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Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A scale for measuring the actual brightness of a celestial object without accounting for the distance of the object. Absolute magnitude measures how bright an object would appear if it were exactly 10 parsecs (about 33 light-years) away from Earth. On this scale, the Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.8 while it has an apparent magnitude of -26.7 because it is so close. The temperature at which the motion of all atoms and molecules stops and no heat is given off. Absolute zero is reached at 0 degrees Kelvin or -273.16 degrees Celsius. A process by where the atmosphere melts away and removes the surface material of an incoming meteorite. The process by where dust and gas accumulated into larger bodies such as stars and planets. A disk of gas that accumulates around a center of gravitational attraction, such as a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. As the gas spirals in, it becomes hot and emits light or even X-radiation. A stone meteorite that contains no chondrules. The reflective property of a non-luminous object. A perfect mirror would have an albedo of 100% while a black hole would have an albedo of 0%. A dark or light marking on the surface of an object that may or may not be a geological or topographical feature. The angular distance of an object above the horizon. Am star is a chemically peculiar star belonging to the more general class of A-type stars. The spectrum of the Am stars shows abnormal enhancements and deficiencies of certain metals. Matter consisting of particles with charges opposite that of ordinary matter. In antimatter, protons have a negative charge while electrons have a positive charge. A point that is on the direct opposite side of a planet. The point of greatest separation of two stars, such as in a binary star system. The size of the opening through which light passes in an optical instrument such as a camera or telescope. A higher number represents a smaller opening while a lower number represents a larger opening. The point in the orbit of a planet or other celestial body where it is farthest from the Sun. Apoapsis is the point of furthest excursion, or separation, between two orbiting objects. The point in the orbit of the Moon or other satellite where it is farthest from the Earth. The apparent brightness of an object in the sky as it appears to an observer on Earth. Bright objects have a low apparent magnitude while dim objects will have a higher apparent magnitude. Asterism is a pattern of stars recognized on Earth's night sky. It may form part of an official constellation, or be composed of stars from more than one. A small planetary body in orbit around the Sun, larger than a meteoroid but smaller than a planet. Most asteroids can be found in a belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The orbits of some asteroids take them close to the Sun, which also takes them across the paths of the planets. The branch of science that explores the chemical interactions between dust and gas interspersed between the stars. Astrometric binary is a type of binary system where evidence for an unseen orbiting companion is revealed by its periodic gravitational perturbation of the visible component. See also spectroscopic binary. A unit of measure equal to the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, approximately 93 million miles. A layer of gases surrounding a planet, moon, or star. The Earth's atmosphere is 120 miles thick and is composed mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a few other trace gases. A glow in a planet's ionosphere caused by the interaction between the planet's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun. This phenomenon is known as the Aurora Borealis in the Earth's northern hemisphere and the Aurora Australis in the Earth's Southern Hemisphere. Also known as the southern lights, this is an atmospheric phenomenon that displays a diffuse glow in the sky in the southern hemisphere. It is caused by charged particles from the Sun as they interact with the Earth's magnetic field. Known as the Aurora Borealis in the northern hemisphere. Also known as the northern lights, this is an atmospheric phenomenon that displays a diffuse glow in the sky in the northern hemisphere. It is caused by charged particles from the Sun as they interact with the Earth's magnetic field. Known as the Aurora Australis in the southern hemisphere. Also known as the poles, this is an imaginary line through the center of rotation of an object. The angular distance of an object around or parallel to the horizon from a predefined zero point. A unit of measure of atmospheric pressure. One bar is equal to 0.987 atmospheres, 1.02 kg/cm2, 100 kilopascal, and 14.5 lbs/square inch. The theory that suggests that the universe was formed from a single point in space during a cataclysmic explosion about 13.7 billion years ago. This is the current accepted theory for the origin of the universe and is supported by measurements of background radiation and the observed expansion of space. A system of two stars that revolve around a common center of gravity. The collapsed core of a massive star. Stars that are very massive will collapse under their own gravity when their fuel is exhausted. The collapse continues until all matter is crushed out of existence into what is known as a singularity. The gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape. A shift in the lines of an object's spectrum toward the blue end. Blueshift indicates that an object is moving toward the observer. The larger the blueshift, the faster the object is moving. A term used to describe an exceptionally bright meteor. Bolides typically will produce a sonic boom. Brown dwarf is a substellar object that is too low in mass to sustain the nuclear fusion of hydrogen-1 in its core, which is a characteristic of stars on the main sequence. Brown dwarfs can still generate energy from gravitational contraction and by the fusion of deuterium. A type of volcanic crater that is extremely large, usually formed by the collapse of a volcanic cone or by a violent volcanic explosion. Crater Lake is one example of a caldera on Earth. A series or chain of craters. A hollow, irregular depression. An imaginary line that divides the celestial sphere into a northern and southern hemisphere. The North and South poles of the celestial sphere. An imaginary sphere around the Earth on which the stars and planets appear to be positioned. This is a variable star whose light pulsates in a regular cycle. The period of fluctuation is linked to the brightness of the star. Brighter Cepheids will have a longer period. A distinctive area of broken terrain. Another name used to describe a canyon. A meteorite that contains chondrules. Small, glassy spheres commonly found in meteorites. The part of the Sun's atmosphere just above the surface. A star that never sets but always stays above the horizon. This depends on the location of the observer. The further South you go the fewer stars will be circumpolar. Polaris, the North Star, is circumpolar in most of the northern hemisphere. A torus or ring-shaped accumulation of gas, dust, or other debris in orbit around a star in different phases of its life cycle. A numeric value that is used to compare the brightness of a star measured from two different frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the energy output of a star varies by frequency as a function of temperature, the color index can be used to indicate the star's temperature. An area of dust or gas surrounding the nucleus of a comet. A gigantic ball of ice and rock that orbit the Sun in a highly eccentric orbit. Some comets have an orbit that brings them close to the Sun where they form a long tail of gas and dust as they are heated by the Sun's rays. The property of two objects orbiting the same body whose periods are in a rational proportion. For example, the orbital period of Saturn around the Sun is very nearly 5/2 the orbital period of Jupiter. An event that occurs when two or more celestial objects appear close together in the sky. A grouping of stars that make an imaginary picture in the sky. The outer part of the Sun's atmosphere. The corona is visible from Earth during a total solar eclipse. It is the bright glow seen in most solar eclipse photos. Atomic nuclei (mostly protons) that are observed to strike the Earth's atmosphere with extremely high amounts of energy. A tube-like configuration of energy that is believed to have existed in the early universe. A cosmic string would have a thickness smaller than a trillionth of an inch but its length would extend from one end of the visible universe to the other. ==y====Cosmogony The study of celestial systems, including the Solar System, stars, galaxies, and galactic clusters. This is the definition of cosmology, not cosmogony. A branch of science that deals with studying the origin, structure, and nature of the universe. This is the definition of the word 'cosmogony', not cosmology. A bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of an asteroid or meteoroid. Also the depression around the opening of a volcano. A term used to describe matter in the universe that cannot be seen, but can be detected by its gravitational effects on other bodies. A ring-shaped circumstellar disk of dust and debris in orbit around a star. Debris disks can be created as the next phase in planetary system development following the protoplanetary disk phase. They can also be formed by collisions between planetesimals. The angular distance of an object in the sky from the celestial equator. The amount of matter contained within a given volume. Density is measured in grams per cubic centimeter (or kilograms per liter). The density of water is 1.0, iron is 7.9, and lead is 11.3. The surface of the Sun or other celestial body projected against the sky. Two asteroids that revolve around each other and are held together by the gravity between them. Also called a binary asteroid. The apparent change in wavelength of sound or light emitted by an object in relation to an observer's position. An object approaching the observer will have a shorter wavelength (blue) while an object moving away will have a longer (red) wavelength. The Doppler effect can be used to estimate an object's speed and direction. A grouping of two stars. This grouping can be apparent, where the stars seem close together, or physical, such as a binary system. A celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity but has not cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals and is not a satellite. It has to have sufficient mass to overcome rigid body forces and achieve hydrostatic equilibrium. Pluto is considered to be a dwarf planet. The measure of how an object's orbit differs from a perfect circle. Eccentricity defines the shape of an object's orbit. The total or partial blocking of one celestial body by another. A binary system where one object passes in front of the other, cutting off some or all of its light. An imaginary line in the sky traced by the Sun as it moves in its yearly path through the sky. Effective temperature of a star or planet is the temperature of an ideal black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation. Material from beneath the surface of a body such as a moon or planet that is ejected by an impact such as a meteor and distributed around the surface. Ejecta usually appear as a lighter color than the surrounding surface. Another term for light. Light waves created by fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields in space. The full range of frequencies, from radio waves to gamma waves, that characterizes light. An ellipse is an oval shape. Johannes Kepler discovered that the orbits of the planets were elliptical in shape rather than circular. A galaxy whose structure shaped like an ellipse and is smooth and lacks complex structures such as spiral arms. The angular distance of a planetary body from the Sun as seen from Earth. A planet at greatest eastern elongation is seen in the evening sky and a planet at greatest western elongation will be seen in the morning sky. A table of data arranged by date. Ephemeris tables are typically to list the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and other solar system objects. The two points at which the Sun crosses the celestial equator in its yearly path in the sky. The equinoxes occur on or near March 21 and September 22. The equinoxes signal the start of the Spring and Autumn seasons. The speed required for an object to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or other body. The invisible boundary around a black hole past which nothing can escape the gravitational pull - not even light. A star that is near the end of its life cycle where most of its fuel has been used up. At this point the star begins to loose mass in the form of stellar wind. The apparent dimming of star or planet when low on the horizon due to absorption by the Earth's atmosphere. A term that means outside of or beyond our own galaxy. A term used to describe anything that does not originate on Earth. The lens at the viewing end of a telescope. The eyepiece is responsible for enlarging the image captured by the instrument. Eyepieces are available in different powers, yielding differing amounts of magnification. Bright patches that are visible on the Sun's surface, or photosphere. A strand of cool gas suspended over the photosphere by magnetic fields, which appears dark as seen against the disk of the Sun. A small, wide-field telescope attached to a larger telescope. The finder is used to help point the larger telescope to the desired viewing location. An extremely bright meteor. Also known as bolides, fireballs can be several times brighter than the full Moon. Some can even be accompanied by a sonic boom. A faint red star that appears to change in brightness due to explosions on its surface. The name given to the spherical region surrounding the center, or nucleus of a galaxy. A tight concentration of stars and gas found at the innermost regions of a galaxy. Astronomers now believe that massive black holes may exist in the center of many galaxies. A large grouping of stars. Galaxies are found in a variety of sizes and shapes. Our own Milky Way galaxy is spiral in shape and contains several billion stars. Some galaxies are so distant the their light takes millions of years to reach the Earth. The name given to Jupiter's four largest moons, Io, Europa, Callisto & Ganymede. They were discovered independently by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius. The highest energy, shortest wavelength form of electromagnetic radiation. An orbit in which a satellite's orbital velocity is matched to the rotational velocity of the planet. A spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit appears to hang motionless above one position of a planet's surface. Massive clouds of gas in interstellar space composed primarily of hydrogen molecules. These clouds have enough mass to produce thousands of stars and are frequently the sites of new star formation. A tight, spherical grouping of hundreds of thousands of stars. Globular clusters are composed of older stars, and are usually found around the central regions of a galaxy. A pattern of small cells that can be seen on the surface of the Sun. They are caused by the convective motions of the hot gases inside the Sun. A concentration of matter such as a galaxy or cluster of galaxies that bends light rays from a background object. Gravitational lensing results in duplicate images of distant objects. A mutual physical force of nature that causes two bodies to attract each other. An increase in temperature caused when incoming solar radiation is passed but outgoing thermal radiation is blocked by the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide and water vapor are two of the major gases responsible for this effect. The point in space at which the solar wind meets the interstellar medium or solar wind from other stars. The space within the boundary of the heliopause containing the Sun and the Solar System. An element consisting of one electron and one proton. Hydrogen is the lightest of the elements and is the building block of the universe. Stars form from massive clouds of hydrogen gas. The law of physics that states that the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us. A state that occurs when compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient which creates a pressure gradient force in the opposite direction. Hydrostatic equillibrium is responsible for keeping stars from imploding and for giving planets their spherical shape. A system consisting of a spiral galaxy surrounded by several dwarf white galaxies, often ellipticals. Our galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy are examples of hypergalaxies. A term used to describe water or a number of gases such as methane or ammonia when in a solid state. A measure of the tilt of a planet's orbital plane in relation to that of the Earth. A conjunction of an inferior planet that occurs when the planet is lined up directly between the Earth and the Sun. A planet that orbits between the Earth and the Sun. Mercury and Venus are the only two inferior planets in our solar system. An international organization that unites national astronomical societies from around the world and acts as the internationally recognized authority for assigning designations to celestial bodies and their surface features. The magnetic field carried along with the solar wind. The gas and dust that exists in open space between the stars. A region of charged particles in a planet's upper atmosphere. In Earth's atmosphere, the ionosphere begins at an altitude of about 25 miles and extends outward about 250. A meteorite that is composed mainly of iron mixed with smaller amounts of nickel. A galaxy with no spiral structure and no symmetric shape. Irregular galaxies are usually filamentary or very clumpy in shape. A satellite that orbits a planet far away with an orbit that is eccentric and inclined. They also tend to have retrograde orbits. Irregular satellites are believed to have been captured by the planet's gravity rather than being formed along with the planet. A unit used in radio astronomy to indicate the flux density (the rate of flow of radio waves) of electromagnetic radiation received from outer space. A typical radio source has a spectral flux density of roughly 1 Jy. The jansky was named to honor Karl Gothe Jansky who developed radio astronomy in 1932. A narrow stream of gas or particles ejected from an accretion disk surrounding a star or black hole. A temperature scale used in sciences such as astronomy to measure extremely cold temperatures. The Kelvin temperature scale is just like the Celsius scale except that the freezing point of water, zero degrees Celsius, is equal to 273 degrees Kelvin. Absolute zero, the coldest known temperature, is reached at 0 degrees Kelvin or -273.16 degrees Celsius. A planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. A ray directed from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. The square of the period of a planet's orbit is proportional to the cube of that planet's semi major axis; the constant of proportionality is the same for all planets. A distance equal to 1000 parsecs. Regions in the main belt of asteroids where few or no asteroids are found. They were named after the scientist who first noticed them. A large ring of icy, primitive objects beyond the orbit of Neptune. Kuiper Belt objects are believed to be remnants of the original material that formed the Solar System. Some astronomers believe Pluto and Charon are Kuiper Belt objects. French mathematician and astronomer Joseph Louis Lagrange showed that three bodies could lie at the apexes of an equilateral triangle which rotates in its plane. If one of the bodies is sufficiently massive compared with the other two, then the triangular configuration is apparently stable. Such bodies are sometimes referred to as Trojans. The leading apex of the triangle is known as the leading Lagrange point or L4; the trailing apex is the trailing Lagrange point or L5. A disk-shaped galaxy that contains no conspicuous structure within the disk. Lenticular galaxies tend to look more like elliptical galaxies than spiral galaxies. An effect caused by the apparent wobble of the Moon as it orbits the Earth. The Moon always keeps the same side toward the Earth, but due to libration, 59% of the Moon's surface can be seen over a period of time. An astronomical unit of measure equal to the distance light travels in a year, approximately 5.8 trillion miles. The outer edge or border of a planet or other celestial body. A small group of about two dozen galaxies of which our own Milky Way galaxy is a member. The amount of light emitted by a star. A phenomenon that occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes into the penumbra, or partial shadow. In a total lunar eclipse, the Moon passes into the Earth's umbra, or total shadow. The average time between successive new or full moons. A lunar month is equal to 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes. Also called a synodic month. The interval of a complete lunar cycle, between one new Moon and the next. A lunation is equal to 29 days, 12 hours, and 44 minutes. Two small, irregular galaxies found just outside our own Milky Way galaxy. The Magellanic Clouds are visible in the skies of the southern hemisphere. A condition found in the region around a magnet or an electric current, characterized by the existence of a detectable magnetic force at every point in the region and by the existence of magnetic poles. Either of two limited regions in a magnet at which the magnet's field is most intense. The area around a planet most affected by its magnetic field. The boundary of this field is set by the solar wind. The degree of brightness of a star or other object in the sky according to a scale on which the brightest star has a magnitude -1.4 and the faintest visible star has magnitude 6. Sometimes referred to as apparent magnitude. In this scale, each number is 2.5 times the brightness of the previous number. Thus a star with a magnitude of 1 is 100 times brighter than on with a visual magnitude of 6. The area between Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our solar system are found. A name used to describe any planet that is considerably larger and more massive than the Earth, and contains large quantities of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Neptune are examples of major planets. A term used to describe a large, circular plain. The word mare means "sea". On the Moon, the maria are the smooth, dark-colored areas. A measure of the total amount of material in a body, defined either by the inertial properties of the body or by its gravitational influence on other bodies. A word used to describe anything that contains mass. An imaginary circle drawn through the North and South poles of the celestial equator. A term used by astronomers to describe all elements except hydrogen and helium, as in "the universe is composed of hydrogen, helium and traces of metals". This astronomical definition is quite different from the traditional chemistry definition of a metal. A small particle of rock or dust that burns away in the Earth's atmosphere. Meteors are also referred to as shooting stars. An event where a large number of meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere from the same direction in space at nearly the same time. Most meteor showers take place when the Earth passes through the debris left behind by a comet. An object, usually a chunk or metal or rock, that survives entry through the atmosphere to reach the Earth's surface. Meteors become meteorites if they reach the ground. A small, rocky object in orbit around the Sun, smaller than an asteroid. A measure of atmospheric pressure equal to 1/1000 of a bar. Standard sea-level pressure on Earth is about 1013 millibars. A term used since the 19th century to describe objects, such as asteroids, that are in orbit around the Sun but are not planets or comets. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union reclassified minor planets as either dwarf planets or small solar system bodies. An interstellar cloud of molecular hydrogen containing trace amounts of other molecules such as carbon monoxide and ammonia. A term used to describe a point directly underneath an object or body. A cloud of dust and gas in space, usually illuminated by one or more stars. Nebulae represent the raw material the stars are made of. A fundamental particle produced by the nuclear reactions in stars. Neutrinos are very hard to detect because the vast majority of them pass completely through the Earth without interacting. A compressed core of an exploded star made up almost entirely of neutrons. Neutron stars have a strong gravitational field and some emit pulses of energy along their axis. These are known as pulsars. A body continues in its state of constant velocity (which may be zero) unless it is acted upon by an external force. For an unbalanced force acting on a body, the acceleration produced is proportional to the force impressed; the constant of proportionality is the inertial mass of the body. In a system where no external forces are present, every action force is always opposed by an equal and opposite reaction. A star that flares up to several times its original brightness for some time before returning to its original state. The nuclear process whereby several small nuclei are combined to make a larger one whose mass is slightly smaller than the sum of the small ones. Nuclear fusion is the reaction that fuels the Sun, where hydrogen nuclei are fused to form helium. The angle between a body's equatorial plane and orbital plane. A measure of flattening at the poles of a planet or other celestial body. An event that occurs when one celestial body conceals or obscures another. For example, a solar eclipse is an occultation of the Sun by the Moon. A theoretical shell of comets that is believed to exist at the outermost regions of our solar system. The Oort cloud was named after the Dutch astronomer who first proposed it. A collection of young stars that formed together. They may or may not be still bound by gravity. Some of the youngest open clusters are still embedded in the gas and dust from which they formed. The position of a planet when it is exactly opposite the Sun in the sky as seen from Earth. A planet at opposition is at its closest approach to the Earth and is best suitable for observing. The path of a celestial body as it moves through space. The apparent change in position of two objects viewed from different locations. A large distance often used in astronomy. A parsec is equal to 3.26 light-years. A shallow crater with a complex, scalloped edge. The area of partial illumination surrounding the darkest part of a shadow caused by an eclipse. The point in the orbit of the Moon or other satellite at which it is closest to the Earth. The point in the orbit of a planet or other body where it is closest to the Sun. To cause a planet or satellite to deviate from a theoretically regular orbital motion. The apparent change in shape of the Moon and inferior planets as seen from Earth as they move in their orbits. A particle of light composed of a minute quantity of electromagnetic energy. The bright visible surface of the Sun. A large planet or planetary body that does not orbit a star. Planemos instead wander cold and alone through the cosmos. It is believed that most planemos once orbited their mother star but were ejected from the star system by gravitational interaction with another massive object. A celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals. A shell of gas surrounding a small, white star. The gas is usually illuminated by the star, producing a variety of colors and shapes. A solid object that is believed to exist in protoplanetary disks and in debris disks. Planetesimals are formed from small dust grains that collide and stick together and are the building blocks that eventually form planets in new planetary systems. A low plain. A high plain or plateau. A form of ionized gas in which the temperature is too high for atoms to exist in their natural state. Plasma is composed of free electrons and free atomic nuclei. The apparent shift of the celestial poles caused by a gradual wobble of the Earth's axis. An explosion of hot gas that erupts from the Sun's surface. Solar prominences are usually associated with sunspot activity and can cause interference with communications on Earth due to their electromagnetic effects on the atmosphere. In reference to a satellite, a prograde orbit means that the satellite orbits the planet in the same direction as the planet's rotation. A planet is said to have a prograde orbit if the direction of its orbit is the same as that of the majority of other planets in the system. The apparent angular motion across the sky of an object relative to the Solar System. A rotating circumstellar disk of dense gas surrounding a young newly formed star. It is thought that planets are eventually formed from the gas and dust within the protoplanetary disk. Dense regions of molecular clouds where stars are forming. A spinning neutron star that emits energy along its gravitational axis. This energy is received as pulses as the star rotates. A point in the orbit of a superior planet where it appears at right angles to the Sun as seem from Earth. An unusually bright object found in the remote areas of the universe. Quasars release incredible amounts of energy and are among the oldest and farthest objects in the known universe. They may be the nuclei of ancient, active galaxies. Sometimes also called quasi-stellar source, this is a star-like object with a large redshift that gives off a strong source of radio waves. They are highly luminous and presumed to be extragalactic. The movement of an object either towards or away from a stationary observer. A point in the sky from which meteors in a meteor shower seem to originate. Energy radiated from an object in the form of waves or particles. Regions of charged particles in a magnetosphere. A galaxy that gives off large amounts of energy in the form of radio waves. A stage in the evolution of a star when the fuel begins to exhaust and the star expands to about fifty times its normal size. The temperature cools, which gives the star a reddish appearance. A shift in the lines of an object's spectrum toward the red end. Redshift indicates that an object is moving away from the observer. The larger the redshift, the faster the object is moving. A satellite that orbits close to a planet in a nearly circular, equatorial orbit. Regular satellites are believed to have been formed at the same time as the planet, unlike irregular satellites which are believed to have been captured by the planet's gravity. A state in which an orbiting object is subject to periodic gravitational perturbations by another. The phenomenon where a celestial body appears to slow down, stop, them move in the opposite direction. This motion is caused when the Earth overtakes the body in its orbit. The orbit of a satellite where the satellite travels in a direction opposite to that direction of the planet's rotation. The amount of time that passes between the rising of Aries and another celestial object. Right ascension is one unit of measure for locating an object in the sky. A galaxy that has a ring-like appearance. The ring usually contains luminous blue stars. Ring galaxies are believed to have been formed by collisions with other galaxies. The smallest distance from a planet or other body at which purely gravitational forces can hold together a satellite or secondary body of the same mean density as the primary. At a lesser distance the tidal forces of the primary would break up the secondary. The spin of a body about its axis. A natural or artificial body in orbit around a planet. A line of cliffs produced erosion or by the action of faults. A main-sequence star that rotates rapidly, causing a loss of matter to an ever-expanding shell. A type of star which is believed to be surrounded by a thin envelope of gas, which is often indicated by bright emission lines in its spectrum. A satellite that constrains the extent of a planetary ring through gravitational forces. Also known as a shepherd moon. Of, relating to, or concerned with the stars. Sidereal rotation is that measured with respect to the stars rather than with respect to the Sun or the primary of a satellite. The average period of revolution of the Moon around the Earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time. The period of revolution of a planet around the Sun or a satellite around its primary. The center of a black hole, where the curvature of space time is maximal. At the singularity, the gravitational tides diverge. Theoretically, no solid object can survive hitting the singularity. A term defined in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union to describe objects in the Solar System that are neither planets or dwarf planets. These include most of the asteroids, comets, and other small bodies in the Solar System. The approximately 11-year quasi-periodic variation in frequency or number of solar active events. A phenomenon that occurs when the Earth passes into the shadow of the Moon. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is close enough to completely block the Sun's light. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is farther away and is not able to completely block the light. This results in a ring of light around the Moon. A bright eruption of hot gas in the Sun's photosphere. Solar prominences are usually only detectable by specialized instruments but can be visible during a total solar eclipse. The cloud of dust and gas out of which the Solar System was believed to have formed about 5 billion years ago. A flow of charged particles that travels from the Sun out into the Solar System. The time of the year when the Sun appears furthest north or south of the celestial equator. The solstices mark the beginning of the Summer and Winter seasons. The instrument connected to a telescope that separates the light signals into different frequencies, producing a spectrum. The technique of observing the spectra of visible light from an object to determine its composition, temperature, density, and speed. The range of colors that make up visible white light. A spectrum is produced when visible light passes through a prism. Grass-like patterns of gas seen in the atmosphere of the Sun. A galaxy that contains a prominent central bulge and luminous arms of gas, dust, and young stars that wind out from the central nucleus in a spiral formation. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy. A giant ball of hot gas that creates and emits its own radiation through nuclear fusion. A large grouping of stars, from a few dozen to a few hundred thousand, that are bound together by their mutual gravitational attraction. The theory that suggests the universe is expanding but exists in a constant, unchanging state in the large scale. The theory states that new matter is being continually being created to fill the gaps left by expansion. This theory has been abandoned by most astronomers in favor of the big bang theory. The ejection of gas from the surface of a star. Many different types of stars, including our Sun, have stellar winds. The stellar wind of our Sun is also known as the Solar wind. A star's stellar wind is strongest near the end of its life when it has consumed most of its fuel. A meteorite that resembles a terrestrial rock and is composed of similar materials. A meteorite that contains regions resembling both a stone meteorite and an iron meteorite. Areas of the Sun's surface that are cooler than surrounding areas. The usually appear black on visible light photographs of the Sun. Sunspots are usually associated disturbances in the Sun's electromagnetic field. The stage in a star's evolution where the core contracts and the star swells to about five hundreds times its original size. The star's temperature drops, giving it a red color. A conjunction that occurs when a superior planet passes behind the Sun and is on the opposite side of the Sun from the Earth. A planet that exists outside the orbit of the Earth. All of the planets in our solar system are superior except for Mercury and Venus. These two planets are inferior planets. A supernova is a cataclysmic explosion caused when a star exhausts its fuel and ends its life. Supernovae are the most powerful forces in the universe. All of the heavy elements were created in supernova explosions. An expanding shell of gas ejected at high speeds by a supernova explosion. Supernova remnants are often visible as diffuse gaseous nebulae usually with a shell-like structure. Many resemble "bubbles" in space. A period of rotation of a satellite about its axis that is the same as the period of its orbit around its primary. This causes the satellite to always keep the same face to the primary. Our Moon is in synchronous rotation around the Earth. The interval between points of opposition of a superior planet. A small, glassy material formed by the impact of a large body, usually a meteor or asteroid. Tektites are commonly found at the sites of meteor craters. An instrument that uses lenses and sometimes mirrors to collect large amounts of light from distant objects and enable direct observation and photography. A Telescope can also include any instrument designed to observe distant objects by their emissions of invisible radiation such as x-rays or radio waves. The boundary between the light side and the dark side of a planet or other body. A term used to describe anything originating on the planet Earth. A name given to a planet composed mainly of rock and iron, similar to that of Earth. The differential gravitational pull exerted on any extended body within the gravitational field of another body. Frictional heating of a satellite's interior due to flexure caused by the gravitational pull of its parent planet and/or other neighboring satellites. The passage of a celestial body across an observer's meridian; also the passage of a celestial body across the disk of a larger one. Any one of a number of celestial objects that orbit the Sun at a distance beyond the orbit of the planet Neptune. An object orbiting in the Lagrange points of another (larger) object. This name derives from a generalization of the names of some of the largest asteroids in Jupiter's Lagrange points. Saturn's moons Helene, Calypso and Telesto are also sometimes called Trojans. Electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths shorter than the violet end of visible light. The atmosphere of the Earth effectively blocks the transmission of most ultraviolet light, which can be deadly to many forms of life. The area of total darkness in the shadow caused by an eclipse. Also known as Greenwich Mean Time, this is local time on the Greenwich meridian. Universal time is used by astronomers as a standard measure of time. Radiation zones of charged particles that surround the Earth. The shape of the Van Allen belts is determined by the Earth's magnetic field. A star that fluctuates in brightness. These include eclipsing binaries. Wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that are visible to the human eye. A gigantic cluster of over 2000 galaxies that is located mainly within the constellation of Virgo. This cluster is located about 60 million light-years from Earth. A scale used by astronomers to measure the brightness of a star or other celestial object. Visual magnitude measures only the visible light from the object. On this scale, bright objects have a lower number than dim objects. The distance between consecutive crests of a wave. This serves as a unit of measure of electromagnetic radiation. A very small, white star formed when an average sized star uses up its fuel supply and collapses. This process often produces a planetary nebula, with the white dwarf star at its center. Electromagnetic radiation of a very short wavelength and very high-energy. X-rays have shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light but longer wavelengths than cosmic rays. The field of astronomy that studies celestial objects by the x-rays they emit. A bright celestial object that gives off x-rays as a major portion of its radiation. An ordinary star such as the Sun at a stable point in its evolution. A point directly overhead from an observer. An imaginary belt across the sky in which the Sun, moon, and all of the planets can always be found. A faint cone of light that can sometimes be seen above the horizon after sunset or before sunrise. Zodiacal light is caused by sunlight reflecting off small particles of material in the plane of the Solar System.
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Course Main Page: MATLAB essential Course Content: Lecture 1 : General information + arrays Lecture 2: MATLAB and mathematical equations Quiz 1: Quiz on arrays and mathematical equations Lecture 3: 2D and 3D plotting Lecture 4: If statements and loops Before solving any equation in MATLAB, it is extremely important to be familiar with these symbols and expressions. To know more about the symbols, you can either click on the function's name to go to its Wikipedia page, or click on the last column to go to its MATLAB documentation. In order to express a function in MATLAB language, you need first to write =@ between the name of the function and its variables. If it helps you remember, think of the =@ symbol as one of the emoji faces used in chatting. For example: If you want to write: f ( x ) = x 2 + 5 {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}+5} in MATLAB you type : f=@(x) x^2 + 5 In this case, (x) is a variable, meaning it can only have one value. Sometimes, (x) can have more than one value, then it can be called a vector. Let's consider the same function, but in this case (x) is a vector instead of a variable. If you want to express this function in MATLAB, you code: f=@(x) x.^2 + 5 The only difference here is the dot before the (^) sign. Let's consider a more compels function, such as : f ( x ) = x ∗ s i n ( 5 x ) {\displaystyle f(x)=x*sin(5x)} f ( x ) = e x x {\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {e^{x}}{x}}} v ( u , n ) = n + 4 y {\displaystyle v(u,n)={\sqrt {n}}+4y} Look at the picture below to know how to define these functions in MATLAB. To answer this question, consider this example. syms x; y= [ 2, 3] f=@(x) x^2 - 3/x f(y) Output: Error, Inputs must be a scalar and a square matrix. syms x; y= [ 2, 3] f=@(x) x.^2 - 3./x f(y) Output: ans = 2.5000 8.0000 Remember those limits that you used to struggle with in school? Now they can be solved easily using MATLAB. You only have to familiarize yourself with the syntax with can be a bit tricky. For example, If you want to find the limit for F ( x ) lim x → ∞ = 1 x + x 2 {\displaystyle F(x)\lim _{x\to \infty }={\tfrac {1}{x}}+x^{2}} you can write the following in either in the command window or in the editor: syms x; limit( 1/x + x^2,inf) As noted in the first lecture, you must define the variable using the word syms The inf is short for infinity(∞), and the rest of the code is self explanatory.The answer would be given in the command window as (inf) Now let's try another problem. For example, F ( x ) lim x → 0 = s i n ( x ) x {\displaystyle F(x)\lim _{x\to \ 0}={\tfrac {sin(x)}{x}}} , we code: limit( sin(x)/x,inf) The answer for this will be one(1) When you try to find a limit that does not exist, for example: F ( x ) lim x → 0 = e x x {\displaystyle F(x)\lim _{x\to \ 0}={\tfrac {e^{x}}{x}}} . limit( exp(x)/x,0) MATLAB answer would be NaN Just like limits, differentiating and integrating using MATLAB is very easy, and all you have to know is the syntax. The key word to remember when trying to differentiate a function is ( diff ). For example, if you want to differentiate w = e 2 t 4 + t 3 + t 9 {\displaystyle w={\tfrac {e^{2}t}{4}}+t^{3}+{\sqrt {t^{9}}}} syms t w=(exp(2*t))/4 + t^3 + t^(9/2); diff(w) The answer will be given in the command window as: exp(2*t)/2 + 3*t^2 + (9*t^(7/2))/2 What if you want to find the second derivative of w. Then you code: diff(w,2) The answer will be given in the command window as : 6*t + exp(2*t) + (63*t^(5/2))/4 This answer is very complicated. It is possible to ask MATLAB to write it in a neat way by coding: pretty (w) The output now will be: exp(2 t) 3 9/2 -------- + t + t 4 You can check the accuracy of the previous two operations by doing the calculation yourself here. Likewise, finding the third derivative, or any other derivative, would be done by typing the number of times you want to differentiate a function in the parenthesis. The image at the left illustrates an application of differentiation using MATLAB. The following two 3D graphs are perpendicular, meaning one of them is tangent to the other. The equation of the tangent shape was found using differentiation, and the two graphs were plotted using MATLAB. To know more about partial integration click here, or here. Now assume you have the function: f ( x , y , z ) = 2 x + 3 y 2 + 6 z 3 {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)=2x+3y^{2}+6z^{3}} .If you want partially differentiate this function with respect to y, you write: syms x y z f=@(x,y,z) 2*x +3*y^2+ 6*z^3 dfy = diff( f(x,y,z),y) The output for that would be dfy = 6*y Partial differentiation is also used to find tangent surface for a 3D graph. This tangent surface is usually parallel to two axis, meaning it is in 2D, unlike the surface obtained using normal differentiation.Refer to the image to the right. Refer back to the previous lecture if you want to know what are vectors in MATLAB. We use this method when the variable in a certain function can have more than one value. For example, we have the following equation: f ( x ) = x 2 − 3 x {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}-{\tfrac {3}{x}}} The variable x here can have two values ( 1 and 2 ), so x can be considered as a vector. In order to find f ′ ( x ) {\displaystyle f'(x)} when x has two numerical values. First, you need to define the function f ( x ) = x 2 − 3 x {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}-{\tfrac {3}{x}}} by writing: syms x; f=@(x) x.^2 - 3./x Make sure to use the dots because here we are dealing with vectors, not variables. After defining the function, we calculate the derivative, by writing; df= diff(f(x)) When you hit Enter, in the command window, MATLAB will calculate the derivative, and show the following output: df1 = 2*x + 3/x^2 You have now differentiated the function that contain vector successfully. If you want to give values to the vector (x) you have to do the following: Now this is the most tricky part. After calculating the derivative, you create a new variable that has the same value as df1, we call this function df df=@(x) subs(df1); After that, you plug in the values of the vector: df([2,1]) The output would be: ans = [ 19/4, 5] Here is another example. Refer to the image below ( click on it to see it in full size): If you have a long function, it is tedious to put a dot before every mathematical operation. In this case the function [ vectorize ] could be used. For example, if I write in the editor: vectorize(ans) The output of the previous code would be vectorised, meaning a dot will be put before every operation. This function can saves a lot of time doing tedious work of vectorizing a function manually. The keyword to keep in mind when integrating using MATLAB is ( int ) that is short for integration. When integrating a function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} you write : i n t ( f ( x ) ) {\displaystyle int(f(x))} . For example, if you want to integrate the function : f ( x ) = x e x {\displaystyle f(x)=xe^{x}} , then you will write in the editor: int (x*exp(2*x)) When you hit *ENTER* MATLAB will give you the answer in the command window as: ans = exp(2*x)/2 Do not forget to define a function. Integration with limits is very similar to integrating without limits. When you have limits for integration, you have to write these limits within the parenthesis that follow the keyword ( int ) . For example: find the value of y = ∫ 0 π c o s ( x ) + s i n ( x ) d x {\displaystyle y={}\int _{0}^{\pi }cos(x)+sin(x)\,dx} . To find the answer, you code: syms x; int(cos(x) + sin(x),0, pi) After hitting *ENTER* the answer in the command window will be: ans = 2 Integration could be used to find the area under a certain curve (Look at the image to the right). Do you any suggestions?, Click here to send me an email.
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The following proofs of elementary ring properties use only the axioms that define a mathematical ring: Theorem: 0 ⋅ a = a ⋅ 0 = 0 (Click "show" at right to see the proof of this theorem or "hide" to hide it.) 0 ⋅ a = (0 + 0) ⋅ a = (0 ⋅ a) + (0 ⋅ a) By subtracting (i.e. adding the additive inverse of) 0 ⋅ a on both sides of the equation, we get the desired result. The proof that a ⋅ 0 = 0 is similar. Theorem: A ring (R, +, ⋅) is trivial (that is, consists of precisely one element) if and only if 0 = 1. (Click "show" at right to see the proof of this theorem or "hide" to hide it.) Suppose 1 = 0. Let a be any element in R; then a = a ⋅ 1 = a ⋅ 0 = 0. Therefore, (R, +, ⋅) is the trivial ring. Conversely, if (R, +, ⋅) is trivial, it must contain precisely one element. Therefore, 0 and 1 is the same element, i.e. 0=1. Theorem: (−1)a = −a (Click "show" at right to see the proof of this theorem or "hide" to hide it.) (-1)· a + a = (-1)· a + 1 · a = ((-1) + 1) · a = 0 · a = 0 Therefore (-1) · a = (−1)a + 0 = (−1) · a + (a + (−a))= ((−1) · a + a) + (−a) = 0 + (−a) = (−a). Theorem 3: (−a) ⋅ b = a ⋅ (−b) = −(ab) (Click "show" at right to see the proof of this theorem or "hide" to hide it.) To prove that the first expression equals the second one, (−a) ⋅ b = ((-1)⋅a) ⋅ b= (a⋅ (-1)) ⋅ b = a⋅ ((-1) ⋅ b) = a(−b). To prove that the first expression equals the third one, (−a) ⋅ b = ((-1)⋅a) ⋅ b = (-1) ⋅ (a ⋅ b). A pseudo-ring does not necessarily have a multiplicative identity element. To prove that the first expression equals the third one without assuming the existence of a multiplicative identity, we show that (−a) ⋅ b is indeed the inverse of (a ⋅ b) by showing that adding them up results in the additive identity element, (a ⋅ b) + (−a) ⋅ b = (a − a) ⋅ b = 0 ⋅ b = 0. Template:Algebra-stub
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Kannapuram is a small town in Kannur District, Malabar region, Kerala, India. Kannapuram is a sort of launching pad for visiting the nearby towns of Mattool, Cherukunnu, Ezhom, Muttam, Mangattuparamba, Dharmasala, Taliparamba and Pariyaram because railway station is available only in Kannapuram. The population of the town is 18,000. There are major railway stations at Kannapuram, Kannur, Payyanur and Pazhayangadi. Buses are available from Payyanur, Taliparamba, Kannur and Payyannur. The nearest airports are at Mangalore and Kozhikode. Autorikshaws are very cheap at ₹15 per km. Buses are even cheaper but you have to board them from the starting points to ensure a seat. Air Conditioned taxis are available for ₹1,000 per day. Walking is pleasant in the village footpaths, but paved roads are occupied by incredible number of noisy motorcycles. 1,000 coconut island (Ayiram Thengu Dweep) (Mungam). (updated May 2015) Ancient Catholic Church, Thavam (7 km). (updated May 2015) 11.9946875.312851 Ancient St. Martin de Pores Hospital (Mission Hospital), Cherukunnu (3 km). Beautiful building (updated May 2015) China Clay Mines, Mottammal Hills (15 km). (updated May 2015) Eco Tourism Centre, Vellikkeel Park. (updated May 2015) Eco Tourism facility, Vellikkeel park (8 km). (updated May 2015) Karakkunnu Hills, Keezhara. (updated May 2015) Kayatteel Ferry (4 km). (updated May 2015) Madayi Mosque, Payangadi (9 km). One of the oldest mosques in India, built around AD.740 (updated May 2015) Madayi Rock, 365 hectres (Madayippara), Payangadi (11 km). A very spacious hillock with several educational institution located on top of it. Famous Madayi Kavu Temple is situated here. There is a Jew' Pond on the rock. There is a travelers bungalow built by the British in 1793 on the eastern side of it. (updated May 2015) Muchilott Bhagavathy Temple, Kannapuram (Theyyam Dance is performed here). (updated May 2015) 11.993275.301512 Oliyankara Juma Masjid, Mattool road (6 km). (updated May 2015) Thaneerpara hills, Keezhara Road. (updated May 2015) 11.9881875.301453 Anna Poorneshwari Temple, Cherukunnu (3 km). with delightfully beautiful chira or pond. (updated May 2015) Kuruva Kavu (seetha lava kusa temple), Chunda. (updated May 2015) 12.0024875.288424 Puthiya Bhagavathy Temple, Chunda. (updated May 2015) Shiva Temple, Prayangottu. (updated May 2015) 11.9565175.317575 Vettakkoru Makan Temple, Chunda. (updated May 2015) Birdwatching @ Madayi Rocks, Madayippara (Near Payangadi). (updated May 2015) Enjoy the river views (from Padiyil, Kavinisseri and Kunnanangadu hills.). (updated May 2015) Mattoo Estuary, Mattool South (5 km). Spectacular silent beaches. You must devout a lot of time as the area is quite big. Make sure you look at maps.google.com to familiarize this place before going. Once the map is with you, the place is little more than spectacular. (updated May 2015) Paddy Field walk @ Ezhom, Payangadi - Taliparamba road (13 km). An expanse of paddy fields can be enjoyed in the middle of the Ezhom village. You have to hurry, they are planning to build an airport in that place destroying all the landscape. (updated May 2015) Walk in the Mangrove forest, Payangadi to Muttukandu Road. A refreshing walk in the 17 km long mangrove forest founded by Late. Kallan Pokkudan (updated Sep 2015) Jayanthi Hotel, Mattool Road. (updated May 2015) 11.9632775.33041 Kairaly Hotel (Kairali Hotel), Cherukunnu. (updated May 2015) Narayanans Hotel, Annapoorna Temple Road. (updated May 2015) 11.9752975.321382 Super Restaurant, Kannapuram Bridge. (updated May 2015) Pams Bakes, Opposite Railway Station, ☏ +91 9562994994. Popular for their Shawarmas. (updated Jan 2021) Tamarind Hotel, Parassinikkadavu, ☏ +91 497 278 0220. (updated May 2015) Uthradam Hill Resort, Ezhimala, ☏ +91 94465 43353. (updated May 2015) Iritty Hills, 50 km Kannur city, 14 km Parassinikkadavu, 13 km Payyanur, 23 km Taliparamba, 15 km Thalassery city, 35 km
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Let Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle f: \boldsymbol{\rho ^\square(X) \to \mathsf D} be a morphism of double groupoids with connection. If α ∈ ρ 2 ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle \alpha \in {{\boldsymbol {\rho }}_{2}^{\square }}(X)} is thin, then f ( α ) {\displaystyle f(\alpha )} is thin.} The groupoid ρ 2 ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle {{\boldsymbol {\rho }}_{2}^{\square }}(X)} employed here is as defined by the cubically thin homotopy on the set R 2 ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle R_{2}^{\square }(X)} of squares. Additional explanations of the data, including concepts such as path groupoid and homotopy double groupoid are provided in an attachment. \emph{Let u : I 3 → X {\displaystyle u:I^{3}\to X} be a singular cube in a Hausdorff space X {\displaystyle X} . Then by restricting u {\displaystyle u} to the faces of I 3 {\displaystyle I^{3}} and taking the corresponding elements in ρ 2 ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\rho }}_{2}^{\square }(X)} , we obtain a cube in ρ ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\rho }}^{\square }(X)} which is commutative by the Homotopy addition lemma for ρ ◻ ( X ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\rho }}^{\square }(X)} (, proposition 5.5). Consequently, if f : ρ ◻ ( X ) → D {\displaystyle f:{\boldsymbol {\rho }}^{\square }(X)\to {\mathsf {D}}} is a morphism of double groupoids with connections, any singular cube in X {\displaystyle X} determines a [3-shell commutative]{http://www.math.purdue.edu/research/atopology/BrownR-Kamps-Porter/vkt7.txt} in D {\displaystyle {\mathsf {D}}} .} R. Brown, K.A. Hardie, K.H. Kamps and T. Porter, A homotopy double groupoid of a Hausdorff space, {\it Theory and Applications of Categories.} 10 ,(2002): 71-93.
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LeBron Raymone James (born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "King James", he was a three-time "Mr. Basketball" of Ohio in high school, and was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar while a sophomore at St. Vincent – St. Mary High School. He was selected with the number one pick in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2003–04, was named the NBA Most Valuable Player in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013, and has been both an All-NBA selection and an All-Star every season since 2005. A LeBron James team is never desperate. Michael Lee (May 15, 2008). "A LeBron James Team Is Never Desperate". James after Game 5 of the 2008 Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Boston Celtics. I'm only one guy. I took Hedo [Türkoğlu] in the first game and Rashard [Lewis] hit the winning shot. I took Rashard in the second game and Hedo hit the shot. If I could clone myself, we'd be all right. But I can't. Jodie Valade (May 25, 2009). "Brown looking for alternatives to slow down Magic offense". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. James before Game 3 of the 2009 Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Orlando Magic. It’s hard for me to congratulate somebody after you just lose to them. ... I’m a winner. It’s not being a poor sport or anything like that. If somebody beats you up, you’re not going to congratulate them. That doesn’t make sense to me. I’m a competitor. That’s what I do. It doesn’t make sense for me to go over and shake somebody’s hand. William C. Rhoden (June 1, 2009). "A Handshake Is Not Too Much to Ask, Even From a King". James answering why he refuses to shake hand with Dwight Howard. This fall, and this was a very tough decision for me, but this fall I will be taking my talents to South Beach and play with the Miami Heat. Tom D'Angelo (July 8, 2010). "The King of South Beach: LeBron James will Sign with Miami Heat". The Palm Beach Post. James announcing his decision to leave the hometown Cleveland Cavaliers for the Miami. Not two, not three, not four, not five, not six, not seven. On Stage Interview with Wade, Bosh and James – July 9, 2010. NBA.com (July 10, 2010). James predicting a dynasty for the Heat and alluding to multiple NBA championships. Crazy. Karma is a bitch. Gets you every time. It's not good to wish bad on anybody. God sees everything! Steve Ginsburg (January 12, 2011). "LeBron James sees 'karma' in Cavs rout". ESPN. James on Twitter after the Cleveland Cavaliers lost 112–57 to the Los Angeles Lakers. All the people that were rooting for me to fail... at the end of the day, tomorrow they have to wake up and have the same life that they had before they woke up today. ... They got the same personal problems they had today. And I’m going to continue to live the way I want to live and continue to do the things I want to do. Steve Ginsburg (June 13, 2011). "James not bothered by those rooting for him to fail". Reuters. James addressing fans after losing to the Dallas Mavericks in the 2011 NBA Finals. No matter how much money you have, no matter how famous you are, no matter how many people admire you, being black in America is tough. "LeBron James Responds to Racial Vandalism: ‘Being Black in America Is Tough’". NY Times. June 1, 2017. CLEVELAND! This is for you! NBA (December 24, 2016). "Final 3:39 of Game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals". YouTube. James in his postgame interview with ABC's Doris Burke after the Cavaliers overcame a 3–1 deficit, dethroning the Golden State Warriors in the 2016 NBA Finals. We are already limited in the sense that given that type of power, that type of stage that he had, and especially in that industry. You don’t see many black male and female actors being able to put on that stage. For him to be as transcendent as he was. But then you add on the fact that growing up as a black kid, you had superheroes that you looked up to, but they weren’t black. You had Batman, you had Superman, you had Spider Man, and so on and so on. And for Ryan Coogler and for that cast, and for him himself to be able to make Black Panther, even though we knew it was like a fictional story, it actually felt real. It actually felt like we finally had our Black superhero and nobody can touch us. (Speaking about Chadwick Boseman and Black Panther) Quoted in Remembering Chadwick Boseman: Ibram X. Kendi on Legacy of “Black Panther” Actor, Cancer & Anti-Racism, Democracy Now, (31 August 2020) LA Lakers star LeBron James paid tribute to Chadwick Boseman before the Lakers playoff game against the Portland Trailblazers by taking a knee during the National Anthem and crossing his arms across his chest to give the Wakanda Forever salute. Amy Goodman in Remembering Chadwick Boseman: Ibram X. Kendi on Legacy of “Black Panther” Actor, Cancer & Anti-Racism, Democracy Now, (31 August 2020) LeBron shirks responsibility on the court when his team loses and he refuses to take the blame for just about anything. He’s not a leader. He has a disgraceful history of inciting race mobs and having zero gravitas as a public figure when commenting on current events or anything remotely related to “civil rights.” And speaking of history... LeBron also has a long history of hating white people. It’s true. As he describes it, he disliked white folks because he was both envious and fearful of them. LeBron was filled with racism and hate at a very young age, brought on by his environment, circumstances, community, and other influences. Laura Ingraham was right — it’s time for LeBron to shut up and dribble. Past Video Where LeBron James Discusses “White People” Explains A Lot About His “Racial” Actions Today, Revolver, 22 April 2021 I was a Lakers fan, too, before he said that. I was really pissed off that he said that, cause I like LeBron and then I’m like, ‘You know what, fuck you, LeBron.’ 7 December 2021 by Kyle Rittenhouse in video interview with Elijah Schaffer and Sydney Watson of Blaze TV reported by Gino Spocchi of The Independent Wikipedia has an article about: LeBron James Wikimedia Commons has media related to: LeBron James
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Hinduism is the world's third most prolific religion after Christianity and Islam. With a history spanning many thousands of years, it is the dominant religion in South Asia and has been very influential in Southeast Asia, sharing its origin with Buddhism and Jainism. Hinduism has been spread to many countries by South Asian emigrants. While the faith has traditionally been less proselytic than many other religions, modern movements such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (Hare Krishnas) have helped spark increased interest in Hinduism in Western countries since the 1960s. Due to their superb architecture and cultural value, many Hindu temples have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Hinduism is an extremely diverse religious and spiritual tradition. It has no founder, governing body or single holy book, although the Vedas (Sanskrit: वेद Veda, lit. knowledge) are regarded by most Hindus to be the holiest and most authoritative religious texts. It is often referred to as not just a religion but a way of life. The beginnings of Hinduism are at least as old as the Vedas, the earliest of which are estimated to date from approximately 1700 BCE, with traces of the religion found in the earlier Indus Valley Civilisation, beginning from 3300 BCE. Many scholars now believe that the Vedic mythology of Hinduism originally evolved from proto-Indo-European mythology, thus sharing a common origin with many mythologies of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Greek, Roman, Celtic, Slavic and Germanic mythologies. The Vedas and other sacred texts, including the Upanishads, Puranas, and the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics, are in the ancient and sacred language of Sanskrit. Hinduism is a richly iconic religion, celebrating many gods and goddesses in the form of statues and paintings, and with music, dance and poetry. Hindus believe in a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, corresponding to the Hindu trinity of Brahma, the creator, Vishnu, the preserver and Shiva, the destroyer. Hindu gods are believed to be able to come to the mortal world in the form of avatars — incarnations in human or animal form who can also shape-shift. The most famous examples are Rama and Krishna, two much-beloved avatars of Vishnu. The belief in avatars has also allowed Hindus to adopt elements of other religions, for example by accepting Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu. Hindus also believe that when the world has descended into complete evil and chaos, Vishnu will descend to Earth once more in the form of a new avatar known as Kalki, during which he will defeat the forces of evil and restore justice and order to the world. Many Hindu gods have consorts, with Saraswati as the consort of Brahma, Lakshmi as the consort of Vishnu, and Parvati as the consort of Shiva. These consort goddesses also can come down to Earth as avatars, frequently as the wives of their respective husbands' avatars. Other deities that are venerated include Indra, the god of thunder and lightning, and king of the gods, Agni, the god of fire and Ganesha, the elephant-faced god and son of Shiva. There is also a Hindu belief in the Brahman — the divine oneness — and therefore, some Hindus believe that all the gods and goddesses are manifestations of an overall oneness, and are monotheists. Hindus, especially in India and Nepal, have traditionally believed in a system of castes, which are essentially rather rigidly-defined social classes. The four main castes are the Brahmins, the highest caste which consisted of the priests, the Kshatriyas, which consisted of the kings, warriors and other members of the nobility, the Vaishyas, which consisted of the peasants, craftsmen and merchants, and the Shudras at the bottom, which consisted of the servants of the three higher castes. There are also a substantial number of people outside the caste structure, literally outcastes or "Untouchables" (also known as the dalit), who were so low on the social order that they were shunned by people with a caste. One's station in life at birth is traditionally considered to be a product of karma, the actions and consequences of what a living thing did in a previous life. One's caste was hereditary and considered to be the karmic result of reward or punishment for actions in a previous life, and intermarriage between people of different castes was strictly forbidden. Those who broke the rules of their caste would be thrown out and become an outcaste. Some advances have been made including affirmative action, but while casteism has been outlawed by the Indian government, like many other long-standing traditions, caste-based practices continue. Hinduism started in the Indian Subcontinent and spread to much of Southeast Asia during the reigns of the great Maurya, Gupta and Chola empires. It was prevalent in many powerful Southeast Asian empires and kingdoms for centuries, where it gave birth to some of the most beautiful and impressive temple complexes in the World. Nowadays, most of the population in formerly Hindu parts of Southeast Asia adheres to Islam, Buddhism or Christianity, though the Indonesian island of Bali and the ethnic Cham minority in central Vietnam remain majority-Hindu. However, vestiges of Hinduism continue to survive in the folk tales and arts of the region and in the syncretic beliefs of many Southeast Asians, including large numbers of Javanese people, who practice a mixed Animist/Hindu-Buddhist/Muslim belief system called Kejawen. Starting in the 19th century, there was a great exodus of Hindus from British India to other British colonies such as Malaya, Guyana, Trinidad, Fiji, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Burma, Hong Kong and Mauritius, mostly to work as indentured servants or unskilled laborers. In the 20th and 21st centuries, many Hindus have immigrated from India, East Africa and the West Indies to the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada and other Western countries, and a very large number have travelled to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait and other Arab Gulf States to work. Today, the only countries with a Hindu majority are India, Nepal and Mauritius. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness, commonly known as the Hare Krishnas, were founded in New York City in 1966 and have proselytized around the world, gaining converts to their brand of Hinduism. Many bodies of water are holy to Hindus, but above all is the great Ganges River of India, known in many northern Indian languages as Ganga and itself considered a Goddess. Ablutions in the river, being cremated there, or simply being close to it are considered holy. Hills and mountains are often considered holy. For example, in Bali, Gunung Agung, the tall volcano, is regarded as the holiest place on the island. The holiness of cows to Hindus is well-known around the world. Cows have the run of many streets throughout India, and most Hindus would never kill a cow for food but instead use the cow's milk and make dairy products with it, including ghee (clarified butter), yogurt, paneer (fresh cheese curd), buttermilk and a variety of desserts. Some fundamentalist Hindus even consider the life of a cow to be more important than the lives of their own family members. In Nepal, although the meat of domestic cows is not eaten, the meat of water buffaloes is part of Nepali cuisine. Monkeys are often considered holy and identified with the monkey god, Hanuman, one of the heroes of the classic Ramayana epic, so do not be surprised if lots of monkeys are running free and looking to steal your sandwich when you visit a temple that honours Hanuman. Elephants are also revered animals for Hindus as they are closely identified with the god Ganesha. For thousands of years Hindu people have used the Swastika as a symbol of peace that represents the Brahman (divine oneness) long before the Nazis twisted it into a symbol of evil. It is a very sacred symbol and is not meant to offend but instead to signify the universal connection of the entire Universe and all life in all its aspects, and especially energy. The Swastika is shared by Buddhists and Jains as a religious symbol. Another very prominent symbol in Hinduism is the sacred sound Om (also spelt as Aum). Om refers to the oneness of the Atman (soul) and Brahman (ultimate reality and entirety of the universe). You will commonly hear the word chanted as part of mantras in temples and yoga schools. It is also common to see the Sanskrit inscription of this word. There are many types of Hindu religious sites including: Temple: A structure designed to bring humans and Gods together. Temples in South Indian style typically include one or more gopuram, which are ornate and often colorful towers. South Indian empires had great influence in Southeast Asia in ancient times, so the construction of gopuram spread there as well. Ashram: A spiritual hermitage or monastery Goshala (also spelt Gaushala): A sanctuary and place of shelter for cows, a holy animal in the religion Ghat: A series of steps leading down to a holy body of water (river or lake) Pura: A Balinese Hindu temple. Literally "city" in Sanskrit. Because of the vastness, complexity and diversity of the religion, there are hundreds, if not thousands of Hindu holy sites in the world, mostly in South Asia. The destinations listed below are among the most notable but are only a small sample what you can experience as a traveller. 34.21575.5011 Amarnath (28 km northeast of Pahalgam), the site of the holy iced stalagmite Shiva Lingam 29.95678.172 Haridwar, literally meaning the "Gateway to God", located at the banks of the Ganges (Ganga) River 32.7174.863 Jammu, also known as the City Of Temples, is a major place of Hindu pilgrimage 32.9874.954 Katra, the gateway to the Mata Vaishno Devi temple, the second most visited Hindu temple in the world 26.882.25 Ayodhya, birthplace of legendary hero, Rama 24.8579.9333336 Khajuraho, a town famous for its large and ancient Tantric temple complexes 29.96571776.8370067 Kurukshetra, the site of the epic Mahabharata war and where Krishna is said to have delivered the message of the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna. 27.492577.6736118 Mathura, believed to be the birthplace of Krishna. 26.48765274.5559229 Pushkar, home to the most important temple dedicated to Brahma, the creator god. 25.28282.956310 Varanasi, the holiest city in the religion, along the banks of the Ganges River, and one of the oldest continuously-occupied cities in the world. 22.24027768.96861111 Dwarka, the city which Krishna is believed to have founded and ruled for 100 years. Also the site of the western matha, established by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century 9.9256578.1142512 Madurai, centre of worship of the Goddess Meenakshi, the consort of the God Shiva 10.879.1513 Thanjavur, once the capital of the great Chola Empire, and also home to many magnificent temples dating from that period. 13.6579.4214 Tirupati, home to the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple, the most visited place of worship in the world 9.28879.31315 Rameswaram, the closest point in India to Sri Lanka, the starting point of a chain of limestone shoals that stretch from India to Sri Lanka. These are believed by geologists to be remnants of a former land bridge, which Hindus believe to have been built by Rama for his troops to cross over to Lanka to rescue his wife Sita from Ravana. The town is also home to the Ramanathaswamy Temple dedicated to Shiva, which is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus because it is believed to be where Rama had prayed to Shiva to absolve him of the sins committed during the battle against Ravana in Lanka. The lingam in the temple sanctum is also believed to have been made by Rama himself. 19.89083386.10027816 Konark, has one of the greatest sun temples in the world, dedicated to the deity Surya, partially in ruins but gradually being restored 20.29605985.8245417 Bhubaneswar, A temple town and capital of Odisha. Literally meaning god of earth. Numerious of temple in the old town. 23.72888990.39444418 Dhaka, the capital, is home to the 800-year-old Dhakeshvari Temple, the country's "National Temple" 27.71666785.36666719 Kathmandu, home to Nepal's holiest Hindu shrine, the Pashupatinath Temple 25.51465.51520 Hinglaj, Balochistan. The Hinglaj Mata (Mother Goddess) temple is inside a cave and is surrounded by arid hills and gorges. Also revered by the local Muslim community, it has become a unifying point for Pakistan's remaining Hindu community. Devotees from across the nation make a four-day pilgrimage in April every year. 25.36169.74421 Umerkot, Sindh. The Shiva temple in Umerkot is one of the country's most famous, with the temple holding a vibrant three-day Shivaratri festival held in February/March every year. The pond at the temple complex is believed to have formed from Shiva's tears. Kataragama, A Hindu pilgrimage centre in southern Sri Lanka venerated by Sri Lankans of all faiths. The village itself is small but landscapes are great. Once inside the temple complex you will attend rituals that are strongly suggestive. The main event is the annual Esala Festival in July or August but ceremonies are held daily. Munneswaram Temple, located in Munneswaram village, a few km away from Chilaw, is well known for its celebration of Navaratri and Sivarathri festivals. 7.95694480.75972222 Sigiriya, said to have been the site of Ravana's fortress as depicted in the Ramayana. 13.433103.83323 Angkor Wat, the largest Hindu temple complex in the world -8.374317115.45090924 Besakih site of the holiest Hindu temple in Bali, on the slopes of the sacred volcano, Gunung Agung -7.752021110.49146725 Prambanan a very large ancient temple complex in Central Java -8.506854115.26247826 Ubud Bali, has quite a few temples and is well-known as a wellspring of classical and modern Balinese music and dance, which have religious content and are often performed in temple ceremonies 3.2374101.6839127 Batu Caves, in Kuala Lumpur's northern suburbs, features a huge statue of the God Murugan guarding the bottom of the stairs. 5.4025100.36528 Penang is also home to a significant Indian community, and the Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, located on a hill in George Town, is the focal point of Thaipusam celebrations in Penang. 3.033333101.4529 Klang, home to one of Malaysia's largest Indian communities with a large and vibrant Little India district. Near Little India is the impressive Sri Sundararaja Perumal Temple dedicated to Vishnu. 16.79596.1630 Yangon – Home to a significant ethnic Indian community that traces its origins to the colonial era, and the Shri Kali Temple in Little India is the main temple of the community. 21.172594.8631 Bagan – The Nathlaung Kyaung Temple, dedicated to Vishnu, stands as the only surviving Hindu temple in Bagan among thousands of Buddhist ones. Not far to the south of Bagan, in Myinkaba, is the Nanpaya Temple, which was built by the captive Mon King Makuta, and is dedicated to Brahma. Little India – The heart of Singapore's Indian community is naturally a place to look for Hindu temples, and several historically important temples are found in the area. The Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple, dedicated to Krishna, is perhaps the most important among them, and serves as the starting point for the annual Thaipusam and Thimithi processions. Another important temple, and the oldest in Little India is the Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple dedicated to the goddess Kali. Chinatown – Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore's oldest and most impressive Hindu temple is, perhaps surprisingly, located here and not in Little India. Particularly notable for its impressive and colourful gopuram on top of the main entrance. The annual Thimithi fire walking ceremony is held here. Tank Road – Home to the Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, decicated to Murugan and the end point of the annual Thaipusam procession. 13.756331100.50176532 Bangkok Home to a significant ethnic Indian minority, with the Mariamman Temple in Bangrak being the main temple of the community. Vestiges of Hinduism also survive in Thai Buddhism, and there are several nominally Buddhist shrines dedicated to Hindu deities, the most famous being the Erawan Shrine near the Grand Hyatt Erawan Hotel, dedicated to Brahma. The Devasathan in Phra Nakhon District is the headquarters of Hinduism in Thailand, and home to the Court Brahmins who perform some religious ceremonies for the king. If you're departing Bangkok on an international flight, the international departures area of Suvarnabhumi Airport has a large sculpture depicting the churning of the Ocean of Milk from Hindu mythology. Ho Chi Minh City — Once home to a significant ethnic Indian minority of Tamil origin, this community largely fled Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon. However, the main temple of the community, the Mariamman Temple in District 1, still stands and continues to be an active place of worship. Nha Trang — Home to the Po Nagar temple, a Cham Hindu temple that is still in active use. My Son, ruins of the former Champa civilisation, a Hindu kingdom whose lands mainly covered what is now the southern half of Vietnam. Ganga Talao (lake) in Savanne, Mauritius is the most sacred site for Mauritian Hindus. Nadi, Fiji has the Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple, the largest Hindu temple in the Pacific, featuring a colourful gopura. Trinidad and Tobago has the largest Hindu population among the Caribbean island nations. The Temple in the Sea at Waterloo is a popular pilgrimage site for Indian Trinidadians, and was built entirely on reclaimed land when the government denied its main benefactor permission to build it on existing land. There are many different Hindu festivals, some celebrated only in particular regions or only by devotees of a particular Hindu deity. In some predominantly Hindu areas the main festivals of other religions, such as Christmas or Eid al-Fitr, are also public holidays and are at least respected if not celebrated. The diversity of Hinduism means there are very few festivals, if any at all, celebrated by every devotee. However there are festivals that are celebrated or at least recognised by the vast majority of Hindus to be very significant. Diwali is the most important festival in Hinduism, and celebrated by Hindus the world over in late October or early November each year, at the dark of the moon in the Hindu month of Kartika; both the Sikh and Jain religions also have major festivals on the same day. The festival lasts five days in most parts of India. It celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, good over evil, and hope over despair. The main deity involved is Lakshmi, the Goddess of Prosperity. Many lanterns are lit, both in homes and around temples. Many people buy new clothes for the occasion. During the night in the big cities, fireworks will go off in every street and last for hours. There are many fine photo opportunities for travellers. Dussehra commemorates the death of demon Ravana at the hands of Rama, and is arguably the most important moment in the Ramayana epic tale. Throughout the Hindu world, giant effigies of Ravana are burnt to celebrate the triumph of good over evil. Holi, the festival of colours, is celebrated at the full moon before the spring equinox. The eve of Holi typically has bonfires, music and dancing. On the day itself, people paint each other with bright colours; dry powdered paints, buckets of liquid and water pistols are all used. Often plain white cotton garments are worn, to avoid messing up better clothes. It can get rather raucous, though some respect is shown; for example the Buddhist monks at Bodhgaya can walk through a crowd without being painted. Tourists, however, are not exempt — in fact, some of the crowd may particularly enjoy painting visitors. Tourists should dress with this in mind. Maha Shivaratri, meaning "the great night of Shiva", is celebrated annually in honor of the god Shiva and his wife, the goddess Parvati. It falls in the month of Maagh corresponding with January/February in the Gregorian calendar. Best places to attend Mahashivrati are Junagadh (Gujarat), Mandi (Himachal Pradesh), Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh), and Srikalahasti (Andhra Pradesh). Makar Sankranti is a harvest festival falling on the same date in the Gregorian calendar every year: 14 January. It's celebrated almost everywhere in India and Nepal. Makar Sankranti is known as Maghi in Punjab, Thai Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Uttarayana in Gujarat and Rajasthan, and Lohri in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Bonalu is a Telugu/Hindu festival celebrated for a Mother Goddess in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana. It falls in the month of Ashada Masam, in July/August. Participants in the Bonalu festival bear the deity on their head. Some trancing women dance while drummers give them the rhythm in a carnival-like atmosphere. Chhath Puja, dedicated to Sun God Surya, is unique to Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh and Nepal (Kathmandu, Janakpur, Malangawa). Navratri, meaning "nine nights" is a major festival in honor of the deity Durga, the wife of Shiva, held four times a year all over India. Traditional Garba dances are performed during the festival in Gujarat's main cities. Navratri is one of the most significant festivals among Punjabi and Jammu Hindus. Many devotees fast for up to seven days and on the eighth day perform Kanjak Puja , where young girls representing Durga are venerated and worshipped. Thaipusam or Kavadi is a festival in honor of Murugan, the Tamil God of War. Kavadi, literally meaning "sacrifice at every step" in Tamil, is a dance performed by the devotees during the festival. You can witness Thaipusam at Palani, where thousands of devotees flock to attend Kavadi. Outside of Tamil Nadu, Thaipusam celebrations take place in Mauritius; Batu Caves, a few km away from Kuala Lumpur; and Singapore. Thimithi, the Tamil fire walking festival celebrated just before Diwali, in which male devotees walk on burning coals. Also celebrated by the Tamil diaspora in Malaysia and Singapore. Ratha Yatra, also known as the Chariot Festival, commemorates the deity Jagannath, regarded to be the Lord of the Universe. The most famous celebration of the festival is held every year in Puri, Odisha. Nyepi, or the Hindu New Year, is the most important festival in Bali, where Diwali is not celebrated. On this day, all Balinese Hindus are required to refrain from all forms of entertainment, avoid lighting fires and observe a code of silence (which means no talking) for the entire day, as this is believed to be necessary to fool the evil spirits into thinking that the island is deserted. This means that the entire island, including the airport and all tourist facilities, shuts down for the entire day, and a curfew is imposed, meaning that you will be confined to your hotel. That said, many rituals are performed on the days leading up to, and the days immediately after this day, and these are a great way for tourists to experience the local culture. Galungan is the Balinese equivalent of Diwali, marking the triumph of good over evil, albeit celebrated on a different day. During this period, the Balinese believe that the spirits of their dead ancestors return to the world of the living, and offerings of food are made in order to appease them. You will see penjor, bamboo poles with offerings suspended at the end, lining the streets of Bali. Bharata Natyam (classical Indian dance) and various forms of classical Indian music are very commonly dedicated to a Hindu God or Goddess. For example, many kriti have lyrics of praise to a deity, and these are known to Hindu audiences even if the melodies are performed at a concert only by instrumentalists. Traditional forms of Hindu and Hindu-derived religious performance include: Kecak, a Balinese dance, usually by a group of men, who also do a loud rhythmic chant of "cha-ke-chak," which reenacts a battle from the classic Hindu epic, the Ramayana Legong, a classic Balinese dance that is traditionally performed by girls at ceremonies at Hindu temples Wayang Kulit, the shadow play based on stories from the Ramayana. There are different styles within Indonesia, notably including Central Javanese and Balinese, and related shadow play genres exist in other Southeast Asian countries — including Malaysia, where the state of Kelantan used to be the wellspring of another style of Hindu-derived Wayang Kulit and a traditional operatic style called Mak Yong, which included tales from the other major Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, but these are increasingly hard to find. In Central Java, Yogyakarta and Solo are best-known for Wayang Kulit. Wayang Orang, the traditional drama of Solo, Central Java that is performed live on stage by actor/dancers, with the accompaniment of a gamelan (classical Javanese orchestra) and based on stories from the Mahabharata Visitors to Hindu temples are required to take their shoes off before entering. Do not touch or climb onto the statues without permission. It is a safe option to dress conservatively when visiting, though the suitable dress standards will vary from region to region. Generally, the dress standards of South India and Bali are more liberal than those of North India. Men and women should avoid very explicit public displays of affection. In some temples, men and women are required to sit in separate areas. Many orthodox Hindu temples forbid entry to people of low castes and women during their menstrual period, and some forbid entry to non-Hindus. There are also a few temples that forbid entry to all women. The head is considered to be the holiest part of the body, and touching somebody else's head, even that of young children, is considered to be disrespectful and offensive to Hindus. Sanskrit is the original language of the Vedas, Hinduism's principal religious texts, as well as well-known Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. It is no longer spoken natively by any significant sector of the Indian population, though it continues to be widely used as a liturgical language in many temples, and many Sanskrit words survive in the languages of South and Southeast Asia. In addition to using the holy language, Sanskrit, Hindu temples tend to use the local language of the region when conducting their services. There are English signs at most popular Hindu temples around the world. Outside South Asia, the languages used in the temple are often based on the ethnic makeup of the community who go to the temple. For example in Western countries, Hindi may be spoken in North Indian-style temples while Tamil may be spoken in South Indian-style temples. The cow is a holy animal in Hinduism, and killing a cow is regarded as sacrilegious. Accordingly, Hindus are forbidden from eating beef, though this rule is interpreted somewhat loosely by Nepali Hindus, who eat the meat of water buffaloes (but not domestic cows). Hindus from certain groups and regions including most orthodox Brahmins are vegetarian. Vegetarianism in a Hindu context generally means not consuming meats and eggs but allows for the consumption of dairy. In fact, the high consumption and reliance on milk and dairy products is one of the reasons why Hindus hold the cow in great esteem. Some Hindu temples serve delicious vegetarian food at a low price. The holy food served at temples is called Prasad/Prashad and varies according to the festival and season. There are usually signature dishes for each major festival. There are often special "fasting" dishes served, which omit a particular food group. The type of fasting food again depends on the festival and reason for the fast. Most major airlines provide both Hindu vegetarian and Hindu non-vegetarian special meal options on their flights, though these generally have to be requested in advance. Bhang, a drink made from the cannabis plant, milk, spices and sugar is fervently consumed in Northern India and Nepal during the Holi festival (February-March). Devotees often chant holy prayers before drinking the beverage and entering into a dreamlike, spiritual state. Note that bhang is illegal in any country or jurisdiction where cannabis is prohibited, as marijuana is an integral ingredient of the recipe. Some Hindu sects forbid the consumption of alcohol, while the Hare Krishnas forbid the consumption of tea, coffee, Coca Cola and any other caffeine-containing drinks. Many ashrams, temples and other Hindu organizations teach yoga and meditation. Many foreigners including the Beatles have visited India to study these, but there are also many places that offer such classes outside of Hindu-majority areas. The word Om, used by millions of people as a mantra (sound) to aid in meditation, is an ancient Sanskrit word that has many meanings, including that of the divine oneness of all. The beginnings of yoga date back to at least the 5th century BCE, and while the knowledge and practice of yoga has spread far beyond the Hindu community, its original context was Hindu. There are many animals considered holy in Hinduism, including cows, monkeys and elephants. Often these animals are allowed to roam around freely around temples. Other animals such as stray dogs — and in rural areas, goats — are also frequently spotted. While fascinating, it is best not to feed or grab the attention of the animals. Watch out for monkeys and bulls in particular. They can attack you when you least expect it. Incense and ceremonies involving fire are a common feature of Hindu rituals. The smoke and smell will be uncomfortable for some and can pose a risk to people with respiratory issues such as asthma. The consumption of beef is illegal in Nepal and some states of India. Non-Hindus are also known to have been lynched for eating beef by fundamentalist Hindu mobs, who see it as their sacred duty to protect cows even if it is at the cost of human life. Buddhism Christianity Islam Judaism Sikhism Zoroastrianism
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Monday, May 2, 2011 Listen to this article Audio file created from text revision dated 2011-05-02 and may not reflect subsequent edits to this report. Audio Help / Audio Wikinews Al-Qaeda Other Al-Qaeda stories 18 June 2021: Fifteen killed in Mogadishu, Somalia suicide bombing 17 April 2021: US, UK, NATO to withdraw troops from Afghanistan 17 September 2019: US President Trump says Osama bin Laden's son killed 28 March 2017: U.S airstrike kills Senior Al Qaeda leader 11 February 2017: Yemen requests reevaluation of U.S. ground operations on its soil following raid 22 July 2016: Three suicide bombings in Yemen kill security personnel Attacks attributed to Al-Qaeda External and Inter-wiki links Wikipedia article about Al-Qaeda U.S. officials last night said Osama bin Laden, the al-Qaeda leader and orchestrator of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and embassy bombings in 1998, had been killed by U.S. special forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan near the capital Islamabad. White House officials say that four others were killed in the forty-minute raid that began at 2000 UTC yesterday—including a woman said to have been used as a human shield. One of those shot is thought to be bin Laden's son. An American helicopter was lost due to mechanical failure, but no U.S. forces or civilians were killed. U.S. President Barack Obama announced the news in a statement late last night. "I can report to the American people and to the world, that the U.S. has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden," Obama said. He confirmed he had been told in August of a lead to the location of bin Laden, and approved the operation last week. The operation involved a "small team of Americans", Obama said. The operation, led by the CIA, occurred nearly ten years after the 9/11 attacks. CIA director Leon Panetta notified U.S. legislators Sunday about the news. His body was verified using several methods, including DNA testing with DNA from a dead sister's body, stored in a Boston, Massachusetts hospital, as well as facial recognition. However, staff at the hospital in question—Massachusetts General Hospital—have not been able to "find any evidence" of the body ever being stored there. U.S. officials said his body was then buried at sea at around 0600 UTC today, "in accordance with Islamic law and traditions" and because of the difficulty of finding a country that would accept the remains of the world's most wanted man. Saudi Arabia, the country in which Osama bin Laden was born, refused a U.S. offer to take the body. Following the President's announcement, people started gathering in front of the White House in Washington, D.C., Times Square and Ground Zero—the site of the World Trade Center—in New York, to celebrate; singing the national anthem. Michael Bloomberg, the mayor of New York City, said he hoped the death of bin Laden would "bring some closure and comfort to all those who lost loved ones on September 11, 2001". The U.S. government is reportedly expecting al-Qaeda to soon release what they are likely to call a "martyr tape"—an audio recording made by bin Laden to be broadcast after his death. Although the death of the 54-year-old bin Laden, who was the most wanted person in the world, was greeted with celebration in the U.S., analysts have warned that al-Qaeda will "undoubtedly" launch a retaliatory attack. "I think the significance of what has happened cannot really be overstated," John Gearson, director of the Centre for Defence Studies at King's College London, said. Play media "There will be concerns that there could be some sort of retaliation, that al-Qaeda may well want to demonstrate that they are still strong and still in the game." He warned that U.S. officials may "lose their focus" after such a major victory, "and that will provide an opportunity for the remnants of al-Qaeda to reform and grow stronger." Hillary Clinton, the U.S. Secretary of State, appealed to Islamic militant fighters to use the opportunity of bin Laden's death to abandon their groups. "Our message to the Taliban remains the same, but today it may have even greater resonance: you cannot wait us out," she said. "You cannot defeat us. But you can make the choice to abandon Al Qaeda and cooperate in a peaceful political process." The president of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, said that "we have waken up in a safer world", with the news bringing "safety to millions of people", whilst U.S. senator John McCain sought to remind the American people to "be mindful that al-Qaeda and its terrorist allies are still lethal and determined enemies". The Kremlin reiterated that "revenge is inescapable for all terrorists", and that "only a joint struggle against global terrorism can bring a result". The United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary, William Hague, sought to remind people bin Laden was "the world's most prominent leader", going on to say that "it was of great importance that he was still alive and active, and it is unequivocally a good thing that he is no longer able to pursue terror, murder and mayhem in the world". Mentioning that security at British embassies worldwide have been increased in the wake of the news, he reiterated that the death of the al-Qaeda leader was a "serious blow", and that, "like any organisation that has suffered a serious blow, they will want to show in some way that they are still able to operate". Nicolas Sarkozy, the president of France, welcomed the news, along with many other European countries. He praised the "tenacity" of the U.S. attack, congratulating the "major blow" the move dealt to al-Qaeda. Eight French citizens were killed last week in a bomb blast in Marrakesh, and, although no group has yet claimed responsibility, it is speculated that al-Qaeda were behind the attack. Sarkozy paid homage to them, as well as other around the world, saying the "victims received justice today and France has thoughts for them and their families". Pakistani officials were not informed of the planned raid, with the White House saying this was "essential to the security of the operation and our personnel". However Obama emphasised that cooperation with Pakistan had helped in finding bin Laden. The operation, described by one senior White House official as "a surgical raid by a small team designed to minimise collateral damage", was not intended to take bin Laden alive. "It was a kill mission", said one security official. Bin Laden died after being shot in the head. Witnesses in Abbottabad have described how the U.S. forces carried out the raid on the compound, which had significant security features, including walls up to 18-foot high topped with barbed wire. "We saw four helicopters at around 2am. We were told to switch off lights of our homes and stay inside," one witness, who lives in the town of Bilal in Abbottabad, said. The man confirmed he had seen the wreckage of the U.S. military helicopter which crashed after experiencing mechanical difficulties. Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement that the U.S. "operation was conducted [by] U.S. forces in accordance with declared U.S. policy that Osama bin Laden will be eliminated in a direct action by the U.S. forces, wherever found in the world", noting that almost "30,000 Pakistani civilians" had been killed in terrorist attacks in recent years, with the "nation fully united in [its] resolve to eliminate terrorism". However, Pervez Musharraf, a former president of Pakistan, criticised the U.S. involvement, describing the operation as a "violation of [Pakistani] sovereignty," and saying the raid was a "a failure of both Pakistani and U.S. intelligence"; he stressed it would have been "far better" if the Pakistani Special Services Group had carried out the attack. Musharraf went on to say he was "surprised" bin Laden was found in Abbottabad, but added the terrorist leader "had declared war against Pakistan", and that the news came as a "victory for the people of Pakistan and all the peace loving people of the world". The news that bin Laden was hiding just a few hundred metres from Pakistan Military Academy, a similar institution to the U.S. West Point Academy or the UK Sandhurst, has been met with embarrassment on behalf of the Pakistani government, and scepticism from others. "This is a serious blow to the credibility of Pakistan", according to one Pakistani security analyst. Earlier today, Afghanistan president Hamid Karzai maintained he knew bin Laden was in Pakistan: "For 10 years we told NATO and the world community but for ten years they didn't listen to our voice. They burned Afghanistan for ten years but Osama was in Islamabad." Whilst many governments worldwide welcomed the death of bin Laden, more than 800 people marched in the Pakistani city of Quetta, paying homage to bin Laden and burning a U.S. flag. According to the organizer, "Bin Laden was the hero of the Muslim world and after his martyrdom he has won the title of great mujahed". At the march, pro-Taliban and anti-United States sentiments were chanted, before the protesters dispersed peacefully. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan have denied that bin Laden has been killed, although in a conference call to several Pakistani media outlets, a rebel spoksperson threatened to seek revenge: "If Bin Laden attained martyrdom, then we will avenge his death and we will attack the governments of Pakistan and the United States and their security forces". Although no images of bin Laden's body have been released, the Obama administration is, according to ABC News, in possession of gruesome photographs: a "massive head wound" where he took a bullet, with "blood and brains clearly visible". The price of oil has dropped following the announcement after speculation that the death of bin Laden will lower the risk of supply disruption in the Middle East, with a barrel of crude oil for June delivery falling by $1.92. ""Osama to Obama": Bin Laden addresses US President" — Wikinews, January 25, 2010 "Pakistani prime minister says Osama Bin Laden not in the country" — Wikinews, December 3, 2009 Death of Osama bin Laden Remarks by the President on Osama bin Laden AFP. "Hundreds join first Pakistan rally to honour bin Laden" — Herald Sun, May 2, 2011 "Press Briefing by Senior Administration Officials on the Killing of Osama bin Laden" — The White House, May 2, 2011 "Obama’s Remarks on Bin Laden’s Killing" — New York Times, May 2, 2011 "Reports: Osama bin Laden dead Derek Cheng and Hayden Donnell" — NZ Herald, May 2, 2011 Simon Mann. "Osama bin Laden dead: reports" — Sydney Morning Herald, May 2, 2011 Julie Pace. "Sources: Al-Qaida Head Bin Laden Dead" — ABC News (United States), May 2, 2011 "CIA operation kills Osama bin Laden in Pakistan" — Los Angeles Times, May 2, 2011 "Al Qaeda Leader Osama Bin Laden 'Is Dead'" — Sky News, May 2, 2011 Simon Mann. "Osama bin Laden dead" — Brisbane Times, May 2, 2011 Mark Hosenball and Jeff Mason. "Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden dead, Obama says" — Chicago Tribune, May 2, 2011 AP. "Crowds Gather In NYC, DC After Bin Laden Killed" — NPR, May 2,2011 Richard Adams. "Osama bin Laden is dead - reaction" — The Guardian, May 2, 2011 Declan Walsh, Richard Adams. "Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces" — The Guardian, May 2, 2011 PA. "Al-Qa’ida 'will strike back'" — The Independent, May 2, 2011 Press Release: "Death of Osama bin Ladin" — Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), May 2, 2011 "Osama bin Laden dead: live news and reaction" — The Guardian, May 2, 2011 Christian Schmollinger and Ayesha Daya. "Oil Drops Most in Two Weeks After U.S. Says Bin Laden Killed in Pakistan" — Bloomberg, May 2, 2011 PTI. "Osama's killing: US lawmakers warn Al Qaeda exists" — Business Standard, May 2, 2011 Reuters. "U.S. official: Osama bin Laden has been buried at sea" — Haaretz, May 2, 2011 "Russia welcomes killing of bin Laden - agencies" — Reuters, May 2, 2011 Donovan Slack and Farah Stockman. "Bin Laden dead" — The Boston Globe, May 2, 2011 Toby Harnden. "Osama bin Laden killed: how the deadly US raid unfolded" — The Daily Telegraph, May 2, 2011 Reuters. "US team's mission was to kill Osama bin Laden, not capture" — Jerusalem Post, May 2, 2011 Bonnie Malkin, Ben Hazell, Tom Chivers. "Osama bin Laden killed: live coverage" — Daily Telegraph, May 2, 2011 "US has violated our sovereignty: Musharraf" — NDTV, May 2, 2011 Press Release: "Foreign Secretary: "Need to remain vigilant against al-Qaeda"" — UK Foreign Office, May 2, 2011 Vaiju Naravane. "Fight against al Qaeda must continue: Sarkozy" — The Hindu, May 2, 2011 "TTP says Osama bin Laden alive" — Yahoo News, May 2, 2011 "Bin Laden ́s Death Confirmed, Taliban Vows Revenge" — Escambray (newspaper), May 2, 2011 "Bin Laden remains buried at sea; DNA work confirms death" — The Star, May 2, 2011 "FBI slaps 'Deceased' on bin Laden wanted poster" — Agence France Presse, May 2, 2011 "Osama bin Laden, the face of terror, killed in Pakistan" — CNN, May 1,2011 Peter Baker, Helene Cooper, Mark Mazzetti. "Bin Laden Is Dead, Obama Says" — New York Times, May 1, 2011 Jake Tapper. "White House Officials Debate Releasing Photographs of Bin Laden’s Corpse" — ABC News (United States), May 2, 2011 "World 'safer' without Bin Laden, says Obama" — BBC News Online, May 2, 2011 S.I. Rosenbaum. "Osama's sister's brain: the Boston Connection" — The Phoenix, May 2, 2011
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Stourport-on-Severn is a town of 20,000 people (2011) in Worcestershire. In the area close to Stourport there are several large manor and country houses, among which Witley Court, Astley Hall, Pool House, Areley Hall, Hartlebury and Abberley Hall (with its clock tower) are particularly significant. Hartlebury was the residence of the Bishops of Worcester from the early 13th century until 2007, and Astley Hall was the home of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, who died here in 1947. Created at the highest feasible navigable point on the river Severn, one of only 2 towns in the world that owes its existence to a canal (the Staffordshire and Worcestershire). You could drive through and not even know the canal is there, or the basin - but it is, and it is lovely. 52.338373-2.2807981 Stourport canal basins. (updated Oct 2016) 52.3391-2.2422 Hartlebury Castle, Hartlebury, Kidderminster, DY11 7XZ, ☏ +44 1299 250416. Modernised mid-13th century as a fortified manor house, bishop's palace and a museum. The castle features a tour with talking portraits and hidden speakers with a narrative based around Bishop Pepys, his wife and his daughter Emily. The castle features many rooms including a long corridor with a timeline rug starting with the Anglo-Saxons to when the British announced their withdrawal from the European Union in 2016. There are also a couple of on-site museums. (updated Oct 2016) 52.2817-2.338953 Witley Court and Gardens, Worcester Road, Great Witley, Worcestershire, WR6 6JT, ☏ +44 1299 896636. A spectular ruined stately home, 10 mile north west of Worcester. The ornamental fountain has been restored - when running, its central plume shoots up over 100 feet. adults £6.90, children £4.10, concessions £6.20. 52.336245-2.2825671 Stourport Boat Club (SBC) (Stourport Rowing Club), The Boathouse, Dunley Rd, DY13 0AA, ☏ +44 1299 823352. (updated Nov 2017) 52.346941-2.283251 Brinton's Arms, 75 Bewdley Rd, DY13 8XX, ☏ +44 1299 822723. (updated Nov 2017) 52.34275-2.2572461 Stourport Manor (Hallmark Hotel), 35 Hartlebury Road, ☏ +44 330 028 3421. (updated Oct 2016) 52.303-2.3932 The Elms, Stockton Rd, Abberley WR6 6AT (on A443), ☏ +44 1299 896666. One helluvan entrance to this splendid comfy hotel & spa in a Queen Anne mansion, great dining. (updated Aug 2020) 52.375239-2.3162391 Bewdley 52.3885-2.2492 Kidderminster 52.267-2.1533 Droitwich 52.3785-2.48214 Cleobury Mortimer 52.43-2.125 Hagley 52.3353-2.05796 Bromsgrove 52.458-2.1487 Stourbridge 52.191111-2.2222228 Worcester Kidderminster
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In your quest to modify your nissan 240sx you may find the following links useful: http://www.zilvia.net http://www.240sxforums.com http://www.7tune.com http://www.club240.com/forums http://forums.freshalloy.com http://www.nissansilvia.com http://www.ka-t.org http://www.sr20forum.com http://forum.aempower.com/forum/index.php? (New England) - http://forums.240sxone.com/ (Carolinas) - http://www.carolinanissans.com/ (Norcal) - http://www.ncda.net/forums (Norcal) - http://www.nor-cal240sx.com (Midwest) - http://www.midwest240sx.com (SW Missouri) - http://clubnosm.com/phpBB/index.php (Northwest) - http://www.northwestnissans.com/ (Southeast) - http://240atlanta.com (Mid-Atlantic) - http://www.MA240sx.net Factory Service Manuals - http://www.zeroyon.com Factory Service Manual alternate link - http://www.vosko.net/media/fsm/ Another FSM Source - http://www.carfiche.com/ Lets Radio - http://www.lazypenguin.net/letsradio/ Racing Seat Weights - http://www.supercarx.com/articles/specifications/seat_guide.htm An enthusiast’s web site which includes how-to articles and project progress - http://www.project-mayhem04.com/index2.htm http://www.frsport.com http://www.201motorsports.com http://www.7tune.com http://www.j-ondemand.com http://www.splparts.com http://www.pdm-racing.com http://www.turbo240.com http://www.xatracing.com http://www.driftfactory.com http://www.wiringspecialties.com http://www.phase2motortrend.com http://www.enjukuracing.com http://www.rbmotoring.com http://www.jspec.com http://www.projectnissan.com http://www.performancenissanparts.com http://www.tougefactory.com http://www.sensemotorsport.com http://www.justjap.com http://www.240sxmotoring.com http://shop.hybridynamics.com/ http://www.hayakuracing.com/store/ http://www.rs-enthalpy.com/ http://www.enjukuracing.com/ http://www.bikirom.com/ http://www.jimwolftechnology.com/ http://www.advancedjapautoimports.com.au
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Playa Gigante (El Gigante) is a small fishing pueblo located north of San Juan del Sur on the Southern Pacific Coast region of Nicaragua. The town itself consists of about 300 locals, a handful of expats, a couple of surf camps, and a couple of beachfront restaurants. It is located on a beautiful bay which is great for swimming, and located directly south of some excellent surfing beaches, accessible by foot. The cheapest way to get to Playa Gigante is by public bus. From Rivas, take the bus toward Las Salinas. This bus leaves generally every hour. Double check with the bus drivers. Get out at the first entrance to Gigante. From there you can either walk the 5 km into town, or if you are lucky, thumb a ride. There are also a few local businesses who offer a bus stop pick-up. Alternatively, there is one bus a day that leaves at 13:30 and goes directly to the center of Gigante. This bus does not run on Sundays. A cab from Rivas should cost no more than US$20. The road is now paved all the way into town! To return to Rivas, a school bus leaves from Gigante Monday-Saturday at 06:00, costs C$50 and drops off at Tola. You should be able to get a collectivo taxi to Rivas for a further C$30 (prices as of Jul 2019). It goes back from Tola to Gigante at 12:30 weekdays and 16:30 on Saturdays so you may also be able to get in this way. Alternatively, there is one bus a day that leaves Gigante at 07:30 and goes all the way to Rivas. This bus does not run on Sundays. Everything you could ever want to see in Playa Gigante is accessible by foot. Some local businesses and fishermen will rent their pangas for a day of surfing or fishing as well. Kayak rental is available in town. There are several car rental options within a 15-min drive of Gigante. You can rent motorycles for US$20 a day. English is quite widely spoken in the town, more so than is typical for Nicaragua, although Spanish will help of course. Options in and around town include: Hike to the top of the Giant's Foot (1 hour at most, easy climb) Surf Playa Amarillo, Playa Colorado, Panga Drops, (all within walking distance) Hire a boat and surf Manzanillo or other more distant breaks Go on a howler monkey hunt Rent kayaks and head to the jumping rock Rent a bicycle or motorcycle and explore Go snorkeling Go spear-fishing Go swimming in the beautiful bay Have lunch at one of the beachfront restaurants Stay at one of the surf camps with your buddies and surf your brains out Play pool with the locals at the local pool hall Take a drive to the local hot springs (30 mins away) Go on a nature walk Several options in the town. Prices are not as low as in some parts of Nicaragua (typically C$120-300 for a main dish as of Jul 2019) but food is generally very good in El Gigante and it's hard to go too far wrong whichever restaurant you choose. Juntos Beach Bar Hotel Brio Cafe Cicada Macheles Kechita's Corner Comida Ipolita Mamalyn's Mar y Mar Blue Sol Buena Vista 11.38739-86.032071 Giant's Foot Surf, ☏ +505 8277 5111. offers all-inclusive surf tours from March-September. During other parts of the year, they operate as a beachfront hotel and take walk-ins. Pet-friendly. (updated Sep 2020) 11.39087-86.026872 Hotel Brio. Pet friendly, with a/c. (updated Sep 2020) 11.38988-86.032423 Machele's Place Beachside Hotel & Pool, ☏ +505 8238 4258. (updated Sep 2020) 11.39204-86.033154 Hacienda Amarilla del Mar, ☏ +1 510 798 3057. (updated Sep 2020) 11.393239-86.03485 Monkey House Hostel, ☏ +505 8255 7547. Right on Punta del Arco. Nice bar scene or place to sleep away in a hammock.
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Manjeri is a city in Malabar, Kerala. Its population is 97,000. Manjeri is accessible by road from Kozhikode and Palakkad. Autorikshaws, taxis and minibuses are available. Ali Musliyar Smarakam, Valluvanad Bridge (10 km). scenic place and river. (updated May 2015) All India Radio, College Hills. (updated May 2015) Ernad Knowledge City (\), Kuttappara (5 km). (updated May 2015) Pandallur Hills. Beautiful dam and rocky surroundings. (updated May 2015) Payyanad Juma Masjidh, Pandikkad Road (4 km). (updated May 2015) Poonkudi Mana (Ancient Herbal treatment for lunatics.) (6 km). (updated May 2015) 11.0945876.147941 Pullancheri, Dam, hills and river. (updated May 2015) Stadium Complex Hill, Pandikkad Road (3 km). (updated May 2015) Umbrella Stone, Kudakkallu at Pattarkulam. 2000 years old.. (updated May 2015) 11.1094276.132692 Vettekode, Chinmaya Mission. Beautiful hillock. (updated May 2015) Zero to Ten boutique, Pandikkad road (1 km). (updated May 2015) Al-Madheena Restaurant, Bypass junction. (updated May 2015) Al-Baik Restaurant, Kozhikode Road, ☏ +91 96057 88800. (updated May 2015) Gaffoorkka's Thattukada, Pandikkad Road. (updated May 2015) Goggrill Global, Rajiv Gandhi Byepass, Manjeri. Popular for very hot chicken fry. (updated Jan 2021) Picnic Bar, court road. City Dormitory, Near Prasanthi Hospital, Court Road (1 km). (updated Jun 2015) J.S.S.Residency, Kuthukal, ☏ +91 98950 60668. (updated May 2015) Jaseela Hotel, Karuvambram, Bypass junction. (updated May 2015) Farza Hotel, Kuthukal, Pandikkad Road. (updated May 2015) Kasthoory Hotel, Near Coffee House (1 km), ☏ +91 9447627772. vegetarian restaurant attached. (updated May 2015) Pookkatt Lodge, Chettiyar Kulam, Nilambur Road (3 km). (updated Jun 2015) Malampuzha Gardens. Malappuram Mysore Ooty
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Philip "Phil" Arthur Fisher (September 8, 1907 – March 11, 2004) was an American investor and author. Look at the analysts around you. Although few of them are living in downright squalor, most do not seem quite so financially well off as should be warranted by taking full advantage of the unusual field in which they are working. Therefore should we conclude (1) analysts are a bunch of dumbbells, or (2) it is impossible to do what most of them are attempting, which is possibly a polite way of saying they are a bunch of charlatans, or (3) there are fundamental errors in the methods of approach used by sizable numbers of them, which errors of method prevent them from accomplishing the results that their basic intelligence would otherwise attain? (1954). "Why do not financial analysts make more money?". Financial Analysts Journal 10 (2): 65-67. After one year in Stanford's then brand-new Graduate School of Business Administration, I entered the business world in May 1928, I went to work for, and twenty months later was made head of, the statistical department of one of the main constituent units of the present Crocker-Anglo National Bank of San Francisco. Under today's nomenclature I would have been called a security analyst. ... On March first 1931, I started Fisher & Co. which, at that time, was an investment counseling business serving the general public with its interests centered largely around a few growth companies. This activity prospered. Common Stocks and Uncommon Knowledge. 1997. pp. vii–viii. (1st edition, 1958, Harper & Brothers) In its letter of December 1956, the First National City Bank of New York furnished a table showing the worldwide nature of the depreciation in the purchasing power of money that occurred in the ten years from 1946 to 1956. ... Of course, these figures are only conclusive for this one ten-year period. They do indicate, however, that these conditions are worldwide and therefore not too likely to be reversed by political trends in one country. What is really important concerning the attractiveness of bonds as long-term investments is whether a similar trend can be expected in the period ahead. It seems to me that if this whole inflation mechanism is studied carefully it becomes clear that major inflationary spurts arise out of wholesale expansions of credit, which in turn result from large government deficits greatly enlarging the monetary base of the credit system. The huge deficit incurred in winning World War II laid such a base. The result was that prewar bondholders who have maintained their positions in fixed-income securities have lost over half the real value of their investments. 1997 edition. pp. 9–11. The business "grapevine" is a remarkable thing. It is amazing what an accurate picture of the relative points of strength and weakness of each company in an industry can be obtained from a representative cross-section of those who in one way or another are concerned with any particular company. Most people, particularly if they feel there is no danger of their being quoted, like to talk about the field of work in which they are engaged and will talk rather freely about their competitors. Go to five companies in an industry, ask each of them intelligent questions about the strength and weakness of the other four, and nine times out of ten a surprisingly detailed and accurate picture of all five will emerge. However, competitors are only one and not necessarily the best source of informed opinion. It is equally astonishing how much can be learned from both vendors and customers about the real nature of the people with whom they deal. Research scientists in universities, in government, and in competitive companies are another fertile source of worthwhile data. So are executives of trade associations. 1997 edition. p. 17. What are these matters about which the investor should learn if he is to obtain the type of investment which in a few years might show him a gain of several hundred per cent, or over a longer period of time might show a correspondingly greater increase? In other words, what attributes should a company have to give it the greatest likelihood of attaining this kind of results for its shareholders? 1997 edition. p. 19. From time to time, fundamental changes of great investment significance affect large groups of common stocks. Usually for some time after these new influences are felt, the great majority of the investment community have little appreciation of their true importance. Then as the real significance of what has happened dawns, a spectacular change occurs in the market price of the affected securities. Fortunes are sometimes made by those who appreciated the significance of what was happening early—before it was importantly reflected in changed quotations for individual stocks. Paths to Wealth through Common Stocks. 2007. p. 1. (1st edition, Prentice-Hall, 1960) The first and probably the most important thing for the investor to recognize about inflation is this: As long as the overwhelming majority of Americans maintain firmly held existing opinions concerning the duties and obligations of their government, more and more inflation is inevitable. ... Why is more inflation so sure to come? Because under the economic system we have established the seeds of inflation sprout not in times of prosperity but in times of depression About eighty per cent of our federal revenue is derived from corporate and individual income taxes. The base source of federal funds is notoriously sensitive to the level of general business. It shrinks sharply on even moderate downturns in the general economy. However, this is not all that happens when general business gets bad. We have enacted laws, including unemployment insurance and farm relief, which make make mandatory a sharp increase of government payments in just these same periods of bad business when federal income is lowest. Furthermore, these laws already on the statute books are almost certainly but the smallest part of the special outpouring of government money that would occur when a truly severe depression might develop. 2007 edition. p. 4. Above all, dividend policy should always be clear, consistent and rational. A capricious policy will confuse owners and drive away would-be investors. Phil Fisher put it wonderfully 54 years ago in Chapter 7 of his Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits, a book that ranks behind only The Intelligent Investor and the 1940 edition of Security Analysis in the all-time-best list for the serious investor. Phil explained that you can successfully run a restaurant that serves hamburgers or, alternatively, one that features Chinese food. But you can’t switch capriciously between the two and retain the fans of either. Warren Buffett, Chairman's Letter - 2012. Berkshire Hathaway (March 1, 2013). ... Throughout my career, people have asked me why I don't do things more like my father did or why I don't do things more like Mr. Buffett. The answer is simple. I am I, not them. I have to use my own comparative advantages. I'm not as shrewd a judge of people as my father and I'm not the genius Buffett is. ... I guarantee that you cannot be Warren Buffett no matter what you read or how hard you try. You have to be yourself. That is the greatest lesson I got from my father, a truly great teacher at many levels—not to be him or anyone else, but to be the best I could evolve into, never quitting the evolution. Kenneth L. Fisher, in: Introduction by Kenneth L. Fisher, Hagstrom, Robert G. (2004). The Warren Buffett Way (2nd ed.). p. xxiii. Wikipedia has an article about: Philip Arthur Fisher
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Thursday, July 27, 2006 2006 Lebanon War Recent news Israel says cluster bomb use was legal French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin visits Beirut Belgian peacekeepers wounded in Lebanon Studies find radioactive material at Israel bomb site in Lebanon Israel to end Lebanon blockade Turkish Parliament approves sending troops to Lebanon Complete coverage Wikipedia links Hezbollah Israel Lebanon 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict On Sunday, Dr. Azmi Bishara, leader of the Balad Arab nationalist political party in Israel and member of the Israeli Knesset (Israeli Parliament) compared the current military actions by Israel unfavorably with similar previous conflicts in Lebanon. In an article for the Arab Times Bishara said; "The only difference between today and the earlier bombardments — the 'Day of Reckoning' and 'Grapes of Wrath' between 1993 and 1996 — is that Syrian forces are no longer present in Lebanon." American Spencer Witt, who is filing daily reports from Lebanon, compared the difficulty average citizens are having today with those experienced during past operations; "Etienne was a freshman in high school during Operation Grapes of Wrath — 16 days of Israeli strikes that resulted in the destruction of Lebanese power plants and left much of the country in the dark. And now this." Witt said. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has said that the killing of 8 Israeli soldiers and the abduction of another two soldiers by Hezbollah militants on July 12 was an act of war; "The murderous attack this morning was not a terror attack but an act of war," Olmert said. Lebanon has Hezbollah members in its parliament and "must bear full responsibility. Israel's response will be restrained but very, very, very painful." Olmert said on July 12, 2006. Olmert told Israeli legislators today that; "We want a two-kilometer (1.2-mile) space from the border in which it will not be possible to fire rockets toward soldiers and civilians houses and in which there will not be contact with military border patrols." Israeli soldiers previously patrolled a "security zone" during Israel's 18-year occupation of south Lebanon. Olmert said today; "We do not have any intention of returning to the security zone but want to create an area where there will be no Hezbollah." and he repeated Israel's call for an international force (being referred to as "muscular" or "robust") to be put on the Israel-Lebanon border. "We need international intervention forces that have military capabilities and ability to respond and enforce, and not forces similar to UNIFIL." he said, referring to U.N. peacekeepers. "I don't know when there will be a cease-fire. This is difficult, but we will stand up to this. ... We want to end the violent operation as quickly as possible but we won't end it before we believe we can achieve results that justify the price we have paid." Dr. Bishara lambasted every aspect of Israel's position in this current conflict; "Any comparison between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert's and Hezbollah chief Nasrallah's political rhetoric must conclude that the latter is the more rational. His speeches are more consistent with the facts and rely less than Olmert's on religious expressions and allusions...Israeli politicians have no cultural or moral edge over resistance leaders. The latter are far less attached to Iran than the former are to the US...The people who unleashed the brutal war against Lebanon are neither intelligent nor courageous. Quite the opposite; they are mediocrities, cowards and opportunists, but they happen to have military superiority. And they possess the keys to the machinery of a state, a real state, one that is secure in its identity, that has clear national security goals and channels of national mobilization, as opposed to a long deferred project for statehood and a states built on the fragmentation of national identity." Regarding the current conflict, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert told an Israeli parliament committee Wednesday that Israel would not reoccupy any part of southern Lebanon. However, speaking on Israeli army radio, Justice Minister Haim Ramon - a close confidant of Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert - said "everyone understands that a victory for Hezbollah is a victory for world terror". He said that in order to prevent casualties amongst Israeli soldiers battling Hezbollah militants in southern Lebanon, villages should be flattened by the Israeli air force before ground troops move in. "All those now in south Lebanon are terrorists who are related in some way to Hezbollah," Mr Ramon said. Mr Ramon's call for the use of greater firepower came as the Israeli cabinet was set to decide whether to broaden its military offensive. "World 'backs Lebanon offensive'" — BBC News Online, July 27, 2006 Sam F. Ghattas. "Report: 12 Israeli troops die in fighting" — AP, July 26, 2006 Spencer Witte. "The New Beirut Nightlife" — Fox News, July 23, 2006 Dr. Azmi Bishara. "The Hiroshima of Our Times" — Arab News, July 22, 2006 Julie Stahl. "Israel Sees Hizballah Provocations As 'Act of War'" — Crosswalk.com, July 12, 2006 Laurie Copans, AP. "Israel seeks 1.2-mile-wide 'security zone'" — Yahoo!, July 12, 2006
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Sunday, November 20, 2005 South Thailand insurgency Related stories Islamic insurgents kill three in Thailand Insurgent attack in South Thailand injures 24 40 injured after attacks in Thailand Police officer killed, at least 18 injured in south Thailand blasts 17 hurt in southern Thailand blasts, schools closed The involved provinces and surrounding area of Thailand and Malaysia Wikipedia has articles on Thailand South Thailand insurgency 2005 Songkhla bombings Patani United Liberation Organization and the involved provinces, Pattani Narathiwat Yala Songkhla See also Royal Thai Government Police in Thailand have reported two bomb explosions in the southern province of Narathiwat. Twelve people are reported to have been injured, including three police officers, a two-year-old boy, and a 58-year-old Malaysian tourist. The two explosions came within a five minute interval around 6:00am local time (23:00 GMT). The target of the attack was a restaurant in a market town, Sungai Golok, which borders with Malaysia. Police Captain Teerapak Sengseng said that the first of the explosive devices was concealed in a fruit basket, and that as the blast was being investigated the second device exploded only metres away. The ongoing violence which is believed to be the work of insurgents in the predominantly Muslim south of Thailand has resulted in over 1,000 deaths since January 2004, with the Associated Press putting the figure at over 1,100. The area remains under Martial law which was recently extended to some areas of neighbouring Songkla Province. The provinces, Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat which were formerly the Malay Sultinate of Pattani are the only Muslim-majority part of the traditionally Buddhist country. There have been some suggestions that residents of the southern provinces are not accorded the same opportunities as those in other parts of the country. Thailand's economic improvements from increases in tourism during recent years have not yielded any benefits to the troubled provinces. Public statements by the Thai Prime Minister, Thaksin Shiniwatra, have given the impression that areas which have not given support to his Thai Rak Thai political party will not be prioritised by his government; this impacts the south which returned opposition Democrats during elections earlier this year. The almost daily violence in the provinces bordering Malaysia is expected to be among the subjects discussed at talks between former Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad and Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shiniwatra. The former PM is expected to meet Mr Shiniwatra at his official residence in Ban Phitsanulok early next week. "Bombs explode in Thailand's restive south" — ninemsn.com.au, November 20, 2005 "Blasts wound 12 in Thailand" — ABC, November 20, 2005 "Malaysian, 11 Thais injured in border market bombs" — Bangkok Post, November 20, 2005 "Thai government defends move to impose martial law in south" — ABC, November 4, 2005 "Former Malaysian PM to discuss situation in deep South with Thai PM" — MCOT, November 18, 2005 "Blasts hit Thailand market" — NDTV.com, India, November 20, 2005 "15 injured in bombings and drive-by shootings in violence-plagued southern Thailand" — Pravda.RU, November 20, 2005 Siri Anya. "COMMENTARY: Beware the rising tide" — ThaiDay, November 7, 2005
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Sunday, April 8, 2007 Three players for the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers football team have been arrested following a rape allegation. The three players have been identified as defensive end Alex Daniels, cornerback Keith Massey, and running back E.J. Jones, all sophomores. They are in custody at the Hennepin County Jail pending charges. Bail has been set at $100,000 for each player. The three are accused of raping an 18-year old woman at the University Village Apartments, where the accused players live. "Overnight one of the University Officers was flagged down by a young woman who wanted to make a report that she'd been sexually assaulted," said University Police Chief Greg Hestness. Hestness did not disclose further details of the allegations, though he stated the players "were booked on criminal sexual conduct in the third degree. And that usually does involve penetration, non-consensual penetration." Once an investigation is complete, the case will be presented to the Hennepin County attorney for possible charges. Following Saturday's spring scrimmage at the Metrodome, new coach Tim Brewster said "Obviously it's a disappointing situation that's been presented to me. There's an investigation that's ongoing that we're going to cooperate fully with." The players have been suspended pending the outcome of the investigation, and did not participate in the annual intrasquad game. Gophers athletic director Joel Maturi said "We will let the process take its course and then do the appropriate thing. But I'm not ready to abandon these kids. It's our responsibility to stand by them and their families." Ford, Tom and Scoggins, Chip. "Three Gophers football players remain jailed" — Star Tribune, April 7, 2007 "3 Gopher Football Players Arrested" — WCCO, April 7, 2007 "3 Gophers suspended in wake of police investigation" — ESPN, April 6, 2007
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Coming through this event (earth), including life on earth and assuming that the balance found in our happiness was a method of stamping to our individual life (life, soul, spirit) when/if we die. That would mean our Life/Soul/Spirit would be separate from our body (hopefully not neglected in some galaxy vault governed by some fruit cake). During many stages throughout my understanding and looking deeply into things a few thoughts spring to mind like "astral projection", "outer body experience", "sleep", "death", "birth", "unconsciousness". Something happens when you try to astral project, some kind of locking, lock-down or bind between the head area and the neck. As this process is very different from anything I have experienced and at a given indicates something happening in preparation for something. The only way to describe it is like a hold to the body from Life/Soul/Spirit. I assume death is the same or similar. The list above demonstrate that we exist outside of our conscious body state entering assumed territory. Sleep seems to be the target for those brave, admirable and trusted sources to operate in the absence of our awareness delivering all those dreams. So defining the fact that away from consciousness and awareness we exist (maybe stepping up or down to another time frame dimension) and we continue to return to our reality its seems obvious to me that Life/Soul/Spirit/Artificial Life/Form (whichever you may be or feel comfortable being) exists outside and inside of our body. The next step would be to try to keep it (Life, Soul, Spirit, Form) attached eternally. Those that may already have it, those that are artificially bound to a model, those who consider their ability to control our fate by leading us into doomination or maybe a genetic process. How about success say in fame or fortune to be a key to why selected breeds should domineer the industries in which may produce a working solution via chemical or method. Why free knowledge becomes so expensive. Lets be fair probably a system already prepared for only a selected minority who are without remorse, care or balance formed from the same structures we where all guided into. Given that you are human, and I am... We should all have the chance for external Life without the fucked up secrecy / greed / conflict that circulates. not forgetting the dragged on equations for the time dependents. Can you imagine a continuous line of militant generals relieved that they saved the world by destroying it and even had a bail out plan of cities underground. Given that those type of things live on and escalate to another world (heavenly by design) and start forcing democratatorship from a propagandized, triple standard, military force and hypocritical point of view. Not forgetting applying taxes or we will send in the heavies approach. We come in PEACE. of mind. Perhaps its a thought that when the (numero uno) Creator makes his choice it will be for his creation anyways, US!. So fear not if you are human, sinned a little and prepared for change then he probably has spent some billions of years preparing it. However if your the type to torment, scheme, deny reality, bombard the mind, persecute, torture, victimize, seek revenge, oppose universal laws, unbalance the equation deliberately, cause conflict, hostile or EVIL then this may not be your lucky time. Especially if you thought bombing to the bunkers sitting behind nuclear weapons or WofMD and that no-one could get you there. Hmmm. Beside why would our creator need land he just makes it. And where do we go from there?? I ask myself who is responsible for all this? and who controls time, space, dimensions, layers, Orbit, Mind, Creation, Life/Soul/Spirit/Form, that we grown-ups are mature and partially responsible for. Especially after 60 or so years practicing within our reality broadening the horizon for economic growth and stability for all those sharing into wealth. Beside that beggar isn't like you or me, forcecourse women need to work into paying off your war bill debt or the deficit. Gingivitis a public mail service just after the stamps where increased and stood to make a great profit that would help pay off the deficit was just the right approach. I bet uncle george bought shares too. Anyways forgetting all that it's a good job we are allowed to be human and make mistakes. So I raise the very question we all ask (given our end of time calculation for man-kind) what on EARTH does DEAD stand for ?? and who the fuck was Allo Domini. Lets take a look at the word individual (meaning two or more). Check out the saying "The Truth is out there!" one means 1, I must agree with you. How about 1 thing at a time :) Time is nigh!
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Capitólio is a town in Southern Minas Gerais. The slogan for the city is "Queen of the Lakes" in reference to its proximity to the Furnas reservoir. Capitólio has become an important tourist destination in Minas Gerais, much sought after due to its beautiful waterfalls and clear water rivers. The Furnas Canyon is the main attraction, with its stone walls invaded by the green waters of Lake Furnas. With the flooding of the lake, part of the old town of Capitólio was submerged. When the water goes down more than 10 meters the old church of the ruins of the town of Guapé can be seen. The region is famous for a type of stone called "pedra mineira", and there are quarries for its mining. The town is at an elevation of 760 meters and its population as of 2020 is 8,600 people. From Belo Horizonte Expresso Gardenia goes directly for R$109 (Dec 2021). You can also check Blablacar for rides around R$60 (Dec 2021). From Passos Expresso Gardenia has rides for R$31 (Dec 2021), Blablacar for around R$20 (Dec 2021). Furnas Lake: Created by the Furnas dam, the reservoir has an area of 1,440 km2. It is known as the "Sea of Minas". Praia Artificial de Capitólio: The artificial beach lies in the city limits and has an area of 24,895.12 square meters. It is on the Rio Piumhi and was inaugurated in 1988. It has public bathrooms, a covered area for festivals, two sports courts, a covered court and an area for walking. It is here where the carnival celebrations take place. Cachoeira Lagoa Azul: It is located 31 km from the urban area. There is clear water with natural pools. Morro do Chapéu: This is a mountain with an elevation of 1,293 meters. On the top one can find a plateau with tropical vegetation and springs of water that form waterfalls as they descend the slopes. There are still animals such as wolves, armadillos and tamanduás. From the heights one can see the immense lake below and the cities of Capitólio, Guapé, Alpinópolis and Nova Barra. Canyons: in Furnas Lake there are rock formations with a height of more than 20 meters. Balneário do Lago Hotel Cyrilos Palace Hotel Hotel Capitólio Hotel Escarpas do Lago Hotel Fazenda Engenho da Serra, Hotel Minastur and Lara's Hotel. You can find hostels and private rooms ...: Passos – 70 km. It's near Capitólio and also at the Furnas Canyon. Passos is famous for its good parties, which include shows, bars and night clubs. Expressia Gardena goes there for R$31 (Dec 2021), Blablacar rides are for around R$20 (Dec 2021). Divinópolis – 160 km. The highlights are the Lake of Roses and the beach at Carmo do Cajuru. You can check rides on Blablacar. Belo Horizonte – 280 km. Prefeitura municipal de Capitólio Template:Webarchive
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Capacitance- The capacitance of a capacitor is measured in farads (F). One farad is one coulomb of charge per volt. C = capacitance measured in farads Q = charge measured in coulombs V = potential difference measured in volts A capacitor is a charge storing device. Charges (Q) are measured in coulombs. A single electron carries a charge of 1.6x10^-19 C. A capacitor is two metal plates separated by an insulator (or dielectric). 1 farad is a very large capacitance. Typically capacitors have a capacitance around the micro-farad, nano-farad and pico-farad sizes. Energy Stored by a Capacitor: The charge stored by a capacitor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the plates of the capacitor. The area underneath the line on the graph is equal to the energy stored by the capacitor measured in Joules. E=energy stored by the capacitor measured in Joules Q=charge within the capacitor measured in coulombs V=potential difference measured in volts C=the capacitance of the capacitor in farads Capacitor discharge: As the capacitor discharges the electrons from the negative plate flow to the positive plate of the capacitor and a current flows in the circuit. The graph below shows the exponential decay curve when the charge is plotted against time for a discharging capacitor. Q=the charge of the capacitor at time t measured in coulombs Q0=the charge of the capacitor when t=0 seconds measured in coulombs t=the time the capacitor has been discharging measured in seconds C= the capacitance of the capacitor measured in coulombs R= the resistance in the discharging circuit measured in ohms RC time constant: The RC time constant gives us an idea of how quickly the capacitor will discharge. If the RC time constant is large, the capacitor will take a greater time to discharge than if the RC time constant is small. RC time constant is worked out by multiplying the resistance of the circuit and the capacitance of the capacitor. The time constant is equal to the time it takes for the charge on a capacitor to reach 1/e (37%) of its initial value. We can find the RC time constant from the graph. Because RC =37% of the charge, to find an estimate for the time taken for the capacitor to be empty, we multiply the RC time constant by 5.
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Stephen Gary Wozniak (born August 11, 1950), also known by his nickname "Woz", is an American electronics engineer, computer programmer, philanthropist, and technology entrepreneur. In 1976, he co-founded Apple Inc. with business partner Steve Jobs, which later became the world's largest information technology company by revenue and the largest company in the world by market capitalization. Through their work at Apple in the 1970s and 1980s, he and Jobs are widely recognized as two prominent pioneers of the personal computer revolution. Steve Jobs doesn't use a Mac, and won't, because it's too crappy in his opinion. Commenting on Steve Jobs's stewardship after his return to Apple, before the release of Mac OS X, MacTech Vol. 14 No. 5 (May 1998) I went drinking with Gray Powell and all I got was a lousy iPhone prototype. On a T-shirt making fun of Powell's plight, after having lost a next-generation iPhone prototype, as reported in "Woz has fun with leaked iPhone T-shirt" at cnet news (23 April 2010) The Fifth HOPE (Hackers on Planet Earth) Conference, Saturday keynote speech (10 July 2004) Wherever smart people work, doors are unlocked. I also like to ride Segways. How much fun that is! Anybody think that's fun? I hope so... There's an awful lot of people in the world that sneer at Segways because other people are having fun. There must be something bad about it. But I always tell people, that hey, these Segways are so environmentally conscious. I carry four of them in the trunk of my Hummer. A lot of hacking is playing with other people, you know, getting them to do strange things. I'm surprised at the extent of the bigotry. But it really plays out when companies or schools take a side and prohibit the other platform at all. We Mac users should be good even when the other side is bad. We should do what we can to accept the other platforms. All the best people in life seem to like LINUX. "Letters-General Questions Answered" p. 1 Creative things have to sell to get acknowledged as such. Steve Jobs didn't really set the direction of my Apple I and Apple II designs but he did the more important part of turning them into a product that would change the world. I don't deny that. "Letters-General Questions Answered" p. 96 Some great people are leaders and others are more lucky, in the right place at the right time. I'd put myself in the latter category. But I'd never call myself a normal designer of anything. "Letters-General Questions Answered" p. 96 The transition to a GUI, and eventually to one close to a Macintosh, was a far greater step than refinements since. Some of these are just simple alternatives, which can't be over-valued due to increasing the complexity of having less consistency in how things are done. Others of these are more akin to rearranging the furniture. The great change was in becoming a modern GUI machine. In that sense, virtually every machine is a 'Macintosh' now. Explaining his comment that now "Every PC is a Macintosh", "Letters-General Questions Answered" p. 105 iWoz : Computer Geek to Cult Icon : How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It (2006) I never lie, even to this day. Not even a little. Unless you count playing pranks on people, which I don't. That's comedy. Entertainment doesn't count. A joke is different from a lie, even if the difference is kind of subtle. p. 12 If you love what you do and are willing to do what it takes, it's within your reach. And it'll be worth every minute you spend alone at night, thinking and thinking about what it is you want to design or build. It'll be worth it, I promise. p. 300 It had to be that artistically perfect, because it represents yourself when you do a great design. I wanted my own computer my whole life. Soldering things together, putting the chips together, designing them, drawing them on drafting tables — it was so much a passion in my life. And to this day, I'll go stay at the bottom of the org chart being an engineer, because that's where I want to be. Steve Wozniak Debunks One of Apple's Biggest Myths - YouTube Did you really invent the computer, or am I being pranked right now? Stephen Colbert on The Colbert Report (28 September 2006) Wikipedia has an article about: Steve Wozniak Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Steve Wozniak Woz.org Steve Wozniak's Website Steve Wozniak, Genius of Apple Collection of more than 20 Interviews with Steve Wozniak An interview with Steve Wozniak Interview at Slashdot.org
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Laurence van Cott Niven (born 30 April 1938) is an American science fiction author, most famous as the author of Ringworld (1970), his "Known Space" stories, and Niven's laws. There's always another problem behind the one you just solved. Does that mean that you should stop solving problems? Flash Crowd, section 7, in Three Trips in Time and Space (1973), edited by Robert Silverberg, p. 65 For each human being there is an optimum ratio between change and stasis. Too little change, he grows bored. Too little stability, he panics and loses his ability to adapt. Flash Crowd, section 9, in Three Trips in Time and Space (1973), edited by Robert Silverberg, p. 74 Drugs: "There's no way to keep them from getting in. Anyone who wants drugs can get them. We make arrests where we can, and so what? Me, I'm betting on Darwin." "How do you mean?" "The next generation won't use drugs because they'll be descended from people who had better sense." Flash Crowd, section 9, in Three Trips in Time and Space (1973), edited by Robert Silverberg, p. 77 That's the thing about people who think they hate computers ... What they really hate are lousy programmers. Oath of Fealty (1982) (co-written with Jerry Pournelle) Think of it as evolution in action. Oath of Fealty (1982) (co-written with Jerry Pournelle) God was knocking, and he wanted in bad. Describing the sound inside a spacecraft propelled by nuclear explosions, in Footfall (1986) Half of wisdom is learning what to unlearn. The Ringworld Throne (1996) Everything starts as somebody's daydream. As quoted in Reader's Digest Quotable Quotes : Wit and Wisdom for All Occasions from America's Most Popular Magazine (1997) by Reader's Digest Association, p. 27 The dinosaurs became extinct because they didn't have a space program. And if we become extinct because we don't have a space program, it'll serve us right! As quoted by Arthur C. Clarke in "Meeting of the Minds : Buzz Aldrin Visits Arthur C. Clarke" by Andrew Chaikin (27 February 2001) The Unexpected always comes at the most awkward times. Scatterbrain (2003), p. 26 Page numbers from the mass market edition, published by Ballantine Books; ISBN 0-345-27065-7 eighth U.S. printing, March 1978 See Larry Niven's Internet Science Fiction Database page for original publication details Part of being a coward is wanting security. A Relic of the Empire (p. 37) Do you know what it's like to be suddenly poor and not know how to live poor? A Relic of the Empire (p. 43) There is no turning away from knowledge. The Soft Weapon (p. 123) "Do you believe in hunches?" "No." "Neither do I. Except just this once." Flatlander (p. 159) The moral of this story is, anything you don't understand is dangerous until you do understand it. Flatlander (p. 164) "Does it help you to know that you've ruined my day?" "It does, yes." The Handicapped (p. 220) I didn't want to find her. Not now. Our bargain had been clear, and also inevitable; and there are advantages to sleeping alone. I'll think of them in a moment. Grendel (p. 237) Just take my word for it, will you? Assume I'm a genius. Grendel (p. 248) Was he deadpan because he didn't care anymore? How much boredom can you meet in three hundred years? Grendel (p. 251) Any time seems long when you need to make a decision but can't. Grendel (p. 252) Page numbers from the mass market edition, published by Ballantine Books; ISBN 0-345-29225-1 sixth printing, March 1980 See Larry Niven's Internet Science Fiction Database page for original publication details "Do you like strange places and faraway people—or vice versa?" "Both." Rammer (p. 4) The trouble with sharing too many beds was that one's chance of running into a really bad situation was improved almost to certainty. A Kind of Murder (p. 66) Presently she gave her considered opinion. "Idiots." "No. They're just like all of us: They want something for nothing." All the Bridges Rusting (p. 88) I had to grin. Morris was shocked and horrified. I'd shown him a brand new sin. The Fourth Profession (p. 164) A species that can't develop spaceflight is no better than animals. The Fourth Profession (p. 167) When you trade among the stars, there is no repeat business. The Fourth Profession (p. 176) Stupidity is always a capital crime. The Fourth Profession (p. 183) Page numbers from the mass market edition, published by Ballantine Books; ISBN 0-345-25836-3 third printing, November 1976 See Larry Niven's Internet Science Fiction Database page for original publication details The morning was blacker than the inside of a smoker's lungs. Becalmed in Hell (p. 16) There was this about him: he knew who I was, but he hadn't remembered my name. Ron Cole had better things to think about than what name belonged with whom. A name was only a tag and a conversational gambit. Cloak of Anarchy (p. 115) I asked him, "Do you know the difference between nude and naked?" "Nude is artistic. Naked is defenseless." Cloak of Anarchy (p. 124) Anyone who says human nature can't be changed is out of his head. To make it stick, he's got to define human nature—and he can't. The Warriors (p. 142) Peace isn't a stable condition, not for us. Maybe not for anything that lives. The Warriors (p. 151) "That's impossible. Isn't it? Carlos?" Carlos' mouth twisted. "Not if it's being done." The Borderland of Sol (p. 160) In a universe the size of ours almost anything that can happen, will. There Is a Tide (p. 201) "Do you play games of chance?" "Emphatically yes. The process of living is a game of chance. To avoid chance is insanity." There Is a Tide (p. 206) Gambling was safer than war. More fun, too. Best of all, it gave him better odds. There Is a Tide (p. 208) Page numbers from the mass market first edition, published by Ballantine Books; ISBN 0-345-27740-6 March 1979 See Larry Niven's Internet Science Fiction Database page for original publication details I'd thought my way into this mess. I should be able to think my way out, shouldn't I? Convergent Series (p. 103) A sufficiently intelligent being will look about her, solve all questions, then cease activity. The Schumann Computer (p. 145) Ten thousand years wasn't enough...no lifetime was enough, unless you lived it in such a way as to make it enough. Cautionary Tales (p. 181) Time is a one-way street with no parking spaces. You just have to keep going. Wrong Way Street (p. 214) Page numbers from the first mass market edition, published by Tor; ISBN 0-812-51001-1 September 1991 See Larry Niven's Internet Science Fiction Database page for original publication details Writing is, therefore, both a form of compulsive behavior and, I frequently tell people, a self-induced form of mental illness. Those few writers who don’t start off by being a little nuts soon get that way as a direct result of their vocation. Tom Clancy, Introduction: The Maker of Worlds (p. 1) I knew it long ago: I’m a compulsive teacher, but I can’t teach. The godawful state of today’s education system isn’t what’s stopping me. I lack at least two of the essential qualifications. I cannot “suffer fools gladly.” The smartest of my pupils would get all my attention, and the rest would have to fend for themselves. And I can’t handle being interrupted. Writing is the answer. Whatever I have to teach, my students will select themselves by buying the book. And nobody interrupts a printed page. Foreword: Playgrounds for the Mind (pp. 26-27) Nuclear is the safest power source we’ve got—with two exceptions, neither of which is being built. If some folk are terrified of unseen death by radiation, then let ’em deal with their own neuroses, instead of forcing us to stop building the atomic plants. Foreword: Playgrounds for the Mind (pp. 31-32) It takes a lot of people to hold civilization together; some of us are only here to ask the right questions. Foreword: Playgrounds for the Mind (p. 32) In fantasy, more than in other forms of literature, the obligation is to teach something universally true about the human condition. Introduction to All the Myriad Ways (p. 71) Casual murder, casual suicide, casual crime. Why not? If alternate universes are a reality, then cause and effect are an illusion. The law of averages is a fraud. You can do anything, and one of you will, or did. All the Myriad Ways (p. 79) “But there’s an old legend,” I said. “Once every hundred years the Los Angeles smog rolls away for a single night, leaving the air as clear as interstellar space. That way the gods can see if Los Angeles is still there. If it is, they roll the smog back so they won’t have to look at it.” Inconstant Moon (p. 235) You don’t stop planning just because there’s no hope. Inconstant Moon (p. 260) Collaborations are unnatural. The writer is a jealous god. He builds his universe without interference. He resents the carping of mentally deficient critics, and the editor’s capricious demands for revisions. Let two writers try to make one universe, and their defenses get in the way. Building the Mote in God’s Eye (with Jerry Pournelle) (p. 442) There aren’t many prizes for second place in battle. Building the Mote in God’s Eye (with Jerry Pournelle) (p. 466) Government over large areas needs emotional ties. It also needs stability. Government by 50%-plus-one hasn’t enjoyed particularly stable politics—and it lasts only so long as the 50%-minus-one minority is willing to submit. Is heredity a rational way to choose leaders? It has this in its favor: the leader is known from an early age to be destined to rule, and can be educated to the job. Is that preferable to education based on how to get the job? Are elected officials better at governing, or at winning elections? Building the Mote in God’s Eye (with Jerry Pournelle) (pp. 467-468) Heinlein spun off ideas at a terrific rate. Other writers picked them up...along with a distrust for arrogance combined with stupidity or ignorance, particularly in politicians. The Return of William Proxmire (p. 523) A sapient species doesn’t reach space unless the members learn to cooperate. They’ll wreck the environment, one way or another, war or straight libertarianism or overbreeding. Madness Has Its Place (p. 561) Infantry, which means killing on foot and doesn’t have anything to do with children. Madness Has Its Place (p. 568) It doesn’t take brains to mate! The Alien in Our Minds (p. 642) Page numbers from the Del Rey mass market paperback A machine has no mind to read; you never know when it's going to betray you— p. 6 It does not destroy matter, which is reassuring. Rewriting one law of physics is worse than trying to eat one peanut. p. 40 A thrint was master over every intelligent beast. This was the Powergiver's primal decree, made before he made the stars. So said all of the twelve thrintun religions, though they fought insanely over other matters. p. 85 Putting a monkey wrench in machinery is often the only way to force somebody to repair, replace, or redesign the machinery. Especially legal or social machinery. p. 97 Page numbers from the mass market paperback edition published by Ballantine Books, sixth printing, June 1976 A ramrobot had been the first to see Mount Lookitthat. Ramrobots had been first visitors to all the settled worlds. The interstellar ramscoop robots, with an unrestricted fuel supply culled from interstellar hydrogen, could travel between stars at speeds approaching that of light. Chapter 1, "The Ramrobot" (p. 7; opening lines) Matthew Leigh Keller sat beneath a watershed tree and brooded. Other children played all around him, but they ignored Matt. So did two teachers on monitor duty. People usually ignored Matt when he wanted to be alone. Uncle Matt was gone. Gone to a fate so horrible that the adults wouldn't even talk about it. Chapter 1, "The Ramrobot" (p. 10) The medical revolution that began with the beginning of the twentieth century had warped all human society for five hundred years. America had adjusted to Eli Whitney's cotton gin in less than half that time. As with the gin, the effects would never quite die out. But already society was swinging back to what had once been normal. Slowly; but there was motion. In Brazil a small but growing alliance agitated for the removal of the death penalty for habitual traffic offenders. They would be opposed, but they would win. Chapter 1, "The Ramrobot" (p. 11) From the beginning there had been a revolutionary group. Its name had changed several times, and Matt had no idea what it was now. He had never known a revolutionary. He had no particular desire to be one. They accomplished nothing, except to fill the Hospital's organ banks. How could they, when the crew controlled every weapon and every watt of power on Mount Lookitthat? If this was a nest of rebels, then they had worked out a good cover. Many of the merrymakers had no hearing aids, and these seemed to be the ones who didn't know anyone here. Like Matt himself. In the midst of a reasonably genuine open-house brawl, certain people listened to voices only they could hear. Chapter 2, "The Sons of Earth" (pp. 33-34) "You look like a girl with a secret," Matt said. "I think it must be the smile." She moved closer to him, which was very close, and lowered her voice. "Can you keep a secret?" Matt smiled with one side of his mouth to show that he knew what was coming. She said it anyway. "So can I." Chapter 2, "The Sons of Earth" (p. 38) The organ banks would be supplied for years. Not only would the crew have a full supply, which they always did anyway, but there would be spare parts for exceptional servants of the regime; i.e., for civil servants such as Jesus Pietro and his men. Even the colonists would benefit. It was not at all unusual for the Hospital to treat a sick but deserving colonist if the medical supplies were sufficient. The Hospital treated everyone they could. It reminded the colonists that the crew ruled in their name and had their interests at heart. And the Sons of Earth was dead. All but one man, and from his picture he wasn't old enough to be dangerous. Nonetheless Jesus Pietro had his picture tacked to the Hospital bulletin boards and sent a copy to the newscast station with the warning that he was wanted for questioning. It was not until dawn, when he was settling down to sleep, that he remembered who belonged to that face. Matthew Keller's nephew... Chapter 3, "The Car" (pp. 49-50) With all its horrors and all its failures, life was bearable where there were hot showers. Chapter 3, "The Car" (p. 53) Any citizen, with the help of the organ banks, can live as long as it takes his central nervous system to wear out. This can be a very long time if his circulatory system is kept functioning. But the citizen cannot take more out of the organ banks than goes into them. He must do his utmost to see that they are supplied. The only feasible method of supplying the organ banks is through execution of criminals.... A criminal's pirated body can save a dozen lives. There is now no valid argument against capital punishment for any given crime; for all such argument seeks to prove that killing a man does society no good. Hence the citizen, who wants to live as long and as healthily as possible, will vote any crime into a capital crime if the organ banks are short of material. Cite Earth's capital punishment for false advertising, income tax evasion, air pollution, having children without a license. The wonder was that it had taken so long to pass these laws. Chapter 7, "The Bleeding Heart" (pp. 122-123) There were organ banks all over the world, inadequately supplied by people kind enough to will their bodies to medical science. How useful is the body of a man who dies of old age? How fast can you reach a car accident? And in 2043, Arkansas, which had never rescinded the death penalty, made the organ banks the official state method of execution. The idea had spread like wildfire...like a moral plague, as one critic of the time had put it. Chapter 7, "The Bleeding Heart" (p. 123) Geoffrey Eustace Parlette had evidently imitated ancient bad taste in hopes of getting something new and different. Chapter 7, "The Bleeding Heart" (p. 128) Jesus Pietro wasn't used to dealing with ghosts. It would require brand new techniques. Grimly he set out to evolve them. Chapter 8, "Polly's Eyes" (p. 144) He was shaking. A mass verbal attack can do that to a man, can smash his self-respect and set up doubts which remain for hours or days or forever. There are well-developed verbal techniques for many to use against one. You never let the victim speak without interruption; never let him finish a sentence. You interrupt each other so that he can't quite catch the drift of your arguments, and then he can't find the flaws. He forgets his rebuttal points because he's not allowed to put them into words. His only defense is to walk out. If, instead, you throw him out... Chapter 8, "Polly's Eyes" (p. 146) Jesus Pietro was worried. The Sons of Earth, if they got this far, would go straight to the vivarium to free their compatriots. But if Matthew Keller was his own agent... If the ghost of Alpha Plateau was not a rebel, but a thing with its own unpredictable purpose... Jesus Pietro worried. Chapter 10, "Parlette's Hand" (p. 171) Our society depends entirely on its technology. Change the technology, and you change the society. Most especially you change the ethics. Chapter 10, "Parlette's Hand" (p. 174) "I'm no historian," said Harry. "But morals are morals. What's unethical here and now is unethical anywhere, anytime. "Kane, you're wrong. It is ethical to execute a man for theft?" "Of course." "Did you know that there was once a vastly detailed science of rehabilitation for criminals? It was a branch of psychology, naturally, but it was by far the largest such branch. By the middle of century twenty-one, nearly two-thirds of all criminals could eventually be released as cured." "That's silly. Why go to all that trouble when the organ banks must have been crying for — Oh. I see. No organ banks." Chapter 10, "Parlette's Hand" (pp. 175-176) Parlette, if you have something to say, say it. If we jump to the wrong conclusions, please assume that you're expressing yourself badly, and don't try to shift the blame. Chapter 10, "Parlette's Hand" (p. 185) Parlette spoke slowly and evenly. "I am trying to prevent a bloodbath. Is that clear enough for you? I'm trying to prevent a civil war that could kill half the people in this world." Chapter 10, "Parlette's Hand" (p. 185) Yes, the bleeding heart was something else again. A gruesome symbol on a vivarium floor. Fingers that broke without their owner noticing. An ink drawing appearing from nowhere on a dossier cover, like a signature. A signature. Chapter 12, "The Slowboat" (p. 210) He kept the gun in his hand. It felt good. He was sick of having to be afraid. It was a situation to drive a man right out of his skull. If he stopped being afraid, even for an instant, he could be killed! But now, at least for the moment, he could stop listening for footsteps, stop trying to look in all directions at once. A sonic stunner was a surer bet than a hypothetical, undependable psi power. It was real, cold and hard in his hand. Chapter 12, "The Slowboat" (p. 215) I have a kind of psychic invisibility. As long as I can stay scared, I can keep people from seeing me. That's what we have to count on. Chapter 12, "The Slowboat" (p. 216) "I don't doubt you're serious," he said wonderingly. "What I doubt is your sanity." Chapter 14, "Balance of Power" (p. 246) Page numbers from the Del Rey mass market paperback Louis knew a few xenophobes, and regarded them as dolts. p. 9 Fear is the brother of hate. p. 72 The Gods do not protect fools. Fools are protected by more capable fools. p. 96 To witness titanic events is always dangerous, usually painful, and often fatal. p. 133 The perversity of the universe tends towards a maximum. The universe is hostile. p. 142 One mark of a good officer, he remembered, was the ability to make quick decisions. If they happen to be right, so much the better. p. 152 Seen through the glow of a building orgasm, a woman seems to blaze with angelic glory. p. 165 The majority is always sane. p. 177 Tell them the universe is too complicated a toy for a sensibly cautious being to play with. p. 314 Nominated for the 1974 Hugo Award. Page numbers from the mass market paperback edition published by Ballantine Books, Fourth printing, April 1975 All italics as in the book The stars are far from eternal, but for man they might as well be. Section 1, Phssthpok, Chapter 1 (p. 7) Brennan was an optimist. He didn't expect to be caught. Section 1, Chapter 1 (p. 16) I'm being chauvinistic, he told himself. I can't judge an alien's sanity by Belt standards, can I? His lip curled. Sure I can. That ship is badly designed. Section 1, Chapter 1 (p. 21) The Perversity of the Universe Tends Toward a Maximum. Section 1, Chapter 1 (p. 23) "For letting us examine their silly records they want to charge us a flat million marks!" "Pay it." "It's robbery." "A Belter says that? Why don't you have records on Mars?" "We were never interested. What for?" "What about abstract knowledge?" "Another word for useless." "Then what makes you want useless knowledge enough to pay a million marks for it?" Slowly Nick matched his grin. "It's still robbery. How in Finagle's name did Earth know they'd need to know about Mars?" "That's the secret of abstract knowledge. You get in the habit of finding out everything you can about everything. Most of it gets used sooner or later." Section 1, Chapter 2 (pp. 45-46) "How did you come to represent the belt?" "Aptitude tests said I had a high IQ and liked ordering people around. From there I worked my way up." "We go by the vote." "Popularity contests." "It works. But it does have drawbacks. What government doesn't?" Section 1, Chapter 2 (p. 57) What's the justification for ancestor worship? You know what happens to a man without modern geriatrics: as he ages his brain cells start to die. Yet people tend to respect him, to listen to him. Section 1, Chapter 3 (p. 86) And the air was full of the smell of burning bridges. Section 2, Vandervecken (p. 166) Co-written with Jerry Pournelle Page numbers from the mass market paperback edition published by Pocket Books ISBN 0-671-74192-6 Rod privately suspected the Scots studied their speech off duty so they'd be unintelligible to the rest of humanity. Chapter 2 "The Passengers" (p. 15) Species evolve to meet the environment. An intelligent species changes the environment to suit itself. As soon as a species becomes intelligent, it should stop evolving. Chapter 3 "Dinner Party" (p. 31) "Perhaps I was expecting too much." "Perhaps. We're all waiting as fast as we can." Chapter 13 "Look Around You" (p. 107) "It's a nitwit idea." "Yes, sir." "Nitwit ideas are for emergencies. You use them when you've got nothing else to try. If they work, they go in the Book. Otherwise you follow the Book, which is largely a collection of nitwit ideas that worked." Chapter 18 "The Stone Beehive" (p. 157) He liked everything about the university except the students. Chapter 19 "Channel Two's Popularity" (p. 162) And that's another reason I don't want contact between your species and mine. You're all Crazy Eddies. You think every problem has a solution. Chapter 37 "History Lesson" (p. 370; spoken by an alien to an earthman) I sometimes wonder why the aristocracy isn't extinct, the lot of you seem so stupid sometimes. Chapter 40 "Farewell" (p. 397) As I said, it was inevitable, and I don't let laws of nature upset me. Chapter 47 "Homeward Bound" (p. 445) She waited for him to explain a universe in which there was so much injustice. Chapter 51 "After the Ball Is Over" (p. 486) It had been a long dull evening, with only the thought of leaving the party early to look forward to. Chapter 51 "After the Ball Is Over" (p. 491) Doctor, you keep asking me to see your point of view, which is based on ethics. You never see mine, which isn't. Chapter 53 "The Djinn" (p. 516; spoken by a politician to a scientist) All page numbers from the Del Rey mass market paperback ISBN 0-345-25750-2, first Ballantine Books edition, July 1977 "Can you take orders?" "I was in the army." "What does that mean?" "Means yes." Chapter 1 Rammer, Section 1 (pp. 4-5) You're insane. Imagine my amazement. Chapter 2 Don Juan, Section 3 (p. 52) He felt good. At worst he had found a brand-new way to die. Chapter 2 Don Juan, Section 4 (p. 54) He's a computer. Perfect memory, rigid logic, no judgment. I forgot. I talked to him like a human being, and now— Chapter 2 Don Juan, Section 4 (p. 59) My self-centeredness is as human as your fanaticism. Chapter 4 The Norn, Section 1 (p. 94) Too much imagination and I'll scare myself to death. Too little and I'll get myself killed. Chapter 4 The Norn, Section 1 (p. 95) Suddenly Corbell missed Mirabelle terribly. He mourned her, not because she was dead, but because she was gone. Chapter 5 Stealing Youth, Section 3 (p. 126) War between the sexes had always seemed silly to Corbell. Too much fraternizing with the enemy, ha-ha. Chapter 5 Stealing Youth, Section 4 (p. 135) Civilization must have become awfully stereotyped before its collapse. Chapter 6 The Changelings, Section 1 (p. 144) Page numbers from the Del Rey mass market paperback We learn only to ask more questions. p. 59 Forget the infinities: Concentrate on detail. p. 68 There is never no hope left. Remember. p. 280 Sometimes there's no point in giving up. p. 282 Page numbers from the hardcover first edition published by Tor Books ISBN 0-312-85122-7 Cooking was creation itself; It seemed to put the universe in perspective. Chapter 6, "Oven Maker" (p. 69) "I copied it." "Sure you did, joker, but they drew what they thought you wanted and you copied what you thought you saw—" Chapter 7, "The Old Surfer" (p. 75) Sex was a game nobody lost. Chapter 11, "Haunted Bay" (p. 123) What's intelligence for if not for seeking knowledge? Chapter 30, "Hydraulic * Empire" (p. 299) "It's a joy," she said, "watching you keep your mouth shut." Chapter 34, "The Autumn Caravan" (p. 342) An Interview with Larry Niven by S. James Blackman (10 February 2000) We follow the scientists around and look over their shoulders. They're watching their feet: provable mistakes are bad for them. We're looking as far ahead as we can, and we don't get penalized for mistakes. On the relationship between science and science-fiction. The wealth of the universe is all over your head. We need to take command of the solar system to gain that wealth, and to escape the sea of paper our government is becoming, and for some decent chance of stopping a Dinosaur Killer asteroid. We've fallen way behind. Building one space station for everyone was and is insane: we should have built a dozen. Cheap superconductors imply maglev trains everywhere. Computers could get big again, with RAM/ROM rising by powers of forty and fifty, if superconductors shed the heat. Laser handguns against superconducting armor. I'm not predicting; I just love playing with superconductors. Here is where the predictions failed: We didn't take Cargo Cult mentality into account: "if somebody has something I don't, he must have stolen it." We didn't understand how good we could get at communication — when you have something that someone else doesn't, the whole damn planet knows it. Original version, and the latest revision, of "how the Universe works" written 29 January 2002, published in Analog Magazine (November 2002) 1a) Never throw shit at an armed man. 1b) Never stand next to someone who is throwing shit at an armed man. 2) Never fire a laser at a mirror. 3) Mother Nature doesn't care if you're having fun. 4) Giving up freedom for security has begun to look naive. Even to me. Many of you were ahead of me on this — Three out of four hijacked airplanes destroyed the World Trade Center and a piece of the Pentagon in 2001. How is it possible that those planes were taken using only five perps armed with knives? It was possible because all those hundreds of passengers had been carefully stripped of every possible weapon. We may want to reconsider this approach. It doesn't work in high schools either. Earlier version: 4) F x S = k. The product of Freedom and Security is a constant. To gain more freedom of thought and/or action, you must give up some security, and vice versa. 5) Psi and/or magical powers, if real, are nearly useless. 6) It is easier to destroy than create. Bin Laden tore down the World Trade Center? Let's see him build one. If human beings didn't have a strong preference for creation, nothing would get built, ever. 7) Any damn fool can predict the past. Unsourced variant: Any damned fool can predict the past. And most do. 8) History never repeats itself. 9) Ethics change with technology. 10) Anarchy is the least stable of social structures. 11) There is a time and place for tact. And there are times when tact is entirely misplaced. 16) There is no cause so right that one cannot find a fool following it. To prove a point, one may seek out a foolish Socialist, thirteenth century Liberal, Scientologist, High Frontier advocate, Mensa member, science fiction fan, Jim Bakker acolyte, Christian, witch, or fanatical devotee of Special Interest Lib. It doesn't really reflect on the cause itself. Ad hominem argument saves time, but it's still a fallacy. Also in Fallen Angels (Baen Books, 1992) as: "Niven's Law: No cause is so noble that it won't attract fuggheads." 17) No technique works if it isn't used. 19) Think before you make the coward's choice. Old age is not for sissies. 1) Writers who write for other writers should write letters. 2) Never be embarrased or ashamed about anything you choose to write. (Think of this before you send it to a market) 3) Stories to end all stories on a given topic, don't. 4) It is a sin to waste the reader's time. 5) If you've nothing to say, say it any way you like. Stylistic innovations, contorted story lines or none, exotic or genderless pronouns, internal inconsistencies, the recipe for preparing your lover as a cannibal banquet: feel free. If what you have to say is important and/or difficult to follow, use the simplest language possible. If the reader doesn't get it then, let it not be your fault. 6) Everybody talks first draft. Any sufficiently advanced magic is indistinguishable from technology. Anonymous saying, this is an inversion of the third of Arthur C. Clarke's three laws : "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." It has been attributed to Niven, and even called "Niven's Law" by some, and to Terry Pratchett by others, but without any citation of an original source in either case, and the earliest occurrence yet located is in Keystone Folklore (1984) by the Pennsylvania Folklore Society. Wikipedia has an article about: Larry Niven Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Category:Larry Niven Profile at larryniven.org Larry Niven at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Larry Niven at Fantastic Fiction Bibliography at SciFan Ringworld Renderings Ringworld rendering
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Picoforms is commercial XForms client that is designed to work with mobile phones and IE 6.0 as a plugin. To get IE to see the forms you have to do the following: If your forms are stored in the server with an XHTML extension you must Make sure that IE knows to render .XHTML files as html file types. This can be done by using the registry edit tool. Add the following processing instruction for picoforms AFTER the html element To change the IE registry to allow IE to know that .xhtml files should be rendered as html. To do this do the following. From the Windows start menu click Start/Run. Enter "regedit" and press enter. Use the Registry browser to navigate to the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT folder and then find the MIME/Daatabase/Content Type folder. From their add the following: Binding for xhtml files: [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MIME\Database\Content Type\application/xhtml+xml] "CLSID"="{25336920-03F9-11cf-8FD0-00AA00686F13}" "Extension"=".xhtml" "Encoding"=hex:08,00,00,00 Binding for xq files: [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MIME\Database\Content Type\application/xhtml+xml] "CLSID"="{25336920-03F9-11cf-8FD0-00AA00686F13}" "Extension"=".xq" "Encoding"=hex:08,00,00,00 The CLSID above is for HTML rendering. You can copy this from the .htm MIME-type. If you want it to render in xml use the binding for XML files. ... Note that if you are using eXist to generate your forms you need to put the PI inside braces and serialize as html. declare option exist:serialize "method=html media-type=text/html indent=yes omit-xml-declaration=yes"; ... {} ... Also, make sure if you make changes you should be sure to use SHIFT-reload to clear the IE cache. Note that IE6 does not recognize the @namepsace directive in CSS files. These CSS files will need to be converted use xf\: instead of the CSS | standard. Picoforms Web Site Next Page: Ubiquity XForms | Previous Page: FormFaces Home: XForms
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Tuesday, August 10, 2010 Obituaries 15 November 2021: Winter, dolphin with prosthetic tail, dies at 16 27 February 2021: Wikinews mourns loss of volunteer John Shutt 5 February 2021: Fundraiser Captain Sir Tom Moore dies aged 100 with COVID-19 28 December 2020: US professional wrestler Jon Huber dies aged 41 8 October 2020: Guitarist Eddie Van Halen dies, aged 65 Collaborate! Pillars of Wikinews writing Writing an article British historian Tony Judt died Friday of complications from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the age of 62. Judt was known for his contributions to European history and his controversial position regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Judt's death was announced in a statement from New York University (NYU), where he was a professor. He died in his home in Manhattan, said the school. Judt is survived by his third wife, dance critic Jennifer Homans, and their two children, Nicholas and Daniel. Judt's first two marriages both ended in a divorce. Tony Robert Judt, a secular Jew, was born on January 2, 1948 in London, but spent much of his adult life in the United States. The descendant of Marxist Lithuanian rabbis, he was sent to a camp in Israel as a teenager, and became a Zionist. Later, he spoke at a Zionist convention in Paris and worked as a translator for the Israel Defense Forces in 1967, starting with the Six-Day War. An alumnus of King's College, he began teaching at NYU as Professor of European studies in 1987. Judt had previously taught at Cambridge, the University of California, and Oxford University. Judt, also an author, became a Pulitzer Prize finalist for his 2005 book Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945. The almost 900-page book covers the history of the development of Europe after World War II. He also wrote about topics such as the fall of Marxism and Communism. In September 2008, Judt was diagnosed with ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. One form of motor neurone disease, ALS targets nerve cells and causes a loss of speech and movement abilities. Left paralyzed and unable to breathe without assistance, Judt continued to lecture. Earlier this year, Judt was able to write a group of personal essays for The New York Review of Books, in which he discussed the disease. "In contrast to almost every other serious or deadly disease, one is thus left free to contemplate at leisure and in minimal discomfort the catastrophic progress of one's own deterioration," he wrote. In 2009, Judt was the recipient of a special Orwell Prize, given to him for "intelligence, insight and conspicuous courage." Judt's later views on Israel differed from those he had held as a teenager. In 1983, he called Israel a "belligerently intolerant, faith-driven ethno state," opposing a two-state solution. Earlier this year, he wrote, "most Israelis were not transplanted latter-day agrarian socialists but young, prejudiced urban Jews who differed from their European or American counterparts chiefly in their macho, swaggering self-confidence, and access to armed weapons." His stance on the topic was the subject of much controversy, even leading to his removal from the editorial committee for The New Republic. "Professor Tony Judt" — The Daily Telegraph, August 8, 2010 William Grimes. "Tony Judt, Chronicler of History, Is Dead at 62" — The New York Times, August 7, 2010 Hillel Italie. "Tony Judt, author of 'Postwar,' dies at 62" — Associated Press, August 7, 2010
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Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales (born 7 August 1966) is an American-British Internet entrepreneur and wiki pioneer who is most famous as one of the founders of Wikipedia, an international collaborative free content encyclopedia on the Internet, and the Wikimedia Foundation. What if we could get everyone in the world together to record what they know in one place? Quoted by Larry Sanger in "The early history of Wikipedia (part 1) ~(1:49)" (January 2000), YouTube (7 May 2020) Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing. As quoted in "Wikimedia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds," by Robin "Roblimo" Miller, Slashdot (28 July 2004) I frequently counsel people who are getting frustrated about an edit war to think about someone who lives without clean drinking water, without any proper means of education, and how our work might someday help that person. It puts flamewars into some perspective, I think. As quoted in "Wikimedia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds," by Robin "Roblimo" Miller, Slashdot (28 July 2004) [Wikipedia is] like a sausage: you might like the taste of it, but you don't necessarily want to see how it's made. "Who knows?". The Guardian. October 26, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-02-09. (Alluding to a famous quote "Laws are like sausages — it is better not to see them being made. ", generally attributed to Otto von Bismarck.) When someone just writes 'f**k, f**k, f**k', we just fix it, laugh and move on. But the difficult social issues are the borderline cases — people who do some good work, but who are also a pain in the neck. As quoted in "Who knows? ", The Guardian (26 October 2004) Wikipedia is first and foremost an effort to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language. Asking whether the community comes before or after this goal is really asking the wrong question: the entire purpose of the community is precisely this goal. Wikipedia-l mailing list (8 March 2005) Ideally, our rules should be formed in such a fashion that an ordinary helpful kind thoughtful person doesn't really even need to know the rules. You just get to work, do something fun, and nobody hassles you as long as you are being thoughtful and kind. User talk statement (7 April 2005) Most people understand the need for neutrality. The real struggle is not between the right and the left — that's where most people assume — but it's between the party of the thoughtful and the party of the jerks. And no side of the political spectrum has a monopoly on either of those qualities. "How a ragtag band created Wikipedia" - TED Talk (July 2005); this has sometimes appeared paraphrased as "The real struggle is not between the right and the left but between the party of the thoughtful and the party of the jerks." Freely licensed textbooks are the next big thing in education. While talking about Wikibooks project; TED - Jimmy Wales: How a ragtag band created Wikipedia, July 2005 We are growing from a cheerful small town where everyone waves off their front porch to the subway of New York City where everyone rushes by. How do you preserve the culture that has worked so well? As quoted in ExpressIndia (7 September 2005) The primary issue is how seriously we take our chosen obligations to people in the developing world who do not have Internet connections. ... Frankly, and let me be blunt, Wikipedia as a readable product is not for us. It's for them. It's for that girl in Africa who can save the lives of hundreds of thousands of people around her, but only if she's empowered with the knowledge to do so.. Foundation-l mailing list (23 October 2005) Wiki editing thrives on local knowledge, but 'local' in an epistemological sense, not necessarily in a geographical sense. For example, I personally know a lot more about world news on topics that interest me and could synthesize much better in those areas, than I know about local politicians where I live Interview with Jimbo Wales (December 10, 2005) It is pretty weird. A few years ago, I was just some guy sitting in front of the internet. Now I send an e-mail or edit an article and it makes headlines around the world ... I used to be just a guy — now I'm Jimmy Wales. "Identity question for world's encyclopaedia", The Times (30 December 2005) We come from geek culture, we come from the free software movement, we have a lot of technologists involved. If we had done the same sort of comparison on poets or artists, I think that we would not have fared nearly as well. Wales to the Miami Herald, "Will Wikipedia change history?" It turns out a lot of people don’t get it. Wikipedia is like rock’n’roll; it’s a cultural shift. Wales to Computerworld, "Wikipedia founder gazes into site's future" (18 August 2006), based on an earlier interview at Wikimania We've always had a love/hate relationship with numbers. Wales to Computerworld, "Wikipedia founder gazes into site's future" (18 August 2006), based on an earlier interview at Wikimania IAR is policy, always has been. Edit comment, removing attempts to minimize the significance of the Wikipedia:Ignore all rules policy statement (19 August 2006) Quite frankly, several of the people who contributed to the article should be banned from coming near a keyboard until they have learned to engage in proper encyclopedia writing. In a discussion about Wikipedia article (07 September 2006) I think that argument is completely morally bankrupt, and I think people know that when they make it. There's a very big difference between having a sincere, passionate interest in a topic and being a paid shill ... Particularly for PR firms, it's something they should really very strongly avoid: ever touching an article. PRWeek (30 Jan 2007) In response to suggestions Wikipedia might change policies to allow PR firms to edit the site without breaking a rule called "WP:AUTO". I regard it as a pseudonym and I don’t really have a problem with it. On controversy regarding fraudulent claims of credentials by the Wikipedian Essjay, in an e-mail to editors of The New Yorker, as quoted in The New York Times (5 March 2007) I don't see any particular problem with that. Responding to the deletion of a Wikipedia article from non-administrator view, while the article's deletion was being reviewed by the community. (27 March 2007) Myspace hurts my eyes. Interview with news24.com (April 2007) Wikipedia is a non-profit. It was either the dumbest thing I ever did or the smartest thing I ever did. Keynote Speech, SXSW 2006, published in "The wisdom of one" (25 April 2007) Hayek's work on price theory is central to my own thinking about how to manage the Wikipedia project. ... [O]ne can't understand my ideas about Wikipedia without understanding Hayek. Jimmy Wales, cited by Katherine Mangu-Ward, "Wikipedia and Beyond: Jimmy Wales' sprawling vision," Reason (June 2007). Also cited by Morton Winston and Ralph Edelbach , Society, Ethics, and Technology 4th ed. (Boston, MA: Wadsworth, 2012), p. 200. Simply having rules does not change the things that people want to do. You have to change incentives. Interview with Reason magazine (June 2007) EssJay was appointed at the request of and unanimous support of the ArbCom. Wikipedia-l mailing list (17 October 2007) I think MySpace is doomed, I give them about two more years.... I think Facebook is the next Microsoft in both the bad and the good senses. That's an amazing company that is going to do a lot of good and bad things. Jimmy Wales on tech's future, Orlando Sentinel (03 November 2007) Greatest misconception about Wikipedia: We aren’t democratic. Our readers edit the entries, but we’re actually quite snobby. The core community appreciates when someone is knowledgeable, and thinks some people are idiots and shouldn’t be writing. "The Encyclopedist’s Lair". November 18, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-19. There’s plenty of rude stuff online. People say things online that they would be ashamed to say face to face. If people could treat others as though they were speaking face to face, that would be huge. As quoted in "The Encyclopedist’s Lair" in The New York Times (19 November 2007) I have said this many times in the past and will say it many times in the future I am sure: some people need to find a different hobby, because whatever they are here for, it is not to help build an encyclopedia. Comment about "drama mongers" on the Wikipedia Administrator's noticeboard, (23 November 2007) We are going to change the [GNU] Free Documentation License in such a way that Wikipedia will be able to become licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License. And so this is not, as some people speculated on Facebook my 50th birthday party. This is a party to celebrate the liberation of Wikipedia. Announcing that the Wikimedia Foundation Board has voted to enable Wikipedia to be licensed under a Creative Commons license. "Wikipedia to be Licensed Under Creative Commons" (30 November 2007) Given enough time humans will screw up Wikipedia just as they have screwed up everything else, but so far it's not too bad. Berkman Center (May 15, 2008) I don't really agree that most academics frown when they hear Wikipedia. Most academics I find quite passionate about the concept of Wikipedia and like it quite a bit. [...] The number of academics who really really don't like Wikipedia is really quite small and we find that they get reported on in the media far out of proportion to the amount they actually exist. Wikimania 2008 Alexandria, press conference, 0'14 (August 2008) We are a passionate community of volunteers who are trying to create a free encyclopedia for every single person on the planet. So we don't often think in terms of competition. We are going to do what we do and we hope Google does wonderful things as well. ... If we were approaching this as a business we would think always: Oh, how can we position ourselves on the market... We just don't do any of that stuff. Wikimania 2008 Alexandria, press conference, 0'20 (August 2008), asked about Google Knol I have my team focused on the front end, working on the user experience, and making sure we have all the wiki-like tools people need to work on the site. We're just cranking away. About Wikia Search, in an interview with Susan Kuchinskas in iMediaConnection, March 26, 2009 (only days before Wales would shut down Wikia Search and lay off two developers) To me the key thing is getting it right. And if a person's really smart and they're doing fantastic work, I don't care if they're a high school kid or a Harvard professor; it's the work that matters. Long displayed quote on his User page at Wikipedia, and many other Wikimedia projects I think this article was misleading in saying that I "recognized" Wikipe-tan. My removal of the sexualized version from Commons was in no way an endorsement of the standard versions. I don't like Wikipe-tan and never have. I recognize that some people do, and I'm not particularly agitated about it, but my name should not be invoked in a way that might lead some to believe that I approve. Thanks!--Jimbo Wales (talk) 11:33, 7 February 2011 (UTC) I am not a fan (February 7, 2011; emphasis not in original) I'm on it pretty much all the time. I edit Wikipedia every day, I'm on Facebook, I'm on Twitter, I'm reading the news. During one of the US elections, I actually went through my computer and I blocked myself from looking at the major newspaper sites and Google News because I wasn't getting any work done. The Independent, October 23rd 2011 What we won't do is pretend that the work of lunatic charlatans is the equivalent of "true scientific discourse." It isn't. Boingboing.net, Jimmy Wales tells "energy workers" that Wikipedia won't publish woo, "the work of lunatic charlatans isn't the equivalent of 'true scientific discourse'" Real people are involved, and they can be hurt by your words. We are not tabloid journalism, we are an encyclopedia. Jimmy Wales on Biographies of living persons article I think that reality exists and that it's knowable Quoted in an artwork, also depicting Wales, in the 2018 exhibition 'Internet Giants : Masters of the Universe' by Langlands & Bell. Now, the UK is home to a very diverse newspaper community, a vibrant newspaper culture. We've got papers like The Sun, The Mirror, The Mail. [laughter]...we're trusted slightly more than the BBC. Now, that's a little scary -- [laughter] This is my annual traditional talk(Jimmy Wales Speaks at Closing Ceremony of Wikimania 2014) +video A lot of them, they really cost more than they're worth, and they should be encouraged to leave, and not in a bad way. I mean one of the things that I've always believed is letting people walk away with dignity. We don't have to shame them and scream at them and make them leave and then they're sad and annoyed and then they make sock puppets and then they come back and harass us for years. Jimmy Wales Speaks at Closing Ceremony of Wikimania 2014 August 10, 2014 Wikipedia is something special. It is like a library or a public park. It is like a temple for the mind. It is a place we can all go to think, to learn, to share our knowledge with others. When I founded Wikipedia, I could have made it into a for-profit company with advertising banners, but I decided to do something different. We’ve worked hard over the years to keep it lean and tight. We fulfill our mission efficiently. Wikimedia donation page. In case anyone is wondering I strongly support the development and widespread adoption of a covid-19 vaccine and will take it as soon as it is widely available... I don't think I should be in the first wave to take it as that should be people more vulnerable or more likely to be spreaders... Twitter (19 May 2020) I think that's right. [replying to comment: "it should go to health care workers first"]. I'm not an expert. I just know that I'm healthy and safe at home, so it will be more helpful for others to go first. But I'm eager to take it! https://twitter.com/jimmy_wales/status/1263008186249949185 Twitter] (20 May 2020) President's power does not extend to threatening or shutting down social media platforms. But we should fear this in every country.Worst case scenario is that platforms don't have courage to tell Trump to go away, that they begin to adapt policies to his whims because he is a lunatic, Donald Trump is a lunatic: Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales interview with India Times on May 28, 2020 You cannot write a good Wikipedia article about a small town if there is no longer news about this small town. This [trend] will impact the quality of Wikipedia long-term. The next billion people who'll get online access will enter the Internet with mobile devices. It's difficult to write Wikipedia articles on smart phones. So we're investing more and more resources to improve access for these people. Wikipedia founder Wales laments die-offs in local press worldwide, Deutsche Welle (DW), (11 June 2019) Education and innovation are two things that we can fall back on in the most uncertain times! Join me July 1, 4 PM IST on @unacademy, I will speak about education and my early life that propelled me to create Wikipedia.... unacademy.onelink... https://twitter.com/jimmy_wales/status/1277629711611543552 Twitter] (29 June 2020) I predict that https://gov.uk/home-education is going to be dramatically more popular this coming year. Twitter (30 June 2020) When is the last time you saw a politician talking about Aristotle's Virtues? This is what I love seeing -@RoryStewartUKpost on WT: https://wt.social/post/vg6w2a75311699787861 Twitter (1 July 2020) Take a look at this: http://vaccinecommongood.org Twitter (3 July 2020) On Sunday July 5th at 5pm we’re all saying #ThankYouTogether! Whether you’re thanking the NHS, key workers, delivery drivers or a friend, neighbour or colleague who has helped you during this time - join us on your doorstep and help spread the word. together.org.uk [1] (3 July 2020) I support freedom of expression. A lot of people I disagree with also support freedom of expression. If that's controversial, then someone will have to explain to me why. [2] (8 July 2020) I've reason to believe We all will be received In Graceland... [3] (16 July 2020) ...Please consider joining http://wt.social - healthy dialogue rather than soundbite vitriol [4] (17 July 2020) Should there be competing articles, so that you would have the Catholic article on abortion, the evangelical Christian version, and the Planned Parenthood version Reminiscing in Jimmy Wales: “Wikipedia is from a different era”" (January 14, 2021) Random speculative pseudo information should be removed, unless it can be sourced. Zero information is preferred to misleading or false information - Email to WikiEN-l, Tue May 16 20:30:15 UTC 2006 Zero information is preferred to misleading or false information Jimmy Wales. Keynote speech, Wikimania, August 2006. May 19, 2006 It is tough problem for platforms like Twitter and Facebook. They exist to allow people to share their thoughts and ideas ... One of the things that I would like to see more of is, not to stop people from sharing things ... but to warn them... So, when I am about to share something, and a reputable fact checking organization has shown it is a hoax, I would like Facebook to warn me “Hey ... you might want to check, if this is true or not, before you share it”. I think that would be very helpful. When talking about how to stop the spread of fake news. Interview with Brian Lamb (25 September 2005) Transcript and Realplayer video Wales: We help the Internet not suck. So it's that the Wikipedia for a lot of people hearkens back to what we all thought the Internet was for in the first place which is, you know, when most people first started the Internet they thought oh, this is fantastic, people can communicate from all over the world and build knowledge and share information. And then we went through the whole dot-com boom and bust and the Internet seemed to be about pop-up ads, and spam, and porn and selling dog food over the Internet. And now Wikipedia kind of hearkens back to the original vision of the Internet. And so it's important for the whole business of the entire Internet that there be quality resources that people can turn to and want to turn to. Wales: Our goal has always been Britannica or better quality. We don't always achieve that. Lamb: Would you put them out of business? Wales: You know, I don't know. I used to think so but I just was in Germany where Wikipedia is really big in Germany[..]. And Brockhaus is the publisher of the Britannica style traditional encyclopedia. And their sales are up 30 percent in the last year even though Wikipedia is going through the roof. And I think there's a certain maybe there ends up being some complementarity to it that people[..]. So Wikipedia helps people to remember that hey, there is actually something to having a group of people edit, monitor, and put a level of trust to information. And so that makes Brockhaus more appealing, makes Wikipedia more appealing. So it's hard to say. Lamb: Another thing I read about you is that you are a follower or have been at some point a follower of Ayn Rand? Wales: That's right, yes. Lamb: Who was she and do you still follow her and what is it about it that you like? Wales: Yes. So Ayn Rand wrote Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead, as is viewed by many as, you know, something of the founder of the libertarian strain of thought in the U.S. She would have rejected quite rightly, I think, the libertarian label. But I think for me one of the core things that is very applicable to my life today is the virtue of independence — is the vision, you know, if you know the idea of Howard Roark who is the architect in The Fountainhead who has a vision for what he wants to accomplish and, you know, there's some time in the book when he is frustrated in his career because people don't want to build the type of buildings he wants to build. And he's given a choice, a difficult choice, to compromise his integrity or to essentially go out of business. And he has to go and take a job working in a quarry. And for me that model has a lot of resonance for me. You know when I think about what I'm doing and the way I'm doing it is more important to me than any amount of money or anything like that because it's my artistic work. Lamb: What year did you read Atlas Shrugged or Fountainhead? Wales: I guess I was around 20 when I read The Fountainhead. I joke that I started as a kid revising the encyclopedia by stickering the one my mother bought. education was always a passion in my household ... you know, the very traditional approach to knowledge and learning and establishing that as a base for a good life. Jimmy Wales The more time I spent on the site the more I came to think of Wales as some kind of Queen Ant, letting the vast colony go about its work, at the centre of a system where the knowledge of the community is infinitely larger than the sum of experience of all its individuals. Adams, Tim (July 1, 2007). "For your information". The Observer. Local press die-offs worldwide are robbing Wikipedia of sources to cite, warns co-founder Jimmy Wales. He told the German outlet Spiegel his team's next aim is to reach 'billions' of potential users in poor countries... Jimmy Wales, who co-founded Wikipedia in 2001, told a German news magazine on Wednesday that declines in centuries-old local press sectors around the world worried him more than even fake news in the "Trump" era... Asked by Spiegel magazine if giants such as Google, Amazon and Facebook should do more to support Wikipedia, Wales replied: "yes perhaps, but we lay great value on our independence." ...Wales was also asked about the greatest problem he would like solved. He said Wikipedia's "greatest challenge" was a growth in the languages of poorer developing countries. Wikipedia founder Wales laments die-offs in local press worldwide, Deutsche Welle (DW), (11 June 2019) At 18:54 EST on December 12 John Seigenthaler's wife, who was infuriated at Wikipedia regarding the recent scandal regarding his role in the Kennedy Assassination, came into the house, where Jim was having dinner. Wearing a mask, he [sic] shot him three times in the head and ran," Wikipedia according to .Wikipedia founder 'shot by friend of Siegenthaler'" (December 17, 2005) Why do Wikipedians perform these millions of hours of labor, some expended on a giant straw goat, without pay? Because they don't experience them as labor. “It's a misconception people work for free,” Wales told the site Hacker Noon in 2018. “They have fun for free.” A 2011 survey of more than 5,000 Wikipedia contributors listed “It's fun” as one of the primary reasons they edited the site. Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet, By Richard Cooke, Wired, (17 Feb 2020) In 2000, 10 months before Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger cofounded Wikipedia, the pair started a site called Nupedia, planning to source articles from noted scholars and put them through seven rounds of editorial oversight. But the site never got off the ground; after a year, there were fewer than two dozen entries. (Wales, who wrote one of them himself, told The New Yorker “it felt like homework.”) When Sanger got wind of a collaborative software tool called a wiki—from the Hawaiian wikiwiki, or “quickly”—he and Wales decided to set one up as a means of generating raw material for Nupedia. They assumed nothing good would come of it, but within a year Wikipedia had 20,000 articles. By the time Nupedia's servers went down a year later, the original site had become a husk, and the seed it carried had grown beyond any expectation... Sanger left Wikipedia in early 2003... Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet, By Richard Cooke, Wired, (17 Feb 2020) At Jimmy Wales' wedding, one of the maids of honor toasted him as the sole internet mogul who wasn't a billionaire. Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet, By Richard Cooke, Wired, (17 Feb 2020) Bomis Sue Gardner Katherine Maher Larry Sanger Wikipedia Wikipedia has an article about: Jimmy Wales Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jimmy Wales Wikisource has original works written by or about: Jimmy Wales Official website Jimmy Wales' Wikipedia userpage Jimmy Wales' Wikia userpage Jimmy Wales on IMDb Politics: Wikipedia CEO Jimmy Wales on fighting the spread of fake news. Euronews. January 23, 2019
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Popayán (pronounced: Po - pa - 'yan) is a colonial-era city in southwestern Colombia. It is the capital of the Cauca department. The city was founded in 1537 by Sebastian de Belalcazar. Because of its beautiful colonial houses, it is known as the "white city". Popayan has played a major role in Colombia's history dating back to the early days of the Spanish conquest and into the 20th century. A number of Colombian presidents were born in Popayan including, most recently, Guillermo Leon Valencia from 1962 to 1966. Other well-known citizens include Francisco Jose de Caldas (1768-1816) and Camilo Torres (1766-1816). Popayán has one of Colombia's oldest universities: the Universidad del Cauca, founded in 1827. The university is well known throughout the country for its Law School, Medical School, and its Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering programs. Nowadays around 220,000 people live in the city. Popayan's airport does not have heavy traffic but you can reach the city by air. There are about four daily flights from Bogota to Popayan and vice versa. The airport is open between 6AM and 6PM. There are no flights between Cali and Popayan. The airport in the neighbouring city of Cali (100-minute car ride) serves many domestic and international destinations. There are numerous bus companies available. One of the most reliable bus operators is Expreso Bolivariano. Avoid Expreso Puerto Tejada and Expreso Palmira. There is significant guerrilla activity in the countryside near Popayan and it can be risky to travel by land during periods of disturbance if you are not a local. There are daily buses from the border town of Ipiales. from Cali: COP$12,000, 3 hours with minibus COP$14,000, 2 hours from Armenia : COP$40,000, 7 hours (several a day) from Medellin: COP$60,000, 11 hours (7PM, 8PM, 1AM) from San Agustín: COP$34,000, 5 hours (six a day) from Tierradentro: COP$20,000, 4 hours (5AM, 8AM, 10:30AM, 1PM, 3PM) from Pasto: COP$25,000, roughly 6 hours, but double check before you go from Ipiales: COP$25,000 - 40,000, 7-8 hours (better during the day) - Many buses leave in the early morning. Popayan is a small city and it is an easy 10-15 minute walk between the bus station and the centre. The historical centre is fairly compact and best explored on foot. Taxis are plentiful and can bring you at the bus terminal for around COP$3,000. Since Popayan was a seat of power during Spanish colonial times, there are numerous architectural gems in the city. Some of the most impressive are, naturally, churches. Do not miss: 2.4434456-76.60862591 Iglesia de San Francisco, Calle 4 and Carrera 9. Large baroque church built during the 16th century but then destroyed by and earthquake in 1736. It was rebuilt in 1790. Its tower contains one of the biggest bell of America made from gold and bronze. Inside the church, there are ten decorated altars. free. (updated Feb 2018) 2.4401603-76.60260442 Iglesia La Ermita, Calle 5 and Carrera 2. The church Ermita de Jesús Nazareno is the oldest church of the city dates back to 1546. It has a refined altar and colonial paintings (frescoes) that were discovered after the 1983 earthquake. (updated Feb 2018) 2.43935-76.599453 Belen. Small church perched on top of a small hill overlooking Popayan. (updated Feb 2018) 2.4419015-76.60629424 Parque de Caldas. Popayan's central square, named after one of Popayan's most famous citizens: Francisco Jose de Caldas (1768-1816). A statue of him is visible in the center of the square. On one side of the square is a city landmark called the Torre del Reloj or the 'Clock Tower.' The clock was designed by Caldas himself and was constructed in Croydon, England before being shipped to Colombia. A few doors down from the Torre del Reloj is the city's Cathedral, which was badly damaged during the major earthquake that almost destroyed the whole city on March 31, 1983. The city took almost 20 years to fully recover from the quake but the vast majority of the buildings in the white colonial centre have now been restored to their former glory. (updated Feb 2018) As for government buildings the Gobernacion and the Universidad del Cauca have excellent colonial premises. 2.44448-76.60515 Puente del Humilladero, Carrera 6 and Calle 2. Another architectural site which is a long walking bridge over a river in Popayan that was constructed in old Roman style. (updated Feb 2018) 2.444636-76.60011216 El Morro de Tulcán, Calle 7 and Carrera 2. a hill which was an Indian pyramid dating before 1535. On the top of the hill there is a statue dedicated to the Conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar which founded the Spanish establishment of Popayán. The top offers a perfect view of the city and during week-end, a crowd is there to enjoy the sunset. free. (updated Feb 2018) Also you can see other older religious traditions like of the Amo Jesus Nazareno of Puelenje is a Catholic image, that is worshiped in the temple of Puelenje, district of Popayan, Colombia. Patron Saint of this place. It is a polychrome wood sculpture of Jesus Christ of the eighteenth century made in the Quito school. Is Baroque. The image also scrolls the Holy Wednesday. In the processions of Holy Week in Popayán that are inscribed in UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.This religious festival is celebrated by the natives of Puelenje for 15 days, where there are fireworks, processions, religious ceremonies and cultural events as the Chirimia. The city is world-renowned for its Easter celebrations, or the Semana Santa. In fact, the celebrations are the second largest in the world (after Seville, Spain) and are a major sight! Every night during Semana Santa, there are processions in the streets and tens of thousands of people line the sidewalks to watch as floats pass by with religious motifs. The floats are carried on the shoulders of human volunteers. It's a great honour to be selected for the Semana Santa processions but the floats can weigh up to 500 kg and so dislocated shoulders are frequent. It's a major cultural event that is witnessed by people from all over the country. 2.44129-76.604571 Universidad del Cauca, Calle 5 and Carrera 5. The University of Cauca has 9 faculties in which it provides undergraduate and graduate training in different areas of knowledge like Telecommunications, Civil Engineering, Human Sciences and Arts. (updated Feb 2018) You can buy some handicrafts. They are specially made by guambiano indians In 2005, Popayan became the first city to be designated a City of Gastronomy as part of the UNESCO Creative Cities initiative. For cheap and genuine food, try the market near Plaza Bolivar, north of the Puente del Humilladero. Meals from COP$5,000. Carantanta: A kind of chip typical from the Cauca departement made from corn, It can be eaten with a soup. Pipian: A sauce made from peanuts. Can be served with tamales or very small "empanadas", which are potato doughnuts. Champús: Drink made from crushed maize, in addition to panela, lulo, pineapple, cinnamon, cloves and leaves of the orange tree. Manjar Blanco or Payanés: a typical sweet cream made from milk, sugar and rice. Manjarillo: dulce de leche with panela (unrefined whole cane sugar). Dulce cortado de leche: another variation of dulce de leche with cloves and cinamon. Breva Calada: dessert made of figs cooked with panela served on top of white cheese. Usually made for Christmas. Helado de Paila: Ice cream made in a large shallow and heavy copper bowl. Envuelto: Corn cake wrapped in a plantain leef. Can be eaten with cheese. Rosquilla: the Popayan version of the donut. 2.442225-76.60558741 Cuaresnor Pan Tolima, Carrera 6 and Calle 4, ☏ +57 2 8205291. 6AM–9PM. Simple place to try some of the Cauca specialties. The place has also a nice bakery. Lunch COP$7,000. (updated Feb 2018) Vegetarian option: 2.442603-76.60735212 El Muro, Carrera 8a, #4-11. dishes and a drink for $4000. (updated Feb 2018) Real santo domingo (calle 4 # 2-39), ☏ +57 92-8208022. Crepes + Gaseosa (option of chicken or meat or fruits) $3,900 (updated Feb 2018) Cakes and more, carrera 2 #2-35, ☏ +57 32 836462. Amazing cakes. Popayán is in Cauca, which was considered one of the most dangerous departments in Colombia in 2011. [1] In 2011 several car bombs rocked central Popayán, with the authorities blaming local armed and mafia groups for the actions. [2] stay alert for information regarding drug traffickers, guerrillas and paramilitaries, as this city and its surroundings sees the presence of countless armed groups. Aguardiente caucano is a drink based on Anis and it has some degrees of alcohol. It's the favorite drink in informal parties. El Sotareño, Calle 6, 8-05. A small and friendly bar with oldish music and good atmosphere. 2.4410904-76.60241221 Hostel Caracol, Calle 4 #2-21 (4 blocks from the main square and just 300m from La Ermita church), ☏ +57 311 626 8840, [email protected]. Opened in October 2011, this is one of the most laid-back hostels in the city. It's in a beautiful 16th-century colonial building in the heart of the colonial centre. Offers: Free Wifi, Computers with internet, 24-hour access, kitchen, DVD room, Lockers with power sockets, lots of information on trips. The hostel also offers the best deals on long-stay rates. Dorms: COP$27,000, private room: COP$48,000, doubles: COP$62,000. (updated Feb 2018) 2.4435044-76.6104792 Hostel Trail, Carrera 11 #4-16 (20 meters from Hotel Monasterio), ☏ +57 314 696 0805, [email protected]. The backpacker's choice in Popayan since 2006 and rated considered by the rough guide to be "one of the best hostels in the country..." with private and dorm rooms, the fastest broadband internet in the city, free Wi-Fi, Skype, DVD Collection, lockers with power points, hot water showers, laundry and self-catering kitchen and breakfast service. HostelTrail also runs most of the tours in Popayan including the downhill cycling trip to Coconuco. Wednesday night is curry night. COP$10,000 for a curry and a drink. Dorms: COP$23,000, doubles: COP$62,000, singles: COP$40,000. (updated Feb 2018) 2.4412878-76.60621443 ParkLife Hostel, Calle 5 #6-19 (In the central park besides the Cathedral), ☏ +57 3002496240, +57 3044011561, [email protected]. This hostel is right in the center of Popayan, in the Prque Caldas. It is in a beautiful colonial building with amazing views to the Popayan main square. In the past few months the area has been reserved only for pedestrians so that tranquility is a guarantee. It's good karma and low prices have atracted many tourists trying to visit the city or its surroundings. The services include free Wi-Fi, laundry service, big common areas, and free use of the kitchen. The area is very close to several coffee shops, supermarkets and the main commercial street. Dorms COP$25,000, doubles COP$55,000. (updated Feb 2018) Hotel Pass Home, Calle 5 #10-114 (five streets down the hill from the central park), ☏ +57 8243725 (Landline), +57 3164489513, +57 3207355088 (Cellular Phones), [email protected]. This hotel is clean and the owners (Colombian family) are very friendly. If you need a place for a tent, you can pitch here as well for COP$10,000 and you can use the kitchen for free. Free WiFi. Private rooms have cable TV with 106 channels in English, German, French, Chinese, Spanish, etc. You can also purchase a breakfast, lunch, and dinner package with local Popayan cuisine for COP$10,000 per day. Dorms COP$18,000, singles COP$25,000, doubles COP$36,000. Residencial Florida, Carrera 6. Very simple rooms with shared toilet/bathroom. Singles from COP$7000. Hotel Monasterio (Dann Hotel), Calle 4, between Carreras 10 and 11. This is a city landmark in itself. It used to be a Monastery and it was converted into a very nice hotel. It is behind the Iglesia de San Jose. It is about 4 city blocks from the Parque de Caldas. $$$. Hotel Camino Real, Carrera 5 # 5-59 (Half a block away from Parque Caldas), ☏ +57 2 824 3595. This is a very good hotel in the city center. The food is unexpectedly sophisticated. The service is cordial, especially important for non-Spanish speaking guests. The decor reflects the Spanish influence, but makes you feel at home. The rooms are comfortable for the business traveler as well as for visiting families. Reasonably priced rooms in the heart of the city. $$. Casa Familiar Turistica, Carrera 5 No. 2-07, ☏ +57 92 8244853. This is a smallish family run hostel with an excellent location right inside the historical center. The family seems mostly indifferent, neither helpful or rude. It offers two hot showers, kitchen use (with a fee), laundry service and breakfast for COP$3,000. Price for a dormbed was COP$13,000 but has been rising. La Casa de Mima, Calle 3 # 2 -37 (5 blocks away from Parque Caldas), ☏ +57 2 8243 197. Once a family home, now attended by owner. Very convenient location in a quiet downtown street. Rooms are large, most with private bathroom. Back garden, small swimming pool. Check-in can be arranged for guest convenience. COP$70,000. 2.4414479-76.60093464 Coffee Break Hostel, Carrera 1 #3-27. Hostel located in the university neighbor. The center is at a five minutes walk distance as well as other attractions. The staff is very friendly and will help you organize tours. Rooms are comfortable and clean. The common space is nice with hammocks and pizza oven. Large and clean kitchen with everything to cook. COP$25,000 for a dormitory bed, COP$50,000 for a double room.. (updated Feb 2018) There is a lot of budget accommodation in Carrera 6, just across the Puente del Humilladero, north of the Rio Molino. Coconuco, one hour from Popayan, this small town offers the Hirviendos hot springs. HostelTrail (see Sleep) also runs the most popular trip in Popayan which is a downhill cycling trip to Aguas Hirviendos. The tour leaves at 10PM from HostelTrail and returns at around 3-4PM in the afternoon. Puracé National Natural Park, a national park two hours from Popayan, where it is possible to trek to the top of the Purace volcano or look for Andean wildlife. The bus leaves for the park at 5am from the main station. Salvajina Silvia, about one hour from Popayan, in the land of the Guambiano Indians. There is a spectacular market there on Tuesdays. San Agustin, a small town with dozens of pre-Colombian statues, waterfalls and beautiful views can be reached in about 5 hours.
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Rem Koolhaas (born 17 November 1944 in Rotterdam, Netherlands) is a Dutch architect, former journalist and screenwriter who studied architecture at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London and co-founded the Office for Metropolitan Architecture. Architecture is a dangerous mixture of power and impotence. From S,M,L,XL, New York: The Monacelli Press, 1995 Find optimism in the inevitable. From the New York Times article on Koolhaas and Dubai appearing March 3rd, 2008. Available here: The city is no longer. We can leave the theatre now. From "Generic City", published in S,M,L,XL, New York: The Monacelli Press, 1995 Bigness is no longer part of any urban tissue. (...) Its subtext is fuck context. From "Bigness or the problem of Large", published in S,M,L,XL, New York: The Monacelli Press, 1995 Japan lives with drastic segregation between the sublime, the ugly, and the utterly without qualities. Dominance of the last 2 categories makes mere presence of the first stunning: when beauty 'happens', it is absolutely surprising. From "Learning Japanese", published in S,M,L,XL, New York: The Monacelli Press, 1995 We were making sand castles. Now we swim in the sea that swept them away What Ever Happened to Urbanism? The Monicelli Press, New York, 1995, pp. 959/971. People can inhabit anything. And they can be miserable in anything and ecstatic in anything. More and more I think that architecture has nothing to do with it. Of course, that's both liberating and alarming. But the generic city, the general urban condition, is happening everywhere, and just the fact that it occurs in such enormous quantities must mean that it's habitable. Architecture can't do anything that the culture doesn't. We all complain that we are confronted by urban environments that are completely similar. We say we want to create beauty, identity, quality, singularity. And yet, maybe in truth these cities that we have are desired. Maybe their very characterlessness provides the best context for living. From Bauhaus to Koolhaas Interview in Wired magazine (4 July 1996) It's very simple and it has nothing to do with identifiable goals. It is to keep thinking about what architecture can be, in whatever form. That is an answer, isn't it? I think that S,M,L,XL has one beautiful ambiguity: it used the past to build a future and is very adamant about giving notice that this is not the end. That's how it felt to me, anyway. That is in itself evidence of a kind of discomfort with achievement measured in terms of identifiable entities, and an announcement that continuity of thinking in whatever form, around whatever subject, is the real ambition. Rem Koolhaas Interview with Jennifer Sigler in Index Magazine, (2000) Noting that architecture can no longer keep up with the world: "The areas of consensus shift unbelievably fast; the bubbles of certainty are constantly exploding. Any architectural project we do takes at least four or five years, so increasingly there is a discrepancy between the acceleration of culture and the continuing slowness of architecture. interview in Iconey , Icon 013, (June 2004) Architecture can't do anything that the culture doesn't. We all complain that we are confronted by urban environments that are completely similar. We say we want to create beauty, identity, quality, singularity. And yet, maybe in truth these cities that we have are desired. Maybe their very characterlessness provides the best context for living. Interview in Wired magazine “Architecture has been a domain of architects, a discipline presumably dominated by immaculately dressed bookish pedants that have a stream of thought well displaced from regular human thought.”- Rem Koolhaas Interview with Jennifer Sigler in Index Magazine, (2000) Wikipedia has an article about: Rem Koolhaas
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There is help. ~ Coping with COVID-19 ~ Coping with Social Isolation ~ Finding a Therapist ~ Other Resources ~ [Master List of Mental Health Resources] ~ More at HGAPS.org ~ This page gives information regarding various financial information that may be helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic. This page provides information on how to file for unemployment benefits, the implementation of new social services programs, the stimulus package, student loan payments, and food security. Disclaimer: Much of this information varies on a state-by-state basis. North Carolina is being used as an example throughout the page. Please validate this information for your specific state. Unemployment benefits provide temporary benefits to those who lost their jobs through no fault of their own, while they are actively searching for a new one. Benefits are typically a percentage of the unemployed person's income over the past year, up to a maximum that is decided on a state-by-state basis. Most states' benefits last for 26 weeks. Michigan, Missouri, and South Carolina pay for 20 weeks. Arkansas pays for 16 weeks and Alabama pays for 14 weeks. Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Idaho, and North Carolina have sliding scales tied to unemployment levels. If you have exhausted your benefits, you may be eligible for extended benefits. Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the federal government will increase state unemployment benefits by $600 per week for four months, and 19 states have dropped the standard one-week waiting period before collecting benefits. gig workers and freelancers, who previously were not able to claim unemployment, will be covered. Please be advised that this information came from the North Carolina government. Requirements may differ based on different states. Before you apply for unemployment insurance, you will need your social security number, details from your most recent employer about separation, details regarding any retirement pay, bank routing number and account number for direct deposit, and your past 2 years work history. Eligibility requirements include: Unemployment due to no fault of your own. Monetary eligibility- you must have made sufficient wages to establish a claim. Be physically able, available, and actively seeking work Must register to work with your resident state's job service office. For North Carolina, this is: NCWorks Online. Filing for unemployment insurance varies by state, so search for your state's Department of Commerce for more steps. This section includes social services available for those impacted by COVID-19. The federal government includes the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program that gives funds to states and territories to provide financial assistance to families. Qualifications include: The applicant must be pregnant or responsible for a child under age 19. Must be a U.S. national, citizen, legal alien, or permanent resident. Have low or very low income. Be under-employed (working for very low wages). Unemployed or about to become unemployed. The Department of Health and Human Services vary programs for different states, so please validate any information for your state. The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services has a webpage with a list of COVID-19 information for local social services. This website can be found here. Search for food pantries in your area here. If you do not find anything near you, contact your local religious organizations to see if they have a food pantry at their location. Search for Feeding America food banks in your area here. Food and Nutrition Services (Food Stamps) is a federal program that provides low-income families food they need to sustain a nutritionally adequate diet. For more information on how to apply in North Carolina, click here. To apply in a different state, search for the Department of Health and Human Services for your state. If you are looking for temporary jobs, visit this link for a list, including grocery stores, Amazon, pharmacies, and delivery services. In order to find a job with the employer of your choosing, search that employer online and follow their steps to apply. Under the CARES Act, there is a temporary suspension of principal and interest payments on student loans from the federal government through September 30, 2020. No application is required. If you made a payment after March 13, you may request a refund. Please be aware that this only includes federal government student loans, not private student loans. During this time of heightened anxiety, scammers may try to take advantage of you and trick you into giving them your personal information. Here are some tips to avoid getting scammed. Ignore online or telephone offers for vaccinations or treatment packages for COVID-19. Do your research about who you are donating to. Never give out your personal or banking information to callers. Government agencies will never call you to ask for personal information. Always check the CDC's website for the most current information about the COVID-19 virus. Ignore text messages claiming to be government agencies asking for your information. Do not click on any links in emails or text messages that seem out of character from the person sending it. They may have been hacked. "What You Need to Know About Unemployment Insurance", "The New York Times", March 17, 2020 "Coronavirus Financial Aid Bill: What's in It for Consumers", "Consumer Reports", March 27, 2020 NC Department of Commerce Employment Security, "Before you apply" Benefits.Gov "Temporary Assistance for Needy Families" North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services "Food and Nutrition Services" Kristen Evans "What you need to know about student loans and the coronavirus pandemic", "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau", April 9, 2020 Federal Communications Commission, "COVID-19 Consumer Warnings and Safety Tips" April 8, 2020
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See also Author: Liang Qichao 天下古今成败之林,若是其莽然不一途也。要其何以成?何以败?曰:“有毅力者成,反是者败。”盖人生历程,大抵逆境居十六七,顺境亦居十三四。而顺逆两境,又常相间以迭乘。无论事之大小,而必有数次乃至十数次之阻力。 天下古今成败的种种事情,是如此的情况繁多、道路不一啊。概括地研究它们为什么成功、为什么失败?是有毅力的人成功,与此相反的人失败。人生的历程,大抵逆境占十分之六、七,顺境也占十分之三、四,顺、逆两境又常常互相间隔、交替出现。无论事情的大小,必定有几次乃至十几次遇到阻力。 Tiānxià gǔjīn chéngbài de zhǒngzhǒng shìqíng, shì rúcǐ de qíngkuàng fánduō, dàolù bùyī a. Gàikuò de yánjiū tāmen wèishéme chénggōng, wèishéme shībài? Shì yǒu yìlì de rén chénggōng, yǔcǐ xiāngfǎn de rén shībài. Rénshēng de lìchéng, dàgài nìjìng zhàn 60-70%, shùnjìng zhàn 30-40%, shùnjìng hé nìjìng yòu chángcháng hùxiāng jiàngé, jiāotì chūxiàn. Wúlùn shìqíng de dàxiǎo, bìdìng yǒu jǐ cì nǎizhì shí-jǐ cì yùdào zǔlì. Things that happened in history are so complicated that it took different paths. Briefly studying why some became successful and why some became failure? Those who had determination succeed, conversely those who were not determined fail. The journey of one's life, roughly 60-70% are adversity, 30-40% are prosperity. Adversity and prosperity often appear in alternate interval. No matter how big or small a situation was, there must be several to severals times where impediments were encountered. 其阻力虽或大或小,而要之必无可逃避者也。其在志力薄弱之士,始固曰吾欲云云,吾欲云云。其意以为天下事固易易也。及骤尝焉,而阻力猝来,颓然丧矣。其次弱者,乘一时之客气,透过此第一关,遇再挫而退。稍强者,遇三四挫而退。更稍强者,遇五六挫而退。其事愈大者,其遇挫愈多,其不退也愈难。非至强之人,未有能善于其终者也。 它们的阻力虽然或大或小,但总之是必定无可逃避的。那些志力薄弱的人,开始时一定说 "我要怎样,我要怎样",他们的意思是以为天下的事情本来十分容易,等到很快地尝试一下,阻力突然来了,就灰心丧气地打退堂鼓了;那些志力稍微薄弱的人,乘着一时的意气,通过了这第一关,遇到两次挫折就退后了;那些志力稍微强大的人,遇到三、四次挫折就退后了;那些志力更加强大的人,遇到五、六次挫折也退后了;那种事情越大的,做的人遇到的挫折越多,他没有退后是不容易的,不是志力最强的人,没有能够好好地做到底的。 Tāmen de zǔlì suīrán huò dà huò xiǎo, dàn zǒngzhī shì bìdìng wúkě táobì de. Nàxiē yìzhìlì bóruò de rén, kāishǐ shí yīdìng shuō "wǒ yào zěnyàng, wǒ yào zěnyàng", tāmen de yìsī shì yǐwéi tiānxià de shìqíng běnlái shífēn róngyì, děngdào hěn kuài de chángshì yīxià, zǔlì tūrán lái le, jiù huīxīnsàngqì de dǎtuìtánggǔ le; nàxiē yìzhìlì shāowēi bóruò de rén, chéngzhe yīshí de yìqì, tōngguòle zhè dì-1 guān, yùdào 2 cì cuòzhé jiù tuìhòu le; nàxiē yìzhìlì shāowēi qiángdà de rén, yùdào 3-4 cì cuòzhé jiù tuìhòu le; nàxiē yìzhìlì gēngjiā qiángdà de rén, yùdào 5-6 cì cuòzhé yě tuìhòu le; nà zhǒng shìqíng yuè dà de, zuò de rén yùdào de cuòzhé yuè duō, tā méiyǒu tuìhòu shì bù róngyì de, bùshì yìzhìlì zuì qiáng de rén, méiyǒu nénggòu hǎohǎo de zuòdàodǐ de. Their impediment although can be large or small, but it must be unescapable. Those who have weak perseverance, in the beginning say "I want that, I want that". Their meaning is to think that things in this world is essentially very easy and wait until trying, the impediment suddenly come and frustratingly one chicken out. Those people with less perseverance with a moment of impulsivity, passed the first round, encountered two times set back and retreat. Those with a slightly strong perseverance retreat after encountering three to four times of setback. Those with even stronger perseverance, retreat after five to six times of setback. The bigger a matter is, the people doing it will encounter more setback. He/she without retreat is not easy. Those who don't have the strongest perseverance, can't finish a matter finely to the end. 夫苟其挫而不退矣,则小逆之后必有小顺,大逆之后必有大顺。盘根错节之既破,而遂有应刃而解之一日。旁观者徒艳羡其功之成,以为是殆幸运儿,而天有以宠彼也。又以为我蹇于遭逢,故所就不彼若也。庸讵知所谓蹇焉幸焉者,彼皆与我之所同,而其能征服此蹇焉,利用此幸焉与否,即彼成我败所由判也。更譬诸操舟,如以兼旬之期行千里之地者,其间风潮之或顺或逆,常相参伍。彼以坚苦忍耐之力,冒其逆而突过之,而后得从容以容度其顺。我则或一日而返焉,或二三日而返焉,或五六日而返焉;故彼岸终不可得达也。 如果他遇到挫折而不退后,那末在小的挫折之后,必定有小的顺利;大的挫折之后,必定有大的顺利。烦难复杂的地方已经过去了,接着就会有随着刀子下去就切断了的一天。旁观的人只是非常羡慕他的成功,以为他大概是幸运儿,天老爷有宠于他,又以为自己在遭遇上很艰难,因此所成就的事业不如他。这种人怎么知道所谓的艰难、幸运,都是他和我相同的,但那种能不能够征服艰难、利用幸运的态度,即是他成功、我失败所区别的地方。又比如驾船,如果在二十天的期间内,行驶千里的水路,其间风潮的或顺或逆,常常交相错杂。他凭借坚苦忍耐的志力,顶着逆风恶浪而突破、通过难关,然后能够从从容容进入到顺利的境地。我就有时行驶了一天即返回了,有时行驶了两三天即返回了,有时行驶了五六天即返回了,所以那边岸终于无法达到。 Rúguǒ tā yùdào cuòzhé ér bù tuìhòu, nàme zài xiǎo de cuòzhé zhīhòu, bìdìng yǒu xiǎo de shùnlì; dà de cuòzhé zhīhòu, bìdìng yǒu dà de shùnlì. Fánnán fùzá de dìfāng yǐjīng guòqù le, jiēzhe jiù huì yǒu suízhe dāozi xiàqù jiù qiēduànle de yītiān. Pángguān de rén zhǐshì fēicháng xiànmù tā de chénggōng, yǐwéi tā dàgài shì xìngyùn'ér, tiānlǎoyé yǒu chǒng yú tā, yòu yǐwéi zìjǐ zài zāoyù shàng hěn jiānnán, yīncǐ suǒ chéngjiù de shìyè bùrú tā. Zhè zhǒng rén zěnme zhīdào suǒwèi de jiānnán, xìngyùn, dōu shì tā hé wǒ xiāngtóng de, dàn nà zhǒng néng bù nénggòu zhēngfú jiānnán, lìyòng xìngyùn de tàidù, jiùshì tā chénggōng, wǒ shībài suǒ qūbié de dìfāng. Yòu bǐrú jiàshǐ chuán, rúguǒ zài 20 tiān de qījiān nèi, xíngshǐ qiānlǐ de shuǐlù, qījiān fēngcháo de huò shùn huò nì, chángcháng jiāoxiāng-cuòzá. Tā píngjiè jiānkǔ rěnnài de yìzhìlì, dǐngzhe nìfēng-èlàng ér tūpò, tōngguò nánguān, ránhòu nénggòu cóngcóng-róngróng jìnrù dào shùnlì de jìngdì. Wǒ jiù yǒushí xíngshǐle yītiān jiù fǎnhuí le, yǒushí xíngshǐle 2-3 tiān jiù fǎnhuí le, yǒushí xíngshǐle 5-6 tiān jiù fǎnhuí le, suǒyǐ nà biān àn zhōngyú wúfǎ dádào. If he encounters setback and don't retreat, so after small setback, there must be small success, after big setback, there must be big success. Hard and complex part have gone, breakthrough will follow one day. Spectators are envious over his success, think he is a lucky star and that god is partial for him. On-lookers think oneself is confronted with hardship, so careerwise not as successful as the undertaker. Spectators don't know the so-call hardship and luck is the same as the undertaker. The attitude of conquering hardship and utilising luck distinguishes his success and my failure. As in sailing, if it is possible to sail 1,000 miles within 20 days. The wind records for the period whether with or against is always transient and complicated. He with determined patience and endurance, ride with the wind in adverse storm and breakthrough, passing through difficulties and then can enter the realm of success with ease. Sometimes I sailed for 1 day before return, sometimes I sailed for 2-3 days before return and sometimes I sailed for 5-6 days before return, so never can reach shoreline at that side. 孔子曰:“譬如为山,未成一箦,止,吾止也。譬如平地,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也。”孟子曰:“有为者譬若掘井,掘井九仞而不及泉,犹为弃井也。”成败之数,视此而已。 孔子说:“比如造山,还差一筐土,如果停止下来,那是我自己停止的;又比如填平土地,即使只倒了一筐土,如果继续去填,那是我自己去填的。”孟子说:“做事的人,比如挖井,挖了七、八丈深,还没有挖到井水,还是废井。”成败的规律,在此而已。 Kǒngzǐ shuō: “Bǐrú zàoshān, hái chā yī kuāng tǔ, rúguǒ tíngzhǐ xiàlái, nà shì wǒ zìjǐ tíngzhǐ de; yòu bǐrú tiánpíng tǔdì, jíshǐ zhǐ dàole yī kuāng tǔ, rúguǒ jìxù qù tián, nà shì wǒ zìjǐ qù tián de.” Mèngzǐ shuō: “Zuòshì de rén, bǐrú wā jǐng, wāle 7-8 zhàng shēn, hái méiyǒu wā dào jǐng shuǐ, háishì fèi jǐng.” Chéngbài de guīlǜ, zài cǐ éryǐ. Confucius said: As in making mountain, still lacking a basket of soil, if stopped, this is to my own accord. As in land flattening, if there is a lackage of a basketful of soil, if continuing flattening, this is to my own accord. Mencius said: Doers, as in well-digging, after digging dozens of metres deep, still unable to find water, the well is derelicted. The nature of success or failure depend on this.
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Wednesday, May 4, 2005 After an away victory of 1:3 over Vojvodina, Partizan increased its advantage over second place Red Star by 7 points in the First Federal League. Red Star shared points with Smederevo by tieing 1:1 at home with the 12th place team. Another surpise of the round was the easy victory of Obilić over Budućnost, with a score of 4:2 (3:1 at half time), which put Obilić into 13th place, and allowed Zemun to take over the 5th spot from Budućnost. Obilić now has a chance to finish in the top 12, which would secure their existence in the first league, as they are behind Hajduk, Borac and Smederevo by a goal difference only and have a deficit of one played game. All results from this round are: Borac - Hajduk Bgd. 2:0 (0:0) Zeta - Čukarički St. 2:0 (1:0) Zemun - Sutjeska 1:0 (1:0) Vojvodina - Partizan 1:3 (0:0) OFK Beograd - Hajduk R. 4:1 (3:0) Red Star - Smederevo 1:1 (0:0) Železnik - Radnički JP 3:3 (1:2) Obilić - Budućnost 4:2 (3:1) "Table" — Union of the First Federal League clubs, May 4, 2005
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The stratigraphical knowledge of the Indonesian Archipelago will be summarized in this chapter. A synopsis of the stratigraphy of the Netherlands East Indies has been published by BROUWER (1925) and L. M. R. RUTTEN (1927). In 1938 UMBGROVE gave a comprehensive review of the geological history of the East Indies. A number of important contributions to the stratigraphy which appeared in 1937-1938, not available to UMBGROVE, were summarized by SMIT SIBINGA (1940). L. M. R. RUTTEN (1948) and DE BEAUFORT (1948) reviewed the paleontological work carried out in the Netherlands for the Dutch Overseas Territories during the period 1918-1943. Other important reviews on the stratigraphy of the Indian Archipelago are to be found in: The "MARTIN-Volume" of the "Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen" (1931), in which a number of authors gives a review of the paleontological and stratigraphical data up to the year 1930; UMBGROVE (1934 b) on theNeogene, and(1935)on thePre-Tertiary; BADINGS (1936) on the Paleogene; STAUFFER (1945) on the stratigraphy of Indonesia; SMITH (1924, 1925) on the stratigraphy of the Philippines; MONTGOMERY, OSBORN and GLAESSNER on the stratigraphy of Eastern New Guinea 1); CHHIBBER (1934) on the stratigraphy of the Andamans and Nicobars. In 1950, P. Marks, published Stratigraphic Lexicon of Indonesia, which is a compilation of formation names in Indonesia. The formation names are sorted in alphabetical order with their description, rough map of the localities, and summarized them in stratigraphic charts. The first Indonesian Stratigraphic Nomenclature guide (Sandi Stratigraphy Indonesia) was published in 1973 by Soejono Martodjojo and Djuhaeni. This book was updated in 1996 and published electronically by the Indonesian Geologist Association. The file is available online in SSI-1996. Many publications related to sequence stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy in Indonesia were published by the Indonesian Petroleum Assocation (IPA), the Indonesian Geological Association (IAGI)and other professional organizations. A compilation of updated article on biostratigraphy of SE Asia is currently being prepared by the Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI), which aim to issue it in 2014. Another key source on the stratigraphy of Indonesia is the Geological Research and Development Centre of Indonesia (GRDC) For the sake of brevity, in this chapter only some notes will be given on recent advances in our knowledge of the pre-tertiary stratigraphy. For the rest the reader is referred to the regional descriptions. The tertiary and quaternary formations have a much wider distribution than the pre-tertiary rocks. Their stratigraphy is most important in the unraveling of the evolution of the younger mountain systems in this area. Therefore, the stratigraphy of the Tertiary and the Quaternary will be treated at some length in this chapter.
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Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor, film director, and activist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential actors of the post-war era. Noted for popularizing method acting. An actor's a guy, who if you ain't talking about him, ain't listening. The Observer (1956) You are very attractive, but the coat you're wearing makes me think you are either a very rich woman or a very rich man's mistress. Stated to Ashraf Pahlavi of Iran, as quoted in Faces in a Mirror (1980) by Ashraf Pahlavi, p. 129 Bob Hope will go to the opening of a phone booth in a gas station in Anaheim, providing they have a camera there and three people. He'll go to the opening of a market to receive an award. He'd get an award from Thom McCan for wearing their shoes. It's pathetic. It's a bottomless pit. A barrel that has no floor. He must be a man who has an ever-crumbling estimation of himself. He's constantly filling himself up. He's like a junkie – an applause junkie. What happens to those people when they can't get up and do their shtick, God only knows. Bob Hope, Christ, instead of growing old gracefully or doing something with his money, be helpful, all he does is he has an anniversary with the President looking on. It's sad. He gets on an airplane every two minutes always going someplace. It didn't bother him at all to work the Vietnam War. Oh, he took that in his stride. He did his World War II and Korean War act. "Our boys" and all that. He’s a pathetic guy. Homosexuality is so much in fashion it no longer makes news. Like a large number of men, I, too, have had homosexual experiences and I am not ashamed. I have never paid much attention to what people think about me. But if there is someone who is convinced that Jack Nicholson and I are lovers, may they continue to do so. I find it amusing. As stated to Gary Carey in Brando's 1976 biography The Only Contender A lot of the old movie stars couldn't act their way out of a box of wet tissue paper, but they were successful because they had distinctive personalities. They were predictable brands of breakfast cereal: on Wednesdays we had Quaker Oats and Gary Cooper; on Fridays we had Wheaties and Clark Gable. They were off-the-shelf products you expected always to be the same, actors and actresses with likable personalities who played themselves more or less the same role the same way every time out. When they laid down their arms, we murdered them. We lied to them. We cheated them out of their lands. We starved them into signing fraudulent agreements that we called treaties which we never kept. We turned them into beggars on a continent that gave life for as long as life can remember. And by any interpretation of history, however twisted, we did not do right. We were not lawful nor were we just in what we did. For them, we do not have to restore these people, we do not have to live up to some agreements, because it is given to us by virtue of our power to attack the rights of others, to take their property, to take their lives when they are trying to defend their land and liberty, and to make their virtues a crime and our own vices virtues. Speech for the Academy Awards protesting the treatment of American Indians, written by Brando, as it appeared in the New York Times (March 30, 1973) I think awards in this country at this time are inappropriate to be received or given until the condition of the American Indian is drastically altered. If we are not our brother's keeper, at least let us not be his executioner. Speech for the Academy Awards written by Brando as it appeared in the New York Times (March 30, 1973) Bertolucci is extraordinary in his ability to perceive, he's a poet...he is very easy to work for. Rolling Stone Issue No. 213 (May 20, 1976) on Bernardo Bertolucci. Chaplin you got to go with. Chaplin is a man whose talents is such that you have to gamble. First off, comedy is his backyard. He's a genius, a cinematic genius. A comedic talent without peer. Rolling Stone Issue No. 213 (May 20, 1976) on Charlie Chaplin Kazan is a performer's director, the best director I ever worked with... Most actors don't get any help from directors. Emotional help, if you're playing an emotional part. Kazan is the only one I know who really gives you help. Rolling Stone Issue No. 213 (May 20, 1976) on Elia Kazan It is a simple fact that all of us use the techniques of acting to achieve whatever ends we seek. Introduction to The Technique of Acting by Stella Adler (1988) Acting serves as the quintessential social lubricant and a device for protecting our interests and gaining advantage in every aspect of life. Introduction to The Technique of Acting by Stella Adler (1988) Even today I meet people who think of me automatically as a tough, insensitive, coarse guy named Stanley Kowalski. They can't help it, but, it is troubling. Songs My Mother Taught Me (1994) I have always considered my life a private affair and the business of no one beyond my family and those I love. Except for moral and political issues that aroused in me a desire to speak out, I have done my utmost throughout my life, for the sake of my children and myself, to remain silent ... But now, in my seventieth year, I have decided to tell the story of my life as best I can, so that my children can separate the truth from the myths that others have created about me, as myths are created about everyone swept up in the turbulent and distorting maelstrom of celebrity in our culture. Songs My Mother Taught Me (1994) I was surprised as anyone when T-shirts, jeans and leather jackets suddenly became symbols of rebellion. In the film there was a scene in which somebody asked my character, Johnny, what I was rebelling against, and I answered 'Whaddya got?' But none of us involved in the picture ever imagined that it would instigate or encourage youthful rebellion. Speaking about the film The Wild One (1953) in Songs My Mother Taught Me (1994) On the day Kazan showed me the completed picture I was so depressed by my performance that I got up and left the screening room. Speaking of his performance in On the Waterfront (1954). Songs My Mother Taught Me (1994) "If there is a better performance by a man in the history of film in America, I don't know what it is. "- Eli Kazan on Brando's performance in On the Waterfront, published in Marlon Brando, Portraits and Film Stills 1946-1995 (1996) Acting is the expression of a neurotic impulse. It's a bum's life. Marlon Brando: The Only Contender, Gary Carey (1985), Ch.13 The principal benefit acting has afforded me is the money to pay for my psychoanalysis. Marlon Brando: The Only Contender, Gary Carey (1985), Ch.13 The power and influence of a movie star is curious: I didn't ask for it or take it; people gave it to me. Simply because you're a movie star, people empower you with special rights and privileges. Songs My Mother Taught Me (1994) I don't think I was constructed to be monogamous. I don't think it's the nature of any man to be monogamous. Men are propelled by genetically ordained impulses over which they have no control to distribute their seed. 1994 statement, as quoted in Kosher Sex : A Recipe for Passion and Intimacy (2000) by Shmuley Boteach There's a line in the picture where he snarls, "Nobody tells me what to do." That's exactly how I've felt all my life. Marlon Brando, Portraits and Film Stills 1946-1995 (1996) Speaking about the film The Wild One (1953). Hollywood is run by Jews. It is owned by Jews, and they should have a greater sensitivity. They should have greater sensitivity about the issue of people who are suffering because they've [been] exploited. We have seen the nigger, we've seen the greaseball, we have seen the chink, the slit-eyed dangerous Jap. We have seen the wily Filipino. We've seen everything, but we never saw the kike, because they know perfectly well that is where you draw the wagons around. Interview on Larry King Live (April 1996), quoted in Cultural Diversity and the U.S. Media (1998) by Yahya R. Kamalipour and Theresa Carilli, p. 105 This picture will try to show the Nazism is a matter of mind, not geography, and that there are Nazis — and people of good will — in every country. The world can't spend its life looking over its shoulder and nursing hatreds. There would be no progress that way. At a press conference for The Young Lions in Berlin; republished in Marlon Brando, Portraits and Film Stills 1946-1995 (1996) Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts. Whenever we want something from somebody or when we want to hide something or pretend, we're acting. Most people do it all day long. New York Times (July 2, 2004) If a studio offered to pay me as much to sweep the floor as it did to act, I'd sweep the floor. There isn't anything that pays you as well as acting while you decide what the hell you're going to do with yourself. Who cares about the applause? Do I need applause to feel good about myself? New York Times (July 2, 2004) The close-up says everything, it's then that an actor's learned, rehearsed behavior becomes most obvious to an audience and chips away, unconsciously, at its experience of reality. In a close-up, the audience is only inches away, and your face becomes the stage. New York Times (July 2, 2004) I suppose the story of my life is a search for love, but more than that, I have been looking for a way to repair myself from the damages I suffered early on and to define my obligation, if I had any, to myself and my species. New York Times (July 2, 2004) When I lie on the beach there naked, which I do sometimes, and I feel the wind coming over me and I see the stars up above and I am looking into this very deep, indescribable night, it is something that escapes my vocabulary to describe. Then I think: 'God, I have no importance. Whatever I do or don't do, or what anybody does, is not more important than the grains of sand that I am lying on, or the coconut that I am using for my pillow.' So I really don't think in the long sense. New York Times (July 2, 2004) Privacy is not something that I’m merely entitled to, it’s an absolute prerequisite. Said in 1960, quoted in Marlon Brando, Ch. 11 (1974, rev. 1989), by David Shipman. The movie may not contain Brando's greatest performance, but it certainly contains his most emotionally overwhelming scene... As he weeps, as he attempts to remove her cosmetic death mask ("Look at you! You're a monument to your mother! You never wore makeup, never wore false eyelashes! "), he makes it absolutely clear why he is the best film actor of all time. He may be a bore, he may be a creep, he may act childish about the Academy Awards -- but there is no one else who could have played that scene flat-out, no holds barred, the way he did, and make it work triumphantly. Roger Ebert, reviewing Last Tango in Paris, originally in Chicago Sun-Times, October 14, 1972 People like Brando are just kindergarten compared to Kinski. Werner Herzog, as quoted in Cintra Wilson, "Devoured by Demons", Slate, April 22, 2004 Simply put, in film acting, there is before Brando, and there is after Brando. And they are like different worlds. Rick Lyman, in The New York Times (July 2, 2004) Mr. Brando can chew on a matchstick with more skill than many actors can summon up to create a whole character, and simply watching him work is a lesson in the art of acting. McCall's Magazine, April 1961, as quoted in "Introducing 'One-Eyed Jacks'", The Iola Register (August 4, 1961), p. 8 He gave us our freedom. Jack Nicholson on Brando's influence on the acting profession, as quoted in "Marlon Brando" in The TIME 100: The Most Important People of the Century (8 June 1998) Talking about Marlon is like dancing about architecture. When you tell the stories, the stories would be rich. And everybody would laugh a lot. And then say "where does it come from?" Sean Penn on the difficulty of explaining Brando, on interview on "The Charlie Rose Show" (2 July 2004) I like Brando's acting ... and James Dean ... and Richard Widmark. Quite a few of 'em I like. Elvis Presley, when asked to name his favorite actors, in "Elvis Exclusive Interview" with Ray Green in Little Rock, Arkansas (16 May 1956), as published in Elvis — Word for Word : What He Said, Exactly As He Said It (1999), by Jerry Osborne, p. 21 Marlon Brando, who has been gaining stage stature for several seasons, comes up with a crack performance as Stanley Variety Magazine[1] No figure of his influence has so precariously balanced a handful of unforgettable achievements against a brimming barrelful of embarrassments. And yet the reverence in which he is held by his profession is unshakable. His sometime friend and co-star Jack Nicholson said it simply and best: "He gave us our freedom." By which he meant that Brando's example permitted actors to go beyond characterizations that were merely well made, beautifully spoken and seemly in demeanor; allowed them to play not just a script's polished text but its rough, conflicting subtext as well. Richard Schickel, in The TIME 100: The Most Important People of the Century (8 June 1998) Pallid as a mushroom, smooth-skinned and scarred, with curved feminine lips and silky hair, he seems as unhealthy as a lame duck. Yet his ram-like profile has the harsh strength of the gutter. Cecil Beaton, diary entry, circa 1957; as quoted in "Beaton on Brando", Sothebys.com (July 19, 2018) Wikipedia has an article about: Marlon Brando Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Marlon Brando Marlon Brando at IMDb Time Magazine's 100 most notable people of the century Official Website
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Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd) is the capital of Wales. It used to be an industrial city, but is now a lively and modern capital city and a tourism hot spot. The city is friendly to pedestrians, and summer is by far the best time to visit, with large festivals, and outdoor dining and drinking. The city centre has been intensely developed in the 21st century, and is now considered to be one of the top ten shopping destinations in the United Kingdom. Cardiff is a green city, and this is complemented by Bute Park which sits in the heart of the city. It has a reputation as a city of castles, having 5 of them within its surroundings. The city's core population stands at roughly 341,000, with 861,000 living in the larger urban area. Cardiff is on the south coast of the south Wales plain, with a shoreline on the Bristol Channel. It lies at the mouth of three rivers: the Taff, the Ely and the Rhymney, with the Taff flowing through the city centre and all three reaching the sea at Cardiff Bay. Cardiff is quite a flat city, a characteristic that helped it become one of the world's leading ports for the transport of coal from the rugged south Wales Valleys. Around 12% of the residents of Cardiff speak some Welsh, and all public signs in the city are in both Welsh and English. However, as elsewhere in Wales, English is universally understood. Cardiff's city centre is in the southern portion of the city just north of Cardiff Bay. It is traditionally centred at the castle, bounded to the north by the historic civic centre, large Bute park arboretum and university buildings, by the River Taff to the west, and by the Valleys and National rail lines to the east and south respectively. Growth is pushing the city centre beyond these boundaries, especially in regards to commercial office and residential provision. In particular, the area south of the original city centre towards and including Cardiff Bay has been almost completely redeveloped. Cardiff's history follows its castle, which has been occupied since the Romans created a fort on the river Taff over 2,000 years ago. The name 'Cardiff' may have come from 'Caer' = fort, on the 'Taff'.) The fort's original walls can still be seen highlighted around the base of Cardiff Castle's walls. In Medieval times the castle grew, and a small town spread from its south gate; the Medieval street pattern can still be seen around High Street. In the 15th century the town was destroyed by the last great Welsh prince, Owain Glyndwr. Successive owners fortified the castle and the town timidly grew until the Industrial Revolution, when the 2nd Marquess of Bute built the Glamorganshire Canal to transport coal from the Welsh valleys through Cardiff's docks. Combined with the later arrival of the railways, Cardiff's population exploded and the docks grew to become the largest coal exporting port in the world. At its peak, the price of the world's coal was determined at Cardiff's Coal Exchange and the first ever £1,000,000 cheque was written here in 1901 (equivalent to £124,000,000 in 2020). Cardiff was the third largest port of the British Empire, resulting in Edward VII granting Cardiff city status in 1905. With the rise of the city's fortunes, the Marquis of Bute transformed Cardiff castle into a fairytale gothic palace. He also donated land to build the civic centre which contains the City Hall, National Museum, university and government buildings, all built in elaborate neo-classical Baroque styles out of white Portland stone. The Marquis also commissioned the architect William Burges to design many public and residential buildings in a distinctive Gothic style - many are still visible in the city centre and the inner suburbs. Wales did not have a de jure capital until 1955, when Cardiff was chosen as the largest city. However, with the post-War decline of coal, the city's docks became increasingly abandoned, and in the 1990s the city's transformation began with the building of a barrage to stop the world's second largest tidal range from revealing dirty mud flats, and creating what is today Europe's largest waterfront regeneration project. The Bay today is a mixture of apartments, sport, leisure and culture and its success has also seen a rejuvenation of the city centre, where large scale pedestrianisation and the massive St David's redevelopment in 2009 have created a vibrant city, combining the best of the old, sitting close to modern architecture and amenities. As for the Castle, it was handed over to the people of Cardiff, and is now a major tourist, corporate and cultural attraction, an indication of where the city's future lies. Cardiff has a strong sporting and cultural presence given that it is the capital city, and therefore plays host to most Welsh sporting events, especially since the opening of the Millennium Stadium in the city centre. In fact one of the city's charms is when it plays host to matches, the city centre atmosphere can be extraordinary, being swelled by 75,000 attendees and thousands of revellers. Cardiff used to be quite a gritty city with the port and industry playing a huge role — Cardiff's ports were once among the most important in the world. Notable milestones were when Cardiff Bay (sometimes called Tiger Bay) was the first area of modern Britain to be thought of as a multicultural area given the huge part immigrants played in the city's ports. The area is still home to one of the oldest and largest expatriate Somali communities in the world. The world's first 'million pound' deal was also signed at the Bay's own Coal Exchange building. The city has moved away from its industrial past, however, and has been transformed by developments such as Cardiff Bay, which now hosts famous and striking landmarks such as the National Assembly for Wales and the spectacular Wales Millennium Centre. Massive investments have also been made throughout other parts of the city, such as the opening of the Millennium Stadium and massive Saint David's shopping centre. Cardiff is best to visit during late spring to early autumn as the warm weather adds to the city's pleasures and allows maximum experience of all the sites and areas of the city. Although the city usually benefits from mild weather all year round, like much of Wales it also receives substantial rainfall, especially in winter. The main airport is 51.396667-3.3433331 Cardiff Airport (CWL IATA). This is the only major airport in Wales and is situated some 12 miles to the south-west of the city adjacent to the town of Rhoose in the Vale of Glamorgan. The airport is served by a number of airlines including KLM, Qatar Airways, Ryanair, TUI Airways and Vueling. KLM provide worldwide links to Cardiff via Amsterdam Schiphol airport (AMS IATA). Domestic services operate daily to Anglesey, Belfast, Newcastle, Newquay, Jersey, Glasgow and Edinburgh. As for European routes, Amsterdam, Paris, Madrid, Dublin, and many other holiday routes such as Faro, Palma de Mallorca and Alicante, operate daily. Eastern Airways continues to fly. Increasingly, 51.382778-2.7191672 Bristol Airport (BRS IATA) is used as well by residents and visitors of Cardiff. Prices can be lower, and it can be easily reached by car or public transport. Wikivoyage has a guide to Rail travel in Great Britain 51.4755-3.1783 Cardiff Central railway station is a major hub for many services and is in an ideal location being very close to the main city centre attractions and is in close proximity to Cardiff Bay. Transport for Wales operate the vast majority of intra-Wales services with regular departures from Cardiff Central to the South Wales Valleys, Swansea, and a frequent service to North Wales. They also operate regularly to Manchester and Birmingham making Cardiff ideal to visit via rail. All inter-city travel is via Cardiff Central while 51.4819-3.17034 Cardiff Queen Street station near the eastern end of the city centre is the hub for Cardiff's Valley Lines services, connecting the centre of the city with the suburbs and commuter towns. Both stations are controlled by ticket barriers, so you will need a ticket to enter or leave the platforms. Ticket machines are in the entrance of the stations, and in Central station there are many maps that will help you plan your journey. Cardiff Central is two hours from London Paddington by train, however some may take longer with more stops. Trains depart half hourly during the day and are operated by Great Western Railway. These services also continue hourly to Swansea. Great Western Railway run a service from Cardiff to Portsmouth Harbour via Newport, Bristol, Bath and Southampton. Rail service provides quick and easy links to other interesting areas (such as the Vale of Glamorgan and West Wales), making Cardiff a pleasant and cheaper place to use as a home base while exploring the surrounding areas. The city has around 22 train stations within its boundaries, with travel to North Cardiff especially accessible, Tourist attractions such as Cardiff Bay, Castell Coch and Barry Island can be easily and cost effectively reached by train or bus. From London and the South East of England, Cardiff is most swiftly reached by taking the M4 motorway west across the Severn Bridge, which became toll-free in December 2018, and into Wales. Journey times from Central London to Cardiff are usually 3 hours, although visitors from Heathrow could shave up to an hour off this time. The M4 is also the main artery linking Cardiff with West Wales including Swansea, while the A470 road mainly links Cardiff with the South Wales Valleys, Mid Wales and North Wales. Travelling from North or Central England and Scotland the M50 links the M5 motorway with Wales and continues down to south Wales eventually linking with the M4. Cardiff's junctions are 29 - 34 inclusive. Within Cardiff, it is cheaper to find a train station and continue onto the city centre via train, as car parking within the city, although plentiful, can be expensive. Getting around the city by car is straightforward, even within the city centre, it is quite easy moving around; although, it's best to restrict entering the city centre area during off-peak times, as congestion can occur at rush hour like. The city centre is pretty compact and its much easier and cheaper to move around on foot or bike. When major events (in particular international rugby matches) take place at the Millennium Stadium, most streets in the city centre are closed to vehicles, and even getting around of foot can be slow due to large crowds See list of Cardiff City Council operated car parks. National Express operate regular services to and from most other major cities in Britain. Buses arrive and depart from Sophia Gardens, just north of the city centre, whilst the central bus station is being moved and reconstructed. In addition, MegaBus offer a regular and very cheap service to London and departs from near Cardiff Castle. Cardiff is about 3 hours, depending on traffic, from London. Cardiff, especially the central area, is pretty compact with the main attractions being quite close to each other making getting around on foot quite easy. Most sights are signposted to help you guide your way around the city centre and the bay. The city's flatness makes cycling fairly painless, especially around the Bay and City Centre (including Bute Park). The Taff Trail and Ely Trail provide mainly off-road paths through the city and beyond, although on days with good weather these paths can be almost inaccessible for cyclists due to inconsiderate pedestrians filling up the paths. Most parts of the city provide pleasant cycling, although some areas are more difficult due to heavy traffic or no-cycling pedestrianised roads (such as Queen Street). 'Nextbike' bike rental docks are common throughout the city centre and can be found further out as well. Bike hire, including for less abled individuals, is available from 'Pedal Power' in the Pontcanna Fields Campsite and from 'Cardiff Cycle Tours' at NosDa backpackers hostel. Cardiff Bus offer a comprehensive network of services across the city, to the nearby City of Newport and to destinations in the Vale of Glamorgan. Due to an ongoing relocation of the bus station, most buses are based in streets around the Central Station, most prominently on Westgate Street. Bus stops for specific destinations can be found on posters displayed at the Central Station. Fares are a straightforward £1.90 for any adult journey across the city, whereas £3.80 buys an all day 'Day to Go' pass to travel across the network (including Penarth, Dinas Powys, Llandough, Sully and Wenvoe) all. Another option is the 'Network Dayrider' ticket. This costs £7.00 for an adult ticket, but gives unlimited access to any bus travel in South East Wales. If you are sightseeing in Cardiff during the day and then going to Caerphilly and onto Newport, for example, this one ticket will cover all that travel. Cardiff Bus also operate a frequent 'Baycar' service between the city centre and Cardiff Bay, which makes it easy to get between the main attractions and is good value if you don't want to walk or take the train. This is covered by the regular fare system. Stagecoach in South Wales, Veolia Transport Cymru and First Cymru also offer regular routes in and around Cardiff and South East Wales. Open top sightseeing buses operate regularly during the summer season at a price of approximately £8.00/person. There are also park and ride sites based at County Hall and Crown Way, see National Park and Ride Directory It can be quite cost-effective, quick, and easy to visit areas with a local train station, such as Llandaff Cathedral or Penarth Pier as services leave from both Cardiff Central or Queen St stations so check on maps for train services, if you'd rather this than the bus. Cardiff Bay can also quickly be reached by a service from Queen St. The wider Cardiff metropolitan area (including Penarth, Taffs Well, Pontypridd and Dinas Powys) contains 26 stations, making train travel a viable alternative in many cases. Cardiff is not short of taxis. They can be flagged down on the street or booked in advance. Uber operates an extensive service in Cardiff, and many other local traditional taxi companies are also available: Capital, ☏ +44 29 2077-7777. Delta, ☏ +44 29 2020-2020. Celtic, ☏ +44 29 2045-2045. Dragon Metro, ☏ +44 29 2033-3333. Although a lot of taxis in the city centre are black, they have no set colour. Licensed taxis have a yellow plate on the rear bumper of the vehicle. Uber also operates in the Cardiff area For a different experience, the River Taff Waterbus runs regularly during the summer season between the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff Bay and Penarth. Tickets cost around £4 and are available to buy online. 51.4824-3.18371 Cardiff Castle (Welsh: Castell Caerdydd), ☏ +44 29 2087-8100, fax: +44 29 2023-1417. Castle St. Cardiff Castle is a large castle whose foundations are based upon a Roman fort. In the nineteenth century, it was the one of the homes of the Marquis of Bute. The Norman fort in the centre, the Welsh regimental museum and excavated Roman ruins are open, and tours of the Bute household are available. The Bute part of the castle is quite amazing. The interior was all done in the early 1900s in a very idiosyncratic and interesting style. There is barely an inch that is not adorned with some sort of artistic work. Yet, it is not overwhelming. The craftsmanship is well worth a look. Admission is £12 for adults, £9 for children and £10.50 for students and seniors. Admission with a tour is £15 for adults, £11 for children, and £13 for students and seniors. There are family group discounts. (updated Sep 2016) 51.478056-3.18252 The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm), Westgate Street, CF10 1NS, ☏ +44 844 847 1881, [email protected]. Also known as the Principality Stadium. A 74,200-seater stadium, opened for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, and now host to the Wales national rugby and football teams. It hosted the FA Cup Final for some years during the redevelopment of Wembley Stadium in London and is still the largest stadium in Europe with a completely retractable roof (good for those rainy days). A must see for any sport lover, tours are available online or at the ticket desk. Tours cost £12.50 for adults. (updated Sep 2016) 51.465039-3.1635333 The Wales Millennium Centre (Welsh: Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru), ☏ +44 29 2063 6464. An outstanding piece of modern architecture, opened in 2004 by the Queen, the futuristic Wales Millennium Centre is host to opera, dance and West End musicals throughout the year, making it a must see for those who like theatre. Entry is free throughout the year. While entrance to the theatre is charged, free live performances take place in the foyer every lunchtime at 13:00 and before shows in the evening. It hosts the exhibition about Cardiff Bay's development that used to be housed in 'The Tube'. 51.463901-3.1620824 The Welsh Parliament or Senedd Cymru. Cardiff Bay. The seat of Wales' national government and was opened on St David's Day, 1 March 2006 by the Queen. Visitors have a chance to see public debates from the viewing gallery or a free tour around the building, which is made out of purely Welsh materials, and was designed by star architect Richard Rogers to be eco-friendly and as open as possible. Entry is free though expect security checks on entrance. (updated Dec 2020) 51.4614-3.16195 The Norwegian Church, Cardiff Bay (next to the Assembly). It was established in Cardiff Bay to serve the large community of Norwegian sailors working in the docks. The main claim to fame of its original location is as the place where the author Roald Dahl was christened. Today it is a cafe and art gallery. 51.495833-3.2180566 Llandaff Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llandaf), ☏ +44 29 2056 4554, [email protected]. In the ancient 'city of Llandaff', now incorporated into the north west of the city, and is one of the oldest religious sites in Europe. The cathedral dates from 1107 and features some spectacular architecture. After bomb damage in World War II it was very boldly restored; the huge statue of Christ in Majesty by Jacob Epstein tends to divide opinion, but is well worth a look. The cathedral school was where the famed children's author Roald Dahl was educated in the early part of his primary school life. The surrounding village is an interesting place to explore with a local coal magnate's house (Insole Court) donated to the people of Cardiff and open for visitors. The Ghost Tour has really become the thing to do in the area, making it into the Guardian's top 10 list of things to do in the UK. 51.5354-3.25367 Castell Coch (meaning the 'Red Castle' in Welsh). A fairytale castle nestled on a hill overlooking the main gateway into the valleys from Cardiff in the outskirts of the city. Imaginatively reconstruted from ruins for the 3rd Marquis of Bute, its interiors follow the same elaborate designs as Cardiff castle except on a more intimate scale and would not look out of place in Germany. Adults £7.30. (updated Sep 2019) 51.48504-3.178578 City Hall. The domed roof of City Hall topped by a dragon is one of the landmarks of Cardiff city centre. Dating from the start of the 20th century, it is built of beautiful white Portland stone and surmounted by many statues. Inside, the marble hall is dominated by statues of Welsh heroes, the main hall has large bronze chandeliers and the main debating chamber sits under the dome. Open to visitors, events may prevent you from seeing all the rooms but a must-see. (updated Nov 2016) 51.4866-3.18049 Cathays Park. Pronounced "kut-AYS, it is the prominent civic centre, comprising expensive white Portland stone buildings in a range of classical styles, all surrounding the formal gardens of Alexandra Gardens whose centre contains national war memorial of Wales. (updated Nov 2016) 51.489-3.18910 Bute Park. More a collection of different parks that stretch continuously to the city's edge from the rear of the castle. Bute Park proper is an arboretum and former private grounds of the Bute family who owned the castle. (updated Nov 2016) 51.463526-3.16341211 Pierhead building (former headquarters of the railway and port authority), Cardiff Bay, CF99 1NA, ☏ +44 300 200 6565. Sits between the ultra modern Millennium centre and Senedd as a strong contrast and link to Cardiff's glorious past. Covered in dragons and heraldry used for permanent and temporary exhibitions about Cardiff's development, and that of the docks. (updated Nov 2016) 51.4675-3.248412 Caerau Castle Ringwork. A Norman ringwork castle within an older Iron Age hillfort (as at Caer Penrhos). Much of the site has been overgrown with vegetation. (updated Nov 2016) 51.465-3.16813 The Point. A church-turned-popular music venue in Cardiff Bay. The Point is situated in the old merchant's quarter of Mount Stuart Square. The square was named after Lord Mount Stuart, who represented Wales in Parliament during the Napoleonic period. The focal point of the square was St. Stephens, constructed around 1900, that would later be turned into The Point. (updated Nov 2016) 51.4869-3.272514 St Fagans National History Museum, ☏ +44 29 2057-3500. Free admission (£5 car park charge). Known universally as St Fagans (pronounced "FAG-uns"), after the village it's in, this was named the UK's favourite visitor attraction by Which? magazine in 2011, and is easily Wales's most popular. An open-air museum of buildings rebuilt, stone by stone, from all parts of Wales, built in the grounds of St Fagans Castle, an Elizabethan manor house which is also free to wander around. The Castle gardens, dating from the 19th century, are especially beautiful. You may not be able to see everything in a single visit due to the size of the grounds. Great for kids, the bus ride from/to central Cardiff is very pretty. (updated Sep 2019) 51.4858-3.177315 National Museum Cardiff, ☏ +44 29 2039-7951. Cathays Park. An excellent collection of paintings, archaeological finds and geological exhibits charting the history of Wales. The art collection is particularly noted for the collection of 19th-century French works assembled by Gwendoline and Margaret Davies, heiresses to a fortune made in exporting coal. This is of international importance and includes works by Rodin, Monet, Renoir and Van Gogh. Children love the dinosaurs and mammoths in the Evolution of Wales section. There is also archaeology from prehistory to the Middle Ages in the Origins section; there are daily volunteer-led tours of this and the art galleries. Buy parking vouchers here if needed. £6.50 charge for the museum car park. (updated Sep 2016) 51.4629-3.167716 Techniquest, ☏ +44 29 2047-5475. Cardiff Bay, (near the Millennium Centre), Over 160 science and technology exhibits to entertain the whole family. There is also a Science Theatre and tours of the Universe in the Planetarium. A good opportunity for adults to be big kids. Entry: £7.50 Adults, £6 children with concessions available for groups. (updated Sep 2016) 51.479753-3.17685117 The Cardiff Story, ☏ +44 29 2078-8334. The Hayes. This is the museum of Cardiff's history, located in the Old Library building, which it shares with the tourist information centre. Relax in Bute Park or in the grounds of the castle, for a break from the hustle of the city centre. Visit Cardiff Bay a truly cosmopolitan experience full of restaurants, bars and cafes. A good place for a 'passeggiata' on a Sunday afternoon. Boat rides in the Bay (permanently water-filled since the barrage was built), a few shops, and a children's playground at the far end (near the historic Norwegian church) along with beautiful views across to Penarth. Take a speed boat ride as it makes 360-degree turns in the water at 70 mph. Walk along the bay from Mermaid quay to the barrage (near Penarth) to see for yourself how the water comes into the harbour from the sea. It is a 2 km walk with the harbour on one side of the path and the sea on the other. If you don't feel like walking you can hire a bicycle (you will come across the rental company on the way) or take a ride on the road train. At near-by Penarth, cruise the Bristol channel during summer months to the likes of North Devon, Gower Peninsula and even occasionally Pembrokeshire on the paddle steamers Balmoral and Waverly. Penarth to Ilfracombe is particularly spectacular, taking in the massive cliffs of North Devon. Next to Cardiff Airport, Barry is a port-town, which has a theme park, casino and heritage railway. With the closure of the docks, it has attracted more attention thanks to a beautiful beach and a popular BBC series, called Gavin & Stacey. The amusement park on Barry Island contains several funrides. Go on the Taff Trail, some of the sights close to the city centre are breathtaking and the tranquility offers a great contrast to the busy city centre. Go to the Brecon Beacons. 40 minutes drive from Cardiff, this Welsh National Park is a scenic retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city, offering activities such as climbing, paragliding, sailing and many more. Go for a pint of Cardiff-made Brains beer in one of the city centre pubs on a match day at the Millennium Stadium. Canyoning Wales, Cardiff (Via A470), ☏ +44 845 0573588. 9AM-9PM. Blue Ocean Activities & Adventure offer fantastic trips around Wales, whether up the mountains canyoning or gorge walking. Blue Ocean Adventure offer full safety gear, training and support. 51.479-3.18571 Cardiff Cycle Tours, NosDa backpackers Hostel (Opposite the Wales Millennium Stadium in the centre of Cardiff. ), ☏ +44 7500 564389, [email protected]. 8:30AM to 6:30PM. Bike hire and guided tours available. From £10 for bike rental. Watch International Rugby at Millennium Stadium, in city centre. Wales play several internationals here each year. The most keenly followed are the Six Nations series against England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy in February and March each year: these sell out well in advance. Cardiff Rugby (formerly Cardiff Blues) play club rugby union at Cardiff Arms Park. They play in the United Rugby Championship (formerly Pro14), the predominantly Celtic professional super-league. Football: Cardiff City play soccer in the Championship, the game's second tier. Their stadium is a mile west of city centre, near Ninian Park railway station. Cricket: Glamorgan County Cricket Club play in Division Two of the County Championship. Their stadium Sophia Gardens also frequently hosts international matches; it's in the park half a mile north of the castle. Ice Hockey: Cardiff Devils play in Elite Ice Hockey League, the game's top tier. Their home rink is Ice Arena Wales. Cardiff's festivals are increasingly contributing to its development as a major tourist attraction. As most of them are concentrated in the summer months, it is ideal to visit then to make sure that you experience all the attractions and the festivals as an added bonus. Unlike Edinburgh, Cardiff is still pretty cost effective during the summer months so its ideal for those who don't want to go all out! Cardiff Children's Festival, held in the grounds of Cardiff Castle each year, and hosts a number of events, exhibitions and play areas for children. Entry is usually free. Cardiff Mela, annual event usually held in Roald Dahl Plas, Cardiff Bay. St David's Day Parade, a parade held on St David's Day the patron saint of Wales (March 1), every year. Something different so it's worth a look. The Welsh Proms, series of classical concerts takes place at St David's Hall each July. The festival now includes 'Fringe' events, with genres of music from jazz and country to chamber music, folk and jazz. Pride Cymru's Big Weekend is held late summer, various locations. Late Aug. Winter Wonderland, in Dec-Jan sees an outdoor ice-rink and funfair set up in front of City Hall, open early 'til late to the public. Cardiff Singer of the World competition, St David's Hall. Held every two years. Cardiff has some of the best theatre and cinema in Wales and even across the UK, covering huge range including mainstream films, foreign and theatre. 51.4837-3.175532 New Theatre (Theatr Newydd). West End shows. (updated Dec 2017) 51.4879-3.176583 Sherman Theatre. Independent theatre. (updated Dec 2017) 51.4831-3.203584 Chapter Arts Centre. Canton. Arthouse and alternative cinema. (updated Dec 2017) 51.466909-3.1635775 Odeon, Hemingway Rd, Cardiff Bay, CF10 4JY. Mainstream multiplex cinema. (updated Dec 2017) 51.47704-3.1816156 Vue, Stadium Plaza, Wood St, CF10 1LA (inside Millennium Plaza and next to Millennium Stadium), ☏ +44 345 308 4620. (updated Dec 2017) 51.478858-3.1729277 Cineworld, Mary Ann St, CF10 2EN, ☏ +44 871 200 2000. Mainstream multiplex cinema, across the road from Motorpoint Arena Cardiff. (updated Dec 2017) Cardiff has a great number of show and gig venues throughout the city; check with Shows in Cardiff. 51.4778-3.17158 Motorpoint Arena Cardiff. Host to major bands and artists throughout the year. (updated Dec 2017) 51.478056-3.18259 Millennium Stadium. Look out for events at the Millennium Stadium too. (updated Dec 2017) More 'sedate' concerts are frequently held at St Davids Hall and The Welsh Millennium Centre. 51.4803-3.1766710 St. David's Hall (Neuadd Dewi Sant), The Hayes, CF10 1AH (city centre), ☏ +44 29 2087 8444 (Box Office), +44 29 2087 8500 (Admin). Symphony hall used for orchestral concerts, recitals and other live music and comedy, host the Cardiff singer of the world competition, the world's premier singing competition. (updated Dec 2017) 51.465039-3.16353311 Wales Millennium Centre (Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru), Bute Pl, Cardiff Bay, CF10 5AL. Opera and ballet, West End shows and musicals. The building is rather unique and recognisable due to its large inscription reading "in these stones horizons sing". (updated Dec 2017) Smaller gigs can be seen at many venues across the city including Callaghans, Clwb Ifor Bach, Cardiff Students Union, and Buffalo Bar. Nicknamed the City of Arcades, Cardiff is great place for shopping in style and the Victorian arcades are worth a visit in themselves. They have lots of little shops, food markets, etc. Up-market home stores include Banana Custard (for kids). Queen St, St Marys Street and The Hayes are the major pedestrianised shopping streets which all branch off the castle, so it is easy to walk from shop to shop without fear of traffic. Queen street has most of the usual lineup of Marks and Spencer, Top Shop and River Island. The Hayes has been refurbished along with the massive St Davids shopping centre that has drawn in a few big names such as Hugo Boss and the biggest John Lewis outside of London. St Marys street, the original shopping street of Cardiff has gradually declined, firstly after Queen Street was pedestrianised when the street saw a shift towards restaurants, bars and clubs, and then during the councils year long trial of closing the street to traffic. St Marys street is now pedestrianised for most of its length, with work still ongoing but it's worth a look as most of the city's grandest buildings are along its length with the large and oldest department store in Wales (Howells by House of Frasier), imposing entrance to the Central Market and elaborate entrances to the arcades particular high points. 51.479-3.1751 The Hayes. This area in the southern city centre underwent a massive transformation in the 2010s, which included the construction of the £675-million St Davids shopping centre extension, and the largest John Lewis department store outside of London. A new public library was built at the opposite end of the street to the original library, which is now a museum about Cardiff known as the 'Old Library'. Here modern architecture contrasts beautifully with the historic shops and arcades on the opposite side of the street, which has quickly become the cities higher end of the market shopping street. (updated Apr 2020) The Central Market is a must for anyone looking for a find whether it be arts, crafts, food, souvenirs or even pets. Queen Street, St. Mary's Street and The Hayes are the main shopping streets in Cardiff city centre. Queen Street houses the likes of Marks and Spencer, Boots and many other stores with entrances to the modern St Davids and Queens Arcade shopping centres, which also have entrances on the Hayes. Combine the old St Davids shopping centre, larger modern extension, John Lewis and Queens arcade and they make up one of the largest indoor shopping centres in the UK. St. Marys Street is home to a large 'Howells' or House of Fraser store, numerous arcades that house one-off shops with many of the arcades having entrances on the Hayes. There are many tourist-oriented shops in front of the Castle and inside the Arcades so have a look around where you can find many Welsh souvenirs and gifts there. Fish from Ashton's stall in the atmospheric indoor market, off the Hayes, Church Street or St Mary St. Cheese from Madame Fromage in the Castle Arcade. Music from Spillers Records, the oldest record shop in the world, is in the Morgan Arcade. In addition to selling music, it is the city's main location for buying tickets for alternative music concerts. Spillers was founded in 1894 by Henry Spiller at its original location in Queen’s Arcade. It can be very difficult to book a table in the better restaurants on a Friday or Saturday evening. As a rule of thumb Mermaid Quay and the city centre are jam packed full with a varied contrast of eateries allowing you to experience many different tastes within a small area. In the centre see Cafe Minuet (Marcello's) in Castle Arcade, The Potted Pig [dead link] on High Street. In Riverside try Madhav's for unusual vegetarian Indian food. In the Bay avoid all the chains at Mermaid Quay and look at Mr G's Soul Kitchen for Caribbean. In Canton try La Cuina (Catalan food) on Kings Road. Head to City Road for a massive variety of world cuisines. There are lots of small eateries with reasonable, plentiful and quite tasty takes on the Full English breakfast, sandwiches, fish and chips, etc. Also, there is the Brewery Quarter, which contains a few well known and different restaurants. Vegetarians and vegans should head to Crumbs in Morgan Arcade for a great range of veggie and vegan food. 51.477625-3.1777741 The Prince of Wales, 81–83 St Mary Street, CF10 1FA, ☏ +44 29 2064 4449. A great city centre location offering great food all day at some good prices considering its very central location. This is a typical Wetherspoon pub. However less central Wetherspoons outlets are cheaper. (updated Nov 2016) 51.481286-3.1794462 Garland's Eatery and Coffee House, 4 Duke St, CF10 1AZ, ☏ +44 29 2066-6914. Arcade. This nice little restaurant has good prices for authentic Welsh fare and other sandwiches and cheap eats. Greazy Vegan, 47-49 Castle Arcade. 100% vegan burger joint offering vegan takes on classic junk food. (updated Aug 2020) Also there are small cafes in the Indoor Market offering typical cafe food from toast to full roast dinners. prices typically range from 50p to £4. good deal for a quick fix. ffresh, Bute Pl (Cardiff Bay), ☏ +44 29 2063-6465. Restaurant and bar serves great locally sourced food, stylish surroundings offering a range of drinks. Cibo Italian Café, 83 Pontcanna Street (at the non-city-centre end of Cathedral Road), ☏ +44 29 2023-2226. Great little café-restaurant with superb food. Can get busy, booking strongly recommended. Expect to spend about £8-12 for a main course. Ichiban, 201 Cowbridge Rd E, ☏ +44 29 2066-8833. This is a wonderful Japanese restaurant offering excellent value noodle, curry and sushi dishes. There is one on Cowbridge Road, Canton and another on Albany Road, Roath. Both are a short bus or taxi ride from the city centre, or a 20-30 minute walk. Tenkaichi, 236 City Rd, ☏ +44 78 3142-1199. Tenkaichi offers authentic Japanese food with a British flare. It is a great restaurant if you want fresh noodles and sushi. It also provides an extensive wine list. Mina, 43 Crwys Road, ☏ +44 7763 491937. Highly-regarded and very good-value Lebanese restaurant in the Cathays area; small, family-run and very friendly. Can get busy, especially at weekends: booking recommended. About 25 minutes' walk from city centre, or take Cardiff Bus number 38 or 39, which stop outside the door. The Goat Major, 33 High Street, ☏ +44 29 2033-7161. This pub has some very good bar style food in an authentic Welsh atmosphere. Try the Welsh faggots (a type of meat ball) in peppercorn gravy. Red Hot World Buffet, 3-6 Hills Street, St David's Dewi Sant, ☏ +44 29 2034 2499. All-you-can-eat buffet restaurant serving food from all around the world. 51.48201-3.1689473 [dead link] The Clink Cymru, HMP Cardiff, Knox Rd, ☏ +44 29 2092 3130. Run by prison inmates. (updated May 2017) Giovanni's, 38 The Hayes, ☏ +44 29 20220077, [email protected]. Very long-established and popular Italian restaurant. Two in the city centre (The Hayes and Park Place) and another in Cardiff Bay. (updated Aug 2020) Chai Street, 15 High Street. Modern, casual Indian restaurant in the city centre specialising in a range of thalis as well as curry bowls and offering a good selection of draught lagers. (updated Aug 2020) Cafe Citta, 4 Church Street, ☏ +44 29 2022 4040. Cosy authentic Italian restaurant in the heart of the city centre. (updated Aug 2020) Riverside Cantonese, Leckwith Road, Riverside (next to Ninian Park railway station), ☏ +44 29 2037 2163, [email protected]. (updated Aug 2020) Vegetarian Food Studio, 115-117 Penarth Road, Grangetown, ☏ +44 29 2023 8222, [email protected]. Indian restaurant with an entirely vegetarian and vegan menu. Bring your own drink. (updated Aug 2020) Tŷ Madeira, 32 St Mary Street, ☏ +44 29 2022 4477, [email protected]. Authentic Portuguese restaurant offering a variety of meat and fish dishes. (updated Aug 2020) Santiago's Tapas, 3 Church St, ☏ +44 29 2022 6666. Good quality Spanish tapas restaurant. (updated Aug 2020) The Real Italian Pizza Company, 22-23 Trinity Street, ☏ +44 29 2023 5963. Good choice for authentic Italian pizza in the city centre. (updated Aug 2020) Spice Quarter, Unit 8b, 1st Floor, Brewery Quarter, ☏ +44 29 2022 0075, [email protected]. Upmarket modern Indian restaurant tucked away in the Brewery Quarter. (updated Aug 2020) Bangkok Cafe, 207 Cowbridge Road East, Canton (in Canton - follow Castle Street across the river then diverge right onto Cowbridge Road East), ☏ +44 29 2034 0455. Thai restaurant offering a selection of stir fries, curries and noodle dishes and a reasonable vegan menu. (updated Aug 2020) Zi's Cafe, 96 Woodville Road, Cathays (in Cathays north of the city centre), ☏ +44 29 2115 3651. Excellent quality casual Chinese restaurant offering eat-in as well as takeaway with a good vegetarian selection. Try the sea spiced aubergine. (updated Aug 2020) Mia Porto Due, The Old Brewery Quarter, ☏ +44 29 2022 7147, [email protected]. Restaurant offering a range of different Portuguese and Italian dishes. Fish and seafood lovers should try the Portuguese seafood stew. (updated Aug 2020) Pasture, opened in 2021, is a steak restaurant on High St. It's open M-Th 12-3PM, 5-9:30PM, F Sa noon-11PM, Su noon-7PM. Thomas, opened in 2021, is at 3 Pontcanna St west of Bute Park. It's trad Welsh fare W-Sa noon-midnight, Su noon-6PM. Castell Restaurant, The Angel Hotel, Castle St, ☏ +44 29 2064-9200. Amazing views of the castle grounds, and serves traditional Welsh cuisine. Also caters for private parties. Tempus Restaurant, ☏ +44 29 2045-4045. The luxury restaurant at the St David Hotel and Spa. Amazing views all around Cardiff Bay, and serves a traditional freshly caught seafood. With drinks expect to pay between £40-60 per person. Park House Restaurant and Wine Bar, 20 Park Place, ☏ +44 29 2022 4343, [email protected]. Upmarket fine dining restaurant with an extensive wine list. (updated Aug 2020) The Ivy Cardiff, ☏ +44 29 2233 8940. Cardiff branch of the famous Ivy restaurant of London. (updated Aug 2020) City Canteen & Bar, 1-2 Mount Stuart Square, ☏ +44 29 2033-1020. City Canteen & Bar is a trendy bar. You can order a light lunch from the bar menu whilst listening to local DJs play music. Wally's Delicatessen & Kaffeehaus, 38-46 Royal Arcade, ☏ +44 29 2022 9265, [email protected]. Delicatessen downstairs and Viennese-style cafe upstairs offering table service breakfasts and lunches with a wide selection of Viennese coffee styles available. Can get busy at weekends. (updated Aug 2020) Nata & Co, 3 Castle St, ☏ +44 29 2034 2200. Popular local Portuguese bakery offering a wide selection of traditional Portuguese cakes and pastries and coffee for eating in or takeaway. Has a shop opposite the castle, another at the other end of Queen Street, another on Bute Street in Cardiff Bay and another on Clifton Street in Adamsdown. Try the Pastel de Nata for an authentic Portuguese treat and also order a cappuccino for the correct, smaller original version, not the giant mug of milk you get in most coffee chains!. (updated Aug 2020) Waterloo Tea, Wyndham Arcade, ☏ +44 29 2037 6249. Relaxed tearooms with a huge selection of different loose leaf teas. Cafes in Wyndham Arcade in the city centre and several others elsewhere across Cardiff and Penarth. (updated Aug 2020) La Belle Epoque Coffee & Wine, 146 Clifton Street (Follow Newport Road east of Queen St then turn right down Broadway). Polish coffee shop and cafe bar located in the Adamsdown area offering lunches, beer, wine and a selection of cakes and puddings. (updated Aug 2021) Cardiff is one of top nights out in Britain having the most pubs per square foot than anywhere else in Britain it has many late night pubs, bars, clubs and restaurants. In the city centre, St Mary street, Greyfriars road and Mill Lane are especially lively and offer a variety of establishments to suit all tastes. Mermaid Quay is a lively, albeit smaller option to spend a warm summer night. Cardiff is a place to drink, favoured by stag and hen parties from all over the UK. St Mary St contains many pubs and shops and becomes wild and exciting on Friday and Saturday nights. There are numerous clubs only a block short walk from Central Station that are bumping into the wee hours. An extensive venue and events list, including gigs and live bands can be found at What's on in Cardiff guide. For a quieter drink, seek out: 51.478972-3.1781941 Cardiff Cottage, St. Mary's St, CF10 1AA, ☏ +44 29 2033-7195. (except weekends and matchdays). The Old Arcade, 14 Church St, ☏ +44 29 2021-7999. Drinks in these venues, and other traditional pubs may vary from around £1.50-3.50 for a beer. Zero Degrees, 27 Westgate St, ☏ +44 29 2022-9494. Microbrewery has a utilitarian feel but fantastic beer brewed onsite, TVs with sport and excellent pizzas. A Shot in the Dark, 12 City Rd, ☏ +44 29 2047-2300. Somewhere between a dimly lit bar and a chilled-out café, Has a certain joie de vivre in its unique atmosphere. Pen & Wig, 1 Park Grove (northern edge of the city centre), ☏ +44 29 2037 1217, [email protected]. Pleasant traditional pub with beer garden at the northern edge of the city centre, offering a wide choice of draught real ales. (updated Aug 2020) Fly By Night, 11 High Street. Upmarket wine bar serving a decent selection of wines by the glass or bottle. (updated Aug 2020) Gin and Juice, 2-6 Castle Arcade, High St, ☏ +44 29 2022 1556. Gin bar offering a wide choice for all palates. (updated Aug 2020) The Head of Steam, ☏ +44 2037 2582, [email protected]. Modern pub offering an extremely large selection of draught real ales and craft beers. (updated Aug 2020) Prego Italian Wine Bar, 23 High Street, ☏ +44 29 2132 1231, [email protected]. Casual Italian-style cafe-bar offering a range of Sclavia and other wines, lager and coffees as well as a small selection of food such as paninis and pizzas. (updated Aug 2020) Tiny Rebel Cardiff, 25 Westgate Street. The Cardiff taproom of the award-winning local Tiny Rebel brewery. (updated Aug 2020) It can be very difficult to find rooms available or within a sensible price when the Millennium Stadium is hosting events, especially when Wales play in rugby or football, so plan around the dates or plan early as it will be much cheaper. Cardiff Caravan Park, Pontcanna Fields (on the opposite bank of the Taff from Bute Park), ☏ +44 29 2039-8362, fax: +44 29 2039-8362. Central camp site . Bike hire on site, also very limited family room, but wide choice of food & drink within walking distance. Wedal Road Youth Hostel, 2 Wedal Road, ☏ +44 845 371-9311. Roath Park: for £19 (adult without YHA membership), it's the cheapest place to stay and really quite funky (for a Youth Hostel): no curfew, modern, clean, friendly personnel, and a sumptuous breakfast is included; it's about a 20-minute walk from the city centre, or 10 minutes by bus. The River House Backpackers, 59 Fitzhamon Embankment, Riverside (just opposite Millenium Stadium), ☏ +44 29 2039-9810. Excellent boutique hostel. The dorms are neat and simple, bathrooms are nice and always kept clean. There is a common kitchen and eating area, as well as a TV and reading room. Free breakfast and wifi internet is included. The atmosphere is social but not too rowdy. Very hospitable owners and staff. Dorm beds around £18 per night. There are three other hostels in the city including Nos Da, Cardiff Backpackers and Nomad. Cardiff Marriott Hotel, Mill Ln (within a block of the train station, right across from at least ten clubs), ☏ +44 29 2039-9944. It has reasonably comfortable rooms (not yet with the Marriott upgraded beds). They have high speed internet connections in the rooms, but the fee is £15/day for the service. The staff is friendly and helpful. Also, they have a small multi-storey car park for the hotels guest. Park Inn Hotel Cardiff, Mary Ann St, ☏ +44 29 2034-1441. Comfortable hotel in the city centre. Express By Holiday Inn Cardiff Bay, Longuiel Close, ☏ +44 29 2044-9000. Clean hotel in Cardiff Bay, 15-min walk from the centre. Holiday Inn Cardiff Central, Castle St, ☏ +44 870 400-8140. Minutes from most attractions in the city centre. Lincoln House Hotel, Cathedral Rd, ☏ +44 29 2039-5558. Traditional converted townhouse on the outskirts of Cardiff city centre. 51.479878-3.1860621 Austins Guesthouse - Cardiff, 11 Coldstream Terrace, ☏ +44 29 2037-7148, [email protected]. Small friendly B&B in the city centre, 300 yards from the Castle and overlooking the River Taff. The Angel, The Angel Hotel1S2, ☏ +44 29 2064-9200. (updated Jul 2015) 51.55-3.2142 New House Country Hotel, Thornhill CF14 9UA, ☏ +44 2920 520280. Comfy hotel in Georgian manor in hills above Cardiff, dog-friendly. (updated Jun 2020) Hotel Indigo, Dominions Arcade CF10 2AR, ☏ +44 8719 429104. Stylish city centre hotel, part of IHG group, no dogs. (updated Jun 2020) Cardiff Hilton, 1 Kingsway, ☏ +44 29 2064-6300. This is the place for more upmarket stays. Situated right in front of the castle and offers nice views of the civic centre. 51.461663-3.1682373 St. David's Hotel and Spa (The St. David's Hotel & Spa), Havannah Street, ☏ +44 29 2045-4045, [email protected]. A really great stay for those who want that little bit extra. Fronting the bay it offers spectacular scenery and is little more than 5 minutes away from the cosmopolitan bay area. Built and operated by the Rocco Forte Group, it was sold in 2006 to the Principal Hayley Group. Rooms from £99. Park Inn by Radisson Cardiff City Centre, Mary Ann Street, ☏ +44 2920 341 441. Convenient and comfortable hotel next to the Motorpoint Arena and St. David's Shopping Complex. Radisson Blu Hote, Meridian Gate, Bute Terrace CF10 2FL, ☏ +44 29 2045-4777, [email protected]. Gelynis Farm B&B, Morganstown (5 miles north of Cardiff center), ☏ +44 29 2084-4440, [email protected]. 4-star farm and guest house. £45-75 per room, per night. Cardiff is home to around 30,000 students studying in various colleges and universities across the city. Cardiff University. Wales' highest ranked university, and in top 5 in the UK for most research disciplines. Cardiff Metropolitan University. University of South Wales. Wales' second largest university has a large new campus in Cardiff city centre focusing on the media, broadcasting and the creative industries. Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. Focusing on music and drama. United World College of the Atlantic. The Western Mail, based in Cardiff, and distributed throughout Wales. South Wales Echo is the newspaper from and for Cardiff. Capital FM The main local radio station for Cardiff and surrounding areas, providing listeners with up-to-date news, local information, as well as chart and contemporary music. Based in the Red Dragon Centre. Nation Radio 106.8 & 107.3 FM. Local Rock radio station, with news and weather a nice refreshing change from the main stream stations. Gold. Aims at an older audience than Red Dragon FM and also covers the same area. ITV Wales News. Broadcast from Cardiff Bay. What's on in Cardiff?. Online blog style magazine focusing on music and current events within the city centre. Cardiff is quite a safe city, and certainly safer than most other major cities in the UK, with the centre having less
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Embedded Systems Real mode and protected mode are two operating modes of the Intel x86 processor. However, there are certain other modes as well. V86 (Virtual 86 mode) This is the mode in which DOS applications run on Windows machine. This was done mainly to maintain compatibility with older DOS applications. SMM (System Management Mode) This mode was introduced, as the name suggests, for managing the system transparently without applications or OS getting the hint of it. Its primarily meant to be used by the BIOS code. Big Real Mode Now this mode is more like Real mode, but in this we can access full 4Gb address space of the 32-bit processor. However in this page, we will be focussing mainly on Real mode and Protected mode only. This is the only mode which was supported by the 8086 (the very first processor of the x86 series). The 8086 had 20 address lines, so it was capable of addressing "2 raised to the power 20" i.e. 1 MB of memory. This is the mode used most commonly by modern 32-bit operating systems. For instructions to enter protected mode, see: X86 Assembly/Protected Mode.
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The IP accounting features of the Linux kernel allow you to collect and analyze some network usage data. The data collected comprises the number of packets and the number of bytes accumulated since the figures were last reset. You may specify a variety of rules to categorize the figures to suit whatever purpose you may have. This option has been removed in kernel 2.1.102, because the old ipfwadm- based firewalling was replaced by ``ipfwchains. Kernel Compile Options: Networking options ---> [*] IP: accounting After you have compiled and installed the kernel you need to use the ipfwadm command to configure IP accounting. There are many different ways of breaking down the accounting information that you might choose. I've picked a simple example of what might be useful to use, you should read the ipfwadm man page for more information. Scenario: You have an ethernet network that is linked to the internet via a PPP link. On the ethernet you have a machine that offers a number of services and that you are interested in knowing how much traffic is generated by each of ftp and World Wide Web traffic, as well as total tcp and udp traffic. You might use a command set that looks like the following, which is shown as a shell script: #!/bin/sh # # Flush the accounting rules ipfwadm -A -f # # Set shortcuts localnet=44.136.8.96/29 any=0/0 # Add rules for local ethernet segment ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $localnet ftp-data ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $localnet ftp-data ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $localnet www ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $localnet www ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $localnet ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $localnet ipfwadm -A in -a -P udp -D $localnet ipfwadm -A out -a -P udp -S $localnet # # Rules for default ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $any ftp-data ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $any ftp-data ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $any www ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $any www ipfwadm -A in -a -P tcp -D $any ipfwadm -A out -a -P tcp -S $any ipfwadm -A in -a -P udp -D $any ipfwadm -A out -a -P udp -S $any # # List the rules ipfwadm -A -l -n # The names ``ftp-data and ``www refer to lines in /etc/services. The last command lists each of the Accounting rules and displays the collected totals. An important point to note when analyzing IP accounting is that totals for all rules that match will be incremented so that to obtain differential figures you need to perform appropriate maths. For example, if I wanted to know how much data was not ftp nor www I would substract the individual totals from the rule that matches all ports. root# ipfwadm -A -l -n IP accounting rules pkts bytes dir prot source destination ports 0 0 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 44.136.8.96/29 * -> 20 0 0 out tcp 44.136.8.96/29 0.0.0.0/0 20 -> * 10 1166 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 44.136.8.96/29 * -> 80 10 572 out tcp 44.136.8.96/29 0.0.0.0/0 80 -> * 252 10943 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 44.136.8.96/29 * -> * 231 18831 out tcp 44.136.8.96/29 0.0.0.0/0 * -> * 0 0 in udp 0.0.0.0/0 44.136.8.96/29 * -> * 0 0 out udp 44.136.8.96/29 0.0.0.0/0 * -> * 0 0 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> 20 0 0 out tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 20 -> * 10 1166 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> 80 10 572 out tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 80 -> * 253 10983 in tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> * 231 18831 out tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> * 0 0 in udp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> * 0 0 out udp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> *
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James Roddy is a 32 year old personal trainer. One evening, after feeling unusually tired he went to bed early. The next morning when he tried to get up he couldn't. His wife, Rebecca, called an ambulance after being rushed to hospital, James was diagnosed with an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in the form of a stroke. James' case will help you to analyse patient information and determine the likely site of brain injury and describe the functional implications associated with different areas of the brain. You will be able to modify a standard vision consultation to facilitate assessment of a brain injured patient and discuss strategies that might assist visual processing for patients with brain injury. Describe the functional implications of James' stroke and how you can assess him and assist him? Task 1 ABI refers to any brain damage that occurs after birth, including damage caused by infection, disease, lack of oxygen or a blow to the head. Two thirds of all people with an ABI who have their activity limited or restricted are over the age of 45. One third of those are over the age of 65 and the largest age group is between 40 and 49. However it can affect people of working age, teenagers and even children. Start by familiarising yourself with the concept of ABI. Visit The Better Health Channel Acquired Brain Injury page. Watch the lectorial Introduction to Brain Function. You can find the accompanying Power Points here. Task 2 Upon admission to hospital, James had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 10 (E4 V3 M3). Find out by watching the Student's guide to the Glasgow Coma Scale Task 3 James has been at a rehabilitation centre for 4 weeks. This is particularly hard on his family as he was the sole provider for his wife, Rebecca, and their 18 month old baby, Amy. James has been very angry since the stroke. He was previously a very active and sporty person. He was also building up his personal training business and attracting more clients. His anger has been upsetting Rebecca and she is not looking forward to James returning to the family home in a couple of weeks. You receive a referral letter from the Occupational Therapist at the rehabilitation centre to see James before he returns home. Please read the contents of the letter and highlight the issues James is having, as reported by the Occupational Therapist. Questions - task 3: Describe the likely psycho-social impact the stroke has had on James (and his family) at this stage in his life. Consider what you know about James so far in order to determine the likely lesion site of his stroke. Orthoptist's role in ABI assessment and advice Low Vision orthoptic assessment of a patient with ABI is very similar to any other patient assessment but there are some other aspects to consider: Use the medical history to identify the likely lesion site & therefore the possible impairment Perform the assessment in a quiet and comfortable surrounding for the patient Use simple instructions and where appropriate, yes/no questions Be prepared to repeat your instruction in a different way if the patient didn't understand you Reassure the patient - don't shout(!) Consider the person as a "whole" not just a pair of eyes Look for functional solutions, be creative, adapt conventional tests and treatments The orthoptist's role includes assisting the patient to adapt to their impairment. First you should perform a thorough examination to determine visual function. This includes visual acuity and contrast testing (particular affected in parietal lesions), visual field assessment (eg: optic neuropathy is common in closed head injury, hemianopia is common in occipital lesions) and also consider issues such as neglect. A small proportion of head injuries also result in ocular motility defects, so don't forget your cover test, ocular movements, convergence etc. Task 4 Watch this Vision Rehabilitation for patients with Acquired Brain Injury playlist which will give you an understanding of potential rehabilitation strategies. Read the article by: Koons P, Johnson S, Kingston J & Goodrich GL. Scanning training in neurological vision loss: case studies. Eye and Brain. 2010. This is an open access article. The link takes you to a web-page where you can download the PDF. Once you have read the article, answer the following questions: According to Koons et. al. why does hemianopia go undetected in brain injured patients? What reasons to the authors give for lack of acceptance of a single rehabilitation strategy for patients with acquired brain injury? Summarise the underlying principle for rehabilitation using prisms, vision restoration therapy (VRT) and scanning therapy (ST). Consider the case study about AS a 22 year old female. What injuries to her brain did she sustain as a result of her accident? Does AS have any significant past ocular history? Do you think this will affect the rehabilitation program designed for her? Explain. What does AS want to achieve from rehabilitation? How do you think her cognitive and functional problems will impact on her achieving this goal? For how long did AS receive rehabilitation? What positive functional gains did she make post rehabilitation? Do you think as a result of rehabilitation that she was able to meet her original goal? Explain. Task 5 Case studies. For each case consider the signs and symptoms and try to determine where the brain injury might have occurred. What might you as an Orthoptist do to assist in each case? Deeper discussion of these cases will take place face to face in week 8 of semester. Case 1 A 30 year old following an MCA in which he sustained head injuries. There are no obvious signs of brain damage. His wife complains he is not able to do even simple tasks such as making a cup of coffee. He becomes obsessed with a single idea and will not move onto other things. You notice he does not initiate interaction - and seems “ flat” in his communication. It is difficult to get him to concentrate on the testing procedures. Case 2 Brian a 45 year old businessman suffered a CVA 12/ 12 ago. No detectable loss of VA however he is unable to identify simple objects placed in front of him such as a cup. You ask Brian to do some written tasks and he cannot write words, he has difficulty drawing and fails your eye/ hand coordination tasks. You also notice he has difficulty maintaining visual attention. He has right quadrantanopia. He complains he can no longer read and whilst he used to be good at math he now has a lot of trouble doing the accounts for his company. Case 3 You are asked to assess Janine, an intelligent 12 year old who was hit by a motor car some 6/ 12 ago. M says Janine often bumps into things and her class teacher notices she has great difficulty reading and writing, she has difficulty finding objects in pictures and often says the wrong word when reading aloud or does not recognise a word she had previously known. Janine confides in you that she is quite scared because she sometimes sees things that are not really there. She has an homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. Case 4 Joe is a 19 year old apprentice who has been involved in a fight. He was hit across the head with an iron bar. Now he persists in talking a lot and never remembers anything the guys tell him. He seems to have become even more aggressive. He cannot recognise faces and has difficulty concentrating when he meets with his mates at the pub or at the footy. He has a right homonymous hemianopia. Case 5 You are asked to assess a young girl in a SDS Kylie is a quiet young girl who has constant tremors and dizziness. She is in a wheelchair. You notice she is unable to touch objects when you ask her to and has great difficulty using the matching card when doing the vision test. You used the matching card because her speech is quite slurred and you thought it would be easier. You also note she has nystagmus. The Guide Dogs ABI referral service also has a lot of useful information.
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Placer County is in California. From the Lake Tahoe and the Gold Country in the west, this county extends east across the Sierra Nevada mountains. The following Placer County cities are in the Gold Country: 38.8967-121.07691 Auburn - Auburn was established as a mining camp in 1849, and its rapid growth led to it becoming the county seat of Placer County just two years later in 1851. Today travelers can visit the historic downtown, including the Placer County Courthouse which now houses a museum. Outside of town, the Hidden Falls Regional Park boasts over 30 miles (48 km) of multi-use trails, and the Auburn State Recreation Area provides boating and hiking along 40 miles (64 km) of the North and Middle Forks of the American river. Other area trails host a variety of extreme endurance challenges each year, including the 100 mi (160 km) Western States Endurance Run. 38.7908-121.23582 Rocklin 38.7525-121.28943 Roseville The following Placer County cities are in the Sierra Nevada mountains: 39.1954-120.23554 Squaw Valley 39.2464-120.04895 Tahoe Vista 39.0917-120.04171 Lake Tahoe 39.30444-120.335832 Sugar Bowl — a ski resort near Old Donner Summit 39.3-120.771 Nevada County - Located north of Placer County, Nevada County rises from the Sierra foothills to the Nevada border. The county retains many examples of its Gold Rush past, ranging from California's oldest operating theater in Nevada City to the Holbrooke Hotel in Grass Valley, an establishment that has hosted four Presidents since its opening in 1851. Even before the Gold Rush, the county gained fame for the ill-fated Donner Party of 1846, and today the lake named for that doomed expedition is a popular recreation spot. Western Nevada 38.78-120.532 El Dorado County - The name of Placer County's southern neighbor translates from Spanish as "the gilded/golden", an appropriate title for the county where the California Gold Rush was kicked off after a discovery at Sutter's Mill (near Coloma) in 1848. The county's attractions include mountain scenery, gold mining history, the impossibly blue waters of Lake Tahoe, backpacking opportunities in the Desolation Wilderness, and epic skiing in the South Lake Tahoe area. 38.45-121.353 Sacramento County - Bordering Placer County to the southwest , Sacramento County stretches from the wetlands at the edge of the San Francisco Bay to the rolling hills of Gold Country. The Sacramento and American Rivers played prominent roles in the county's development, and today offer outdoor opportunities ranging from boating to fishing to birdwatching. The capital city of Sacramento is located at the rivers' confluence, and visitors will appreciate its historic districts and more than 25 museums. 39.04-121.694 Sutter County - Placer County's western neighbor, tiny Sutter County lies between the Sacramento and Feather rivers, with nearly 90% of the county's land used for grazing and agriculture. The county is home to the eroded volcanic lava domes of the Sutter Buttes, which occupy a circular area roughly ten miles across and are sometimes referred to as the world's smallest mountain range. 39.27-121.355 Yuba County - Bordering Placer County to the northwest, rural Yuba County is located along the western slope of the Sierra Nevadas, offering visitors recreational opportunities in the Plumas and Tahoe National Forests, and providing a glimpse into the area's Gold Rush past at the ghost town of Timbuctoo and neighboring Smartsville. The western side of the county is flatter, more populous, and primarily used for fruit orchards, rice fields, and grazing.
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The primary storage portion of a rainwater harvesting system is where the water is conveyed to and stored until it is discharged to the end-use. The storage system can be modular or a single unit, can be located above or below-ground and can be made out of a variety of materials, generally either concrete, metal, plastic, wood or some combination those listed. The size, shape within a given material category can vary widely, but a following is a summary of the common materials used in aboveground tanks and cisterns. No matter the tank material or size, manufacturer-recommeneded-guidelines should be followed for tank installation and maintenance and for proper design of foundations of the tanks and cisterns. In order to prevent algae blooms inside the tank, opaque materials, gaskets and caulking may be needed to block all light from entering. If colder or cooler water is desired, position tank away or out of direct sunlight. Some materials, such as some types of plastic, are more susceptible to UV degradation and fluctuations in temperature. Polypropylene Polyethylene FRP Stainless steel with gaskets Coated steel Galvanized and alumunized steel with flexible inner-liners Cast-in-place Precast one-piece Precast modular Ferro-concrete tanks (tanks where concrete is sprayed on the frame) Synthetic fabric construction As before, tanks shapes and sizes can vary within a material category. Plans for accommodating existing and future subsurface utilities and integration with the conveyance system must be approached early on in the design process. Manufacturer's recommendations for installation, foundation design, water table analysis, buoyancy anchoring and backfilling should be followed. Ensure that access to the below ground tank is not in any way inhibited or discouraged by the placement of the tank. Doing so may discourage or cause the later inability to properly enter the tank for maintenance and inspections. Ensure that during construction, contamination and runoff does not enter the tank, or if so, ensure that it is cleaned before first use. Polypropylene Polyethylene Coated steel Galvanized and aluminized steel Cast-in-place Precast one-piece tanks Precast modular
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So why do we even need to author an audio script for our educational podcasts? A well-written script will not only save you time and trouble in recording and editing your podcast but will also enable you to produce podcasts that sound more focused, clear and polished. In simple instructional design terms, authoring a well-written script will both increase your production efficiency, and increase the probability of producing a more effective and appealing educational podcast. To be effective, efficient and appealing however, your well-written script needs to be written for listeners’ ears not their eyes (i.e. for speaking not reading). In other words, you must treat your script as a mere container for your spoken language and not as its source or guide. It’s about how it will sound not about how it looks on paper. Additionally, it needs to be written in a way that doesn’t show your listeners that you are reading from a script (it needs to be invisible). The crucial point to remember is that the overall sound and feel of your podcast depends not only on how well it is delivered (read) but also on how well its script was written, which gives you even further control on the final result. So what differentiates a text for the ears from a text for the eyes? We’ll consider three key elements: Structure, Content and Audience Rapport: Structure A text written for the eyes can usually afford to be more formal and intricate, and can easily incorporate extended or complex speech... without loosing its audience. Even if it is not ideal, readers can obviously linger on each and every sentence and move onto the next one only after they are ready to do so. In a podcast, however, listeners do not have this luxury. They listen to what you say as you speak out each sentence, and although they can, most listeners do not (and generally need not) routinely pause your audio, rewind it and listen to it again and again. Accordingly, be sure to watch out for any words or syntax that is not easy to be said out loud: Using the active rather than passive voice, for instance, will usually result in shorter and clearer sentences, cutting your use of dependent clauses will make it easier for listeners to follow your main idea, avoiding long winded expressions and verb phrases will make your text shorter and simpler (e.g. ‘on an everyday basis’ vs. ‘daily’ and ‘put the emphasis on’ vs. ‘emphasize’). So the first step in writing for the ear is to use simple short sentences and words, and to make each sentence, paragraph and even the overall podcast as short as possible. Skip any unnecessary flair and get to your point. Your litmus test for achieving this goal: Try reading your script out loud - Do you need to stop for air midway through one of your sentences? If the answer is yes, that sentence might be good for the eyes but not for the ears; it is too long or complex. As a general rule of thumb, you shouldn’t need more than one breath of air to utter any one single sentence. Content Podcast listeners need to follow not only your short and simple sentences but also your ideas and overarching message. The challenge here is that your ideas will reach your listeners’ ears, literally, at the speed of sound. They will have no time or chance for profound reflection and contemplation as they listen to your podcast. Your ideas and overall message must thus be “digestible” from the standpoint of any average, one-time, listener in your audience. This is, of course, a relative issue (i.e. the perceived level and complexity of any podcast is a matter that depends on your target audience) but playing it safe is always the advisable route. Remember, a podcast is usually a good place to introduce, review or reinforce a topic, try to leave the heavy duty pondering to the discussion boards. So make sure that the ideas you are communicating are clear and easy to follow in respect to YOUR target audience, and be sure to communicate these ideas in a simple-clear manner. Your litmus test for achieving this goal: When you try reading your script do you repeatedly stumble in your reading when you get to a certain point? Will your listener need to stop to think on what you have just read? If the answer is yes, that idea or its wording is not clear. Audience Rapport Lastly, effective writing for the ear also entails the creation of a good rapport between you and your listeners. You want your script to sound spontaneous and friendly not distant and artificial so be sure to adhere to the following simple guidelines: Talk ‘with’ your listeners not ‘to’ them. Use inclusive language such as 'we' and 'our' rather than ‘you’ and ‘your.’ Do not shy away from contractions and informal language (e.g. it’s, let’s, there’s...). Avoid clustering together a series of sentences that all have the same length and structure. This will make you sound like a mechanical and indifferent lecturer rather than a friendly and spontaneous partner. Decide beforehand and clearly mark in your script, specific places for pauses (short moments of silence), which we naturally incorporate in our spoken language. This will both help you keep your learners engage, and give them some valuable time to ‘digest’ what you are saying. Your litmus test for achieving this goal: When you read your script out loud, imagine that you are talking with another person sitting next to you. If you don’t speak like this in real-life, your script might lead to a distant and artificial-sounding podcast. These are the key elements en route to a script for the ears, and the brief assessment below will help you test and reinforce your knowledge of these key elements: Now that you know more about what you should be aiming for when you write your audio scripts, you can move to the next step where you will learn about the things you should aim to avoid when writing your audio scripts, that is, audio scripts pitfalls. Next
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[ff. 100v-102r] ENglond be glad pluk vp thy lusty hart. help now thi kyng and tak his part Ageynst the frenchmen in the feld to fyght In the quarell of the church and in the ryght with spers and sheldes on goodly horsys lyght. 5 bowys and arows to put them all to flyght helpe now thi kyng Providing a brief and optimistic characterization of battle (ll. 5–6) and summation of the cause for Henry’s war with France of 1513 (l. 4), this lyric urges support for the king in that campaign, on which he was accompanied by the Chapel Royal. “Pray we to god that all may gyde” (H 65), which follows this lyric, is of the same occasion. 1 . . . pluk vp thy lusty hart Cf. “Comfort at hand! Pluck up thy heart” (in DBla), attributed to Wyatt. 4 quarrell Cause, ground or occasion of complaint leading to hostile feeling or action (OED “quarrel” n.3 2). The unattributed “ENglond be glad pluk vp thy lusty hart” is through-set in three voices. 134.5 and Ringler MS TM76. It is reprinted in Chappell Account 383, Flügel Anglia 250, Flügel Neuengl 161, Stevens M&P 417–18, and Stevens MCH8 74. H1,2,3 (ff. 100v–102r). 1 lusty hart.] hart^ H2 2 and tak his part] and tak his part and take hys part. H1,3, and take his and take his part. H2 4 in the ryght.] in thi ryght. H2, thi ryght. H3 6 to put them all to flyght] to put them all to flyght to put them all to flyght. H1, to put them all to flyght to put them all to flyght. H2, to put them all to flyght. H3 7 helpe now] now helpe H3
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Icehouse Bottom is a prehistoric Native American site in Monroe County, Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States. Native Americans were using the site as a semi-permanent hunting camp as early as 7500 B.C., making it one of the oldest known habitation areas in the state of Tennessee. Analysis of the site's Woodland period (1000 B.C. - 1000 A.D.) artifacts shows evidence of an extensive trade network that extended to as far away as Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio. The Icehouse Bottom site is now submerged by Tellico Lake, an impoundment of the Little Tennessee River. Excavations were conducted at the site in the 1970s in anticipation of inundation. Tellico Lake is managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the shoreline immediately above the Icehouse Bottom site is part of the McGhee-Carson Unit of the Tellico Lake Wildlife Management Area, which is managed by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. The Zuni, like other Pueblo peoples, are believed to be the descendants of the Ancient Pueblo Peoples who lived in the deserts of New Mexico, Arizona, Southern Colorado and Utah for centuries. Archaeological evidence shows they have lived in their present location for about 1,3000 years. However, before the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Zuni lived in six different villages. After the revolt, until 1692, they took refuge in a defensible position atop Dowa Yalanne, a steep mesa 5 km (2 miles) southeast of the present Pueblo of Zuñi. Dowa meaning "corn", and Yalanne meaning "mountain." After the establishment of peace and the return of the Spanish, the Zuni relocated in their present location, only briefly returning to the mesa top in 1703. In 1539, a Spanish exploratory party under the Moorish slave Esteban arrived, though the villagers eventually killed him. This was Spain's first contact with any of the Pueblo peoples. The Zuñi are mentioned in Brave New World. The Seminole People of the Coastal Plains "Osceola (1804 – January 20, 1838) was a war chief of the Seminole in Florida. Osceola led a small band of warriors (never more than 100) in the Seminole resistance during the Second Seminole War when the United States tried to remove the Seminoles from their lands. He exercised a great deal of influence on Micanopy, the highest ranking chief of the Seminoles." Diet: The Seminole women did the non-dangerous tasks. They tended the farming fields, gathered berries, water and medicinal leaves from the environment. The women harvested corn, beans and squash from the land. These items would tend to become cornbread or soups/stews. Very seldom did they eat anything plain. The men did the hunting and fishing. The protein portion in their diet consisted of the wildlife of Florida and Oklahoma. They feasted on alligators, deer, wild turkey and rabbits. They often came across dangers such as poisonous snakes and disease inflicting insects. The biggest dangerous associated with crocodile hunting, would be if the crocodile found them first. Technology: The hunters used bow and arrows, while the fishermen used spears. In times of war, they used bows, tomahawks and even guns to fend off attackers. They had dug-out canoes to push through the rivers with poles. The more effective boats had sails made of palmetto fiber. "A tomahawk is a type of axe native to North America, traditionally resembling a hatchet with a straight shaft." " 'The manner of making their boats' by Theodor de Bry after a John White watercolor. Native Americans make a dugout canoe with seashell scrapers. 1590." Environment: The Seminoles originally lived in Florida. The Americans attacked them, and some were forced into Oklahoma, while some remained in Florida. The Seminoles live in a region known as The Coastal Plains. The Costal plains take up 3200km of the Atlantic Coast. They consist of swamps, marshes and long rolling plains. This area is almost always close to water, and makes for fertile farming lands. The Coastal Plains experience cold, snowy winters and hot and sweaty summers. "The Location of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in the United States" Culture: For each birthday, Seminole women were given a string of beads. The Seminole women were masters of weaving. They knitted massive patchwork quilts. The patch count (how many squares each quilt contained) was often well over 250. A popular campfire activity was to weave baskets, carve wood, beadwork and of course, the ever popular quilts. Seminole story tellers are highly respected. It is important to the Seminoles that nothing is forgotten in their legends, so only the people with the best memory could be storytellers. The Seminole had 2 languages, Creek and Miccosukee. These languages are not in use today, but remain a vital part of the Seminole Culture. Not exactly the most intricate Seminole quilt, but it gives you an idea of the attention to detail that goes into these. Clothing: Clothing was one of the most important things in Seminole culture. They weaved clothes like patchwork quilts, adding lots of color to the fabric. Intricate patterns detailed the ceremonial gear just as much as everyday clothes. Each Seminole home had a sewing machine, as each family had a different pattern adorning their clothes. An adult Seminole man wore a belt (leather, woven yarn or beaded), a full cut shirt with a pattern on the chest and a turban made from plaid wood shawls. An adult Seminole woman wore a large, floor length skirt, a long sleeved blouse and an ornate headdress. As a young Seminole woman grew older, she would wear one more string of beads for every year she lived. There is very little pattern or color in this image, but i believe it correctly represents Seminole clothing minus the colors. Male on the left, Female on the right. These clothes are the winter time wear. Of course they would not wear long sleeved, warm clothes in the summer. The Cherokee people have lived in many lands throughout many centuries. A Cherokee legend says their people came from far away in the northwest. This is probably true, as it is believed that many Aboriginals originally came to North America from Siberia. The Cherokee settled in the Appalachian Mountains, where they lived until the Europeans arrived. Today, their former territory covers parts of eight American states: North and South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, and West Virginia. Cherokee people lived in autonomous villages scattered throughout the Appalachians. Though there wasn’t a central ruling clan or society, each town had a war chief and a peace chief (sometimes called a Red Chief and a White Chief). These people, along with their respective council of advisers, were charged with governance. Cherokee built wattle and daub houses, later replaced by log cabins with bark roofs. Wattle and daub houses were made using a frame of woven sticks, twigs and branches (wattle) then covered with mud or clay (daub). Hot houses were popular places during the winter. Heated with burning embers and coals, these buildings stayed very warm even through the coldest temperatures Cherokee families were traditionally matrilineal. Women mostly held the property, including the dwelling and garden. They maintained family life, planted the fields, and harvested crops (such as corn, beans, and squash). A girl’s education consisted of practical tasks, such as learning to plant, hoe and reap and pound corn to make flour. Cherokee girls also wove baskets, made pottery jars and bowls, and made clothing from animal skins. Men spent much of their time hunting or in warfare. They used bows and arrows for large game, such as deer and bear. Fish were caught using traps. Men also had the task of building canoes. These were made by hollowing out trees with hot coals. Once the initial burning took place, the inside of the canoe was scraped to shape by sharp stones. Cherokee Marbles is a game that dates back to 800 a.d. It is played in teams on a 100 feet long field with five holes. The object of the game is to toss marbles into the holes in a certain sequence, while also knocking opponent marbles out of position. Though billiard balls are used today, players traditionally used marbles chipped from stone and then carefully smoothed and rounded. After seeing an English spelling book, Sequoyah, a Cherokee from Tennessee, wrote an alphabet for the Cherokee language. This is without ever having gone to school or learned to read or write English. Sequoyah’s syllabary is composed of eighty characters each standing for one syllable. It was adopted by the Cherokee people and is taught in school to Cherokee children today. Sequoyah is the only person in history to devise a written language alone. In 1838, armed soldiers rounded up every Cherokee they could find. Gold had been found on Cherokee land and greed overruled all treaties. The US government ordered the Cherokee people to relocate from their homeland to Indian Territory in modern day Oklahoma. Eight thousand Cherokee took boats to Fort Gibson, in Indian Territory. Those left behind voted to travel overland. An estimated 4000 Cherokee died from exposure, disease, and hunger during the march through to Fort Gibson. Today, this journey is remembered as the “Trail of Tears.” In the 1800s, many tribes of the south-eastern states in the US responded to the power of Anglo-Americans by trying to imitate their ways. They adopted the Anglo-American practices of private land ownership, the cultivation of plantations, and acquiring black slaves. By 1824, it is estimated that the Cherokee owned 1, 277 black slaves. The south-eastern tribes – Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creeks, and Seminole – became known by whites as the “Civilized Tribes” because of their willingness to Anglo-Americanize their way of life. This, however, did not protect them from being forced off their lands once gold was discovered. As many as 15, 000 black slaves accompanied these tribes on the Trail of Tears. Freedmen, descendants of the black slaves owned by Cherokee, are at the source of a new controversy within this tibe. Though some of these Freedmen – of which there are 25, 000 – have lived among Cherokee for decades, they were denied Cherokee citizenship in a 2007 vote. This is because their ancestors are not listed on the Dawes Roll. The Dawes Roll is a census compiled in 1906 and 1971 of Cherokees by blood. However, Freedmen, even those with Cherokee blood, were not included in the Dawes Roll. Now they cannot prove Cherokee ancestry to the satisfaction of the tribal government. The issue is ongoing today as Freedmen continue to fight for Cherokee citizenship. The Freedmem issue has raised accusations of racism within the Cherokee and a debate over what it means to be Cherokee - or any other nationality, for that matter. The Cherokee Nation Website Mankiller, an Autobiography of a Chief and her People by Wilma Mankiller The Cherokee by Emily Lepthien http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_indians_slavery.htm The Goshutes are a Native American tribe that once numbered 20,000. Only 500 remain. The name Goshute derived either from a leader named Goship or from Gutsipupiutsi, a Shoshonean word for Desert People. The Goshutes, a Shoshonean people, maintained a territory in the Great Basin extending from the Great Salt Lake to the Steptoe Range in Nevada, and south to Simpson Springs. Prior to contact, the Goshutes wintered in the Deep Creek Valley in dug out houses built of willow poles and earth. In the spring and summer they gathered wild onions, carrots and potatoes, and hunted small game in the mountains. The Wyandot and Huron are indigenous peoples of North America known in their native language as the Wendat. Modern Wyandots and Hurons emerged in the 17th century from the remnants of two earlier groups, the Huron Confederacy and the Petun, who were located in what is now the Canadian province of Ontario before being decimated by disease and dispersed by war. Wyandots and Hurons today live in various locations in Canada and the United States. Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the aboriginal people. In his book American Holocaust, David Stannard argues that the destruction of the aboriginal peoples of the Americas, in a "string of genocide campaigns" by Europeans and their descendants, was the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world. The Battle of the Little Bighorn—also known as Custer's Last Stand, and, in the parlance of the relevant Native Americans, the Battle of the Greasy Grass—was an armed engagement between a Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. It occurred between June 25 and June 26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory. It resulted in most of Custer's army being killed, including himself. Geronimo was born to the Bedonkohe band of the Apache, near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River near the modern-day states of Arizona and New Mexico, then part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe land. Geronimo's father, Tablishim, and mother, Juana, educated him according to Apache traditions. He married a woman from the Chiricauhua band of Apache; they had three children. On March 5, 1851, a company of 400 soldiers from Sonora led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco attacked Geronimo's camp outside Janos while the men were in town trading. Among those dead were Geronimo's wife, Alope, his children, and mother. His chief, Mangas Coloradas, sent him to Cochise's band for help in revenge against the Mexicans. It was the Mexicans who named him Geronimo. This appellation stemmed from a battle in which he repeatedly attacked Mexican soldiers with a knife, ignoring a deadly hail of bullets. In reference to the Mexicans' plea to Saint Jerome, the name stuck.
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C has a wide range of operators that make simple math easy to handle. The list of operators grouped into precedence levels is as follows: Identifiers are names of things in C, and consist of either a letter or an underscore ( _ ) optionally followed by letters, digits, or underscores. An identifier (or variable name) is a primary expression, provided that it has been declared as designating an object (in which case it is an lvalue [a value that can be used as the left side of an assignment expression]) or a function (in which case it is a function designator). A constant is a primary expression. Its type depends on its form and value. The types of constants are character constants (e.g. ' ' is a space), integer constants (e.g. 2), floating-point constants (e.g. 0.5), and enumerated constants that have been previously defined via enum. A string literal is a primary expression. It consists of a string of characters within double quotes ( " ). A parenthesized expression is a primary expression. It consists of an expression within parentheses ( ( ) ). Its type and value are those of the non-parenthesized expression within the parentheses. In C11, an expression that starts with _Generic followed by (, an initial expression, a list of values of the form type: expression where type is either a named type or the keyword default, and ) constitutes a primary expression. The value is the expression that follows the type of the initial expression or the default if not found. First, a primary expression is also a postfix expression. The following expressions are also postfix expressions: A postfix expression followed by a left square bracket ([), an expression, and a right square bracket (]) in sequence constitutes an invocation of the array subscript operator. One of the expressions shall have type "pointer to object type" and the other shall have an integer type; the result type is type. Successive array subscript operators designate an element of a multidimensional array. A postfix expression followed by parentheses or an optional parenthesized argument list indicates an invocation of the function call operator. The value of the function call operator is the return value of the function called with the provided arguments. The parameters to the function are copied on the stack by value (or at least the compiler acts as if that is what happens; if the programmer wanted the parameter to be copied by reference, then it is easier to pass the address of the area to be modified by value, then the called function can access the area through the respective pointer). The trend for compilers is to pass the parameters from right to left onto the stack, but this is not universal. A postfix expression followed by a dot (.) followed by an identifier selects a member from a structure or union; a postfix expression followed by an arrow (->) followed by an identifier selects a member from a structure or union who is pointed to by the pointer on the left-hand side of the expression. A postfix expression followed by the increment or decrement operators (++ or -- respectively) indicates that the variable is to be incremented or decremented as a side effect. The value of the expression is the value of the postfix expression before the increment or decrement. These operators only work on integers and pointers. First, a postfix expression is a unary expression. The following expressions are all unary expressions: The increment or decrement operators followed by a unary expression is a unary expression. The value of the expression is the value of the unary expression after the increment or decrement. These operators only work on integers and pointers. The following operators followed by a cast expression are unary expressions: Operator Meaning ======== ======= & Address-of; value is the location of the operand * Contents-of; value is what is stored at the location - Negation + Value-of operator ! Logical negation ( (!E) is equivalent to (0==E) ) ~ Bit-wise complement The keyword sizeof followed by a unary expression is a unary expression. The value is the size of the type of the expression in bytes. The expression is not evaluated. The keyword sizeof followed by a parenthesized type name is a unary expression. The value is the size of the type in bytes. A unary expression is also a cast expression. A parenthesized type name followed by any expression, including literals, is a cast expression. The parenthesized type name has the effect of forcing the cast expression into the type specified by the type name in parentheses. For arithmetic types, this either does not change the value of the expression, or truncates the value of the expression if the expression is an integer and the new type is smaller than the previous type. An example of casting a float as an int: float pi = 3.141592; int truncated_pi = (int) pi; // truncated_pi == 3 An example of casting a char as an int: char my_char = 'A'; int my_int = (int) my_char; // On machines which use ASCII as the character set, my_int == 65 First, a multiplicative expression is also a cast expression, and an additive expression is also a multiplicative expression. This follows the precedence that multiplication happens before addition. In C, simple math is very easy to handle. The following operators exist: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and % (modulus); You likely know all of them from your math classes - except, perhaps, modulus. It returns the remainder of a division (e.g. 5 % 2 = 1). (Modulus is not defined for floating-point numbers, but the math.h library has an fmod function.) Care must be taken with the modulus, because it's not the equivalent of the mathematical modulus: (-5) % 2 is not 1, but -1. Division of integers will return an integer, and the division of a negative integer by a positive integer will round towards zero instead of rounding down (e.g. (-5) / 3 = -1 instead of -2). However, it is always true that for all integer a and nonzero integer b, ((a / b) * b) + (a % b) == a. There is no inline operator to do exponentiation (e.g. 5 ^ 2 is not 25 [it is 7; ^ is the exclusive-or operator], and 5 ** 2 is an error), but there is a power function. The mathematical order of operations does apply. For example (2 + 3) * 2 = 10 while 2 + 3 * 2 = 8. Multiplicative operators have precedence over additive operators. #include int main(void) { int i = 0, j = 0; /* while i is less than 5 AND j is less than 5, loop */ while( (i < 5) && (j < 5) ) { /* postfix increment, i++ * the value of i is read and then incremented */ printf("i: %d\t", i++); /* * prefix increment, ++j * the value of j is incremented and then read */ printf("j: %d\n", ++j); } printf("At the end they have both equal values:\ni: %d\tj: %d\n", i, j); getchar(); /* pause */ return 0; } will display the following: i: 0 j: 1 i: 1 j: 2 i: 2 j: 3 i: 3 j: 4 i: 4 j: 5 At the end they have both equal values: i: 5 j: 5 A shift expression is also an additive expression (meaning that the shift operators have a precedence just below addition and subtraction). Shift functions are often used in low-level I/O hardware interfacing. Shift and rotate functions are heavily used in cryptography and software floating point emulation. Other than that, shifts can be used in place of division or multiplication by a power of two. Many processors have dedicated function blocks to make these operations fast -- see Microprocessor Design/Shift and Rotate Blocks. On processors which have such blocks, most C compilers compile shift and rotate operators to a single assembly-language instruction -- see X86 Assembly/Shift and Rotate. The << operator shifts the binary representation to the left, dropping the most significant bits and appending it with zero bits. The result is equivalent to multiplying the integer by a power of two. The unsigned shift right operator, also sometimes called the logical right shift operator. It shifts the binary representation to the right, dropping the least significant bits and prepending it with zeros. The >> operator is equivalent to division by a power of two for unsigned integers. The signed shift right operator, also sometimes called the arithmetic right shift operator. It shifts the binary representation to the right, dropping the least significant bit, but prepending it with copies of the original sign bit. The >> operator is not equivalent to division for signed integers. In C, the behavior of the >> operator depends on the data type it acts on. Therefore, a signed and an unsigned right shift looks exactly the same, but produces a different result in some cases. Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to write C code that compiles down to the "rotate" assembly language instruction (on CPUs that have such an instruction). Most compilers recognize this idiom: unsigned int x; unsigned int y; /* ... */ y = (x >> shift) | (x << (32 - shift)); and compile it to a single 32 bit rotate instruction. On some systems, this may be "#define"ed as a macro or defined as an inline function called something like "rightrotate32" or "rotr32" or "ror32" in a standard header file like "bitops.h". Most compilers recognize this idiom: unsigned int x; unsigned int y; /* ... */ y = (x << shift) | (x >> (32 - shift)); and compile it to a single 32 bit rotate instruction. On some systems, this may be "#define"ed as a macro or defined as an inline function called something like "leftrotate32" or "rotl32" in a header file like "bitops.h". A relational expression is also a shift expression; an equality expression is also a relational expression. The relational binary operators < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal), and >= (greater than or equal) operators return a value of 1 if the result of the operation is true, 0 if false. The result of these operators is type int. The equality binary operators == (equals) and != (not equals) operators are similar to the relational operators except that their precedence is lower. They also return a value of 1 if the result of the operation is true and 0 if it is false. One thing with floating-point numbers and equality operators: Because floating-point operations can produce approximations (e.g. 0.1 is a repeating decimal in binary, so 0.1 * 10.0 is hardly ever 1.0), it is unwise to use the == operator with floating-point numbers. Instead, if a and b are the numbers to compare, compare fabs (a - b) to a fudge factor. The bitwise operators are & (and), ^ (exclusive or) and | (inclusive or). The & operator has higher precedence than ^, which has higher precedence than |. The values being operated upon must be integral; the result is integral. One use for the bitwise operators is to emulate bit flags. These flags can be set with OR, tested with AND, flipped with XOR, and cleared with AND NOT. For example: /* This code is a sample for bitwise operations. */ #define BITFLAG1 (1) #define BITFLAG2 (2) #define BITFLAG3 (4) /* They are powers of 2 */ unsigned bitbucket = 0U; /* Clear all */ bitbucket |= BITFLAG1; /* Set bit flag 1 */ bitbucket &= ~BITFLAG2; /* Clear bit flag 2 */ bitbucket ^= BITFLAG3; /* Flip the state of bit flag 3 from off to on or vice versa */ if (bitbucket & BITFLAG3) { /* bit flag 3 is set */ } else { /* bit flag 3 is not set */ } The logical operators are && (and), and || (or). Both of these operators produce 1 if the relationship is true and 0 for false. Both of these operators short-circuit; if the result of the expression can be determined from the first operand, the second is ignored. The && operator has higher precedence than the || operator. && is used to evaluate expressions left to right, and returns a 1 if both statements are true, 0 if either of them are false. If the first expression is false, the second is not evaluated. int x = 7; int y = 5; if(x == 7 && y == 5) { ... } Here, the && operator checks the left-most expression, then the expression to its right. If there were more than two expressions chained (e.g. x && y && z), the operator would check x first, then y (if x is nonzero), then continue rightwards to z if neither x or y is zero. Since both statements return true, the && operator returns true, and the code block is executed. if(x == 5 && y == 5) { ... } The && operator checks in the same way as before, and finds that the first expression is false. The && operator stops evaluating as soon as it finds a statement to be false, and returns a false. || is used to evaluate expressions left to right, and returns a 1 if either of the expressions are true, 0 if both are false. If the first expression is true, the second expression is not evaluated. /* Use the same variables as before. */ if(x == 2 || y == 5) { // the || statement checks both expressions, finds that the latter is true, and returns true ... } The || operator here checks the left-most expression, finds it false, but continues to evaluate the next expression. It finds that the next expression returns true, stops, and returns a 1. Much how the && operator ceases when it finds an expression that returns false, the || operator ceases when it finds an expression that returns true. It is worth noting that C does not have Boolean values (true and false) commonly found in other languages. It instead interprets a 0 as false, and any nonzero value as true. The ternary ? : operator is the conditional operator. The expression (x ? y : z) has the value of y if x is nonzero, z otherwise. Example: int x = 0; int y; y = (x ? 10 : 6); /* The parentheses are technically not necessary as assignment has a lower precedence than the conditional operator, but it's there for clarity. */ The expression x evaluates to 0. The ternary operator then looks for the "if-false" value, which in this case, is 6. It returns that, so y is equal to six. Had x been a non-zero, then the expression would have returned a 10. The assignment operators are =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, and |= . The = operator stores the value of the right operand into the location determined by the left operand, which must be an lvalue (a value that has an address, and therefore can be assigned to). For the others, x op= y is shorthand for x = x op (y) . Hence, the following expressions are the same: 1. x += y - x = x+y 2. x -= y - x = x-y 3. x *= y - x = x*y 4. x /= y - x = x/y 5. x %= y - x = x%y The value of the assignment expression is the value of the left operand after the assignment. Thus, assignments can be chained; e.g. the expression a = b = c = 0; would assign the value zero to all three variables. The operator with the least precedence is the comma operator. The value of the expression x, y will evaluate both x and y, but provides the value of y. This operator is useful for including multiple actions in one statement (e.g. within a for loop conditional). Here is a small example of the comma operator: int i, x; /* Declares two ints, i and x, in one declaration. Technically, this is not the comma operator. */ /* this loop initializes x and i to 0, then runs the loop */ for (x = 0, i = 0; i <= 6; i++) { printf("x = %d, and i = %d\n", x, i); } GCC: "Optimize common rotate constructs" "Cleanups in ROTL/ROTR DAG combiner code" mentions that this code supports the "rotate" instruction in the CellSPU "replace private copy of bit rotation routines" -- recommends including "bitops.h" and using its rol32 and ror32 rather than copy-and-paste into a new program.
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To install Ubuntu, first get it from Ubuntu's download page. You have the choice between Desktop and Server versions. If you are familiar with the command line and intend to run Ubuntu as a server, download the server version first. If you are unfamiliar with the command line, you can install the GUI while you learn it. Instructions to do that appear later. Ubuntu is released twice a year, once in April, once in October. These versions are supported for 9 months. Every 2 years, Ubuntu releases a "Long Term Support" (LTS) version that is supported for 5 years. The version matches the year, month, and day. Ubuntu 16.04.03 means it was released in on April 3rd, 2016. Ubuntu 17.10.1 was released on October 1st, 2017. VirtualBox is free so you can get started with this right now. There are many instructions online that discusses how to do this. The steps are basically as follows. Create a new VM Attach the downloaded iso Start the VM Run the installer VMware Fusion is easier. Just select "Install from disc or image" and drag the iso on top of it. Installing Ubuntu on a Mac Ubuntu's desktop tutorial. Ubuntu's server tutorial. Ubuntu's server installation guide. If you forget your password you must reboot and enter Recovery Mode. If you are at the login screen you can reboot by pressing control-alt-delete (control-option-delete). Hold down the shift key as soon as the computer restarts. Almost immediately you will enter the GNU GRUB menu. If the computer wont even boot to the GRUB menu, you must boot to a CD's GRUB menu. Once booted to the GRUB menu, choose "Advanced options for Ubuntu", then "recovery mode", then "Drop to root shell prompt". Type these commands to make the disk writable. mount -o remount,rw / mount --all Then you can change a password using passwd. User information is stored in /etc/passwd and passwords are stored in /etc/shadow. /etc/passwd needs to have 644 permissions and /etc/shadow must have 640 permissions. Home folders are in /home/. Group information is stored in /etc/groups. You can find out the current version of your OS with this command. cat /etc/lsb-release This is what it printed. DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS" You can also view the version of the Linux kernel by running this command. uname -a This is what it printed. Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-87-generic #110-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 18 12:55:35 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux According to the Linux Kernel Archives the latest version at the time of writing is 4.15. The first thing you want to do after installing (assuming your networking is working) is to update. To update run these commands. sudo apt-get update This command updates your local copy of available software that you can install. Run this command periodically to make sure your source list is up-to-date. When I first installed 16.04 and ran apt-get update I got an error that said the following. The repository 'cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801) xenial Release' does not have a Release file. It's pretty annoying when an error appears right out of the box, but don't let it stop you. I fixed it by searching for the error on the internet and I found this page that says to edit /etc/apt/sources.list and comment out lines that began with "deb cdrom". That fixed the problem for me. Next, run this command to upgrade the packages already installed on your computer. sudo apt-get upgrade The Ubuntu server guide says to run this command to upgrade Ubuntu server. sudo do-release-upgrade On other Linux versions you would run this command instead. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade apt list --installed This will print a long list of all of the software installed on your computer. I setup SSH first because I'm most familiar with the Mac, so I prefer to work from a Mac, so I prefer to login to Linux using Mac's Terminal.app. SSH isn't installed by default. You can install it using the following command. sudo apt-get install openssh-server You could also install it using the tasksel command (see below). To check it's status run this command. service ssh status Once it's running you can ssh into your Linux box by first getting the IP of your Linux computer by running this command. ip addr show Then on a different computer (like your Mac), you can ssh in by running this command. ssh name@yourip If you are using a virtual machine, now would be a good time to make a snapshot. Virtualmin GPL is an extension of the Webmin web console that is used to configure a Unix based server using a web browser. I intend on using a web console as a crutch so that I can get up and running as quickly as possible. I intend on learning how to configure everything using the command line, but getting a production server running will give me a reason to learn the command line. I choose Virtualmin for one reason, it safely backs up MySQL databases. I didn't see any other free web consoles . I don't have my own scripts to do this, so I'm relying on this product to do it for me. Virtualmin also installs Webmin and LAMP, which I also plan to install. So this just does it all for me. To find the latest instructions see the Virtualmin instructions. At the time of this writing, the instructions were to run these commands. wget http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/scripts/install.sh sudo /bin/sh install.sh Virtualmin will install Webmin. If you don't want Virtualmin but do want Webmin, you can install it with the following commands. Add the webmin source. sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webmin.list Add this line. deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib Then run these commands sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc sudo rm jcameron-key.asc sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install webmin Then you can login and configure your server using a web browser at https://yourip:10000. This command is a short cut to installing many things, based on the task. Run it without any arguments for a list. sudo tasksel In my case I selected "Samba file server". To see what a task is actually installing, look at /usr/share/tasksel/descs/ubuntu-tasks.desc. I could also install a specific task by naming it. sudo tasksel install lamp-server And I could remove it using the remove command. sudo tasksel remove lamp-server After installing LAMP, it is recommended that you secure it. If you really want to install the GUI on Ubuntu Server type one of the following. For only the desktop and not the extras. sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop sudo reboot To remove: sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop sudo reboot To install the desktop and all of the extras (Firefox, LibreOffice, mp3 player). sudo tasksel install ubuntu-desktop sudo reboot To remove: sudo tasksel remove ubuntu-desktop sudo reboot The rest of this book is going to assume you don't have Desktop installed. For an absolutely gigantic list of software that you can install run this command. apt-cache search . You can also substitute a keyword to find software with that keyword. apt-cache search lamp Ironically, this doesn't list Apache, MySQL, or PHP. Even more ironically a web search led to old documentation that didn't work either. I had to go to the Official Ubuntu Documentation, find the latest Server documentation (16.04 LTS), and look for "LAMP" there. The page there said to use tasksel.
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I moved this page, not noticing that I had followed a link from Wikiversity, and thus thinking that I was there, where this move would have been SOP. I would create Template:Move undo as I am doing on Wikiversity, to request uncontroversial undo of a move, and avoid the need for a request here. But I can't find out how to create a Template here. The process I'm accustomed to (Search for the template name and then follow the create page link) doesn't work here as it does elsewhere I'm accustomed to. Thanks. --Abd (discuss • contribs) 15:10, 1 February 2014 (UTC)[] Now back at Algebra/Factoring Polynomials. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 16:18, 1 February 2014 (UTC)[] The Grsecurity book has two appendix pages, Sysctl Options (old, out-of-date) and Sysctl Options v2 (new and up-to-date). I would like to get rid of the older Sysctl Options page and keep Sysctl Options v2. Also, if possible, I would prefer that the URL for Sysctl_Options_v2 was changed to Sysctl_Options. My understanding is that only an admin can do these changes. What procecure should I follow here? Meev0 (discuss • contribs) 19:05, 4 February 2014 (UTC)[] All done... the pages have been merged, the old one deleted and the name of the new one changed. All links have been updated. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 15:59, 5 February 2014 (UTC)[] Thank you, QuiteUnusual! Meev0 (discuss • contribs) 18:08, 5 February 2014 (UTC)[]
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Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30, 1941) was the 46th Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. Previously, he served as White House Chief of Staff, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming, and Secretary of Defense. In the private sector, he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Halliburton Energy Services. Dick was from Devizes and had balls of many different sizes - one was so small it was hardly at all whilst the other won several prizes. Principle is okay up to a certain point, but principle doesn't do any good if you lose. Remarks during the 1976 US Presidential Let us rid ourselves of the fiction that low oil prices are somehow good for the United States. Remarks after introducing a legislation to create a new import tax that would have caused the price of oil to soar by billions of dollars per year October 1986 I think that the proposition of going to Baghdad is also fallacious. I think if we we're going to remove Saddam Hussein we would have had to go all the way to Baghdad, we would have to commit a lot of force because I do not believe he would wait in the Presidential Palace for us to arrive. I think we'd have had to hunt him down. And once we'd done that and we'd gotten rid of Saddam Hussein and his government, then we'd have had to put another government in its place. What kind of government? Should it be a Sunni government or Shi'i government or a Kurdish government or Ba'athist regime? Or maybe we want to bring in some of the Islamic fundamentalists? How long would we have had to stay in Baghdad to keep that government in place? What would happen to the government once U.S. forces withdrew? How many casualties should the United States accept in that effort to try to create clarity and stability in a situation that is inherently unstable? I think it is vitally important for a President to know when to use military force. I think it is also very important for him to know when not to commit U.S. military force. And it's my view that the President got it right both times, that it would have been a mistake for us to get bogged down in the quagmire inside Iraq. At the Washington Institute's Soref Symposium, April 29, 1991 [1] And the question in my mind is how many additional American casualties is Saddam worth? And the answer is not very damned many. So I think we got it right, both when we decided to expel him from Kuwait, but also when the president made the decision that we'd achieved our objectives and we were not going to go get bogged down in the problems of trying to take over and govern Iraq.... Once we had rounded him up and gotten rid of his government, then the question is what do you put in its place? You know, you then have accepted the responsibility for governing Iraq. August 1992, at the Discovery Institute in Seattle [2] [3] Because if we had gone to Baghdad we would have been all alone. There wouldn't have been anybody else with us. It would have been a U.S. occupation of Iraq. None of the Arab forces that were willing to fight with us in Kuwait were willing to invade Iraq. Once you got to Iraq and took it over and took down Saddam Hussein's government, then what are you going to put in its place? That's a very volatile part of the world. And if you take down the central government in Iraq, you could easily end up seeing pieces of Iraq fly off. Part of it the Syrians would like to have, the west. Part of eastern Iraq the Iranians would like to claim. Fought over for eight years. In the north, you've got the Kurds. And if the Kurds spin loose and join with Kurds in Turkey, then you threaten the territorial integrity of Turkey. It's a quagmire if you go that far and try to take over Iraq. The other thing is casualties. Everyone was impressed with the fact that we were able to do our job with as few casualties as we had, but for the 146 Americans killed in action and for the families it wasn't a cheap war. And the question for the president in terms of whether or not we went on to Baghdad and took additional casualties in an effort to get Saddam Hussein was, how many additional dead Americans is Saddam worth? And our judgment was not very many, and I think we got it right. Cheney, on not pushing on to Baghdad during the first Gulf War; C-SPAN 4-15-94 Interview on CNN The good Lord didn't see fit to put oil and gas only where there are democratically elected regimes friendly to the United States. Occasionally we have to operate in places where, all things considered, one would not normally choose to go. But, we go where the business is. Speech delivered at the Cato Institute, (June 23, 1998) Oil remains fundamentally a government business. While many regions of the world offer great oil opportunities, the Middle East with two thirds of the world's oil and the lowest cost, is still where the prize ultimately lies, even though companies are anxious for greater access there, progress continues to be slow. Speech delivered at the London Institute of Petroleum, 1999 The suggestion that somehow, because this was a close election, we should fundamentally change our beliefs I just think is silly. CBS News program Face the Nation (December 2000) We also have to work, though, sort of the dark side, if you will. Interview on NBC (September 16, 2001) Simply stated, there is no doubt that Saddam Hussein now has weapons of mass destruction; there is no doubt that he is amassing them to use against our friends, against our allies, and against us. Address at the Opening Session of the 103rd National Convention of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (August 26, 2002) We believe he has, in fact, reconstituted nuclear weapons. Cheney on NBC's Meet the Press, March 16, 2003 [4] [In response to "Do you think the American people are prepared for a long, costly, and bloody battle with significant American casualties?"] "Well, I don’t think it’s likely to unfold that way, Tim, because I really do believe that we will be greeted as liberators. I’ve talked with a lot of Iraqis in the last several months myself, had them to the White House....The read we get on the people of Iraq is there is no question but what they want to get rid of Saddam Hussein and they will welcome as liberators the United States when we come to do that." My belief is, we will, in fact be greeted as liberators. Meet The Press with Tim Russert. [5] (March 16, 2003) [In response to "Reconstituted nuclear weapons. You misspoke."] Yeah. I did misspeak. I said repeatedly during the show weapons capability. We never had any evidence that he had acquired a nuclear weapon. Meet The Press with Tim Russert. [6] (Sept. 14, 2003) [In response to "We have not been greeted as liberators."] "Well, I think we have by most Iraqis. I think the majority of Iraqis are thankful for the fact that the United States is there, that we came and we took down the Saddam Hussein government. And I think if you go in vast areas of the country, the Shia in the south, which are about 60 percent of the population, 20-plus percent in the north, in the Kurdish areas, and in some of the Sunni areas, you’ll find that, for the most part, a majority of Iraqis support what we did. Meet The Press with Tim Russert. [7] (Sept. 14, 2003) If we’re successful in Iraq, if we can stand up a good representative government in Iraq, that secures the region so that it never again becomes a threat to its neighbors or to the United States, so it’s not pursuing weapons of mass destruction, so that it’s not a safe haven for terrorists, now we will have struck a major blow right at the heart of the base, if you will, the geographic base of the terrorists who have had us under assault now for many years, but most especially on 9/11. Meet The Press with Tim Russert. [8] (September. 14, 2003) You know, Paul, Reagan proved that deficits don't matter. We won the mid-term elections, this is our due. Remarks on Paul O'Neill (January 9, 2004) We haven't really had the time yet to pore through all those records in Baghdad. We'll find ample evidence confirming the link, that is the connection if you will between al Qaida and the Iraqi intelligence services. They have worked together on a number of occasions. Interview with Rocky Mountain News, January 2004 [9] America has shown we are serious about removing the threat of weapons of mass destruction."... "We now know that Saddam Hussein had the capacity to produce weapons of mass destruction.... We know he had the necessary infrastructure because we found the labs and the dual-use facilities that could be used for these chemical and biological agents. We know that he was developing the delivery systems — ballistic missiles — that had been prohibited by the United Nations. Speech at a Fundraising dinner in New Mexico, (February 16, 2004) What we did in Iraq was exactly the right thing to do. If I had it to recommend all over again, I would recommend exactly the same course of action. Vice Presidential Debate October 5, 2004 [10] [11] If the Democratic policies had been pursued over the last two or three years...we would not have had the kind of job growth we've had. Lester Holt interview, MSNBC, March 2, 2004 whitehouse.archives.gov With respect to the question of relationships, my general view is that freedom means freedom for everyone. People...ought to be free to enter into any kind of relationship they want to. Remarks on same same-sex marriage Washington Post (25 August 2004) Senator Kerry says he sees two Americas. And that makes the whole thing mutual — America sees two John Kerrys. Acceptance Speech at the Republican National Convention. - Video and text available. (1 September 2004) Because if we make the wrong choice, then the danger is that we'll get hit again, that we'll be hit in a way that will be devastating from the standpoint of the United States, and that we'll fall back into the pre-9/11 mind set if you will, that in fact these terrorist attacks are just criminal acts, and that we're not really at war. I think that would be a terrible mistake for us. Speaking about the choice Americans would soon make in the presidential election at a Des Moines, Iowa campaign appearance on September 7, 2004 whitehouse.archives.gov. The senator has got his facts wrong. I have not suggested there's a connection between Iraq and 9/11, but there's clearly an established Iraqi track record with terror. At the Vice Presidential Debates, October 5, 2004. [12] The important thing here to understand is that the people that are at Guantanamo are bad people. I mean, these are terrorists for the most part. Interview talking about the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay on Fox News (13 June 2005) I think we may well have some kind of presence there over a period of time... The level of activity that we see today from a military standpoint, I think, will clearly decline. I think they're in the last throes, if you will, of the insurgency. Larry King Live. interview (June 20, 2005) I think so. I guess if I look back on it now, I don't think anybody anticipated the level of violence that we've encountered. [In response to the question "Do you think that you underestimated the insurgency's strength?"] Gerald R. Ford Journalism Prize Luncheon, June 19, 2006 What the Democrats are suggesting, basically, about a withdrawal — you can call it redeployment, whatever you want to call it. Basically, it in effect validates the terrorists' strategy. You've got to remember that the Osama bin Laden-types, the al Qaeda-types, the Zarqawi-types that have been active in Iraq are betting that ultimately they can break the United States' will. There's no way they can defeat us militarily. Their whole strategy, if you look at what bin Laden's been saying for 10 years, is they believe they can, in fact, force us to quit, that ultimately we'll get tired of the fight, that we don't have the stomach for a long, tough battle and that we'll pack it in and go home. If we were to do that it would be devastating from the standpoint of the global war on terror. It would affect what happens in Afghanistan. It would make it difficult for us to persuade the Iranians to give up their aspirations for nuclear weapons. It would threaten the stability of regimes like Musharraf in Pakistan and the Saudis in Saudi Arabia. It is absolutely the worst possible thing we could do at this point. It would be to validate and encourage the terrorists by doing exactly what they want us to do. Interview with John King on CNN (June 22, 2006) Here's what I can tell you about Don Rumsfeld. You're never going to get any credit. And you'll only know how well you're doing if he gives you more work. If that happens, you're doing fine. Quoted in Bob Woodward's, State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III, Simon & Schuster, 2006 This is an existential conflict. It is the kind of conflict that's going to drive our policy and our government for the next 20 or 30 or 40 years. We have to prevail and we have to have the stomach for the fight long term. On Fox News Sunday responding to the opposition against sending 21,500 more troops to Iraq (January 14, 2007) Wolf, you can come up with all kinds of what-ifs; you've got to deal with the reality on the ground. The reality on the ground is, we've made major progress. We've still got a lot of work to do. There's a lot of provinces in Iraq that are relatively quiet. There's more and more authority transferred to the Iraqis all the time.... Bottom line is that we've had enormous successes and we will continue to have enormous successes. CNN interview with Wolf Blitzer responding to the question, How worried are you of the Iraqi government turning against the United States? (January 24, 2007) If fine speech-making, appeals to reason, or pleas for compassion had the power to move them, the terrorists would long ago have abandoned the field. Speech at the American Enterprise Institute (21 May, 2009) [W]atching a coordinated, devastating attack on our country from an underground bunker at the White House can affect how you view your responsibilities. National Secruity Speech, American Enterprise Institute (21 May 2009) Dick Cheney: I'm more concerned with bad guys who got out and released than I am with a few that, in fact, were innocent. Chuck Todd: 25% of the detainees though, 25% turned out to be innocent. They were released. Dick Cheney: Where are you going to draw the line, Chuck? How are— Chuck Todd: Well, I'm asking you. Dick Cheney: —you going to know? [Overtalk] Chuck Todd: Is that too high? You're okay with that margin for error? Dick Cheney: I have no problem as long as we achieve our objective. Meet the Press (NBC), 14 December 2014 , quoted in Anthony Zurcher. "Cheney: 'No problem' with detaining innocents". BBC News. Retrieved on 2014-12-21. Asked about Gul Rahman, who was taken into CIA custody as a result of mistaken identity, and died from CIA abuse. Hugh Hewitt: Is he naïve, Mr. Vice President? Or does he have a far-reaching vision that only he entertains of a realigned Middle East that somehow it all works out in the end? Dick Cheney: I don't know, Hugh. I vacillate between the various theories I've heard, but you know, if you had somebody as president who wanted to take America down, who wanted to fundamentally weaken our position in the world and reduce our capacity to influence events, turn our back on our allies and encourage our adversaries, it would look exactly like what Barack Obama's doing. I think his actions are constituted in my mind those of the worst president we've ever had. Hugh Hewitt Radio, 8 April 2015 , quoted in DANIEL HALPER. "Cheney: If You Wanted a President 'To Take America Down ... It Would Look Exactly Like What Barack Obama’s Doing". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved on 2015-04-17. Hewitt and Cheney discuss Obama's ongoing nuclear talks with Iran. I think this whole notion that somehow we can just say no more Muslims, just ban a whole religion, goes against everything we stand for and believe in. I wouldn't support a ban on all Muslims coming into this country. On The Hugh Hewitt Show (7 December 2015). I think what we did in Iraq was the right thing to do. I still believe that. At the Ringling College Library Association Town Hall Lecture Series in Sarasota (January 2017) If we hadn't taken down Saddam, Gaddafi would not have surrendered his materials. Now Gaddafi's gone, dead, [and] ISIS plays a significant role today in Libya, [and] they would have inherited that material,” Cheney said. “So that whole area of terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and so forth, everybody wants to say, ‘Well, there wasn’t any WMD in Iraq,’ but that's a small, small way to look at the problem. At the Ringling College Library Association Town Hall Lecture Series in Sarasota (January 2017) NATO's crucial. NATO's maybe the best, or most successful, alliance in history... To suggest that it's obsolete is not correct. It's not obsolete. A lot of our NATO allies sent troops to serve alongside ours in Afghanistan after 9/11 and a lot of European soldiers were killed supporting what essentially was our response to an attack upon the United States. At the Ringling College Library Association Town Hall Lecture Series in Sarasota (January 2017) The threat levels are going up, the dangers are increasing and our capability to deal with them has gone down because of the way the Obama administration has operated for the last eight years. At the Ringling College Library Association Town Hall Lecture Series in Sarasota (January 2017) [F]ascinating... significant movement... [P]art of the American tradition... There's something positive... when we can simultaneously swear in a new president and at the same time have a democratic process of people expressing their views. It's their right and we shouldn't be surprised by it, or annoyed by it. At the Ringling College Library Association Town Hall Lecture Series in Sarasota (January 2017) We shall never know many of the facts about the invasion [of Panama], nor shall we know the true extent of the massacre. Defense Secretary Richard Cheney claimed a death toll between five hundred and six hundred, but independent human rights groups estimated it at three thousand to five thousand, with another twenty-five thousand left homeless... Noriega was arrested, flown to Miami, and sentenced to forty years' imprisonment; at that time, he was the only person in the United States officially classified as a prisoner of war... The world was outraged by this breach of international law and by the needless destruction of a defenseless people at the hands of the most powerful military force on the planet, but few in the United States were aware of either the outrage or the crimes Washington had committed. Press coverage was very limited. A number of factors contributed to this, including government policy, White House phone calls to publishers and television executives, congress people who dared not object, lest the wimp factor become their problem, and journalists who thought the public needed heroes rather than objectivity. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever, p 6. (2001) quoted in Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, (2004) Cheney and Rumsfeld were inveterate schemers whose cynicism about going to war was exceeded only by their ineptitude in conducting it. Jacob Heilbrunn, "Why the United States Invaded Iraq" New York Times (28 July 2020) Few talk or think about Iraq these days; the media ignores this important but demolished nation. Iraq, let us recall, was the target of a major western aggression concocted by George W Bush, Dick Cheney and Britain's Tony Blair, and financed and encouraged by the Gulf oil sheikdoms and Saudi Arabia... We hear nothing about the billions of dollars of Iraqi oil being extracted by big US oil firms since 2003. Eric Margolis in The forgotten plunder of Iraq, (November 17, 2019) Recognize that Dick Cheney is the most cynical political figure to hold high office in this country since his former boss Dick Nixon. And he is perfectly willing to say what he thinks will advance him, particularly in an election season. In 1994, he was, at least in his own mind, competing for the Republican nomination for President in 1996. In 2000 of course he was competing for the vice presidency. In both cases he needed to seem to be a mainstream and responsible figure. But the real Dick Cheney, the man who was secretary of defense in 1990 and produced a secret plan for invading Iraq and capturing Saddam Hussein that was ultimately rejected by Norman Schwarzkopf and others, I don't think ever relinquished his desire to take control of Iraq and its oil. John Nichols, author of Dick: The Man Who is President, reconciling the perceived change of heart Cheney had over toppling Saddam after 9/11, CSNBC 8-18-07 One of the things that [his old professors at Yale] said is that back in 1960 he was a guy who was looking for simple ideas about the world, most of them rooting back to the idea of the United States being able to do whatever it wants without any consequences. I don't think Dick Cheney has changed at all, but I do think we often see different faces of him when he believes it is politically convenient. John Nichols, author of Dick: The Man Who is President, reconciling the perceived change of heart Cheney had over toppling Saddam after 9/11, CSNBC 8-18-07 One week into the [Gulf] war, the public mood had become unsettled and the media was becoming critical. After the success of the first day and the excitement of watching cruise missiles strike with incredible accuracy, it looked from the outside as though the war was going nowhere. "Why isn't the war over?" people were asking. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and I realized we had to act to settle things down. The point of decision for us at that moment was not in our offices or in the situation rooms monitoring the war, but down in the press room. We called a press conference where Dick gave an excellent summary of the strategic and political situation, and then I covered the military campaign. I summarized our actions during the previous week, concluding with a few sharp words detailing our strategy to kick the Iraqi army out of Kuwait: "First we are going to cut it off," I told the assembled reporters, "and then we are going to kill it." My line was picked up by all the newspapers and all the radio and TV news shows. It did the trick. It told the people out there what they needed to know. Confidence about our war aims returned. And Dick and I could leave the front lines and get back to our offices. Colin Powell, It Worked For Me: In Life and Leadership (2012), p. 58 I don't believe anyone that I know in the administration ever said that Iraq had nuclear weapons. Donald Rumsfeld, at a hearing of the Senate's appropriations subcommittee on defense, May 14, 2003 [13]; Cheney asserted that Iraq had nuclear weapons March 16 of the same year on Meet the Press. On Sept 14 of that year, Cheney said the original statement was misstatement, and that he had meant to say "reconstituted nuclear weapons program". The real anomaly in the administration is Cheney. I consider Cheney a good friend — I've known him for 30 years. But Dick Cheney I don't know anymore. Brent Scowcroft [14] Harry Whittington [clip]: My family and I are deeply sorry for all that Vice President Cheney and his family have had to go through this past week. Jon Stewart: Wow. How powerful a man do you have to be to able to shoot someone in the face and have that guy say, "My bad"? Jon Stewart, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart season 11 episode 26, 2006-02-21 regarding Vice President Dick Cheney shooting lawyer Harry Whittington while hunting quail He became vice president well before George Bush picked him. And he began to manipulate things from that point on, knowing that he was going to be able to convince this guy to pick him, knowing that he was then going to be able to wade into the vacuums that existed around George Bush — personality vacuum, character vacuum, details vacuum, experience vacuum. [15] Lawrence Wilkerson, chief of staff to Colin Powell. Clearly, he's a coward. former Reform Party governor/ Navy UDT Jesse Ventura. [16] Wikipedia has an article about: Dick Cheney Wikinews has news related to this article: Dick Cheney Wikisource has original works written by or about: Dick Cheney Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dick Cheney US Department of State The New York Times — Dick Cheney archives Vice Presidential Debate (5 October 2004): Transcript text, Audio and Video (RealPlayer or MPG format)
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Shortcut: O On the right side you can see the settings for the colour picker. Here's a short description of everything there: Sample average - set whether to pick average value from pixels within some radius (1 to 300px) of the selected point. Sample merged - set whether to merge the colour from all visible layers and pick that (i.e. to pick the colour as seen). Pick mode - modes, see below. Use info window - set whether you want to see the info window, see below. There are four modes in the colour picker tool. Here are their descriptions: Pick only - only picks a colour, doing nothing to it (information dialogue must be turned on); Set foreground colour - picked colour is used as foreground colour; Set background colour - picked colour is used as background colour; Add to palette - adds the colour to the palette, especially useful while creating palettes; Ctrl switches between Set foreground colour and Set background colour, when either of these is active. Shows an info window, with two columns of information - you can choose for both of those these options: pixel, RGB, HSV and CMYK, with pixel and RGB being active by default. Shift toggles it on and off. ← Foreground Select · Zoom Tool → ← Foreground Select · GIMP · Zoom Tool →
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Anything Goes, 1934 musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The show has been revised several times, with modifications to the script and the addition of several new songs to replace some that were considered outdated when the show reappeared on Broadway. Most of the quotes on this page are from the version of the show that opened in 1988. I get no kick from champagne. Mere alcohol doesn't thrill me at all, So tell me why it should be true That I get a kick out of you? "I Get a Kick Out of You" Some get a kick from cocaine. I'm sure that if I took even one sniff That would bore me terrifically, too, Yet, I get a kick out of you. "I Get a Kick Out of You" You're the smile On the Mona Lisa. "You're The Top" You're the top! You're the Great Houdini! You're the top! You are Mussolini! Original lyrics of "You're The Top"; these lines were later omitted. In olden days a glimpse of stocking Was looked on as something shocking But now, Heaven knows, Anything goes. "Anything Goes"; there are also variants on this line which read "But now, God knows, Anything goes", but the most common renditions are done with "Heaven knows" Good authors, too, who once knew better words Now only use four-letter words Writing prose — Anything goes. "Anything Goes" Bonnie, don't bring sex into this, it's bad enough being a minister. Without love, there is no hope. Love, Hope. Reno Sweeney: She's not confessing, she's advertising! Reno Sweeney: In olden days a glimpse of stocking was looked on as something shocking, but now, God knows, anything goes!" Reno Sweeney: Once I was headed for hell/ but when I got to Satan's door/ I heard you blowin' on your horn once more/ So I said 'Satan, farewell!' Billy Crocker: And Plum Blossom become Plum Tart! Billy Crocker: "We old poka' buddies!" Captain: It's Snake Eyes Johnson! Public Enemy number one! Erma/Bonnie: Yeah, public enemy number thirteen! Help, police! Evelyn Oakleigh: To feel "gaga" about some one means to rub his neck. Evelyn Oakleigh: “...we took an unpremeditated romp in the rice paddies, and I enjoyed it very much.” (about Plum Blossom) Evelyn Oakleigh: I say, anyone have hot pants for a game of shuffleboard? Moonface Martin: Well, what's going on in HERE?! Moonface Martin: There's something wrong here! Reno Sweeney: I don't care what you take sweetie, just as long as you get my good side. Moonface Martin: "Calling all pants! Calling all pants!" (While taking off his pants) Reno: Billy baby, where have you been?" Billy: You'll be finding out in about ten minutes. Hope: I see you've found your sea legs! Female Passangers: Can I touch your trigger finger?! Have you ever killed anyone who looks like me? Virtue (one of Reno's Angels): I just have a lot of sex appeal, that's my problem. Wikipedia has an article about: Anything Goes
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Networks are weighted graphs, their edges have associated weights with them. Networks are useful for modelling geographical problems (though they have many other uses). Networks have a walk called the minimum spanning tree which is the shortest walk that connects every node in the network via edges. There are two algorithms for producing the minimal spanning tree: Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm, by the end of this page you should be able to use both algorithms in graphical form and Prim's algorithm in tabular form. Finally you should also be able to use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest route between two points. Pick the shortest edge of the network. Pick the next shortest edge of the network that doesn't link nodes between which a path has already been established. Repeat 2, until n-1 edges have been selected (where n is the number of nodes in the network). Here's an example on Wikipedia: Kruskal's algorithm example. Pick an arbitrary node. Connect that node to its nearest node by an edge. Now connect the nearest node that isn't already connected to the walk you're forming. Repeat 3 until all nodes have been connected. Example: Graphical run of Prim's algorithm. Networks can be represented in tabular form where distances are recorded between nodes. Select an arbitrary node X. Delete row X. Look for smallest value in column X, read which node it belongs to, this is your new node Y. Delete row Y. Look for smallest value in column X and Y, then go to 3, repeat until network is connected. Example: Tabular run of Prim's algorithm. Permanent labels (P-labels) are depicted by a value contained in a box. Temporary labels (T-labels) are depicted by a value with no box. Step 1 Label start node S with a P-label of 0. For all nodes reachable from S, assign a T-label equal to their direct distances from S. Select the node with the smallest T-label value, make this a P-label, this label marks the shortest distance from S to that node Step 2 Put a T-label on each node that can be reached directly from the node that has just been marked with a P-label. The T-label should be equal to the sum of the P-label and the direct distance from it. If there is an existing T-label at a node, it should be replaced if the new sum is smaller. Select the minimum T-label and make it permanent. If this labels the destination node continue, else repeat step 2. Step 3 Trace back from the current node (the destination node) to the start node including any edge MN where (P-label of M) - (P-lalbel of N) = length of arc MN. Example: Find the shortest route between S and T using Dijkstra's algorithm.
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This is a new, contributed topic on Quantum Algebraic Topology. Quantum algebraic topology can be described as the area of mathematical physics and physical mathematics concerned with the application of algebraic topology concepts, procedures and results to quantum theories such as quantum field theories (QFT, AQFT, locally covariant relativististic quantum theories and quantum gravity (QG)). QAT has close connections to several other fundamental fields of mathematics, such as: noncommutative geometry (NCG), the theory of categories, functors and natural transformations (TCFN), non-Abelian algebraic topology (NAAT), and higher dimensional algebra (HDA). Related references are available at the websites and documents in the following topics list. \item QAT: Quantum Algebraic Topology-preprint. AT: Algebraic Topology papers NAAT: A first textbook on "Non-Abelian Algebraic Topology" QA: Quantum automata and quantum supercomputers NAQAT: Non-Abelian QAT NAAT-List: Category Theory, Homotopy Theory and AT Publications SPE: Stanford Plato: Category Theory and Applications Abc Abstracts1: Springer link Abstracts2: Springer link CERN Preprint Archives: CERN Preprints-1 CERN Articles and Preprint Archives: CERN Preprints-2 QAT1 QAT2 A3
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The sentence ending particles (終助詞, しゅうじょし) are placed, unsurprisingly, at the end of sentences and apply to it as a whole. These include for example the question marker, か, and a host of others that express the speaker's emotions. Used mostly in speech. Question mark, used to indicate the sentence is a question. Note that か replaces だ instead of appearing after it, so you can either omit the copula at all, or use a full form (で ある). The particle may also follow question pronouns with the meaning of some as in someone: An emphatic question mark (mostly expresses reconfirmation or surprise): An explanation particle, often indicates that the statement is intended to explain something or to provide information: Polite and expresses the speaker's desire to receive confirmation (rising intonation), or the speaker's agreement (falling intonation). Often translated as "isn't it so", "don't you think so" or "don't you agree with me". Also used as a polite or friendly sentence ending. Some people end virtually every sentence with "ね". Also works as "phrase softener", i.e., it makes the phrase sound softer. Lengthening the syllable makes it more emphatic. The lengthening is usually indicated with a tilde: Used when providing new information that a speaker has, or like an exclamation mark, also for commands and invitations: Similar to よ but more objective. Often used as a shout, a call and a yell (not limited to male speakers). Informal, used when expressing a personal emotion or desire. (A few speakers tend to prefer using "な" instead of "ね" but deprecated) な can indicate prohibition when placed after action-verbs(present tense). In direct speech, this sounds rude and angry. Indicate that speaker is not sure about something. Sometimes seen as catchphrases, but rather old-fashioned, thus used only in a sportive talking . Also sometimes used as a vulgar よ. Declares a personal thought. Almost similar to よ but expresses fewer attention: Filler particle, used to draw attention with a pause (unlike よ, not implying any command or new information is communicated):
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The difference between a scenery object and a moving wagon are basically two things. First we need to tell Trainz how long it is so it knows where to put the next wagon or loco, we also need to tell Trainz where the bogeys are so it can go round bends correctly. Trainz uses specially named attachment points for this. The front is marked by a.limfront the back by a.limback the first bogey is a.bog0 the second a.bog1. The second is in the config.txt file. The advantage of creating a moving house is you can use the existing house tutorials since much of the work is exactly the same. We can soon change the shape of the house to more closely resemble a wagon or loco at a later date. The first step is to add a.limfront: add empty. Note the properties tab, if you can't see it press "N" After creation. Now change the name in the properties tab to a.limfront, the y location to -3 meters, the Z location to .89 meters. D, clones a.limfront. In the properties tab change the clone's name to a.limback. Change the y location to 3 meters. Clone again to create a.bog0, change the name, y=-2, z=0. Repeat for a.bog1, change the name, y=2, z=0. This image shows the outliner. Select it on the left, if nothing is visible place the mouse in the window, to make it full screen, then to make it a window once more. Note the selected item is highlighted in the outliner. You can select items directly from the outliner and it has the advantage that the object will not be moved by a mouse movement. Save the file and export it in the same way as you exported the original house. I use body.xml to export a body.im file. Download KUID: 86627:1792 from the DLS, this is the cylinder wagon used in the cylinder texture tutorial. Clone it. Open for edit in explorer. Copy the body.im file together with the texture file "terrace one.tga" and "terrace one.texture.txt" into the cloned folder. "terrace one.texture.txt" is a special file that is referenced in the body.im file and contains information about the texture file "terrace one.texture.txt" for Trainz. Edit config.txt file in notepad and change the mesh to the new name. mesh-table { default { mesh "body.im" auto-create 1 } } We need to change the name to something different so for the moment add a 2 on the end in both name lines. Save the changes. Commit then go into Surveyor. Look for cylinder wagon 2 and place a couple behind a loco. Go into driver and drive off. Congratulations you've created a wagon. We can clean it up a bit. Delete the cylinder.im files and cylinder texture files. Make it a bit more wagon like by going back into Blender, first delete the roof. Now adjust the properties tab to make the house 5 meters long in the y, .1 meter in the Z dimension and 2.3 meters in the x dimension. We want to raise it above the track so set the Z location to 1 meter. Change the location of a.limfront and a.limback to define the wagon's length. The simplest bogey to use is the one already in the config.txt file that uses a.bog2 so clone a.bog0, rename it a.bog2 and locate it at z=.5 meters. We want sides on our wagon so D, , change the name to side1 change the z dimension to 1 meter, change the x dimension to .1 meter and displace it to one side so location X=1.1 meters, we need to raise it so location Z=1.5 meters. Repeat for the other side and two ends. You may need to adjust the size and location of the base, and sides. Export your wagon. By now we are getting closer to a real wagon. Basically all you have to do now is get a better texture file with wagon like textures and adjust things like author's name etc. in the config.txt file.
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Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. The development of printing was preceded by the use of cylinder seals in Mesopotamia developed in 3500 BC, and other related stamp seals. The earliest form of printing was woodblock printing, with existing examples from China dating to before 220 AD and Egypt to the 4th century. Later developments in printing include the movable type, first developed by Bi Sheng in China, and the printing press, a more efficient printing process developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of Movable Types was disbanding hired Armies and cashiering most Kings and Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented the Art of printing. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), Book I, Chapter V. Transforms old print To zigzag manuscript, and cheats the eyes Of gallery critics by a thousand arts. William Cowper, The Task (1785), Book II. The Time Piece, line 363. It is remarkable that whilst the Doctors of the Sorbonne were urging Francis the First absolutely to suppress printing even as late as 1533 and whilst this enlightened monarch had actually issued letters-patent January 3 1535 prohibiting under pain of death any person to print any book or books, and ordering all booksellers' shops to be closed under the same penalty, the Jews should have hailed with delight this invention as a Divine gift and sung its praises because it enabled them to multiply and circulate the word of God. David Christian Ginsburg Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible, p. 779 The discovery of the art of Printing unbarred afresh the gates of Heaven, and let in that flood of light, of knowledge, and of wisdom, which enabled men to emancipate themselves again from the slavery of superstition—to take their proper place in the ranks of created beings—and in ennobling themselves, in gradually exalting their understandings and amending their hearts, to pay at length the worthiest homage to the goodness of their common Parent, and prove themselves to be—as the Almighty himself originally formed them—inferior only to the Angels. Sir William Hamilton, The History of Medicine, Surgery, and Anatomy, from the Creation of the World, to the Commencement of the Nineteenth Century (1831) Vol. 1 After the birth of printing books became widespread. Hence everyone throughout Europe devoted himself to the study of literature... Every year, especially since 1563, the number of writings published in every field is greater than all those produced in the past thousand years. Through them there has today been created a new theology and a new jurisprudence; the Paracelsians have created medicine anew and the Copernicans have created astronomy anew. I really believe that at last the world is alive, indeed seething, and that the stimuli of these remarkable conjunctions did not act in vain. Johannes Kepler, De Stella Nova, On the New Star (1606), Johannes Kepler Gesammelte Werke (1937- ), Vol. 1, 330-2. Quoted in N. Jardine, The Birth of History and Philosophy of Science: Kepler's A Defence of Tycho Against Ursus With Essays on its Provenance and Significance (1984), 277-8. Every school boy and school girl who has arrived at the age of reflection ought to know something about the history of the art of printing, papermaking, and so forth. ... All children will work better if pleased with their tools; and there are no tools more ingeniously wrought, or more potent than those which belong to the art of the printer. Dynasties and governments used to be attacked and defended by arms; now the attack and the defence are mainly carried on by types. To sustain any scheme of state policy, to uphold one administration or to demolish another, types, not soldiers, are brought into line. Hostile parties, and sometimes hostile nations, instead of fitting out martial or naval expeditions, establish printing presses, and discharge pamphlets or octavoes at each other, instead of cannon balls. The poniard and the stiletto were once the resource of a murderous spirit; now the vengeance, which formerly would assassinate in the dark, libels character, in the light of day, through the medium of the press. But through this instrumentality good can be wrought as well as evil. Knowledge can be acquired, diffused, perpetuated. An invisible, inaudible, intangible thought in the silent chambers of the mind, breaks away from its confinement, becomes imbodied in a sign, is multiplied by myriads, traverses the earth, and goes resounding down to the latest posterity. Horace Mann "Printing and Paper Making" in The Common School Journal Vol. V, No. 3 (1 February 1843) Though an angel should write, still 'tis devils must print. Thomas Moore, The Fudge Family in England (1835), Letter III. Thou hast most traitorously corrupted the youth of the realm in erecting a grammar school: and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the score and the tally, thou hast caused printing to be used, and, contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, thou hast built a paper-mill. William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part II (c. 1590-91), Act IV, scene 7, line 35. Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 633-34. Memoriæ sacrum Typographia Ars artium omnium Conservatrix Hic primum inventa Circa annum MCCCCXL. Sacred to the memory of printing, the art preservative of all arts. This was first invented about the year 1440. Inscription on the façade of the house once occupied by Laurent Koster at Harlem. "The art preservative of all arts," probably taken from this. I'll print it, And shame the fools. Alexander Pope, Prologue to Satires, line 61. The jour printer with gray head and gaunt jaws works at his case, He turns his quid of tobacco, while his eyes blur with the manuscript. Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, Part XV, Stanza 77. Wikipedia has an article about: Printing Look up printing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Friday, August 26, 2011 Russia Related articles 5 July 2021: Ransomware attack hits over 200 US companies, forces Swedish grocery chain to close 29 May 2021: Austrian Airlines cancels Moscow-bound flight after Russia refuses a reroute outside Belarusian airspace 20 March 2021: Russian ambassador to US recalled over President Biden's comments 23 February 2021: Seven Russians infected with H5N8 bird flu; first cases reported in humans 19 February 2021: Serbian Orthodox Church elects new Patriarch Porfirije Location of Russia Collaborate! Pillars of Wikinews writing Writing an article Retired Russian police officer Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov has been detained in Moscow, accused of involvement in Novaya Gazeta journalist Anna Politkovskaya’s death. A former Police Lieutenant Colonel, he has been accused of planning Politkovskaya’s murder, hiring a hitman and supplying them with the weapon that killed her. Pavlyuchenkov was a witness in the murder trial. Pavlyuchenkov was also a former chief of the fourth division of the Moscow City Police Operational Search Department. He is suspected of hiring someone to kill Politkovskaya while still serving as a Police Officer. Politkovskaya was killed after returning to her Moscow apartment building from a grocery store on October 7, 2006. She was an investigative journalist, who was critical of the Kremlin and Chechen authorities. Her death received international attention. Her work for Novaya Gazeta, an oppositional newspaper in Russia, won her international awards. In May, Rustam Makhmudov was arrested as suspected gunman, but later acquitted. His two brothers and a retired police officer were put on trial in 2009 for the murder but were acquitted due to lack of evidence. They were accused of playing a minor role in the murder. This arrest does not name or address who killed Politkovskaya. "Retired Russian police officer arrested on suspicion of organizing killing of Politkovskaya" — The Washington Post, August 24, 2011 "Suspected mastermind of Politkovskaya murder arrested" — The voice of Russia, August 24, 2011 "Ex-police chief detained in Politkovskaya murder case" — Russia Today, August 24, 2011 "Politkovskaya murder: Russian ex-policeman arrested" — BBC News, August 23, 2011 Daisy Sindelar. "Former Officer Detained In Politkovskaya Murder Case" — Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, August 23, 2011
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Introduction: Introduction - Grammar - Orthography - I-mutation Grammar: Nouns - Pronouns - Articles - Adjectives - Numbers - Verbs - Participles - Adverbs - Conjunctions - Prepositions - Interjections - Appositives - Word Formation - Old English has many prepositions, and like German, they require certain cases of noun to come after them to complete their meaning. Old English has 4 cases other than nominative (subject) case which can be objects of prepositions. The genitive, dative, instrumental, and accusative cases can all be objects of prepositions. Prepositions are used to make a sentence more descriptive. This preposition means 'with', as in: I went with him - ic ēode mid him. I traveled along with her - ic fōr mid hire. This means 'to,' as in: I spoke to him - ic spræc tō him. I go to the door - ic gā tō þǣre dura. This means 'through,' as in: I go through the gate - ic gā þurh þæt geat. This preposition governs the accusative case. Now, there are a great deal of prepositions in Old English, so going through them by case governed will be helpful. Genitive prepositions that only take the genitive case are rare, and there is only one true such preposition, andlang. alongside, along, on length, by the side of I go alongside the street - ic gā andlang(es) þǣre strǣte. I go by the side of the way - ic gā andlang(es) þæs ƿeges. There are several prepositions which do take genitive objects in addition to other cases: betƿēonan (dative/accusative too) innan (dative/accusative too) - within, from within þurh (mainly accusative) where there is motion towards the object governed by the word without the idea of hostility, towards, so as to meet with idea of hostility, against, to meet where there is motion of the object governed by the word without idea of opposition, in the way of, to meet the approach of, in readiness for, against the coming of with the idea of opposition, against, for the purpose of resisting marking the object towards or against which an action is directed of reciprocal action, again, in return marking time, on the approach of, towards marking comparison or contrast There are several pure accusative prepositions, among the most common are geond, geondan, oþ, þurh, underneoðan, ƿiþgeondan, ymb, ymbūtan. Some of these prepositions can take other cases, but only rarely. There are also some less common prepositions, which will be listed below with the others. throughout, during beyond to, up to, as far as through, during right through, throughout hē ēode þurhūt Ēoforƿīc - he went throughout York underneath, below beyond around, about, at around, about on, about, around, around about, on the outside (variant of onbūtan) dative - in rest in, within - innan healle within a hall motion in, within - hé éode innan þǽm mynstre he went within the monastery time within the limits of a period, in; híe ƿendon innan þǽre middanƿintres tíde they went within the limits of midwinter time accusative - into about place time about All Saint's Day or later onbūtan Ealra Hālgena dæg and gīet lator with, in conjunction with, in company with, together with through, by means of Place Prepositions Time Prepositions Manner Prepositions Relation Prepositions
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Stuart Little is a 1999 family film, based on the novel of the same name by E. B. White. It combines live-action and computer animation. It was directed by Rob Minkoff and written by M. Night Shyamalan and Greg Brooker. Michael J. Fox is the voice of Stuart Little. Geena Davis and Hugh Laurie star as Eleanor and Frederick Little, with Jonathan Lipnicki as Stuart's big brother George Little and Nathan Lane as the voice of the family cat Snowbell. The film was released on December 17, 1999. Hey, Smokey! His name is Snowbell! Maybe "family" is too strong a word. This water's damn cold! Beaten by a mouse and his pet cat! What could be worse?! [Smokey runs off into the distance when a pack of wild dogs begin to chase him] Nice doggie! NO! NOOO! [Snowbell tries to eat Stuart.] Eleanor: [to Snowbell] WHOA! SNOWBELL...! DROP HIM RIGHT NOW! Frederick: [to Snowbell] YOU SPIT OUT STUART THIS INSTANT, SNOWBELL! SPIT HIM RIGHT OUT! [Snowbell spits out Stuart.] Eleanor: [to Stuart] Stuart? Are you okay? [After Snowbell immediately drops Stuart.] Stuart: Wait...! [Stuart checks his tail --which is in one piece, and sighed in relief.) Stuart: I am fine. [Mr. Frederick Little picks up Snowbell. Then he and Mrs. Eleanor Little comfort him about eating Stuart.] Frederick: [calmly to Snowbell] You must never harm Stuart. Eleanor: NEVER OR OUT YOU GO MR. SNOW! [What Mrs. Eleanor Little means by that is Snowbell must never harm Stuart or he goes out of the house forever. And he might be expelled from living with the family for good.] Frederick: Stuart is one of the family now. And we do not eat family members. Stuart: [to Snowbell] Can I scratch your ears? I could rub your tummy. Snowbell: [threateningly] HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO RUB IT FROM THE INSIDE, MOUSE BOY?! Mrs. Keeper: Mr. and Mrs. Little, we try to discourage couples from adopting outside of their own... species. It rarely works out. Stuart: Snow, where are you going? Snowbell: Oh. I got to stare at traffic, yawn, lick myself. And believe me, that could take hours if you do it right. Ciao. Eleanor: Is he going to be alright? Dr. Beechwood: Well, a lad that size swallowing all that (laundry) detergent. Amazingly, I think he's going to be fine. Also, he's very clean. George: Are you all nuts?? Bicycles and bowling balls? How's he gonna toss a baseball? How's he gonna be able to do any of those things? He's not my brother. He's a mouse. George: Maybe we should go home. Frederick: Why? George: I'm not wearing my lucky underwear. Frederick: You don't have lucky underwear. George: Well, maybe we should get some and come back for another race. Monty: Aren't you gonna run? Stuart: Why? Monty: Because you're a mouse. Stuart: I'm not just a mouse. I'm a member of this family. Snowbell: [groaning] Monty: (confused) A mouse with a pet cat? (rolls over and laughs out loud, repeating that line over again) A MOUSE WITH A PET CAT!!! (continued laughing) Stuart: I guess that is pretty funny! Monty: Pretty funny? I'm gonna wet my fur! [laughs hard more, and Stuart laughed along with him. He looks down at Snowbell, who is embarrassed] Your new little master? Wait until the boys hear all about this! Snowbell: [embarrassed] Oh, the humiliation... [to Stuart] I'm gonna kill you! Stuart: Oh, dear! Snowbell: Come back here! [after a few chases, and ending up in the garbage can] Alright, no more Mr. Nice Kitty. You! Stuart: Aaah! [runs off into George's basement] [After it is revealed that the Stouts lied about being Stuart's real parents] Snowbell: They know about the Stouts! They know about the Stouts! The jig is up! What're we gonna do?! Monty: Hey, get ahold of yourself. Snowbell: This is very-- I'm in big--! I'm in DEEP POOPY-DOO! Monty: Calm down, calm down. Don't get your fur in a bunch. All we need is a new plan. Smokey: We do what we should've done in the first place; We scratch him out. Monty: Scratch him out? Snowbell: But Smokey, the police are involved! I don't wanna get kicked out of my house! I'm not a street cat, I'm a house cat! I don't wanna lose my furry basket or my tinkle-ball that I push along the floor with my nose! Monty: Snow, buddy, pull yourself together. Smokey: It's settled. Stuart Little get scratched tonight. [At the golf course house, Reginald wakes Stuart up] Reginald: Stuart, wake up. Stuart: Huh? Reginald: Get dressed. Stuart: Why? Reginald: Uh, we’re taking you for a ride. Stuart: Where we’re going? Reginald: Some friends of ours have gathered just to meet you. Stuart: A gathering? What should I wear? Reginald: It doesn’t matter. Wear anything. Stuart: Is it formal? Reginald: Just put something on! Camille: [starts crying] Stuart: Why's Mom crying? Mom? I'm not angry at you for putting me up for adoption. Camille: [still crying] Stuart: And now that I'm a Stout again, I'll always be here to take care of you. Because that's what families do. Mom, they, they take care of each other. [Camille finishes crying as she passes Reginald, who's holding her purse. She snatches the purse from her husband's hands, then smacks it on his side.] Reginald: Ow! Camille: [shouts] TELL HIM THE TRUTH!! Lucky: Bad news! The Stouts squealed. Smokey: I knew those mice were rats. Lucky: The kid's on his way home. What do we do? Smokey: No problem. He's gotta go through the park, right? Let's meet him there and have ourselves a little "picnic". Lucky: [starts to leave] Great! I'll bring herring! Smokey: Hey, hey, moron! The mouse is the picnic! Lucky: Oh... [Smokey meets Stuart in Central Park] Smokey: How you doin'? You must be Stuart. Stuart: Actually, I must be going. [gets into his car] Lucky: What's your hurry, Murray? Red: Yeah, where ya goin', Murray-- uh, Stuart? [Stuart speeds off] Snowbell: Didn't your mothers warn you not to go into Central Park at night? Smokey: My mother was the reason you didn't go into Central Park at night! Red: Yeah, you tell 'em, Smokey! [Snowbell sits Stuart down on a branch] Stuart: Snowbell, you saved me? Snowbell: Yeah, yeah. Look, let's get one thing straight. I'm doing this for the Littles. They love you. George loves you. They're all miserable without you. Stuart: But, Snowbell, you said-- Snowbell: I know what I said, I... I lied, okay? Welcome to Manhattan. I'm the one that hates you. Stuart: Oh, Snowbell. You do care! [hugs his front leg] Snowbell: Ugh. Yeah, yeah, okay. Okay, that's enough. Monty: [arriving with the other cats] Snow, what's he doin' to your leg? I can't help but think this is wrong. Smokey: What the hell's goin' on here? Snowbell: Uh, look, Smokey, uh, call me fickle, but... I want to call this whole thing off, okay? Smokey: Too late. Snowbell: Come on, Smokey, can't we talk it over? See, Stuart's not so bad once you get to know him, and he's got his own car. Smokey: Careful, house cat. You're askin' for it. Monty: Snow, what are you doin'? Come on, he's just a mouse. Snowbelll: He's not just a mouse. He's-- He's-- He's family. Smokey: Oh, yeah! [laughing hysterically] I could see the resemblance! [he and the other cats laugh hysterically] Stuart: [angrily] Is that what you think? You have to look alike to be family? [the cats abruptly stop laughing] You don't have to look alike. You don't even have to like each other. Look at Snowbell: he hates me. And still, he's tryin' to save me. Sure, you'll probably scratch him up pretty bad, you'd tear him to shreds; you may even kill him... [Snowbell gulps] ...but Snowbell will not run away, and that is what family is all about. Right...Snow? Snowbell: [chuckles nervously] Maybe "family"'s too strong a word. Smokey: Scratch 'em both! Snowbell: Both?! [Stuart unbuckles Snowbell's collar] Stuart: Hey, it's me you want. Come and get me. Smokey: Say good night...Tinkerbell. [Snowbell gulps] Stuart: Hey, Smokey! His name is Snowbell! [lets go of the tree branch he is holding onto; it flies up and hits Smokey in the face, knocking him off his own branch and sending him falling into the river] Smokey: [falling] AAAAAAAAARRRRRRRRGGHHHHHHHHHH! [Stuart rides Snowbell home] Stuart: You know, Snow, I don't know how to thank you. Snowbell: How about not kicking me in the sides? I'm beginning to bruise. Stuart: Sorry. I was getting excited, I've never ridden a cat bareback before. Snowbell: Well, don't get used to it. Michael J. Fox as Stuart Little (voice) Geena Davis as Eleanor Little Hugh Laurie as Frederick Little Jonathan Lipnicki as George Little Nathan Lane as Snowbell Little (voice) Chazz Palminteri as Smokey (voice) Steve Zahn as Monty (voice) Jeffrey Jones as Crenshaw Little Connie Ray as Tina Little Allyce Beasley as Beatrice Little Brian Doyle-Murray as Edgar Little Estelle Getty as Estelle Little Harold Gould as Spencer Little Julia Sweeney as Mrs. Keeper Jon Polito as Detective Sherman Jim Doughan as Detective Allen / Lucky (voice) David Alan Grier as Red (voice) Bruno Kirby as Reginald Stout (voice) Jennifer Tilly as Camille Stout (voice) Stan Freberg as Race Announcer (voice) Wikipedia has an article about: Stuart Little (film)
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Friday, June 24, 2011 Rwanda Related articles 17 November 2015: Rwandan Senate approves constitutional change allowing third term for Kagame 9 September 2015: Rwandan Supreme Court agrees to hear case on allowing third presidential term 26 September 2013: 2012 Report on Gender Equality and Development credits Icelandic parental policy with 'hopeful' changes 25 September 2013: 2012 Report on Gender Equality and Development looks at women's issues in India 3 September 2012: Slovenia goes down to China in their final sitting volleyball game in pool play at London Paralympics Location of Rwanda Collaborate! Pillars of Wikinews writing Writing an article A United Nations court today convicted a woman, a former minister in the Rwandan government, for her role in the 1994 genocide in the ethnic war between the Tutsi and the Hutu peoples. Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, 65, was found guilty of seven charges including publicly inciting genocide and rape, and conspiracy to commit genocide "as part of a widespread and systematic attack against a civilian population on political, ethnic and racial grounds," said the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), a UN backed court in Arusha, Tanzania. Nyiramasuhuko, who was the Rwandan of Minister of Family and Women's Affairs in Juvénal Habyarimana's government in 1994 when about 800,000 mostly ethnic Tutsis were killed, was convicted and sentenced to life in prison today. Her son, Arsene Shalom Ntahobali, a militia leader charged with crimes against humanity, war crimes, and rape, was also convicted and sentenced to life. Four local officials were found guilty on genocide charges and given prison sentences ranging from 25 years to life. According to prosecutor Holo Makwaia, Nyiramasuhuko intended to "destroy in whole or in part the Tutsi ethnic group in Butare". Following the genocide, she fled Rwanda and was arrested in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1997. Presiding Judge William Sekule read the judgment: "Many were physically assaulted, raped and taken away to various places in Butare, where they were killed. During the course of these repeated attacks on vulnerable civilians, both Nyiramasuhuko and Ntahobali ordered killings. They also ordered rapes. Ntahobali further committed rapes and Nyiramasuhuko aided and abetted rapes." Nyiramasuhuko is the first woman convicted of genocide by the ICTR, which was established in 1994 after approximately 800,000 Tutsis and politically moderate Hutus were massacred during the genocide. "Rwandan army officer sentenced to 25 years for genocide" — Wikinews, February 26, 2010 "Rwandan genocide suspect arrested in Uganda" — Wikinews, October 6, 2009 Associated Press. "Rwandan ex-minister becomes first woman convicted of genocide" — The Guardian, June 24, 2011 "Ex-Rwanda minister jailed for life on genocide and rape counts" — CNN World, June 24, 2011 "Mother and son convicted of genocide by international court" — International Business Times, June 24, 2011 "Rwanda: Ex-women's minister guilty of genocide, rape" — BBC, 24 June 2011 Ng'wanakilala, Fumbuka. "UPDATE 1-Woman minister guilty of genocide in Rwanda" — Reuters Africa, 24 June 2011 "First woman to be charged with genocide sentenced to life in prison" — The Daily Telegraph, 24 June 2011 Wikipedia has more about this subject: Rwandan Genocide
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Cookbook | Ingredients | Recipes | American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Dessert Instant Chocolate Mousse is a dessert composed primarily of cocoa powder, coffee, and whipped cream. Unlike some other chocolate mousse recipes, this one does not require melted chocolate or eggs. 1⁄2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder 1⁄4 cup plus 2 tablespoons hot brewed coffee Pinch of salt 1 pint heavy cream (also called whipping cream) 2⁄3 cup powdered sugar 1 ounce kirsch (cherry brandy), chocolate brandy, or coffee liqueur 6 chocolate cups or shells Small chocolate bar (for garnish) 6 maraschino cherries In a medium bowl, whisk together the cocoa powder, coffee, and salt. It should whisk easily and have the consistency of melted chocolate. If it is too thick, whisk in another tablespoon of coffee. Set aside. In a large bowl, use an electric mixer on medium-high to whip the cream for 1 minute. Add the powdered sugar and whip for another minute. Add the kirsch and coffee-cocoa powder mixture. Whip on high until stiff peaks form, about another minute. Spoon the mousse into a medium plastic bag and twist the top closed. Use scissors to snip off one corner (about 1⁄2 inch up). Arrange the chocolate cups on serving plates. If the cups don't sit flat, place a dollop of mousse under them. Squeeze the bag to pipe the mousse into the chocolate cups. Use a vegetable peeler to shave the chocolate bar over the mousse-filled cups, letting some of the shavings scatter on the plate. Top each mousse with a cherry. Refrigerate if not eating immediately.
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The following is a critique of the research article Exercise for PTSD in Women Veterans: A Proof-of-Concept Study published in Military Medicine, 2017 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a group of stress reactions that can develop after witnessing a traumatic event. Soldiers are at an increased risk for developing PTSD depending on the severity of combat exposure and whether they have a genetic predisposition for developing PTSD. Physical activity has been found to have a positive impact on mental health and psychological well-being. It has been found to have an impact on depression and anxiety and could potentially be used as a treatment alternative to pharmacotherapy. Over the years there has been an increase in the number of women joining the defence. There has also been an increase in the number of roles in which women can work within the defence, with 88% of job categories open to women. The Australian defence force has a 14.2% participation of women in both permanent and reserve forces. Additionally, the number of women being deployed has increased, thus increasing the number of Female veterans with mental health diagnoses. This study was conducted in America within the Dallas VA Medical Centres kinesiotherapy clinic. The research was published in the Journal of Military Medicine in 2017. The sample of female veterans that was used for this study were recruited through flyers and posters as well as clinical referrals. A selection and exclusion criteria were provided to select participants that matched requirements of the study. Numerous other studies have been conducted on the correlation between PTSD symptoms and physical exercise. This research is classified as an observational study as researchers did not intervene with participants, but made observations through subjective self-questionaries. This study is also a prospective study as it has a baseline collected at the beginning of the study and at various points over time during the study. This studies structure is used to determine the relationship between physical activity and PTSD. The study intervention consisted of a 12-week aerobic exercise program, the exercise sessions took place at a kinesiotherapy clinic. Participants completed 30/40 min of brisk walking, 4 days a week for a total of 12-weeks. Each exercise session consisted of a 3-5 min warmup, before advancing into the walking pace. Participants completed 2 home-based sessions per week. Participants were instructed to document their exercise duration and intensity in an exercise log, which was reviewed by a research staff weekly. Participants were also wearing pedometers during waking hours to monitor general activity level. Exercise intensity was measured using a subjective scale, the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) measure. Participants were asked to rate their level of exertion using RPE for each exercise session. At baseline, participants were administered the CAPS to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD and measure symptom severity. Participants were re-administered the CAPS, PCL, IDS-SR, Q-LES-Q, and pain measure one month after the 12-week exercise protocol. The authors found that the exercise completers had significant improvement in their overall PTSD symptoms. The table below shows a summary of the PTSD symptoms throughout the 12-week exercise program: CAPS - Clinical administered PTSD Scale, PCL - PTSD Checklist, IDS-SR - Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Q-LES-Q - Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire. According to the results it would indicate that exercise had a significant impact on all PTSD symptoms. It was found that the depression symptoms of PTSD was most significantly impacted by the exercise program. Based on the evidence provided by the authors exercise has been found to be effective in the treatment of PTSD in female veterans. It has also shows that exercise had the most significant impact on the depression symptoms associated with PTSD. The results of this study found results similar to those achieved by others conducting studies into the effect of physical activity and PTSD. Despite evidence that exercise reduces symptoms of PTSD, further investigation is needed to explore the efficacy of exercise in a larger and more generalisable study sample and in randomised controlled trials. Further research should also be conducted to investigate the optimal exercise activity for reducing PTSD symptoms. Whilst the optimal exercise activity is unknown, any form of exercise within the current physical activity guidelines will likely be able to decrease PTSD symptoms. As PTSD has a broad range of symptoms it is often treated with a combination of psychological and physical treatments. The addition of exercise into PTSD treatment plans, is inexpensive and may help decrease the depressive symptoms associated with PTSD. It is important to develop an exercise program with the help of an exercise professional, in order to reduce the risk of injury. If you or someone you know has served in the military and/or has been suffering from PTSD, there are many support services to provide the help needed. Talking to your GP can help create a treatment plan and begin to manage the symptoms of PTSD. Below are a couple of links to support service that can provide help to those that are suffering from PTSD. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Beyond Blue Women Defence Mental Health Defence Wellbeing Booklet Shivakumar, G. et al. (2017) ‘Exercise for PTSD in Women Veterans: A Proof-of-Concept Study’ Military Medicine vol 182(11-12) pp 1809-1814 Friedman, M. et al. (1994) ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Military Veteran’ Psychiatric clinics of North America vol 17(2) pp265-277 Fontaine, K. (2000) ‘Physical activity improves mental health’ The Physician and Sportsmedicine vol 28(10) pp 83-84 Manger, T. et al. (2005) ‘The impact of an exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression’ International Journal Emergency Mental Health vol 7(1) pp 49-57 Parliament of Australia. (2021) ‘Women in the armed forces: the role of women in the Australian Defence Force’ Available at:https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/womenarmed Babson, K. et al. (2015) ‘The interactive role of exercise and sleep on veteran recovery from symptoms of PTSD’ Mental Health and Physical Activity vol 8 pp 15-20
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Just what does the human mind do when it thinks? Here we must conjecture a little. Thinking seems to occur on several levels. (The term “level” will be used to distinguish one kind of mental activity from another. These thinking activities overlap, and are not actually separate and distinct. They could be described as different "modes of thought,” but separating the process into three “levels” aids explanation.) Before we begin, let us distinguish what happens autonomically—the brain’s control of body functions mentioned in section one. As has been stated, what the brain does reflexively is not really considered to be thinking. For example when confronting danger, the body prepares for flight or fight - the pulse races, the lungs ventilate, the digestion is suspended, the stomach and bowels may be emptied (hence such expressions as sick with worry and frightened shitless). These emotional responses are fast and dirty survival mechanisms. Except insofar as they affect mood and thus rational thinking we will mostly ignore this kind of uncontrollable activity. Return to Thinking, Introduction First-Level Thinking—Awareness It may help some to use the word “consciousness” instead of the word “thinking” when reading this section. I have chosen to use “thinking” because I wish to emphasize differences (“levels” of thinking) that are harder to separate when using the word “consciousness.” (Consciousness is further, although briefly, discussed in a postscript to this chapter, Consciousness And Conscience.)
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Yanai (柳井市 Yanai-shi) is a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture approximately 70 km southwest of Hiroshima. While not a major tourist destination, Yanai offers a variety of sites and activities that make this a good day trip from Miyajima or Hiroshima. Yanai can be reached via the JR Sanyo Rail from Hiroshima (Westbound) or Tokuyama (Eastbound). Travelers on the shinkansen must disembark at either JR Tokuyama Station or Hiroshima Station. Regular ferry services connects Yanai by way of Yanai Minato JR Station to Mitsu, a suburb of Matsuyama (Ehime) and Beppu (Oita). Yanai can be reached by exiting the Sanyo Expressway at Kuga and proceeding Southbound on Prefectural Road 70. Yanai's most famous attribute is the charming and picturesque Shirakabe No Machi located approximately 1 km north of the Yanai JR station. Most of the homes and buildings in the district date back to the Edo Period (1600-1867). There are many shops specializing in local handicrafts as well as a locally famous Soy Sauce factory. Located in Shirakabe no Machi is the large and culturally important House of Kunimori Family. the house, built in the late 18th century is a good example of a typical merchant class residence from the mid-Edo period. Admission is ¥200 for adults and ¥100 for children. A much larger museum and old merchant residence is Muroyama no Sono. The residence was constructed by the Oda family around 1702 from revenues generated from the family's control of the lucrative rapeseed oil trade in Western Japan. The complex, which has been faithfully preserved, includes several warehouses and ancestral home that showcase various antiques from the Edo period as well as items from the Meiji and Showa eras. An elderly man, who is a descendant of the Oda family, is the curator and can provide a wonderful insight into the building and many of its contents. Admission fee is ¥350 for adults and ¥200 for children. The museum is open from 09:00-17:00 every day except Wednesdays. The Shoko-an Temple grounds hosts a small well with nearby willow tree that is reputed to be the origin of name of Yanai (Well of the Willow Tree in Japanese). According to legend, a princess traveling through the region 1400 years ago is said to have briefly stopped at the well to quench her thirst. A toothpick discarded near the well during this brief stop is said to have grown into the large willow tree that is now there. 33.981499132.0903551 Yamaguchi Flower Land (やまぐちフラワーランド), Shinjo 500-1 (Near the hills NW of Yanai), ☏ +81 820-24-1187. 33.9395891132.12573382 Southern Baths and Marine Park (サザンセト伊保庄マリンパーク), ☏ +81 820-22-2111. Yanai has several unique local festivals each year. Paper Goldfish Festival (金魚提灯祭り Kingyo Chōchin Matsuri). Aug 13. The festival is in honor of Yanai's most famous and noteworthy product: the goldfish lantern. Various teams compete to parade and spin large versions of the lanterns to the beat of a Taiko (Japanese Drum) and chorus. A large firework display concludes the festival. (updated Feb 2018) Yanai Daishi Ennichi (柳井大師縁日) (At the Kongou Temple. 20 minutes' walk from JR Yanai Station.). Mar 21. This event is a day when memorial services are held for Kouboudaishi. On festival day, about 20 markets are held. (updated Feb 2018) There are several golf courses surrounding Yanai: 34.0117672132.1395411 Yanai Country Club (柳井カントリー倶楽部), Hizumi 12372-1 (Between Route 149 and Route 153. ), ☏ +81 820-28-1111. 18 holes. (updated Feb 2018) 34.0204896132.16821382 Iwakuni Country Club (岩国カントリー倶楽部), 1000 Yuumachi (Route 149 near Highway 437. ), ☏ +81 827-63-0331. 18 holes. (updated Feb 2018) 33.9221367132.06607573 Heizei Seaside Golf Club (平生シーサイドゴルフクラブ), 452-3 Sone, Hirao-chō (In neighboring Hirao, on Route 23. ), ☏ +81 820-56-2358. 9 holes. (updated Feb 2018) 34.0659404132.17808874 Iwakuni Century Golf Club (岩国センチュリーゴルフクラブ), Tsuzu 24-70 (On Route 115. ), ☏ +81 827-38-1177. 18 holes. (updated Feb 2018) Yanai's most famous souvenir is a paper goldfish lantern (kingyo chouchin). It can be found at various shops in and around Yanai. Yanaijima fabric goods are notable for the vivid colored striped pattern and smooth texture. Kanro soy sauce is a high quality soy sauce brewed at the locally famous Sagawa Soy Sauce Brewery. Its method of brewing adds a sweet flavor that makes it prized for use with sushi and sashimi throughout the Chugoku and Kansai region. 33.9651589132.1043341 MadDope (マッドドープ), Minamimachi 1-3-3 (across the street from the HyperMerx Mall and a 3-minute walk from the Yanai JR station via the pedestrian underpass), ☏ +81 820-23-7654. An eclectic shop featuring locally produced Japanese hip-hop CDs and Japanese fashion. (updated Feb 2018) There are many reasonably priced and delicious dining options in Yanai. 33.963086132.10082061 Kamaya (釜屋), Minamimachi 7-2-5 (Across the street from Yanai City Hall and a 4 minute walk from the Yanai JR rail station. ), ☏ +81 820-23-3141. A local family-run udon establishent featuring freshly made udon. Entrees ¥300-700. (updated Feb 2018) 33.9630324132.10369512 Shinatora (しなとら), Minamimachi 3-4-6 (3 minutes south of JR Yanai Station.). An excellent ramen noodle restaurant. What sets the restaurant apart from others is the insistence on using only homemade stock in all bowls. Around ¥800. (updated Feb 2018) Murasaki (村さ来) (4 minutes east on foot from Shirakabe no Machi.). A quant and intimate izakaya. For those not familiar with the concept of an izakaya, this establishment serves as an excellent and Western-friendly point of introduction. (updated Feb 2018) 34.1068274132.09460033 Sanzoku (山賊, The Chicken Shack), Kugamachi 1380-1, Iwakuni (From Yanai by car, proceed North on Prefectural Route 70 to National Highway 2. Located on the left. ), ☏ +81 827-82-3115. Literally translating as "Mountain Family", this establishment features coal roasted chicken and meat dishes with gift shop and koi pond located on a sprawling outdoor arboreal setting. (updated Feb 2018) 33.968648132.10875954 Taiwanya (台湾), Nakano 447-1 (Near Shirakabe no Machi. ), ☏ +81 820-22-0776. There is a long menu, but most regulars eat 'shiru-soba','shiru-bihun','yaki-soba'and 'yaki-bihun.' The restaurant is run by a man and his wife. Take-out available on request. (updated Feb 2018) 33.965096132.10326631 Yanai Station Hotel (柳井ステーションホテル), Minamimachi 1-5-1 (Across the tracks, SW of Yanai Station. ), ☏ +81 820-22-2628. (updated Feb 2018) 33.9637877132.10386362 Yanai City Hotel (柳井シティホテル), Minamimachi 3-2-8 (Across the tracks, SW of Yanai Station. ), ☏ +81 820-23-0111. (updated Feb 2018) 33.964717132.10346133 Yanai Park Hotel (柳井パークホテル), Minamimachi 1-4-2 (Across the tracks, SW of Yanai Station. ), ☏ +81 820-22-1175. (updated Feb 2018) 33.9675654132.10836934 Yanai Grand Hotel (柳井グランドホテル), Chūō 2-2-22 (Near Shirakabe, NE of Yanai Station. ), ☏ +81 820-23-0030. (updated Feb 2018) 33.9638299132.10873465 Yanai Cruise Hotel (柳井クルーズホテル), Minamimachi 4-1-1, ☏ +81 820-23-6000. The largest hotel in town, with large "Western"-size rooms. It has a café that serves a standard breakfast set for an additional fee. Iwakuni - Famous for Kintaikyo (the Brocade Sash Bridge) Tokuyama Hirao - The Kaiten (kamikaze submarine) museum at the entrance of Hirao Bay Suouoshima Kaminoseki Tabuse Hikari Kudamatsu Otake
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Balmaseda is a town of 7,700 people (2018) in Vizcaya, Basque Country. A small and charming Basque town near the border with Burgos. Nestled in the mountains, it is an excellent base for exploring the wilderness. Balmaseda is 30 km from the province capital city Bilbao. BizkaiBus has service between Bilbao bus terminal and Balmaseda. Balmaseda does not have a bus station, so the drop-off point is the same as the pick-up point. FEVE runs two trains an hour to 43.196291-3.1899191 Balmeseda station from Bilbao (Santander Station). Balmaseda is small, so walking is the best way to get around. 43.196205-3.1931221 Ayuntamiento (Town Hall), San Severino Plaza, 1. With its impressive columns. (updated Aug 2018) Old Bridge, Roman medieval Bridge (13th century) Saint Severine's church (14th century) Balmaseda Historical Museum Horcasitas Palace Saint John's Church Saint Roch and Saint Sebastian's hermitage (chapel) on top of mount Kolitza Santa Clara Church and museum Good Thursday and Good Friday Passion play: Procession and representation of Christ's Last Supper, Judgement and Crucifixion by locals. San Severino festivals: 23rd October. Medieval market in March. Las Piscinas, La Calzada Kalea 1,, ☏ +34 946 80 14 72. 10:00-20:00. Restaurant (updated Aug 2018) Iza. Restaurant (updated Aug 2018) Bar "Los Gemelos" Bar "Sauto" Many cafes and bars around Plaza San Severino have a great selection of tapas Try any one of the cafes or bars in Plaza San Severino. Hotel San Roque, Avda. Encartaciones, 2, ☏ +34 946 102 268. Hostal Begoña Plaza San Severino, 12. tel 946 102 326 Hostel/Pension Mendia c/Martin Mendia, 6. tel. 946 102 258 Refugio Kolitxa Monte Kolitxa tel. 946 800 000 Albergue El Peñueco Barrio el Peñueco tel. 629 535 249 Albergue La Garbea Monte La Garbea tel. 946 800 000
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Creating backups is an essential task for every database administrator. If the hardware crashes or any form of data corruption occurs, the DBA must ensure that a database can be restored with minimal data loss. PostgreSQL offers multiple strategies to support the DBA in achieving this goal. In principle, backup technology can be divided into two classes: cold backups and hot backups. A cold backup is a backup taken when no database file is open. In the case of PostgreSQL this means that the instance must be stopped during the complete time interval of taking the backup. A hot backup is a backup taken during normal working hours. Clients can perform read and write actions in parallel to this form of backup creation. PostgreSQL supports different types of backups: Cold backups are called File System Level Backup. There are two types of hot backups SQL Dump produces SQL commands, e.g. : INSERT, which can re-create the database. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR) uses the combination of a special backup plus all data-changes since then. A cold backup is a backup taken when the PostgreSQL instance is not running. It consists of all files of all databases of a cluster. There is only one way to create a consistent and therefore useful cold backup: the PostgreSQL instance must be stopped, e.g. by issuing the pg_ctl stop command. This will disconnect all clients from all databases of the cluster, shut down the instance, and close all files. After that, the backup can be taken by using one of the usual operating system copy-utilities (cp, tar, dd, rsync, etc.) to create a copy of all files at a secure location, e.g. at disks on a different server. Especially the following files must be copied: All files under the directory node where the cluster resides. The environment variable $PGDATA points to this directory and resolves to something like .../postgres/14/data. Use echo $PGDATA on the command-line, or show data_directory; in psql to find the directory. All configuration files. They may be in $PGDATA, but can also be located elsewhere. The main configuration files are: postgresql.conf, pg_hba.conf, and pg_ident.conf. Their locations can be found by running the following commands from the psql utility: show config_file; show hba_file; show ident_file; All tablespace files. These files are located elsewhere on the file-system. Their locations can be found by looking at the symlinks in the $PGDATA/pg_tblspc directory: cd $PGDATA/pg_tblspc ls -lt Caution One may try to backup only special parts of a cluster, eg. a huge file that represents a table, or one of the tablespaces - or the opposite: everything except the huge file. Even if the instance is shut down during the generation of such a partial copy, copies of this kind are useless. The recovery of a cold backup needs really all data files and meta-information files of the cluster to re-create the cluster. Caution It is strongly recommended to verify every backup/recovery strategy on a test system to verify their reliability before implementing them on a production server. In particular, it's necessary to test the recovery steps! ► Advantages A cold backup is easy to generate and restore. ► Disadvantages A continuous 7x24 operation mode of any of the databases in the cluster is not possible. It is not possible to backup smaller parts of a cluster like a single database or table. Partial restores are not possible. Restores must include all cluster files. After a crash, any data changes that occur after the most recent cold backup get lost. Only the data in the backup will be restored. ► How to Recover Stop the instance. Backup the original files of the crashed cluster. They may be useful for forensic actions. Delete all original files of the crashed cluster. Copy the files of the cold backup to their original places. Start the instance. It should start in the normal way, without any special message. In contrast to cold backups, hot backups are taken while the instance is running and applications may change data during the backup is taken. Hot backups are sometimes called online backups. PostgreSQL supports two very different kinds of hot backups: First, a pure SQL-based version, and second, a product-specific version. They are explained in the next two chapters. A logical backup is one of the two forms of a hot backup. It consists of data and/or metadata within the cluster, a single database, or some parts of a database. They are created by the utilities pg_dump or pg_dumpall. The instance must run for those utilities to operate. Even though they run in parallel with other clients - possibly over a longer period of time -, they create an exact copy of the data as of the moment of their start time. For example, if an application changes some data during this period, the backup takes the old value whereas all other applications operate on the new value. This is possible because of PostgreSQL's MVCC (Multi-version concurrency control) implementation which allows the existence of multiple versions of a row at the same time. pg_dump works at the database level and can backup the complete database as well as some of its parts such as individual tables. It is able to dump data, schema definitions, or both. The parameters --data-only and --schema-only select the intended part. pg_dump supports two output formats: plain (readable plain-text format) and custom (a binary format). The format type is chosen by the parameter --format. The plain-text format contains SQL commands like CREATE and INSERT. Files created in this format may be used by psql to restore the backed-up data. The custom format is sometimes called the archive format. To restore files created in this format you must use pg_restore. The following diagram visualizes the cooperation of pg_dump, psql and pg_restore. Some Examples: $ # dump complete database 'finance' in plain-text format to a file $ pg_dump --dbname=finance --username=boss --format=plain --file=finance.sql $ $ # restore database content (to a different or an empty database) $ psql --dbname=finance_x --username=boss <finance.sql $ $ $ $ # dump table 'person' of database 'finance' in binary format to a file $ pg_dump --dbname=finance --username=boss --table=person \ --format=custom --file=finance_person.archive $ $ restore table 'person' from binary file $ pg_restore --dbname=finance_x --username=boss \ --format=custom <finance_person.archive $ The pg_dumpall utility works at the cluster level and calls pg_dump internally to dump each database of the cluster. Additionally, it dumps cluster level objects ('globals') like user/roles and their rights. If it is started without detailed parameters, it dumps the complete content of the cluster: all data and metadata of all databases plus all cluster level objects. The parameter --globals-only can be used to restrict its behavior to dump cluster objects only. pg_dumpall output is in plain-text format. ► Advantages Continuous 7x24 operation mode is possible. Small parts of the cluster or database may be backup-ed or restored. When you use the text format, you can switch from one PostgreSQL version to another or from one hardware platform to another. ► Disadvantages The text format uses much space, but it compresses well. ► How to Recover As shown in the above diagram, the recovery process depends on the format of the dump. Text files are in standard SQL syntax. To recreate data from such files you must use psql. Files with the custom format have a PostgreSQL-specific binary structure and can only be used by the utility pg_restore. This is the second form of hot backups. Such backups consist of two parts. The first one is the so-called base backup, which consists of a copy of all files of a cluster (similar to File System Level Backup). The second one consists of all data-changes since the start of the backup command. Such data-changes keep occurring with further online activities (during and after the backup generation), are stored in WAL files, and must be continuously saved ('archived') in the same way as the first part. To understand the purpose and the technique of such backups, it's helpful to know PostgreSQL's recover-from-crash strategy. At all times and independent from any backup/recovery action, PostgreSQL maintains Write Ahead Log (WAL) files - primarily for crash-safety purposes. Such WAL files contain log records, which reflect all changes made to the data and the schema. Prior to transfers of changes to data files, log records are stored in (sequentially written) WAL files. In the case of a system crash, those log records are used to recover the cluster to a consistent state during the restart of the instance. The recovery process searches the timestamp of the last checkpoint, which is stored in the WAL files, and replays all subsequent log records in chronological order against the cluster. Through that action, the cluster gets recovered to a consistent state and contains all changes up to the last COMMIT. When recovering from a backup, the overall strategy is similar to the recover-from-crash strategy: remove the files of the crashed cluster, restore them from the base backup, inform the recovery process (which is an integral part of the instance) how to access the archived WAL files via an operating system command, and restart the instance. The recovery part of the instance replays all log records from the archived WAL files against the (restored) database files and transfers the cluster to a consistent state. Thereafter the cluster contains all changes up to the last COMMIT before the crash. To implement this backup strategy, three actions must be taken: Define all necessary parameters in postgres.conf. Generate a base backup with the utility pg_basebackup. Archive all arising WAL files. If a recovery becomes necessary, you have to delete all files in the cluster, recreate the old state of the cluster by copying the backup to its original location, create a special file (recovery.signal or recovery.conf, see below: step 3) with some recovery-information (especially to what location WAL files have been archived) and restart the instance. The instance will recreate the cluster according to its parameters in postgres.conf and recovery.conf to a consistent state including all data changes up to the last COMMIT. ► Advantages Continuous 7x24 operation mode is possible. Recover with minimal data loss. The generated WAL files can be used for additional features like replication. ► Disadvantages Base backups work only on the cluster level, not on any finer granularity like database or table. If your database is very busy and clients change a lot of data, many WAL files may arise. Step 1 You have to define some parameters in postgres.conf so that WAL files contain enough data, archiving of WAL files is activated, and a copy command is defined to transfer WAL files to a fail-safe location. # collect enough information in WAL files wal_level = 'replica' # activate ARCHIVE mode so that WAL files will be archived by the instance archive_mode = on # supply a system command to transfer WAL files to a failsafe location (cp, scp, rsync, ...) # %p represents the pathname including filename. %f represents the filename only. archive_command = 'scp %p dba@archive_server:/postgres/wal_archive/%f' After the parameters are defined, you must restart the cluster: pg_ctl restart. The cluster will continuously generate WAL files in its subdirectory pg_wal (pg_xlog in Postgres version 9.x and older) in concordance with data changes in the database. When it has filled a WAL file and must switch to the next one, it will copy the old one to the defined archive location. Step 2 You must create the so-called base backup with the utility bg_basebackup. $ # take a copy (base backup) of the files of the cluster with the pg_basebackup utility $ pg_basebackup --pgdata=/safe_drive/backup/ $ Step 3 That's all. All other activities are taken by the instance, especially the continuous copy of completely filled WAL files to the archive location. To perform a recovery the original base backup is copied back and the instance is configured to perform recovery during its start. Stop the instance - if it is still running. Create a copy of the crashed cluster - if you have enough disc space. Maybe, you will need it at a later stage. Delete all files of the crashed cluster. Recreate the cluster files from the base backup. Create a special file in $PGDATA: PostgreSQL prior to version 12: Create a file recovery.conf in $PGDATA. It must contain a command similar to: restore_command = 'scp dba@archive_server:/postgres/wal_archive/%f %p'. This copy command is the reverse of the command in postgres.conf, which saved the WAL files to the archive location. PostgreSQL since version 12: Create an empty file recovery.signal in $PGDATA. Add a command similar to: restore_command = 'scp dba@archive_server:/postgres/wal_archive/%f %p' within postgres.conf. This copy command is the reverse of the command in postgres.conf, which saved the WAL files to the archive location. Start the instance. During startup, the instance will copy and process all WAL files found in the archive location. The fact, that recovery.signal respective recovery.conf exists, signals the instance to perform a recovery. After a successful recovery, this file is renamed. If you want to recover to some previous point in time prior to the occurrence of the crash (but behind the creation of the backup), you can do so by specifying this point in time. In this case, the recovery process will stop before processing all archived WAL files. This feature is the origin of the term Point-In-Time-Recovery. In summary the two crucial commands for recovery (in recovery.conf resp. postgres.conf) may look like this: restore_command = 'scp dba@archive_server:/postgres/wal_archive/%f %p' recovery_target_time = '2021-01-31 06:00:00 CET' There is an open-source project Barman, which simplifies backup and recovery steps. If you have to manage a lot of servers and instances and it becomes complicated to configure and remember all the details about the server landscape, Barman stores the configuration details and automates processes. PostgreSQL documentation: Backup
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Lincoln Heights is an American drama television series about a street cop who moves back with his family to his old neighborhood to start a new life and help his neighbors. The series premiered January 8, 2007 on the ABC Family network. Charles: I hit him with a schnitzel. Cassie Sutton: With a...? Charles: Dinner. Jenn: (of Reverend Hammond) That man is a born activist; if there's nothing to protest, he's out of work. Charles: Cassie, what I'm trying to say is, I don't wanna be your friend, I want to be more than that. I like you Cassie. Cassie: Okay, is this you talking or the beer? Charles: I know what I'm saying, and I'm not drunk. (she grins at him) Okay, maybe a little. (she laughs) But I still like you, a lot. Manolo: A little bleeding and you cry like a girl? Man, you're N.A.T.O., man – No Action, Talk Only. Cassie: She's afraid he'll reject her. Charles: He won't. See the way he's looking at her? He's got feelings for her too. Cassie: How could she be certain? Charles:It's in his eyes. Eventually they'll find the courage to tell each other how they feel. Cassie: And their hearts will open like cherry blossoms in the spring. (pauses for a moment) Or, he'll tell her he's gay. David: Easy, Eddie, this whole thing has been a huge misunderstanding. Eddie: You're damn right it has. You misunderstood when you thought you could mess with me and mine and get away with it! Eddie: So are you saying we all should become bad guys? Mulaney: Being a good guy hasn't exactly been a growth business. Eddie: What do you think? Det Wilkes: I think we're looking at a worst case scenario. Eddie: Which is? Det Wilkes: A guy with nothing left to lose. Jenn: You didn't happen to bump into a particular cop, Eddie Sutton? EMT: After a while they all start to look alike. Kevin: He actually chose the clarinet? Eddie: Yes. Kevin: Not a trumpet, or a saxophone... Eddie: Seriously, I think you should stop right now. Kevin: (laughing) I've upset you. Eddie: I'm not upset. Kevin: Boy of mine comes home, says he wants to play the clarinet, God knows how I'd react. Eddie: You actually think I won't shoot you? Kevin: Rolling stop about ten years ago, no DUI. Eddie: He's not a drunk. What do you say we cut him some slack. Kevin: Whatever gets us to lunch on time. Eddie: Hey man, check it out. (A minivan is swerving in the road) Kevin: Kinda early in the day to be getting your load on. Kevin Lund: So, you wanna check out that new Thai place after watch? Eddie: I can't. Tay's recital tonight. Kevin Lund: So, eh, the clarinet huh? Eddie: Don't start. Kevin Lund: I'm just saying... Eddie: Well, don't just say. Eddie: Hey champ, big night tonight. Taylor: You gonna be there? Eddie: Wouldn't miss it. Taylor: That's what you said the last time. Eddie: Hey. I'll be there. Taylor: You have to be there by 6:00. Eddie: I know. Kevin Lund: You have the right to shut up. Now, if you don't shut up, we'll use what you say against you. You have the right to hire a shyster to get you off. But, if no lawyer will take your case because your such a miserable excuse for a human being, the court will provide some low paid, overworked public defender. Now get in the damn car. Taylor (to Lewis): Hey, I got this game. I thought maybe you wanna play? (hold out his video game) Lewis: Let me see that. So, what's on here? Taylor: All kinds of neat stuff. Lewis: (going through the list of games) Chess? Medieval Jousting? Dragon slayer? What– what is this? (to another boy) Hey, check out little white boy. Taylor: Don't call me that! Jenn (to Cassie): If you want a car, you need to find a job. One close enough to home this time, so your father and I will approve of you working. Are you still looking? Cassie: I posted my resume on the internet. Jenn: Why not look the old fashioned way? Pound the pavement. Lieutenant: Till we find these guys you wanna lay low, ride the desk for a while? Eddie: You mean hide? That's not my style. Lieutenant: I know. But if these are the guys that hit Lund, you probably realize that they were aiming for you as payback for Donell. Eddie: I'm not letting these fools put me behind a desk. Delilah Sandoval: Don't worry, Lieutenant, I got his back. Anybody tries anything they got to come through me first, and I'm crazy. Lieutenant: Yeah, I'm starting to get that vibe. Lizzie (to Boa): Did you grow up around here? Boa: Yeah, two blocks over on Wyoming. Lizzie: You go to Powell? Boa: Yeah. Lizzie: You'd you have for English? Boa: Ms. Lawheed. Lizzie: (scoffs) She's mean. She once failed me on a spelling test because I used pencil instead of pen. Boa: (laughs) Man, that's cold. Eddie: (to Boa) I didn't want to kill Donelle. I didn't want Magnum to die, but I will kill you if you don't tell me where my daughter is. Vera: (about Lizzie's ransom) What about the department? Don't they have funds for stuff like this? Eddie: The department won't help out. It's against policy to lend money for ransom. Jenn: But not against policy to get us to move here. Lizzie: Um, can I have something to drink, my throat's all dry? Magnum: (to Boa) Get her something to drink. Boa: You got a beer or something? Magnum: What's the matter with you? Get her a soda. Lizzie: Do you have root beer? Magnum: Shut up! This ain't no 7-11. Lizzie: What are going to do to me? Magnum: Nothing if you cooperate. Lizzie: Cooperate how? Magnum: Do what we say and don't make trouble. Boa: We going to sell you back to your family. Eddie: (of Delilah) That woman's my partne... Jenn: And I am your wife; Lizzie's mother. Don't put me on a need-to-know basis, alright? I want all the information, and I want it first. (holds up her hand) You see this? Wedding band trumps uniform! Eddie: I got one of those too, Jenn, and it doesn't mean I can walk into your O.R. and perform brain surgery! Jenn: I'm worried about Lizzie too, but she's a survivor... just like you. And she looks up to you as an example. Eddie: Yeah, which is why she's so screwed up. Cassie: Charles, this will never, ever be our song. Dr. Cole (to Jenn): Sutton, two nurses called in sick, I'm gonna need you tonight. Jenn: Oh, I'm off at 6:00, Dr. Cole. Dr. Cole: We all put in long hours around here, Sutton. Jenn: That's why I'm in the float pool, so I don't have to. It's spring break, my kids have been home alone all day. Dr. Cole: Floaters work overtime like everybody else. I'll see you at 7:00. Dr. McGhee: I'm jealous, I thought Cole and I had an exclusive thing going on. Jenn: No, he likes spreading his love around. Jenn: (about Dana) Eddie, how can I open up my home to a woman who's been nothing but insulting and nasty to me? Eddie: Be an example to her. Lizzie: I thought you were going to ask Jessie P? Wanda: She can't sing as good as me and I have a karaoke machine. Becky: She won the eighth grade talent contest. Lizzie: Yeah, but, Wanda, you got me into serious trouble shoplifting. My sister lost her job. Wanda: I'm sorry about that, but didn't you get my e-mails? I said I was sorry 50 times. (singing) So can we be friends? Kevin: At least the weather'll be good for you for this weekend. Eddie: Hey, don't start. Kevin: Tay's sweet sixteen party? Eddie: His coming of age party. Kevin: I don't get it, so it's like a bar mitzvah... but with soul music. Eddie: Tay's turning 13 this weekend, he's coming of age. What's not to get? Kevin: And you're gonna get him a hooker. Eddie: What the hell's wrong with you? Kevin: Nothing's wrong with me, I'm not the one throwing my son a cotillion. Taylor: Is he crazy? Lizzie: It wasn't his idea to kidnap me. It was his partner's. Taylor: You can't write to him Lizzie. I mean do you want us to be homeless? I mean if Dad finds out that Boa wrote you and you wrote him back, Dad will kill him, Lizzie. Then Dad will go to jail, Mom will be mad, we'll be sad, we'll end up on the streets broke and homeless because of you. Cassie: I can't believe that my dad is letting me go out with you. What did you say to him? Charles: Stuff men say to each other. But the important thing is what I want to tell you. Cassie, sex isn't really a big deal to me right now. (pause) Well, maybe a medium deal. The important thing is that I love you and I want you to feel comfortable with me. Cassie: I am and I've always been comfortable with you. Khan: (to Eddie) You'll never rest easy, as long as I'm alive. Reverend Hammond: (to Eddie) One thing about the real Lincoln Heights, we look out for our own. Gangbanger (to Cassie): So what you doing out here by yourself, mami? Don't you know the streets are dangerous? Cassie: Go away! Gangbanger: I'm just trying to help you out, see? If you come with us, we're gonna take good care of you. (he gropes Cassie's leg) Cassie: You wanna know why I'm by myself? The buses aren't running, there's people all in the streets, I lost my boyfriend. I've been waiting an hour-and-a-half for him to pick me up! People are throwing bottles everywhere, this city's going crazy! Now you come to hassle me?! You want something from me? Well, come get it, papi, otherwise back off! Lizzie: Nothing's up, quit riding me! Eddie: What did you say? (to Cassie) What in the hell's going on? You're home late; your sister's talking back. Cassie: Don't look at me, Tay's the one wearing makeup. Lizzie: (about Boa) He says that my letters are what's keeping him alive. I know I should listen to what my dad says, but if all it takes is a letter to help someone, isn't it wrong not to write it? Kevin: What the hell kind of a name is "Sage"? Eddie: It beats "Parsley". Kevin: Okay, dude, this is no time to joke! My kid just landed on my doorstep. My over-developed, under-dressed, trucker-mouth kid. Jenn: This is not about me; this is about you and your family. Eddie: Okay, but right now I gotta deal with my family. Jenn: Fine. I'm coming with you, you're not gonna do this alone. Jenn: We just got a shipment of flu shots and Saturday mornings are especially bad. Eddie: Remember when we used to be especially bad on Saturday mornings? Jarone: (voice over) In every war there are weapons: Gats, nines, hate, intimidation. Don't matter who you are, everybody's strappin'. But sometimes, some days, it goes the other way, and the weapons are hope, trust and understanding. Maybe those are the weapons that can win the war, or maybe it ain't supposed to be won at all. Maybe the point is to keep on going, keep on fighting, and never, ever, give up. Eddie: I'm in kind of a bind here. I made Jarone's family a promise, if you press charges I won't be able to keep that promise. Jake: That boy needs to pay for what he's done. Eddie: I hear ya, but some bad guys are after Jarone connected guys. He goes into the system now, he may not come out alive. See how it goes. If it doesn't work out, press charges. Make him pay his debt to society. Jake: To hell with society, he can pay his debt to me. Eddie: (about Jarone) How can I help him if I don't give him the benefit of the doubt? Kevin: Well, you're a better man than me. Eddie: And this surprises you? Cassie: (to Charles) Are you breaking up with me? (Charles looks away) Are you? Charles: Yes. Cassie: Don't you love me anymore? Charles: It doesn't matter... Cassie: It does, Charles, it matters to me. Did you ever love me? Charles: I did, and I still do. Cassie: Well why won't you fight for us?! Charles: 'Cause it won't work. This is for the best. Cassie: For who, Charles? Don't say it's for me, because it's not. You're doing this for you! (turns and runs out) Jenn: (to Lizzie about The Wiz) You want me to watch it with you? I know the words to the songs. Lizzie: Uh
no thanks, Mom, I've heard you sing. You're no Diana Ross. Eddie: Baby, I don't want you to quit your job. Jenn: But you don't want me to have that job, either. Eddie: That's because I can't let you go to work without worrying you'll get stuck by a needle, or that some sick guy in the waiting room is not gonna get violent on you. So I need your help. I need you to tell me how you get through the day, knowing the dangers I come across. Tell me, so I can do it for you. Sage: (spills coffee on purpose) Oh! Oops! Sorry. Guess you might wanna mop that up. Cassie: (looks at Sage's top) Was that Charles' shirt? Sage: Yeah. Cassie (rips the shirt): Oops! (wipes the counter with the ripped shirt) All fixed. Cassie: Your eggs are on the stove. Lizzie: And the toast is ready, and the coffee's hot. Eddie: Okay, what'd you guys do with our kids? Cassie (to Lulu): I have much more in common with a guy like Luc. Our passion for life, our dedication to art. Lulu: Okay. Your I.B.U.s are off the scale. Cassie: Hmm? Lulu: Your International Baloney Units? Eddie: I'm just trying to keep you safe. Jenn: We gave up safe when we moved here, Eddie, now it's about trying to make a difference where we can. Eddie: Jenn, you can't fix every broken wing. Jenn: Neither can you, but you haven't stopped trying. Lund (to Charles): So what's the deal? You got some kind of a twisted fetish for cops' daughters? Charles: No! Sage is cool, we're just hanging out. Lund: Let's keep it that way; Sage has got enough problems. Charles: Mr. Lund, I'm a good guy. You don't need to worry about me hurting your daughter. Lund: It's not her I'm worried about. Sage eats good guys for breakfast. Sage (to Charles): What do I have to do for you to dedicate a song to me? Sage: Hey girls, I know it's very ghetto-chic to gang up on me, but I gotta get to class. Ta'Wanda: Ghetto what?? Bitch, I know you did not just call me ghetto! Ta'wanda: So, What's up girl? You and Charles back together again? Cassie: (slowing down) No. Ta'Wanda: 'Cause it kinda looked that way after he was doing all that singing to you last week. Cassie: Charles and I are not back together. He's with Sage now. Ta'wanda: He was better with you than that skinny old ho. (Cassie giggles) Ta'wanda: (sees her boyfriend take number from Sage) Oh, hell no! (to Sage) What the hell do you think you're doing, chattin' up my man? Sage: (smirks) Looks like your man's thinking 'bout trading up. Ta'wanda: Girl, it's no wonder white boy sang his little love song to Cassie instead of you. You're just plain old white trash. Cassie: Charles, you broke up with me. Then you go and buy my painting
now you're singing to me in public? Why are you playing games with me? Charles: I'm not playing games with you, Cassie. I'm sorry. It's just been harder for me to turn it off than I expected. You meant a lot to me, you still do. Cassie: Charles, it's hard for me too, but you have to stop. Charles: I never meant to cause you any pain
especially now that you're with Luc. You are with Luc, aren't you? Cassie: (sighs) Maybe it'd be easier if we just stayed away from each other. (walks away) Charles: I'll try. (slams his locker) Charles: (about the mural) I hope you finish it. Cassie, you have to do the stuff that matters to you; you never know when something's gonna happen. Taylor: (bumps into Desmond) Oh! Sorry. Desmond: Yeah, you better be, bitch! Taylor: Don't call me that! I said I was sorry. (looks at another Shiloh member) What you want from me, a cookie?! Eddie: (about Cassie's mural) But what kind of parents would we be if we let her do this and she gets hurt? Jenn: And what kind of hypocrites are we if we don't help her? And to be honest, I don't think we can stop her. Eddie: Oh. Oh, I can stop her. Cassie: So how's your leg? Are you fully recovered? Charles: I've been recovered, but I could use some of this
(Charles & Cassie begin to make out) Cassie (to Sage): He needs you! Sage: He doesn't need anybody, okay? Kevin Lund is an island. Cassie: No, he's a sinking ship. I mean, for the past three months, all he's done is worry about you, sit with you, pray for you. And now he's drinking, he's in trouble on his job. Sage: What? Cassie: I heard my parents talking. They're really worried and now you're just gonna walk away? (Sage shrugs her shoulder) Guess that accident didn't hurt you at all. You're still the same old Sage. Bishop: You feel like you want to go off and die for your country? 'Cause you can die right here just as easy. Cassie: (about Aunt Naomi) She knows a lot of people in the New York art scene and she promised to hook me up. Eddie: You know. (scoffs) You know, I don't know that I want you "hooked-up." Wikipedia has an article about: Lincoln Heights (TV series) "Lincoln Heights" (2006) quotes at the Internet Movie Database Lincoln Heights quotes from TV.com
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Mehdi Mirzaee << Water Resources Directory Water Resources Engineering Water Resources Policy and Management Hydraulic Engineering B.Sc. in Civil Engineering - Hydraulic Eng., Khajeh Nasir Al Din Toosi University of Technology, 1989-1994 M.Sc. in Civil Engineering - Hydraulic Eng., Amir Kabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),Tehran, 1994-1996 Ph.D. in Hydrology and Water Resources Eng., Azad Islamic University (Science and Technology Branch),Tehran, 2000-2006 Certificate in Web-Based Collaborative Engineering in Hydro-science(4 ECTS Credits), IAHR, summer 2003 Certificate in Spatial Decision Support Systems and Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques, ITC, the Netherlands, April 2004 Associated Member of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Member of Institute of Water Resources and Environment (ASCE) Member of Hydraulic Structures and Physical Modelling Committee of Iranian Hydraulic Society 1994-Now Member of Iranian Committee on Large Dams (IRCOLD), Hydraulic Committee, 1998-Now Tigris and Euphrates Modeling Water Policy and Management Research Urban Storm water collection networks Integrated Flood Management and Early Warning in Gorganrood River Basin, as Project Manager Integrated Flood Management and Early Warning in Karkheh River Basin, as Project Manager Integrated Water Resources Management in Sirvan Basin. A Transboundary Water Resource Managemaent. Integrated Water Resources Management in Urmia Lake Basin. An interior Basin with Environmental, Agricultutral and Potable Water conflicts. • Water Research Institute, Faculty of Water Resources Department, Director of “Integrated Water Resources Management of Lake Urmia Basin” project. 2002-2004. The Lake Urmia is one the national park in Iran and there are 7 Ramsar site around it. In this basin agricultural activity and population growing affected to ecological conditions of those Ramsar site and an IWRM approach was applied for solving this problem. • Water Research Institute, Head, Developing and Planning Office, 2002-2004 • Sazian Consulting Engineers, Water Resources Engineer, Supervisor of Urban Hydrology and Hydraulics Department, 1999-2003. Work on Urban Storm Runoff in district No.1 and 17 of Tehran Municipality • Sad Azma Tiva Consulting Engineers, Head of Directorate and Water Resources Engineering Department, 2003-2005. Optimizing Kohrang hydropower dam • Former Islamic Republic of Iran Plan and Budget Organization (Management and Planning Organization, MPO), Water Resources Expert projects 1998-2002. I Worked on Water Resources Development projects in Khuzestan and Zanjan • Azad Islamic University, Tehran Central Campus, Faculty, 1998-Now • Ghodss Niroo Consulting Engineers (affiliated to Ministry of Energy), Hydraulic Engineer, Hydraulic Design of Dams and related structures and Irrigation Networks 1994-1996 • Water Research Center (Affiliated to Ministry of Energy) Engineer and Researcher, Building, Testing and Analyzing Physical Modeling, 1992-1994 • Head of Scientific staff of Third Civil Engineering Student Conferences, 1995 • Editor-in-Chief of "ABANGAN" magazine (Water Resources Engineering Student’s Magazine of Khajeh Nasir Al Din Toosi University of Technology), 1992-1993. Now, I am member of scientific staff. • Member of Scientific staff of the Second Iranian Hydraulic Conference, 1999 http://www.iwrm.ir
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In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, management, and storage format that enables efficient access and modification. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data. Data structures provide a means to manage large amounts of data efficiently for uses such as large databases and internet indexing services. Usually, efficient data structures are key to designing efficient algorithms. Some formal design methods and programming languages emphasize data structures, rather than algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design. Data structures can be used to organize the storage and retrieval of information stored in both main memory and secondary memory. Data structures are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store data at any place in its memory, specified by a pointer—a bit string, representing a memory address, that can be itself stored in memory and manipulated by the program. Thus, the array and record data structures are based on computing the addresses of data items with arithmetic operations, while the linked data structures are based on storing addresses of data items within the structure itself. The implementation of a data structure usually requires writing a set of procedures that create and manipulate instances of that structure. The efficiency of a data structure cannot be analyzed separately from those operations. This observation motivates the theoretical concept of an abstract data type, a data structure that is defined indirectly by the operations that may be performed on it, and the mathematical properties of those operations (including their space and time cost). There are numerous types of data structures, generally built upon simpler primitive data types: An array is a number of elements in a specific order, typically all of the same type (depending on the language, individual elements may either all be forced to be the same type, or may be of almost any type). Elements are accessed using an integer index to specify which element is required. Typical implementations allocate contiguous memory words for the elements of arrays (but this is not always a necessity). Arrays may be fixed-length or resizable. A linked list (also just called list) is a linear collection of data elements of any type, called nodes, where each node has itself a value, and points to the next node in the linked list. The principal advantage of a linked list over an array is that values can always be efficiently inserted and removed without relocating the rest of the list. Certain other operations, such as random access to a certain element, are however slower on lists than on arrays. A record (also called tuple or struct) is an aggregate data structure. A record is a value that contains other values, typically in fixed number and sequence and typically indexed by names. The elements of records are usually called fields or members. A union is a data structure that specifies which of a number of permitted primitive types may be stored in its instances, e.g. float or long integer. Contrast with a record, which could be defined to contain a float and an integer; whereas in a union, there is only one value at a time. Enough space is allocated to contain the widest member datatype. A tagged union (also called variant, variant record, discriminated union, or disjoint union) contains an additional field indicating its current type, for enhanced type safety. An object is a data structure that contains data fields, like a record does, as well as various methods which operate on the data contents. An object is an in-memory instance of a class from a taxonomy. In the context of object-oriented programming, records are known as plain old data structures to distinguish them from objects. In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. Operations associated with this data type allow: the addition of a pair to the collection; the removal of a pair from the collection; the modification of an existing pair; the lookup of a value associated with a particular key. Implementing associative arrays poses the dictionary problem, a classic computer science problem: the task of designing a data structure that maintains a set of data during 'search', 'delete', and 'insert' operations. The two major solutions to the dictionary problem are a hash table and a search tree. In some cases it is also possible to solve the problem using directly addressed arrays, binary search trees, or other more specialized structures. Many programming languages include associative arrays as primitive data types, and they are available in software libraries for many others. Content-addressable memory is a form of direct hardware-level support for associative arrays. Associative arrays have many applications including such fundamental programming patterns as memoization and the decorator pattern. The name does not come from the associative property known in mathematics. Rather, it arises from the fact that we associate values with keys. In an associative array, the association between a key and a value is often known as a "mapping", and the same word mapping may also be used to refer to the process of creating a new association. The operations that are usually defined for an associative array are: Add or insert: add a new ( k e y , v a l u e ) {\displaystyle (key,value)} pair to the collection, mapping the new key to its new value. The arguments to this operation are the key and the value. Reassign: replace the value in one of the ( k e y , v a l u e ) {\displaystyle (key,value)} pairs that are already in the collection, mapping an existing key to a new value. As with an insertion, the arguments to this operation are the key and the value. Remove or delete: remove a ( k e y , v a l u e ) {\displaystyle (key,value)} pair from the collection, unmapping a given key from its value. The argument to this operation is the key. Lookup: find the value (if any) that is bound to a given key. The argument to this operation is the key, and the value is returned from the operation. If no value is found, some associative array implementations raise an exception, while others create a pair with the given key and the default value of the value type (zero, empty container...). Often then instead of add or reassign there is a single set operation that adds a new ( k e y , v a l u e ) {\displaystyle (key,value)} pair if one does not already exist, and otherwise reassigns it. In addition, associative arrays may also include other operations such as determining the number of mappings or constructing an iterator to loop over all the mappings. Usually, for such an operation, the order in which the mappings are returned may be implementation-defined. A multimap generalizes an associative array by allowing multiple values to be associated with a single key. A bidirectional map is a related abstract data type in which the mappings operate in both directions: each value must be associated with a unique key, and a second lookup operation takes a value as an argument and looks up the key associated with that value. Suppose that the set of loans made by a library is represented in a data structure. Each book in a library may be checked out only by a single library patron at a time. However, a single patron may be able to check out multiple books. Therefore, the information about which books are checked out to which patrons may be represented by an associative array, in which the books are the keys and the patrons are the values. Using notation from Python or JSON, the data structure would be: { "Pride and Prejudice": "Alice", "Wuthering Heights": "Alice", "Great Expectations": "John" } A lookup operation on the key "Great Expectations" would return "John". If John returns his book, that would cause a deletion operation, and if Pat checks out a book, that would cause an insertion operation, leading to a different state: { "Pride and Prejudice": "Alice", "The Brothers Karamazov": "Pat", "Wuthering Heights": "Alice" } The basic definition of the dictionary does not mandate an order. To guarantee a fixed order of enumeration, ordered versions of the associative array are often used. There are two senses of an ordered dictionary: The order of enumeration is always deterministic for a given set of keys by sorting. This is the case for tree-based implementations, one representative being the container of C++. The order of enumeration is key-independent and is instead based on the order of insertion. This is the case for the "ordered dictionary" in .NET Framework and Python. The latter sense of ordered dictionaries are more commonly encountered. They can be implemented using an association list, or by overlaying a doubly linked list on top of a normal dictionary. The latter approach, as used by CPython before version 3.6, has the advantage of keeping the potentially better complexity of another implementation. CPython 3.6+ makes dictionaries ordered by splitting the hash table into an insertion-ordered array of k-v pairs and a sparse array ("hash table") of indices. What is it? A key-value database is a type of nonrelational database that uses a simple key-value method to store data. A key-value database stores data as a collection of key-value pairs in which a key serves as a unique identifier. Both keys and values can be anything, ranging from simple objects to complex compound objects. Key-value databases are highly partitionable and allow horizontal scaling at scales that other types of databases cannot achieve. Compared to relational databases? Relational databases organize data using tables. Tables are structures that impose a schema on the records that they hold. Each column within a table has a name and a data type. Each row represents an individual record or data item within the table, which contains values for each of the columns. Relational databases get their name from mathematical relationships that use tuples (like the rows in a table) to represent ordered sets of data. Key–value databases work in a very different fashion from the better known relational databases (RDB). RDBs predefine the data structure in the database as a series of tables containing fields with well defined data types. Exposing the data types to the database program allows it to apply a number of optimizations. In contrast, key–value systems treat the data as a single opaque collection, which may have different fields for every record. This offers considerable flexibility and more closely follows modern concepts like object-oriented programming. Because optional values are not represented by placeholders or input parameters, as in most RDBs, key–value databases often use far less memory to store the same database, which can lead to large performance gains in certain workloads. 1) Write a program that creates a dictionary where the keys are even integers between 2 and 20 and the values are the corresponding key multiplied by the odd integer before it. Example output: {2: 2, 4: 12, 6: 30, 8: 56...} 2) Write a program that takes two lists and merges them into a single dictionary. Example: list_1 = [5, 10, 15, 20] list_2 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] Result: {5: 'a', 10: 'b', 15: 'c', 20: 'd'} 3) Write a program that searches for the minimum value and returns the corresponding key. Example: prices = {'Popcorn': 1.50, 'Soda': 1.00, 'Hotdog': 1.25, 'Nachos': 0.75} Result: 'Nachos' Dictionary / Associative array / Hash / Map - An abstract data type that can hold data in (key, value) pairs. Frozen Set - A native data type in Python that have the qualities of sets — including class methods — but are immutable like tuples. Hash collision - Occur when two entries are generated using the same index key. This has a high chance of occurring when hashing a random subset of a large set of possible keys. Hash table - A type of data structure that stores key-value pairs. The key is sent to a hash function that performs arithmetic operations on it. The result (commonly called the hash value or hash) is the index of the key-value pair in the hash table. Key - A field, or combination of fields, in a database table used to retrieve and sort rows in the table based on certain requirements. Keys are defined to speed up access to data and, in many cases, to create links between different tables. Load factor - A critical statistic for hash tables that references how quickly the hash table can be accessed. A higher load factor indicates the table may become slower or fail to work at all. Merge algorithm - A family of algorithms that take multiple sorted lists as input and produce a single list as output, containing all the elements of the inputs lists in sorted order. These algorithms are used as subroutines in various sorting algorithms, most famously merge sort. Multimap - A generalization of a map or associative array abstract data type in which more than one value may be associated with and returned for a given key. Multiset - A type of associative containers similar to set, with an exception that multiple elements can have same values. Serialization - Produces a text or binary representation of the original objects that can be written directly to a file and offers a solution to use associative arrays in permanent form. Set - An unordered, mutable data type where each value must be unique. Cormen, Thomas H.; Leiserson, Charles E.; Rivest, Ronald L.; Stein, Clifford (2009). Introduction to Algorithms, Third Edition (3rd ed.). The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262033848. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1614191. Black, Paul E. (15 December 2004). "data structure". in Pieterse, Vreda; Black, Paul E.. Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [online]. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/datastructur.html. Retrieved 2018-11-06. "Data structure". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 17 April 2017. https://www.britannica.com/technology/data-structure. Retrieved 2018-11-06. Wegner, Peter; Reilly, Edwin D. (2003-08-29). Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 507–512. ISBN 978-0470864128. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1074100.1074312. "When data is too big to fit into the main memory". http://homes.sice.indiana.edu/yye/lab/teaching/spring2014-C343/datatoobig.php. Dubey, R. C. (2014). Advanced biotechnology : For B Sc and M Sc students of biotechnology and other biological sciences.. New Delhi: S Chand. ISBN 978-81-219-4290-4. OCLC 883695533. Seymour, Lipschutz (2014). Data structures (Revised first ed.). New Delhi, India: McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 9781259029967. OCLC 927793728. Walter E. Brown (September 29, 1999). "C++ Language Note: POD Types". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. http://www.fnal.gov/docs/working-groups/fpcltf/Pkg/ISOcxx/doc/POD.html. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure Goodrich, Michael T.; Tamassia, Roberto (2006), "9.1 The Map Abstract Data Type", Data Structures & Algorithms in Java (4th ed. ), Wiley, pp. 368–371 Mehlhorn, Kurt; Sanders, Peter (2008), "4 Hash Tables and Associative Arrays", Algorithms and Data Structures: The Basic Toolbox, Springer, pp. 81–98, http://people.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~mehlhorn/ftp/Toolbox/HashTables.pdf Andersson, Arne (1989). "Optimal Bounds on the Dictionary Problem". Proc. Symposium on Optimal Algorithms. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer Verlag) 401: 106–114. doi:10.1007/3-540-51859-2_10. ISBN 978-3-540-51859-4. Cormen, Thomas H.; Leiserson, Charles E.; Rivest, Ronald L.; Stein, Clifford (2001), "11 Hash Tables", Introduction to Algorithms (2nd ed. ), MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, pp. 221–252, ISBN 0-262-03293-7 . Dietzfelbinger, M., Karlin, A., Mehlhorn, K., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Rohnert, H., and Tarjan, R. E. 1994. "Dynamic Perfect Hashing: Upper and Lower Bounds" . SIAM J. Comput. 23, 4 (Aug. 1994), 738-761. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=182370 doi:10.1137/S0097539791194094 Goodrich & Tamassia (2006), pp. 597–599. Goodrich & Tamassia (2006), pp. 389–397. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array https://www.xspdf.com/resolution/21031178.html https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/intro/comparing-database-types#nosql-databases-modern-alternatives-for-data-that-doesnt-fit-the-relational-paradigm Key-value database https://brilliant.org/wiki/associative-arrays/ https://betterprogramming.pub/what-are-frozen-sets-in-python-88f8a15a28dc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table https://www.educative.io/edpresso/what-is-a-hash-table https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1780/key https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_algorithm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimap https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multiset-in-cpp-stl/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array
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Keith Maurice Ellison (born August 4, 1963) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 30th Attorney General of Minnesota. A member of the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), Ellison was the U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district from 2007 to 2019. He also served as the Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee from 2017 to 2018. In Congress, Ellison was a vice-chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus and a Chief Deputy Whip. He also sat on the House Committee on Financial Services. Ellison was the first Muslim to be elected to Congress and the first African American representative from Minnesota. I believe a message of solidarity, and economic opportunity, and prosperity is going to win out, and that`s what the Democratic Party stands for, and that is where we`re going to have our focus. Interview with Chris Hayes, November 14, 2016. [1] What role does faith play in my life and when do I talk about it? I talk about it when I'm asked about it. That's pretty much my rule. I don't - I believe that faith is important to Americans, but I also believe very firmly in that constitutional amendment which says Congress shall make no law establishing religion or abridging the free exercise thereof. So it's important in American life, I feel that it is absolutely inappropriate to impose my faith on anyone. But when people want to discuss matters of faith, I find myself willing to do that. Interview with Michel Martin, Feb 2014. [2] It's almost like the Reichstag fire, kind of reminds me of that. After the Reichstag was burned, they blamed the Communists for it and it put the leader of that country [Hitler] in a position where he could basically have authority to do whatever he wanted. The fact is that I'm not saying [Sept. 11] was a [U.S.] plan, or anything like that because, you know, that's how they put you in the nut-ball box - dismiss you. Meeting with Atheists for Human Rights, July 08, 2007. [3] Wikipedia has an article about: Keith Ellison (politician) Official website Keith Ellison at Facebook Keith Ellison at Twitter Keith Ellison at YouTube Keith Ellison - Campaign Site Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Keith Ellison
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Kikugawa (菊川市 kikugawa-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka prefecture. The city is known for production of green tea. There are three conveniently located airports near Kikugawa, in Nagoya (Central Air), Shizuoka, and Narita (Tokyo). By car or bus, it takes 2 hours from Nagoya, 6 hours from Narita, and 40 minutes from Shizuoka to arrive in Kikugawa. Kikugawa is on the Tokai JR train line. From Shizuoka, the train is ¥720 and takes 40 minutes. From Kakegawa, the nearest Shinkansen and major bus stop, it is ¥190 and takes 5 minutes. The Kakegawa Shinkansen stop is on the Tokaido line. Only Kodama trains stop at this station; they run about once an hour. It is 11⁄2 hours from Tokyo (¥7650), an hour from Nagoya (¥5130), and 2 hours from Shin-Osaka station (¥9950). The Shinkansen is the fastest way to get to Kikugawa from many major cities. There is a bus from Nagoya's international airport to Kakegawa, called the Entetsu E-Wing, which costs ¥3400 and takes about 2 hours. They leave about every half-hour except around lunch, when there is a bus every hour. Aoi Rental Car, Shimouchida 1571-1, 0537-36-3255. Kikugawa taxi limited company, 053-736-2321. Ota Rental Car, Takahashi 2402-4, 0120-73-5661. There are two kinds of buses. One is The community bus, 0537-35-0925, costs ¥200 for all journeys. This bus does not run on Saturday, Sunday, Festivals, the New Year’s period. The Shizutetsu bus, 0537-86-2385, runs from Kikugawa station to the Hamaoka bus office. The last bus stop is Sakuriya Kaiyou international school entrance in Kikugawa. Ozika Pond, Tomita 2593, ☏ +81 537-35-1751. The most famous pond in Kikugawa, a popular fishing spot. Hikoichijuku, Ogasa-gun Kikugawa-cho Tomita 2593, ☏ +81 537-35-1751. They offer experiences in traditional Japanease life such as making buck wheat noodles, picking tea leaves, and splitting firewood. Hitsurugi Mountain, Tomita, ☏ +81 537-35-0937. There are many activities at the top of this mountain including a fine view from the look-out point, walking courses, a 70-m roller slide and a campground. Kikugawa Sport Ground, Nishikata 898, ☏ +81 537-35-0919. The sports ground houses a baseball stadium, sport facilities and various playground equipment. Various big tournaments are held here. Blueberry no Sato, Shimohirakawa 667-2, ☏ +81 537-73-6636. This place offers blueberry picking and sells pasta, wine, sweets and so on. All of the products are made from blueberries grown locally. Ebirado, ☏ +81 537-73-2109. Mineda 949. Pick up some of the local sweet, known as shiroshita-gashi. Ikemura Kanko Melon Association, Kamihirakawa 1297, ☏ +81 537-73-4317. Local melons and cantaloupe. JA Enshu Yumesaki, Hanzumi 1100, ☏ +81 537-36-4355. Direct sales of locally grown green tea. Tomutomu no Sato, Shimouchida, ☏ +81 537-36-1630. Local tomatoes. Coco's Restaurant, Kamo 3313-1, ☏ +81 537-37-0701. 10:00-02:00. [dead link] Gusto Restaurant, Hanzumi 1740, ☏ +81 537-37-3502. 08:00-02:00. Kappa Sushi, Kamomiyanonishi 2737-1, ☏ +81 537-37-2288. 11:00-23:00. Minamikazeen, Furuya 673, ☏ +81 537-35-0937. This is a large garden and restaurant. The garden displays many kinds of garden plants and sells various products made from aloe. Mos Burger, Kamo 2194-1, ☏ +81 537-36-5515. 08:00-00:00. Niko Niko, Nishiyoko-chi 2-3, ☏ +81 537-35-6618. 11:30-21:00, closed on Wednesdays. Pony's Toy, Horinoutsi 236-1 (near the station), ☏ +81 537-35-2819. 10:00-22:00, closed on Tuesday. Rouko Ramen, Kamo 2735-1, ☏ +81 537-36-0910. Sawayaka, Kamo 2636, ☏ +81 537-36-1106. M-F Su 11:00-00:00, Sa 11:00-01:00. Shizuoka's favorite hamburger steak restaurant has a location here. Shabu Shabu, Kamo 5270, ☏ +81 537-37-0535. M-F 11:00-14:00, Sa Su and holidays 11:00-14:30 and 17:00-22:00. Shusai ya Obune, Kamo 4948, ☏ +81 537-35-4030, [email protected]. 11:30-14:00 and 17:30-23:00, closed Mondays. Sukiya, Kamo 2659. Open 24 hours. Wagyuu Yakiniku, Kamo 2697, ☏ +81 537-35-0616, [email protected]. M-Sa 17:00-03:00, Su and holidays 16:00-00:00. Business Hotel Hyungen, Kamo 452-3. Single ¥5795, twin ¥9345. Business Hotel Tachibana, Horinouchi 277-5. Two minutes from Kikugawa station. Single ¥5670. Hotel Route Inn, Kamo 2100. Large public bath-room. There is a restaurant. Check-in, 15:00, check-out: 10:00. Single ¥5560. Kakegawa has a fine castle and a number of other attractions. Oigawa Steam Locomotive, (from JR Kanaya Station, one stop east), [1]. This old-fashioned steam locomotive travels up the scenic Oi River Valley to Lake Ikawa. There are two legs of the line; the stretch between Kanaya and Senzu costs ¥1810 each way, and the stretch between Senzu and Ikawa costs ¥1280 each way. From Senzu Station, another ¥860 will also get you a bus which runs to the famous Sumata Gorge Onsen, about 40 minutes away. The gorge has a unique and beautiful 90-m-long suspension footbridge, and offers some excellent hiking opportunities. Omaezaki, to the south, is a great place to hit the beach. Makinohara Iwata Fukuroi Shimada Yoshida Fujieda
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How to Rock (2012) is a show about a band named Gravity 5. It is mainly about a former "perf" named Kacey Simon. Stevie: I see you guys all the time at the mall and all you do is shop and pose. Do you guys have any hobbies? Kacey: We like to shop.....and pose..... Doctor: Kacey Simon, you need glasses. Kacey: What?! Dentist: Kacey Simon, you need braces. Kacey: What?! Kacey: IT'S NOT FOR YOU, YOU FREAK! Kacey: Where have you been?! I called for a code 4, level 9 super secret emergency meeting 10 minutes ago! Molly: This isn't really an emergency for us. This is more of an emergency for you. Kacey: It's really not that big of a deal. Molly: Oh, it's a big deal, Kacey. The whole world knows you're wearing braces and glasses, that you're lisping and that you just loogied into the mouth of one of the hottest boys in school. EPIC fail. Stevie: (walks in) Hey guys. Kacey: Loserberry? Stevie: Excuse me. You call me that name again in front of my friends, and I'll introduce you my bass to your face. Zander: I think it just got a little bit tense in here. Kacey: CAT! Stevie: That is NOT a cat! Zander: I think it ate the cat. Molly: (Gets invitation) The first invitation? Thanks, Justin. Grace: (Gets invitation) The first invitation after Molly's but before everyone else's? Thanks, Justin. Kacey: Last year, he had pigs in a blanket that were actually served by a pig in a blanket. Kacey: It wasn't that great. Will-I-Am only sang three songs. Justin: Yeah, you're that kid who used to run away from his own farts! Nelson: Still do. Kacey: Okay, now, you may be wondering why I've called you all here. Zander: You didn't call us all here. We were rehearsing and you just started talking. Kacey: Okay, you may be wondering why I just started talking during rehearsal. Nelson: Is it to lecture us on how we should act at Justin Cole's party? Kacey: No, it's to answer any questions you may have on how you should act at Justin Cole's party. Kacey: How can they put Molly on the front of the Brewster Quarterly? How can she be the face of the school? Look at this face. This is the face of the school! (points to herself making a mean face) Nelson: That face scares me. Kacey: Not this face. (makes a pretty face) This face. Kevin: I like that face. Oh yeah! Kacey: I'm the face of Gravity 5. Zander: We're all the face of Gravity 5. Kacey: But you're the face of the face of Gravity 5. Kacey: Come back! I really have to pee!!! Zander: I think there's something missing. Everyone: CHEESE! Everyone: We can't hear you, we have cheese in our ears! Kacey: A lot of candidates promise you a lot of things. Some promise you some things. But I, Kacey Simon, am the only candidate who promises you no things. Except one thing: I will be your voice. The voice of the regular kids. I believe Brewster High can be great again. So vote for me. Simon Says. Grace: (Reads) Grace begins reading here, arrow. Zander: Well, that's all the time we have for today. Grace: I'm Grace King, and I'm Zander Robbins. Have a great day! Nelson: At this point Zander, "I want to play the Ukelele" releases the giant hawk that swoops down, picking up Molly, dropping her into the volcano. Zander: Wait a minute, there's a volcano? Stevie: Oh, so you were on-board with the giant hawk but the volcano throws you? Kacey: ...Nobody's looking to see what I'm wearing! And I liked it when they were looking! Kevin: I'm looking at what you're wearing... a lot. Nelson: Dude, the pirate thing's mine. Stevie: We're the surfer fingers! 'Kacey: Grace':? :Grace: Don't tell Molly! Wikipedia has an article about: How to Rock
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Friday, June 2, 2006 The United States District Court for the District of Columbia has ordered four U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) officials to give testimony after a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit was filed by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW). Judge Emmet Sullivan granted a motion for discovery by CREW to serve depositions to James Kovaka and Steve Brady, both attorneys with the DOJ responsible for processing FOIA requests in the case. Also ordered to provide testimony were Daniel Metcalfe, head of the DOJ'S Office of Information and Privacy, and Robert McCallum, Associate Attorney General whose nomination as U.S. ambassador to Australia is currently pending in the Senate. CREW sued after the DOJ failed to respond to the group request for information for close to a year. The request relates to the DOJ's lowering of the government penalty request from $130 billion to $10 billion in the landmark case United States of America v. Philip Morris Incorporated, et al., which CREW believes to be politically motivated. CREW specifically requested the DOJ to disclose contacts between McCallum and his former law firm, which the group says represented the tobacco companies. McCallum is also before a different court with 5 other justice department officials in a trial where they are accused of ethics violations relating to a case involving North American Indians. Emmet Sullivan. "CREW v. U.S. DOJ - Memorandum opinion and order" — United States District Court for the District of Columbia, June 1, 2006 "Judge OKs US officials questioning in tobacco case" — Reuters, June 1, 2006 Pete Yost. "Justice Dept. Official Faces Questioning" — Associated Presst, June 1, 2006 Richard Ackland. "The case of the missing ambassador" — Sydney Morning Herald, May 26,2006
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Nanton is a town of 2,100 (2016) in Southern Alberta. Traditionally a farming and ranching community, Nanton is now a popular tourist destination for its historic main Street and museums. Nanton was historically known as "Tap Town", after providing passing motorists with free water supplied from the foothills via a stand tap on the northbound highway. This water was one of this first to be bottled and sold in Canada, resulting in the creation of Nanton Water & Soda Ltd, still a thriving business in the town today. Nanton is about 45 minutes south of Calgary on Highway 2. Nanton is fairly compact and easily walkable. Highway 2 splits into parallel one-way streets when passing the town, and the historic business district is located between the two streets. Historic Main Street and Antique & Art Walk of Alberta (downtown Nantion). Find boutique shopping, art, collectibles, antiques, and dining. Nanton's independent traders are conveniently located and organized around a walk, enjoy a stroll through our authentic downtown core as you pass from location to location. (updated Mar 2019) 50.3503-113.77681 Bomber Command Museum of Canada, 1659 21 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2270. Tour through the World War II Lancaster Bomber, one of only a very few left in the world. The museum was built by volunteers to honour all those associated with Bomber Command and the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, features the Lancaster, along with other aircraft, World War II vehicles, displays, and memorabilia. by donation. (updated Mar 2019) 50.347-113.7672 Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Centre, 2119 19 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-1146. A set of restored grain elevators and showcases the town's, and Alberta's, agricultural history. (updated Mar 2019) 50.38401-113.7138873 Coutts Centre for Western Canadian Heritage (From Hwy 2 in Nanton: 7.9 km (4.9 mi) east on Hwy 533, 3.4 km (2.1 mi) north on Rge Rd 280), ☏ +1 403-915-6497, [email protected]. Over 18 perennial gardens, walking trails and repurposed historic outbuildings. Artisan market, sculptures, and restaurant on site. (updated Mar 2019) 50.349317-113.7714434 MacEwan School House Visitor Information Centre (20 Ave (Hwy 2 north) between 20 St & 19 St in central Nanton), ☏ +1 587-582-2557. Th-M 10AM-4PM. Nanton's visitor centre is in this 1906 one-room schoolhouse. (updated Mar 2019) 50.348922-113.7740665 Museum of Miniatures, 2120 19 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-3235. (updated Mar 2019) 50.353952-113.7596471 Nanton Golf Club, 2308 22 Street (1 km east of Nanton on Hwy 533), ☏ +1-403-646-2050. 18-hole championship course, with a view of Nanton’s foothills landscape. (updated Mar 2019) 50.355111-113.7674761 Nanton Nite Rodeo (at the Nanton Ag Grounds; east side of Nanton on Hwy 533), [email protected]. July: F Sa. One of Canada's longest running night rodeos. (updated Mar 2019) Because I Said So, 1902 21 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2111. Gift store featuring used books and espresso. (updated Mar 2019) Classic Rodeo Boutique, 2111 20 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-2222. High-end western fashion boutique, featuring Sympli, Joseph Ribkoff, Double D. Ranch and Tasha Polizzi. (updated Mar 2019) Prickly Pear Casa, 2114 20 Street, ☏ +1 403-625-7131. Specializes in home decor and lifestyle objects with a focus on upcycling. (updated Mar 2019) Tea Zehri Loose Leaf Tea & Gift Boutique, 2109 20 Street, ☏ +1 587-737-0060. Get hot tea and cold tea to-go, as well as tins of loose leaf tea to brew at home. (updated Mar 2019) 50.347924-113.7731021 The Candy Store in Nanton, 2131 20 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-0000, toll-free: +1-866-646-7177. The Candy Store in Nanton is a family-owned and -operated business housed inside the historic Hewitt building of 1915; thousands of nostalgic and popular candies imported from around the world. (updated Mar 2019) Willow Creek Forge, 2112 20 Street. Hand-forged lamps, sculptures and decor items; also makes frying pans. (updated Mar 2019) 50.348476-113.7725952 Ironhorse Gallery, 2116 20 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-2448. (updated Mar 2019) 50.34898-113.7718113 Lost Ark Antiques, 1915 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-3003. (updated Mar 2019) 50.349355-113.7721494 Sentimental Journey Antiques, 1901 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2439. Located in Keeley Building, constructed in 1909 as a hardware store and meeting space. Eventually the top floor was converted into apartments. Now features over 9000 square feet in showroom space. (updated Mar 2019) Ken's Restaurant, 1720 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2922. (updated Mar 2019) Sweet Queen Burgers, 2125 19 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-2289. (updated Mar 2019) Stuthornes On Main, 2122 20 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-0048. (updated Mar 2019) Tumbleweed Coffee House, 1905 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-3066. (updated Mar 2019) Wild Thyme Cafe, 2018 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2163. (updated Mar 2019) Auditorium Hotel, 2011 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2746. (updated Mar 2019) Rumors, 2110 19 Street, ☏ +1 403-646-1128. (updated Mar 2019) 50.354283-113.7724151 Nanton Lion's Campground (Hwy 533 on the east side of Nanton, alongside the Mosquito Creek), ☏ +1 403-336-9999. (updated Mar 2019) Ranchland Inn, 1719 20 Avenue, ☏ +1 403-646-2933.
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what he sends into the market of the world is purchased by a fellow-countryman or by a foreigner; whether the drafts or orders he receives come from a Frenchman or an Englishman; whether the commodities for which he afterwards exchanges these drafts or orders are produced on this or on the other side of the Ehine or the Pyrenees. There is always in each individual case an exact balance between what is contributed and what is received, between what is poured into and what is drawn out of the great common reservoir; and if this is true of each individual, it is true of the nation at large. The only difference between the two cases is, that in the last each has to face a more extended market both as regards sales and purchases, and has consequently more chances of transacting both advantageously. This objection may perhaps be urged: If everybody enters into a league not to take from the general mass the commodities of a certain individual, that individual cannot, in his turn, obtain from the mass what he is in want of. It is the same of nations. The reply to this is, that if a nation cannot obtain what it has need of in the general market, it will no longer contribute anything to that market. It will work for itself. It will be forced in that case to submit to what you want to impose on it beforehand—isolation. And this will realize the ideal of the prohibitive régime. Is it not amusing to think that you inflict upon the nation, now and beforehand, this very régime, from a fear that it might otherwise run the risk of arriving at it independently of your exertions?
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GeneTalk, is a web-based platform, tool, and database, for filtering, reduction and prioritization of human sequence variants from NGS data. Users can edit annotation about sequence variants and build up a crowd sourced database with clinically relevant information for diagnostics of genetic disorders. GeneTalk also serves as an expert exchange platform for clinicians and scientists who are searching for information about specific sequence variants and connects them to share and exchange expertise on variants that are potentially disease-relevant. Users can register at www.gene-talk.de and use basic feature for free. GeneTalk is used by human geneticists, scientists, and clinicians for analysis and interpretation of sequence data from NGS for diagnostics of genetic disorders. Registerd users can upload NGS data (in VCF format) of a patient onto the GeneTalk server. All entries of the file are listed in the integrated VCF viewer. A user has the possibility to edit a family tree for pedigree analysis. Using the intuitive filtering tools the user can reduce the number of clinically nonrelevant variants. After filtering and prioritization users can interpret the relevant variants by retrieving information (annotations) about variants from the GeneTalk database. Useres have the option to provide annotations to disease causing variants, by providing publications, comments, and further details about the variant. Using the communication platform a user can contact experts about specific variants, genes, or genetic disorders, to exchange knowledge and expertise. 5 easy steps to analyze VCF files Upload VCF file Edit pedigree and phenotype information for segregation filtering Filter your VCF file by editing the filtering options View results and annotations Write your own annotations GeneTalk offers a variety of filtering option to reduce the non-relevant sequence variants in VCF files. Functional filter (filter out variants that have effects on protein level) Linkage filter (filter out variants that are on specified chromosomes) Gene panel filter (filter variants by genes or gene panels, subscribe to publically available gene panels or create own ones) Frequency filter (show only variants with a genotype frequency lower than specified) Inheritance filter (filter out variants by presumed mode of inheritance) Annotation filter (show only variants that are listed in databases) Users can share VCF files with colleagues and coworkers. The integrated mailig systems allows users to contact experts easily. Users can create annotations and comments and rate annotations regarding disease causing and trustworthiness. This information is helpful for interpretation of human sequence variants and diagnosis of genetic disorders. Registered users provide information about their field of knowledge in their profile and can be contacted by other users. Expertise of a user can consist of genetic disease, gene panels, or single genes. Saving time during data interpretation Reducing costs in diagnostics Professionalization of genetic analysis Up to date data generated by community Communication and exchange of knowledge and expertise Outsourcing of bioinformatic Kamphans, Tom; Krwatiz, Peter (23 July 2012). "GeneTalk: an expert exchange platform for assessing rare sequence variants in personal genomes". Bioinformatics 28 (19): 2515–20156. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts462. PMID 22826540. PMC 3463119. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463119/. , www.gene-talk.de gene-talk.de
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Tuesday, May 31, 2005 Media group, Scottish Radio Holdings (SRH), has reached an agreement to purchase Donegal's popular Highland Radio for around €7 million (USD $8.6 million). The Broadcasting Commission of Ireland has approved the deal in principle; but both the Competition Authority and the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment still are entitled to block the deal. Highland Radio, which broadcasts in north Donegal, Ireland, first hit the airwaves in 1990. It is based in Letterkenny. SRH is a major player in the Irish media market; already owning both Today FM and FM104. Apart from operating radio stations, SRH is also a major player in the weekly newspaper market in the UK and Ireland, owning 45 titles. "Scottish to buy Highland Radio for €7m" — RTE News, May 31, 2005 "Scottish Radio snaps up Irish minnow" — ShareCast, May 31, 2005 "Scottish Radio to buy Donegal Highland Radio for around 7 mln eur" — Forbes, May 31, 2005 "Scottish Radio Holdings to buy Highland Radio for €7m" — Finfacts.com, May 31, 2005 Srhplc.com - SRH's company website Highlandradio.com Highland Radios website
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Sunday, April 30, 2006 Two miners trapped since Tuesday in the Beaconsfield Mine in Tasmania, Australia, have reportedly been found alive by rescuers. Todd Russell and Brandt Webb were trapped by a rockfall caused by a minor earthquake on Tuesday night. Hopes for their survival had faded after the body of a fellow trapped miner, Larry Knight, was discovered on Thursday. According to the mine's owners, the men are located in the mine where they were last seen, over 900m below the surface. Rescuers are communicating with, but still unable to free, the trapped men, and will be supplying them with food and water. It could be up to 48 hours before the men are extracted from the mine. This audio file was created from the text revision dated 2006-05-02 and may not reflect subsequent text edits to this report. (audio help) Audio Wikinews ABC News Online. "Beaconsfield miners found alive" — ABC News Online, April 30, 2006 News.com.au. "Trapped miners 'are alive'" — News.com.au, April 30, 2006 The Australian. "Miners ask rescuers for food." — News.com.au, April 30, 2006
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Social media has come remarkably far since it first made appearances in the lives of everyday people. Modern social medias play a whole new game than they used to, quickly becoming a popular medium for businesses and companies to communicate, engage, advertise, and cater to their consumer population. This means the average business, company (large or small), and employee should acquire some general skills and knowledge about properly using social media in a beneficial manner for that business or corporation. It is beneficial to remember that social media is not just a medium for posting advertisements and promotions for a product or service. Social media is an effective way to engage with the customer and interact with them in a way that will cater to their wants and needs. It allows the customer a feeling of connection with the business and their service or product, which can only help to promote that business and its products. A social media branch of a business or company can serve many purposes: to increase the popularity of a company, product, or service, and to more successfully engage a target market. As with many ventures in the business world, the use of social media is a procedural activity. There are ways to use these new tools efficiently and ways that result in negative connotations. In approaching these medias professionally, one must know how to create proper posts, how to avoid common mistakes, and how to remedy inevitable mistakes. Improving Customer Loyalty - Simply using social media at all can increase customer interest and loyalty. Customers who engage with companies over social media spend 20 percent to 40 percent more money with those companies than other customers. [1] This means integrating social media into a business appeals to the customer on a psychological level which leaves them inclined to spend more. Reward Systems - While it may be obvious that social media can be a beneficial force for businesses, the “how to” can be daunting. However, there are plenty of interesting ways to reach your potential audience. Dell, for example, invites 10 of its loudest critics on an all-expenses-paid trip to Austin, Tex., for a meeting the company calls Customer Advisory Panel Days. [1] Reward systems don’t always have to be extravagant. Sometimes offering customers a free cup of coffee could be enough to initiate interaction. Setting Goals -Presenting social media to the public can be daunting, as this is a marketing style which has the potential to reach hundreds, thousands, or even millions of opinions. Because of this, it is helpful to set goals. Here are some ideas from the Social Times: - Create a content plan and posting calendar, so you know when and what you’re saying. - Find out what type of posts your target demographic specifically wants to see. - Make it your goal to inform, not sell, as this more effectively builds consumer trust. [3] Applying Tactics - The successful use of social media relies heavily on tact. When posting, a business does not want to appear as pushy, as this can become boring, or aggressive, as this may seem rude. Instead, try a ratio-based approach when overtly promoting a business. For example, American Express Open Forum recommends a 1 in 7 approach, only overtly promoting a business in 1 out of 7 posts. [2] Using Multiple Medias - Although posting across multiple social medias isn’t required, if a company should choose this direction to bolster their reach, they should remember to diversify posts to maintain a personal touch. The primary goal of posting through social media is to develop a business personality; the way a business posts will determine that personality. A consumer is more willing to engage with the business that presents the best personality. A business can benefit and expand itself and its promotional boundaries through the use of social medias such as Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram. However, sometimes people fail to realize that a business can also hurt itself when posting on a social media page, putting out posts that can backfire immensely, or not including important information that could really make a difference. Below are some things to avoid and things to look out for when stepping foot in the social media game. Disregarding Concerns - Take customer/follower questions, complaints, or suggestions seriously. Disregarding customer concerns is not only ignorant, it is disrespectful and doesn’t contribute in any way to the personality of a professional business. Inappropriate Posts - Attempting to profit off of catastrophe should be an obvious pitfall. Unfortunately, this is a real blunder which has occurred in the past. Kenneth Cole famously used the Cairo uprisings as a shameless way to promote his new spring collection last year when he posted “Millions are in uproar in Cairo (See Kenneth Cole Incident, Right). [4] Lack of Foresight - McDonald's launched a campaign (#MCDstories) for customers to share their experiences with the company. This particular attempt at social media failed, when instead of posting positive experiences, some customers posted negative, and even appalling ones. [4] While positive public feedback is prized in the marketing world, negative feedback always reverberates louder than positive feedback because a single bad experience can be enough to dissuade other customers’ furthered interactions with a company. Weighing the potential ratio of positive-negative feedback is crucial to creating a social media presentation. As aforementioned, it is a very real possibility, and even commonplace for businesses to make social media blunders. Because the use of social media in the business place is a somewhat new and dynamic practice, approaches are often necessarily experimental, and may go awry. On the other hand, sometimes unseen social mistakes concerning social media are made simply because of a seemingly innocent word or phrase. These mistakes and others can gather unwanted heat from the news media and the corporation’s followers. However it may occur, mistakes are a necessary part of business and they should be approached with appropriate protocol in order to cut down on potential losses. Using Logic - Consider the #McDstories incident mentioned previously. When a mistake isn’t blatantly offensive such as in this case, the there is the possibility of a logical, public response. The response should promote some side of the situation that lends itself to the merit of the company’s actual standards. McDonald’s handled their faulty social media attempt by stating that out of the 72,000 mentions it got that day only 2% of them were negative. [4] While this approach may help to “calm the storm,” it is better not to fight a losing battle and shut down projects that proves ineffectual or harmful. Apologizing - Public apologies are not always necessary. When they are, a mutual offense is usually projected by the followers of the business that warranted it. If a post or usage of social media presents information that coincidentally or even intentionally reaches the public as extremely innapropriate, an apology should become a priority. However, if the situation is not critical enough for a company to be certain about making an apology, it may be more professional for the company not to debase itself further or unnecessarily. To decide whether or not an apology is necessary, a business may consider the following guidelines created by Axia Public Relations for issuing a public apology: Research the source of the complaint and their reach of influence. Before rushing to apologize, understand the reach and influence of the unhappy party. Online conversations are frequently dominated by a very small, unrepresentative few who communicate often and aggressively. If it is not integral to your business, let things play out without any response or time investment, since those who have little influence will have little impact. Don’t focus on the unfavorable minority. Rather than investing time and energy in a few, put more effort into encouraging a supportive vocal majority. Focusing on your positive constituencies will often lead to more positive results, news, posts and engagement. Elevate and appreciate your supporters. It is much easier to thwart negative reviewers and avoid unnecessary apologies when you have droves of positive supporters to counteract the disapproving handful. Use social media to reinforce positive perception. Companies can use social media to negate misperceptions, while leveraging it as a tool to highlight desired opinions. There's no avoiding the fact that social media is vastly considered the primary vehicle for communication. Therefore it is essential for organizations to establish comfortable, working knowledge of best practices when engaging any audience through social media. [[ http://www.axiapr.com/blog/when-should-a-company-apologize-on-social-media%7C[5]]] Facebook is a highly integral social media that has been around since 2004. Facebook is one of the top social media used in the world today which attracts many companies and businesses to promote their services and products on it. Facebook uses a combination of posts, comments, pictures, videos and various other means to communicate between the user and their friends. One beneficial factor of Facebook is the use of groups which help build a community around their business or company. It allows people in the group to comment communally on different posts pertaining to whatever service or product the company is promoting. Help or support groups can also be created for fans or followers so that the company can progress with the assistance of continual feedback. Facebook posting can be casual and interactive, often allowing a company to communicate to their community on a more personal level other than just promotion. A disadvantage of marketing through Facebook is that there may be a lot competition considering Facebook is one of the most popularly utilized social medias. Another disadvantage of Facebook is that it takes a great deal of time and commitment to maintain a community around your company/business and to regularly update posts, comments, etc. Twitter is one of the most interactive social media which allows for quick, quirky posts to allow for easy comments and responses. Twitter lets businesses/companies keep their followers up to date, create trends, and provide their followers for simple tech support. It also allows the business/company to show their personality of their goods and services for the people they are trying to attract. Disadvantages of Twitter is that it is constantly being updated and most posts are missed or skimmed over. There is a 140 character limit so you must be able to get well thought out sentences condensed in the character limit. Another disadvantage is that Twitter is about quick information so videos and a series of photos are often overlooked if they are too long. Also pacing of tweets is also a disadvantage, being that if you spam posts to often followers will start to become annoyed and frustrated. Instagram is a social media which uses solely pictures or videos as posts. Therefore, a business would focus on posting images/videos that would grab consumers/followers interest yet inform them or promote the service or product. The image needs to have a purpose, sending viewers a message or a point to buy a certain product or use the service. Even images containing text which promotes a special offer or sale is a great way to use Instagram to expand business. Pictures and images are perfect for today’s modern society which runs on a rapid pace. Users and consumers today desire speed and convenience; they are not always willing to take the time to read information, so images can be a very efficient way to communicate to customers. Disadvantages of Instagram is that followers are usually looking for pictures that capture their eyes.Anything dealing with long descriptions and too many hashtags tend to be overlooked other than the picture. Also Instagram gives edge to retail business and restaurants because of their use of visuals for their products to look more appealing. Service businesses tend to struggle because other than logo`s and work situations it hard for them to capture eye catching pictures everyday. Also Instagram has commenting, but when comes to responding and messaging to customers Instagram does not excel at direct messaging http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/22/learning-social-media-tricks-from-the-big-boys/?_r=0 https://www.americanexpress.com/us/small-business/openforum/articles/8-best-practices-to-promote-your-business-on-social-media/ http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/how-small-businesses-should-be-using-social-media/616172 http://oursocialtimes.com/when-big-companies-get-social-media-wrong/ http://www.axiapr.com/blog/when-should-a-company-apologize-on-social-media http://www.daracreative.ie/blog/pros-and-cons-facebook-business http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/10-facebook-tactics-by-top-brands/ https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/marketing/online-marketing/using-twitter-to-market-your-business/benefits-of-twitter-for-business http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-twitter-54112.html http://www.dailyblogscoop.com/2012/11/24/the-pros-and-cons-of-instagram-for-business/ http://maximizesocialbusiness.com/benefits-using-instagram-business-10115/ http://www.axiapr.com/blog/when-should-a-company-apologize-on-social-media
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<<< contents - basic story - page stage >>> How to Present the Op-amp I-to-V Converter in a More Attractive Manner (Intended for Enthusiastic Electronics Teachers Who Want Students to Really Understand Circuits) Circuit idea: The op-amp eliminates the resistance by adding as much voltage to the input voltage source as it loses across the resistor. Imagine that we have to solve a well-known problem - to measure a current IIN that flows if we short a real voltage source having an internal voltage VIN and a resistance Ri. For this purpose, in the basic story about the op-amp inverting current-to voltage converter, we have broken the circuit and connected a measuring resistor R to obtain an output voltage VOUT = VR. Only, the voltage drop VR across the resistor R was affecting the input current. So, we have compensated the "disturbing" voltage VR by an "anti-voltage" VH (we have "helped" the input voltage source by another voltage source) and used it as an output voltage (see Fig. 2 below). In this way, we have managed to know how to convert this imperfect passive circuit into an almost ideal op-amp one. Then we were interesting mainly in the circuit structure rather than the circuit operation; that is why we have built the circuit step-by-step following the basic "helping" idea. That would be enough for us, if we were students, hobbysts and technicians who intend just to use this circuit for personal purposes. Only, this is not sufficient, if we are teachers who want to present the circuit operation so that their students to really understand it. In this case we have to get these young people interested in the circuit operation; we have to show them in a more attractive way how the active elements (a man and an op-amp) implement the "helping" idea. For this purpose, we may use here a set of favorite heuristic visualizing tools: voltage bars, voltage diagrams, current loops and superimposed IV curves. Let's first look at Fig. 2. Do you note that the voltages and voltage drops across the components BIN and Ri are positive while the voltages across the components R, BH and L are negative? Then, we may rearrange them in a more suitable form, in order to superimpose the visualizing elements over the circuit diagram (see Fig. 3a below). For this purpose, let's first draw a light red line across the middle of the sheet dividing the plotting area into two parts: a positive upper area and a negative lower area. Then, let's place the elements with positive voltages across them (the excitation voltage source VIN and the internal resistance Ri) in the upper part and the elements with negative voltages across them (the helping voltage source VH, the resistor R and the load L) in the lower part. A tip: think of the red line as a "sea level"; all "positive things" are located "above the sea level" while all "negative things" are "under the sea level". Let's now begin experimenting. If you apply a positive input voltage VIN (Fig. 3a), a current begins flowing through the circuit in a direction VIN >>> Ri >>> R >>> VH. Figuratively speaking, you make the input source "pull" the point A up toward the positive voltage VIN (you, the input source and the resistance Ri "emerge from the sea":). Only, I observe to my great displeasure that the needle deflects to the right and immediately react by decreasing the compensating voltage VH. Now, I make it "pull" the point A down toward the negative voltage -VH (I, the "helping" source, the resistor R and the load "sink into the see":) until it manages to zero the potential VA (the virtual ground). Note how clear it is in this arrangement that the two voltage sources are connected in series, in one and the same direction (- VIN +, - VH +) so that their voltages are added. Actually, they constitute a new compound voltage source, which serves as a "helped" source producing a corrected input voltage. On the graphical presentation (Fig. 3b), when the IV curve of the input voltage source moves horizontally from left to right, the IV curve of the "helping" voltage source moves horizontally from right to left and v.v. As a result, the operating point A slides along a new vertical IV curve, which represents the zero dynamic resistance Rd of the virtual ground. If you apply a negative input voltage VIN under the ground, a current begins flowing through the circuit in an opposite direction: VIN >>> VH >>> R >>> Ri. Now, you make the input source "pull" the point A down toward the negative voltage -VIN (you, the input source and the resistance Ri "sink into the see":). Only, I observe that the needle deflects to the left and immediately react by increasing the compensating voltage VH. Now, I make it "pull" the point A up toward the positive voltage VH (I, the "helping" source, the resistor R and the load "emerge from the sea") until it manages to zero again the potential VA (the virtual ground). The two voltage sources are connected in series again, in one and the same direction so that their voltages are added. Actually, they constitute again a new compound voltage source, which serves as a "helped" source producing a corrected input voltage. On the graphical presentation (Fig. 4b), when the IV curve of the input voltage source moves horizontally from left to right, the IV curve of the "helping" voltage source moves horizontally from right to left and v.v. As a result, the operating point A slides along a new vertical IV curve, which represents the zero dynamic resistance Rd of the virtual ground. Finally, we decide to make an op-amp do this boring work. For this purpose, we connect the op-amp's output in the place of the "helping" voltage source and the op-amp's input to point A so that the op-amp to "help" the input source. Let's now see how the op-amp does this magic. If the input voltage VIN increases, an input current IIN begins flowing through the circuit (Fig. 5a). As a result, a voltage drop VR appears across the resistor and the point A begins rising its potential VA (the input source "pulls" the point A up toward the positive voltage VIN). Only, the op-amp "observes" that to its great displeasure:( and immediately reacts: it decreases its output voltage "sucking" the current IIN until it manages to zero the potential VA. Figuratively speaking, the op-amp "sinks into the see"; it "pulls" the point A down toward the negative voltage -V to establish a virtual ground. It does this magic by connecting a part of the voltage produced by the negative power supply -V in series with the input voltage VIN. The two voltage sources are connected in series, in one and the same direction (- VIN +, - VH +) so that their voltages are added. If the input voltage VIN decreases under the ground, an input current IIN begins flowing through the circuit in an opposite direction (Fig. 5b). As a result, a voltage drop VR appears across the resistor R and the point A begins dropping its potential VA (now, the input source "pulls" the point A down toward the negative voltage -VIN). Only, the op-amp "observes"' that and immediately reacts: it increases its output voltage "pushing out" the current IIN until it manages to zero the potential VA (now, the op-amp "emerges from the see" and "pulls" the point A up toward the positive voltage +V, in order to establish a virtual ground). It does this magic by connecting a part of the voltage produced by the positive power supply +V in series with the input voltage VIN. The two voltage sources are connected in series again, in one and the same direction so that their voltages are added. <<< top - contents - basic story - page stage >>>
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National Index: 88 Johto Index: 116 Hoenn Index: 106 Stage: Basic Height: 0.9 meters (3.0 ft) Weight: 30 kilograms (66 lb) Gender Distribution: 50% Male Ability: Stench/Sticky Hold Type: Poison Species: Sludge Egg Group: Indeterminate Hatch Steps: 5120 Catch Rate: 190 Base Experience: 90 Max Experience: 1000000 Move types which are good on Grimer: Bug1, Ground, Psychic Move types which are bad on Grimer: Bug;2, Fighting, Grass, Poison All other move types are normal effectiveness on Grimer. 1 – Red/Blue/Yellow only 2 – All other Pokemon games Grimer evolves at level 38. RB/Y/GS/C/RS/FL: Double Team, Fire Blast, Rest, Thunder, Toxic RB/Y/C/RS/FL: Thunderbolt GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Frustration, Giga Drain, Hidden Power, Protect, Return, Sludge Bomb, Sunny Day, Thief C/RS/FL: Flamethrower RB/Y: Bide, Body Slam, Explosion, Mega Drain, Mimic, Rage, Selfdestruct, Substitute GS/C: Curse, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Fire Punch, Ice Punch, Mud-Slap, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Thunderpunch, Zap Cannon RS/FL: Dig, Facade, Rain Dance, Rock Tomb, Secret Power, Shock Wave, Taunt, Torment GS/C/RS/FL: Haze, Lick, Mean Look RS/FL: Curse, Explosion, Imprison, Shadow Punch Kantonian Grimer Alolan Grimer - Poison and Dark type. Fossil #48 - Grimer Team Rocket #57 - Grimer Gym Challenge #78 - Koga's Grimer Aquapolis #79 - Grimer EX Dragon #58 - Grimer EX Team Rocket Returns #56 - Grimer
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Progressive Movement - A movement where reformers worked to improve the social and political problems that arose from the vast changes brought by industrialization. Labor Unions brought about the 3 changes above in industry standards. American Federation of Labor (AFL), headed by Samuel Gompers. This union limited its membership to only "Skilled Workers', whcih gave this labor union a lot of bargaining power but left out most workers. Homestead Strikers, failed strike between steel workers and Carnegie in Homestead, Pennsylvania. because deviance broke out, unions were seen as dangerous and it set back the labor movement for several years. Temperance Movement Composed of groups (mostly women) opposed (against) to the making and consuming of alcohol. They supported the 18th Amendment which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Women's Suffrage Increased educational opportunities. Attained voting rights. Women gained the right to vote with the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the US. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth C. Stanton worked for women's suffrage. Labor Union - An organization or wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members' interests with respect to wages (pay) and working conditions. Strike - Method of protest used by unions where workers stop working. Industrial Workers of the World
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"Quotes" are English [Brackets] are Sindarin There is no actual word that explicitly means "A" or "An", instead the words are implied. [edhel] means "elf" or "an elf" [aran] means "king" or "a king" To say "the" the word is [i] before singular nouns or [in] before plural nouns. Before consonants, the article changes the sound, but this will not be discussed until Chapter 3. [i edhel] "the elf" [in edhil] "the elfs" [i ion] "the son" [in ion] "the sons" To say that A owns B you can simply juxtapose the two words, [B A]. This is often done with names, but can always be done even with no names. [aran Gondor] "king of Gondor" [hîr Imladris] "lord of Rivendell (Imladris)" [ion aran] "son of a king" [ion in erain] "son of the kings" [cabed i aras] "leap of the deer" You can also insert the word [en] before singular nouns or [enan] before plural nouns. They are often definate, so "the" can be implied. It CAN be used with names, but this is rare. [cabed en aras] "leap of the deer" [ion en aran] "son of the king" [aran en noeg] "king of the dwarves" [aran Ennorath] "king of Middle Earth" (Ennorath is grammatically plural) [nan] and [nia] can be used instead of [en] and [enan] respectively, but this is rare. Before consonants, [nan] and [nia] change the sound, but this will not be discussed until Chapter 3.
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Carrie is a 2002 film about Carrie White, a bullied by girl, woman and man bullies teenage girl or woman who, after being subjected to both physical and mental harassment by her peers, teachers and abusive mother, discovers she harbors telekinetic powers. Produced and directed by Brian De Palma. Written by Lawrence D. Cohen; Based on the novel by Stephen King. If you got a taste for terror, than you have a date with Carrie. Taglines (To Sue) "You think she (Carrie)'s retarded?" Margaret White: (to Carrie) Go to your closet and pray. Carrie White: No, Mama. Margaret White: (Grabs Carrie's feet) Pray. Carrie White: MAMA, LEMME GO! NOHOHO! (gets locked in the closet by Margaret and probably bangs on/kicks the door at several times) Mama, please! (bangs on/kicks the door at several times) Mama, please! Mama! (cries, lights the candle, and prays) Miss Desjarden: (to girls) You're ugly, let's all see how ugly all of you are! Chris Hargensen: You can't talk to us like this, my dad's a lawyer! Miss Desjarden: Shut up! Open your mouth one more time, and I'll plug you up. Margaret White: (throws hot water on Carrie) You're not going, it's evil and it's a sin. Carrie White: Everything isn't a sin, Mama. Margaret White: Go to your closet...and pray. Carrie White: No. Margaret White: You're going and that's final. Carrie White: Please sit and talk with me. (the noise is heard and Carrie slams the door with her telekinesis) I'm not done talking...(the noise is heard again and Carrie makes the table go probably sideways with telekinesis and other things fall down) Carrie White: Mama, I'm going,...you can't stop me...and I don't wanna talk about it anymore. Encyclopedic article on Carrie (2002 film) at Wikipedia
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Preimages are configurations in the past that lead in one step to the present configuration. The local transition function and the global transition function define the evolution of cellular automata in the forward time direction. To calculate preimages from the present configuration, inverses of the forward mappings must be defined. The preimages of a single cell c x t {\displaystyle c_{x}^{t}} are the locally valid neighborhoods n x t − 1 {\displaystyle n_{x}^{t-1}} defined by the inverse of the local transition function f − 1 ( c x t ) = { n x t − 1 ∈ S N | f ( n x t − 1 ) = c x t } {\displaystyle f^{-1}(c_{x}^{t})=\{n_{x}^{t-1}\in S^{N}\;|\;f(n_{x}^{t-1})=c_{x}^{t}\}} Preimages C t − 1 {\displaystyle C^{t-1}} of a configuration C t {\displaystyle C^{t}} are defined by the inverse of the global transition function F − 1 ( C t ) = { C t − 1 ∈ S Z | f ( C t − 1 ) = C t } {\displaystyle F^{-1}(C^{t})=\{C^{t-1}\in S^{Z}\;|\;f(C^{t-1})=C^{t}\}} Locally valid neighborhoods of adjacent cells must overlap correctly to become globally valid. De Bruijn diagrams describe how sequences can overlap an thus provide a method to calculate global inverses knowing the local inverse. The number p {\displaystyle p} of preimages C t − 1 {\displaystyle C^{t-1}} can vary from none to many, depending on the rule and the present configuration C t {\displaystyle C^{t}} , arising questions about the injectivity, surjectivity and reversibility of the rule. De Bruijn diagrams come from the theory describing shift registers. Its nodes are strings w {\displaystyle w} of symbols over some alphabet, usually all strings of a fixed length. Its directed links describe how this strings overlap if one of them is shifted. Here only shifts of a single cell are described. There is a link from a source node w s = a α {\displaystyle w_{s}=a\alpha } to a drain node w d = β b {\displaystyle w_{d}=\beta b} if string w s {\displaystyle w_{s}} overlap with string o R {\displaystyle o_{R}} shifted right by one symbol. This means that the overlapping source substring α {\displaystyle \alpha } ( w s {\displaystyle w_{s}} without the start symbol a {\displaystyle a} ) is equal to the overlapping drain substring β {\displaystyle \beta } ( w d {\displaystyle w_{d}} without the end symbol b {\displaystyle b} ). The topological matrix of the De Bruijn diagram is d w s w d = { 1 , α = β 0 , α ≠ β {\displaystyle d_{w_{s}w_{d}}={\begin{cases}1,&\alpha =\beta \\0,&\alpha \neq \beta \end{cases}}} For the diagram to be easier to read and use on cellular automata this book uses a diagram representation, where all the nodes are drawn twice. Nodes on the left are source points of links and nodes on the right are drain points of links. The direction of the links is chosen to point in the increasing direction of cell position indexes. See also There is more about De Bruijn diagrams in references. The overlap o i {\displaystyle o_{i}} is the group cells from the overlapping neighborhoods of a pair of adjacent cells c x c x + 1 {\displaystyle c_{x}c_{x+1}} . The size of the overlapping k − 1 {\displaystyle k-1} is one cell less than the size of the neighborhood. o x = c x + 1 − k 0 c x + 2 − k 0 ... c x + k − k 0 − 1 {\displaystyle o_{x}=c_{x+1-k_{0}}c_{x+2-k_{0}}\dots c_{x+k-k_{0}-1}} A compact representation of the overlap is a number with k − 1 {\displaystyle k-1} digits base | S | {\displaystyle |S|} . o x = ∑ i = 0 k − 2 c x + 1 − k 0 + i | S | k − 2 + i = c x + 1 − k 0 | S | k − 2 + c x + 2 − k 0 | S | k − 2 + ⋯ + c x + k − k 0 − 1 | S | 0 {\displaystyle o_{x}=\sum _{i=0}^{k-2}{c_{x+1-k_{0}+i}|S|^{k-2+i}}=c_{x+1-k_{0}}|S|^{k-2}+c_{x+2-k_{0}}|S|^{k-2}+\dots +c_{x+k-k_{0}-1}|S|^{0}} If a cell sequence . . . c x − 2 c x − 1 c x c x + 1 c x + 2 c x + 3 . . . {\displaystyle ...c_{x-2}c_{x-1}c_{x}c_{x+1}c_{x+2}c_{x+3}...} is cut (or joined) into two parts between c x {\displaystyle c_{x}} and c x + 1 {\displaystyle c_{x+1}} , the neighborhood of the last cell in the left part . . . c x − 2 c x − 1 c x {\displaystyle ...c_{x-2}c_{x-1}c_{x}} is overlapping with the neighborhood of the first cell on the right part c x + 1 c x + 2 c x + 3 . . . {\displaystyle c_{x+1}c_{x+2}c_{x+3}...} . The overlap o x {\displaystyle o_{x}} at the cut (or junction) is defined as above and is used to describe the boundaries of sequences. Example: Overlapping of neighborhoods in rule 110 The first step to the preimage matrix is constructing a De Bruijn diagram representing preimages of a single cell in a cellular automaton. It's nodes are all | S | k − 1 {\displaystyle |S|^{k-1}} different overlaps of neighborhoods. The source nodes o L {\displaystyle o_{L}} are overlaps on the left side of the cell and the drain nodes o R {\displaystyle o_{R}} are overlaps on the right side of the cell. The links represent neighborhoods n {\displaystyle n} and connect nodes o L {\displaystyle o_{L}} and o R {\displaystyle o_{R}} according to the next two decompositions: the neighborhood n = c L o R {\displaystyle n=c_{L}o_{R}} is formed from the remaining left cell c L {\displaystyle c_{L}} and the right overlap o R {\displaystyle o_{R}} or the neighborhood n = o L c R {\displaystyle n=o_{L}c_{R}} is formed from the left overlap o L {\displaystyle o_{L}} and the remaining right cell c R {\displaystyle c_{R}} The topological matrix of the diagram is a square of | S | k − 1 × | S | k − 1 {\displaystyle |S|^{k-1}\times |S|^{k-1}} elements. D = [ d 00 d 01 ⋯ d 10 d 11 ⋯ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ] {\displaystyle D=\left[{\begin{matrix}d_{00}&d_{01}&\cdots \\d_{10}&d_{11}&\cdots \\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots \end{matrix}}\right]} The value of an element is 1 {\displaystyle 1} if there is a link between nodes o L o R {\displaystyle o_{L}o_{R}} and 0 {\displaystyle 0} else. d o L o R = { 1 , o L c R = c L o R = n 0 , else {\displaystyle d_{o_{L}o_{R}}={\begin{cases}1,&o_{L}c_{R}=c_{L}o_{R}=n\\0,&{\mbox{else}}\end{cases}}} The next step is to form a symbolic De Bruijn matrix, where elements are link labels. A link representing the neighborhood n {\displaystyle n} is labeled according to the output cell value c = f ( n ) {\displaystyle c=f(n)} defined by the local transition function. Node pairs without a link can be labeled with a dot. d o L o R = { f ( n ) , o L c R = c L o R = n . , else {\displaystyle d_{o_{L}o_{R}}={\begin{cases}f(n),&o_{L}c_{R}=c_{L}o_{R}=n\\.,&{\mbox{else}}\end{cases}}} The last step is to form preimage matrices D ( c ) {\displaystyle D(c)} one for each of the | S | {\displaystyle |S|} available cell states c {\displaystyle c} . There is a link between a pair of nodes o L o R {\displaystyle o_{L}o_{R}} only if the relative neighborhood n {\displaystyle n} leads to the desired cell value c {\displaystyle c} . d o L o R ( c ) = { 1 , o L c R = c L o R = n ∧ f ( n ) = c 0 , else {\displaystyle d_{o_{L}o_{R}}(c)={\begin{cases}1,&o_{L}c_{R}=c_{L}o_{R}=n\wedge f(n)=c\\0,&{\mbox{else}}\end{cases}}} Example: De Bruijn and preimage diagrams in rule 110 Before the definition of the preimage matrix can be extended to a sequence of cells α {\displaystyle \alpha } the meaning of the matrix elements must be defined, so the definition can be checked against it. Entries d o L o R {\displaystyle d_{o_{L}o_{R}}} in the matrix D ( α ) {\displaystyle D(\alpha )} represent the number of preimages of length | α | + k − 1 {\displaystyle |\alpha |+k-1} that begin with the left overlapping o L {\displaystyle o_{L}} and end with the right overlapping o R {\displaystyle o_{R}} . α t − 1 = o L β R = β L o R ∧ F ( α t − 1 ) = α t ⇒ | F − 1 ( α t ) | = d o L o R ( α t ) {\displaystyle \alpha ^{t-1}=o_{L}\beta _{R}=\beta _{L}o_{R}\;\wedge \;F(\alpha ^{t-1})=\alpha ^{t}\quad \Rightarrow \quad |F^{-1}(\alpha ^{t})|=d_{o_{L}o_{R}}(\alpha ^{t})} The preimage matrix of a string of cells α = c p c p + 1 ... c q {\displaystyle \alpha =c_{p}c_{p+1}\dots c_{q}} is the multiplied chain of single cell matrices D ( α ) = D ( c p c p + 1 ... c q ) = ∏ x = p q D ( c x ) = D ( c p ) ⋅ D ( c p + 1 ) ⋯ D ( c q ) {\displaystyle D(\alpha )=D(c_{p}c_{p+1}\dots c_{q})=\prod _{x=p}^{q}D(c_{x})=D(c_{p})\cdot D(c_{p+1})\cdots D(c_{q})} The preimage matrix of an empty string ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } is an identity matrix. D ( ε ) = I {\displaystyle D(\varepsilon )=I} Proof: Proof of the preimage matrix equation for sequences ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } The preimage vector consists of | S | k − 1 {\displaystyle |S|^{k-1}} nonnegative integer entries, one for each of the possible neighborhood overlaps or nodes of the preimage diagram. Elements p i {\displaystyle p_{i}} of the preimage vector b x {\displaystyle b_{x}} count the preimages that contain an overlap o x = i {\displaystyle o_{x}=i} of value i {\displaystyle i} at position x {\displaystyle x} in the present cell sequence. b x = [ p 0 , p 1 , ... , p i − 1 , p i , p i + 1 , ... , p | S | k − 1 − 1 ] {\displaystyle b_{x}=[p_{0},p_{1},\dots ,p_{i-1},p_{i},p_{i+1},\dots ,p_{|S|^{k-1}-1}]} The preimage vector is used to describe the boundary or more precisely it can describe the preimage count at one side of a junction of two strings. to describe the right boundary of the string α = ... c x − 1 c x {\displaystyle \alpha =\dots c_{x-1}c_{x}} the right boundary vector b R {\displaystyle b_{R}} is used, it counts preimages to the right from the junction to describe the left boundary of the string α = c x + 1 c x + 2 ... {\displaystyle \alpha =c_{x+1}c_{x+2}\dots } the left boundary vector b L {\displaystyle b_{L}} is used, it counts preimages to the left from the junction The unrestricted boundary is usually used to avoid any specific boundary. It is assumed that there is exactly one preimage for each overlap. All the entries in the vector are 1 {\displaystyle 1} . b u = [ 1 , 1 , ... , 1 ] | b u | = | S | k − 1 {\displaystyle b_{u}=[1,1,\dots ,1]\qquad |b_{u}|=|S|^{k-1}} Since there can be an infinite number of preimage for a semi-infinite sequence, usually only periodic sequences are used, counting only preimages of the period α {\displaystyle \alpha } b L = b u D ( α ) {\displaystyle b_{L}=b_{u}D(\alpha )\,} b R = D ( α ) b u T {\displaystyle b_{R}=D(\alpha )b_{u}^{T}} Quiescent and ether backgrounds can be represented by periodic sequences. See also Cellular Automata/Boundary Conditions for more details on boundary conditions Example: Some common boundary conditions in rule 110 The number of preimages p {\displaystyle p} (paths through the network) of a sequence α {\displaystyle \alpha } with the left boundary condition b L {\displaystyle b_{L}} and the right boundary condition b R {\displaystyle b_{R}} is defined as p = b L D ( α ) b R T {\displaystyle p=b_{L}D(\alpha )b_{R}^{T}} The unrestricted boundary is commonly used and it counts all the preimages of a sequence D ( α ) {\displaystyle D(\alpha )} exactly ones. The number of preimages is simply the sum of all elements in the preimage matrix D ( α ) {\displaystyle D(\alpha )} . p = b u D ( α ) b u T {\displaystyle p=b_{u}D(\alpha )b_{u}^{T}\,} Since a string in a cyclic lattice must have the same overlapping at its left and right side, only elements on the diagonal of the De Bruijn matrix form valid preimages. The number of all preimages of a string α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the sum of elements on the diagonal. p = ∑ i = 0 | S | k − 1 d i i ( α ) {\displaystyle p=\sum _{i=0}^{|S|^{k-1}}d_{ii}(\alpha )} A garden of eden sequence does not have preimages. For finite strings on an infinite lattice this is true exactly when the De Bruijn matrix of the string is a zero matrix M 0 {\displaystyle M_{0}} (all elements are zero). D ( α ) = M 0 ⇒ α ∈ G {\displaystyle D(\alpha )=M_{0}\Rightarrow \alpha \in G} Any string which substring is a garden of eden is a garden of eden. ∀ β L , β R [ α ∈ G ⇒ β L α β R ∈ G ] {\displaystyle \forall \beta _{L},\beta _{R}\;[\alpha \in G\Rightarrow \beta _{L}\alpha \beta _{R}\in G]} A garden of eden can be the consequence of the boundary conditions, both restricted of cyclic boundaries. Example: Garden of eden sequences in rule 110 The proof of the formula on sequences is an induction on the length of the string. Base ( l = 0 , 1 {\displaystyle l=0,1} ) If the length of the string is 0 {\displaystyle 0} than there is no shift and nodes are linked only to themselves. For the string of length 1 {\displaystyle 1} the meaning of the single cell preimage matrix elements is evident from the definition. Induction D ( α a ) = D ( α ) D ( a ) {\displaystyle D(\alpha a)=D(\alpha )D(a)\,} Harold V. McIntosh, Linear Cellular Automata Via de Bruijn Diagrams, August 10, 1991 (HTML, PDF) Harold V. McIntosh, Ancestors: Commentaries on The Global Dynamics of Cellular Automata by Andrew Wuensche and Mike Lesser (Addison-Wesley, 1992), July 20, 1993 (HTML, PDF) Erica Jen, Enumeration of Preimages in Cellular Automata, Complex Systems 3 (5) (1989) 421-456 Burton Voorhees, Predecessors of cellular automata states II. Pre-images of finite sequences, Phisica D 73 (1-2) (1994) 136-151 Iztok Jeras, Andrej Dobnikar Algorithms for computing preimages of cellular automata configurations PDF DDLab Tools for researching Cellular Automata, Random Boolean Networks, multi-value Discrete Dynamical Networks, and beyond; by Andy Wuensche. Iztok Jeras, Algorithms for computing preimages of cellular automata configurations TAR.BZ2 Cellular Automata Pre-Image Generator CAPIG is a user-friendly free software made to find pre-images according to the user chosen configuration.
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Wednesday, March 21, 2007 Pakistan beat Zimbabwe by 93 runs in Group D of the 2007 Cricket World Cup at Sabina Park, Kingston, Jamaica. After rain delayed proceedings, Zimbabwe's target was reduced by the Duckworth-Lewis method to 193 runs from 20 overs. This was a game of farewells for Pakistan; their first game since the death of their coach Bob Woolmer, this also was their final match in the competition, and the last ODI match for their captain Inzamam-ul-Haq. Toss: Zimbabwe won, and elected to field first. Fall of wickets: 1-31 (Kamran Akmal, 6.3 ov), 2-88 (Shoaib Malik, 17.4 ov), 3-158 (Inzamam-ul-Haq, 27.4 ov), 4-170 (Mohammad Yousuf, 30.4 ov), 5-252 (Younis Khan, 40.1 ov), 6-285 (Shahid Afridi, 43.1 ov), 7-295 (Imran Nazir, 44.1 ov), 8-301 (Mohammad Sami, 45.5 ov), 9-324 (Umar Gul, 47.5 ov), 10-349 (Iftikhar Anjum, 49.5 ov) Fall of wickets: 1-0 (Sibanda, 0.2 ov), 2-12 (Chibhabha, 4.6 ov), 3-14 (Kasteni, 5.3 ov), 4-45 (Taylor, 12.1 ov), 5-45 (Matsikenyeri, 12.2 ov), 6-77 (Chigumbura, 15.1 ov), 7-93 (Williams, 16.6 ov), 8-94 (Brent, 17.2 ov), 9-94 (Mupariwa, 17.5 ov), 10-99 (Mpofu, 19.1 ov) Pakistan: Imran Nazir, Shahid Afridi, Younis Khan, Mohammad Yousuf, Inzamam-ul-Haq (capt), Shoaib Malik, Kamran Akmal (wkt), Mohammad Sami, Iftikhar Anjum, Umar Gul, Danish Kaneria Zimbabwe: V Sibanda, F Kasteni, C J Chibhabha, S Matsikenyeri, B R M Taylor (wkt), S C Williams, E Chigumbura, P Utseya (capt), G B Brent, C B Mpofu, T Mupariwa Player of the match: Imran Nazir (Pakistan) Umpires: B G Jerling (South Africa) and S J A Taufel (Australia) TV umpire: I J Gould (England) Match referee: B C Broad (England) Reserve umpire: B F Bowden (New Zealand) "7th Match, Group D: Pakistan v Zimbabwe at Kingston - Mar 21, 2007" — Cricinfo, March 21, 2007 "ICC World Cup: Pakistan v Zimbabwe" — Cricinfo, March 21, 2007
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Saturday, February 27, 2021 Obituaries December 16, 2021: Top Indian general dies in helicopter crash December 16, 2021: Younger brother of North Korean founding leader dies aged 101 November 15, 2021: Winter, dolphin with prosthetic tail, dies at 16 February 27, 2021: Wikinews mourns loss of volunteer John Shutt February 5, 2021: Fundraiser Captain Sir Tom Moore dies aged 100 with COVID-19 Collaborate! Pillars of Wikinews writing Writing an article On Friday, Wikinews learned Dr John Nathan Shutt, a long-time contributor to both Wikinews and Wikibooks, died on Wednesday. Editing under the name Pi zero, he was at the time the top contributor to Wikinews by edit count, and came third on English Wikibooks. Dr Shutt was 56 years old. Dr Shutt's elder sister, Ms Barbara Shutt, informed Wikinews about his death via email on early Friday. His mother Elsie Shutt had called 9-1-1 emergency services after he had trouble breathing. By the time the ambulance came, Dr Shutt was unconscious. Ms Barbara Shutt also added the doctors operated on him for two hours, but at the end, Dr Shutt died either by blood clots or by a series of heart attacks. Dr Shutt was the most active editor and administrator on this project and had been contributing as Pi zero since September 2008. He was promoted to administrator in July 2010 and became a reviewer in August 2010. Since then, he has peer-reviewed then published over a thousand news articles on-wiki, the most recent being just a day before his death. He made over 160 thousand edits and over 120 thousand log entries on English Wikinews. He also held reviewer and administrator privileges on English Wikibooks, having contributed to several wikibooks including Conlang, World Religions, Solar System and The Elements; and created Stacks, a mechanism for sorting the project's content. Dr Shutt would occasionally write blogs on his blogger called "Structural insight". Dr Shutt was interested in constructed languages (conlangs). He was an avid reader, and enjoyed J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings novels. In a discussion about Tolkien's works last year, Dr Shutt said, "I read The Hobbit when I was, I think, a teenager. I read it again a few months ago; not sure if I ever read it between those times. It's a wonderfully written story --- by a linguist and, in fact, a conlanger. I've got the Lord of the Rings (the books, I mean), which I've read at least a couple of times over the years. And the Silmarillion, which covers the earliest part of Tolkien's legendarium. Christopher Tolkien, his son who was close to his fantasy writing, is his literary executor and has spent the past half century of his life editing and publishing various of his father's papers. I actually got for christmas... a year ago, I think, The Fall of Gondolin, which Christopher says will be the last of his father's books that he publishes." Dr Shutt was awarded a PhD in Computer Science in 2011 from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Massachusetts. His research interests included Abstraction theory; the Kernel programming language, a Lisp-based language which he created and was his dissertation topic; Recursive Adaptive Grammars, the core of his master's thesis as well as Self-Modifying Finite Automata which he developed with Roy Rubinstein. He had received his master's degree in 1993, five years after finishing his bachelor's degree, both from WPI. Dr John Shutt was also interested in adaptive grammar as well as category theory. He often programmed in Lisp, enjoyed xkcd comics and used Emacs as his choice of text editor. He had spent one year at the Brown University for his post-graduate academics. Recalling the experience, Dr. Shutt said, "I spent one year at Brown, but it didn't work. And was a traumatic experience for me; it took me a couple of years to recover enough to make a second try at graduate school." Dr Shutt shared an office with Paul Howard in the 1988/89 academic year at Brown University. In July 2019, Dr Shutt said, "It saddens me that I forgot to wish Paul Howard a happy birthday this year, and he appears to have forgotten to wish me one either. First time we've failed to exchange birthday wishes, even if belatedly, since we were assigned to share an office in the 1988/89 academic year at Brown". Play media Andres Navarro and Oto Havle had created an implementation of Kernel programming language, called kernel, which was mentioned in a presentation at BSDCan by Michael MacInnis. Recalling that incident in November, Dr Shutt said, "Two or three years ago, this guy Michael MacInnis emailed me. He was getting ready to give a talk at BSDCan (an annual BSD conference in Canada) about a new UNIX shell he was ready to release, called Oh; and he wanted to know if it was okay if he mentioned my name in regard to fexprs, 'cause my dissertation had come out as he was putting the design together and Kernel-style fexprs fit wonderfully well with his concept so he used them. I assured him I was fine with having my name mentioned. Last night I was watching the video he provides of his talk, which iirc he felt went very well. I've been meaning to learn in more detail how the shell works; it was kind of fascinating to me how it very easily does away with most of Lisp's parentheses despite being fundamentally Lisp. (Cons cells and fexprs. Profoundly Lisp.)". Dr Shutt lived with Asperger's syndrome. In a discussion with one of the Wikimedia volunteers, he said, "As often happens with aspies, I was a hyperlexic kid, some of which has lingered." Dr Shutt lived in Massachusetts, US, and is survived by his mother Elsie Shutt, his sister and niece Barbara and Hannah Shutt, his cat Pickles and his brother David Shutt. Dr Shutt would have turned 57 next Friday. "Seven Russians infected with H5N8 bird flu; first cases reported in humans" — Wikinews, February 23, 2021 Conlang Wikijunior:World Religions Wikijunior:Solar System Wikijunior:The Elements Wikibooks Stacks File:Michael MacInnis - Oh a new Unix shell - BSDCan 2018.webm "English Wikinews user statistics" — WikiScan, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "English Wikibooks user statistics" — WikiScan, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "klisp source code" — git.hannabi.in, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "klisp" — klisp.org, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Academic Work" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "The Kernel Programming Language" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Abstraction Theory" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Self-Modifying Finite Automata" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Adaptive Grammars" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "My Master's Thesis" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "User contributions (Wikinews)" — Wikinews, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "User rights log (Wikinews)" — Wikinews, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "User rights log (Wikibooks)" — Wikibooks, February 26, 2021 (date of access) "User:Pi zero (Wikibooks)" — Wikibooks, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Structural insight" — Blogspot, February 26, 2021 (date of access) BSDCan. "Michael MacInnis: Oh a new Unix shell - BSDCan 2018" — YouTube, August 2, 2018 The Boston Globe. "Phillip R. Shutt" — legacy.com, April 19, 2012 Dr John Shutt. "Web Surfing" — Worcester Polytechnic Institute, February 26, 2021 (date of access) Dr John Shutt. "Structural insight" — Blogspot, February 26, 2021 (date of access)
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE TELEGRAPH ELECTRICAL SOCIETY, MELBOURNE by B. McMahon, D.P.A. A.M.I E. (Aust) In the June, 1938, issue of the "Telecommunication Journal of Australia," Mr. E. J. Credlin, in writing of the inauguration of the Postal Electrical Society in 1908, referred to the formation of the first Electrical Society in Victoria in 1874. Through the courtesy of Mr. F. R. Bradley, Superintendent of Mails, Sydney, copies of the transactions of this Society have been made available. The transactions were first published in a bound volume issued in 1875, from which it is learnt that the first Ordinary General Meeting was held on Wednesday, 12th August, 1874. On one of the introductory pages it is advertised that the Society was established "for the promotion of the knowledge of electricity, especially as connected with telegraphy." The Society arranged to meet for the transaction of business at the Melbourne Athenaeum on the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month at 8 p.m. The first Committee of Management comprised Mr. G. Smibert, Mr. D. Mickle, Mr. D. J. McGauran and Mr. H. W. Jenvey. The Honorary Secretary and Treasurer was Mr. L. S. Daniel. Throughout the first volume of transactions, Messrs. McGauran and Daniel were frequent contributors, and apparently their work and enthusiasm contributed greatly to the successful establishment of the Society. The subscription was £1 per annum for town members and 10/- per annum for corresponding (or country) members. In the early volume no mention is made of a President, and the transactions show that there was a different Chairman at each meeting, Mr. D. J. McGauran occupying the chair at the first meeting, followed by Mr. C. W. Miller, Mr. D. Mickle and Mr. George Smibert. There were 48 members and 61 corresponding members, and at the inception of the Society membership was restricted "for the present" to officers of the Post and Telegraph Department. On September 9th, 1874, however, it was resolved "that any gentleman intimately connected with the practice of telegraphy in this or the neighbouring colonies shall be eligible for membership of this Society." Apparently no provision was made for female, or perhaps in the spirit of the age I should say lady members, for Rule No. 12 provided eligibility for membership for no others than "any gentleman intimately connected with the practice of telegraphy . . . . " We can admire the broad outlook of the founders of this Society, who so soon after its inception made membership available to telegraph workers in the neighbouring colonies, a quarter of a century before Australia became a Federation. In 1875 the telegraphic art was more or less a mystery to the general public, if not to many members of the Department, and in this respect it is interesting to read that a short elementary lecture on electric telegraphy was given by Mr. L. S. Daniel as an introduction to the Exhibition of the Electric Telegraph at a public entertainment which was given by the members of the Society at the Melbourne Athenaeum on Monday, 1st February, 1875. The entertainment, which was presided over by Mr. Turner, the then Deputy Postmaster-General of Victoria, "was very successful, and the Melbourne Press was unanimous in pronouncing it one of the most interesting lectures ever given in the city." In recent times there has been much discussion on the use of proper functional designations for professional and technical occupations, and some of the words around which the discussion has turned are "Mechanic," "Electrician" and "Engineer." Those who now lean to the word "Electrician" are perhaps unconsciously following a precedent established as far back as 1874, when Mr. H. W. Jenvey, in his paper on "Electrical Resistance," wrote "and here I will introduce a fundamental law of electrical measurement named after an Electrician who put it into form. It is, "That the quantity of electricity passing a given point in a circuit in a given time is equal to the electromotive force, or original and natural power of the battery, divided by the resistance of the circuit." This is called Ohms Law, and Mr. Culley, the Electrician, calls it "the basis of all the mathematical laws of electric currents" — a very important definition." That these Electricians of the past were no less human than the Mechanics, Linemen, Electricians and Engineers of today may be gathered from the observations of Mr. L. S. Daniel at the first Ordinary General Meeting of the Society. Mr. Daniel, in submitting that the object of members was to gain knowledge, which was power, put it that "If our value be increased, we may naturally expect a tangible recognition of this improvement." He is rather diffident in mentioning this aspect, and confesses that he "would never have thought of putting the matter in such plain language as he finds it in the Journal of the Telegraph Engineers' Society of London, where he came across the following passage in a lecture, on the Advantages of Scientific Education, delivered by Mr. W. H. Preece, C.E." Mr. Preece, afterwards Sir William Preece, Chief Engineer of the British Post Office, said, "There is no doubt that a knowledge of the technical details of telegraphy will eventually lead to an increase of the emoluments of those who are now engaged in the Department." The Society continued to prosper in its first year, and we find that, by July, 1875, the membership had increased to 49, with 78 corresponding members. Though Rule No. 12 making "any gentleman" eligible for membership apparently remained unaltered, we find in the Progress Report for the quarter ending the 30th April, 1875, that the Society had a number of lady members, donations towards the printing fund of the Society having been received from "the following members:— Miss F. A. Dobson, Telegraph Office, Dandenong, 10/-; Mrs. S. E. Kinahan, of Terang, 10/-; Miss E. Allison, of Sorrento, 5/-." The report states that, "These donations are the more gratifying that they have been quite unsolicited." For the information of its members, the Society published in its transactions a reference to "telegraphing the St. Leger, 1874." Over the four days' race meeting the total number of messages transmitted "reached the astounding figure of 16,500." On the same page a reference is made to working speeds of morse instruments. From New York came two instances of fast transmission of ordinary messages, viz., 330 messages in 6 hours, 30 minutes, 50.7 per hour, and 136 messages in 2 hours, 68 per hour. It is then recorded that, on the occasion of the last Melbourne Cup race (1874) 216 messages were sent from the racecourse to Melbourne, on one of the wires, in 1 hour and 58 minutes, being at the rate of 109.8 per hour, while at the Cup of the previous year the rate was 124.5 per hour. It is explained that, on account of the frequent occurrence of the same names, abbreviations could be used to a great extent, and it is then added that, "As a matter of swift penmanship on the part of the receiving operator, these performances could not easily be surpassed." It is clear that our pioneer members did not intend to be outdone by any reports from America. Even in the first year of its life the Society did not lack recognition overseas, for it is reported that Mr. H. W. Jenvey's paper on "The Adjustment of the Morse Instrument," which was read before the Society in October, 1874, was published in the London Telegraphic Journal of July 1st, 1875. Reading on through the transactions, we are brought nearer to the present day by seeing a name at present well known in telegraph and telephone engineering circles in Victoria, for on the 22nd September, 1875, "Mr. H. Quarry described and illustrated Wheatstone's Alphabetical Instrument by taking to pieces and showing the construction and mechanism of its different parts." In the same issue we find the Society attempting to lighten the tedium associated with reading heavy technical matter by including a paragraph culled from the "Electrical News," which read: "The practice of hanging linen to dry on the telegraph wires has, according to the Pall Mall Gazette, lately become general in Armenia, and revealed the hitherto unknown fact that the peasantry of that country are in the habit, occasionally, of washing their clothes . . . . " The march of time in the affairs of nations is brought vividly before us in reading the report of the International Telegraphic Conference which was held at St. Petersburg, We no longer hear this city so named, but surely all engaged in the business of telecommunication will derive some satisfaction from the thought that, for three-quarters of a century, representatives of all nations have gathered together for a common purpose and discussed amicably and with such wonderful results the problems which have arisen in telecommunication affairs throughout the world. Another matter of interest in the same issue is an extract from the "Queensland Times" of March, 1875. The editor of this paper often wondered how it was that a proper word had not been invented to express the name of a message sent by the submarine wire, without pedantry. He affirmed that the word "Cablegram" was simply execrable, both in sound and linguistic propriety. He then suggests, "Why not use the euphonius word "Calogram," which is from the Greek word "Calos" — a cable? . . . " and to think that, in 1939, we are still using "Cablegram." In the transactions for the year ending July 31st, 1875, is published an extract from the "Sydney Morning Herald" of January 11th regarding the submarine cable to connect the Colony of New South Wales with New Zealand. "The Herald" article reported that the first portion of the cable arrived in the steamship "Edinburgh," which was the first cable ship that had then visited this part of the world. On this account the arrival of the ship created great interest in Sydney. She carried a 240-mile length of the New Zealand cable, the remainder being on board the "Hibernia," which was expected in Sydney in another few weeks. It was reported also that the "Edinburgh" on the same trip brought from England a short cable "about 35 miles in length, which she laid near Adelaide, across what is known as the Back Passage, to connect the telegraph line between Western and South Australia." South Australian members might know what has become of this cable. That the same friendly spirit which now characterises the association of technical officers of the telecommunication services was in existence to just the same extent in the early days of telegraph societies may be gleaned from a report of a gathering held on Tuesday evening, 7th March, 1875, at 9 p.m. About 60 officers of the Department assembled at Clement's Cafe (Does any member remember it?) to make a presentation of a silver tea and coffee service to Mr. D. J. McGauran. The report relates that, "It having transpired early in March that the New South Wales Government had secured the services of Mr. D. J. McGauran, Operator, of the Melbourne Office, and a member of the Committee of Management of this Society, it was immediately and unanimously resolved not to allow him to leave the Department in which he had for so many years been so deservedly popular, without some souvenir from his fellow-telegraphists." The Chairman was Mr. T. R. James, who referred to his amusement at receiving a letter from a country member complaining that "New South Wales was gobbling up all the plums." Mr. James added that "the sister Colony had now gobbled up our choicest plum. (Hear, hear.)" A separate paragraph in the report relates that "Champagne and other refreshments being now introduced, the Chairman called upon the meeting to drink Mr. McGauran's health, which was done amid great applause." It is not known what effect the refreshments had on the gathering, but it is naively reported later that, "The official portion of the proceedings having now terminated, the remainder of the evening was spent in a most pleasant manner." (The black type is ours.) The report concludes, "Some astonishment was subsequently excited at the Hobson's Bay Railway Terminus by the larger portion of the meeting accompanying Mr. McGauran to the St. Kilda 11 p.m. train, and saluting him as the train moved off, with hearty cheers." It may be a fair inference that the last train in those days departed at 11 p.m. Those members who are particularly concerned with the telephone side of telecommunication will be interested in a report headed "Novel Telegraphy in Canada." It includes an extract from the "Brantford Expositor," which relates that a number of gentlemen interested in scientific matters recently assembled at the office of the Dominion Telegraph Company to witness some very wonderful experiments on an apparatus invented by Mr. A. Graham Bell, son of Professor A. M. Bell, of Tutelan Heights. "This gentleman claims to be able to transmit musical sounds over a telegraph wire." Members are aware of the rapid progress made in the years immediately following, and the photograph published in the June, 1938, issue of the welcome to Dr. Graham Bell at Melbourne Central Exchange on the 17th August, 1910, will now be of special interest. From 1874 to 1876 the proceedings of the Telegraph Electrical Society were published as "transactions." In the next issue covering the period March to July inclusive, 1877, the title "Journal" is used, and as the only other copy of the proceedings which is available is for the January to December period of 1881, when the term "Journal" is still used, it may be assumed that the "transactions" permanently gave way to the "Journal of the Telegraph Electrical Society, Melbourne." In the 1877 Journal further reference is made to Professor Graham Bell's telephone. "The most wonderful of these telephones is that invented by Professor Graham Bell. By means of his telephone the human voice (or any other sound) is carried by magnetic currents along a telegraphic wire and reproduced at the stations on the lines . . . . It has been seen by Sir William Thomson and pronounced by him to be "the greatest by far of all the marvels of the Electric Telegraph," and the Telegraphic Journal, London, states that so many proofs have been given of the authenticity of the invention that its reality can no longer be a matter for doubt." That this confidence in the report was not shared by the editors of the Melbourne Journal may be gathered from the comment just a little later in the report. It reads: "What we are called upon to believe about this invention is of such a nature as to make a personal inspection of it almost essential, in order to destroy all doubt of its reality." After a reference to the method of working the report goes on: "This is hard enough to believe, but when we have to add to this that the vibrations are produced in the first instance by the human voice, and that the vibrations produced on the plate at the other end of the line are made to reproduce the articulate sounds of the human voice, surely it is no wonder that there are to be found persons of no small scientific attainments who, in the absence of ocular demonstration, have declared the so-called invention to be 'a physical impossibility.' " (Reference July, 1877.) However, the editors were not without a broad outlook on general matters, and during 1875 an article was published on the "Typewriter." It said that, although this clever invention was not directly connected with electricity nor with telegraphy, the art of fast writing was so important a feature of the latter that it was considered the accompanying article (from "The Times" of April 25th) would not be out of place in the Journal. One of these instruments was reported to be in the possession of the New South Wales Telegraph Department, and the Committee of Management of the Victorian Society indicated that it would be glad to have a practical opinion of the estimation in which it was held there. In "The Times" article the reporter states that, "The typewriter more nearly resembles in outward appearance a sewing machine than anything else. . . . The uses of this ingenious contrivance are so obvious and so numerous that we may content ourselves by observing that the only work to which it cannot be applied is that of bookkeeping or writing in books." In the Journal for the period ending July, 1877, is published an account of the first steps in electric telegraphy in England, being an ex- tract from the inaugural address by Mr. C. V. Walker, F.R.S., on the 12th January, 1876, on being elected President of the Society of Telegraph Engineers. Mr. Walker referred to the deep debt of gratitude owed to electric telegraphs by the Railways, but he remarked that the debt was not all on one side. He quoted remarks published as early as March, 1850, that "The electric telegraph is greatly indebted to the Railways, if not for its existence, at least for the friendly hand they have held out to it, and indeed for the protecting care with which they have guarded it . . . . This little line of telegraph (Great Western Railway) was then one of the sights of London. Well do I remember in 1845 paying my shilling to see it. It was made known by handbills to passers-by." Present members will be interested in the reprint of the handbill published on this page. It is of interest to note the comparatively wide range of technical discussion and study covered in the early years of the Society, despite the limited membership and the restricted facilities. Following are titles of some of the lectures delivered between 1874 and 1877, following the inaugural lecture by Mr. L. S. Daniel on "The objects, use and working of the Telegraph Electrical Society":— By Mr. Geo. Smibert: Electricity; Origin of the Voltaic Current; Magnetism and Electro-Magnetism; Arrangement of Circuits and Commutators in the Chief E.T.O., Melbourne. By Mr. D. J. McGauran:— Duplex Telegraphy (with demonstration); On the Transmission of two messages in the same direction at the same time on one wire; An auto-translator for closed circuits. By Mr. H. W. Jenvey:— Electrical Resistance; The Adjustment of Morse Instruments. By Mr. H. Quarry:— Wheatstone's Alphabetical Instrument. By Mr. S. Deverell:— Sea-water Battery. By Mr. P. R. Challen:— Statical Electricity and a brief discussion of the means of producing it. Mr. L. S. Daniel, in addition to lecturing on "The Morse Instrument," read an extract entitled "Aldini's Bovine Battery" dealing with electricity in the bodies of human and other animals. Mindful of the interests of its members, the Society in 1875 set out to provide a course of instruction, and there are printed four papers on "Galvanic Batteries" read by Mr. D. J. McGauran, "being part of the course of instruction which it has been determined to pursue." During the visit of the cable ship "Duke of Edinburgh" the opportunity was taken to invite the ship's Chief Electrician to read a paper on "Interference Between Lines." The Journal for March to July, 1877, was devoted largely to "giving members some account of the instruments at present exciting much interest in Telegraphic circles, and which, from their power of conveying sound, are called telephones." In addition to reports of Bell's lectures and demonstrations in U.S.A., reference was made to Reiss' telephone and Cray's instrument. The trend towards telephony continued, for the 1881 Journal opened with "Modern Forms of the Telephone," by James Doyle, M.S.T.E., though the remainder of this issue dealt with telegraphy, and in September, 1881, we, see the first reference to quadruplex in a "Note on the working of the Quadruplex between Sydney and Melbourne," by Mr. D. J. McGauran. The last reference in the 1881 volume is a re- view of the Report of the Adelaide Observatory for 1879, presented to the Society by C. Todd, Esq., C.M.G. Mr. Todd, who was then P.M.G. and Superintendent of Telegraphs in South Australia, later became Sir Charles Todd, a name prominently associated with the building of the overland telegraph line between Adelaide and Darwin. This 1881 volume is the last printed record we possess of the proceedings of the Telegraph Electrical Society between the time of its inception in 1874 and its revival as the Postal Electrical Society in 1908. The enthusiasm of its founders and early members has left us this record of their splendid work for the first eight years. THE WONDER of the AGE!! INSTANTANEOUS COMMUNICATION. Under the special Patronage of Her Majesty & H.R.H. Prince Albert. THE GALVANIC AND ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS ON THE GT. WESTERN RAILWAY May be seen in constant operation, daily (Sunday, excepted), from 9 till 8, at the TELEGRAPH OFFICE, LONDON TERMINUS, PADDINGTON AND TELEGRAPH COTTAGE, SLOUGH STATION. An Exhibition admitted by its numerous Visitors to be the most interesting and ATTRACTIVE of any in this great Metropolis. In the list of visitors are the illustrious names of several of the Crowned Heads of Europe, and nearly the whole of the Nobility of England. "This Exhibition, which has so much excited Public attention of late, is well worthy a visit from all who love to see the wonders of science,"— MORNING POST. The Electric Telegraph is unlimited in the nature and extent of its communications; by its extraordinary agency a person in London could converse with another at New York, or at any other place however distant, as easily and nearly as rapidly as if both parties were in the same room. Questions proposed by Visitors will be asked by means of this Apparatus and answers thereto will be instantaneously returned by a person 20 Miles off, who will also, at their request, ring a bell or fire a cannon, in an incredibly short space of time, after the signal for his doing so has been given. The Electric Fluid travels at the rate of 280,000 Miles per Second. By its powerful agency Murderers have been apprehended, (as in the late case of Tawell,) — Thieves detected; and lastly, which is of no little importance, the timely assistance of Medical aid has been procured in cases which otherwise would have proved fatal. The great national importance of this wonderful invention is so well known that any further allusion here to its merit, would be superfluous. N.B.— Despatches sent to and fro with the most confiding secrecy. Messengers in constant attendance, so that communications received by Telegraph would be forwarded, if required, to any part of London, Windsor, Eton, &c. ADMISSION ONE SHILLING. T. HOME, Licensee; Nurton, Printer, 48 Church St., Portman Market.
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Maurene Goo is an American author of young adult fiction. I think that when you’re a teen, you can be overwhelmed with change. You’re expected to be ready for adulthood, to know what you want to do with the rest of your life, to have mature relationships. But it’s only been like 2.5 years since you had braces, or got your period, or stopped playing with Barbies! So I think it’s easy to retreat into apathy and fear and to not try. Because trying means you can fail and be embarrassed—and those are two things that are literally the worst when you’re in high school... On being a teenager in “Maurene Goo Dishes on Food Trucks, Frenemies, and The Way You Make Me Feel” in Bookish (2018 May 23) The character doesn’t have to be exactly like them, but as an author you have to give something to the reader that shows the vulnerability and where the character’s coming from...You can have characters do awful things, but you make them relatable or have some kind of backstory that makes their actions, even if it’s not excusable, understandable... On what makes a great character “Maurene Goo on Writing Relatable Characters and her Enduring Love of K Dramas” (Public Libraries Online; 2018 Feb 28) I don’t think California is perfect by any means. I’m sure there are a lot of people being oppressed here and not getting a fair shake. But I just feel like maybe it’s the weather, maybe it’s the location on the coast with access to all of Asia coming in and the strong immigrant communities here, that makes it different...I feel like in the East Coast, that’s still a thing in certain classes. That said, there are a lot of wealthy people here in California. There’s definitely segregation and classes in Los Angeles... On how her upbringing in California affected her writing “Maurene Goo on Writing Relatable Characters and her Enduring Love of K Dramas” (Public Libraries Online; 2018 Feb 28) There are so many stories to tell — we’re just as varied in experiences as white men, and it doesn’t look like people are sick of those stories yet. And I’m lucky enough to be in a position to tell these stories and share them. On being able to tell different stories about the Korean American experience in “’So Many Stories to Tell’: A Conversation with Maurene Goo” in Los Angeles Review of Books (2018 Aug 22) Wikipedia has an article about: Maurene Goo
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This Wikiversity course is a guide for the traditional university course MIT 8.033. To study this material, you will need to understand basic algebra. The key to understanding special relativity is to master the space-time diagram and think of the metric between the points as a "weird distance." Pretty much any problem in special relativity can be solved by graphing it on a piece of graph paper. Another fundamental key when dealing with special relativity problems is remembering that when anything moves at high speed with respect to you, all its parts -along the direction of its movement- are in a different time. For example, if a mother gave birth to triplets in a train moving at a very high speed, and each one was sitting in a different rail car, for you (standing outside the train) the one in the last car would be more grown up than the one in the middle car, and this one would be more grown up than the one in the first car. The trick is that what is simultaneous for you isn't simultaneous for them. http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/relatvty.htm http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-033Fall2003/CourseHome/index.htm Relativity Taylor and Wheeler. (1992). Spacetime Physics W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0716723271 - One of the great things about this text is that it uses real problems, ie., it refers the reader to several research papers in reference to the problems given as exercises, and yet the exercises do not need anything more than a basic high school education to solve. An amazing accomplishment. Special Relativity text. A good introduction and orientation.
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The core of the ADT Program was developed at The University of New South Wales Library (UNSW Library) as the lead institution. The team at UNSW Library included the overall coordinator & designer; technical manager & programmer; metadata consultant as well as the web coordinator & designer. This team developed the model from the conceptual to reality. The most important thing was not to lose focus, to keep the model as close to the original project description proposal as possible and to not overly complicate processes - in fact keep them as simple as possible. It was seen as critical to develop a workable model for the project partners to test and further refine. During the development and testing process, all 7 original partners were consulted and had input at all stages. Two workshops for all 7 members were held approximately 12 months apart. These were used to discuss all aspects of the ADT model as well as to agree on the standards and protocols used. The agreed standards are at the core of the distributed model of the ADT Program. Without the involvement of an effective team to lead the process, and the effective input of the broader team, arriving at the desired outcome would have been very difficult. The ADT Program is now effectively working across all 7 original member sites. Membership to the ADT has now been opened up to all Australian universities. It is anticipated that all Australian universities will become members and thus form a comprehensive national program. The benefits of a broad membership team are many: shared infrastructure, shared software development, shared metadata, shared documentation and training as well the shared satisfaction that comes with effective collaboration for the common good. The membership to the ADT may in time also include others in the region such as New Zealand and others. Next Section: Standards, cooperation, and collaboration
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All programming languages have built in data types that are used when declaring variables (though not all programming languages have variables - don't worry about this yet though!). Some very common data types, and the ones you need to know for the exam, are as follows: Using these data types we can start to write a simple computer program: dim name as string dim age as integer name = "Barry" age = 56.3 Console.writeline("hello " & name & "! you are " & age & " years old") But wait a second, this gives you an odd output, it says: Code Output hello Barry! you are 56 years old I told it that Barry was 56.3 years old! The reason is because I have used an integer to store the age and not a real (single or double) datatype, it therefore drops the decimal part. Integers, afterall, don't store decimal places! Depending on the datatype, we assign values in different ways: Integers, Bytes, Real, Singles, Doubles = Plain assignment without speech marks exampleNumber = 7.65 Boolean = Plain assignment without speech marks paidMember = TRUE String, Char = Assignment with speech marks name = "Henry" Date = Assignment with speech marks doB= "12/12/45"
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Most axial resistors use a pattern of colored stripes to indicate resistance. Meanwhile, SMD resistors follow a numerical pattern. A through-hole mounted (axial) resistor with untrimmed leads. This is a 10kΩ, 5% tolerance resistor. SMD resistor which the 3 digit code represents 56kΩ Resistors are labelled to allow you to see what their nominal value is. A "standard" through-hole mounted resistor has coloured bands painted onto it. These bands denote the value. Depending on the tolerance of the resistor, these my be 4, 5, or 6 bands on a resistor. 4 band identification is the most commonly used color coding scheme on all resistors. It consists of four colored bands that are painted around the body of the resistor. The scheme is simple: The first two numbers are the first two significant digits of the resistance value, the third is a multiplier, and the fourth is the tolerance of the value. Each color corresponds to a certain number, shown in the chart below. The tolerance for a 4-band resistor will be 2%, 5%, or 10% For 5-band identification is used for higher tolerance resistors (1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%), to notate the extra digit. The first three bands represent the significant digits, the fourth is the multiplier, and the fifth is the tolerance. For 6-band identification is used in case of high precision resistors, there is an extra band to indicate the temperature coefficient. The first 5 bands are same as five band resistors. The most common color used for sixth band is black which represents 100ppm/K. This indicates that for a change of 100C in temperature, there can be a change of 0.1% in the value of resistance. Generally the sixth band represents temperature coefficient. But in some cases it may represent reliability and failure rate. There are some mnemonics to remember the sequence of color code in the above table. A few of them are as follows: Bad Boys Race Our Young Girls, But Violet Generally Wins. Better Be Ready, Or Your Great Big Venture Goes West. B. B. ROY of Great Britain has a Very Good Wife. Surface mount resistors are too small for coloured bands to be easily read, but they have a flat surface instead, so the value is usually marked un the top surface of the device. This code is much the same as the colour code above, but explicitly written. There are 3 types of number codes for resistor (a) 3 digit codes (b) 4 digit codes and; (c) EIA 96 codes So, the code is written as two or three (depending on the tolerance of the device) numbers, followed by a multiplier digit, giving a three- or four-digit designation. In three digit coding, the first two numbers indicate the significant value of the resistance and the third number indicates the multiplier like 10 in case the digit is 1, 100 in case the digit is 2 or 1000 in case the digit is 3 and so on. For example as seen on the picture on the right there are SMD resistors labelled 270 and 0 : The label 270 can be read as 27 * 100 = 27*1 = 27Ω The label 0 can be read as 0Ω (It is also known as "jumper resistor" and are used to bypass tracks on a PCB. See the picture on the left .If the resistance value is less than 10Ω, the numbering will include letter R to denote decimal placing. The label 4R7 can be read as 4.7Ω The label 101 can be read as 10*101=10Ω The label 100 can be read as 10*100=1Ω For 4 decimal points , a four digit code is marked on them. The calculation is similar to three digit code. The first three numbers indicate the significant value of the resistance and the fourth number indicates the multiplier. The label 2211 can be read as 221*101= 221Ω The label 1002 can be read as 100*102=10,000Ω The EIA 96 code usually have 3 digits , first two are to indicate the three significant digits of the value of resistance (See table EIA 96 Resistor Marking Code) and third alphabet is to indicate multiplier (See table EIA 96 Multiplier Marking Code) As example, the picture below shows a resistor of marking 85A which is read as 85 = 750Ω (See table EIA 96 Resistor Marking Code) A = 1 (See table EIA 96 Multiplier Marking Code) 750Ω*1 = 750Ω Another example is marking 01C which is read as 01 = 100Ω (See table EIA 96 Resistor Marking Code) C = 100 (See table EIA 96 Multiplier Marking Code) 100Ω *100 = 10,000Ω
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These are the items you find during your journey that Link can equip. They can't be assigned to buttons but are instead equipped on the equipment sub-screen. There are four main slots: Tunic, Boots, Sword, and Shield. Only one of each kind can be equipped at a time. Kokiri Sword Link "borrows" this sword, a blade of much importance to the Kokiri, at the beginning of his quest. It does a small amount of damage, and is often hard to use to defeat powerful monsters. Master Sword The legendary sword that only the Hero of Time can wield. Taking the sword out of its pedestal will transport Link seven years into the future, while putting it back will return him to the past. This sword does a higher level of damage to monsters, and is the only sword that can defeat pure evil. Giant's Knife This powerful blade can be crafted by a giant Goron, Medigoron, in Goron City for 200 rupees, provided that you've opened his shop using Bombs. Link needs two hands to wield this sword, leaving him without a shield for defense, but the strength and length of the blade are worth it. Unfortunately, this blade will shatter after eight hits, or if you strike a wall, but you can purchase another one from Medigoron if you break it. You can't re-purchase this if you obtain the Biggoron Sword. Giant's Knife (Broken) This is what you'll get if you misuse the Giant's Knife. Its length and power have been severely weakened (it is about 1/4 of the power of the fixed version) to the point where it rivals a pocket knife, but it can still be used to attack enemies. Link can't use a shield alongside this weapon. If you obtain the Biggoron Sword or re-purchase the Giant's Knife, this weapon will disappear from your inventory. Biggoron's Sword This sword is by far the most powerful of them all, it's pretty much the same as the Giant's Knife, but unlike the Giant's Knife, it will never break. The Biggoron Sword can only be obtained through completion of the item trading quest. It requires two hands to use but is worth it as it can take out a poe in one hit and regular ReDeads in two hits. It is an advantage to use this once you get it because you can take out enemies much faster. Deku Shield Small wooden shield that Link obtains near the start of his adventure. This shield is flimsy and made of wood, so fire-based attacks can easily burn and destroy it. This is used by Young Link as a standard shield, but is not recommended for use in Dodongo's Cavern, since many fire enemies are found inside. If it's destroyed, you can just buy another one to replace it. In fact, one is for sale in Dodongo's Cavern, and one can be found in a chest. Like Likes find this shield to be delicious, and they will try to eat it. Hylian Shield When you can first obtain this shield as Young Link, don't buy it right away, as a guard you must talk to later in the game will give you a discount off its regular price. Young Link cannot efficiently use this shield because of his size, so he will instead use it like a turtle's shell on his back. When Link is an adult however, he can use the shield normally. This can be retrieved for free from Kakariko Graveyard at night (pull back the tombstone with flowers and jump in). LikeLikes might eat this shield if they attack Link, but it can be recovered if they are defeated quickly. Even if the shield is lost, another one can be purchased from several different shops. Mirror Shield This magical shield can reflect light, some magical spells, and just deflect regular attacks like a regular shield (some attacks may not be deflected, like Octorok rocks). Unlike the Hylian Shield, this item cannot be eaten by Like Likes. Like Likes despise the shield because its mirrory surface is so bright. Hint: if you are being eaten by a Like Like, quickly switch to this shield to avoid losing your Hylian Shield to the Like Like! Kokiri Tunic This is the basic green tunic that Link begins his adventure with. There are no special effects, it's just what Link and Kokiri normally wear. It's the only tunic Young Link can use and it is automatically equipped. It cannot be removed. Goron Tunic There are two main ways of obtaining this tunic. One is to stop the small Goron rolling around Goron City with a bomb when Link is an adult, and the other is to purchase it for 200 rupees from the Goron Shop. If you purchase it from the shop first, the rolling Goron won't even mention anything about a tunic. This fire-red tunic protects Link from the intense heat of the volcanic interior of Death Mountain and Fire Temple. Without it, the Fire Temple cannot even be attempted. While Link is wearing this, Like Likes might eat it if they attack him. If they are defeated quickly, Link will be able to retrieve his lost tunic. If its eaten permanently by a Like Like, another one can be purchased in the Goron Shop. Zora Tunic Much like the Goron Tunic, there are two ways to obtain the Zora Tunic. The first can only be done when Link is an adult: Unfreeze King Zora with blue fire from Ice Cavern. The second option is to purchase it for 300 rupees in the Zora Shop. If you obtain it in the shop before unfreezing King Zora, he won't give you a tunic. This blue tunic allows Link to magically breathe underwater. The Zora Tunic item is used extensively in Lake Hylia and the Water Temple, and is often used alongside the Iron Boots. However, the Water Temple can be completed without the tunic. While Link is wearing this, Like Likes might eat it if they attack him. If they are defeated quickly, Link will be able to retrieve his lost tunic. If it’s eaten permanently by a Like Like, another one can be purchased in the Zora Shop. Nintendo 3DS The Iron Boots and Hover Boots are items that can be assigned to X, Y, or one of the touch screen's buttons. Kokiri Boots Link's original boots. these don't have any special properties, they're just what he normally wears. These are the only boots Link can wear as a child. Iron Boots These heavy, iron-coated boots increase their wearer's weight dramatically, and are normally hard to walk around in. When worn underwater, they can be used to walk along the bottom of lakes and rivers. The Iron Boots can also be used to withstand powerful gusts that would otherwise blow the wearer away. They are found in the Ice Cavern after defeating the White Wolfo. These will often be used in conjunction with the Zora Tunic in Lake Hylia and the Water Temple. They can also prove useful in the Shadow Temple, although they aren't a necessity. Hover Boots These boots let Link briefly walk across midair. To activate the boots, simply walk off of a ledge. Link will keep moving as if there were still solid ground beneath him, but this effect will only last for a few seconds. When Link wears them on land, he becomes a little faster. They can be found in the Shadow Temple after defeating the Dead Hand.
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Rear Window is a 1954 film about a photographer, laid up with a broken leg, who spies on his neighbours from his apartment window and becomes convinced one of them has committed murder. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by Cornell Woolrich (story) and John Michael Hayes (screenplay). Suspense of screaming proportions!Taglines [regarding Thorwald] That's no ordinary look. That's the kind of a look a man gives when he's afraid somebody might be watching him. The New York State sentence for a Peeping Tom is six months in the work house...They got no windows in the work house. You know, in the old days, they used to put your eyes out with a red-hot poker. Any of those bikini bombshells you're always watchin' worth a red-hot poker? Oh dear, we've become a race of Peeping Toms. What people ought to do is get outside their own house and look in for a change. Yes, sir. How's that for a bit of home-spun philosophy? Jeff: You've got to get me out of here. Six weeks sitting in a two-room apartment with nothing to do but look out the window at the neighbors. ..If you don't pull me out of this swamp of boredom, I'm gonna do something drastic...like what? I'm gonna get married and then I'll never be able to go anywhere. Editor: It's about time you got married, before you turn into a lonesome, bitter old man. Jeff: Yeah, can't you just see me, rushin' home to a hot apartment to listen to the automatic laundry and the electric dishwasher and the garbage disposal, the nagging wife. Editor: Jeff, wives don't nag, they discuss. Jeff: Is that so, that so? Maybe in the high rent district they discuss, in my neighborhood they still nag. Editor: Well, um, you know best. Stella: I got a nose for trouble. I can smell it ten miles away...I can smell trouble right here in this apartment. First you smash your leg. Then you get to lookin' out the window. See things you shouldn't see. Trouble. I can see you in court now, surrounded by a bunch of lawyers in double-breasted suits. You're pleading: 'Judge, it was only a little bit of innocent fun. I love my neighbors like a father.' And the Judge says, 'Well, congratulations, you've just given birth to three years in Dannemora.' Jeff: Yeah, right now I'd welcome trouble...You know, I think you're right. I think there is going to be trouble around here. Stella: ...What kind of trouble? Jeff: Lisa Fremont. Stella: Are you kidding? She's a beautiful young girl and you're a reasonably healthy young man. Jeff: She expects me to marry her. Stella: That's normal. Jeff: I don't want to. Stella: That's abnormal. Jeff: I'm just not ready for marriage. Stella: Every man's ready for marriage when the right girl comes along. And Lisa Fremont is the right girl for any man with half a brain who can get one eye open. Jeff: Oh, she's all right. Stella: What did you do? Have a fight? Jeff: No. Stella: Her father loading up the shotgun? Jeff: What? Please, Stella. Stella: It's happened before you know. Some of the world's happiest marriages have, uh, started under the gun, as you might say. Jeff: No, she's just not the girl for me. Stella: Yeah, she's only perfect. Jeff: She's too perfect. She's too talented, she's too beautiful. She's too sophisticated. She's too everything but what I want. Stella: Is, um, what you want something you can discuss? Jeff: Well, it's very simple, Stella. She belongs to that rarified atmosphere of Park Avenue, you know. Expensive restaurants, literary cocktail parties...Can you imagine her tramping around the world with a camera bum who never has more than a week's salary in the bank? If she was only ordinary. Stella: You ever gonna get married? Jeff: I'll probably get married one of these days, and when I do, it's gonna be to someone who thinks of life not just as a new dress, and a lobster dinner, the latest scandal. I need a woman who's willing...to go anywhere and do anything and love it. So the honest thing for me to do is just to call the whole thing off and let her find somebody else. Stella: Yeah, I can hear you now. Get out of my life. You're a perfectly wonderful woman - you're too good for me. Look, Mr. Jefferies, I'm not an educated woman, but I can tell you one thing. When a man and a woman see each other and like each other they ought to come together - wham! Like a couple of taxis on Broadway, not sit around analyzing each other like two specimens in a bottle. Jeff: There's an intelligent way to approach marriage. Stella: Intelligence! Nothing has caused the human race so much trouble as intelligence. Hah! Modern marriage! Jeff: Did you ever get shot at? Did you ever get run over? Did you ever get sandbagged at night because somebody got unfavorable publicity from your camera? Did you ever...those high-heels, they'll be great in the jungle and the nylons and those six ounce lingerie... Lisa: Three! Jeff: All right. Three! They'll make a big hit in Finland just before you freeze to death? Lisa: Well, if there's one thing I know, it's how to wear the proper clothes. Jeff: Yeah, yeah. Well try and find a raincoat in Brazil, even when it isn't raining. Lisa. In this job, you carry one suitcase, your home is the available transportation. You don't sleep very much, you bathe less, and sometimes the food that you eat is made from things that you couldn't even look at when they're alive. Lisa: Jeff, you don't have to be deliberately repulsive just to impress me I'm wrong. Jeff: Deliberately repulsive! I'm just trying to make it sound good. You just have to face it, Lisa, you're not meant for that kind of a life. Few people are. Lisa: You're too stubborn to argue with. Jeff: I'm not stubborn - I'm just truthful. Lisa: I know, a lesser man would have told me it was one long holiday - and I would have been awakened to a rude disillusionment. Jeff: Oh, well now, wait a minute. Now wait a minute. If you want to get vicious on this, I'll be very happy to accommodate you. Lisa: No, I don't particularly want that. [She rises and moves away.] So that's it. You won't stay here and I can't go with you. Jeff: It would be the wrong thing. Lisa: You don't think either one of us could ever change? Jeff: Right now, it doesn't seem so. Lisa: [preparing to leave] I'm in love with you. I don't care what you do for a living. I'd just like to be part of it somehow. It's deflating to find out the only way I can be part of it is to take out a subscription to your magazine. I guess I'm not the girl I thought I was. Jeff: There's nothing wrong with you, Lisa. You've got this town in the palm of your hand. Lisa: Not quite it seems. Goodbye, Jeff. [She turns and starts for the doorway] Jeff: You mean, 'Good night.' Lisa: I mean what I said. Jeff: Well, Lisa, couldn't we just, uh, couldn't we just keep things status quo? Lisa: Without any future? Jeff: Well, when am I gonna see you again? Lisa: Not for a long time...[pause]...at least not until tomorrow night. Lisa: How far does a girl have to go before you notice her? Jeff: Well if she's pretty enough, she doesn't have to go anywhere. She just has to be. Lisa: Well, ain't I? Pay attention to me. Jeff: Well, I'm, I'm not exactly on the other side of the room. Lisa: Your mind is. When I want a man, I want all of you. Jeff: Don't, don't you ever have any problems? Lisa: I have one now. Jeff: So do I. Lisa: Tell me about it. Jeff: Why, why would a man leave his apartment three times on a rainy night with a suitcase and come back three times? Lisa: He likes the way his wife welcomes him home. Jeff: Oh no. No, no, no. Not this salesman's wife. And why didn't he go to work today? Lisa: Homework. It's more interesting. Jeff: What's interesting about a butcher knife and a small saw wrapped in newspaper? Huh? Lisa: Nothing, thank heaven. Jeff: Why hasn't he been in his wife's bedroom all day? Lisa: I wouldn't dare answer that. Jeff: Well, listen. I'll answer it, Lisa, there's something terribly wrong. Lisa: And I'm afraid it's with me. [Lisa leaves him to go to the couch and smoke a cigarette.] Jeff: What do you think? Lisa: Something too frightful to utter. Jeff: He went out a few minutes ago in his undershirt. He hasn't come back yet. That would be a terrible job to tackle. Just how would you start to cut up a human body? Lisa: Jeff, I'll be honest with you. You're beginning to scare me a little. Jeff: I've seen it through that window. I've seen bickering and family quarrels and mysterious trips at night, knives and saws and ropes, and now since last evening, not a sign of the wife. All right, now you tell me where she is... Lisa: Maybe he's leaving his wife, I don't know, I don't care. Lots of people have knives and saws and ropes around their houses and lots of men don't speak to their wives all day. Lots of wives nag and men hate them and trouble starts. But very very few of them end up in murder if that's what you're thinking. Jeff: It's pretty hard for you to keep away from that word isn't it? Lisa: You could see all that he did, couldn't you? Jeff: Of course, I... Lisa: You could see because the shades were up and, and he walked along the corridor and the street and the back yard. Oh Jeff, do you think a murderer would let you see all that? That he wouldn't pull the shades down and hide behind them? Jeff: Just where he's being clever. He's being nonchalant about things... Lisa: Oh, and that's where you're not being clever. A murderer would never parade his crime in front of an open window. Jeff: Why not? Lisa: [pointing to the newlyweds' window] Why, for all you know, there's probably something a lot more sinister going on behind those windows. Jeff: Where? Oh, no comment. Lt. Doyle: Didn't see the killing or the body. How do you know there was a murder? Jeff: Because everything this fellow's done has been suspicious: trips at night in the rain, knifes, saws, trunks with rope, and now this wife that isn't there anymore. Lt. Doyle: I admit it all has a mysterious sound. Could be any number of things - murder's the least possible. Jeff: Well, don't tell me he's an unemployed magician amusing the neighborhood with his sleight-of-hand. Now don't tell me that. Lt. Doyle: It's too obvious, a stupid way to commit murder in full view of fifty windows? Then sit over there smoking a cigar, waiting for the police to come and pick him up? Jeff: Officer, go do your duty. Go pick him up! Lt. Doyle: Jeff, you've got a lot to learn about homicide. Why, morons have committed murder so shrewdly it's taken a hundred trained police minds to catch them. That salesman wouldn't just knock his wife off after dinner and toss her in the trunk and put her in storage. Jeff: I'll bet it's been done. Lt. Doyle: Most everything's been done - under panic. This is a thousand to one shot. He's still sitting around the apartment. That man's not panicked. Jeff: You think I made all this up, huh? Lisa: It doesn't make sense to me...Women aren't that unpredictable...A woman has a favorite handbag and it always hangs on her bedpost where she can get at it easily. And then all of a sudden, she goes away on a trip and leaves it behind. Why? Jeff: Because she didn't know she was going on a trip. And where she's going she wouldn't need the handbag. Lisa: Yes, but only her husband would know that. And that jewelry. Women don't keep their jewelry in a purse, getting all twisted and scratched and tangled up. Jeff: Well, do they hide it in their husbands' clothes? Lisa: They do not. And they don't leave it behind either. Why, a woman going anywhere but the hospital would always take makeup, perfume, and jewelry...That's basic equipment. And you don't leave it behind in your husband's drawer in your favorite handbag. Lisa: [Listening to the composer play his piano] Where does a man get inspiration to write a song like that? It's utterly beautiful. Wish I could be creative. Jeff: Oh sweetie, you are. You have a great talent for creating difficult situations. Lisa: I do? Jeff: Sure. Staying here all night, uninvited. Lisa: Surprise is the most important element of attack. And besides, you're not up on your private eye literature. When they're in trouble, it's always their Girl Friday who gets them out of it. Jeff: Well, is she the girl that saves him from the clutches of the seductive showgirls and the overpassionate daughters of the rich? Lisa: The same. Jeff: That's the one, huh? It's funny, he never ends up marrying her, does he, huh? That's strange. Lisa: Weird. Lt. Doyle: Lars Thorwald is no more a murderer than I am. Jeff: You mean to say you can explain everything that's gone on over there and is still going on? Lt. Doyle: No, and neither can you. That's a secret, private world you're looking into out there. People do a lot of things in private that they couldn't possibly explain in public. Lisa: Like disposing of their wives. Lt. Doyle: Get that idea out of your mind. It will only lead in the wrong direction. Jeff: What about the knife and the saw? Lt. Doyle: Did you ever own a saw? Jeff: At home in the garage, I had... Lt. Doyle: How many people did you cut up with it? Or with the couple of hundred knives you probably owned in your life? Your logic is backward. Lisa: You can't ignore the wife disappearing and the trunk and the jewelry. Lt. Doyle: I checked the railroad station. He bought a ticket. Ten minutes later, he put his wife on the train. Destination? Meritsville. The witnesses are that deep. Lisa: That might have been a woman, but it couldn't have been Mrs. Thorwald. That jewelry... Lt. Doyle: Look, Miss Fremont. That uh, feminine intuition stuff sells magazines but in real life, it's still a fairy tale. I don't know how many wasted years I've spent tracking down leads based on female intuition. ... Lt. Doyle: [looking at Lisa's open overnight bag] Do you tell your landlord everything? Jeff: I told you to be careful, Tom. Lt. Doyle: If I'd have been careful piloting that reconnaissance plane during the war, you wouldn't have had the chance to take the pictures that won you a medal and a good job and fame and money. Jeff: You know, much as I hate to give Thomas J. Doyle too much credit, he might have gotten ahold of something when he said that was pretty private stuff going on out there. I wonder if it is ethical to watch a man with binoculars and a long-focus lens. Do you, do you suppose it's ethical even if you prove that he didn't commit a crime? Lisa: I'm not much on rear-window ethics. Jeff: Of course, they can do the same thing to me. Watch me like a bug under a glass if they want to. Lisa: Jeff, you know if someone came in here, they wouldn't believe what they'd see. Jeff: What? Lisa: You and me with long faces, plunged into despair because we find out a man didn't kill his wife. We're two of the most frightening ghouls I've ever known. You'd think we could be a little bit happier that the poor woman is alive and well. Whatever happened to that old saying: 'Love thy neighbor'? Jeff: You know, I think I'll start reviving that tomorrow. I'll begin with 'Miss Torso.' Lisa: Not if I have to move in to an apartment across the way and do the Dance of the Seven Veils every hour. [She lowers the blinds] The show's over for tonight. [She picks up her overnight kit of lingerie] Preview of coming attractions. Lisa: What's he doing? Cleaning house? Jeff: He's washing and scrubbing down the bathroom walls. Stella: Must've splattered a lot. [both Jeff and Lisa look at Stella with disgust] Stella: Come on, that's what were all thinkin'. He killed her in there, now he has to clean up those stains before he leaves. Lisa: Stella... your choice of words! Stella: Nobody ever invented a polite word for a killin' yet. Lisa: The last thing Mrs. Thorwald would leave behind would be her wedding ring. Stella, do you ever leave yours at home? Stella: The only way somebody would get that would be to chop off my - finger. Let's go down to the garden and find out what's buried there. Lisa: Why not? I always wanted to meet Mrs. Thorwald. Thorwald: [entering Jeff's apartment] What do you want from me? Your friend, the girl, could have turned me in. Why didn't she? What is it you want? A lot of money? I don't have any money. Say something. Say something. Tell me what you want! Can you get me that ring back? Jeff: No! Thorwald: Tell her to bring it back. Jeff: I can't. The police have it by now. Suspense of screaming proportions! See It! - If your nerves can stand it after Psycho! The most unusual and intimate journey into human emotions ever filmed ! It only takes one witness to spoil the perfect crime. Seeing isn't always believing. In deadly danger...Because they saw too much! Jimmy Stewart - L. B. Jefferies Grace Kelly - Lisa Carol Fremont Wendell Corey - Det. Lt. Thomas J. Doyle Thelma Ritter - Stella Raymond Burr - Lars Thorwald Judith Evelyn - Miss Lonelyheart Ross Bagdasarian Sr. - Songwriter Georgine Darcy - Miss Torso Sara Berner - Wife living above Thorwalds Frank Cady - Husband living above Thorwalds Wikipedia has an article about: Rear Window Rear Window quotes at the Internet Movie Database Rear Window at Rotten Tomatoes Rear Window at Allmovie Rear Window at Mojo Rear Window at Filmsite.org
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Dinosaurs is an American sitcom created by Walt Disney Television and The Jim Henson Company. It was broadcast from April 1991 to October 1994 on ABC. In May 2006, seasons 1 and 2 were released as a single set. The show was about the lives of a family of dinosaurs as a satire on modern American life. *These episodes were not aired during the original showing of season 4 but were later shown in syndication. Megalosaurus [Earl walks into the living room and sees Robbie and Charlene watching TV while the baby is alone in the kitchen.] Earl: Morning, kids. Robbie: Watching the baby. Earl: Nice to see you you're accepting more responsibility. Earl [to the Elders]: Please don't make me bite off my own head. I was practicing in the lobby, and it just wasn't happening. Elder [reading from the Sacred Book of Dinosaur]: ...and his father [Earl] shall be courageous and wise. [Earl chuckles] Elder [to another Elder]: Give me the Wite-Out. [Elder edits the sacred book] Elder [reading from the (revised) Sacred Book of Dinosaur]: ...father shall be a blithering idiot. Earl: Can he do that? [Robbie is refusing to help manage the people coming to see the new king (Baby)] Robbie: Those dinosaurs out there are just sheep. Earl: Have you noticed that some of those sheep are cheerleaders? [Robbie runs outside to help.] Howard Handupme: A meteor watch has been put into effect throughout the Pangean panhandle. Scientists have specifically pinpointed this particular house as the point of probable impact. [A picture of the Sinclair house appears on the tv screen] Earl: Come on, come on! What does this have to do with me? [Earl is talking to the insurance agent about the cost of replacing the tv] Earl: Don't try to cheat me on this! 'Cause I know you insurance guys, you have absolutely no ethics. Insurance Agent: Well, how much would you say your television is worth? Earl: Ten thousand dollars. Good thing I popped for that extra meteor coverage, huh? Insurance Agent: For us, yes. But if you refer to that large bound volume we sent you labeled "exclusions", you'll find that a meteor is only a meteor until it enters the Earth's atmosphere, at which time it become a meteorite. Earl: As you can see, I have separated all known dinosaur wisdom into three categories: "Animal, vegetable, rocks." Robbie: Well, what about fire? Earl: Vegetable. Charlene: What about water? Earl: Water is the opposite of fire, which we have previously established as a vegetable. What's the opposite of a vegetable? Fruit. So water is a fruit. Fruit is not a vegetable, so it has to be either an animal or a rock. We know it's not an animal. Therefore, fruit is a rock. Charlene: Daddy, I asked you about water. Earl: Could we hold all questions until the end of the lecture, please? Baby [pointing the remote at Earl]: Not the TV! Charlene: I'm used to being embarrassed by you guys on a local level, I don't know how I feel about being humiliated nationally. Earl: And what makes you the Ancient History expert? Ethyl: I was there. Ethyl: Television is responsible for the utter degradation of our society. We should write a letter. Fran: Mom? Get a life. Earl: If your mother can take the time kill this dinner, you can take the time to eat it. [Robbie leaves the table, refusing to eat meat] Earl: Charlene, you are now my son. Charlene: Thanks Daddy. Can I have money for lipstick? Earl: Of course, son. Earl: I shoulda shown [Robbie] the beauty of killing small things. Bob Dylan-like Singer: Has anybody here Seen my old friend Bambi's mother? Can you tell me where she's done? She fed a lot of people But the tasty, they die young. Just like antelope, mutton, and Bambi's mom. [Earl is telling Robbie about his father.] Earl: He expected me to live in the woods, have kids in the mud, eat my mate and die in pieces. And you know? That was okay for him. But I wanted better. Earl: It doesn't take a genius to figure that out. Ethyl: Then you're the guy for the job. Earl [to Fran]: It's not [Charlene's] tail. Cause that would be a female problem, and she isn't a female yet, so she doesn't have a problem. Which if she did, we wouldn't discuss it in front of the son! Robbie: Fine, I'll leave. Earl: I'll go with you. [Earl punches Roy] Roy: Hey! Earl, I don't want to pry into your personal business, but is something bothering you? Earl: Not that I'm aware of. Charlene: Mom, you said you were the last one in your class to get your tail. How did you handle it? Fran: Oh, well... that was a long time ago, and I'm sure I handled it with grace and dignity. Ethyl: She tried to throw herself off the roof. Fran: Mother! Ethyl: Of course, you weighed 2800 pounds, so the roof collapsed. She fell right through onto Grandpa Louie, who was cleaning his pipe at the time. We never found the pipe, but Grandpa Louie walked funny after that... [Earl is putting the uneaten food back into the refrigerator] Food: And don't be putting me in no vegetable bin. I wake up in the vegetable bin, I'll come out and kick you big flabby dinosaur butt all up and down the super-continent! Earl [to Charlene]: I don't think nature knows what it's doing. What I think you need is something to protect you from nature. Charlene: You mean, like a father? Earl: Well, actually, I was thinking more like a machine gun. But I guess a father would do in a pinch. Earl: How'd I do, Fran? Fran: Well, "not the mama", but you'll do in a pinch. [Robbie is writing an essay; the Grapdelites pop out of their box] Grapdelite 1: Shouldn't you be hiding us? Grapdelite 2: Can't you see he's thinking? Grapdelite 1: I'm merely reminding him of his responsibility to his father. Now, be quiet! Robbie: Hey, I'm trying to write a paper here! Okay? Grapdelite 2: We've offended him! Grapdelite 1: What's your paper about? Grapdelite 2: Oh, it's none of our business! Robbie: It's a social studies paper, and it's not going very well. [shows the Grapdelites his paper] Grapdelite 1: "Why dinosaurs rule the Earth? We're big." Robbie: Yeah, that really bites, doesn't it? Grapdelite 2: Well, there's certainly no denying that size allows the dinosaur to have almost unlimited benefits. Grapdelite 1: Of course, the duality of nature dictates that for every benefit, there must be a cost. Grapdelites: [together] Don't you agree? Robbie: Oh, well, I, uh... Grapdelite 1: We've lost him. Grapdelite 2: So try an illustration. Grapdelite 1: Of course. [to Robbie] Why is it good to be big? Robbie: Well, we get to eat whoever we want. Uh, no offense. Grapdelite 1: Oh, none taken. Grapdelite 2: However, if we don't plan for the future, there won't be anymore food. That would be the cost. Robbie: What do you mean "no more food"? There's always more, that's what "more" means. Grapdelite 1: Oh, dear... [pulls out a bunch of grapes from the box] Grapdelite 2: Imagine that these are all the grapes in the world. Robbie: Um, yeah, so? Grapdelite 1: Now, suppose that you eat all the grapes. Robbie: Hm, okay. [eats the grapes in one gulp] Okay, now what? Grapdelite 2: Now, suppose you want grapes tomorrow. Robbie: Well, I'll go the market and get some. Grapdelite 2: But those were all the grapes in the world. Robbie: Well, then I'll have to eat something else. Grapdelite 1: Oh, well, you rule the world. Grapdelite 2: A world without grapes. Robbie: So you're saying that if we eat them all, there won't be anymore. Grapdelite 1: I think he understands... Robbie: Ha! I can stretch that to 500 words easy! Grapdelite 1: Or maybe he doesn't.. Robbie: You guys can help me with my homework everyday, or at least until Mom and Dad's anniversary. [B.P. Richfield overhears Earl having Grapdelites for his 20th anniversary and orders him to come to his office] Earl: You wanted to see me, my captain? B.P. Richfield: I hear you got your 20th anniversary coming up, Sinclair! Earl: How suspiciously cordial of you to take an interest, sir. B.P. Richfield: And the wife's probably lookin' forward to that Grapdelite dinner, right? Earl: I'm sure she is, sure. B.P. Richfield: Yeah, a little wine, candlelight, and those Grapdelites gonna taste so sweet and satisfyin'! Mmm-mmm! You and the wife will probably look each other in the eye and tell each other how very much in love you still are, and who knows? Maybe you'll take a little trip upstairs and... [they both crack up laughing until Richfield bangs his desk, resuming his serious mood] THAT'S NOT HAPPENIN'!!!! Earl: It's not? B.P. Richfield: I WANT THOSE GRAPDELITES!!! Earl: What?! B.P. Richfield: They're my favorite food, Sinclair! Everybody's out of'em, you got'em, I want'em! You don't give'em to me, I'm gonna bite off your head! Earl: B-b-b-but I can't give them to your, sir. They're for my wife. If she didn't get them, she'd be very unhappy. B.P. Richfield: How much is your wife's happiness worth to you, Sinclair? Earl: Well, I see what you're getting at there, sir... uh, Mr. Richfield, but no amount of money is worth taking this away from my wife. My wife's happiness means the world to me. B.P. Richfield: Here's $50. Earl: It's a small world after all. But with all due respect, you know, there is the matter of my own personal dignity, sir. You only get one 20th anniversary, and if I sell you by Grapdelites, how much is my personal dignity worth? B.P. Richfield: I got another $23 for your personal dignity. Earl: That should cover it. [takes the money] And what about my self-respect? B.P. Richfield: I think we've taken care of that. [Robbie comes back from school in a bad mood] Robbie: [to the Grapdelites] Thanks for everything. I got an F. [throws his notebook close to the Grapdelites] Grapdelite 2: Oh, careful! Robbie: Oh, sorry. I didn't see you. Grapdelite 1: He seems distressed. Grapdelite 2: I hope it's nothing we've done. Robbie: "Why dinosaurs ruled the Earth?" And I wrote a whole essay about what you guys said about how we're too wise to eat all the grapes. Look what the teacher wrote. [shows the Grapdelites his paper] Grapdelite 1: "There'll always be more grapes. That's what 'more' means." Grapdelites: An F?! Grapdelite 2: But just because the teacher doesn't understand doesn't mean you failed. Grapdelite 1: Oh, no! Robbie: Stanly Kravitz got an A. Grapdelite 1: Well, what did he write? Robbie: He wrote, "Because we're big." That was my answer! I had the right answer, and I let you guys talk me out of it! Why did I let you talk me out of it? Grapdelite 2: Because it's wrong. Robbie: Yeah, but the teacher thinks it's right. Grapdelite 1: Well, what if the teacher's wrong? Robbie: Yeah, right. "What if the teacher's wrong?" I tried that on my parents all the time and it never works. Anyway, the teacher said there would be enough grapes and there would always be enough of everything, then she called me a radical! Grapdelite 1: But there's not gonna be always enough of everything? Robbie: Ah, leave me alone. I already flunked once, and that's what I get for letting food do my homework. [the Grapdelites gasp] Grapdelite 1: Robbie, we're the last two grapes! Robbie: What?! Grapdelite 2: That's why they can't find anymore of us, they're aren't any. Grapdelite 1: We're the last of our kind. Robbie: How can that be? Grapdelite 2: Because we're delicious. [Robbie and the Grapdelites chuckle] Robbie: My parents are gonna eat you tomorrow night and there won't be anymore of you at all! Grapdelite 2: Oh, boy. What a blow to your teacher. Robbie: You guys should try to escape or something. Grapdelite 1: No, no, we need to help you with your paper. Grapdelite 2: It's very important. Grapdelite 1: Yes, very. Robbie: But this is your last night on Earth. Forget the paper! The assignment is over! Grapdelite 2: No, it's not. Not if you don't the answer yet. Grapdelite 1: No, no. Here, Robbie. Try it again. Robbie: Alright. Grapdelite 1: Now, why do dinosaurs rule the Earth? Robbie: Why? Earl: Robbie! Grapdelite 1: That's your father! Grapdelite 2: Happy anniversary! Robbie: Shh! [hides the Grapdelites under a blanket] Earl: [steps into the room] Robbie, give me the Grapdelites. [Earl is watching television, dejectedly, after becoming disillusioned with his job] TV: Why are you stuck in a boring dead-end job? Earl: I don't know. TV: Why does your boss always yell at you? Earl: Can't figure it out. TV: Why is your life such a complete mess? Earl: Will you stop pickin' on me? TV: Why ask 'Why'? Drink alcohol! Nobody likes a thinker! You may not be able to change your life, but you can change the way you look at it. Alcohol. The more you drink, the less you think! Fran: Earl, Monica needs a job, and there's going to be an opening down at work, right? Earl: Right. Fran: So... Earl: So? So? Fran, will you stop talking in riddles? Fran: I want you to take Monica to work and get her interview with Mr. Richfield. Earl: A female tree-pusher? You can't be serious! It's ludicrous! I'd be a laughingstock! Earl: Mr. Richfield? B.P. Richfield: What?! Earl: There's someone I'd like you to meet. B.P. Richfield: [looks out the window of his trailer and sees Monica] Well, you brought me a female, eh, Sinclair? Earl: Well, I, uh... B.P. Richfiend: That's mighty nice, but I already got a wife. Nice gesture, though. Earl: Oh, thank you, but, she's here for the... [very quickly] tree-pusher job. B.P. Richfield: [jumps in shock] WHAT?! A FEMALE TREE-PUSHER?! YOU CAN'T BE SERIOUS!! IT'S LUDICROUS!! YOU'RE A LAUGHINGSTOCK!! Earl: Just as I predicted! So, should I tell her to go away? B.P. Richfield: It's too late now. We're an equal opportunity employer. We got strict guidelines about this sort of thing. We can't just send her away. [looks into manual] Let's see. Ah, here it is. "Interviewing a female obligate: smile a lot, compliment her handbag, then send her away." Earl: Well, she can't ask for more than that. [As Monica has her interview with B.P. Richfield] B.P. Richfield: My, that's a lovely handbag. Monica: Excuse me? B.P. Richfield: I was just complimentin' your handbag. Monica: I don't have a handbag. I don't have hands. B.P. Richfield: Well, then, let me compliment your lovey... [Earl points to Monica's necklace] Neck! [Earl makes a small sign] Small. Neck-small. My, my, that's a lovely neck-small. Monica: [a bit offended] Thank you. [Earl points to his ears] B.P. Richfield: Uh, sounds like a... [Earl points to himself] Moron? [Earl groans in frustration] WHAT?!? Earl: Necklace! B.P. Richfield: Necklace! Necklace! M-m-my, that's a lovely necklace! Monica: Excuse me, but what does my necklace have to do with getting this job? B.P. Richfield: It's just that you're such a dainty little thing, and tree-pushin' requires such strength, and a large degree of technical knowledge. Monica: I'm sure it's way over my head, but hypothetically, will I be knocking down trees like those outside? B.P. Richfield: Aw, come on! I already said you have a nice necklace, now take it own outta here! Monica: Oh! [shakes her head, causing the entire trailer to shake] B.P. Richfield: When can ya start? [Monica easily knocks down a tree] Al "Sexual" Harris: Well, that's not bad, but you left a few of the roots there, sweetheart. Now, if you wanna get somewhere in this job, you gotta be willing to go all the way, if we're on the same track. Monica: I beg your pardon? Al "Sexual" Harris: Well, I'm just sayin' if you wanna make points with the foreman, it's gonna take a lot of late nights, if you hear what I'm sayin'. Monica: Let's just confine our comments to the job! Al "Sexual" Harris: Now, now, just relax, you're too tense. Whadya say we go out for a few brews, and later on I'll jump on your scales and you can tell me how much I weigh, if you know what I mean. Monica: No! Al "Sexual" Harris: What do you mean no?! Monica: I mean no! I'm not interested! I find the things you talk about personally offensive, and I hope this doesn't interfere with my being able to work here. [during the hearing] Mr. Otto Lynch: I have over a hundred witnesses that will testify that for the past 22 years, you have in fact been a prostitute! Monica: I have not! Mr. Otto Lynch: Oh, sorry. My mistake, everyone here the word prostitute? Ethyl: I can't believe they use that kind of language on television. Don't they know that kids are watching? Fran: Mother, this is an important real-life event. This will make the kids think. Ethyl: I don't want the kids to think. I want the kids to watch safe little situation comedies, with time-tested repetitive storylines. Mr. John Wolfe: You're obviously a very attractive female. Would you please describe for us what your were wearing in the time of the incident? Was it seductive or revealing? Monica: It was a hardhat and a work shirt, and I don't appreciate the insinuation that I somehow asked for this type of behavior. Mr. John Wolfe: I'm insinuating no such thing. Now, could you please describe for us in detail what kind of underwear you have on at the moment? Monica: I don't understand how that's relevant. Mr. John Wolfe: Well, ma'am, if you understood the relevancy of it, you'd be a male! [the chairmen crack up laughing] Mr. Mason Dixon: Look, sweet cheeks, ain't this whole thing a part of some twisted sexual fantasy of yours? A fantasy that might also include being alone on a deserted island? Yes, yes... One with scores of scantily-clad young females and they're smearin' marmalade all over ya and... B.P. Richfield: Mr. Dixon! Mr. Mason Dixon: Could I have a moment please? [Earl has been sworn in to read a fake speech in order to discredit Monica] Earl: [reading the speech] "And let that be known that Foreman Harris is a great guy. Monica's been a troublemaker as long as I've known, and I'm pretty sure she cheats on her taxes. Stop here, look up, smile." [does exactly what the paper says] B.P. Richfield: Thank you for your candor, Mr. Sinclair. Earl: Oh, and another thing: I don't see why she ever needed a job. A female's place is in the home, taking orders from her husband. In the Sinclair household, when I say jump, my wife says how high. [realizes Fran is standing behind him] Hi! Fran: I watched on TV what you said about Monica, and it's not the Monica I know. She's an honest, responsible individual who would never mislead anybody. Mr. Otto Lynch: And we'd like to believe your testimony, Mrs. Sinclair. However, I have evidence that when you were just a young girl, you lived with this older man! [shows a picture of a male dinosaur] Without benefit of marriage! Fran: That's my father! [Earl dons a fake glasses and mustache] Mr. Mason Dixon: All the more disgusting! Earl: [in a German accent] Fran, is this true? Fran: Are you all insane?! Mr. Otto Lynch: Oh, it gets worse, Mrs. Sinclair. I also have a picture of you sitting on his lap! [Fran facepalms and groans in frustration] [Baby is crying because a mouse like creature ate his cookie] Fran: No, crying isn't going to help. Baby [sobbing]: My cookie's gone! Fran: Because you ate it. Baby: No, the cookie creature took it. Fran: All right. A cookie creature took it. Baby: Don't talk down to me! Fran: This is between you and the cookie creature, so you two will have to work it out. Baby [angrily]: Oh well, thanks for nothing. [During a series of commercials using war references and jingoism to sell products] Girl on TV: Mom, do you ever feel... you know... not patriotic? Earl Sneed Sinclair: You see, son, it is one of my responsibilities as a parent, to wean you from life's joy and prepare you for the relentless heartache that is adulthood. TV Announcer: Stay tuned after Father Knows Nothing for the premiere of Dad's A Big Moron, and then at 9:00 it's more hijinks with Simpleton Father, followed by Brain Dead Dad. Earl Sinclair: This is why TV stinks! One show's a hit, they make 50 more like it with the same characters and the same premise! Baby Sinclair: Don't have a cow, man! [laughs] [At the dancing house] Robbie Sinclair: Are you sure we should be doing this? Spike: Hey, Scooter, there is nothing wrong with taking one of life's most personal and intimate experiences, and putting a cash value on it. That's what separates us from the animals. Robbie Sinclair: Do females go through the same things we do? Earl Sinclair: Well, now... your mother's a bit more knowledgeable in that area, and I know she'd like to talk with ya. Robbie Sinclair: Yeah, okay. Earl Sinclair: 'Cause I know you and your mom had a little run-in, but she's pretty smart, and she can give you some good tips. And if she does... Robbie Sinclair: Yeah? Earl Sinclair: ... pass them along to me! [laughs] [Franny puts on Baby's Blarney video to try to calm his anger] Blarney: Okay, here we go! I am Blarney, I love you. [chorus] E-I-E-I-O! And if you're nice, you'll love me, too! [chorus] E-I-E-I-O! [Baby gives the TV a vicious look] Robbie: Well, it does seem to have quieted him down a little. Blarney and Friends: With a love-love here and a love-love there, Here a love, there a love, everywhere a love-love! [Robbie cringes at the TV] Franny: It's interesting, he strikes a chord with children. Something about Blarney elicits the purest feelings of warmth and affection. Baby: EAT GLASS, BLARNEY!! [shoots his bottle at the TV, Blarney somehow notices this] Blarney: AAAAAHHHHH!!! [the TV explodes, Robbie and Fran gasp] Baby: DIE, SCUM! DIE!! [laughs maniacally] Robbie: Well, I gotta say, I'm with him! Franny: That does it! [takes slingshot away] I am fed up with your bad behavior! You are going to your room! Baby: NO! I WANT PRESENTS!! Franny: You are going to your room! There will be no more presents! Earl: It's present time! [Earl is on phone with B.P. Richfield after their latest attempt to correct nature ended up causing a global ice age and the inevitable extinction of the dinosaurs.] B.P. Richfield: What are you whining about now, Sinclair? Earl: Sir, I think we may have gone just a neentsy bit too far this time. B.P. Richfield: I don't know what you're talking about. Why, this sudden cold snap is a godsend. Dinosaurs are flocking to stores, buying WESAYSO heaters, WESAYSO blankets, and WESAYSO old-fashioned hot cocoa mix. [Laughs briefly] We're going to have the best third quarter in history. Earl: Uh, sir, I think this could be the last third quarter in history. B.P. Richfield: Oh, don't turn into one of those environmental doomsdayers, Sinclair. [Fake whines] Boo hoo. It's raining acid. There's a hole in the ozone. You're hurting Flipper. Bah. Bunch of tree hugging pantywastes. They're always standing in the way of progress, and it's our job to pave right over them. Earl: I think you're missing the point, sir. The world may be coming to an end. B.P. Richfield: Well, that's a fourth quarter problem. We'll drop a bomb on that bridge when we come to it. Right now, my biggest problem is trying to figure out what to do with all this money!!! [Laughs maniacally while tossing around the money on his desk.] [The Sinclairs, who are wearing warm clothing, and Stan the Bunch Beetle are seen inside the Sinclair household as snow falls heavily outside the house. Earl is seen sadly looking out the window while the others are shown sitting close to each other.] Earl: Could I have everybody's attention? There's something I have to say. [Sighs] First of all, Stan, I have to apologize to you. Stan the Bunch Beetle: Yeah, sure, whatever. Earl: I now realize that building that wax fruit factory on your mating ground was wrong. Oh, sure, wax fruit's important, but... but so are bunch beetles. Stan the Bunch Beetle: Gee, that's big of you Earl. But I'm still feeling kind of blue. Maybe if there was someone holding me to her comforting bosom...[To Charlene] Hi. [Charlene looks at Stan, then whacks him with her hand, knocking him to the ground.] Stan the Bunch Beetle: Ooh! I'll take it. [Charlene giggle.] Earl: And, I guess I owe the rest of you an apology too. You know, for bringing on the end of the world and civilization and everything. Ethyl: I always knew you'd screw things up. I just didn't know how bad. Fran: Mother, he said he was sorry. Earl: And I know I put too much faith in progress and technology, and had too little respect for nature. [Sad music starts playing the background.] But, it's so easy to take nature for granted because it's always there. And technology is so bright and shiny and new. Fran: We understand, sweetheart. Baby: Understand what? [Charlene and Robbie look at Earl, silently telling him to explain to Baby what is happening.] Earl: Uh... Well, little guy, what happened was... Daddy was put in charge of the world and he didn't take real good care of it. And now, it looks like there won't be much of a world left for you or your brother and sister to live in. Baby: Are we gonna move? Earl: Well, no. There's no place to move to. This is the only world we got. Baby: But, what's gonna happen to us? Earl: Well, I don't exactly know. Robbie: But whatever it is, nobody's gonna leave you. Charlene: That's right, little guy. We'll all stay together. Robbie: Yeah. Earl: Yeah. Yeah, and hey, I'm sure it'll all work out OK. After all, dinosaurs have been on this Earth for 150 million years. And, it's not like we're going to just...disappear. [Last lines of the series] Howard Handupme: And, taking a look at the long-range forecast, continued snow, darkness, and extreme cold. This is Howard Handupme. Good night. [pause] Goodbye. Georgie: Fran, I'm sure is just a matter of time, [evil voice] A LIFE TIME!! Earl: Honey, I'm home. Baby: Not the mama! Baby: I'm the baby, gotta love me! Baby [after being severely injured]: Again! Mr. Lizard: We're going to need another Timmy! B.P. Richfield: Sinclair! In here, now! Roy: Hey there, pally boy. ==Characters Megalosaurus|Megalosaurus Allosaurus|Allosaurus]] Hypsilophodon Protoceratops|Protoceratops Edmontonia|Edmontonia]] Polacanthus|Polacanthus]] Wikipedia has an article about: Dinosaurs (TV series) Dinosaurs quotes at the Internet Movie Database Dinosaurs at TV.com Dinosaurs Wiki [
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rattleCAD is a software for designing bicycles. rattleCAD is free and a openSource software project. rattleCAD supports bespoked bicycle frame builders with a fully parametric bicycle model inside. rattleCAD guides you through the design process by configure the base geometry before refining the bicycle frame itself. Based on this refinement rattleCAD creates workshop drawings including the main miters of round tubes and settings for different frame jigs. rattleCAD also provides a set of components to build a bicycle mockup and supports different export formats to print and reuse all drawings generated inside rattleCAD. rattleCAD uses XML file format to store project information and SVG file format to represent single components to mockup your bicycle. This components library can be extended to your own needs. rattleCAD can be downloaded from sourceforge.net. rattleCAD is free software written in tcl/Tk and is therefore available for many operating systems, including but not limited to Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OSX and Linux. First Steps Download rattleCAD Architecture Install and Configure How To Idea Strategy rattleCAD User Interface Common Menu Bar Icon Bar Config Panel CAD Canvas Info rattleCAD Features Export Contents html pdf ps svg dxf
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Oxford is a small town in Butler County in Southwest Ohio. It is best known for being home to Miami University. Recognized as a Public Ivy, which describes state-funded public universities with academic programs akin to the Ivy League schools, Miami University has a body of more than 16,000 students in a town with a summer population just over 10,000. The City of Oxford's predecessor, College Township, was founded one year after Miami University was established in 1809. Miami was the second university in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains (after Ohio University (1804) in Athens). Oxford is 30 miles northwest of Cincinnati, 35 miles southwest of Dayton and about 5 miles east of the state boundary separating Ohio and Indiana. Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG IATA) is on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, so the distance is farther than that of Cincinnati, amounting to an approximately 50 mile drive to Oxford. Delta has its second largest hub at the CVG airport. Dayton International Airport (DAY IATA) is also a short distance from Oxford (approximately 45 miles). 39.5022-84.78441 Miami University Airport (OXD IATA). is an airstrip available for the private pilot. Oxford is probably one of the most difficult cities in Ohio to locate by car. Oxford is most easily accessed: Off of I-70 west of Dayton via the Eaton exit heading southbound on US-127 and then westbound on SR-73 or Off of I-70 west of Dayton via the Eaton exit heading southbound on US-127 and then southbound on SR-732 or Via I-275 (Cincinnati outbelt) using the Colerain exit and heading northbound on US-27 Barons Bus Lines provides transportation connecting Miami University with Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio. The fare is $10 one way and runs 365 days a year. Barons Bus Lines connect directly to Grey Hound buses that travel across the country, making travel to and from Oxford by bus relatively simple [1]. Oxford is a small town that can be easily traversed by foot. From the eastern edge of the Miami University campus to the western edge of Uptown Oxford, one could walk the distance in less than 30 minutes. BCRTA is the bus system in Oxford. Transportation can be provided around campus, to off-campus housing, and Uptown. There are also routes that travel to the regional branches of Miami University. Students, faculty, and staff may ride freely by displaying their University ID cards and all public passengers must pay $2 for fare. During fall, spring and winter terms the BCRTA buses run daily. Transit is greatly reduced during the summer months. As in most U.S. college towns, much of the art and cultural amenities are provided by the university. In Oxford, these include: 39.511905-84.7346741 Miami University, ☏ +1 513 529-1809. 212 Roudebush Hall, campus is primarily comprised of red-brick Georgian style buildings and broad lawns. Founded in 1809, this Public Ivy university named in honor of the Miami Native American tribe, was established 100 years before the City of Miami, Florida. At one time it was the fourth largest university in the U.S., behind Harvard, Yale and Dartmouth, and became known as the "Yale of the Early West". Accordingly, Miami's Elliott and Stoddard Halls, near the center of the academic quad, were modelled after Yale's Connecticut Hall. Center for American and World Cultures. 39.501882-84.7262952 Freedom Summer '64 Memorial. Located on Miami's historical Western Campus, this memorial commemorates civil rights workers who trained here in 1964. Three of these workers were later found murdered in Mississippi. (updated Aug 2017) 39.50094-84.7292123 Miami University Art Museum, 801 S Patterson Ave. (updated Aug 2017) 39.5081-84.73194 Karl Limper Geology Museum. (updated Jul 2019) 39.507012-84.7359285 William Holmes McGuffey Museum, 401 E Spring St (At Miami University), ☏ +1 513 529-8380. Written by educator William H. McGuffey, the Eclectic McGuffey Reader was the primary material used to teach reading to five generations of Americans. A sculpture in his honor stands in front of McGuffey Hall near the northeast corner of Spring Street and Campus Avenue across from the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity house. (updated Aug 2017) 49.5211115.8888896 Differdange Castle. (updated Jul 2019) 39.510556-84.7186117 Dewitt Log Homestead (DeWitt Cabin). listed on the National Register of Historic Places (updated Jul 2019) Lorenzo Langstroth Cottage. a National Historic Landmark (updated Jul 2019) Black Covered Bridge, State Route 732 at Corso Rd. A 206-foot span built in 1869 over Four Mile (Talawanda) Creek. This is the only covered bridge in Butler County that has remained in its original location (restored in 2000). Bicentennial marker and explanation on site. (updated Jul 2019) 39.524048-84.7347468 Pugh's Mill Covered Bridge. (updated Jul 2019) 39.5761-84.74561 Hueston Woods State Park (Located just to the north of Oxford in College Corner.). The park, operated by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, is composed of almost 3,000 acres in Butler and Preble counties. Visitors enjoy a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, fishing in and canoeing on Acton Lake, and golf. (updated Jul 2017) You're Fired!, 6 North Beech St, ☏ +1 513-523-2734. A fun place to go and get artsy. Pick an already made piece to paint and let You're Fired! do the rest. Just make sure you leave yourself enough time to pick it up (about 7 days). Oxford Farmer's Market, Uptown, ☏ +1 513-505-5238. May-Nov: Saturdays 8AM-noon. Local Goods 39.510015-84.7460362 Oxford Community Arts Center, 10 South College Ave, ☏ +1 513-524-8506. 10AM-6PM. Located in the historic Oxford College for Women building, the OCAC is a home for community artists and arts organizations. free. Green Beer Day. (updated Jul 2019) [dead link] Miami University Performing Arts Series. 39.51074-84.742053 Oxford Memorial Park Pavilion. On the northeast corner of High and Main Streets is the former home to the Oxford water tower (a bygone symbol of the town) and now provides an amphitheater for concerts and other performances. (updated Jul 2019) 39.51074-84.742834 Martin Luther King Jr. Park (on the northwest corner of High and Main Streets). It has dancing water fountains that provide enjoyment for children (both by viewing and playing in them). (updated Sep 2019) The Miami RedHawks compete in NCAA Division I college sports, mostly in the Mid-American Conference. Since the MAC does not sponsor men's ice hockey, that team instead plays in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. Sports fans are also attracted by Miami's reputation as the Cradle of Coaches, having served as a rung (either as a player or coach) in some of the most momentous coaching careers including: Earl Blaik, Paul Brown, Woody Hayes, Bill Arnsparger, George Little, Weeb Ewbank, Sid Gillman, Ara Parseghian, Bo Schembechler, John Pont, Bill Mallory, Jim Tressel, Joe Novak, Ron Zook, Dick Crum, Randy Walker, Terry Hoeppner, Sean Payton, and Sean McVay. Football - Yager Stadium, 30,012 capacity seating, the team that raised Super Bowl Champion Big Ben Roethlisberger! Basketball - Millett Hall, 9,200-seat arena, names like Wally "World" Szczerbiak, five-time NBA champ Ron Harper (twice with Lakers and thrice with Bulls), Randy Ayers (of NCAA basketball coaching fame including the Ohio State Buckeyes) and Wayne Embry (of NBA management fame including the Cleveland Cavaliers) made their mark playing b-ball at Miami before the NBA, coaching and other achievements. Baseball - McKie Field opened in 2002. Hockey - ice arena opened in 2006-2007 and too many professional hockey alumni to name. Visit the official site [2] or the unofficial fan site [3]. Juniper, 9 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-2022. Clothing & cosmetics. (updated Jul 2019) Alpha House, 11 S Main St, ☏ +1 513-523-8290. Greek gifts. (updated Jul 2019) The Apple Tree, 28 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-1388. Distinctive gifts. (updated Jul 2019) 39.51081-84.743851 BikeWise Bike Center, 9 N Beech St, ☏ +1 513-523-4880. Bikes & service. (updated Jul 2019) The Bird House Antiques, 114 W High, ☏ +1 513-523-0121. Antiques. (updated Jul 2019) Butterfield Farm Market, 4000 Oxford Trenton Rd, ☏ +1 513-524-2676. Farm produce. (updated Jul 2019) DuBois Bookstore, 118 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-7111. Miami clothing & gifts. (updated Jul 2019) Follett's Miami Co-op Bookstore, 110 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-4900. Miami clothing & gifts. (updated Jul 2019) Magnolia, 313 S College St, ☏ +1 513-524-3133. Women's clothing. (updated Jul 2019) Oxford Flower Shop, 119 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-7673. Flowers & gifts. (updated Jul 2019) Oxford Shoe, 123 W High St, ☏ +1 513-523-5142. Shoe sales & service. Village West Framing, 316 S College, ☏ +1 513-523-4345. Art & framing. (updated Jul 2019) Walker's Footwear & Apparel, 1 W High St #102, ☏ +1 513-280-6320. Footwear & apparel. (updated Jul 2019) Wild Berry, 15 W High St, ☏ +1 513-523-4345. Incense & eclectic items. (updated Jul 2019) Uptown Oxford is a charming five block district with a variety of restaurants, including fine dining, pizza parlors, sub shops and college pubs. Bagel & Deli Shop, 119 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-2266. Bagel sandwiches. (updated Jul 2019) Bruno's Pizza, 31 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-2266. Pizza. (updated Jul 2019) Fiesta Charra, 25 W High St, ☏ +1 513-524-3114. Mexican. (updated Jul 2019) La Bodega, 11 W High St, ☏ +1 513-523-1338. Deli. (updated Jul 2019) Paesano's Pasta House, 308 S Campus Ave, ☏ +1 513-524-9100. Italian. (updated Jul 2019) Phan-Shin, 104 W High St, ☏ +1 513-523-1020. Chinese & Thai. (updated Jul 2019) SDS Pizza & Subs, 7 E Chestnut St, ☏ +1 513-523-1234. Pizza & subs. (updated Jul 2019) Wild Bistro, 37 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-5888. Asian. (updated Jul 2019) Doughby's, 36 W High St, ☏ +1 513-524-2000. Calzones & crepes. (updated Jul 2019) El Burrito Loco, 102 S Locust St, ☏ +1 513-523-6639. Mexican. (updated Jul 2019) Krishna, 28 W High St, ☏ +1 513-273-2900. Indian. (updated Jul 2019) Oxford Doughnut Shoppe, 120 S Locust St, ☏ +1 513-523-9911. Doughnuts. (updated Jul 2019) Patterson's Cafe, 103 W Spring St, ☏ +1 513-523-0770. Breakfast & lunch. (updated Jul 2019) Sohi Grilled Sandwiches, 17 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-2079. Subs & burgers. (updated Jul 2019) Spring Street Treats, 321 W Spring St, ☏ +1 513-839-8021. Ice cream. (updated Jul 2019) Sushi Nara, 22 N College St, ☏ +1 513-523-1200. Sushi, Japanese & bar. Yum Yum, 24 E Park Pl, ☏ +1 513-280-6365. Chinese. (updated Jul 2019) Johnny's Campus Deli, 209 E Sycamore St, ☏ +1 513-523-1123. American & beer. (updated Jul 2019) Oxford has typically provided at least 1 bar for every 1,000 students at Miami University. The nightlife is very active Thursday through Saturday night, when most of the bars remain open until 2AM. At most places, if there is live music, expect a cover charge. Because Oxford was once known for its St. Patrick's Day celebrations, Spring Break now always occurs the week of March 17th. However, St. Patty's proxy, Green Beer Day, occurs the Thursday before Spring Break. 39.510792-84.741111 Brick Street, 36 E High St, ☏ +1 513-523-1335. M-Th 9PM-2:30AM, F Sa noon-2:30AM, Su closed. If you are looking for a place to eat, a few drinks with friends, some amazing entertainment, or to let loose with some dancing, Brick Street is the place. There is something going on every night of the week: theme nights such as 90's Night, big-name bands, and local DJs. (updated Jul 2019) 39.51003-84.7417222 Mac & Joe's, 21 E. High St (rear; enter from the alley), ☏ +1 513-523-8018. Historically a pub with frequently scheduled Poetry readings. (updated Jul 2019) 39.510101-84.7419313 Steinkeller, 15 E High Street (basement), ☏ +1 513 524-2437. German-style bar and restaurant (mostly American bar food) with a wide selection of German beers. (updated Jul 2019) 39.510919-84.7432944 O'Pub, 10 W Park Pl, ☏ +1 513 461-9032. Beer, wine, liquor, music. (updated Jul 2019) 39.510032-84.7418425 Circle Bar, 15 E High St (Green Alley Door, Near Mac & Joe's), ☏ +1 513 529-2232. Sports, darts, White Russians. (updated Jul 2019) 39.510273-84.7397316 Skipper's Pub & Top Deck, 121 E High St, ☏ +1 513 523-0066. Munchies, liquor & beer. (updated Jul 2019) 39.511158-84.7402837 [formerly dead link] The Wood's, 17 N Poplar St, ☏ +1 513 524-2277. Sports bar. (updated Jul 2019) Kofenya, 38 W High St. Has a very relaxed atmosphere, it's a hang out for many Miami students. Oxford Coffee Company, 21 S. Lynn St, ☏ +1 513 609-4000. Coffee (updated Jul 2019) 39.515739-84.7416741 Best Western Sycamore Inn, 6 E Sycamore Street (a few blocks north of Uptown. ), ☏ +1 513 523-0000, toll-free: +1-800-523-4678, fax: +1 513 523-2093. (updated Aug 2017) The Hamiltonian, ☏ +1 513 896-6200. 1 Riverfront Plaza, in Hamilton, 15 minute drive southwest of Oxford. (updated Aug 2017) 39.571698-84.7409582 Hueston Woods Resort and Conference Center, 5201 Lodge Rd, College Corner, ☏ +1 513 523-6381. Lakefront resort in College Corner, just north of Oxford. (updated Aug 2017) Marcum Conference Center is on the Miami University campus just north of East Quad. 39.509837-84.7421253 The Elms, 75 S Main St, ☏ +1 513-524-2002. (updated Aug 2017) 39.542956-84.748524 The White Garden Inn, 6194 Brown Rd, ☏ +1 513 524-5827. (updated Aug 2017) Oxford Visitors and Convention Bureau, 30 W. Park Place, ☏ +1 513 523-8687. 2nd floor. 39.5054-84.74831 Lane Public Library, 441 S Locust St, ☏ +1 513 523-7531. (updated Sep 2019) 39.51625-84.746652 Oxford Post Office. (updated Sep 2019) The Miami Student. The nation's oldest college newspaper which can be found throughout Oxford and on Miami's campus. (updated Jul 2017) The Oxford Press, 15 S Beech St, ☏ +1 513 523-4139. A local newspaper serving Northwestern Butler County. (updated Jul 2017) 39.5575-84.79333 WMUB, 230 Williams Hall (88.5 FM), ☏ +1 513 529-5885. (updated Jul 2019) WMSR (Red Hawk Radio). 24/7. Miami's own student-run online radio. (updated Jul 2019) Cincinnati - most destinations can be reached in one-half to one hour. Dayton - about a 45-minute drive.
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Khasab (Arabic: خصب) is a city in the northwest Omani exclave of Musandam and home to about 18,000 inhabitants. It is the state capital of the Musandam peninsula on the coast of the Hormuz Strait between Iran, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Khasab was isolated from the rest of the region for a long time. In the 16th century Portuguese troops conquered the peninsula and established colonial structures. After Oman regained control, Khasab was controlled tightly due to its strategic position. The construction of the new road from the United Arab Emirates was started by the city to develop its infrastructure and encourage more tourism and investment. It is most popular to spend a weekend off from Dubai or to visit on your way to Muscat, taking the twice a day ferry-boat along the deserted and arid rocky coast of Musandam. The city is the starting point to explore the little-known Musandam Peninsula and its special and unique traditions and culture. Travellers can enjoy great sights in and around the city that can be seen in two or three days cruising the region. Khasab has a hot desert climate with very hot and humid summers and mild winters. Precipitation is low, and mostly falls from December to March. Khasab is best visited in the winter, as it is one of the hottest places in Oman, with summer temperatures regularly climbing over 45°C. The world's highest minimum temperature (41.2°C, since broken) was recorded on the airport in 2011, and in 2017 the highest nighttime low temperature recorded (44.2 °C) was recorded. Khasab is not easy to access, although you have a few transportation options, including daily morning flights from Muscat, a weekly ferry from Muscat or semi-weekly ferry from Dibba, or driving from the UAE through the Al Darah border post. 26.163856.23561 Khasab Airport (KHS IATA) (5 km S of city center), ☏ +968 2673 1592 (airport office), +968 2673 1592 (flight information), [email protected]. Airport office: Sa-W 7AM-1:30PM, Th F 9AM-12:30PM. Oman Air has daily flights from Muscat to Khasab, lasting 45 min. During peak tourism periods, Emirates offer charter flights from Dubai. (updated Apr 2016) 26.2079456.244442 National Ferry Company (Muscat Ferry Boat), NFC Passenger Boarding Office Khasab (near Khasab Fort), ☏ +968 2673 1802, [email protected]. There is ferry service to/from Muscat (5 hr) and Dibba (21⁄2 hr). From Muscat, the ferry departs every Thursday at noon, and returns every Saturday at 11:30AM. From Dibba, ferries depart on Sundays and Thursdays (departure 1PM), and return to Dibba on Tuesdays (departure 10AM) and Thursdays (departure 12:30PM). All ferries have free Wi-Fi, with lunch, snacks and beverages included in the ticket price. You should get your ferry ticket in advance to ensure your place on the boat. Muscat one way: RO 45/23 (business/tourist class); Muscat return: RO 85/44 (business/tourist class); Dibba one way: RO 10 (business class), RO 6 (tourist class). (updated Apr 2016) Passengers disembarking at the 26.2066956.244913 Khasab cruise ship terminal will find free shuttle buses to take them to the city centre, as well as tour operators who charge considerably less than the cruise line for organised excursions. You can easily drive from Dubai or any of the other emirates by heading north on the E11 motorway towards Ras al Khaimah, and then on to the 26.0506456.087781 Al Darah border post, after which the road becomes the very scenic 02, or the 'Khasab Coastal Road'. The road is in very good condition on the Omani side and the UAE RAK part is being upgraded. If driving a hired car, be sure to inquire whether the company permits their cars to be driven into Oman, and if so which specific border crossings may be used, as not all crossings may be permitted. You should let the rental agency know at least a day beforehand, so that they can prepare the necessary documentation for the border officials. If you are driving your own car and do not have coverage for Oman, you can usually purchase third-party liability insurance on the Omani side of the border. This situation may change with little notice. For the very adventurous, it is possible to take a taxi from Ras al Khaimah to the Al Darah border, but there are no taxis on the Omani side. Many trucks pass through this border daily, however, so you can ask an Omani police officer to get you a ride in one of these trucks and then hitchhike all the way to Khasab. There are no taxis in Khasab; however most hotels offer free minivan transportation within the city. To go further afield, you'll have to have your own car, or hire one. Additionally a number of travel agencies in Khasab offer organized minivan city tours, for half- or full-day visits. During the cooler months, it's possible to explore the city by foot, and to hike around nearby villages and the mountains. If by chance you live in the UAE and are visiting Khasab with your own car, you can bring along your bicycle. Dress conservatively if entering Bedouin or remote fishing villages. Abdullah Masood Mohammed Al Shehi Trading Est, Muhafazath, ☏ +968 9159 0612, +968 9978 4020, +968 9254 0406, [email protected]. 9AM-8PM. 26.1990856.245752 Rahal Khasab Rent A Car, ☏ +968 9132 3440, +988 9944 1700, [email protected]. 8AM-10PM. They can deliver a car to the airport or ferry and serve customers within 30 km of Khasab. Cars with or without a driver are available. Saloon cars start from RO 10 per day. 26.208656.244351 Khasab Dhow Port (facing the ferry terminal). The traditional port for dhow boats is a place where you can appreciate and enjoy typical photogenic boats from this region – nowadays most of them are motorised. You can easily find boats here to take you on a sea cruise. 26.2051756.246572 Iranian smugglers (right by the cruise ship dock). Khasab is known for its Iranian smugglers. Daily hundreds of small jet boats cross the Strait of Hormuz from the southern Iranian cities of Bandar Abbas and Qeshm Island, bringing over goats and sheep destined for the UAE, and porting back such diverse items as televisions, cigarettes, and other goods in an effort to avoid Iranian import duties. The smugglers' fortunes fluctuate with the value of the Iranian currency and with the effects of international sanctions. It's a dangerous business, as they must avoid not only very heavy shipping traffic but also the Iranian Coast Guard, which has no qualms of shooting them on sight – spotters on the Iranian side help by tracking the coast guard's movements. Because Khasab is a free trade port the Omani authorities tolerate this practice, provided the activities only take place during daylight hours. Toward sunset the activity gets especially frenetic as they pack up their wares to leave again. 26.1982156.249163 Khasab Castle (S side of the harbour, facing the ferry terminal). The Portuguese constructed this fortress in the beginning of the 17th century and occupied it until their withdrawal from the region. This castle, which housed the Wali and his family in recent centuries and once held prisoners, has been restored and transformed into a regional museum. In the courtyard of the castle are boats and houses representative of the unique heritage of Musandam. RO 0.5. 26.1941456.25244 Al Khmazera Castle (Alkmazrh Fort / Khmazera Castle). Sa-W 8AM-2PM. This fort is inside the city and it seems to belong to a specific tribe among the local people. The fort is taken care by the tribe's youngsters, who are proud of their ancestral possession. (updated Mar 2018) 26.1987356.244935 Khasab palm groves (old city). Hidden inside Khasab's old city, you can visit and explore the beautiful palm groves, which supply local people with some dates. 26.1832556.247316 Khasab Central Mosque (Sultan Qaboos Mosque) (New Souq area). The central mosque in the south of the city was completed in 2009, and is an important landmark. It has a capacity of 1900 worshippers and, just like many other large mosques in Oman, is named after the current sultan. (updated Mar 2018) Dhow cruises. Twice daily. A great way to appreciate the dramatic coastline is to take a cruise in a dhow. Cruises depart from the main Khasab port and travel through Khor Ash Sham, the largest and one of the more scenic fjords. Highlights include dolphin-watching, visits to 26.195556.342887 Telegraph Island (Jazirat al Maqlab) with its abandoned 19th-century British telegraph station, and snorkeling in the surrounding waters. Full-day cruises continue on to 26.220756.39078 Seebi Island (Jazirat Sibi), with possible detours to one or more traditional fishing villages, and more snorkelling. The dhow operator will provide all snorkelling equipment, along with drinks and a snack for the half-day excursion, or lunch for the full-day outing. Any of the agencies in town can arrange this but possibly the easiest way to book a trip is through the front desk of your hotel. Half-day: RO 15 if going with other people, RO 30 if going alone; full-day: RO 20. Diving. The diving season runs from April through January, and the best time to see whale sharks is between May and October. Most dive spots are also suitable for snorkeling. In addition to the dive centres listed below, the Atana Khasab (listed under 'sleep') has its own dive centre. (updated Sep 2018) 26.2002256.244191 Musandam Discovery Diving (off of the Khasab Coastal Rd), ☏ +968 9969 2932, +968 9393 9858, [email protected]. Daily 8:30-noon, 3:30-7:30PM. Offers diving courses, diving, snorkelling and fishing excursions, and rents out equipment. (updated Nov 2019) 26.1646956.242532 Ras Musandam Diver (office is by the airport), ☏ +968 9955 8488, [email protected]. Offers PADI courses and diving trips. (updated Sep 2018) Al Hajar al Gharbi Mountains (Ru'us al-Jabal Mountains). Khasab is a good base to stage a mountain safari and explore the rugged northernmost extremity of the Western Hajar Mountains. If you don't have your own 4WD vehicle, you can rent one or arrange a guided tour through one of the travel agencies in town. Highlights include the prehistoric petroglyphs of 26.177556.217859 Tawi Village and the Musandam Peninsula's highest point, 25.976356.23223 Jebel Harim (2087 m). At the mountain top is a military radar station, so going to the top requires permission and most tours therefore stop at 1600 m above sea level near the military barracks. 26.2118856.23854 Bassa Beach (Bossa Beach). A pleasant beach popular with locals, with picnic and toilet facilities. Free. City walk by night. As the temperature is far more pleasant during the evening, you can stroll around the city center along the avenue and center mosque. Also, there are a couple of gardens that are open by night, where you can see families playing with their children. For exploring the coastline, or for those without a vehicle, there are a half-dozen agencies in town which offer tours with English-speaking guides. Excursions include dhow cruises, kayak tours, mountain safaris, and camping trips. The most established are listed below. Several tour operators offer day-long or overnight dhow trips to the very isolated village of 26.33666756.40972210 Kumzar, where inhabitants speak Kumzari, the only Persian language native to the Arabian peninsula. Visitors to Kumzar must have a permit, which can be arranged in advance by the tour company. 26.2134556.233715 Khasab Travel & Tours (Atana Khasab Hotel), ☏ +968 2673 0464, [email protected]. The oldest agency in Khasab has been operating since 1992. Also has a representative in the Esra Hotel Apartments as well as an office in Dubai. (updated Sep 2018) Dhow Khasab Tours, Khasab Coastal Highway (near Hotel Diwan Al Amir), ☏ +968 9856 7886, [email protected]. Khasab Musandam tourism company. 26.1993356.251716 Dolphin Khasab Tours (Lulu Hypermarket), ☏ +968 9956 6672, [email protected]. (updated Sep 2018) 26.2002356.244197 Khasab Sea Tours, Khasab Coastal Rd, near Hotel Diwan Al Amir, ☏ +968 92009440, [email protected]. 9AM - 6PM. They offer dhow cruises. (updated Sep 2018) 26.2007356.244528 Musandam Sea Adventure Travel & Tourism, Khasab Coastal Rd, ☏ +968 2673 0424, [email protected]. (updated Sep 2018) There are quite a few options of different supermarkets full with normal groceries, bottled water etc. LuLu Market is by far the biggest and offers the biggest variety, but small supermarkets have local products and niche products. 26.1996356.251871 LuLu Hypermarket, New Souq area (harbour area), ☏ +968 26 830100, [email protected]. 8AM-11:45PM. Largest supermarket in Musandam with huge range of products (food/non-food). 26.1981956.249062 Local Handicraft Shop, Khasab Castle (inside Khasab Castle). Many local Musandam handicraft and Omani souvenirs are for sale in the shop inside Khasab Castle. 26.1851556.24673 Old Souq (north of the Persian Gulf Roundabout). The old souq is a good place to pick up hand-crafted walking sticks, the more elaborate of which are decorated with silver. Dates. At the tiny Sikkit market in centre town you can buy fresh dates. Most supermarkets have freezers with several types of ice cream, which is very welcome in the extreme heat. Unsurprisingly the local cuisine is based primarily on grilled meats and seafood, with some Persian influences. Although most hotels have their own onsite restaurants, it is worth seeking out the handful of local establishments listed below. 26.1983456.243561 Amjad Restaurant (near the harbour), ☏ +968 26 830124. Specializes in grilled seafood. (updated Aug 2018) Musandam Restaurant, ☏ +968 2673 0569. 8AM-11PM. Local meat and fish dishes in this restaurant in centre of the city. Expect to pay from RO 1-2 depending on what you eat. Some vegetarian/vegan options. 26.185656.2512 Al Shamaliah Grill & Restaurant, Bani Mohamed Obaid St (near the mosque), [email protected]. Daily 9AM-2AM. Very good grill restaurant at the main square. Popular for local fish and meat dishes. (updated Aug 2018) 26.199456.25243 Telegraph Island Restaurant and Cafe, Khasab Lulu Hypermarket (city centre), ☏ +968 26 730577, [email protected]. Serves freshly cooked food, including grills, Indian and Arabic cuisine, tandoori, pizzas, fresh juices, and fresh brewed coffee. RO 0.3-0.5. (updated Aug 2018) 26.1967556.244974 Wadi Qada Restaurant, Khasab Coastal Rd (near the harbour), ☏ +968 26 730399. A popular Persian restaurant which also serves some vegetarian and vegan options. (updated Aug 2018) As elsewhere in the Gulf region, fruit juices and smoothies are a popular drink served in some restaurants. They are generally made with real fruit and often mixed with ice cream. Black tea is the traditional tea from the region, served in all local restaurants; however nowadays it is usually Lipton Black Tea. Alcohol is served only in a couple of licensed restaurants and bars attached to the Atana Khasab and the Atana Musandam Resort, and as it is imported, rather expensive (e.g. beer RO 3-4). Khasab has six hotels and limited capacities for travellers, and during the weekend hotels are usually sold out. Bassa Beach (Bossa Beach), which is very popular with families, is an option for a single night of camping. The beach has only a toilet and no other facilities. It's directly on the road between Atana Khasab Hotel and Khasab and is very lively during the weekend. Non-Emirati/Omani travellers should expect to be seen as a tourist attraction with unwanted attention from kids or youths from the area. 26.1646556.242821 Esra Hotel Apartments (S of city centre), ☏ +968 26 730464, fax: +968 26 730 364. In essence two apartment buildings for up to 30 people in ca. 16 rooms. Rooms are non-smoking with kitchenettes and free Wi-Fi. There is an onsite coffee shop. RO 25+. (updated Aug 2018) 26.1994456.24632 Lake Hotel, Khasab Coastal Road, ☏ +968 26 731664. Check-in: noon-8AM, check-out: 12:00-13:00. Very basic accommodation, cash only. Free Wi-Fi. Doubles RO 27+. (updated Aug 2018) 26.1756656.246683 Khasab Hotel, Khasab Main Road, ☏ +968 26 730267, +968 26 730271, fax: +968 26 730989, [email protected]. Double, triple, deluxe and family rooms. Swimming pool and restaurant. Free internet access and airport pick-up. Doubles RO 28+ including breakfast, more expensive on weekends and during high season. (updated Aug 2018) 26.2007356.244944 [formerly dead link] Diwan Al Amir, Khasab Main Road, ☏ +968 26 833991, [email protected]. Check-in: 2-6PM, check-out: noon. Has an on-site restaurant, free Wi-Fi, and free shuttle service. Doubles RO 45+ including breakfast. (updated Aug 2018) 26.2136256.233725 Atana Khasab (formerly known as the Golden Tulip Hotel) (38 km from Al Darah border, 5 km from Khasab airport and the city center), ☏ +968 26 730777, [email protected]. Check-in: 2-6PM, check-out: noon. Sea view rooms, swimming and children pool plus play area, gym, WiFi. Licensed with an onsite restaurant. Offers free shuttle service between the hotel and anywhere in Khasab – they will also pick you up if you call. This is the default hotel for package tourists and larger groups, and generally is completely booked at the weekend. Doubles RO 51+ including breakfast, more expensive on weekends and during high season. (updated Aug 2018) 26.202456.25116 Atana Musandam Resort (just N of Lulu Hypermarket and Khasab Castle), ☏ +968 26 730888, [email protected]. Check-in: 2PM-midnight, check-out: noon. Khasab's newest hotel has 110 rooms, each with private balcony or terrace. Other facilities include nonsmoking rooms, an onsite licensed restaurant, fitness and dive centre, pool, and free Wi-Fi. Doubles RO 103+ including breakfast, more expensive on weekends and during high season. (updated Aug 2018) Khasab city centre has a growing number of bank branches due to trading activities. Near the New Souq roundabout in the direction of the main square several banks operate ATMs, including 26.1836156.248863 HSBC, 26.183756.247924 National Bank of Oman, and 26.1834856.248475 Bank Muscat for international debit and credit cards. Any of the banks in the city centre can exchange money during weekdays, and Western Union has a few agents in the city, most of them open daily. 26.1842856.248516 [dead link] Oman UAE Exchange, Al Musaudia St (across from Bank Muscat), ☏ +968 2673 0580, [email protected]. Daily 8:30AM-12:30PM, 4:30-8:30PM. (updated Sep 2018) When visiting nearby villages, it is especially important to dress appropriately and behave respectfully (i.e. do not photograph villagers without their permission). This is not Dubai! For most of the 2010s all visits to Kumzar were suspended following villagers' complaints about outsiders' behaviour; the village been reopened to visitors, but a special permit required (see details above under 'Tour agencies'). Twice weekly ferry-boat from Khasab to Muscat. Minivan service to the border with United Arab Emirates from where you can call a taxi to pick you up and take you to Ras al Khaimah. Flying to Muscat, Khasab Airport. Flights from Khasab to Muscat go daily for a 45 min flight. You have to buy the tickets at least the day before you fly. RO 25 one way.
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Midtown is a major financial and residential district of Atlanta, and an area for dining and nightlife. In other words, it is an area to work, live, and play, with many sites and activities. Midtown is a large commercial and residential neighborhood of Atlanta directly in between Downtown and Atlanta/Buckhead. The skyscraper district aligns Peachtree Street. To the east of Peachtree Street is Piedmont Park, and to the west is Spring Street and West Peachtree Street. This area is rapidly growing with new restaurants, bars, high-rise apartments, and condominiums, creating an urban living experience. While urban, the epicenter of Midtown is the 180-acre Piedmont Park. Midtown is one of Atlanta's largest art districts and has the highest density of art and cultural institutions in the Southeast. Some of these include the Woodruff Arts Center, the High Museum of Art, and the Fox Theatre. Midtown is also the site of major artistic events such as Music Midtown and the Atlanta Dogwood Festival. Inhabitants of Midtown typically include students from nearby Georgia Tech University and young professionals in their 20's and 30's who come from all over the country/world. As a result, Midtown is one of Atlanta's most diverse neighborhoods in the city. Midtown also has a thriving LGBTQ scene. Midtown is where Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 join a single corridor of I-75/85, also known as the Downtown Connector. Midtown can also be accessed by MARTA trains and several bus routes. Both the red and gold lines (the North-South lines) of the MARTA rail stop at three stations in Midtown: North Avenue Station (N3), Midtown Station (N4), and Arts Center Station (N5). MARTA bus 110, "the Peach," runs North-South on Peachtree Street through the entire length of Midtown (connecting to Downtown to the South and Buckhead to the North), running approximately every 15 or 30 minutes depending on the time of day. Atlantic Station is accessible by a free shuttle provided that departs from the MARTA Arts Center Station approximately every 5-15 minutes. The MARTA Bus Route #113 also serves Atlantic Station. By car, from Interstate 75/85 Northbound exit at 14th Street, from Interstate 75 Southbound exit at 16th Street, and from Interstate 85 Southbound exit at 17th Street. 33.7577-84.38211 Atlanta Botanical Gardens, 1345 Piedmont Ave. NE, ☏ +1 404-876-5859. April–October: Tu–Su 9AM–7PM; November–March: Tu-Su 9AM–4PM, M closed. This peaceful oasis includes 30 acres of garden, an urban forest, wildflower trails, the Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory and a 10,000 square-foot Fuqua Orchid Center. The Garden also offers visitors a wealth of year-round special events, exhibits, and educational workshops. $19 (adult); $13 (under 12); free (under 3). 33.7623-84.38752 Fox Theatre, 660 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-881-2000. Tours available M W-Th 10AM; Sa 10AM and 11AM. A fabulous and historic Moorish style cinema and theater dating from the 1920s and now designated a National Historic Landmark. $10 (adult); $5 (senior/student). 33.7623-84.38753 High Museum of Art, 1280 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-733-HIGH (4444). The High Museum of Art is one of the leading art museums in the South, where visitors can see a variety of works from 19th- and 20th-century American, European, African and African-American artists, as well as decorative arts, photography, and modern and contemporary art. 33.7623-84.38754 Museum of Design Atlanta (MODA), 1315 Peachtree Street, NE (at 16th Street, near Arts Center Station). Tu-Sa 10AM - 5PM, Su noon - 5PM. A small, but densely packed museum. Offers various rotating design exhibits that are quite good. Check the website for regular special events, including "Drink in Design" Thursdays where the museum opens in the evening with special talks, drinks, and music. $10 adult; $8 senior, military, educators; $5 youth up to 17, students with ID. 33.7727-84.40485 Atlanta Contemporary Art Center, 535 Means Street NW (Bus 1 from near North Avenue Station or from Five Points Station, or 20 minute walk from North Avenue Station). Tu W F Sa 11AM - 5PM, Th 11AM - 8PM, Su noon - 5PM. Rotating contemporary art exhibitions. Check the website for closures due to installation. $5 general; $3 students, seniors; free on Thursdays and for children under 5. 33.794-84.38926 Museum of Contemporary Art of Georgia (MOCA GA), 75 Bennett Street, Suite A2 (take bus 110 north from anywhere on Peachtree Street, get off at Peachtree Park Drive). Tu-Sa 10AM - 5PM. Hosts both a permanent collection and temporary exhibitions with a focus on artists from the state of Georgia. $5 general, $1 students and seniors, free for military with ID. 33.7816-84.38417 William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, 1440 Spring St, NW, ☏ +1 678-222-3700. Through its exhibitions, publications, and resources, the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum of the Atlanta Jewish Federation explores Jewish heritage in general and as it relates to other cultures and religions. 33.7623-84.38758 Margaret Mitchell House and Museum, 990 Peachtree St, ☏ +1 404-249-7015. M-Sa 10AM-5:30PM, Su noon-5:30PM; closed Jan 1, Thanksgiving Day, Dec 24-25. Tours on the half-hour, from 30 minutes after opening until 4:30PM. A museum dedicated to Margaret Mitchell, the author of Gone with the Wind, featuring her original home where she lived from 1925 to 1932 and wrote her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Those looking for a more complete Gone with the Wind experience should check out the Gone with the Wind Museum in Marietta. $13 adult; $10 senior or student; $8.50 child. (updated Apr 2017) 33.7959-84.38849 Rhodes Hall, 1516 Peachtree Street, NW, ☏ +1 404-885-7800. Sa 10AM-2PM. $5 per person for a guided tour of the 1st floor $7 Behind-the-Scenes tour brings visitors to all 3 floors. (updated Sep 2015) 33.78242-84.3847910 Federal Reserve Bank Money Museum, 1000 Peachtree Street, NE. M-F 9AM-4PM. (updated May 2016) 33.7815-84.403311 Robert C. Williams Museum of Papermaking, 500 10th Street NW. M-F 9AM-5PM. Free. (updated Jun 2016) 33.7925-84.38941 Center for Puppetry Arts, 1404 Spring St. NW, ☏ +1 404-873-3391, [email protected]. The Center for Puppetry Arts is the largest organization in North America dedicated to the art of puppetry. Located in Midtown, the center offers performances from the Family Series for everyone and New Directions for adults. An interactive museum, Puppets: The Power of Wonder, is the largest puppetry museum in the United States. 33.7795-84.38112 Georgia Institute of Technology. Visit the Georgia Tech campus to watch the Yellow Jackets play a football or basketball game, attend a robotics competition, or check out the latest showing at the Ferst Center of the Arts. 33.786111-84.3733333 Piedmont Park (between 10th Street and Piedmont Avenue). Founded in 1904 and comprising more than 180 acres. The park features woods, sports fields, Lake Clara Meer, picnic spots, walking and skating paths and annual events including the Atlanta Dogwood Festival and Bark in the Park. 33.7491-84.39024 Shakespeare Tavern Playhouse, 499 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-874-5299. They tout themselves as "a place out of time" which only begins to describe the atmosphere at the Shakespeare Tavern. Live music, hand-crafted period costumes, and outrageous sword fights sweep the visitor into the passion and poetry of the spoken word. An authentic British Pub Menu and a broad selection of British and Irish ales and premium brews will help keep your physical soul nourished as well. Midtown has stores catering to young urban professionals and to the gay crowd, including hip furniture stores and a few trendy clothing boutiques. The city has planned the "Midtown Mile," a mile-long retail shopping district on Peachtree Street, and retail shops are popping up all over midtown, seemingly on a weekly basis. 33.8045-84.36711 Fat Matt's Rib Shack, 1811 Piedmont Ave, ☏ +1 404-607-1622. Tourist-favorite BBQ destination located toward the Midtown side of the industrial section of town between Midtown and Buckhead where heaping portions of cheap ribs and chicken are served up in a literal shack. (updated Mar 2020) 33.7795-84.38112 Joe's on Juniper, 1049 Juniper St, ☏ +1 404-875-6634. Fun bar and grill blaring 80s music with energetic gay servers (though clientele is mixed) and juicy burgers. (updated Mar 2020) 33.771-84.38323 J.R. Crickets, 129 North Ave NE, ☏ +1 404-881-1950. Su-Th 11AM-2AM, F Sa 11AM-3AM. Their status as "best wings in Georgia" is debatable — they're definitely more "homestyle" than "gourmet", if that helps swing your vote — but they're probably the most well-known. Their new location (after a 2013 fire destroyed the old one) is brighter and more spacious, but retains the dive bar feel that makes J.R. Crickets so characterful. The traditional order used to be plain buffalo wings (hot, medium, or mild; get them "swimming" in extra sauce for $0.75). Thanks to a very quotable scene from the popular TV show Atlanta, the new popular order is "lemon pepper wet" (actually a questionable combination of buffalo sauce and lemon pepper seasoning). 10 wings $9.99, 20 wings $17.99; add $0.59 for lemon pepper. (updated Mar 2020) 33.77318-84.403824 Spoon, 768 Marietta St (just south of Georgia Tech's west campus), ☏ +1 404-522-5655. M-F 11AM-10PM, Sa 5-10PM. Authentic Thai food in a classy setting. 33.7849-84.38625 The Varsity, 61 North Ave (at Spring St), ☏ +1 404-881-1706. Su-Th 10AM-11:30PM, F Sa 10AM-12:30AM. As the world's largest drive-in restaurant, to some people the Varsity is the last bastion of chili cheese dogs and onion rings, staying true to their heritage with their brusque "What'll ya have?" greeting. To others, it's a overrated place that serves greasy, heartburn-inducing food on a dodgy street corner troubled by thugs and panhandlers. But everyone agrees that the F.O. (Frosted Orange, a sort of orange creamsicle slushie) is unbeatable. 33.7915-84.38936 Willy's Mexicana Grill, 1071 Piedmont Ave (West edge of Piedmont Park), ☏ +1 404-249-9054. This Atlanta chain serves California-style burritos that are rolled up in front of you and has a popular outdoor seating section (where it is not uncommon to see dogs leashed to the tables). (updated Mar 2019) Taco Mac. Local bar chain featuring rotating taps and excellent wings. Multiple locations throughout Atlanta. 33.7537-84.39037 Eats, 600 Ponce de Leon Avenue (at Glen Iris Drive just east of Monroe Drive / Boulevard, 12-minute bus ride via route 2 from North Avenue Station departing about every 15 minutes). This is in a nearby neighborhood, between Poncey Highlands and Midtown, but sort of in a grey area. Cheap ($8 meat and three veg with cornbread included), amazing, Caribbean-leaning soul food. Get the jerk chicken or the chicken chili, as those are their most distinctive dishes. Go for a ginger beer as well if you get the jerk chicken. $8-10. 33.777371-84.3836118 Rreal Tacos, 6th Street NE, Suite 110, ☏ +1 404-458-5887. M-Th 11AM-10PM, F-Sa 11AM-11PM. Fast-casual Mexican restaurant, owned by Chef Adrian Villarreal. Features authentic tacos, along with sides and rotating specials. $10. (updated May 2019) 33.78154-84.381039 Zocalo Mexican Kitchen & Cantina, 187 10th St NE. Casual Mexican restaurant near Piedmont Park. (updated Jun 2020) 33.78352-84.384410 RA Sushi, 1080 Peachtree Street #8. A trendy, lounge-like sushi restaurant great for its inventive sushi rolls and cocktails. Has a great outdoor patio and excellent happy hour deals. (updated Apr 2021) 33.77386-84.384911 Baraonda, Peachtree and 3rd St (close to the Fox Theatre). This little Italian restaurant offers some of the best pastas and gourmet thin-crust pizzas in town. 33.77203-84.3812 Mary Mac's Tea Room, 224 Ponce De Leon Ave NE, ☏ +1 404-876-1800. A landmark of old Atlanta cooking, this meat-and-three on Ponce has become an old Atlanta institution. 33.78191-84.3802813 Flying Biscuit Cafe, 1001 Piedmont Ave, ☏ +1 404-874-8887. Opens at 7AM. Serves breakfast all day everyday and famous for brunch. Great place for kosher and vegetarian eaters as they have no beef or pork products - just free-range chicken, "soysauge", and turkey bacon. Long waits on the weekend, so get there early. 33.7866-84.381514 Cypress Street Pint and Plate, 817 West Peachtree Street (at the back of the building with this address, at 5th Street and Cypress Street). Nice burger and beer place with pub food and a good beer selection. $10-15. 33.7764-84.382815 Pasta da Pulcinella, 1123 Peachtree Walk (at 13th Street just east of West Peachtree Street). Great little Italian restaurant. $15-20. 33.776759-84.38316116 Babs, 814 Juniper Street (at 6th Street). Amazing brunch spot with some creative dishes and exceptionally friendly service. Cute, cozy spot as well. $10-20. 33.78326-84.3836217 Cafe Intermezzo, 1065 Peachtree St NE. European-style restaurant that offers 800+ beverages and 70+ pastries along with an extensive breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner menu. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78343-84.384818 Bulla Gastrobar, 60 11th St NE. Spanish tapas spot with a large event space upstairs (updated Apr 2020) 33.78336-84.3824619 Olive Bistro, 1050 Juniper St NE, Suite 4. Mediterranean joint with occasional live music, trivia, and stand-up events. (updated Apr 2020) 33.7841-84.3805320 Cafe Lucia, 205 12th St. NE, Ste R1. Quaint coffee shop and eatery near Piedmont Park. Dutch coffee is their specialty cold brew. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78344-84.3875421 Steamhouse Lounge, 1051 W Peachtree St NW. Casual gulf-inspired seafood restaurant and bar specializing in oysters and lobster dishes. Each year they host the "Oysterfest" food festival right down the road from their location. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78342-84.3842522 Silverlake Ramen, 1080 Peachtree St NE Ste 9. LA-style Ramen spot. Has a large selection of Sake & a full bar. (updated Jun 2020) 33.79164-84.3894723 Nan Thai Restaurant, 1350 Spring St, NW, ☏ +1 404-873-7358. One of the most beautifully appointed restaurants in the city, where sexy Asian servers attend to elegantly-dressed couples and businessmen. The food served up by the husband and wife chef team of Charlie and Nan Niyomkul, who run both Nan and its more casual sister restaurant, Tamarind, is a favorite of many celebrities, including Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan, and Brooke Shields. 33.7795-84.381124 South City Kitchen, 1144 Crescent Ave, ☏ +1 404-873-7358. M-Th Su 11AM-3:30PM & 5PM-10PM, F Sa 11AM-3:30PM & 5PM-10:30PM. South City Kitchen provides an accurate reflection of contemporary new Southern cuisine with a sophisticated spin. $15-28. 33.7753-84.406325 Empire State South, 999 Peachtree Street (at 10th Street, about a block away from Midtown Station). Empire State South is another promising option for those seeking contemporary Southern cuisine. $15-28. 33.7839-84.37926 Ecco, 40 7th Street (at Cypress Street, five-minute walk from Midtown Station). Great contemporary American food and cuisine with "European-inspired" influences with especially nice atmosphere inside, a large wine list, and some interesting cocktail selections, $15-28. 33.78695-84.3874327 Establishment, 1197 Peachtree St NE Suite 517, ☏ +1 404 347-5291. Upscale restaurant/lounge serving craft cocktails and small american-style plates. Has an interesting and unique rustic-chic, antebellum-influenced decor. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78363-84.3847828 The Federal, 1050 Crescent Ave NE. Small, high-end American-style steakhouse known for their burger, as well as their brunch. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78438-84.3851629 Tabla, 77 12th St NE #2. High-end and authentic Indian restaurant. (updated Apr 2020) Midtown is the destination for trendsetters and fashionistas, though due to increasing pressures to keep the area more upscale and to reduce noise at night, the legislature has begun to enact ordinances which have had the result of pushing club activity downtown. Several bars and clubs are within hopping-distance of one another on Crescent Street, and others are scattered about the area. 33.7822-84.369281 Park Tavern (bordering Piedmont Park). Hand-crafted beers, $1 pints when it rains, and live music events. Twisted Taco. Tasty Tex-Mex, margarita pitchers and late-night snacks. Loca Luna. Known for its Latin-influenced house band, tropical decor and diverse Brazilian menu, including 30 different tapas. Smithe's Olde Bar. Laid-back bar and music venue that has showcased great musicians before they became famous; features a MTV Unplugged-like circular stage. 33.7848584.384622 Publico, 1104 Crescent Ave NE. Bar with a rustic feel and large outdoor patio that primarily serves Latin-inspired dishes. An enormous menu of craft beer and cocktails - perhaps the largest in Midtown. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78314-84.387683 11th Street Pub, 1041 W Peachtree St NW. Midtown's well-loved neighborhood dive bar. Open late into the night. Also serves bar food during the day. Big gathering spot to watch Braves, Hawks, Falcons, and Atlanta United games. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78548-84.385714 Tiki Tango Hideaway Oasis, 57 13th St NE. Well-decorated, three-level Tiki bar that serves (strong) tropical cocktails & snacks. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78582-84.387665 McCray's Tavern, 1163 W Peachtree St NE. Lively sports bar with two levels. One of the best places in Midtown to watch a game - known for their great food and cheap game-day drink specials. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78604-84.378536 The Nook, 1144 Piedmont Ave NE. Neighborhood bar right across the street from Piedmont Park. Has a fun outdoor space. The Nook is known for its large fishbowl drinks and tater tots with toppings. This is also a Michigan State bar. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78556-84.385957 Foxtrot Liquor Bar, 45 13th St NE. Classy and polished British-inspired lounge and bar that serves craft cocktails. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78608-84.386068 High Note Rooftop Bar, 53 14th St NE (You must enter through the Moxy or AC Hotel and take the elevator up). Poolside rooftop bar and lounge positioned between the Moxy Midtown Hotel and AC Atlanta Hotel. (updated Apr 2020) 33.78362-84.382479 Anguished Barber, Rear, 1075 Peachtree St NE Suite 5. This place is not just a barbershop, but it also doubles as a full on bar on its own. In one room there is a bar with a cool old school/classic vibe, and in the next room there is a full on barbershop. And yes, you do have access to the full bar if you decide to get your haircut there! (updated Apr 2020) 33.77732-84.3861310 Cypress Street Pint and Place, 817 W Peachtree St NW. Casual watering hole by Georgia Tech's campus. Inexpensive and great for happy hour. The patio area gets very lively on nice days. (updated Jun 2020) 33.79356-84.3686111 Orpheus Brewing, 1440 Dutch Valley Pl NE. Well-established local brewery nestled within Piedmont Park. Offers brewery tours and has a fun taproom/porch. Orpheus brews all kinds of beer, but if you like sour beer this is the place for you. (updated Jun 2020) Ravine. Midtown's newest club which opened in 2018. Often hosts big name DJs such as Steve Aoki. Compound. An Atlanta hotspot. CosmoLava. A three-level club with a VIP floor, a dancing floor and cocktail lounge floor. 33.78595-84.3840812 Domaine, 1150 Crescent Ave NE. A club inside what used to be Atlanta's Opera house, renovated with bigger dance floors, second-floor opera boxes and a new DJ booth. Formerly known as Opera until 2019. Sutra Lounge. Sexual and seductive lounge for singles to mingle and flirt. Midtown is the heart of gay life in Atlanta, particularly centered around the corner of 10th and Piedmont/Juniper. 33.78165-84.3798613 Blake's on the Park, 227 10th St, ☏ +1 404-892-5786. Serves gay southern hospitality like no other with two levels serving food, DJs and drag shows. 33.77904-84.3841214 Bulldog Bar, 893 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-872-3025. A Midtown institution that draws a largely African-American crowd. (updated Jan 2019) 33.79643-84.3707815 Oscar's, 1510 Piedmont Ave, NE, ☏ +1 404-874-7748. Glam Midtown bar offers a throwback to old Hollywood. 33.78474-84.384816 My Sister's Room, 84 12th St NE. Lesbian nightspot in a 2-story setting featuring local beer, dancing, live shows & a pub menu. (updated Apr 2020) 33.77022-84.388121 Crowne Plaza Atlanta - Midtown, 590 West Peachtree St NW. 33.7623-84.38752 Hotel Indigo, 683 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-874-9200. Hip midtown hotel with nouveau New England decor across from the Fox Theatre and close to the MARTA train. Includes events like a doggie happy hour. 33.7913-84.43 Twelve Hotel, 361 17th St, NW, ☏ +1 404-961-1212. Located in Atlantic Station, this sleek, contemporary all-suite hotel features stainless steel appliances and LCD televisions, and is located amidst the Atlantic Station shopping district. WiFi, 24-hour room service, and swimming pool. US$175-350. 33.7779-84.38874 Home2 Suites by Hilton Atlanta Midtown (formerly Regency Suites Hotel), 975 West Peachtree St, ☏ +1 404-876-5003. A boutique hotel in the heart of midtown with a mix of European charm and down-home southern hospitality. It was renamed in March 2020. (updated Mar 2020) 33.7764-84.389265 Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center, 800 Spring St, NW, ☏ +1 404-347-9440. Located in the pedestrian-friendly area of Midtown on Tech Square surrounded by shops and restaurants. Features extensive state-of-the-art meeting and conference facilities. 33.78582-84.385976 Moxy Hotel Atlanta, 48 13th St NE, ☏ +1 404 249-9446. Midtown's newest hotel. It is trendy and great for travelers that are looking to have a good time. The hotel has a large lobby bar filled with different board games, a rooftop bar (High Note), and is surrounded by bars and restaurants on all sides. (updated Apr 2020) 33.7866-84.38527 Four Seasons Hotel Atlanta, 75 14th St, NE, ☏ +1 404-881-9898, fax: +1 404 873-4692. This luxurious Midtown hotel is in the lower third of the GLG Grand tower and within walking distance of Piedmont Park. 33.77265-84.384358 Georgian Terrace Hotel, 659 Peachtree St, NE, ☏ +1 404-897-1991. Southern charm abounds at this grandly-appointed historical hotel across from the Fox Theatre. 33.7623-84.38759 W Atlanta - Midtown, 188 14th St, NE, ☏ +1 404-892-6000. This new hotel offers luxury rooms with post-modern decor, and a short walk to Piedmont Park and numerous pubs, bars, and clubs. 33.78149-84.3830210 Hyatt Atlanta Midtown, 125 10th Street NE, ☏ +1 404-443-1234. The Hyatt Atlanta Midtown is a luxury hotel in Midtown Atlanta adjacent to 10th Street Park. (updated Sep 2016) 33.77987-84.380511 Stonehurst Place, 923 Piedmont Ave NE, ☏ +1 404-881-0722. Stonehurst Place is a luxury boutique hotel and bed and breakfast in Midtown Atlanta. The hotel features six suites, and wedding facilities. (updated Jul 2018) 33.7835-84.3833412 Loews Hotel Atlanta, 1065 Peachtree St NE, ☏ +1 404 745-5000. Located in a modern high-rise building, this upscale hotel is situated right at the heart of Midtown and is walking distance to nearly everything in the neighborhood.
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Saturday, December 29, 2007 File:KylieShowgirl.jpg In an annual tradition, Queen Elizabeth II gave out honours in the 2008 U.K. New Year Honours list today. Chat show host Michael Parkinson is to be knighted, Australian singer Kylie Minogue was made a member of the Order of the British Empire (for services to music), and actor Ian McKellen (who played Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings trilogy) joined the exclusive Order of the Companions of Honour, which is limited to only 65 members. Knighthood was awarded to professor Ian Wilmut, who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep. The list also includes honours for those involved in flood rescue work during 2007 such as Salvation Army Captain Tracey Palmer (who was made a Member of the British Empire, MBE) and Leslie Adams from York. Tom Kelly, who was an official spokesperson for Tony Blair, entered the Order of the Bath. 599 of the 972 awards this year went to ordinary members of the public, who mostly received MBE's. The honours are awarded by the Queen after advice from the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown. It is published in the London Gazette, an official publication of the monarchy. Other recipients of honours include: Jacqueline Wilson, Children's authour Brian Ashton, England Rugby coach Jasper Conran, Designer Karen Millen, Designer Steve Furber, Industrial designer Des Lynam, TV Sports presenter George Alagiah, Journalist Julie Walters, Actress Richard Griffiths, Actor Leslie Phillips Nicholas Kenyon, BBC proms organiser Brendan Foster, Athlete John Higgins, Snooker champion Andy Trotter Nuala O'Loan As in past years the honours list has included honours for those involved in charity work, education and social activisim, such as : Marjorie Wallace, Michele Elliott Alasdair Macdonald, Headmaster Professor Sir Timothy O'Shea, Vice Chancellor of Edinburgh university. Caroline Gammell. "Kylie awarded OBE in New Year Honours list" — The Telegraph, December 30, 2007 Cole Moreton. "New Year Honours: Gongs for the people? Yes, but the big ones go to stars like Parky" — The Independent On Sunday, December 30, 2007 "Parkinson and Minogue top honours" — BBC News, December 29, 2007 "Kylie honored by Britain's Queen" — CNN, December 29, 2007 Full list - hosted by BBC News.
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Grade 7 Lesson 13 Version 0.12 FUN WITH ENGLISH 7A Chapters 11 Our different lifestyles Please note, this plan uses materials whose copyright is controlled by others. Please read the Materials Used Whose Copyright is Owned by Others section at the bottom of this document before re-using them. Some parts of the lesson plan like the definitions for words of the day are local only to my classes. Also, this lesson plan is tweaked depending on the individual tendencies of any class and students. For formatting issues when importing a text file, ' are used instead of quotation marks. Lesson Goals Get as many students as possible speaking English. Identify: opinion vs. fact & argument vs. conversation Review context. Cover natural English as it arises, like 'What's up? ', correct Chinese English and so on. Have long discussions about birds, wetlands and what the students brought for Show & Tell. -- Focuses Listening Set Skill = 6. Listen for gist in passages and conversations. Listening Curriculum Statement = c) Follow discussion to identify fact/opinion. Speaking Set Skill = A. Awareness of context. -- Why? Because knowing the difference between fact and opinion is important for making decisions. -- Definition Opinion = What a person thinks. Fact = What a person knows. Context = What a person or people is/are talking about. -- Example Hold up a book. Say this book is terrible. this book is great! this book is [color of the book]. -- Lesson Question Is this fact or opinion? -- Word(s) of the Day lifestyle the choices we make on how to live our lives -- Contact Information QQ ID 867996874 QQ Name Danoff e-mail [email protected] -- Teaching Materials FUN WITH ENGLISH 7A Textbook Lessons Notebook Stopwatch -- Chinese English If the following things are said by a student, address the whole class. No why. Give me! I know! I know! If a student uses the adjective interesting, try to push them to use other words, as well. Always ask if students have questions or be patient and what for volunteers to answer my quesitons before forcing kids to respond. / CLASS / Plan 0 In classroom at least 30 minutes before my first class of the day. Before class, make sure chairs are set up correctly Write Lesson plan, Lesson, Definitions, my contact info, words of the day and that it's OK to say “I don't know” or “No reason” on the board. Stopwatch ready to go before class. 1 Coversation 0 - 8 Minutes start class with what's up? go over the different responses If the kids don't respond, ask them the questions directly. Are you tired? Are you cold? What is happening in the news these days? What did you do in your clubs after school yesterday? Have you watched any good [movies, cartoons, tv shows, ....] recently? Have you read any good [books, comics, articles ....] recently? Have you watched any good recently? What class did you just have? Do you like it? what club did you have yesterday? what will you do in your club today? 2 Joke 2 Minutes b joke from http://iteslj.org 3 Introduction 2 Minutes Point out the Lesson Plan, mention if we move fast, we can get to the game quicker. Tell them my contact info, and say that I am busy. E-mail is much better. Mention that if ask a question and they don't know the answer, it's fine to say I don't know. Write No why and that it's usually OK to say No reason. Usually OK for No reason. because some times students need to answer why? - like, if you know they are cheating and you want to ask why they chose a certain answer? Go over the words of the day. 4 Page 42 Let's get ready A & B 5 - 10 Min Walk around the class, help the students who are struggling. Tell the students if they have any questions, to raise their hands. Try to get a conversation going, ask some of the following questions, what is a healthy lifestyle? do you like healthy lifestyles? Say what I think about different things. Try to keep this going as long as possible, but not so long we don't get any other textbook activities done.. Call on as many students as possible. End w/What is the context of our conversation? If they don't know context, go through the definition. 5 Page 44 Let's listen B 5 - 10 Min I read. Try to get a dialogue going, ask Whose lifestyle do you like more, David's or Karen's? Say what I think about different things. Try to keep this going as long as possible, but not so long we don't get any other textbook activities done.. Call on as many students as possible. End w/What is the context of our conversation? 6 Show & Tell Activity 15 - 30 Minutes [Depending on how many kids share.] Be sure to bring something of your own down to class for the kids to discuss. Ask the students if they remembered the homework? Tell them if they forgot, it is OK, because they really did not forget! They all brought their clothes, pens and books. Tell the students they have to write three sentences about what they brought. If you can feel they are not understanding, as an example say and write three sentences on the board about what you are wearing, e.g. I brought my coat. It is [COLOR] and [WARM]. I like to wear it everyday. Walk around and help the kids, if a kid forgot to bring something, remind them tochoose something they are wearing, or a pen or something like that. After the writing time is finished, go first. Then, ask for volunteers. If no one does, start selecting students. After the speaker has spoken, ask for questions. If there are none, chose two students. Repeat every time. Possibly have the speaker give their speech again, if they only speak quietly looking down into their book the entire time or if they mumble. -- Extra Time Competitive Hangman Is 'Simon says' too easy for you? What's the Question? / AFTER CLASS / Lesson Review Notes -- What I did well -- What I could improve upon -- Next Week -- Thoughts Class Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 / APPENDIX / Materials Used Whose Copyright is Owned by Others I used these because it was allowed within the rights given by the people who made the materials. The copyright of this lesson plan does not reflect the copyright of these materials. If I used something created by you and you would like me to not or change the attribution, please let me know. Copyright Holder East Meets West China Website http://emwchina.com/about/about.htm Materials Used Focuses, taken from the curriculum section of the 2009/2010 East Meets West China Information Booklet. Copyright Holder The Internet TESL Journal Website http://iteslj.org/ Copyright Notice http://iteslj.org/copyright.html Contact Information http://iteslj.org/mail/ Materials Used Joke was slightly modified from one I got from the ITESLJ. http://iteslj.org/c/jokes.html “What's the Question” from the ITESLJ. http://iteslj.org/games/9868.html Copyright Holder Two of my students at AFLS who gave me the idea for Competitive Hangman. Materials Used Competitive Hangman Copyright Holder Dave Sperling of Dave's ESL Cafe Website http://daveseslcafe.com Contact Information http://www.eslcafe.com/contact.html Material Used Is 'Simon says' too easy for you? submitted by David Kendrick from New Zealand. http://www.eslcafe.com/idea/index.cgi?display:1063330109-41948.txt -- Materials Used Which I Made I will likely only use materials I created which I entered into the Public Domain, but read carefully in case I licensed one thing different which may be what you want to re-use. Show & Tell Activity, which I entered into the Public Domain http://mr.danoff.org/show-and-tell-v0.1.txt -- Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the 8th grade classes at Anqing Foreign Language School who had this lesson for their participation and feedback. I would also like to thank the Anqing Foreign Language School for allowing me to teach. The idea for 'do lists to start naming as many birds as possible?' in the instructions for Page 50 Let's get ready A & B came from Mr. Brown. -- Notes -- Additional Questions & Instructions for This Lesson -- Changelog Version 0.1 November 15th, 2009 Created in an afternoon train ride from Hefei to Anqing with Mr. Brown. Original questions chosen: 42A, 43A&B, 44B, and 45A. Version 0.11 December 3rd, 2009 Shaped the questions around the 8a.lesson13ver0.11 skeleton and did some alterations along the way. December 4, 2009 added a new joke from the ITESLJ. Version 0.12 11 September 2010 Removed some extraneous information and lightly made it Mediawiki friendly. -- Contact Information I am actively seeking feedback on how to improve this lesson, please email me at, [email protected] -- Lesson Associated Blog Post Please visit the link above to leave comments, criticisms or thoughts about this lesson in the comments section.
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General: Introduction | Explanations | Why Unix-like Platforms: Linux | BSD Quick Reference: Commands | Environment Variables | Files | License General: Introduction | External Links Distributions: FreeBSD | Mac OS X | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Historical This page summarizes the main features of the *BSD kernel and system, especially in comparison to other Unix-like systems. Currently, this page covers the free variants of *BSD, especially DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. There are also nonfree variants. The Wikibook, A Neutral Look at Operating Systems, gives an overview of BSD in its Berkeley Software Distribution chapter. The *BSD systems are descendants of AT&T Unix (though non-free Unix code was removed) so they feel more like Unix than GNU/Linux. AT&T had cheaply licensed the code to universities including Berkeley where major enhancements such as TCP/IP was then developed. The last BSD release from Berkeley had non-free code removed so more persons could use it. Today, the *BSD projects honor their ancestry putting BSD at the end of their names. The four big *BSD systems are free software and open source. While *BSD does use some copylefted GNU programs, most of *BSD is not copyleft, which leaves everyone free to make non-free versions of *BSD and distribute binaries without source code. However, some parts of *BSD have extra terms in the license that annoy some people, and which are not found in the GNU licenses. In particular, there was enough dislike for the "advertising clause" (which requires marks on certain ads) that the Regents of the University of California removed it from their license; some other *BSD copyright holders still use the clause. The core system, including kernel and userland, is maintained in one CVS tree. This is similar to OpenSolaris and OpenDarwin, but GNU/Linux programs and kernels are in separate trees, and the development trees of non-free Unix-like systems are normally not public. Compare: DragonFly BSD http://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/ FreeBSD http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ NetBSD http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/ OpenBSD http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/ OpenSolaris http://cvs.opensolaris.org/source/ OpenDarwin http://cvs.opendarwin.org/index.cgi/ The *BSD sources are stored in /usr/src/ and the kernel in /usr/src/sys/. The *BSD kernel and system programs are heavily integrated, and so must be upgraded together. Recall that a kernel is the interface between programs and hardware. Unix-like kernels provide device drivers and networking support and allow multiple users and programs to share the system. The *BSD kernel (often installed at "/bsd/") is monolithic, which means that it is one program in one memory-addressing space. Thus the kernel avoids forming and sending messages between parts of itself. DragonFly BSD is changing some of this. The original AT&T Unix and Linux are also monolithic, while mkLinux and the kernel of Mac OS X are modular. The kernel is actually the original AT&T Unix with all of its files replaced. The BSD university project had added or replaced so much stuff (the VAX port, the networking features, the fast file system, ...) that *BSD projects could take the free parts and produce completely free kernels without needing a Unix license. A consequence of this is that the BSD kernel has a similar structure to commercial Unix kernels also descended from AT&T Unix. The kernel contains a "securelevel" feature which attempts to permanently restrict what all users (including root, the superuser) can do after a certain point in the boot process. The kernel boot messages (also visible with dmesg, on all Unix systems) are organized and shows where each device was detected. In contrast, the Linux drivers seem to give any boot messages that they feel like. The mounting and examining of "/proc" and "/sys", or the use of tools like "lspci", is a better strategy on Linux. Recall that userland consists of all the software above the kernel. This section describes the userland included with the base system. The programs in /bin/ and /sbin/ are statically linked. This is because /usr/ might not be mounted, so the shared library /usr/lib/libc.so cannot be used. Static linking is when each program is in one file, without the need for other files (shared libraries) containing code shared by programs. The library code is copied into the programs. The main text editor in the base system is "vi". This is nvi included with BSD, and ultimately the original vi, and is not some other vi implementation such as vim. Actually, nvi is a clone of the original vi. The clone was necessary to remove some non-free Unix code. OpenBSD also includes "mg", an editor resembling Emacs 17 but without any free but copylefted GNU code. FreeBSD includes "ee", the "easy editor" with some similarities to nano and pico (both of which are in the ports tree, although nano is free software and pico isn't). There is a ports tree or packages tree originally from FreeBSD. This consists of Makefiles that automate the downloading, extracting, patching, and building of software for *BSD. This is the main way of installing stuff that is not part of the base system. On NetBSD this is called pkgsrc. A unique feature of the pkgsrc tree is that it also works on other operating systems. DragonFly BSD also uses pkgsrc. Thus installing a program is often two easy steps. First, type a "cd" command to the directory containing the port (for example, /usr/ports/games/nethack/). Then, type a "make install" command and wait for everything to finish. Building software takes a long time, so many prefer to use a binary package instead of a "make install". The system compiler is the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) with C, C++, Objective C, and Fortran 77. By default, gcc does not look in /usr/local/ for header files and libraries; it only looks at the base system. The base system can rebuild itself with gcc.
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Cole Herbert Annie Bowman was an author and a reporter in the 19th century America. The great depression was a time of great despair and angst. For many reasons the people of America were depressed and had zero hope when they went to work each and every day. Annie, an everyday person, who strived for greater pastures during the great depression, took advantage of an opportunity given by the government to try to better thyself and achieve the American dream. Average people could strive to be interviewers and journalists and publish the content of the people of the great depression. Average people interviewing other average people is the highlight of this project. Annie interviewed the Hines family of Colombia, Alabama. To try to get recognition and attempt to receive money based off of some goof work, Annie interviewed this family. An average, African American family from the south during the great depression. The content that she received was more than astonishing, seeing how the everyday life of an African American family in the south during the great depression lived. House mid 1930's The Hines family was an average family living in the south during the great depression. Times were low and money was scarce with strict government rules and regulations. Mary Hines, the mother of nine children, was a schoolteacher at the local school, along with four of her children. Four of her other children are diseased, from issues that are not disclosed. Mary’s youngest child is in local high school, the only remaining child still in school. Mary’s family is somewhat well off. Her remaining children that are alive are all working, making this family above the average money wise for African American families during the time period. Mary’s other four children, who are alive, are teaching in schools and making wages. During the times, the wages for workers were not high, each of the children made $30 a month. Mary, as a side job, is a washer. The Hines house was repossessed by the government, and to repay the government, the family had to pay $5 a month for the next seven years of their life. The house that they lived in was very small which was average for an African American family at the time. There was a living room suite and 8 bedrooms. The rooms were not very big and fit just enough space to house the eight children that were living there throughout the years. The father of the household was half blind and could only see a very small amount since his recent eye surgery. He was a very capable man who worked and kept his own garden. He proclaimed that he could “pick cotton a little,” which showed that he was a working man. The Great Depression in the South The Hines family was an average family living in the south during the great depression. Times were low and money was scarce with strict government rules and regulations. Mary Hines, the mother of nine children, was a schoolteacher at the local school, along with four of her children. Four of her other children are diseased, from issues that are not disclosed. Mary’s youngest child is in local high school, the only remaining child still in school. Mary’s family is somewhat well off. Her remaining children that are alive are all working, Family Life Her remaining children that are alive are all working, making this family above the average money wise for African American families during the time period. Mary’s other four children, who are alive, are teaching in schools and making wages. During the times, the wages for workers were not high, each of the children made $30 a month. Mary, as a side job, is a washer. The Hines house was repossessed by the government, and to repay the government, the family had to pay $5 a month for the next seven years of their life. The house that they lived in was very small which was average for an African American family at the time. There was a living room suite and 8 bedrooms. Living Quarters The rooms were not very big and fit just enough space to house the eight children that were living there throughout the years. The father of the household was half blind and could only see a very small amount since his recent eye surgery. He was a very capable man who worked and kept his own garden. He proclaimed that he could “pick cotton a little,” which showed that he was a working man. Bowman, Annie L. “Folder 3: Bowman, Annie L. (Interviewer): Another Version of the above Interview.” Federal Writers Project Papers. The Great Depression., catalog “Federal Writers' Project.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Mar. 2021 “Great Depression History.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009 Ohanian, Lee E., and Barry Eichengreen. "The Great Recession in the Shadow of the Great Depression: A Review Essay on Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses and Misuses of History, by Barry Eichengreen." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 4 (2017): 1583-601. Accessed April 3, 2021. Marsh, John. “The Emotional Life of the Great Depression.” Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford University Press Bowman, Annie L. “Folder 3: Bowman, Annie L. (Interviewer): Another Version of the above Interview.” Federal Writers Project Papers, dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/03709/id/995/rec/1. The Great Depression., catalog.lib.unc.edu/catalog/UNCb10288661. “Federal Writers' Project.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Mar. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project. “Great Depression History.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/great-depression/great-depression-history. Ohanian, Lee E., and Barry Eichengreen. "The Great Recession in the Shadow of the Great Depression: A Review Essay on Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses and Misuses of History, by Barry Eichengreen." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 4 (2017): 1583-601. Accessed April 3, 2021. doi:10.2307/26417166. Marsh, John. “The Emotional Life of the Great Depression.” Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford University Press, oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198847731.001.0001/oso-9780198847731. Reflection: What do you see as the strongest part of your Wikiversity entry? Why? The strongest part of my wikiversity page is my overview. I feel like my overview could be read and be understood by the common viewer. What do you see as the weakest part of your Wikiversity entry? Why? My weakest part of the wikiversity page is the social context. I feel like more could have been said and better explained to the reader. What have you learned about addressing a general audience reading about a topic in the social sciences? I have learned that when addressing a larger scale audience, I need to keep things short and simple. What process did you go through to choose a topic? I sorted through a couple of sources and chose the source that I most felt would be interesting towards myself. How have you become a more critical/analytical thinker, reader, and writer? What skills do you hope to develop further? I have been able to analyze thoughts and sources and incorporate my thoughts into them. What organizational strategy did you use? How successful was it? Why? I gathered all of my sources and used my thoughts to incorporate new thoughts. What is the one revision you made that you are most satisfied with? Why? I am most satisfied with my sentence structure revisions. If you could make an additional revision, what would it be? Why? I feel like my sentence structure could be stronger. How did your reviewer(s) help you? How could you have more effectively used the comments and suggestions you received? He helped me with my sentence structure and formulating better words. How did reviewing a peer’s Wikiversity entry help you? It helped me see how sentence structure was supposed to be formed. What sentence-level problems did you find most frequently in your writing? How will you avoid that problem in future assignments? My sentences were often found to me as too wordy and too long. What problems, if any, did you have documenting (citing) your sources? It was trouble trying to master the Chicago style at first.
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