg é completo por Miguel Thiré](http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/entretenimento/sheron-menezes-e-icaro-silva-estrelam-o-inventor-de-sonhos) |\n| 2016 | *Atira\\-te ao Rio* (Short film) | [Letícia Spiller, Maureen Miranda, Simone Spoladore e Miguel Thiré terminam gravações em Portugal](http://www.lux.iol.pt/internacional/nacional/leticia-spiller-maureen-miranda-simone-spoladore-e-miguel-thire-terminam-gravacoes-em-portugal) |\n|\n\n",
"### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2000 | *[Malhação](/wiki/Malha%C3%A7%C3%A3o \"Malhação\")* | Jacaré | Season 7 |\n| 2001 | *[Porto dos Milagres](/wiki/Porto_dos_Milagres \"Porto dos Milagres\")* | Alfredo Henrique | |\n| 2002 | *[O Quinto dos Infernos](/wiki/O_Quinto_dos_Infernos \"O Quinto dos Infernos\")* | Augusto de Beauharnais | |\n| *[Desejos de Mulher](/wiki/Desejos_de_Mulher \"Desejos de Mulher\")* | Diogo (young) | |\n| *[Malhação](/wiki/Malha%C3%A7%C3%A3o \"Malhação\")* | Charles Junior | Season 9 |\n| 2004 | *Sob Nova Direção* | Bruno | Episode: \"Seu Filho, Meu Tesouro\" |\n| 2006 | *[Cobras \\& Lagartos](/wiki/Cobras_%26_Lagartos \"Cobras & Lagartos\")* | Otaviano Pacheco (young) | |\n| *Paixões Proibidas* | Simão de Azevedo | |\n| 2008 | *Mateus, o Balconista* | | |\n| *[Casos e Acasos](/wiki/Casos_e_Acasos \"Casos e Acasos\")* | Adriano | Episode: \"O Carro, o E\\-mail e o Rapper\" |\n| 2009 | *[Poder Paralelo](/wiki/Poder_Paralelo \"Poder Paralelo\")* | Douglas Arno (*Dog*) | |\n| 2011 | *[Sansão e Dalila](/wiki/Sans%C3%A3o_e_Dalila \"Sansão e Dalila\")* | Faruk | |\n| 2013 | *Copa Hotel* | Frederico Gonzales (*Fred*) | |\n| 2014 | *[Em Família](/wiki/Em_Fam%C3%ADlia \"Em Família\")* | Gabriel | |\n| 2016–present | *[A Impostora](/wiki/A_Impostora \"A Impostora\")* | Lucas Accioly | |\n|\n\n",
"### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | *Didi – O Caçador de Tesouro* | Lukas Walker |\n| 2009 | *Vida de Balconista* | Miguel |\n| 2012 | *A Memória Que Me Contam* | Eduardo |\n| 2013 | *O Inventor de Sonhos* | Luís Bernardo[Triângulo amoroso do filme de Ricardo Nauemberg é completo por Miguel Thiré](http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/entretenimento/sheron-menezes-e-icaro-silva-estrelam-o-inventor-de-sonhos) |\n| 2016 | *Atira\\-te ao Rio* (Short film) | [Letícia Spiller, Maureen Miranda, Simone Spoladore e Miguel Thiré terminam gravações em Portugal](http://www.lux.iol.pt/internacional/nacional/leticia-spiller-maureen-miranda-simone-spoladore-e-miguel-thire-terminam-gravacoes-em-portugal) |\n|\n\n",
"Stage\n-----\n\n| Year | Title |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2000 | *Tango, Bolero e Chá\\-Chá\\-Chá*[Tango, Bolero e Cha Cha Cha é uma comédia de boulevard com desfecho de teatro de revista](http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/28/diversaoearte/teatro_tango.htm) |\n| 2003 | *Balada*[Os atores falaram sobre a peça \"Balada\", que está em cartaz em São Paulo.](http://tc.batepapo.uol.com.br/convidados/arquivo/teatro/juliana-baroni-e-miguel-thire-atores-da-peca-balada.jhtm) |\n| 2004 | *Beijo na Boca* |\n| 2006 | *Superiores* (actor, author e director)[Miguel Thiré estréia como diretor](http://www.ofuxico.com.br/noticias-sobre-famosos/miguel-thire-estreia-como-diretor/2006/03/08-22179.html) |\n| 2008 | *2 p/ Viagem* (actor, author e director)[Miguel Thiré e Matheus Solano vivem 16 personagens em '2 p/ viagem'](http://www.jb.com.br/cultura/noticias/2008/04/17/miguel-thire-e-matheus-solano-vivem-16-personagens-em-2-p-viagem/) |\n| *Otelo*[Na peça Otelo, A boa surpresa da encenação atende pelo nome de Miguel Thiré](http://www.jb.com.br/cultura/noticias/2008/03/15/diogo-vilela-da-vida-a-iago-vilao-da-peca-otelo/) |\n| 2011–12 | *Os Altruístas* |\n| 2012 | *O que você gostaria que ficasse?* (author e director) [O que você gostaria que ficasse? A concepção e direção é do Miguel Thiré](http://rioshow.oglobo.globo.com/teatro-e-danca/pecas/o-que-voce-gostaria-que-ficasse-5417.aspx) |\n| 2014–15 | *Selfie*[Mateus Solano e Miguel Thiré estrelam \"Selfie\"](http://www.boadiversao.com.br/guia/rio-de-janeiro/arteeteatro/noticia/id/71400/mateus_solano_e_miguel_thire_estrelam_selfie) |\n| 2015 | *Os Ordinários* (actor, author e director)[Miguel Thiré faz sua estreia em monólogos com 'Os Ordinários'](http://redeglobo.globo.com/globoteatro/reportagens/noticia/2015/08/miguel-thire-faz-sua-estreia-em-monologos-com-os-ordinarios.html) |\n| 2016 | *O Cara* (director) |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1982 births](/wiki/Category:1982_births \"1982 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Male actors from Rio de Janeiro (city)](/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_Rio_de_Janeiro_%28city%29 \"Male actors from Rio de Janeiro (city)\")\n[Category:Brazilian people of French descent](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_people_of_French_descent \"Brazilian people of French descent\")\n[Category:Brazilian people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_people_of_Italian_descent \"Brazilian people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:Brazilian male television actors](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_male_television_actors \"Brazilian male television actors\")\n[Category:Brazilian male film actors](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_male_film_actors \"Brazilian male film actors\")\n[Category:Brazilian male stage actors](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_male_stage_actors \"Brazilian male stage actors\")\n[Category:Brazilian emigrants to Portugal](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_emigrants_to_Portugal \"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Boumdeid (department)
|
{
"id": [
30645640
],
"name": [
"Afus199620"
]
}
|
pr0rtblqs997imsnkut7fa3d2c8lb4z
|
2024-02-16T17:13:54Z
| 1,208,163,307 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"List of municipalities in the department",
"References",
"Constituency"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
" \n\n**Boumdeid** is a [department](/wiki/Departments_of_Mauritania \"Departments of Mauritania\") of [Assaba Region](/wiki/Assaba \"Assaba\") in [Mauritania](/wiki/Mauritania \"Mauritania\").\n\n",
"List of municipalities in the department\n----------------------------------------\n\nThe Boumdeid department is made up of following municipalities:\n\n* [Boumdeid](/wiki/Boumdeid \"Boumdeid\")\n* [Hsey Tin](/wiki/Hsey_Tine \"Hsey Tine\")\n* [Laftah](/wiki/Laftah \"Laftah\")\n\nIn 2013, the entire population of the Boumdeid Department has a total of 7,917 inhabitants (3,860 men and 4,057 women).\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Constituency\n------------\n\nBoumdeid Constituency occupies less area than the department. In 2018 there were a total of 31,419 registered voters and they have 1 seat in congress.\n\n[Category:Departments of Mauritania](/wiki/Category:Departments_of_Mauritania \"Departments of Mauritania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Swimming at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle
|
{
"id": [
7098284
],
"name": [
"Tassedethe"
]
}
|
oihm3x9yxhmgk3ftguk359y3sz1uu2b
|
2022-12-06T01:15:45Z
| 1,122,816,647 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Records",
"Results",
"Heats",
"Semifinals",
"Semifinal 1",
"Semifinal 2",
"Final",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
4,
4,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Men's 50 metre freestyle** event at the [2018 Commonwealth Games](/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games \"2018 Commonwealth Games\") was held on 9 and 10 April at the [Gold Coast Aquatic Centre](/wiki/Gold_Coast_Aquatic_Centre \"Gold Coast Aquatic Centre\").\n\n",
"Records\n-------\n\nPrior to this competition, the existing world, Commonwealth and Games records were as follows:\n\nThe following records were established during the competition:\n\n| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 9 April | Heats | [Benjamin Proud](/wiki/Benjamin_Proud \"Benjamin Proud\") | | 21\\.45 | **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\")** |\n| 9 April | Semifinal | [Benjamin Proud](/wiki/Benjamin_Proud \"Benjamin Proud\") | | 21\\.30 | **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\")** |\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n### Heats\n\nThe 16 fastest swimmers in the heats qualified for the semifinals.[Heats results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C74A_SWMM50MFR-------------HEAT--------.pdf)\n\n| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 8 | 4 | | 21\\.45 | Q, **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\")** |\n 2 | 6 | 4 | | 21\\.78 | Q |\n 3 | 7 | 4 | | 22\\.06 | Q |\n 4 | 8 | 5 | | 22\\.11 | Q |\n 5 | 8 | 3 | | 22\\.12 | Q |\n 6 | 7 | 5 | | | 22\\.23 | Q |\n 7 | 6 | 5 | | 22\\.25 | Q |\n 8 | 6 | 3 | | 22\\.32 | Q |\n 9 | 7 | 3 | | 22\\.40 | Q |\n 10 | 6 | 6 | | 22\\.48 | Q |\n 11 | 8 | 7 | | 22\\.50 | Q |\n 12 | 8 | 2 | 22\\.53 | Q |\n 13 | 7 | 8 | | 22\\.65 | Q, **[NR](/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_records_in_swimming \"List of Sri Lankan records in swimming\")** |\n 14 | 6 | 1 | | 22\\.79 | Q |\n 15 | 8 | 6 | | 22\\.80 | Q |\n 16 | 7 | 6 | | 22\\.93 | Q || 17 | 7 | 2 | | 22\\.94 | |\n| 18 | 8 | 8 | | 22\\.96 | |\n| 19 | 6 | 2 | | 23\\.11 | |\n| 20 | 7 | 1 | | 23\\.19 | |\n| 21 | 6 | 8 | | 23\\.29 | |\n| 22 | 5 | 3 | | 23\\.33 | |\n| 23 | 4 | 4 | | 23\\.45 | |\n| 24 | 5 | 2 | | 23\\.47 | |\n| 25 | 6 | 7 | | 23\\.50 | |\n| 26 | 5 | 4 | | 23\\.58 | |\n| 27 | 5 | 5 | | 23\\.73 | |\n| 28 | 4 | 1 | | 23\\.75 | |\n| 29 | 5 | 6 | | 23\\.80 | |\n| 30 | 3 | 4 | | 24\\.01 | |\n| 31 | 5 | 7 | 24\\.07 | |\n| 32 | 4 | 5 | | 24\\.12 | |\n| 33 | 5 | 8 | | 24\\.14 | |\n| 34 | 2 | 4 | | 24\\.19 | |\n| 35 | 5 | 1 | | 24\\.25 | |\n| 36 | 8 | 1 | | 24\\.29 | |\n| 37 | 4 | 3 | | 24\\.37 | |\n| 38 | 4 | 6 | | 24\\.38 | |\n| 39 | 4 | 7 | | 24\\.52 | |\n| 40 | 3 | 6 | | 24\\.68 | |\n| 41 | 3 | 1 | | 24\\.72 | |\n| 42 | 2 | 5 | | 24\\.77 | |\n| 43 | 4 | 2 | | 24\\.82 | |\n| 44 | 3 | 5 | | 24\\.87 | |\n| 45 | 3 | 7 | | 24\\.88 | |\n| 45 | 4 | 8 | | 24\\.88 | |\n| 47 | 2 | 6 | | 24\\.93 | |\n| 48 | 2 | 3 | | | 25\\.15 | |\n| 49 | 2 | 2 | | 25\\.42 | |\n| 50 | 3 | 8 | | 25\\.44 | |\n| 51 | 2 | 7 | | 25\\.57 | |\n| 52 | 2 | 1 | | 25\\.71 | |\n| 53 | 3 | 2 | | 25\\.96 | |\n| 54 | 1 | 7 | | 26\\.07 | |\n| 55 | 2 | 8 | | 26\\.15 | |\n| 56 | 1 | 5 | | 26\\.28 | |\n| 57 | 1 | 4 | | 26\\.47 | |\n| 58 | 3 | 3 | | 27\\.07 | |\n| 59 | 1 | 6 | | 27\\.88 | |\n| | 1 | 2 | | | |\n| | 7 | 7 | | | |\n| | 1 | 3 | | | |\n\n### Semifinals\n\nThe eight fastest swimmers from the semifinals progressed to the final.[Semifinals results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C74A_SWMM50MFR-------------SFNL--------.pdf)\n\n#### Semifinal 1\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.92 | Q |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.11 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.20 | Q || 4 | 6 | | | 22\\.34 | |\n| 5 | 7 | | 22\\.39 | |\n| 6 | 2 | | | 22\\.49 | |\n| 7 | 1 | | | 22\\.55 | |\n| 8 | 8 | | | 23\\.13 | |\n\n#### Semifinal 2\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.30 | Q, **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\"), [NR](/wiki/List_of_British_records_in_swimming \"List of British records in swimming\")** |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.00 | Q |\n 3 | 2 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 5 | 6 | | | 22\\.15 | Q || 6 | 7 | | | 22\\.60 | |\n| 7 | 8 | | | 22\\.80 | |\n| 8 | 1 | | | 22\\.84 | |\n\n### Final\n\nThe final was held on 10 April at 19:45\\.[Final results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C73A1_SWMM50MFR-------------FNL-000100--.pdf)\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 4 | | | 21\\.35 | |\n| | 5 | | | 21\\.81 | |\n| | 3 | | | 21\\.92 | |\n| 4 | 1 | | | 22\\.00 | |\n| 5 | 6 | | | 22\\.03 | |\n| 6 | 8 | | | 22\\.05 | |\n| 7 | 7 | | | 22\\.15 | |\n| 8 | 2 | | | 22\\.25 | |\n\n",
"### Heats\n\nThe 16 fastest swimmers in the heats qualified for the semifinals.[Heats results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C74A_SWMM50MFR-------------HEAT--------.pdf)\n\n| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 8 | 4 | | 21\\.45 | Q, **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\")** |\n 2 | 6 | 4 | | 21\\.78 | Q |\n 3 | 7 | 4 | | 22\\.06 | Q |\n 4 | 8 | 5 | | 22\\.11 | Q |\n 5 | 8 | 3 | | 22\\.12 | Q |\n 6 | 7 | 5 | | | 22\\.23 | Q |\n 7 | 6 | 5 | | 22\\.25 | Q |\n 8 | 6 | 3 | | 22\\.32 | Q |\n 9 | 7 | 3 | | 22\\.40 | Q |\n 10 | 6 | 6 | | 22\\.48 | Q |\n 11 | 8 | 7 | | 22\\.50 | Q |\n 12 | 8 | 2 | 22\\.53 | Q |\n 13 | 7 | 8 | | 22\\.65 | Q, **[NR](/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_records_in_swimming \"List of Sri Lankan records in swimming\")** |\n 14 | 6 | 1 | | 22\\.79 | Q |\n 15 | 8 | 6 | | 22\\.80 | Q |\n 16 | 7 | 6 | | 22\\.93 | Q || 17 | 7 | 2 | | 22\\.94 | |\n| 18 | 8 | 8 | | 22\\.96 | |\n| 19 | 6 | 2 | | 23\\.11 | |\n| 20 | 7 | 1 | | 23\\.19 | |\n| 21 | 6 | 8 | | 23\\.29 | |\n| 22 | 5 | 3 | | 23\\.33 | |\n| 23 | 4 | 4 | | 23\\.45 | |\n| 24 | 5 | 2 | | 23\\.47 | |\n| 25 | 6 | 7 | | 23\\.50 | |\n| 26 | 5 | 4 | | 23\\.58 | |\n| 27 | 5 | 5 | | 23\\.73 | |\n| 28 | 4 | 1 | | 23\\.75 | |\n| 29 | 5 | 6 | | 23\\.80 | |\n| 30 | 3 | 4 | | 24\\.01 | |\n| 31 | 5 | 7 | 24\\.07 | |\n| 32 | 4 | 5 | | 24\\.12 | |\n| 33 | 5 | 8 | | 24\\.14 | |\n| 34 | 2 | 4 | | 24\\.19 | |\n| 35 | 5 | 1 | | 24\\.25 | |\n| 36 | 8 | 1 | | 24\\.29 | |\n| 37 | 4 | 3 | | 24\\.37 | |\n| 38 | 4 | 6 | | 24\\.38 | |\n| 39 | 4 | 7 | | 24\\.52 | |\n| 40 | 3 | 6 | | 24\\.68 | |\n| 41 | 3 | 1 | | 24\\.72 | |\n| 42 | 2 | 5 | | 24\\.77 | |\n| 43 | 4 | 2 | | 24\\.82 | |\n| 44 | 3 | 5 | | 24\\.87 | |\n| 45 | 3 | 7 | | 24\\.88 | |\n| 45 | 4 | 8 | | 24\\.88 | |\n| 47 | 2 | 6 | | 24\\.93 | |\n| 48 | 2 | 3 | | | 25\\.15 | |\n| 49 | 2 | 2 | | 25\\.42 | |\n| 50 | 3 | 8 | | 25\\.44 | |\n| 51 | 2 | 7 | | 25\\.57 | |\n| 52 | 2 | 1 | | 25\\.71 | |\n| 53 | 3 | 2 | | 25\\.96 | |\n| 54 | 1 | 7 | | 26\\.07 | |\n| 55 | 2 | 8 | | 26\\.15 | |\n| 56 | 1 | 5 | | 26\\.28 | |\n| 57 | 1 | 4 | | 26\\.47 | |\n| 58 | 3 | 3 | | 27\\.07 | |\n| 59 | 1 | 6 | | 27\\.88 | |\n| | 1 | 2 | | | |\n| | 7 | 7 | | | |\n| | 1 | 3 | | | |\n\n",
"### Semifinals\n\nThe eight fastest swimmers from the semifinals progressed to the final.[Semifinals results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C74A_SWMM50MFR-------------SFNL--------.pdf)\n\n#### Semifinal 1\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.92 | Q |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.11 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.20 | Q || 4 | 6 | | | 22\\.34 | |\n| 5 | 7 | | 22\\.39 | |\n| 6 | 2 | | | 22\\.49 | |\n| 7 | 1 | | | 22\\.55 | |\n| 8 | 8 | | | 23\\.13 | |\n\n#### Semifinal 2\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.30 | Q, **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\"), [NR](/wiki/List_of_British_records_in_swimming \"List of British records in swimming\")** |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.00 | Q |\n 3 | 2 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 5 | 6 | | | 22\\.15 | Q || 6 | 7 | | | 22\\.60 | |\n| 7 | 8 | | | 22\\.80 | |\n| 8 | 1 | | | 22\\.84 | |\n\n",
"#### Semifinal 1\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.92 | Q |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.11 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.20 | Q || 4 | 6 | | | 22\\.34 | |\n| 5 | 7 | | 22\\.39 | |\n| 6 | 2 | | | 22\\.49 | |\n| 7 | 1 | | | 22\\.55 | |\n| 8 | 8 | | | 23\\.13 | |\n\n",
"#### Semifinal 2\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 4 | | | 21\\.30 | Q, **[GR](/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_records_in_swimming \"List of Commonwealth Games records in swimming\"), [NR](/wiki/List_of_British_records_in_swimming \"List of British records in swimming\")** |\n 2 | 5 | | | 22\\.00 | Q |\n 3 | 2 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 3 | 3 | | | 22\\.09 | Q |\n 5 | 6 | | | 22\\.15 | Q || 6 | 7 | | | 22\\.60 | |\n| 7 | 8 | | | 22\\.80 | |\n| 8 | 1 | | | 22\\.84 | |\n\n",
"### Final\n\nThe final was held on 10 April at 19:45\\.[Final results](https://results.gc2018.com/resCG2018-/pdf/CG2018-/SWM/CG2018-_SWM_C73A1_SWMM50MFR-------------FNL-000100--.pdf)\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 4 | | | 21\\.35 | |\n| | 5 | | | 21\\.81 | |\n| | 3 | | | 21\\.92 | |\n| 4 | 1 | | | 22\\.00 | |\n| 5 | 6 | | | 22\\.03 | |\n| 6 | 8 | | | 22\\.05 | |\n| 7 | 7 | | | 22\\.15 | |\n| 8 | 2 | | | 22\\.25 | |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Men's 50 metre freestyle](/wiki/Category:Swimming_at_the_2018_Commonwealth_Games \"Swimming at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\")\n[Commonwealth Games](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_50_metre_freestyle \"Men's 50 metre freestyle\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bobadilla
|
{
"id": [
23646674
],
"name": [
"Cewbot"
]
}
|
5ytt9hkz89pb82l5eu200cacolc9mm9
|
2023-08-03T11:46:27Z
| 948,650,995 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"People",
"Places"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Bobadilla** may refer to:\n\n",
"People\n------\n\n* [Bobadilla (surname)](/wiki/Bobadilla_%28surname%29 \"Bobadilla (surname)\")\n",
"Places\n------\n\n* [Bobadilla, Chile](/wiki/Bobadilla%2C_Chile \"Bobadilla, Chile\"), a [town in](/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Chile%23Maule_Region_%2835%29 \"List of towns in Chile#Maule Region (35)\") [Maule Region](/wiki/Maule_Region \"Maule Region\"), Chile\n* [Bobadilla, La Rioja](/wiki/Bobadilla%2C_La_Rioja \"Bobadilla, La Rioja\"), a municipality in La Rioja, Spain\n* [Bobadilla, Antequera](/wiki/Bobadilla%2C_Antequera \"Bobadilla, Antequera\"), a village in Andalusia, Spain\n\t+ [Bobadilla railway station](/wiki/Bobadilla_railway_station \"Bobadilla railway station\")\n* [Bobadilla del Campo](/wiki/Bobadilla_del_Campo \"Bobadilla del Campo\") (or Bobadilla), a municipality in Castile and León, Spain\n\n"
]
}
|
White Ensign F.C.
|
{
"id": [
327289
],
"name": [
"Number 57"
]
}
|
dqvg059plzmbz819jab21pq0bof1m2t
|
2024-06-07T23:58:11Z
| 1,226,381,364 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Ground",
"Honours",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**White Ensign Football Club** is a [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") club based in [Southend\\-on\\-Sea](/wiki/Southend-on-Sea \"Southend-on-Sea\"), Essex, England. They are currently members of the and play at Burroughs Park in [Great Wakering](/wiki/Great_Wakering \"Great Wakering\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe club was formed in 1951,\"The Unpromotables\", [FourFourTwo](/wiki/FourFourTwo \"FourFourTwo\"), issue 152, April 2007 and is named after the British [naval ensign](/wiki/Naval_ensign \"Naval ensign\") of [the same name](/wiki/White_Ensign \"White Ensign\"), which is incorporated into the club's badge. They played in the Southend Borough Combination until joining Division Two of the [Essex Intermediate League](/wiki/Essex_Olympian_Football_League \"Essex Olympian Football League\") in 2002, going on to win the division at the first attempt, earning promotion to Division One. The season also saw them win the Capital Counties Feeder League Trophy and the league's Senior Cup. They were Division One champions the following season, as well as retaining the Senior Cup and winning the Senior Challenge Cup. In 2004–05 the club retained the league title and Senior Challenge Cup. The league was renamed the Essex Olympian League in 2005\\.\n\nWhite Ensign won the Capital Counties Feeder League Trophy for a second time in 2005–06\\. The following season they were Division One champions for a third time, as well as retaining the Capital Counties Feeder Trophy. Division One was then renamed the Premier Division, and the club retained the league title in 2007–08, also winning the Essex Premier Cup.[White Ensign](http://eofl.co.uk/club-directory/white-ensign/) Essex Olympian League The following season saw them win the Senior Challenge Cup for a third time. However, this marked the end of their period of success and the club finished second\\-from\\-bottom of the Premier Division in 2013–14, resulting in relegation to Division One. They were Division One champions the following season and were promoted straight back to the Premier Division. At the end of the 2017–18 season the club moved up to the newly created Division One South of the [Eastern Counties League](/wiki/Eastern_Counties_Football_League \"Eastern Counties Football League\").\n\nIn 2021 the club were promoted to the [Essex Senior League](/wiki/Essex_Senior_Football_League \"Essex Senior Football League\") based on their results in the abandoned [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Eastern_Counties_Football_League \"2019–20 Eastern Counties Football League\") and [2020–21 seasons](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Eastern_Counties_Football_League \"2020–21 Eastern Counties Football League\").\n\n",
"Ground\n------\n\nIn 2002 White Ensign moved to the Len Forge Centre in Southend after being admitted to the Essex Olympian League. The centre had been the home of the Southend Borough Combination since 1981\\. A small stand was built in 1985, but was damaged in the [Great Storm of 1987](/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1987 \"Great Storm of 1987\").Jon Weaver (2005\\) The Football Grounds of Rural Essex, p91 A covered stand was later erected, with two uncovered stands with bench seating built on each side. After White Ensign moved into the ground, the three stands were replaced with two seated stands either side of a new changing room block.\n\nIn order to move up to the Essex Senior League in 2018, the club relocated to Basildon Sporting Village, an athletics stadium originally known as the Gloucester Park Bowl.\"White Ensign\", *Groundtastic*, Autumn 2018, p14 It had originally been planned as a 21,000\\-capacity stadium in the 1950s (9,000 seated, 12,000 standing), but eventually opened with only a 200\\-seat uncovered stand. [Basildon United](/wiki/Basildon_United_F.C. \"Basildon United F.C.\") moved into the ground in 1967, and a roof was added to the stand.Weaver, p53 After Basildon United left in 1970, the ground was used by clubs playing in the Southend \\& District League, Olympian League club Herongate Athletic, and the Essex Eels [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\") club. In 2011 the ground was upgraded, with a 750\\-seat stand built.\n\nAhead of the [2019–20 season](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Eastern_Counties_Football_League \"2019–20 Eastern Counties Football League\"), White Ensign entered a groundsharing agreement with [Great Wakering Rovers](/wiki/Great_Wakering_Rovers_F.C. \"Great Wakering Rovers F.C.\") at their Burroughs Park ground.\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n* **Essex Olympian League**\n\t+ Champions 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2007–08\n\t+ Division Two champions 2002–03\n\t+ Senior Cup winners 2002–03, 2003–04\n\t+ Senior Challenge Cup winners 2003–04, 2004–05, 2007–08\n* **Essex Premier Cup**\n\t+ Winners 2007–08\n* **Capital Counties Feeder League Trophy**\n\t+ Winners 2002–03, 2005–06, 2006–07\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [White Ensign](/wiki/White_Ensign \"White Ensign\")\n* [White Ensign F.C. players](/wiki/White_Ensign_F.C._players \"White Ensign F.C. players\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Football clubs in England](/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_England \"Football clubs in England\")\n[Category:Football clubs in Essex](/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Essex \"Football clubs in Essex\")\n[Category:1951 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1951_establishments_in_England \"1951 establishments in England\")\n[Category:Association football clubs established in 1951](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_established_in_1951 \"Association football clubs established in 1951\")\n[Category:Southend Borough Combination](/wiki/Category:Southend_Borough_Combination \"Southend Borough Combination\")\n[Category:Essex Olympian Football League](/wiki/Category:Essex_Olympian_Football_League \"Essex Olympian Football League\")\n[Category:Eastern Counties Football League](/wiki/Category:Eastern_Counties_Football_League \"Eastern Counties Football League\")\n[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Southend\\-on\\-Sea](/wiki/Category:Sports_clubs_and_teams_in_Southend-on-Sea \"Sports clubs and teams in Southend-on-Sea\")\n[Category:Essex Senior Football League](/wiki/Category:Essex_Senior_Football_League \"Essex Senior Football League\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Posted oil price
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
3pio5kaz8ch75p02hsyi3kmkd7v4eoz
|
2024-01-26T04:28:11Z
| 1,114,532,871 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Origins",
"History",
"1950s: Profit-sharing",
"OPEC",
"Price fluctuation",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
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"\n\nThe **posted price** of oil was the price at which oil companies offered to purchase oil from oil\\-producing governments. This price was set by the oil companies and used to calculate the share of oil revenues that oil\\-producing countries would receive. Between 1957 and 1972, the posted price was greater than the market price of [crude oil](/wiki/Crude_oil \"Crude oil\"). Between 1961 and 1970 the market price hovered between $1\\.30 and $1\\.50 per barrel, while the posted price was a constant $1\\.80\\.\n\n",
"Origins\n-------\n\nBefore [Standard Oil](/wiki/Standard_Oil \"Standard Oil\") was [broken up by the United States Supreme Court](/wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New_Jersey_v._United_States \"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States\") in 1911, they used to \"post\" the price they were willing to pay for crude oil. Until 1895, crude oil was sold on the exchange at [Oil City, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Oil_City%2C_Pennsylvania \"Oil City, Pennsylvania\"), but in January 1895 the Seep Purchasing Company, which purchased 80% of [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\") and [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\")s crude oil production for Standard Oil, posted a notice that the price of oil would \"be as high as the market of the world will justify, but will not necessarily be the price bill on the exchange for certificate oil\".\n\nThe system continued after 1911 where large buyers would post a fixed buying price. Historically, the posted price in the Middle East, or [Venezuela](/wiki/History_of_the_Venezuelan_oil_industry \"History of the Venezuelan oil industry\") was calculated based on the [CIF](/wiki/Incoterms%23Cost%2C_Insurance_and_Freight \"Incoterms#Cost, Insurance and Freight\") [New York](/wiki/Mobil \"Mobil\") price, which was itself based on the [FOB](/wiki/FOB_%28shipping%29 \"FOB (shipping)\") [Gulf of Mexico](/wiki/Offshore_oil_and_gas_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_%28United_States%29 \"Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)\") price. In other words, the posted price in New York was the FOB Gulf of Mexico price plus the cost of freight. Thus, if the posted price per barrel of crude oil was $3\\.16 in New York, after deducting the freight between New York and [Kuwait](/wiki/Kuwait \"Kuwait\") ($1\\.19\\) and the US tax on oil ($0\\.11 per barrel), the posted price in Kuwait would be $1\\.87 per barrel.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### 1950s: Profit\\-sharing\n\nBy the 1950s, fixed royalty payments had been replaced by 50\\-50 [profit sharing](/wiki/Profit_sharing \"Profit sharing\") arrangements following the [1950 ARAMCO deal](/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia \"History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia\"). The posted price, sometimes also called the published price, is not the price that is actually received by oil\\-producing governments. This price, historically set by the oil companies and later by [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\"), is used to calculate the taxes and royalties that will be paid to governments under profit\\-sharing agreements. The use of the posted price as a pricing basis for the 50\\-50 share agreements varied from country to country; the posted price was not adopted as the basis in Saudi Arabia until 1955, but had been used in [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq \"Iraq\") since the [Iraqi government](/wiki/Faisal_II_of_Iraq \"Faisal II of Iraq\")s revised [agreement](/wiki/Concession_%28contract%29 \"Concession (contract)\") with the [Iraqi Petroleum Company](/wiki/Iraqi_Petroleum_Company \"Iraqi Petroleum Company\") was negotiated in 1952\\.\n\n### OPEC\n\nAfter oil companies lowered the posted price, five oil producing countries formed [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\") in 1960: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq. In 1970 the price of crude oil was still $1\\.35 and the supply of oil exceeded demand. Due to a decline in value of the [US dollar](/wiki/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\") relative to [gold](/wiki/Gold_standard \"Gold standard\") in 1971, the Tehran Agreement of 1971 was amended to include an 8\\.49% increase in the posted price of oil. Additionally, the amended agreement further stipulated that every [quarter](/wiki/Fiscal_year \"Fiscal year\") the posting price would be adjusted based on an [index](/wiki/Stock_market_index \"Stock market index\") that would be calculated by comparing value changes in the currencies of nine major industrialized countries relative to the dollar. However, this indexing arrangement was canceled after the [1973 oil crisis](/wiki/1973_oil_crisis \"1973 oil crisis\"). The Tripoli Agreement of 1971 was signed by the OPEC members who exported across the Mediterranean, rather than through the [Persian Gulf](/wiki/Persian_Gulf \"Persian Gulf\") — namely [Libya](/wiki/Libya \"Libya\"), [Algeria](/wiki/Algeria \"Algeria\") and Iraq; not only did the posted price increase, but the profit sharing arrangement went from 50\\-50 to 55\\-45 in favor of the producing countries.\n\nDuring the 1973 oil crisis, OPEC turned down an offer to increase the posted price by 15%, instead raising it from $3\\.00 to $5\\.11 per barrel. Arab oil producers also decided to cut production and [embargoed](/wiki/Economic_sanctions \"Economic sanctions\") the United States. Soon after, at a meeting in Tehran in January 1974, OPEC raised the posted price again — this time, to $11\\.65 per barrel. Between the start of the [Arab\\-Israeli War of 1973](/wiki/Arab-Israeli_War_of_1973 \"Arab-Israeli War of 1973\") and the Tehran meeting the posted price of oil increased four\\-fold.\n\nBetween 1973 and 1980, the value of exports from Arab oil\\-producing countries increased from less than $23 billion to $220 billion. Saudi Arabia's exports rose from $8 billion to $108 billion in same time period. The oil\\-producing countries agreed to return to normal production levels in March 1974, and the price of crude oil \"froze\" until 1979\\. Although the posted price in 1978 was $12\\.70, after calculating for [inflation](/wiki/Inflation \"Inflation\") and currency fluctuations, the [real price of oil](/wiki/Real_price_of_oil \"Real price of oil\") purchased with [Japanese yen](/wiki/Japanese_yen \"Japanese yen\") was $6\\.67 in 1978, compared to $9\\.56 in 1974\\.\n\nA number of studies were published in the 1980s that attempted to show [causality](/wiki/Causality \"Causality\") between OPEC's posted price and the market price of oil.*See* Verleger ( 1982\\), Fitzgerald and Pollio ( 1984\\), Lowinger and Ram ( 1984\\), and Loderer ( 1985\\);*See also* [Samii, Weiner, and Wirl ( 1989\\)](https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:469437625$1i) for discussion of bidirectional causality.\n\n",
"### 1950s: Profit\\-sharing\n\nBy the 1950s, fixed royalty payments had been replaced by 50\\-50 [profit sharing](/wiki/Profit_sharing \"Profit sharing\") arrangements following the [1950 ARAMCO deal](/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia \"History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia\"). The posted price, sometimes also called the published price, is not the price that is actually received by oil\\-producing governments. This price, historically set by the oil companies and later by [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\"), is used to calculate the taxes and royalties that will be paid to governments under profit\\-sharing agreements. The use of the posted price as a pricing basis for the 50\\-50 share agreements varied from country to country; the posted price was not adopted as the basis in Saudi Arabia until 1955, but had been used in [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq \"Iraq\") since the [Iraqi government](/wiki/Faisal_II_of_Iraq \"Faisal II of Iraq\")s revised [agreement](/wiki/Concession_%28contract%29 \"Concession (contract)\") with the [Iraqi Petroleum Company](/wiki/Iraqi_Petroleum_Company \"Iraqi Petroleum Company\") was negotiated in 1952\\.\n\n",
"### OPEC\n\nAfter oil companies lowered the posted price, five oil producing countries formed [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\") in 1960: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq. In 1970 the price of crude oil was still $1\\.35 and the supply of oil exceeded demand. Due to a decline in value of the [US dollar](/wiki/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\") relative to [gold](/wiki/Gold_standard \"Gold standard\") in 1971, the Tehran Agreement of 1971 was amended to include an 8\\.49% increase in the posted price of oil. Additionally, the amended agreement further stipulated that every [quarter](/wiki/Fiscal_year \"Fiscal year\") the posting price would be adjusted based on an [index](/wiki/Stock_market_index \"Stock market index\") that would be calculated by comparing value changes in the currencies of nine major industrialized countries relative to the dollar. However, this indexing arrangement was canceled after the [1973 oil crisis](/wiki/1973_oil_crisis \"1973 oil crisis\"). The Tripoli Agreement of 1971 was signed by the OPEC members who exported across the Mediterranean, rather than through the [Persian Gulf](/wiki/Persian_Gulf \"Persian Gulf\") — namely [Libya](/wiki/Libya \"Libya\"), [Algeria](/wiki/Algeria \"Algeria\") and Iraq; not only did the posted price increase, but the profit sharing arrangement went from 50\\-50 to 55\\-45 in favor of the producing countries.\n\nDuring the 1973 oil crisis, OPEC turned down an offer to increase the posted price by 15%, instead raising it from $3\\.00 to $5\\.11 per barrel. Arab oil producers also decided to cut production and [embargoed](/wiki/Economic_sanctions \"Economic sanctions\") the United States. Soon after, at a meeting in Tehran in January 1974, OPEC raised the posted price again — this time, to $11\\.65 per barrel. Between the start of the [Arab\\-Israeli War of 1973](/wiki/Arab-Israeli_War_of_1973 \"Arab-Israeli War of 1973\") and the Tehran meeting the posted price of oil increased four\\-fold.\n\nBetween 1973 and 1980, the value of exports from Arab oil\\-producing countries increased from less than $23 billion to $220 billion. Saudi Arabia's exports rose from $8 billion to $108 billion in same time period. The oil\\-producing countries agreed to return to normal production levels in March 1974, and the price of crude oil \"froze\" until 1979\\. Although the posted price in 1978 was $12\\.70, after calculating for [inflation](/wiki/Inflation \"Inflation\") and currency fluctuations, the [real price of oil](/wiki/Real_price_of_oil \"Real price of oil\") purchased with [Japanese yen](/wiki/Japanese_yen \"Japanese yen\") was $6\\.67 in 1978, compared to $9\\.56 in 1974\\.\n\nA number of studies were published in the 1980s that attempted to show [causality](/wiki/Causality \"Causality\") between OPEC's posted price and the market price of oil.*See* Verleger ( 1982\\), Fitzgerald and Pollio ( 1984\\), Lowinger and Ram ( 1984\\), and Loderer ( 1985\\);*See also* [Samii, Weiner, and Wirl ( 1989\\)](https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:469437625$1i) for discussion of bidirectional causality.\n\n",
"Price fluctuation\n-----------------\n\nThe following table shows variations in the posted price and the revenue received by OPEC countries between 1964 and 1975 (in US dollars):\n\n| Date | Posted Price | Government revenues |\n\n| June 1964 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1965 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1966 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1967 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1968 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1969 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1970 | 1\\.80 | .99 |\n| June 1971 | 2\\.285 | 1\\.325 |\n| June 1972 | 2\\.479 | 1\\.448 |\n| June 1973 | 2\\.898 | 1\\.702 |\n| January 1974 | 11\\.651 | 7\\.008 |\n| March 1974 | 11\\.651 | 7\\.008 |\n| June 1974 | 11\\.651 | 7\\.008 |\n| September 1974 | 11\\.651 | 7\\.113 |\n| December 1974 | 11\\.251 | 9\\.799 |\n| March 1975 | 11\\.651 | 9\\.799 |\n| June 1975 | 11\\.651 | 9\\.799 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:History of the petroleum industry](/wiki/Category:History_of_the_petroleum_industry \"History of the petroleum industry\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Meister Verbrauchermarkt
|
{
"id": [
27199084
],
"name": [
"Entranced98"
]
}
|
nn96sk28zx8xfgl2w16qgglp2eo0g9g
|
2024-03-28T11:33:29Z
| 1,166,278,017 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Sale",
"Abolishment",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Meister Verbrauchermarkt GmbH** was a supermarket chain in Bavaria which was founded in 1959 by Ludwig A. Meister in [Erbendorf](/wiki/Erbendorf \"Erbendorf\"). It was sold in 1978 to Metro's predecessor Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG and Deutsche SB\\-Kauf AG and finally was merged with [Metro AG](/wiki/Metro_AG \"Metro AG\") in 1996\\. On 9 October 2002, the firm was removed from the business register.Excerpt from the business register \n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe business began operation in 1959, when Ludwig A. Meister converted his mother's shop in Erbendorf into a supermarket, based on the supermarkets he had seen in the USA. Up to that point, only a handful of supermarkets existed in Germany. In the following years, the business grew further and further and, a few years later, the first [cash and carry](/wiki/Cash_and_carry_%28wholesale%29 \"Cash and carry (wholesale)\") market was opened.\n[thumb\\|Former Meister Verbrauchermarkt in Altötting (already demolished)](/wiki/File:Ehemaliger_Meister_Verbrauchermarkt.jpg \"Ehemaliger Meister Verbrauchermarkt.jpg\")\n\n### Sale\n\nIn 1978, [Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG](/wiki/Asko_Deutsche_Kaufhaus_AG \"Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG\"), the predecessor to [Metro AG](/wiki/Metro_AG \"Metro AG\"), discovered the business and offered the owner a sum of 3 million DM; Meister accepted the offer. Upon this acquisition, Asko and its partner Deutsche SB\\-Kauf established MHB Handel AG, under which the supermarkets [Massa](/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Kipp \"Karl-Heinz Kipp\"), BLV and Primus were hosted. At this point in time the company already possessed 18 markets throughout north\\-east Bavaria. The markets continued to keep their names. In the meantime, Asko and Deutsche SB\\-Kauf each kept a 50% shareholding in MHB Handel AG. The location of MHB AG was [Alzey](/wiki/Alzey \"Alzey\").Business chronology of Metro AG In the following years, even more markets were opened throughout Bavaria, e.g. in [Altötting](/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting \"Altötting\") and [Ingolstadt](/wiki/Ingolstadt \"Ingolstadt\"). In 1987 there were already 22 markets. In the meantime, the Meister Verbrauchermarkt locations were taken over in 1991 by brands belonging to MHB Handel AG, under another BLV\\-Markt in [Neuötting](/wiki/Neu%C3%B6tting \"Neuötting\").*Alt\\-Neuöttinger Anzeiger.* 5 September 2013\\.\n\n### Abolishment\n\nIn 1996, it became known that Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG, Deutsche SB\\-Kauf AG, and Kaufhof Holding AG wanted to merge themselves into a [corporate group](/wiki/Corporate_group \"Corporate group\") under the roof of [Metro AG](/wiki/Metro_AG \"Metro AG\"). Through the merger, two new supermarket chains were opened: *[Real](/wiki/Real_%28hypermarket%29 \"Real (hypermarket)\")* and *[Extra](/wiki/Extra_%28supermarket%29 \"Extra (supermarket)\")*. Until 2004, these remained self\\-reliant subsidiaries of Metro AG. Following the creation of these markets, the remaining Meister Verbrauchermarkt locations were converted into Real and Extra markets.Metro AG\n\nThe firm Meister Verbrauchermarkt GmbH, which had become a subsidiary of MHB Handel AG after the takeover of Asko in 1978, was finally removed from the business register in 2002\\.\n\n",
"### Sale\n\nIn 1978, [Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG](/wiki/Asko_Deutsche_Kaufhaus_AG \"Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG\"), the predecessor to [Metro AG](/wiki/Metro_AG \"Metro AG\"), discovered the business and offered the owner a sum of 3 million DM; Meister accepted the offer. Upon this acquisition, Asko and its partner Deutsche SB\\-Kauf established MHB Handel AG, under which the supermarkets [Massa](/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Kipp \"Karl-Heinz Kipp\"), BLV and Primus were hosted. At this point in time the company already possessed 18 markets throughout north\\-east Bavaria. The markets continued to keep their names. In the meantime, Asko and Deutsche SB\\-Kauf each kept a 50% shareholding in MHB Handel AG. The location of MHB AG was [Alzey](/wiki/Alzey \"Alzey\").Business chronology of Metro AG In the following years, even more markets were opened throughout Bavaria, e.g. in [Altötting](/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting \"Altötting\") and [Ingolstadt](/wiki/Ingolstadt \"Ingolstadt\"). In 1987 there were already 22 markets. In the meantime, the Meister Verbrauchermarkt locations were taken over in 1991 by brands belonging to MHB Handel AG, under another BLV\\-Markt in [Neuötting](/wiki/Neu%C3%B6tting \"Neuötting\").*Alt\\-Neuöttinger Anzeiger.* 5 September 2013\\.\n\n",
"### Abolishment\n\nIn 1996, it became known that Asko Deutsche Kaufhaus AG, Deutsche SB\\-Kauf AG, and Kaufhof Holding AG wanted to merge themselves into a [corporate group](/wiki/Corporate_group \"Corporate group\") under the roof of [Metro AG](/wiki/Metro_AG \"Metro AG\"). Through the merger, two new supermarket chains were opened: *[Real](/wiki/Real_%28hypermarket%29 \"Real (hypermarket)\")* and *[Extra](/wiki/Extra_%28supermarket%29 \"Extra (supermarket)\")*. Until 2004, these remained self\\-reliant subsidiaries of Metro AG. Following the creation of these markets, the remaining Meister Verbrauchermarkt locations were converted into Real and Extra markets.Metro AG\n\nThe firm Meister Verbrauchermarkt GmbH, which had become a subsidiary of MHB Handel AG after the takeover of Asko in 1978, was finally removed from the business register in 2002\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1959 establishments in West Germany](/wiki/Category:1959_establishments_in_West_Germany \"1959 establishments in West Germany\")\n[Category:Food retailers](/wiki/Category:Food_retailers \"Food retailers\")\n[Category:German companies established in 1959](/wiki/Category:German_companies_established_in_1959 \"German companies established in 1959\")\n[Category:German companies disestablished in 1998](/wiki/Category:German_companies_disestablished_in_1998 \"German companies disestablished in 1998\")\n[Category:Retail companies disestablished in 1998](/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_disestablished_in_1998 \"Retail companies disestablished in 1998\")\n[Category:Retail companies established in 1959](/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1959 \"Retail companies established in 1959\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Saccharopolyspora deserti
|
{
"id": [
47291871
],
"name": [
"Qihonis grigotch"
]
}
|
hhloxlvd741rc1ndztd4a5gk03i8ltm
|
2024-10-05T05:23:16Z
| 1,219,423,487 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Saccharopolyspora deserti*** is a [halotolerant](/wiki/Halotolerant \"Halotolerant\") bacterium from the genus of *[Saccharopolyspora](/wiki/Saccharopolyspora \"Saccharopolyspora\")* which has been isolated from sand in [Saudi Arabia](/wiki/Saudi_Arabia \"Saudi Arabia\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Pseudonocardineae](/wiki/Category:Pseudonocardineae \"Pseudonocardineae\")\n[Category:Bacteria described in 2018](/wiki/Category:Bacteria_described_in_2018 \"Bacteria described in 2018\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
This Is the Police 2
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"141.136.143.91"
]
}
|
f7xjjazx5m9e1b6ovassfahzhfpudqp
|
2024-04-16T02:50:25Z
| 1,219,157,326 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Gameplay",
"Plot",
"Reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***This Is the Police 2*** is an [adventure](/wiki/Adventure_game \"Adventure game\") [strategy](/wiki/Strategy_video_game \"Strategy video game\") [video game](/wiki/Video_game \"Video game\") by [Belarusian](/wiki/Belarus \"Belarus\") developer Weappy Studio and published by [THQ Nordic](/wiki/THQ_Nordic \"THQ Nordic\"). It was released for [Microsoft Windows](/wiki/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\"), [macOS](/wiki/MacOS \"MacOS\"), [Linux](/wiki/Linux \"Linux\"), [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\"), [Xbox One](/wiki/Xbox_One \"Xbox One\"), and [Nintendo Switch](/wiki/Nintendo_Switch \"Nintendo Switch\") in 2018\\. An [iOS](/wiki/IOS \"IOS\") version was released in September 2019\\. It is a sequel to *[This Is the Police](/wiki/This_Is_the_Police \"This Is the Police\")*. The player controls the protagonist from the previous game, Jack Boyd, under new name Warren Nash, who is trying to hide from [federal agents](/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") in the fictional city of Sharpwood in 1987\\.\n\n",
"Gameplay\n--------\n\n*This Is the Police 2* features a range of mechanics that add depth and complexity to the gameplay, providing players with a challenging and immersive experience in managing law enforcement in the town of Sharpwood. The gameplay is presented via imagery and text on an [isometric map](/wiki/Isometric_map \"Isometric map\").\n\nThe game combines management and tactical elements as players navigate through a complex web of crime, corruption, and moral dilemmas. As sheriff, players are tasked with making crucial decisions that impact the outcome of investigations, law enforcement operations, and the overall state of the town. The game features a nonlinear narrative, allowing players to shape the story through their choices and actions.\n\nBy managing the police force and allocating resources effectively, players must maintain law and order while dealing with a wide range of criminal activities, such as robberies, homicides, drug trafficking, and more. One of the key aspects of the gameplay is the strategic planning and execution of police operations. Players must assign officers with specific skills and equipment to handle each situation. Tactical decision\\-making plays a vital role during intense confrontations, where players must manage their limited resources and ensure the safety of their officers.\n\nAdditionally, *This Is the Police 2* introduces a new mechanic called the \"Sheriff's Department\". Players are responsible for managing the sheriff's staff, dealing with their personal problems, and earning their loyalty. Developing relationships with the officers and gaining their trust is crucial for maintaining a capable and motivated police force.\n\n*This Is the Police 2* incorporates turn\\-based tactical combat when responding to crimes or engaging in encounters. Players have direct control over their officers during these situations, utilizing a grid\\-based system to maneuver and position their team strategically. Each officer has unique abilities and skills, and players must carefully consider their strengths and weaknesses to maximize their effectiveness in combat.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nIn the town of Sharpwood, Sheriff Wells and two other Sharpwood Sheriff's Department officers investigate a suspected base of the Neckties, a gang of drug traffickers. All three are killed in an ambush, resulting in Lilly Reed to be promoted as the new sheriff.[50px](/wiki/File:CC-BY-SA_icon.svg \"CC-BY-SA icon.svg\") Plot section was copied from [This Is The Police 2](https://this-is-the-police.fandom.com/wiki/This_Is_The_Police_2#Plot) at The This Is The Police Wiki, which is released under a [Creative Commons Attribution\\-Share Alike 3\\.0 (Unported) (CC\\-BY\\-SA 3\\.0\\) license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n*This Is the Police 2* received \"mixed or average reviews\" according to the [review aggregator](/wiki/Review_aggregator \"Review aggregator\") website [Metacritic](/wiki/Metacritic \"Metacritic\"), based on 34 critic reviews. The game was mainly liked, but criticized for new in\\-game mechanics. Tom Hatfield of *[PC Gamer](/wiki/PC_Gamer \"PC Gamer\")* stated that \"the core is solid, but there's simply too much bloat\". Lorenzo Fantoni of *[IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\")* described it as \"*[Fargo](/wiki/Fargo_%281996_film%29 \"Fargo (1996 film)\")* mixed with *[X\\-COM](/wiki/XCOM \"XCOM\")*\". The reviewer said that the management of cops in the game is fun, but it can be occasionally difficult in some instances.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [*This Is the Police 2*](http://weappy-studio.com/games/this-is-the-police-2/) at Weappy Studio\n\n[Category:2018 video games](/wiki/Category:2018_video_games \"2018 video games\")\n[Category:Adventure games](/wiki/Category:Adventure_games \"Adventure games\")\n[Category:EuroVideo Medien games](/wiki/Category:EuroVideo_Medien_games \"EuroVideo Medien games\")\n[Category:IOS games](/wiki/Category:IOS_games \"IOS games\")\n[Category:Linux games](/wiki/Category:Linux_games \"Linux games\")\n[Category:MacOS games](/wiki/Category:MacOS_games \"MacOS games\")\n[Category:Nintendo Switch games](/wiki/Category:Nintendo_Switch_games \"Nintendo Switch games\")\n[Category:PlayStation 4 games](/wiki/Category:PlayStation_4_games \"PlayStation 4 games\")\n[Category:Single\\-player video games](/wiki/Category:Single-player_video_games \"Single-player video games\")\n[Category:THQ Nordic games](/wiki/Category:THQ_Nordic_games \"THQ Nordic games\")\n[Category:Video game sequels](/wiki/Category:Video_game_sequels \"Video game sequels\")\n[Category:Video games about police officers](/wiki/Category:Video_games_about_police_officers \"Video games about police officers\")\n[Category:Video games developed in Belarus](/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_Belarus \"Video games developed in Belarus\")\n[Category:Video games set in 1987](/wiki/Category:Video_games_set_in_1987 \"Video games set in 1987\")\n[Category:Weappy Studio games](/wiki/Category:Weappy_Studio_games \"Weappy Studio games\")\n[Category:Windows games](/wiki/Category:Windows_games \"Windows games\")\n[Category:Xbox One games](/wiki/Category:Xbox_One_games \"Xbox One games\")\n[Category:Adventure strategy games](/wiki/Category:Adventure_strategy_games \"Adventure strategy games\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Gale Bullman
|
{
"id": [
206485
],
"name": [
"Jweiss11"
]
}
|
qh4qdcvajqn0kgf4fo6s2vuw1kfnkr6
|
2024-08-07T22:33:29Z
| 1,231,170,412 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Head coaching record",
"College",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Delmar Gale Bullman** (September 18, 1901 – June 24, 1977\\) was an [American football](/wiki/American_football \"American football\") player and coach. He played [college football](/wiki/College_football \"College football\") at [West Virginia Wesleyan College](/wiki/West_Virginia_Wesleyan_College \"West Virginia Wesleyan College\") and professionally in the [National Football League](/wiki/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") (NFL) with the [Columbus Tigers](/wiki/Columbus_Tigers \"Columbus Tigers\"). Bullman served as the head football coach at the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy—now known as [Missouri University of Science and Technology](/wiki/Missouri_University_of_Science_and_Technology \"Missouri University of Science and Technology\")—from 1937 to 1963, compiling a record of 96–112–9\\. He was also [athletic director](/wiki/Athletic_director \"Athletic director\") there from 1937 to 1967\\.\n\nBullman was born in [Sistersville, West Virginia](/wiki/Sistersville%2C_West_Virginia \"Sistersville, West Virginia\"). During [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), he served as a lieutenant in the [United States Navy](/wiki/United_States_Navy \"United States Navy\"). Bullman died on June 24, 1977, in [Rolla, Missouri](/wiki/Rolla%2C_Missouri \"Rolla, Missouri\").\n\n",
"Head coaching record\n--------------------\n\n### College\n\n",
"### College\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1901 births](/wiki/Category:1901_births \"1901 births\")\n[Category:1977 deaths](/wiki/Category:1977_deaths \"1977 deaths\")\n[Category:American football ends](/wiki/Category:American_football_ends \"American football ends\")\n[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_personnel_of_World_War_II \"United States Navy personnel of World War II\")\n[Category:Columbus Tigers players](/wiki/Category:Columbus_Tigers_players \"Columbus Tigers players\")\n[Category:High school football coaches in West Virginia](/wiki/Category:High_school_football_coaches_in_West_Virginia \"High school football coaches in West Virginia\")\n[Category:Missouri S\\&T Miners athletic directors](/wiki/Category:Missouri_S%26T_Miners_athletic_directors \"Missouri S&T Miners athletic directors\")\n[Category:Missouri S\\&T Miners football coaches](/wiki/Category:Missouri_S%26T_Miners_football_coaches \"Missouri S&T Miners football coaches\")\n[Category:Missouri University of Science and Technology faculty](/wiki/Category:Missouri_University_of_Science_and_Technology_faculty \"Missouri University of Science and Technology faculty\")\n[Category:People from Sistersville, West Virginia](/wiki/Category:People_from_Sistersville%2C_West_Virginia \"People from Sistersville, West Virginia\")\n[Category:Players of American football from Ohio](/wiki/Category:Players_of_American_football_from_Ohio \"Players of American football from Ohio\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Marietta, Ohio](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Marietta%2C_Ohio \"Sportspeople from Marietta, Ohio\")\n[Category:United States Navy officers](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_officers \"United States Navy officers\")\n[Category:Washington University Bears football coaches](/wiki/Category:Washington_University_Bears_football_coaches \"Washington University Bears football coaches\")\n[Category:West Virginia Wesleyan Bobcats football players](/wiki/Category:West_Virginia_Wesleyan_Bobcats_football_players \"West Virginia Wesleyan Bobcats football players\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Sonja Santelises
|
{
"id": [
1211834
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"name": [
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|
7opobko75lap56jqa5bz1u4qb3kta3e
|
2024-08-18T02:16:28Z
| 1,228,755,514 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"In Baltimore City",
"Criticism",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
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2
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"content": [
"\n\n**Sonja Santelises** has been the CEO of [Baltimore City Public Schools](/wiki/Baltimore_City_Public_Schools \"Baltimore City Public Schools\") since May 2016\\.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nSonja Santelises (née Brookins) was raised in Peabody, Massachusetts, just north of [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\"). Her father Jackson Andrew Brookins was a chemist from Mississippi who was also an industrial relations executive for [Eastman Kodak](/wiki/Kodak \"Kodak\"), and her mother Verna was a former social worker who was in charge of community relations at [Polaroid](/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation \"Polaroid Corporation\") as well as a district minister for the [Pentecostal church](/wiki/Pentecostalism \"Pentecostalism\"). Both of her parents grew up in the [Jim Crow south.](/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws \"Jim Crow laws\") She has a younger sister, Shahara, who became a college professor.\n\nHer family were Protestants, but Santelises went to [Bishop Fenwick High School](/wiki/Bishop_Fenwick_High_School_%28Peabody%2C_Massachusetts%29 \"Bishop Fenwick High School (Peabody, Massachusetts)\"), a private Catholic high school. She received a [bachelor's degree](/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree \"Bachelor's degree\") in [English literature](/wiki/English_literature \"English literature\") and [International Relations](/wiki/International_relations \"International relations\") from [Brown University](/wiki/Brown_University \"Brown University\"), a [Master's degree](/wiki/Master%27s_degree \"Master's degree\") in [Education Administration](/wiki/Academic_administration \"Academic administration\") from [Columbia University](/wiki/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\"), and a [doctorate](/wiki/Doctorate \"Doctorate\") in Education Administration, Planning and Social Policy from [Harvard University](/wiki/Harvard_University \"Harvard University\"). She worked for 25 years for urban school systems as an administrator and educator before heading BCPS.\n\nShe is married to Lew Santelises, who is an American hedge fund and private equity fund manager who founded Santelises Fund Management. They have three daughters, including two fraternal twins. She has given a [TEDx](/wiki/TED_%28conference%29 \"TED (conference)\") talk.\n\nFrom 2010 to 2013, Santelises was the chief academic officer in Baltimore, then served as vice president for The Education Trust, where she worked on K\\-12 policy and practice.\n\n",
"In Baltimore City\n-----------------\n\nSantelises became the CEO of Baltimore City Public Schools in July 2016, replacing Gregory Thornton, who was ousted by the school board. She has advocated for improving the curriculum as a way to help close the achievement gap, and has conducted audits to find out where students are receiving gaps in their education. She has advocated for literacy programs and stopping teacher layoffs.\n\n### Criticism\n\nIn 2017, Santelises had to defend and explain how she would fix the district's $130 million budget deficit, which she inherited from the previous administration. She received national criticism in January 2018 when several Baltimore schools had to close for days due to heating systems going down, causing near freezing temperatures in classrooms, which she said was the result of systemic and long term underfunding of the school district.\n\n",
"### Criticism\n\nIn 2017, Santelises had to defend and explain how she would fix the district's $130 million budget deficit, which she inherited from the previous administration. She received national criticism in January 2018 when several Baltimore schools had to close for days due to heating systems going down, causing near freezing temperatures in classrooms, which she said was the result of systemic and long term underfunding of the school district.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Brown University alumni](/wiki/Category:Brown_University_alumni \"Brown University alumni\")\n[Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni](/wiki/Category:Teachers_College%2C_Columbia_University_alumni \"Teachers College, Columbia University alumni\")\n[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni](/wiki/Category:Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education_alumni \"Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni\")\n[Category:American women chief executives](/wiki/Category:American_women_chief_executives \"American women chief executives\")\n[Category:American chief executives of education\\-related organizations](/wiki/Category:American_chief_executives_of_education-related_organizations \"American chief executives of education-related organizations\")\n[Category:Bishop Fenwick High School (Peabody, Massachusetts) alumni](/wiki/Category:Bishop_Fenwick_High_School_%28Peabody%2C_Massachusetts%29_alumni \"Bishop Fenwick High School (Peabody, Massachusetts) alumni\")\n[Category:1968 births](/wiki/Category:1968_births \"1968 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American women](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women \"21st-century American women\")\n\n"
]
}
|
1979 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
|
{
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7903804
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"name": [
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|
qm5oaotegugomum66vs0urg3e47cswo
|
2023-08-03T01:15:04Z
| 1,159,061,238 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Roll of honour",
"Summary",
"Tracks",
"News",
"Competitions",
"Ireland",
"Principal UK races",
"Totalisator returns",
"References"
],
"level": [
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2,
2,
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"content": [
"\n\nThe **1979 UK \\& Ireland Greyhound Racing Year** was the 53rd year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.\n\n",
"Roll of honour\n--------------\n\n|Major Winners\n\n| |\n| Award\n\n Name of Winner\n\n|\n\n [1979 English Greyhound Derby](/wiki/1979_English_Greyhound_Derby \"1979 English Greyhound Derby\") |\n Sarahs Bunny ||\n\n [1979 Irish Greyhound Derby](/wiki/1979_Irish_Greyhound_Derby \"1979 Irish Greyhound Derby\") |\n Penny County ||\n\n 1979 Scottish Greyhound Derby |\n Greenville Boy |\n [Greyhound Trainer of the Year](/wiki/Greyhound_Trainer_of_the_Year \"Greyhound Trainer of the Year\") |\n [Geoff De Mulder](/wiki/Geoff_De_Mulder \"Geoff De Mulder\") |\n [Greyhound of the Year](/wiki/Greyhound_of_the_Year_Awards \"Greyhound of the Year Awards\") |\n Desert Pilot \\& Kilmagoura Mist |\n [Irish Greyhound of the Year](/wiki/Irish_Greyhound_of_the_Year_Awards \"Irish Greyhound of the Year Awards\") |\n Nameless Pixie |\n [Trainers Championship](/wiki/Trainers_Championship_%28greyhounds%29 \"Trainers Championship (greyhounds)\") |\n John Honeysett |\n\n|[Trainers Championship](/wiki/Trainers_Championship_%28greyhounds%29 \"Trainers Championship (greyhounds)\"), [Crayford \\& Bexleyheath Stadium](/wiki/Crayford_%26_Bexleyheath_Stadium \"Crayford & Bexleyheath Stadium\") (24 March)\n\n| |\n| Pos\n\n Name of Trainer\n\n Points\n\n|\n\n 1st |\n John Honeysett | 42\n\n 2nd |\n [John Coleman](/wiki/John_Coleman_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"John Coleman (greyhound trainer)\") |40\n\n 3rd |\n [Ted Dickson](/wiki/Ted_Dickson \"Ted Dickson\") |36\n\n 4th |\n [Pat Mullins](/wiki/Pat_Mullins_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Pat Mullins (greyhound trainer)\") |34\n\n 5th |\n [Geoff De Mulder](/wiki/Geoff_De_Mulder \"Geoff De Mulder\") |32\n\n 6th |\n [Natalie Savva](/wiki/Nick_Savva \"Nick Savva\") |24\n\n",
"Summary\n-------\n\nThe [National Greyhound Racing Club](/wiki/National_Greyhound_Racing_Club \"National Greyhound Racing Club\") (NGRC) released the annual returns, with [totalisator turnover](/wiki/Tote_board \"Tote board\") down, at £70,685,971 and attendances up, recorded at 6,585,491 from 5712 meetings. [White City](/wiki/White_City_Greyhounds \"White City Greyhounds\") remains the top earner with an average meeting tote turnover of £55,677, some £5,000 more than closest rival [Walthamstow Stadium](/wiki/Walthamstow_Stadium \"Walthamstow Stadium\").\n\n \nDesert Pilot, a white and brindle dog and Kilmagoura Mist, a brindle bitch, were voted joint [Greyhound of the Year](/wiki/Greyhound_of_the_Year_Awards \"Greyhound of the Year Awards\"). Desert Pilot won the [Select Stakes](/wiki/Select_Stakes_%28greyhounds%29 \"Select Stakes (greyhounds)\") and Wembley Summer Cup, Kilmagoura Mist won the [St Leger](/wiki/St_Leger_%28greyhounds%29 \"St Leger (greyhounds)\"). Sarahs Bunny, a kennelmate of Desert Pilot won the [1979 English Greyhound Derby](/wiki/1979_English_Greyhound_Derby \"1979 English Greyhound Derby\").\n\n",
"Tracks\n------\n\nThree tracks closed, [Rochester](/wiki/Rochester_Stadium \"Rochester Stadium\") (4 October), [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax_Greyhound_Stadium \"Halifax Greyhound Stadium\") and the Horton Road Stadium in Gloucester (6 July).\n\n",
"News\n----\n\nThe BGRF (British Greyhound Racing Federation) went into voluntary liquidation, the organisation body that had only been formed in 1977 between the NGRC and track promoters had been a disaster. Bizarrely despite the financial losses of the body a new replacement called the British Greyhound Racing Board was set up within months, with the aim to promote and elevate the greyhound racing industry, to improve the welfare and rules of racing.\n\n[Leeds](/wiki/Elland_Road_Greyhound_Stadium \"Elland Road Greyhound Stadium\") closed their track kennels and lost three top trainers in the process, Joe Kelly, Tommy Brown and Jim Brennan (better known for his spell at Sheffield). Kelly was recruited by Racing Manager Terry Meynell and moved into the kennels of the late Harry Bamford, who had died aged just 40 while Brown and Brennan retired. Contracted trainers replacing them at Leeds were Pete Beaumont, Jim Brown and Ray Andrews. New [Southend](/wiki/Southend_Stadium \"Southend Stadium\") trainer Tom Lanceman also supplied runners for [Ipswich](/wiki/Ipswich_Stadium \"Ipswich Stadium\"), he was one of the first ever trainers to take up a dual attachment. Lanceman also trained the [Grand National](/wiki/Grand_National_%28greyhounds%29 \"Grand National (greyhounds)\") winner Topofthetide to a second successive win, the greyhound had won in 1978 for Tim Forster at odds on.\n\nLacca Champion was retired after the Derby and Joe De Mulder, former trainer and father of [Geoff De Mulder](/wiki/Geoff_De_Mulder \"Geoff De Mulder\") died.\n\n",
"Competitions\n------------\n\nA newcomer called Sports Promoter reared by Pat and [Linda Mullins](/wiki/Linda_Mullins \"Linda Mullins\") broke the track record over 400 metres at [Cambridge](/wiki/City_Ground_%28Cambridge%29 \"City Ground (Cambridge)\") in his first race and went on to win the Romford Puppy Cup and Sporting Life [Juvenile](/wiki/Juvenile_%28greyhounds%29 \"Juvenile (greyhounds)\"). The [Olympic](/wiki/Olympic_%28greyhounds%29 \"Olympic (greyhounds)\") returned after an eight\\-year absence, the event was resurrected by [Brighton](/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Greyhound_Stadium \"Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium\").\n\nJohn Honeysett won a closely fought [Trainers Championship](/wiki/Trainers_Championship_%28greyhounds%29 \"Trainers Championship (greyhounds)\") at [Crayford](/wiki/Crayford_%26_Bexleyheath_Stadium \"Crayford & Bexleyheath Stadium\") after defeating [John Coleman](/wiki/John_Coleman_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"John Coleman (greyhound trainer)\") by just two points. Both had three winners on the night, Honeysett (Sandpiper Folly, Langford Dan, Triple Aspect), Coleman (Noble Brigg, Head Prefect, Our Rufus).\n\n",
"Ireland\n-------\n\nThe [Bord na gCon](/wiki/Bord_na_gCon \"Bord na gCon\") announced a massive 60% hike in prize money. The grand re\\-opening of [Galway](/wiki/Galway_Sportsgrounds \"Galway Sportsgrounds\") was on 25 May, with the modernisation costing over £500,000\\.\n\n",
"Principal UK races\n------------------\n\n|[Grand National](/wiki/Grand_National_%28greyhounds%29 \"Grand National (greyhounds)\"), [White City](/wiki/White_City_Greyhounds \"White City Greyhounds\") (April 7 500m h, £2,000\\) \n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound\n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime\n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Topothetide | Tom Lanceman | 6\\-4f | 31\\.60 | 1 |\n| 2nd | Killallen Jack | Phil Rees Jr. | 16\\-1 | 32\\.24 | 3 |\n| 3rd | Tax Band | Joe Pickering | 9\\-4 | 32\\.25 | 5 |\n| 4th | Cherryhill King | | 10\\-1 | 32\\.65 | 2 |\n| 5th | Oscar B | Norah McEllistrim | 5\\-1 | 32\\.69 | 6 |\n| 6th | Elton Smasher | Richard Griffin | 8\\-1 | 32\\.87 | 4 |\n\n|[BBC TV Trophy](/wiki/TV_Trophy_%28greyhounds%29 \"TV Trophy (greyhounds)\"), [Hall Green](/wiki/Hall_Green_Stadium \"Hall Green Stadium\") (Apr 11, 815m, £1,750\\) \n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Westown Blaze | Reg Young | 53\\.16 | 5\\-1 | 6 |\n| 2nd | Aglish Boss | [Joe Cobbold](/wiki/Joe_Cobbold \"Joe Cobbold\") | 53\\.40 | 20\\-1 | 2 |\n| 3rd | Welsh Cobbler | John Honeysett | 53\\.44 | 11\\-4 | 4 |\n| 4th | Westown Adam | [Natalie Savva](/wiki/Nick_Savva \"Nick Savva\") | 53\\.58 | 15\\-8f | 3 |\n| 5th | Olvera | | 53\\.74 | 5\\-1 | 1 |\n| 6th | Ellas Melody | Bertie Gaynor | 53\\.75 | 6\\-1 | 5 |\n\n|[Laurels](/wiki/Laurels_%28greyhounds%29 \"Laurels (greyhounds)\"), [Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_Stadium \"Wimbledon Stadium\") (May 18, 460m, £3,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Another Spatter | Joe Pickering | 7\\-2 | 27\\.75 | 3 |\n| 2nd | Pigeon Flyer | Tom Reilly | 7\\-1 | 27\\.93 | 1 |\n| 3rd | Across the Miles | R Young | 10\\-1 | 28\\.09 | 6 |\n| 4th | Sampsons Pal | Pat Mullins | 9\\-4f | 28\\.33 | 2 |\n| 5th | Young Toby | Eric Pateman | 4\\-1 | 28\\.41 | 4 |\n| 6th | Its Stylish | | 4\\-1 | 28\\.42 | 5 |\n\n|[Scurry Gold Cup](/wiki/Scurry_Gold_Cup \"Scurry Gold Cup\"), [Slough](/wiki/Slough_Stadium \"Slough Stadium\") (Jul 21, 442m, £3,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Northway Point | George Morrow | 20\\-1 | 27\\.20 | 6 |\n| 2nd | The Grand Devil | Phil Rees Jr. | 9\\-4 | 27\\.46 | 1 |\n| 3rd | Knockrour Brandy | Freda Greenacre | 7\\-2 | 27\\.49 | 4 |\n| 4th | Teddy Boy | | 33\\-1 | 27\\.61 | 5 |\n| 5th | Johns Luck | [John Coleman](/wiki/John_Coleman_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"John Coleman (greyhound trainer)\") | 4\\-1 | 27\\.69 | 2 |\n| 6th | Saucy Buck | [Ted Dickson](/wiki/Ted_Dickson_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Ted Dickson (greyhound trainer)\") | 1\\-1f | 27\\.77 | 3 |\n\n|[Scottish Greyhound Derby](/wiki/Scottish_Greyhound_Derby \"Scottish Greyhound Derby\"), [Shawfield](/wiki/Shawfield_Stadium \"Shawfield Stadium\") (Aug 11, 500m, £3,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Greenville Boy | Pat Mullins | 6\\-4f | 30\\.49 | 1 |\n| 2nd | Dually Lad | G Barnett | 3\\-1 | 30\\.59 | 3 |\n| 3rd | Blissful Hero | Bertie Gaynor | 4\\-1 | 30\\.65 | 5 |\n| 4th | Black Haven | | 7\\-1 | 30\\.85 | 2 |\n| 5th | Backdeed Man | | 4\\-1 | 30\\.93 | 6 |\n| 6th | Miss Olivia | Graham Mann | 8\\-1 | 31\\.05 | 4 |\n\n \n\n|[St Leger](/wiki/St_Leger_%28greyhounds%29 \"St Leger (greyhounds)\"), [Wembley](/wiki/Wembley_Greyhounds \"Wembley Greyhounds\") (Sep 3, 655m, £10,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Kilmagoura Mist | [Tom Johnston Jr.](/wiki/Tom_Johnston_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Tom Johnston (greyhound trainer)\") | 9\\-2 | 40\\.04 | 1 |\n| 2nd | Black Earl | [Ted Dickson](/wiki/Ted_Dickson_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Ted Dickson (greyhound trainer)\") | 2\\-1f | 40\\.05 | 4 |\n| 3rd | Owners Guide | Tony Jowett | 25\\-1 | 40\\.31 | 6 |\n| 4th | Columns Corner | John Gibbons | 7\\-2 | 40\\.67 | 5 |\n| 5th | Frame That | [Ted Dickson](/wiki/Ted_Dickson_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Ted Dickson (greyhound trainer)\") | 14\\-1 | 40\\.85 | 3 |\n| 6th | Dangerous Lad | Joe Pickering | 9\\-4 | 00\\.00 | 2 |\n\n|[Gold Collar](/wiki/Gold_Collar \"Gold Collar\"), [Catford](/wiki/Catford_Stadium \"Catford Stadium\") (Sep 22, 555m, £5,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Gayflash | [Paddy Milligan](/wiki/Paddy_Milligan \"Paddy Milligan\") | 7\\-2 | 35\\.08 | 5 |\n| 2nd | Corduroy | John Honeysett | 4\\-1 | 35\\.54 | 1 |\n| 3rd | Quest for Gold | | 12\\-1 | 35\\.60 | 2 |\n| 4th | Im A Smasher | Norah McEllistrim | 10\\-1 | 35\\.86 | 4 |\n| 5th | Taranaki | Peter Rich | 7\\-2 | 36\\.16 | 6 |\n| 6th | Dangerous Lad | Joe Pickering | 7\\-4f | 00\\.00 | 3 |\n\n|[The Grand Prix](/wiki/The_Grand_Prix \"The Grand Prix\"), [Walthamstow](/wiki/Walthamstow_Stadium \"Walthamstow Stadium\") (Sep 29, 640m, £5,500\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Frame That | [Ted Dickson](/wiki/Ted_Dickson_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Ted Dickson (greyhound trainer)\") | 11\\-2 | 39\\.57 | 1 |\n| 2nd | Roystons Supreme | Adam Jackson | 11\\-2 | 39\\.69 | 5 |\n| 3rd | Brainy Prince | [Geoff De Mulder](/wiki/Geoff_De_Mulder \"Geoff De Mulder\") | 2\\-1 | 39\\.71 | 2 |\n| 4th | Black Earl | Ray Iremonger | 15\\-8f | 39\\.79 | 4 |\n| 5th | Strange Dame | Phil Rees Jr. | 8\\-1 | 39\\.85 | 6 |\n| 6th | Seagulls | Gunner Smith | 16\\-1 | 39\\.99 | 3 |\n\n|[Cesarewitch](/wiki/Cesarewitch_%28greyhounds%29 \"Cesarewitch (greyhounds)\"), [Belle Vue](/wiki/Belle_Vue_Stadium \"Belle Vue Stadium\") (Oct 6, 815m, £3,000\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Roystons Supreme | Adam Jackson | 7\\-4 | 51\\.47 | 2 |\n| 2nd | Cloutie Comment | [George Curtis](/wiki/George_Curtis_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"George Curtis (greyhound trainer)\") | 7\\-1 | 51\\.53 | 4 |\n| 3rd | Karnos Lady | | 11\\-8f | 51\\.77 | 1 |\n| 4th | Portland Dusty | Frank Melville | 20\\-1 | 51\\.89 | 5 |\n| 5th | Lynns Pride | | 7\\-1 | 51\\.99 | 6 |\n| 6th | Corelish Ron | Brian Jay | 16\\-1 | 52\\.00 | 3 |\n\n|[Oaks](/wiki/Oaks_%28greyhounds%29 \"Oaks (greyhounds)\"), [Harringay](/wiki/Harringay_Stadium \"Harringay Stadium\") (Nov 2, 475m, £1,750\\)\n\n| |\n|Pos\n\nName of Greyhound \n\nTrainer\n\nSP \n\nTime \n\nTrap \n\n| 1st | Sunny Interval | Phil Rees Jr. | 12\\-1 | 28\\.77 | 4 |\n| 2nd | Kilmagoura Mist | [Tom Johnston Jr.](/wiki/Tom_Johnston_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"Tom Johnston (greyhound trainer)\") | 11\\-4 | 28\\.80 | 3 |\n| 3rd | Kings Lace | | 10\\-1 | 28\\.86 | 2 |\n| 4th | Masslock Lady | [George Curtis](/wiki/George_Curtis_%28greyhound_trainer%29 \"George Curtis (greyhound trainer)\") | 10\\-1 | 28\\.89 | 5 |\n| 5th | Certain Style | Terry Keith | 2\\-1f | 29\\.01 | 6 |\n| 6th | Trinas Baby | Edna Wearing | 11\\-4 | 29\\.07 | 1 |\n\n",
"Totalisator returns\n-------------------\n\nThe totalisator returns declared to the licensing authorities for the year 1979 are listed below.\n\n|Stadium\n\nTurnover £\n\n| |\n| [London (White City)](/wiki/White_City_Greyhounds \"White City Greyhounds\") | 7,905,509 |\n| [London (Walthamstow)](/wiki/Walthamstow_Stadium \"Walthamstow Stadium\") | 7,630,996 |\n| [London (Wimbledon)](/wiki/Wimbledon_Stadium \"Wimbledon Stadium\") | 5,848,415 |\n| [London (Harringay)](/wiki/Harringay_Stadium \"Harringay Stadium\") | 4,120,864 |\n| [Romford](/wiki/Romford_Greyhound_Stadium \"Romford Greyhound Stadium\") | 3,722,154 |\n| [London (Catford)](/wiki/Catford_Stadium \"Catford Stadium\") | 3,411,092 |\n| [London (Wembley)](/wiki/Wembley_Greyhounds \"Wembley Greyhounds\") | 3,323,693 |\n| [Brighton \\& Hove](/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Greyhound_Stadium \"Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium\") | 3,116,599 |\n| [Slough](/wiki/Slough_Stadium \"Slough Stadium\") | 2,891,961 |\n| [Manchester (Belle Vue)](/wiki/Belle_Vue_Stadium \"Belle Vue Stadium\") | 2,838,682 |\n| [Birmingham (Hall Green)](/wiki/Hall_Green_Stadium \"Hall Green Stadium\") | 2,453,519 |\n| [Edinburgh (Powderhall)](/wiki/Powderhall_Stadium \"Powderhall Stadium\") | 2,143,634 |\n| [Crayford \\& Bexleyheath](/wiki/Crayford_%26_Bexleyheath_Stadium \"Crayford & Bexleyheath Stadium\") | 2,083,446 |\n| [Birmingham (Perry Barr, old)](/wiki/Birchfield_Ladbroke_Stadium \"Birchfield Ladbroke Stadium\") | 1,798,197 |\n| [Southend\\-on\\-Sea](/wiki/Southend_Stadium \"Southend Stadium\") | 1,735,488 |\n| [Newcastle (Brough Park)](/wiki/Newcastle_Stadium \"Newcastle Stadium\") | 1,693,168 |\n\n|Stadium\n\nTurnover £\n\n| |\n| [Glasgow (Shawfield)](/wiki/Shawfield_Stadium \"Shawfield Stadium\") | 1,587,686 |\n| [Sheffield (Owlerton)](/wiki/Owlerton_Stadium \"Owlerton Stadium\") | 1,536,270 |\n| [Leeds (Elland Road)](/wiki/Elland_Road_Greyhound_Stadium \"Elland Road Greyhound Stadium\") | 1,468,622 |\n| [Wolverhampton (Monmore)](/wiki/Monmore_Green_Stadium \"Monmore Green Stadium\") | 1,169,108 |\n| [Bristol (Eastville)](/wiki/Eastville_Stadium \"Eastville Stadium\") | 981,641 |\n| [London (Hackney)](/wiki/Hackney_Wick_Stadium \"Hackney Wick Stadium\") | 959,881 |\n| [Gloucester \\& Cheltenham](/wiki/Gloucester_%26_Cheltenham_Stadium \"Gloucester & Cheltenham Stadium\") | 932,580 |\n| [Derby](/wiki/Derby_Greyhound_Stadium \"Derby Greyhound Stadium\") | 908,209 |\n| [Yarmouth](/wiki/Yarmouth_Stadium \"Yarmouth Stadium\") | 874,426 |\n| [Ramsgate](/wiki/Ramsgate_Stadium \"Ramsgate Stadium\") | 752,516 |\n| [Portsmouth](/wiki/Portsmouth_Stadium \"Portsmouth Stadium\") | 731,711 |\n| [Newcastle (Gosforth)](/wiki/Gosforth_Greyhound_Stadium \"Gosforth Greyhound Stadium\") | 709,980 |\n| [Rochester \\& Chatham](/wiki/Rochester_Stadium \"Rochester Stadium\") | 673,251 |\n| [Oxford](/wiki/Oxford_Stadium \"Oxford Stadium\") | 533,299 |\n| [Poole](/wiki/Poole_Stadium \"Poole Stadium\") | 522,825 |\n| [Reading](/wiki/Reading_Stadium \"Reading Stadium\") | 508,507 |\n\n|Stadium\n\nTurnover £\n\n| |\n| [Coventry](/wiki/Brandon_Stadium \"Brandon Stadium\") | 499,405 |\n| [Willenhall](/wiki/Willenhall_Greyhound_Stadium \"Willenhall Greyhound Stadium\") | 497,531 |\n| [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Cleveland_Park_Stadium \"Cleveland Park Stadium\") | 476,980 |\n| [Milton Keynes](/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Greyhound_Stadium \"Milton Keynes Greyhound Stadium\") | 472,971 |\n| [Ipswich](/wiki/Ipswich_Stadium \"Ipswich Stadium\") | 420,570 |\n| [Hull (Old Craven Park)](/wiki/Old_Craven_Park \"Old Craven Park\") | 396,472 |\n| [Manchester (White City)](/wiki/White_City_Stadium_%28Manchester%29 \"White City Stadium (Manchester)\") | 369,691 |\n| [Leicester](/wiki/Leicester_Stadium \"Leicester Stadium\") | 344,470 |\n| [Cradley Heath](/wiki/Dudley_Wood_Stadium \"Dudley Wood Stadium\") | 304,187 |\n| [Swindon](/wiki/Swindon_Stadium \"Swindon Stadium\") | 288,765 |\n| [Rye House](/wiki/Rye_House_Stadium \"Rye House Stadium\") | 269,309 |\n| [Henlow (Bedfordshire)](/wiki/Henlow_Stadium \"Henlow Stadium\") | 253,537 |\n| [Cambridge](/wiki/City_Ground_%28Cambridge%29 \"City Ground (Cambridge)\") | 131,990 |\n| [Norton Canes](/wiki/Norton_Canes_Stadium \"Norton Canes Stadium\") | 100,000 |\n| [Long Eaton](/wiki/Long_Eaton_Stadium \"Long Eaton Stadium\") | 91,115 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Greyhound_racing_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Greyhound racing in the Republic of Ireland](/wiki/Category:Greyhound_racing_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Greyhound racing in the Republic of Ireland\")\n[UK and Ireland Greyhound Racing Year](/wiki/Category:1979_in_British_sport \"1979 in British sport\")\n[UK and Ireland Greyhound Racing Year](/wiki/Category:1979_in_Irish_sport \"1979 in Irish sport\")\n[UK and Ireland Greyhound Racing Year](/wiki/Category:1979_in_Welsh_sport \"1979 in Welsh sport\")\n[UK and Ireland Greyhound Racing Year](/wiki/Category:1979_in_Scottish_sport \"1979 in Scottish sport\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Roberto Meraz
|
{
"id": [
473593
],
"name": [
"Zyxw"
]
}
|
8bhaw5ba5ovif0eyajcsgnvp3cxr7ja
|
2023-11-21T10:05:31Z
| 1,166,565,950 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"International career",
"Career statistics",
"Club",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Roberto Ismael Meraz Bernal** (born 4 August 1999\\) is a Mexican professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who plays as a [defensive midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder%23Defensive_midfielder \"Midfielder#Defensive midfielder\") for [Liga MX](/wiki/Liga_MX \"Liga MX\") club [Mazatlán](/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n_F.C. \"Mazatlán F.C.\").\n\n",
"International career\n--------------------\n\nIn April 2019, Meraz was included in the 21\\-player squad to represent Mexico at the [U\\-20 World Cup](/wiki/2019_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup \"2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup\") in Poland.\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n### Club\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nCup\n\nContinental\n\nOther\n\nTotal\n\n| |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n|[Morelia](/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Morelia \"Atlético Morelia\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Liga_MX_season \"2016–17 Liga MX season\") |\n[Liga MX](/wiki/Liga_MX \"Liga MX\")\n\n– 2 | 0 |–– 2 | 0 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Liga_MX_season \"2017–18 Liga MX season\") |– 7 | 0 |–– 7 | 0 |\n| [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Liga_MX_season \"2018–19 Liga MX season\") | 19 | 0 | 9 | 2 |–– 28 | 2 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Liga_MX_season \"2019–20 Liga MX season\") | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |–– 2 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 20 | 0 | 19 | 2 |—— 39 | 2 |\n|[Mazatlán](/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n_F.C. \"Mazatlán F.C.\")\n\n [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Liga_MX_season \"2020–21 Liga MX season\") |\nLiga MX\n\n 20 | 0 |——— 20 | 0 |\n| [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Liga_MX_season \"2021–22 Liga MX season\") | 32 | 3 |——— 32 | 3 |\n| [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Liga_MX_season \"2022–23 Liga MX season\") | 31 | 2 |——— 31 | 2 |\n| [2023–24](/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Liga_MX_season \"2023–24 Liga MX season\") | 2 | 0 |——— 2 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 85 | 5 |— 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 5 |\n| Career total | | | 105 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 124 | 7 |\n\n",
"### Club\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nCup\n\nContinental\n\nOther\n\nTotal\n\n| |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n|[Morelia](/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Morelia \"Atlético Morelia\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Liga_MX_season \"2016–17 Liga MX season\") |\n[Liga MX](/wiki/Liga_MX \"Liga MX\")\n\n– 2 | 0 |–– 2 | 0 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Liga_MX_season \"2017–18 Liga MX season\") |– 7 | 0 |–– 7 | 0 |\n| [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Liga_MX_season \"2018–19 Liga MX season\") | 19 | 0 | 9 | 2 |–– 28 | 2 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Liga_MX_season \"2019–20 Liga MX season\") | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |–– 2 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 20 | 0 | 19 | 2 |—— 39 | 2 |\n|[Mazatlán](/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n_F.C. \"Mazatlán F.C.\")\n\n [2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Liga_MX_season \"2020–21 Liga MX season\") |\nLiga MX\n\n 20 | 0 |——— 20 | 0 |\n| [2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Liga_MX_season \"2021–22 Liga MX season\") | 32 | 3 |——— 32 | 3 |\n| [2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Liga_MX_season \"2022–23 Liga MX season\") | 31 | 2 |——— 31 | 2 |\n| [2023–24](/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Liga_MX_season \"2023–24 Liga MX season\") | 2 | 0 |——— 2 | 0 |\n|Total\n\n 85 | 5 |— 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 5 |\n| Career total | | | 105 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 124 | 7 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Roberto Meraz](http://www.enascenso.com/contento-por-cumplir-el-sueno-meraz/) at Enascenso (debut)\n\n[Category:1999 births](/wiki/Category:1999_births \"1999 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Mexican men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Mexican_men%27s_footballers \"Mexican men's footballers\")\n[Category:Mexico men's youth international footballers](/wiki/Category:Mexico_men%27s_youth_international_footballers \"Mexico men's youth international footballers\")\n[Category:Atlético Morelia players](/wiki/Category:Atl%C3%A9tico_Morelia_players \"Atlético Morelia players\")\n[Category:Liga MX players](/wiki/Category:Liga_MX_players \"Liga MX players\")\n[Category:Footballers from Culiacán](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Culiac%C3%A1n \"Footballers from Culiacán\")\n[Category:Footballers from Sinaloa](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Sinaloa \"Footballers from Sinaloa\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Marion Dolph
|
{
"id": [
28779459
],
"name": [
"Lepricavark"
]
}
|
9i8vsndhaknmcqr9360oxyial5pqtc1
|
2024-07-16T23:08:03Z
| 1,146,364,698 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Head coaching record",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Marion Francis Dolph** (July 7, 1880 – November 11, 1921\\) was an American [college football](/wiki/College_football \"College football\") player and coach. Dolph was a [college football](/wiki/College_football \"College football\") star at [Williams College](/wiki/Williams_College \"Williams College\") and the son of [United States Senator](/wiki/United_States_Senator \"United States Senator\") [Joseph N. Dolph](/wiki/Joseph_N._Dolph \"Joseph N. Dolph\"). He served as the head football coach at the [University of Oregon](/wiki/University_of_Oregon \"University of Oregon\") in 1902, compiling a record of 3–1–3\\.\n\n",
"Head coaching record\n--------------------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:19th\\-century births](/wiki/Category:19th-century_births \"19th-century births\")\n[Category:1921 deaths](/wiki/Category:1921_deaths \"1921 deaths\")\n[Category:19th\\-century players of American football](/wiki/Category:19th-century_players_of_American_football \"19th-century players of American football\")\n[Category:Oregon Ducks football coaches](/wiki/Category:Oregon_Ducks_football_coaches \"Oregon Ducks football coaches\")\n[Category:Williams Ephs football players](/wiki/Category:Williams_Ephs_football_players \"Williams Ephs football players\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Portland%2C_Oregon \"Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon\")\n[Category:Players of American football from Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Players_of_American_football_from_Portland%2C_Oregon \"Players of American football from Portland, Oregon\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Matichon
|
{
"id": [
44255609
],
"name": [
"Apipattana"
]
}
|
mzdyvetovprq9unqoi4r6b2a331m5eu
|
2024-01-18T04:57:10Z
| 1,163,988,379 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Matichon Weekly",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Matichon*** (, also known as ***Matichon Daily*** to distinguish it from other related publications) is a major Thai\\-language national daily [newspaper](/wiki/Newspaper \"Newspaper\"). It was founded by a group of progressive writers in 1978, when the country was emerging from the authoritarian government that followed the [6 October 1976 Massacre](/wiki/6_October_1976_Massacre \"6 October 1976 Massacre\"). *Matichon* positions itself as a \"quality\" upmarket newspaper, as opposed to the usually sensationalist mass\\-circulation papers. In 1997, it had a daily circulation of about 120,000\\. It carries a strong focus on politics, and was, along with *[Thai Rath](/wiki/Thai_Rath \"Thai Rath\")*, among the country's most politically influential newspapers at the time.\n\nFrom the late 2000s, when successive political crises divided public opinion, *Matichon* has been criticized for harbouring a pro\\-[Red Shirt](/wiki/Red_Shirts_%28Thailand%29 \"Red Shirts (Thailand)\") bias. It has also been subject to controversies regarding its dismissal of editors, and a bribery investigation by the National Press Council of Thailand, for which the paper resigned from the council in protest. *Matichon* argued the investigation were irregular and that there was political interference in the council's activities.\n\nThe paper carries an online arm, **Matichon Online**, which has a separate editorial board and publishes stories independently of the print edition.\n\n",
"Matichon Weekly\n---------------\n\n***Matichon Weekly*** (, lit. 'Weekend Matichon'), a sister publication of the newspaper, is a weekly Thai\\-language [news magazine](/wiki/News_magazine \"News magazine\") with a strong focus on politics. It was first published in 1980, and is the most widely circulated news magazine in Thailand.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Newspapers published in Thailand](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_Thailand \"Newspapers published in Thailand\")\n[Category:Thai\\-language newspapers](/wiki/Category:Thai-language_newspapers \"Thai-language newspapers\")\n[Category:Matichon Group](/wiki/Category:Matichon_Group \"Matichon Group\")\n\n"
]
}
|
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