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+1
+00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thousand meter finals I'd like to take</font>
+
+2
+00:01:42,950 --> 00:01:47,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the opportunity to thank all of the</font>
+
+3
+00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:50,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">volunteers officials and track stewards</font>
+
+4
+00:01:47,930 --> 00:01:53,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">too for all their time and effort this</font>
+
+5
+00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:53,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weekend to make this event happen</font>
+
+6
+00:07:52,330 --> 00:08:01,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have a clean start to this our fourth</font>
+
+7
+00:07:55,860 --> 00:08:04,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">final the e final race 44 e for skaters</font>
+
+8
+00:08:01,060 --> 00:08:06,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this all representing Quebec number</font>
+
+9
+00:08:04,150 --> 00:08:09,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one Elsa LaBelle number two flappy</font>
+
+10
+00:08:06,610 --> 00:08:13,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">LaRoche Roy number three Emily de Rome</font>
+
+11
+00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:13,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and number for me</font>
+
+12
+00:08:19,129 --> 00:08:21,189
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+13
+00:08:52,320 --> 00:09:01,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number three Emily de Rome takes the</font>
+
+14
+00:08:55,199 --> 00:09:03,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lead the rush ROI into second place now</font>
+
+15
+00:09:01,050 --> 00:09:06,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two and a half laps to go</font>
+
+16
+00:09:03,560 --> 00:09:08,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Emily de Rome from Quebec open front boy</font>
+
+17
+00:09:06,959 --> 00:09:11,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">following her closely</font>
+
+18
+00:09:08,850 --> 00:09:12,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those two have opened up some space now</font>
+
+19
+00:09:11,009 --> 00:09:15,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one and a half laps to go</font>
+
+20
+00:09:12,569 --> 00:09:25,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">LaRoche Roy passing on the inside into</font>
+
+21
+00:09:15,420 --> 00:09:32,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the lead to Rome trying to take the lead</font>
+
+22
+00:09:25,230 --> 00:09:35,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back there's the Bell LaRoche Roy with</font>
+
+23
+00:09:32,940 --> 00:09:40,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some open space now and she is going to</font>
+
+24
+00:09:35,069 --> 00:09:40,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">finish first in this final</font>
+
+25
+00:11:05,700 --> 00:11:13,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right race 44 DRD final underway for</font>
+
+26
+00:11:10,180 --> 00:11:17,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">skaters all representing Quebec wearing</font>
+
+27
+00:11:13,660 --> 00:11:17,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number one area on Fournier wearing</font>
+
+28
+00:11:17,140 --> 00:11:23,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number two</font>
+
+29
+00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:33,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oceana Rochelle numeral tuas era 14 and</font>
+
+30
+00:11:23,100 --> 00:11:35,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Katra so II can delay it is currently</font>
+
+31
+00:11:33,310 --> 00:11:35,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number four</font>
+
+32
+00:11:55,450 --> 00:11:58,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+33
+00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:09,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+34
+00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:18,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right this is race 44 be are be</font>
+
+35
+00:14:14,329 --> 00:14:20,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">final for skaters wearing number one</font>
+
+36
+00:14:18,139 --> 00:14:22,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from British Columbia cherylin Chung</font>
+
+37
+00:14:20,019 --> 00:14:25,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wearing number two from Alberta Caitlyn</font>
+
+38
+00:14:22,639 --> 00:14:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pelkey wearing number three from Quebec</font>
+
+39
+00:14:25,399 --> 00:14:33,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and Clarabel a and wearing number four</font>
+
+40
+00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:34,129
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from a Theriot Danya Elsa Mac seven laps</font>
+
+41
+00:14:33,290 --> 00:14:36,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to go</font>
+
+42
+00:14:34,129 --> 00:14:46,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Chung from BC currently leading Pelkey</font>
+
+43
+00:14:36,649 --> 00:14:48,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in second now it's Pelkey moving into</font>
+
+44
+00:14:46,309 --> 00:14:53,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first place around the outside Chung</font>
+
+45
+00:14:48,139 --> 00:14:55,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stays in second Elsa Mac in third five</font>
+
+46
+00:14:53,899 --> 00:14:58,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">laps remaining</font>
+
+47
+00:14:55,720 --> 00:15:05,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Katelyn Pelkey from Alberta in first</font>
+
+48
+00:14:58,639 --> 00:15:09,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place and there's a crash at turn four</font>
+
+49
+00:15:05,149 --> 00:15:09,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">belay from Quebec is down</font>
+
+50
+00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:22,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is still Pelkey from Alberta in first</font>
+
+51
+00:15:19,570 --> 00:15:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Chun from British Columbia in second</font>
+
+52
+00:15:22,980 --> 00:15:27,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Elsa Mac hanging back in third place</font>
+
+53
+00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:27,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right now</font>
+
+54
+00:15:32,459 --> 00:15:44,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one lap to go the races for first place</font>
+
+55
+00:15:35,770 --> 00:15:47,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pelkey holding onto first and at the</font>
+
+56
+00:15:44,890 --> 00:15:51,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">line unofficial winner of the B final</font>
+
+57
+00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:54,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Katelyn Pelkey from Alberta cherylin</font>
+
+58
+00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:54,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Chung from British Columbia second</font>
+
+59
+00:16:02,430 --> 00:16:06,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one skater still on the track</font>
+
+60
+00:17:36,470 --> 00:17:43,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and now introducing the ladies a final</font>
+
+61
+00:17:40,700 --> 00:17:49,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in lane one wearing number one numero</font>
+
+62
+00:17:43,470 --> 00:17:51,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deux Quebec Beatriz tell arm lane to</font>
+
+63
+00:17:49,260 --> 00:17:57,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">numero deux du Quebec</font>
+
+64
+00:17:51,090 --> 00:18:02,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sybil e da who lane 3 from Alberta he</font>
+
+65
+00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:03,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wants on and in lane four numeral cat</font>
+
+66
+00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:07,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">took you back</font>
+
+67
+00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Malina Tremblay</font>
+
+68
+00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:33,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have a clean cautious start to this</font>
+
+69
+00:18:31,780 --> 00:18:38,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">race the a final out in front right now</font>
+
+70
+00:18:33,940 --> 00:18:42,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sue Lido number two followed by number</font>
+
+71
+00:18:38,590 --> 00:18:53,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one Delorme Quebec he once saw Annabelle</font>
+
+72
+00:18:42,370 --> 00:18:56,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Berta sitting in three now very cautious</font>
+
+73
+00:18:53,170 --> 00:18:56,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">start to this race</font>
+
+74
+00:19:05,970 --> 00:19:11,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reminder he wants on currently the</font>
+
+75
+00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:14,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">overall points leader in this race in</font>
+
+76
+00:19:11,970 --> 00:19:18,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this event I should say now the pace</font>
+
+77
+00:19:14,850 --> 00:19:20,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">picks up number one the interest alarm</font>
+
+78
+00:19:18,149 --> 00:19:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has moved into the lead now five laps to</font>
+
+79
+00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:24,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go</font>
+
+80
+00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:28,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sibley Dow in second he wants on third</font>
+
+81
+00:19:24,360 --> 00:19:28,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Melina Tremblay and fourth</font>
+
+82
+00:19:38,230 --> 00:19:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three laps to go now no change in the</font>
+
+83
+00:19:41,270 --> 00:19:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order now saw and making a move around</font>
+
+84
+00:19:47,360 --> 00:19:54,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the outside trying to get into second</font>
+
+85
+00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:57,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place challenging for first around the</font>
+
+86
+00:19:54,620 --> 00:20:01,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outside he wants on into the lead</font>
+
+87
+00:19:57,010 --> 00:20:04,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one lap to go he once saw an open front</font>
+
+88
+00:20:01,750 --> 00:20:08,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number for Malina Tremblay has moved</font>
+
+89
+00:20:04,610 --> 00:20:11,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into second place but at the line the</font>
+
+90
+00:20:08,059 --> 00:20:11,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unofficial winner he wants on</font>
+
+91
+00:20:20,559 --> 00:20:22,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+92
+00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:56,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have moved now to our men's 40 phrase</font>
+
+93
+00:21:52,010 --> 00:21:58,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">45 ye ye final for skaters all from</font>
+
+94
+00:21:56,480 --> 00:22:01,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Quebec wearing number one Amelia and</font>
+
+95
+00:21:58,370 --> 00:22:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Blackburn wearing number two Alexandra</font>
+
+96
+00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:07,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pichet a number three</font>
+
+97
+00:22:03,680 --> 00:22:15,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">emil bond and number four numeral cat</font>
+
+98
+00:22:07,100 --> 00:22:17,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Charles Etienne a toe where six and a</font>
+
+99
+00:22:15,770 --> 00:22:20,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">half laps to go number one currently</font>
+
+100
+00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:27,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leading Amelia and Blackburn actual mon</font>
+
+101
+00:22:20,750 --> 00:22:27,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">premier class Blackburn Nadeau in second</font>
+
+102
+00:22:43,900 --> 00:22:51,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three and a half laps to go Blackburn</font>
+
+103
+00:22:46,299 --> 00:22:57,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">continuing to lead Nadeau in second</font>
+
+104
+00:22:51,460 --> 00:23:06,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">currently in third bond Pichet dropping</font>
+
+105
+00:22:57,549 --> 00:23:08,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off the pace now two laps to go there's</font>
+
+106
+00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:16,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Bell one lap to go still emelian</font>
+
+107
+00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:18,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back burn in the lead and he will not be</font>
+
+108
+00:23:16,510 --> 00:23:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">caught finishing first</font>
+
+109
+00:23:18,210 --> 00:23:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Amelia and Blackburn</font>
+
+110
+00:23:27,559 --> 00:23:29,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+111
+00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:11,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+112
+00:24:18,370 --> 00:24:20,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+113
+00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:58,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our D final off to a clean start three</font>
+
+114
+00:24:54,490 --> 00:25:01,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">racers in this number one from Quebec</font>
+
+115
+00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:04,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Felix roussel wearing number two</font>
+
+116
+00:25:01,090 --> 00:25:07,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">representing Alberta Nathan Thomas and</font>
+
+117
+00:25:04,140 --> 00:25:16,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wearing number three from Quebec Charles</font>
+
+118
+00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:17,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whoo seven laps to go Charles whoo</font>
+
+119
+00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:22,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number three currently in the lead</font>
+
+120
+00:25:17,910 --> 00:25:22,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">followed by Russell and Thomas</font>
+
+121
+00:25:32,580 --> 00:25:37,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now it's number one Felix through self</font>
+
+122
+00:25:35,790 --> 00:25:39,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm come back moving into the lead</font>
+
+123
+00:25:37,230 --> 00:25:42,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thomas now challenging for second and</font>
+
+124
+00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:42,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">moves into second place</font>
+
+125
+00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:53,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paced continuing to pick up now seelix</font>
+
+126
+00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:56,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Roussel still leading nathan thomas</font>
+
+127
+00:25:53,860 --> 00:25:59,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chasing him in second place three laps</font>
+
+128
+00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:59,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to go</font>
+
+129
+00:26:11,350 --> 00:26:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the skeeters punch up now one lap to</font>
+
+130
+00:26:14,299 --> 00:26:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go</font>
+
+131
+00:26:18,549 --> 00:26:23,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thomas hanging on to second place there</font>
+
+132
+00:26:20,899 --> 00:26:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so far and now at the finish it is</font>
+
+133
+00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number one finishing first Felix roussel</font>
+
+134
+00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from Quebec</font>
+
+135
+00:26:34,090 --> 00:26:36,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+136
+00:27:49,230 --> 00:27:55,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our see final has three skaters in it</font>
+
+137
+00:27:53,110 --> 00:27:58,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wearing number one from Quebec Charles</font>
+
+138
+00:27:55,810 --> 00:28:02,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Emile's jelly Nadia wearing number two</font>
+
+139
+00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:04,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from Quebec Jerome core malls and</font>
+
+140
+00:28:02,220 --> 00:28:06,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wearing helmet cover number three</font>
+
+141
+00:28:04,120 --> 00:28:10,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">representing Ontario Ethan McKinley</font>
+
+142
+00:28:06,340 --> 00:28:12,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">young it was a number four on the start</font>
+
+143
+00:28:10,360 --> 00:28:17,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sheet Graham Rossiter from Quebec did</font>
+
+144
+00:28:12,460 --> 00:28:19,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not start this race now it's number</font>
+
+145
+00:28:17,860 --> 00:28:22,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three McKinley young moving into first</font>
+
+146
+00:28:19,900 --> 00:28:33,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place</font>
+
+147
+00:28:22,020 --> 00:28:40,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">six laps to go as Ella Nadia passing</font>
+
+148
+00:28:33,190 --> 00:28:42,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into first now became the young dropping</font>
+
+149
+00:28:40,990 --> 00:28:46,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back to third and that puts court Walsh</font>
+
+150
+00:28:42,910 --> 00:28:53,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in second place now the pace is picking</font>
+
+151
+00:28:46,810 --> 00:28:56,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up three and a half laps to go Jelena</font>
+
+152
+00:28:53,230 --> 00:28:56,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Deon continuing to lead</font>
+
+153
+00:29:02,900 --> 00:29:07,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two laps to go McKinley young looking</font>
+
+154
+00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:12,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a way around way to get up into the</font>
+
+155
+00:29:07,610 --> 00:29:16,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">top to one lap to go Charles</font>
+
+156
+00:29:12,970 --> 00:29:24,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Emily's Gela nadion currently in the</font>
+
+157
+00:29:16,100 --> 00:29:24,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lead and at the line it is Johanna Dion</font>
+
+158
+00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:33,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+159
+00:30:51,390 --> 00:30:57,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our B final is under way for skaters</font>
+
+160
+00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:59,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wearing number one representing Quebec</font>
+
+161
+00:30:57,130 --> 00:31:03,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Felix be shown wearing number two numero</font>
+
+162
+00:30:59,950 --> 00:31:05,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deux du Quebec Charles for ten number</font>
+
+163
+00:31:03,250 --> 00:31:08,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three representing Alberta met a</font>
+
+164
+00:31:05,260 --> 00:31:14,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Peterson and number four from Quebec</font>
+
+165
+00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:16,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Justin Bergeron fast-paced to this race</font>
+
+166
+00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:19,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to start with it is number one Felix</font>
+
+167
+00:31:16,150 --> 00:31:22,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pshaw in first place followed by matei</font>
+
+168
+00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Peterson of Alberta</font>
+
+169
+00:31:31,830 --> 00:31:37,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now Peterson around the outside moves</font>
+
+170
+00:31:34,500 --> 00:31:48,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into first taking over the lead number</font>
+
+171
+00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:49,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two for ten moving up into second three</font>
+
+172
+00:31:48,570 --> 00:31:51,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">laps remaining</font>
+
+173
+00:31:49,770 --> 00:31:55,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Peterson continuing to lead this be</font>
+
+174
+00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:56,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">final and now battle for second is</font>
+
+175
+00:31:55,920 --> 00:31:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number four</font>
+
+176
+00:31:56,790 --> 00:32:07,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Justin Bergeron moving up into second</font>
+
+177
+00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:09,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place now Pisa back into a second</font>
+
+178
+00:32:07,700 --> 00:32:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">challenging for first</font>
+
+179
+00:32:09,420 --> 00:32:14,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pshah moves into first place Peterson</font>
+
+180
+00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:17,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">holding on to second final corner</font>
+
+181
+00:32:14,930 --> 00:32:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Felix pazham finishing first in our beef</font>
+
+182
+00:32:17,940 --> 00:32:23,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'd all but a Peterson's second - Justin</font>
+
+183
+00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:23,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bergeron</font>
+
+184
+00:32:30,010 --> 00:32:32,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+185
+00:33:19,330 --> 00:33:30,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and now are a final for the men's 1000</font>
+
+186
+00:33:23,049 --> 00:33:32,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meters in the main event in lane 1</font>
+
+187
+00:33:30,149 --> 00:33:34,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">representing Alberta the overall points</font>
+
+188
+00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:40,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leader for this competition so far</font>
+
+189
+00:33:34,450 --> 00:33:47,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brendon Yamada in lane 2 from Quebec</font>
+
+190
+00:33:40,090 --> 00:33:51,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Manuel filardo in lane 3 numeral tois du</font>
+
+191
+00:33:47,139 --> 00:33:54,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Quebec William Sohee a and Lane 4</font>
+
+192
+00:33:51,940 --> 00:33:58,169
+<font color="white" size=".72c">numeral cat also from Quebec to Quebec</font>
+
+193
+00:33:54,429 --> 00:33:58,169
+<font color="white" size=".72c">William Lemelin Bilodeau</font>
+
+194
+00:34:19,960 --> 00:34:26,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're off to a clean start it is</font>
+
+195
+00:34:22,460 --> 00:34:26,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number three so he a into the early lead</font>
+
+196
+00:34:29,139 --> 00:34:33,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yamada now moving up into second place</font>
+
+197
+00:34:33,639 --> 00:34:38,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brendon Yamada the lone Alberta skater</font>
+
+198
+00:34:36,110 --> 00:34:42,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this group three skaters from Quebec</font>
+
+199
+00:34:38,290 --> 00:34:45,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yamada now out into the lead still six</font>
+
+200
+00:34:42,500 --> 00:34:45,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a half laps to go</font>
+
+201
+00:34:47,139 --> 00:34:52,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's a small lifetime in speed skating</font>
+
+202
+00:34:49,790 --> 00:34:54,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years five and a half laps now Brendon</font>
+
+203
+00:34:52,699 --> 00:35:02,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yamada is still leading number two</font>
+
+204
+00:34:54,980 --> 00:35:04,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Manuel filardo in second now around the</font>
+
+205
+00:35:02,540 --> 00:35:07,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outside it's number four let me let</font>
+
+206
+00:35:04,610 --> 00:35:09,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Billy go all the way into the lead</font>
+
+207
+00:35:07,030 --> 00:35:20,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Feller dough follows him in a second</font>
+
+208
+00:35:09,590 --> 00:35:23,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place your mana back into third now</font>
+
+209
+00:35:20,390 --> 00:35:24,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fellow toe into the lead coming around</font>
+
+210
+00:35:23,210 --> 00:35:28,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with two laps remaining</font>
+
+211
+00:35:24,860 --> 00:35:28,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brendan Yamada in the second place</font>
+
+212
+00:35:30,580 --> 00:35:35,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Manuel fellow doll from Quebec holding</font>
+
+213
+00:35:33,410 --> 00:35:42,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on to first place Brendan Yamato trying</font>
+
+214
+00:35:35,300 --> 00:35:44,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to catch them last lap and at the line</font>
+
+215
+00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is going to be fellow no first Yamada</font>
+
+216
+00:35:44,540 --> 00:35:49,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">second and number three William Lee</font>
+
+217
+00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:49,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sohee a</font>
+
+218
+00:35:56,049 --> 00:35:58,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+219
+00:36:13,550 --> 00:36:18,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ladies and gentlemen this concludes our</font>
+
+220
+00:36:16,290 --> 00:36:21,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">racing program for this competition</font>
+
+221
+00:36:18,530 --> 00:36:24,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank you very much if you stay around</font>
+
+222
+00:36:21,450 --> 00:36:28,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we will be presenting the winners of the</font>
+
+223
+00:36:24,359 --> 00:36:28,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thousand meters in just a moment</font>
+
+224
+00:37:14,300 --> 00:37:20,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">once again thank you very much to all of</font>
+
+225
+00:37:16,950 --> 00:37:25,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our referees other officials volunteers</font>
+
+226
+00:37:20,210 --> 00:37:28,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">track stewards parents etc for making</font>
+
+227
+00:37:25,470 --> 00:37:29,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this event happen thank you also to win</font>
+
+228
+00:37:28,050 --> 00:37:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sport for allowing us to move from the</font>
+
+229
+00:37:29,850 --> 00:37:39,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Olympic Oval on the last second notice</font>
+
+230
+00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:40,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and called the competition here we're</font>
+
+231
+00:37:39,300 --> 00:37:45,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just waiting now for our ladies to be</font>
+
+232
+00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:45,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ready to present them onto the ice</font>
+

subtitle/20gUIdXGuAs.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1260 @@
+1
+00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:06,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you're watching the context it's time</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,560 --> 00:00:08,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for our new weekly segment AI</font>
+
+3
+00:00:06,260 --> 00:00:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:08,519 --> 00:00:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decoded welcome to AI decoded that time</font>
+
+5
+00:00:11,679 --> 00:00:15,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the week when we look in depth at</font>
+
+6
+00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some of the most eye-catching stories in</font>
+
+7
+00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:21,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world of artificial intelligence and</font>
+
+8
+00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we begin New York Times who report</font>
+
+9
+00:00:21,039 --> 00:00:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Google has been fined $271 Million by</font>
+
+10
+00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:29,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">France's competition Watchdog for</font>
+
+11
+00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:31,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">failing to broker agreements with media</font>
+
+12
+00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:35,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outlets for using their content to train</font>
+
+13
+00:00:31,519 --> 00:00:38,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its AI Tech which leads us to a possible</font>
+
+14
+00:00:35,079 --> 00:00:40,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">solution after leading AI developer open</font>
+
+15
+00:00:38,079 --> 00:00:43,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">AI told the UK Parliament it's</font>
+
+16
+00:00:40,079 --> 00:00:46,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">impossible to train leading AI models</font>
+
+17
+00:00:43,239 --> 00:00:48,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without using uh copyrighted materials a</font>
+
+18
+00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group of researchers says there is an</font>
+
+19
+00:00:48,079 --> 00:00:52,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alternative after releasing what's</font>
+
+20
+00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:54,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thought to be the largest AI training</font>
+
+21
+00:00:52,359 --> 00:00:57,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">data set composed entirely of text</font>
+
+22
+00:00:54,640 --> 00:01:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's in the public domain not under</font>
+
+23
+00:00:57,879 --> 00:01:02,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">copyright AP News looks at the UN</font>
+
+24
+00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:05,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general assembly vote on what would be</font>
+
+25
+00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first United Nations resolution on</font>
+
+26
+00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:08,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artificial</font>
+
+27
+00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:10,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intelligence and The Verge Tech website</font>
+
+28
+00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:12,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has a video of one of their journalists</font>
+
+29
+00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:16,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">having a real-time conversation with an</font>
+
+30
+00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:17,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">AI Avatar who responds to human speech</font>
+
+31
+00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">currently it's an experimental program</font>
+
+32
+00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developed by video game developer</font>
+
+33
+00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:24,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ubisoft and we'll show you a clip of</font>
+
+34
+00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that a little later actually in the Ft</font>
+
+35
+00:01:24,479 --> 00:01:29,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an Uber Eats delivery worker who after</font>
+
+36
+00:01:27,240 --> 00:01:31,158
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becoming fed up with the company's app</font>
+
+37
+00:01:29,119 --> 00:01:33,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consistently made making errors decided</font>
+
+38
+00:01:31,158 --> 00:01:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to rewrite the code to fix the issues we</font>
+
+39
+00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have the author of that article with us</font>
+
+40
+00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:41,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and she'll tell us a bit more and AFP</font>
+
+41
+00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:43,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">news features novelist salmon rushy who</font>
+
+42
+00:01:41,079 --> 00:01:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">says artificial intelligence tools may</font>
+
+43
+00:01:43,399 --> 00:01:47,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pose a threat to writers of Thrillers</font>
+
+44
+00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:50,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and science fiction but they lack the</font>
+
+45
+00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:53,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">originality and humor to challenge</font>
+
+46
+00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:55,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">serious novelists and another artist</font>
+
+47
+00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:58,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">musician James Blunt says he felt</font>
+
+48
+00:01:55,920 --> 00:02:00,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">humiliated at how bad the results were</font>
+
+49
+00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:04,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when he experimented with AI to see if</font>
+
+50
+00:02:00,439 --> 00:02:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it could create lyrics accurately in his</font>
+
+51
+00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">style well with me here is mad murgia</font>
+
+52
+00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:12,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the financial times's artificial</font>
+
+53
+00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intelligence editor thanks very much for</font>
+
+54
+00:02:12,599 --> 00:02:16,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">coming on the program thanks for having</font>
+
+55
+00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:18,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me right lots to get through quite a</font>
+
+56
+00:02:16,519 --> 00:02:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">busy week I think we can probably almost</font>
+
+57
+00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:22,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">say that every week now let's uh let's</font>
+
+58
+00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:26,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">start with the New York Times France</font>
+
+59
+00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:28,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">finds Google amid AI dispute with news</font>
+
+60
+00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:30,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">media so this is a kind of broad issue</font>
+
+61
+00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we're going to come up against</font>
+
+62
+00:02:30,640 --> 00:02:34,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite a lot and already have but a</font>
+
+63
+00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:37,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seemingly significant moment what's</font>
+
+64
+00:02:34,920 --> 00:02:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened here yeah so this is you know</font>
+
+65
+00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:40,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's been as you say a long running</font>
+
+66
+00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:42,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dispute between Google and news</font>
+
+67
+00:02:40,319 --> 00:02:45,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">organizations about how Google has been</font>
+
+68
+00:02:42,640 --> 00:02:48,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">using links uh news media newspaper</font>
+
+69
+00:02:45,640 --> 00:02:50,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">articles and so on this particular fine</font>
+
+70
+00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:54,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um they've said that they've failed to</font>
+
+71
+00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:56,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">negotiate Fair deals um and have used</font>
+
+72
+00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">data from newspapers to train their</font>
+
+73
+00:02:56,040 --> 00:03:00,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">large language models the chat Bots that</font>
+
+74
+00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">many of us have been using so this is</font>
+
+75
+00:03:00,519 --> 00:03:04,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">part of a wider ruling that they've made</font>
+
+76
+00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and said Google hasn't negotiated in</font>
+
+77
+00:03:04,519 --> 00:03:09,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good faith and and saying it's failing</font>
+
+78
+00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to inform Publishers of the use of their</font>
+
+79
+00:03:09,519 --> 00:03:15,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">content for their</font>
+
+80
+00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:19,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">software isn't that something that we're</font>
+
+81
+00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:22,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of all the big AI kind of companies</font>
+
+82
+00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:24,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all in the same boat here is everything</font>
+
+83
+00:03:22,159 --> 00:03:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of trained the same way absolutely</font>
+
+84
+00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:30,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's not just Google open AI too um you</font>
+
+85
+00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know they are uh funded by Microsoft</font>
+
+86
+00:03:30,159 --> 00:03:34,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">primarily they also that they have one</font>
+
+87
+00:03:32,159 --> 00:03:36,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the most powerful models which um</font>
+
+88
+00:03:34,439 --> 00:03:38,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Powers chat GPT which people might have</font>
+
+89
+00:03:36,599 --> 00:03:41,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">played around with that too is a large</font>
+
+90
+00:03:38,959 --> 00:03:43,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">language model trained on a huge Corpus</font>
+
+91
+00:03:41,319 --> 00:03:46,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of data found online New York Times</font>
+
+92
+00:03:43,760 --> 00:03:48,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">itself actually has sued open AI um and</font>
+
+93
+00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is currently in in this court case with</font>
+
+94
+00:03:48,879 --> 00:03:53,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">them saying that they've illegally used</font>
+
+95
+00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their copyrighted material and and</font>
+
+96
+00:03:53,239 --> 00:03:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's kind of another ongoing battle on</font>
+
+97
+00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:58,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another front interesting and so we're</font>
+
+98
+00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:01,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going to stick with exactly this theme</font>
+
+99
+00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:04,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they are now clay this is uh</font>
+
+100
+00:04:01,239 --> 00:04:08,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wired here's proof you can train an AI</font>
+
+101
+00:04:04,760 --> 00:04:11,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">model without slurping copyrighted</font>
+
+102
+00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:13,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">content um not often you get slurping in</font>
+
+103
+00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:15,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a headline but I like it uh so what's</font>
+
+104
+00:04:13,599 --> 00:04:17,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this story about so this is kind of look</font>
+
+105
+00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:20,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is the other side of the coin right</font>
+
+106
+00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:22,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because the leaders of these companies</font>
+
+107
+00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:23,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you know open AI in particular has said</font>
+
+108
+00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's no other way to build these</font>
+
+109
+00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:28,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">models if we want really powerful</font>
+
+110
+00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">language models if we want chatbots we</font>
+
+111
+00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:33,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">need to use the the words on the</font>
+
+112
+00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:35,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">internet we need this data um but the</font>
+
+113
+00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:37,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the research that's come out of here um</font>
+
+114
+00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:38,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a group of researchers backed by</font>
+
+115
+00:04:37,039 --> 00:04:40,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the French government they've shown that</font>
+
+116
+00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:43,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actually there are other ways there are</font>
+
+117
+00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:45,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alternatives um you can make data sets</font>
+
+118
+00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:48,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that power maybe smaller models but for</font>
+
+119
+00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:50,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">specific use cases um an example they</font>
+
+120
+00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">give here is for for a law firm for</font>
+
+121
+00:04:50,199 --> 00:04:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">example so if you're trying to build a</font>
+
+122
+00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:55,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">language model specifically to help with</font>
+
+123
+00:04:53,440 --> 00:04:57,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lawyers and the work that they do and</font>
+
+124
+00:04:55,720 --> 00:04:59,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this could be true in scientific</font>
+
+125
+00:04:57,199 --> 00:05:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">research or any sort of vertical that</font>
+
+126
+00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:04,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that want to apply it to you can you can</font>
+
+127
+00:05:01,840 --> 00:05:07,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use you know less data and it can be</font>
+
+128
+00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:09,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paid for interesting so that's one</font>
+
+129
+00:05:07,280 --> 00:05:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">potential solution but again on those</font>
+
+130
+00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:14,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">narrow use cases or narrower use cases</font>
+
+131
+00:05:12,880 --> 00:05:18,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it says in here that yeah the</font>
+
+132
+00:05:14,759 --> 00:05:20,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">data set is Tiny compared to what lots</font>
+
+133
+00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the other language models were kind</font>
+
+134
+00:05:20,639 --> 00:05:25,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of based on so surely there must be some</font>
+
+135
+00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of difference in quality of outcome</font>
+
+136
+00:05:25,199 --> 00:05:29,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or may Maybe not maybe you don't you</font>
+
+137
+00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't need that you know obviously the</font>
+
+138
+00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">internet the entire swell of information</font>
+
+139
+00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:36,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we all put out there from Reddit</font>
+
+140
+00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:38,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">post to you know Amazon comments and</font>
+
+141
+00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reviews um but there's also a lot of</font>
+
+142
+00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:42,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">noise in that data right there's there's</font>
+
+143
+00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:44,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a lot of rubbish on the internet as as</font>
+
+144
+00:05:42,199 --> 00:05:46,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everyone can attest to so it's not</font>
+
+145
+00:05:44,039 --> 00:05:48,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">necessarily clean good quality data so</font>
+
+146
+00:05:46,759 --> 00:05:50,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there is there is still a it's an open</font>
+
+147
+00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:53,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">question of whether it's quantity or</font>
+
+148
+00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quality um and I think that there is an</font>
+
+149
+00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">argument to be made for good quality</font>
+
+150
+00:05:55,280 --> 00:06:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">data interesting right let's move on to</font>
+
+151
+00:05:58,520 --> 00:06:04,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a bit of high level regulation now</font>
+
+152
+00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:06,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it's hugely important there are</font>
+
+153
+00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as we've been witnessing over the last</font>
+
+154
+00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:11,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of six months especially these big</font>
+
+155
+00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:15,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attempts uh at regulation the United</font>
+
+156
+00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:18,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nations now hoping to get in on the ACT</font>
+
+157
+00:06:15,599 --> 00:06:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what's going on there so today the</font>
+
+158
+00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:22,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general assembly is set to vote um on</font>
+
+159
+00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:25,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what's going to be the first United</font>
+
+160
+00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nations resolution on artificial</font>
+
+161
+00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:29,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intelligence um the goal they're hoping</font>
+
+162
+00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:31,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that it will be unanimous and the the</font>
+
+163
+00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:33,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goal really is to bridge inequities</font>
+
+164
+00:06:31,199 --> 00:06:35,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between um you know the developed</font>
+
+165
+00:06:33,159 --> 00:06:37,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Western World and uh countries in the in</font>
+
+166
+00:06:35,759 --> 00:06:39,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the global South developing world and</font>
+
+167
+00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make sure that those countries have a</font>
+
+168
+00:06:39,479 --> 00:06:42,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seat at the table when it comes to</font>
+
+169
+00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:45,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developing the Technologies and it isn't</font>
+
+170
+00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:47,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just places like the United States where</font>
+
+171
+00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these companies are based that you know</font>
+
+172
+00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:51,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see all the upside of the technology</font>
+
+173
+00:06:50,159 --> 00:06:54,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting yeah because we're picking</font>
+
+174
+00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:57,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up these these quotes from AP here and</font>
+
+175
+00:06:54,639 --> 00:07:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're saying they want to make it safe</font>
+
+176
+00:06:57,159 --> 00:07:02,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">secure trustworthy of those broad</font>
+
+177
+00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">principles that I think most people</font>
+
+178
+00:07:02,240 --> 00:07:05,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would kind of ascribe to but really</font>
+
+179
+00:07:04,319 --> 00:07:08,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting picking up on exactly what</font>
+
+180
+00:07:05,960 --> 00:07:11,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you were talking about there it's it's</font>
+
+181
+00:07:08,639 --> 00:07:14,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Distributing the potential benefits not</font>
+
+182
+00:07:11,479 --> 00:07:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just having a few companies in a few</font>
+
+183
+00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:19,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">countries and therefore the populations</font>
+
+184
+00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and people of those uh countries</font>
+
+185
+00:07:19,919 --> 00:07:26,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">benefiting but making sure it's across</font>
+
+186
+00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world uh that's a laudable aim I'm</font>
+
+187
+00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:30,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sure but uh probably easier said than</font>
+
+188
+00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">done or absolutely I mean this is</font>
+
+189
+00:07:30,879 --> 00:07:34,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're supposed to they're doing this</font>
+
+190
+00:07:32,159 --> 00:07:37,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so that they can help AI kind of achieve</font>
+
+191
+00:07:34,639 --> 00:07:39,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the UN development goals for 2030 which</font>
+
+192
+00:07:37,639 --> 00:07:40,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're far behind on so they're hoping</font>
+
+193
+00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this can address questions you know</font>
+
+194
+00:07:40,759 --> 00:07:45,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inequities in health care education and</font>
+
+195
+00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:47,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so on but these are big problems and I'm</font>
+
+196
+00:07:45,479 --> 00:07:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not sure AI is the Magic Bullet to all</font>
+
+197
+00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:51,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of it but it's a step it's a step uh</font>
+
+198
+00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah some of the examples detecting</font>
+
+199
+00:07:51,319 --> 00:07:55,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">diseases predicting floods helping</font>
+
+200
+00:07:53,479 --> 00:07:57,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Farmers training the next generation of</font>
+
+201
+00:07:55,639 --> 00:08:01,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">workers that's what they want to make</font>
+
+202
+00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sure is equally spread across the globe</font>
+
+203
+00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:05,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right next story um before we talk about</font>
+
+204
+00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:07,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it we're going to actually see it</font>
+
+205
+00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:10,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we're going to take uh a moment</font>
+
+206
+00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to watch this example of a real-time</font>
+
+207
+00:08:10,199 --> 00:08:15,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conversation with an AI Avatar this is</font>
+
+208
+00:08:13,199 --> 00:08:17,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not yet released it's a creative</font>
+
+209
+00:08:15,479 --> 00:08:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experiment by video game developer</font>
+
+210
+00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:23,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ubisoft that suggests the company has</font>
+
+211
+00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:26,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">made small breakthroughs in AI realtime</font>
+
+212
+00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:28,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">emotion and animation contextual</font>
+
+213
+00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:31,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">awareness and collaborative</font>
+
+214
+00:08:28,759 --> 00:08:35,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decision-making let's take a</font>
+
+215
+00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:35,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look tell me one word why I should</font>
+
+216
+00:08:38,279 --> 00:08:42,838
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stay</font>
+
+217
+00:08:39,959 --> 00:08:45,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passion you can feel it can't you all</font>
+
+218
+00:08:42,838 --> 00:08:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right that burning desire to make a</font>
+
+219
+00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:50,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">difference to fight for what's</font>
+
+220
+00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:51,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right that's what drives us and that's</font>
+
+221
+00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what will keep you going through the</font>
+
+222
+00:08:51,519 --> 00:08:55,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tough times and trust</font>
+
+223
+00:08:53,440 --> 00:09:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me there will be tough</font>
+
+224
+00:08:55,800 --> 00:09:03,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">times but together we can overcome them</font>
+
+225
+00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have too much to lose I have a family</font>
+
+226
+00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:08,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two</font>
+
+227
+00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:08,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">daughters really should I be doing</font>
+
+228
+00:09:10,519 --> 00:09:15,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this family is everything</font>
+
+229
+00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:19,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nelson and that's why we're fighting to</font>
+
+230
+00:09:15,959 --> 00:09:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">create a better world for our loved ones</font>
+
+231
+00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:24,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can't continue living in fear and</font>
+
+232
+00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oppression it's a risk but it's a risk</font>
+
+233
+00:09:24,399 --> 00:09:29,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">worth taking for a brighter</font>
+
+234
+00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:31,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">future and don't worry we'll have each</font>
+
+235
+00:09:29,519 --> 00:09:31,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other's</font>
+
+236
+00:09:32,240 --> 00:09:36,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">backs have you lost anybody close to</font>
+
+237
+00:09:39,680 --> 00:09:43,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+238
+00:09:41,279 --> 00:09:46,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes I've lost</font>
+
+239
+00:09:43,279 --> 00:09:48,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">many my son my friends my</font>
+
+240
+00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:51,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">home but every loss only fuels my</font>
+
+241
+00:09:48,839 --> 00:09:53,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">determination to keep</font>
+
+242
+00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going and through the resistance I found</font>
+
+243
+00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:57,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a new</font>
+
+244
+00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">family together we can make a difference</font>
+
+245
+00:09:57,399 --> 00:10:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and prevent others from experiencing ing</font>
+
+246
+00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:05,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the same pain right slightly strange to</font>
+
+247
+00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:07,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch that what was going on so that is</font>
+
+248
+00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an avatar powered by Ai and what's</font>
+
+249
+00:10:07,560 --> 00:10:12,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unique about it is it's not scripted so</font>
+
+250
+00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:14,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's just responding to you in real time</font>
+
+251
+00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:16,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conversation that's what's kind of new</font>
+
+252
+00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:18,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about this and a bit stunted but you can</font>
+
+253
+00:10:16,399 --> 00:10:20,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see the kind of potential there for for</font>
+
+254
+00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:22,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the next generation of games it's quite</font>
+
+255
+00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:23,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">haunting wasn't it watching it which I</font>
+
+256
+00:10:22,399 --> 00:10:25,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suppose is part of the desired effect</font>
+
+257
+00:10:23,880 --> 00:10:28,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but if that is basically still in the</font>
+
+258
+00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:29,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of concept phase that seems I don't</font>
+
+259
+00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:32,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know pretty impressive to me even if it</font>
+
+260
+00:10:29,839 --> 00:10:34,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is just a kind of fancy chat bot at the</font>
+
+261
+00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">moment it's still deeply impressive</font>
+
+262
+00:10:34,519 --> 00:10:40,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right let's move on to your story ft the</font>
+
+263
+00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:43,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">delivery Rider who took on his faceless</font>
+
+264
+00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">boss is the headline what's this so This</font>
+
+265
+00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is actually from my book which is which</font>
+
+266
+00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:49,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">came out today which is exciting but</font>
+
+267
+00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is about um it's called code</font>
+
+268
+00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:52,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dependent and it's about human beings</font>
+
+269
+00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:55,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who've been impacted by AI systems</font>
+
+270
+00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:57,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unexpectedly and Armin Sami who's the</font>
+
+271
+00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Uber Eats driver in this story found</font>
+
+272
+00:10:57,120 --> 00:11:01,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that he was being underpaid consistently</font>
+
+273
+00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:02,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or in one case and he wanted to figure</font>
+
+274
+00:11:01,279 --> 00:11:04,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out was this a problem that occurred</font>
+
+275
+00:11:02,920 --> 00:11:07,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again and again and because the</font>
+
+276
+00:11:04,519 --> 00:11:09,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">algorithms that kind of govern work on</font>
+
+277
+00:11:07,040 --> 00:11:11,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gig apps are so opaque you know people</font>
+
+278
+00:11:09,959 --> 00:11:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the people who work for these apps have</font>
+
+279
+00:11:11,519 --> 00:11:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no idea why they're being paid what</font>
+
+280
+00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're being paid he had to hack it he</font>
+
+281
+00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:19,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">essentially built a tool that could</font>
+
+282
+00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">figure out how far he was traveling and</font>
+
+283
+00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:23,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore how much he should have been</font>
+
+284
+00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paid he then made this free for other</font>
+
+285
+00:11:23,079 --> 00:11:27,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rubber drivers to use and they've all</font>
+
+286
+00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:28,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been using it around the world to figure</font>
+
+287
+00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:30,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out you know whether they've been</font>
+
+288
+00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:33,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">underpaid which had that is an</font>
+
+289
+00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:35,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">absolutely incredible story I wish we</font>
+
+290
+00:11:33,399 --> 00:11:37,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had more time for it unfortunately we</font>
+
+291
+00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't last issue we've got to move on</font>
+
+292
+00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:43,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we are unfortunately nearly out</font>
+
+293
+00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of time Salon rushy AI only poses a</font>
+
+294
+00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:49,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">threat to unoriginal writers and also we</font>
+
+295
+00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:52,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can look at at the same time James Blunt</font>
+
+296
+00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:55,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">humiliated by generic AI versions of his</font>
+
+297
+00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:57,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lyrics these are artists what's going on</font>
+
+298
+00:11:55,279 --> 00:11:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here so this is really about creativity</font>
+
+299
+00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:02,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and whether artificial intelligence can</font>
+
+300
+00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:05,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ever be creative right whether that's</font>
+
+301
+00:12:02,120 --> 00:12:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artists you know voice over actors uh</font>
+
+302
+00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">writers journalists like ask you know</font>
+
+303
+00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:12,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can we be replaced by Ai and so far the</font>
+
+304
+00:12:10,920 --> 00:12:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">answer seems to be no it's it's pretty</font>
+
+305
+00:12:12,959 --> 00:12:18,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generic James Blunt actually finds it</font>
+
+306
+00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:20,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you know humiliating as he says nothing</font>
+
+307
+00:12:18,079 --> 00:12:23,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like his real lyrics um so I don't think</font>
+
+308
+00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's there yet um if to rep coming to</font>
+
+309
+00:12:23,199 --> 00:12:26,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">replace us well so yeah you didn't have</font>
+
+310
+00:12:24,680 --> 00:12:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to bring journalists into it at the end</font>
+
+311
+00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:30,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no one was talking about them until you</font>
+
+312
+00:12:27,920 --> 00:12:31,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brought it in right alter time thank you</font>
+
+313
+00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:34,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so much for coming in and talking us</font>
+
+314
+00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:38,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through the brilliant stuff that's it</font>
+
+315
+00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:38,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we'll do this again same time next week</font>
+

subtitle/39HTpUG1MwQ.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+1
+00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:15,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our body is made up of trillions of cells. They 
+all require energy to function. This energy is  </font>
+
+2
+00:00:15,190 --> 00:00:21,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">created within ourselves, in the mitochondria. 
+Here, food is converted into chemical energy  </font>
+
+3
+00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:31,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called ATP. ATP is released by the mitochondria, 
+so cells can use it. Mitochondria consists of two  </font>
+
+4
+00:00:31,870 --> 00:00:38,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">membranes, an outer membrane separating it from 
+the cytosol, and an inner membrane surrounding  </font>
+
+5
+00:00:38,740 --> 00:00:48,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the so called matrix. The area between these 
+membranes is called the inter membrane space. ATP  </font>
+
+6
+00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:54,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is generated at the inner membrane of mitochondria 
+by an efficient mechanism called oxidative  </font>
+
+7
+00:00:54,460 --> 00:01:05,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">phosphorylation, involving several membrane 
+protein complexes. Nutrients provide high-energy  </font>
+
+8
+00:01:05,590 --> 00:01:12,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electrons in the form of NADH, which are used by 
+the protein complexes to pump protons from the  </font>
+
+9
+00:01:12,490 --> 00:01:20,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matrix to the intermembrane space. This continuous 
+pumping, creates a proton gradient, where the  </font>
+
+10
+00:01:20,890 --> 00:01:29,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">positively charged protons are attracted to the 
+more negative matrix. When the protons re-enter  </font>
+
+11
+00:01:29,170 --> 00:01:34,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the matrix through the ATP synthase protein 
+complex, they catalyze the production of ATP.</font>
+

subtitle/44G3dPME330.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+1
+00:00:04,220 --> 00:00:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's it there's the house I found</font>
+
+2
+00:00:06,839 --> 00:00:12,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">America's top models are you sure look</font>
+
+3
+00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:14,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the roof Anais and Giselle are</font>
+
+4
+00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:16,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sunbathing</font>
+
+5
+00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:19,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">European style</font>
+
+6
+00:00:16,699 --> 00:00:21,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can recognize people on Google Earth</font>
+
+7
+00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:24,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of course not I got a buddy of mine at</font>
+
+8
+00:00:21,180 --> 00:00:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">NORAD to have a spy drone flyover</font>
+
+9
+00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:29,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">NORAD you're using military aircraft it</font>
+
+10
+00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was already targeted to poke around a</font>
+
+11
+00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:35,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nuclear reactor in Siberia I took it an</font>
+
+12
+00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:35,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hour out of its way tops</font>
+
+13
+00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:40,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay where is he Sheldon I just dropped</font>
+
+14
+00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:42,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">him off at the comic book store why</font>
+
+15
+00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:45,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here try and go online</font>
+
+16
+00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">problem with the Wi-Fi I just try</font>
+
+17
+00:00:45,239 --> 00:00:50,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">greetings</font>
+
+18
+00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:52,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hell you were probably wondering why you</font>
+
+19
+00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:56,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cannot I am with your little friends</font>
+
+20
+00:00:52,559 --> 00:00:59,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about how much you heart various things</font>
+
+21
+00:00:56,059 --> 00:01:01,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well this recorded message is alerting</font>
+
+22
+00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you that I am putting an end to your</font>
+
+23
+00:01:01,079 --> 00:01:06,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">parasitic piggybacking upon our Wi-Fi if</font>
+
+24
+00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:08,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you want to remedy the situation you can</font>
+
+25
+00:01:06,540 --> 00:01:11,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contact the phone company set up your</font>
+
+26
+00:01:08,580 --> 00:01:14,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">own Wi-Fi and pay for it or you may</font>
+
+27
+00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:14,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">apologize to me</font>
+
+28
+00:01:15,860 --> 00:01:22,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well I reiterate knuckle under oh no no</font>
+
+29
+00:01:20,460 --> 00:01:24,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no no it is on I am going to introduce</font>
+
+30
+00:01:22,500 --> 00:01:26,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your friend to a world of hurt oh a</font>
+
+31
+00:01:24,539 --> 00:01:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">penny you don't want to get into it with</font>
+
+32
+00:01:26,340 --> 00:01:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sheldon the guy's one lab accident away</font>
+
+33
+00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from being a super villain</font>
+
+34
+00:01:31,619 --> 00:01:37,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't care I was in junior Rodeo like</font>
+
+35
+00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:37,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in hog time castrate him in 60 Seconds</font>
+
+36
+00:01:38,039 --> 00:01:46,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no need to neuter the nerd I can get you</font>
+
+37
+00:01:40,380 --> 00:01:46,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back online there see problem solved</font>
+
+38
+00:01:46,259 --> 00:01:53,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">voila hello puny insects</font>
+
+39
+00:01:50,899 --> 00:01:55,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as a consequence of your efforts to</font>
+
+40
+00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:59,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">circumvent my will everyone is awarded</font>
+
+41
+00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:59,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one additional strike</font>
+
+42
+00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:03,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thanks a lot Howard what are you</font>
+
+43
+00:02:02,220 --> 00:02:06,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">complaining about I'm the one who has to</font>
+
+44
+00:02:03,659 --> 00:02:06,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">take the class again</font>
+
+45
+00:02:07,140 --> 00:02:10,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hi did Sheldon change the Wi-Fi password</font>
+
+46
+00:02:09,598 --> 00:02:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again</font>
+
+47
+00:02:10,739 --> 00:02:15,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah it's Penny already eats our food</font>
+
+48
+00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:15,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she can pay for Wi-Fi</font>
+
+49
+00:02:15,959 --> 00:02:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no spaces</font>
+
+50
+00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:21,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay if you can't get me to stop eating</font>
+
+51
+00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:23,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your food what makes you think you can</font>
+
+52
+00:02:21,060 --> 00:02:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">get me to stop using your Wi-Fi now I</font>
+
+53
+00:02:23,099 --> 00:02:26,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">believe that you're capable of great</font>
+
+54
+00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:29,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">change like when I finally got you to</font>
+
+55
+00:02:26,700 --> 00:02:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stop saying Valentine's Day</font>
+
+56
+00:02:29,459 --> 00:02:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+57
+00:02:31,819 --> 00:02:40,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the year 2000 Pope John Paul II was</font>
+
+58
+00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">named an honorary Harlem Globetrotter</font>
+
+59
+00:02:41,220 --> 00:02:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what are you talking about you asked</font>
+
+60
+00:02:44,220 --> 00:02:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Penny if she wanted to hear something</font>
+
+61
+00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weird</font>
+
+62
+00:02:47,579 --> 00:02:53,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have something weird to tell her oh</font>
+
+63
+00:02:50,519 --> 00:02:53,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I thought it was a game</font>
+
+64
+00:02:53,700 --> 00:03:00,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is the Wi-Fi working for you uh hang on</font>
+
+65
+00:02:58,140 --> 00:03:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't think so I'm clicking on one</font>
+
+66
+00:03:00,239 --> 00:03:03,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weird trick for a flat belly but I'm</font>
+
+67
+00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">still seeing celebrities who look like</font>
+
+68
+00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're pets</font>
+
+69
+00:03:05,519 --> 00:03:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh</font>
+
+70
+00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:11,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I knew it Sheldon changed the password</font>
+
+71
+00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are you sure well the new network name</font>
+
+72
+00:03:11,640 --> 00:03:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is hahaha now I've got you</font>
+
+73
+00:03:17,340 --> 00:03:21,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's either Sheldon or Gargamel from The</font>
+
+74
+00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:24,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Smurfs</font>
+
+75
+00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:26,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what a jerk you're Revenge how do we get</font>
+
+76
+00:03:24,239 --> 00:03:28,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">them back well my go-to move is usually</font>
+
+77
+00:03:26,700 --> 00:03:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sleep with the person's boyfriend but I</font>
+
+78
+00:03:28,980 --> 00:03:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kind of feel like I'm already doing that</font>
+
+79
+00:03:37,879 --> 00:03:43,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shout it in I know what you did now</font>
+
+80
+00:03:40,019 --> 00:03:43,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">change the password back</font>
+
+81
+00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:49,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well powder me and sugar and call me a</font>
+
+82
+00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:49,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">donut if it's a Leonard hofstad</font>
+
+83
+00:03:50,519 --> 00:03:54,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">warning you I can play this game too if</font>
+
+84
+00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:58,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's like your 3D chess game and you're</font>
+
+85
+00:03:54,900 --> 00:04:01,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of your length width and depth</font>
+
+86
+00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:03,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Amy get the Neosporin somebody just got</font>
+
+87
+00:04:01,260 --> 00:04:03,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">burned</font>
+
+88
+00:04:05,459 --> 00:04:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I tried</font>
+
+89
+00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:11,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right I tried that should be the</font>
+
+90
+00:04:09,120 --> 00:04:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">title of your autobiography</font>
+
+91
+00:04:11,900 --> 00:04:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh a second degree burn</font>
+
+92
+00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:22,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've got the Neosporin who got hurt</font>
+
+93
+00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:22,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a good thing you're cute</font>
+
+94
+00:04:24,290 --> 00:04:29,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+95
+00:04:26,900 --> 00:04:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I found another tweet from a student at</font>
+
+96
+00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sheldon's lecture Dr Cooper has taken a</font>
+
+97
+00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:36,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relatively boring subject and managed to</font>
+
+98
+00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:40,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make it completely insufferable</font>
+
+99
+00:04:36,780 --> 00:04:43,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plus he looks like a giant insect</font>
+
+100
+00:04:40,620 --> 00:04:45,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">listen this one does Einstein's theory</font>
+
+101
+00:04:43,020 --> 00:04:47,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explain why time flies when you're</font>
+
+102
+00:04:45,180 --> 00:04:50,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">having fun but when you're listening to</font>
+
+103
+00:04:47,340 --> 00:04:52,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dr Cooper it falls out of the sky bin</font>
+
+104
+00:04:50,840 --> 00:04:55,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">somebody took pictures and uploaded them</font>
+
+105
+00:04:52,979 --> 00:04:58,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to their Flickr account</font>
+
+106
+00:04:55,400 --> 00:05:01,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wow how do you get an entire lecture</font>
+
+107
+00:04:58,259 --> 00:05:02,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hall to flip you off at the same time</font>
+
+108
+00:05:01,020 --> 00:05:05,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">apparently for Sheldon all you need to</font>
+
+109
+00:05:02,940 --> 00:05:05,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do is turn your back</font>
+
+110
+00:05:05,880 --> 00:05:09,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey Leonard is your Wi-Fi down I can't</font>
+
+111
+00:05:07,740 --> 00:05:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">get on oh Sheldon change the password</font>
+
+112
+00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's not penny is a freeloader</font>
+
+113
+00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no spaces</font>
+
+114
+00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:20,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sheldon gave a lecture at the University</font>
+
+115
+00:05:17,940 --> 00:05:21,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tonight we're reading the reviews oh how</font>
+
+116
+00:05:20,460 --> 00:05:23,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do you do well a picture of the</font>
+
+117
+00:05:21,900 --> 00:05:27,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hindenburg meets Chernobyl meets Three</font>
+
+118
+00:05:23,639 --> 00:05:27,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mile Island meets Tron too</font>
+
+119
+00:05:27,840 --> 00:05:30,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">done dinner</font>
+
+120
+00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:41,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what is this</font>
+
+121
+00:05:38,940 --> 00:05:44,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is the difference between eating</font>
+
+122
+00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:44,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and dining</font>
+
+123
+00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:50,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">remarkable</font>
+
+124
+00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:54,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm just realizing how much Leonard's</font>
+
+125
+00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:54,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been skating by all these years</font>
+
+126
+00:05:54,720 --> 00:06:00,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's not a big thing just think of me as</font>
+
+127
+00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:00,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a brown Mata Stewart</font>
+
+128
+00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:05,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey Sheldon did you change your Wi-Fi</font>
+
+129
+00:06:03,300 --> 00:06:09,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">password again yes it's Penny get your</font>
+
+130
+00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:12,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">own Wi-Fi no spaces thanks</font>
+
+131
+00:06:09,479 --> 00:06:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wow it's with the fancy spread my new</font>
+
+132
+00:06:12,660 --> 00:06:17,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roommate is bending over backwards to</font>
+
+133
+00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:19,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ingratiate himself to me a nice touch by</font>
+
+134
+00:06:17,639 --> 00:06:21,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the way</font>
+
+135
+00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:23,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what do you mean new roommate what</font>
+
+136
+00:06:21,900 --> 00:06:25,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened to Leonard same thing that</font>
+
+137
+00:06:23,280 --> 00:06:28,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened to Homo erectus he was replaced</font>
+
+138
+00:06:25,500 --> 00:06:32,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by a superior species</font>
+
+139
+00:06:28,620 --> 00:06:32,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm the new homo in town</font>
+
+140
+00:06:34,199 --> 00:06:38,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you put a little picture of me and a</font>
+
+141
+00:06:36,539 --> 00:06:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">little picture of Sheldon in it</font>
+
+142
+00:06:38,759 --> 00:06:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank you</font>
+
+143
+00:06:43,860 --> 00:06:47,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the locket</font>
+
+144
+00:06:46,020 --> 00:06:53,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes</font>
+
+145
+00:06:47,819 --> 00:06:53,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that was in a lost and found box exactly</font>
+
+146
+00:06:53,580 --> 00:06:58,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where we hit it</font>
+
+147
+00:06:56,159 --> 00:07:00,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is it really you gave us three amazing</font>
+
+148
+00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:02,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gifts if the locket the adventure and</font>
+
+149
+00:07:00,479 --> 00:07:06,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the realization that Amy and I can do</font>
+
+150
+00:07:02,819 --> 00:07:09,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anything as long as we work together</font>
+
+151
+00:07:06,060 --> 00:07:09,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we wrote you a special thank you note</font>
+
+152
+00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:14,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are those words</font>
+
+153
+00:07:15,479 --> 00:07:19,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no</font>
+
+154
+00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:22,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no it's a secret code that you two get</font>
+
+155
+00:07:19,979 --> 00:07:22,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to figure out together</font>
+
+156
+00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:30,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hint it's based on Sanskrit but not the</font>
+
+157
+00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:30,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sanskrit you're thinking of</font>
+
+158
+00:07:30,599 --> 00:07:35,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and best of all you can't use the</font>
+
+159
+00:07:32,880 --> 00:07:36,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">internet to cheat because we locked you</font>
+
+160
+00:07:35,159 --> 00:07:39,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of your Wi-Fi and the answer to this</font>
+
+161
+00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:39,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is your new password</font>
+
+162
+00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:48,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm no longer happy</font>
+
+163
+00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:49,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sounds like you're gonna need a cheaper</font>
+
+164
+00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:50,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place to live</font>
+
+165
+00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:53,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh dear you didn't have a lot of money</font>
+
+166
+00:07:50,940 --> 00:07:55,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how'd you get by well sometimes you can</font>
+
+167
+00:07:53,639 --> 00:07:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">get free food and Wi-Fi from The</font>
+
+168
+00:07:55,380 --> 00:07:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Neighbors</font>
+
+169
+00:07:58,139 --> 00:08:02,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just know you might have to marry one of</font>
+
+170
+00:08:00,479 --> 00:08:02,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">them</font>
+

subtitle/5LU_XY0z2ZY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2856 @@
+1
+00:00:08,050 --> 00:00:11,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:08,610 --> 00:00:11,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+3
+00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:17,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hello everyone I'm Dr David pearlmutter</font>
+
+4
+00:00:14,639 --> 00:00:19,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we live in a world that really wants to</font>
+
+5
+00:00:17,279 --> 00:00:21,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">convince us that we should basically</font>
+
+6
+00:00:19,119 --> 00:00:23,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">live our lives Come What May and that</font>
+
+7
+00:00:21,439 --> 00:00:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there will be wonderful ways to pull us</font>
+
+8
+00:00:23,359 --> 00:00:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of our various types of problems</font>
+
+9
+00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:30,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we get into well as it relates to</font>
+
+10
+00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:32,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our brains that just isn't the case what</font>
+
+11
+00:00:30,199 --> 00:00:35,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">makes a good brain go bad uh ultimately</font>
+
+12
+00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:38,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turns out to be a metabolic change and</font>
+
+13
+00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:41,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we are in fact The Architects of our</font>
+
+14
+00:00:38,079 --> 00:00:44,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain's Destiny in that we absolutely</font>
+
+15
+00:00:41,399 --> 00:00:46,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">control our brain's metabolism by the</font>
+
+16
+00:00:44,719 --> 00:00:49,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lifestyle choices that we make each and</font>
+
+17
+00:00:46,360 --> 00:00:51,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every day let's explore this a bit</font>
+
+18
+00:00:49,480 --> 00:00:54,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">further I've decided to call this</font>
+
+19
+00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:56,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">presentation Mind Over metabolism</font>
+
+20
+00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we really need to get our arms</font>
+
+21
+00:00:56,359 --> 00:01:00,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around the notion that what makes a good</font>
+
+22
+00:00:58,079 --> 00:01:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain go bad and even as it relates to</font>
+
+23
+00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:05,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's disease are metabolic</font>
+
+24
+00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:08,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">changes that occur within the brain uh</font>
+
+25
+00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:10,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but how exciting it is that uh We've now</font>
+
+26
+00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seen headlines that there are</font>
+
+27
+00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breakthrough drugs momentous</font>
+
+28
+00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:17,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breakthroughs in the treatment of</font>
+
+29
+00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:21,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's we we see this uh in uh</font>
+
+30
+00:01:17,320 --> 00:01:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">November of 2022 that this new drug LMI</font>
+
+31
+00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or laab is hailed as a uh momentous</font>
+
+32
+00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:31,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breakthrough as uh per the BBC uh here</font>
+
+33
+00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:33,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the Washington Post the FDA giving</font>
+
+34
+00:01:31,079 --> 00:01:35,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pro a full approval to the first drug</font>
+
+35
+00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:37,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that clearly but modestly slows</font>
+
+36
+00:01:35,119 --> 00:01:39,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's even though when you read</font>
+
+37
+00:01:37,439 --> 00:01:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the small print uh even it's</font>
+
+38
+00:01:39,399 --> 00:01:43,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">administered every other week and it can</font>
+
+39
+00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cause brain bleeding and swelling well</font>
+
+40
+00:01:43,759 --> 00:01:48,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's not necessarily a good thing so</font>
+
+41
+00:01:46,399 --> 00:01:51,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're told this is the start of a new</font>
+
+42
+00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">era a wonderful new era in the treatment</font>
+
+43
+00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:57,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Alzheimer isn't that exciting let's</font>
+
+44
+00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:59,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look at the data and just see what all</font>
+
+45
+00:01:57,479 --> 00:02:01,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this excitement is about from the New</font>
+
+46
+00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:04,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">England Journal of Medicine this is the</font>
+
+47
+00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:07,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drug lmbi or lanam and this is their</font>
+
+48
+00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">study published in January of</font>
+
+49
+00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2023 looking at 1,800 individuals</font>
+
+50
+00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:16,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">participants half received the drug half</font>
+
+51
+00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were Placebo uh an 18-month study this</font>
+
+52
+00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:23,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a drug designed to Target beta</font>
+
+53
+00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:25,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ameloid the so-called cause of of am uh</font>
+
+54
+00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:28,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's disease this is a drug</font>
+
+55
+00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:31,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designed to Target that drug because as</font>
+
+56
+00:02:28,319 --> 00:02:34,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we all know and I'm being facius that is</font>
+
+57
+00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:38,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the cause of Alzheimer's disease when we</font>
+
+58
+00:02:34,079 --> 00:02:41,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look at the uh cognitive function During</font>
+
+59
+00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:44,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the 8mon period of time of the placebo</font>
+
+60
+00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:46,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group the group that did not receive uh</font>
+
+61
+00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the drug we see a pretty dramatic</font>
+
+62
+00:02:46,879 --> 00:02:53,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decline in 18 months but in the those</font>
+
+63
+00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:55,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">receiving this LMI or lamap drug uh what</font>
+
+64
+00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:57,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">did we see well we actually saw a very</font>
+
+65
+00:02:55,599 --> 00:03:00,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">similar decline in their cognitive</font>
+
+66
+00:02:57,720 --> 00:03:03,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">function as well when we look at at the</font>
+
+67
+00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actual graph from the study what we see</font>
+
+68
+00:03:03,040 --> 00:03:08,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is an interesting thing that again both</font>
+
+69
+00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:13,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh the placebo group and lanam ab group</font>
+
+70
+00:03:08,799 --> 00:03:15,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do Decline and uh at the 15mon point</font>
+
+71
+00:03:13,239 --> 00:03:19,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's as if both groups basically fall</font>
+
+72
+00:03:15,239 --> 00:03:21,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off a cliff with a much more dramatic uh</font>
+
+73
+00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:23,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drop in cognitive function whether</font>
+
+74
+00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:26,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're receiving this wonder drug or</font>
+
+75
+00:03:23,319 --> 00:03:29,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not between 15 and 18 months a dramatic</font>
+
+76
+00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:30,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">loss of cognitive function but be that</font>
+
+77
+00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:32,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as it may</font>
+
+78
+00:03:30,519 --> 00:03:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the the other part of the story that I</font>
+
+79
+00:03:32,920 --> 00:03:39,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just hinted to is that there are</font>
+
+80
+00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:41,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consequences of using this drug as an</font>
+
+81
+00:03:39,079 --> 00:03:43,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intervention we call these uh</font>
+
+82
+00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hemorrhages in the brain and swelling</font>
+
+83
+00:03:43,079 --> 00:03:49,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain amalo related Imaging</font>
+
+84
+00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:53,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">abnormalities or Aras and a significant</font>
+
+85
+00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase risk of these changes in the</font>
+
+86
+00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:59,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain which can be devastating uh in the</font>
+
+87
+00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:02,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group receiving the drug versus placeo</font>
+
+88
+00:03:59,879 --> 00:04:04,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is what these things look like um</font>
+
+89
+00:04:02,319 --> 00:04:07,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">swelling in the brain hemorrhaging into</font>
+
+90
+00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:10,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain far more likely in the group</font>
+
+91
+00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:12,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treated with this amalo modifying type</font>
+
+92
+00:04:10,159 --> 00:04:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of drug uh of which there are now</font>
+
+93
+00:04:12,519 --> 00:04:16,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">several the other thing that we weren't</font>
+
+94
+00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:20,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">told with all this excitement and these</font>
+
+95
+00:04:16,959 --> 00:04:23,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breakthrough announcements is that there</font>
+
+96
+00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:26,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is brain shrinkage actually associated</font>
+
+97
+00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:28,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with the use of these drugs uh another</font>
+
+98
+00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh research group looked at the MRI</font>
+
+99
+00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:33,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scans of the individuals in the studies</font>
+
+100
+00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and uh compared them and actually</font>
+
+101
+00:04:33,639 --> 00:04:39,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">determined that there was a significant</font>
+
+102
+00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:42,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">loss of brain volume caused by the anti-</font>
+
+103
+00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:44,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">amid beta drugs they actually went back</font>
+
+104
+00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:48,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and looked at the original researchers</font>
+
+105
+00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:52,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh data and images and found that in</font>
+
+106
+00:04:48,479 --> 00:04:55,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fact there was a dramatic loss of brain</font>
+
+107
+00:04:52,320 --> 00:04:58,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">volume now there are two classes of</font>
+
+108
+00:04:55,159 --> 00:04:59,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anti- ameloid drugs there are the</font>
+
+109
+00:04:58,199 --> 00:05:01,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ameloid drugs that inhibit HIIT a</font>
+
+110
+00:04:59,919 --> 00:05:04,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certain enzyme that's involved in the</font>
+
+111
+00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:06,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">production of beta amid we call these</font>
+
+112
+00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">secretase Inhibitors and there's another</font>
+
+113
+00:05:06,919 --> 00:05:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group of drugs targeting amalo that uh</font>
+
+114
+00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:15,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Target the actual amalo that's existing</font>
+
+115
+00:05:12,720 --> 00:05:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the brain by creating a group of what</font>
+
+116
+00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called monocle antibodies that Target</font>
+
+117
+00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:22,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that uh ameloid and help the brain get</font>
+
+118
+00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rid of it here are a couple of the names</font>
+
+119
+00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:28,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Adu Helm and lmbi these are really in</font>
+
+120
+00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:30,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the spotlight these days for a number of</font>
+
+121
+00:05:28,280 --> 00:05:33,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reasons we'll see why and they looked at</font>
+
+122
+00:05:30,919 --> 00:05:36,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these uh patients who were on the drugs</font>
+
+123
+00:05:33,479 --> 00:05:40,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">versus placebo and they looked at the</font>
+
+124
+00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:42,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">volumetric MRI data in various areas of</font>
+
+125
+00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:45,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain and what they discovered was</font>
+
+126
+00:05:42,759 --> 00:05:48,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in those individuals using the secretase</font>
+
+127
+00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:51,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Inhibitors there was significant loss of</font>
+
+128
+00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:53,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tissue in the brain's Memory Center</font>
+
+129
+00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:56,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called the hippocampus as well as in the</font>
+
+130
+00:05:53,319 --> 00:05:59,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">entire brain in general in those drugs</font>
+
+131
+00:05:56,520 --> 00:06:03,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that targeted the uh amalo itself using</font>
+
+132
+00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:05,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">antibody uh therapy there was a loss in</font>
+
+133
+00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:08,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh in brain mass such that the areas</font>
+
+134
+00:06:05,840 --> 00:06:12,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">within the brain called the ventricles</font>
+
+135
+00:06:08,840 --> 00:06:16,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actually increased in size and what they</font>
+
+136
+00:06:12,039 --> 00:06:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stated was that these mild cognitively</font>
+
+137
+00:06:16,039 --> 00:06:21,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">impaired participants uh treated with</font>
+
+138
+00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these anti- amid drugs were projected to</font>
+
+139
+00:06:21,599 --> 00:06:26,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have a material regression towards brain</font>
+
+140
+00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">volumes that were seen in Alzheimer's</font>
+
+141
+00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:32,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia 8 months earlier than if they</font>
+
+142
+00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were untreated so something we need to</font>
+
+143
+00:06:32,759 --> 00:06:37,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think about this was the the headline</font>
+
+144
+00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that appeared in Med page today the</font>
+
+145
+00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other thing that I think is really</font>
+
+146
+00:06:39,479 --> 00:06:43,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">important as it relates to these drugs</font>
+
+147
+00:06:41,639 --> 00:06:46,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is according to this new study appearing</font>
+
+148
+00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:49,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the well-respected peer-reviewed uh</font>
+
+149
+00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:53,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Journal neurology that when we look at</font>
+
+150
+00:06:49,759 --> 00:06:56,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who qualifies for the use of these drugs</font>
+
+151
+00:06:53,319 --> 00:06:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh based upon you know making sure we</font>
+
+152
+00:06:56,080 --> 00:07:00,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't have people with other medical</font>
+
+153
+00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:03,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">problems Etc that might be worsened uh</font>
+
+154
+00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:06,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by the use of these drugs fewer than 10%</font>
+
+155
+00:07:03,879 --> 00:07:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Alzheimer's patients in this real</font>
+
+156
+00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:12,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world real world cohort would actually</font>
+
+157
+00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:18,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">qualify for these drugs costing 60 to</font>
+
+158
+00:07:12,639 --> 00:07:22,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">80,000 a year but we do have the sudden</font>
+
+159
+00:07:18,319 --> 00:07:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh news a release of yet a third uh type</font>
+
+160
+00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:29,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of drug um called uh Gan or Rab in early</font>
+
+161
+00:07:27,960 --> 00:07:32,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assim this study just came out in the</font>
+
+162
+00:07:29,919 --> 00:07:35,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">New England Journal of of medicine again</font>
+
+163
+00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:37,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">November of 2023 a very well-respected</font>
+
+164
+00:07:35,080 --> 00:07:38,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">peerreview journal and how this drug</font>
+
+165
+00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Works</font>
+
+166
+00:07:38,759 --> 00:07:44,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">similarly is it's the creation of a</font>
+
+167
+00:07:41,840 --> 00:07:46,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">monoclonal antibod that's that</font>
+
+168
+00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:49,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three-winged purple uh image in the</font>
+
+169
+00:07:46,599 --> 00:07:53,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">middle of the screen that then targets</font>
+
+170
+00:07:49,319 --> 00:07:56,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is directed against the existing ameloid</font>
+
+171
+00:07:53,479 --> 00:07:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the brain with the notion that this</font>
+
+172
+00:07:56,319 --> 00:08:01,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is going to Target that amalo and rid</font>
+
+173
+00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:04,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain of of amloid because again</font>
+
+174
+00:08:01,599 --> 00:08:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is thought to be the cause if you</font>
+
+175
+00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:09,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will of Alzheimer's disease again looked</font>
+
+176
+00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:12,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at about a thousand each of treated and</font>
+
+177
+00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:15,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">untreated patients average age 72 years</font>
+
+178
+00:08:12,159 --> 00:08:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">follow these people over 116 weeks and</font>
+
+179
+00:08:15,199 --> 00:08:21,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what did the study show first let's look</font>
+
+180
+00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:23,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at what happened in the brains as we did</font>
+
+181
+00:08:21,159 --> 00:08:26,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as we look at the pet scans of people</font>
+
+182
+00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that uh first the untreated group what</font>
+
+183
+00:08:26,319 --> 00:08:31,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happens to the amalo levels in their</font>
+
+184
+00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:33,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brains It Go go up with time what</font>
+
+185
+00:08:31,639 --> 00:08:37,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happens to the amalo levels in the</font>
+
+186
+00:08:33,799 --> 00:08:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brains treated with the drug a pretty</font>
+
+187
+00:08:37,039 --> 00:08:43,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">robust decrease in amalo in their brains</font>
+
+188
+00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:46,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well if ameloid is causing this</font>
+
+189
+00:08:43,959 --> 00:08:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cognitive decline we would expect to see</font>
+
+190
+00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:51,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a pretty significant difference then in</font>
+
+191
+00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the cognitive function comparing the</font>
+
+192
+00:08:51,279 --> 00:08:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">placebo to the treatment group what did</font>
+
+193
+00:08:54,080 --> 00:09:00,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these researchers find as we look at uh</font>
+
+194
+00:08:57,680 --> 00:09:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first trial no difference in uh</font>
+
+195
+00:09:00,399 --> 00:09:05,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">changes over time uh in their cognitive</font>
+
+196
+00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:07,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">function and the second trial similarly</font>
+
+197
+00:09:05,399 --> 00:09:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no difference when we look at the</font>
+
+198
+00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:13,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">composite uh chart graph uh comparing</font>
+
+199
+00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the intervention drug that get tenor</font>
+
+200
+00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:20,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raab through to Placebo what do we see</font>
+
+201
+00:09:16,880 --> 00:09:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">virtually no change in terms of their</font>
+
+202
+00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:26,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cognitive decline both groups decline</font>
+
+203
+00:09:23,519 --> 00:09:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite dramatically despite the fact that</font>
+
+204
+00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:32,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one group had a significant lowering in</font>
+
+205
+00:09:29,320 --> 00:09:35,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their brains of beta ameloid but here's</font>
+
+206
+00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:39,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what is also fundamentally important</font>
+
+207
+00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:41,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when we look again at these amalo</font>
+
+208
+00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:43,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">related Imaging abnormalities or the</font>
+
+209
+00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:45,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain hemorrhaging and swelling that</font>
+
+210
+00:09:43,519 --> 00:09:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">occurs a pretty dramatic difference</font>
+
+211
+00:09:45,959 --> 00:09:51,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's the placebo group and this is the</font>
+
+212
+00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treatment group so you know I I think</font>
+
+213
+00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when we have the notion of above all Do</font>
+
+214
+00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no harm premium non noair uh that this</font>
+
+215
+00:09:58,079 --> 00:10:02,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is something we should be thinking about</font>
+
+216
+00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:04,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we're not gaining any benefit here</font>
+
+217
+00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as you look at the risk benefit ratio</font>
+
+218
+00:10:04,079 --> 00:10:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there is no benefit but look at what the</font>
+
+219
+00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">risk may very well be dramatic increase</font>
+
+220
+00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:13,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">risk in these brain hemorrhages and</font>
+
+221
+00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:15,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">edema these authors concluded that among</font>
+
+222
+00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">persons with early Alzheimer's the use</font>
+
+223
+00:10:15,399 --> 00:10:21,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of this new drug led to a lower amalo</font>
+
+224
+00:10:18,360 --> 00:10:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plaque burden than Placebo at 116 weeks</font>
+
+225
+00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:28,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but was not associated with slower</font>
+
+226
+00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:31,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clinical decline as Albert Einstein has</font>
+
+227
+00:10:28,120 --> 00:10:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reminded us uh many times the the</font>
+
+228
+00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:36,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">definition of insanity is doing the same</font>
+
+229
+00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:40,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thing over and over and expecting</font>
+
+230
+00:10:36,920 --> 00:10:42,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">different results well here's the latest</font>
+
+231
+00:10:40,079 --> 00:10:44,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">news on one drug Adu Helm that the</font>
+
+232
+00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:47,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">company manufacturing it is going to</font>
+
+233
+00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:50,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stop uh its manufacturing and uh selling</font>
+
+234
+00:10:47,680 --> 00:10:53,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of this drug and beyond that quite</font>
+
+235
+00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting to note uh that the drug</font>
+
+236
+00:10:53,279 --> 00:10:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maker is going to stop developing and</font>
+
+237
+00:10:55,040 --> 00:11:00,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">selling Adu Adel an anti- amid</font>
+
+238
+00:10:58,079 --> 00:11:02,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">monoclonal antib body that did receive</font>
+
+239
+00:11:00,079 --> 00:11:04,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">FDA accelerated approval in 2021 and</font>
+
+240
+00:11:02,920 --> 00:11:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're also going to terminate the</font>
+
+241
+00:11:04,279 --> 00:11:09,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">confirmatory trial which was a</font>
+
+242
+00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:12,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">requirement of the Drug's accelerated</font>
+
+243
+00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">approval in other words the drug got</font>
+
+244
+00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">approved here in the United States by</font>
+
+245
+00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the</font>
+
+246
+00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:20,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">FDA although all of the studies</font>
+
+247
+00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">confirming that it did anything uh had</font>
+
+248
+00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:26,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not been completed um that's kind of</font>
+
+249
+00:11:23,519 --> 00:11:29,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting so where are we where are we</font>
+
+250
+00:11:26,959 --> 00:11:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">getting this messaging that we should be</font>
+
+251
+00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:34,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so dependent upon drugs well let's see</font>
+
+252
+00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:37,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what the Alzheimer's Association is</font>
+
+253
+00:11:34,639 --> 00:11:39,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">telling us that there are 6.7 million</font>
+
+254
+00:11:37,560 --> 00:11:42,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Americans living with Alzheimer's</font>
+
+255
+00:11:39,040 --> 00:11:44,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia that among people uh age 70 61%</font>
+
+256
+00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of those with Alzheimer's are expected</font>
+
+257
+00:11:44,560 --> 00:11:49,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to die before the age of 80 so it's it's</font>
+
+258
+00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:51,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a life-threatening issue compared with</font>
+
+259
+00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:55,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only 30% of people without alamer</font>
+
+260
+00:11:51,800 --> 00:11:57,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia and finally and this is very</font>
+
+261
+00:11:55,079 --> 00:12:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">important remember this that Alzheimer's</font>
+
+262
+00:11:57,880 --> 00:12:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">begins 20 years years or more before the</font>
+
+263
+00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:06,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">memory loss and other symptoms then</font>
+
+264
+00:12:03,160 --> 00:12:08,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">develop and this is again taken from the</font>
+
+265
+00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh this organization on the far left of</font>
+
+266
+00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:12,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your screen a person experiences memory</font>
+
+267
+00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:15,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or thinking problems on the far right of</font>
+
+268
+00:12:12,839 --> 00:12:17,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your screen treatment is started as a</font>
+
+269
+00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:19,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">person goes through the Continuum let me</font>
+
+270
+00:12:17,079 --> 00:12:21,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just bring these together so it'll make</font>
+
+271
+00:12:19,519 --> 00:12:24,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it easy what I'm the point I'm trying to</font>
+
+272
+00:12:21,279 --> 00:12:26,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make that the cognitive concerns begin</font>
+
+273
+00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:29,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then ultimately at the end of the</font>
+
+274
+00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:31,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Continuum you get treatment and on which</font>
+
+275
+00:12:29,839 --> 00:12:33,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is ongoing under the care of a</font>
+
+276
+00:12:31,399 --> 00:12:37,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">specialist who is able to do these</font>
+
+277
+00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intravenous infusions of drugs that</font>
+
+278
+00:12:37,199 --> 00:12:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">basically with all due respect do not</font>
+
+279
+00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:45,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">work and are associated with significant</font>
+
+280
+00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:48,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">morbidity and yes mortality so again</font>
+
+281
+00:12:45,839 --> 00:12:50,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is the Continuum and I'm going to</font>
+
+282
+00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:52,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">challenge I'm going to augment it now</font>
+
+283
+00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:54,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">myself uh and make room for what should</font>
+
+284
+00:12:52,680 --> 00:12:56,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be on the left side of your screen I'm</font>
+
+285
+00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cognitively intact and plan to keep it</font>
+
+286
+00:12:56,920 --> 00:13:01,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that way thank you very much yes the</font>
+
+287
+00:12:59,360 --> 00:13:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">notion of prevention needs to be</font>
+
+288
+00:13:01,959 --> 00:13:07,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something we look at as it relates to</font>
+
+289
+00:13:03,959 --> 00:13:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's disease Dr Michael</font>
+
+290
+00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">merenich uh a good friend and who who's</font>
+
+291
+00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been called the father of</font>
+
+292
+00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neuroplasticity uh made us aware of of</font>
+
+293
+00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really how ineffective these drugs are a</font>
+
+294
+00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:26,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recently appearing a report um and he</font>
+
+295
+00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:29,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">commented saying that these the trial of</font>
+
+296
+00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:31,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these drugs do not support the</font>
+
+297
+00:13:29,079 --> 00:13:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hypothesis that amalloy is the primary</font>
+
+298
+00:13:31,839 --> 00:13:36,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neuropathological agent underlying the</font>
+
+299
+00:13:34,680 --> 00:13:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">progressive neurobehavioral decline in</font>
+
+300
+00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's disease uh and furthermore</font>
+
+301
+00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the more obvious path to winning the</font>
+
+302
+00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:50,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">battle against this human Scourge is</font>
+
+303
+00:13:46,399 --> 00:13:52,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prevention prevention uh this is so</font>
+
+304
+00:13:50,399 --> 00:13:56,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">important because as he made clear 80 to</font>
+
+305
+00:13:52,920 --> 00:14:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">90% of prospective cases can be either</font>
+
+306
+00:13:56,199 --> 00:14:04,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">delayed or prevented 80 to 90% of a</font>
+
+307
+00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:07,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number that's 55 million in our on our</font>
+
+308
+00:14:04,079 --> 00:14:11,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">planet today so I want to take a step</font>
+
+309
+00:14:07,279 --> 00:14:13,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back then and look at what we understand</font>
+
+310
+00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:16,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is really going on in the brains of</font>
+
+311
+00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:19,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's patients that it is a a</font>
+
+312
+00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:21,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bioenergetic issue it is a failure of</font>
+
+313
+00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain's ability to supply blood to</font>
+
+314
+00:14:21,639 --> 00:14:28,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">itself and to use the fuel in that blood</font>
+
+315
+00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:30,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is glucose to power its cell it</font>
+
+316
+00:14:28,079 --> 00:14:31,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cannot uh it's failing as it relates to</font>
+
+317
+00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its</font>
+
+318
+00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:36,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bioenergetics and this is not recent</font>
+
+319
+00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">data this dates back to October</font>
+
+320
+00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2017 where they looked at the metabolism</font>
+
+321
+00:14:40,120 --> 00:14:45,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the brain and indicated getting back</font>
+
+322
+00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to an earlier slide that this hypom</font>
+
+323
+00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:50,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism occurs decades before</font>
+
+324
+00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's</font>
+
+325
+00:14:50,839 --> 00:14:54,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that individuals with insulin</font>
+
+326
+00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:56,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">resistance or have difficulty using</font>
+
+327
+00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:58,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glucose or type 2 diabetes have an</font>
+
+328
+00:14:56,959 --> 00:15:01,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increased risk for developing</font>
+
+329
+00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:04,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's disease moreover we may be</font>
+
+330
+00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">able to characterize the brain metabolic</font>
+
+331
+00:15:04,160 --> 00:15:08,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fingerprints that may be used to offer</font>
+
+332
+00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">patients and research participants more</font>
+
+333
+00:15:08,839 --> 00:15:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personalized therapeutic options in</font>
+
+334
+00:15:10,639 --> 00:15:16,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other words therapy that targets brain</font>
+
+335
+00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:19,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism yes in days gone by we we saw</font>
+
+336
+00:15:16,959 --> 00:15:21,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">differences in the MRI scans uh</font>
+
+337
+00:15:19,519 --> 00:15:24,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comparing controls to Alzheimer's</font>
+
+338
+00:15:21,199 --> 00:15:27,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">disease but now using pet scan and even</font>
+
+339
+00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:30,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more recently MRI we can see that the</font>
+
+340
+00:15:27,079 --> 00:15:33,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brains of Alzheimer's p s even prior to</font>
+
+341
+00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:35,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the diagnosis of Alzheimer's uh even</font>
+
+342
+00:15:33,880 --> 00:15:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when there's no clinical issue like</font>
+
+343
+00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:41,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">memory failure we can detect and predict</font>
+
+344
+00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who's going to have Alzheimer's based on</font>
+
+345
+00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:48,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the loss of uh energy utilization that</font>
+
+346
+00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:50,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is so obvious on these pet scans when we</font>
+
+347
+00:15:48,079 --> 00:15:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look at even mild Alzheimer's brain</font>
+
+348
+00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glucose update is significantly reduced</font>
+
+349
+00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:59,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and along the Continuum of an older</font>
+
+350
+00:15:56,360 --> 00:16:02,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">person versus mild cognitive impairment</font>
+
+351
+00:15:59,519 --> 00:16:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and full-blown Alzheimer's a dramatic</font>
+
+352
+00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:08,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reduction in glucose uptake so what</font>
+
+353
+00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:10,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're seeing now is that journals like</font>
+
+354
+00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Journal of the American Medical</font>
+
+355
+00:16:10,880 --> 00:16:17,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Association are letting us know that</font>
+
+356
+00:16:13,639 --> 00:16:20,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's glucose and brain metabolism that</font>
+
+357
+00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is as per this title moving to Center</font>
+
+358
+00:16:20,360 --> 00:16:25,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stage as they indicate at the same time</font>
+
+359
+00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">researchers are exploring ways to slow</font>
+
+360
+00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or prevent dementia using drugs and</font>
+
+361
+00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:33,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">importantly for all of us lifestyle</font>
+
+362
+00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">modifications typically prescribed for</font>
+
+363
+00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:41,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolic disorders like diabetes or</font>
+
+364
+00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:44,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">obesity and these uh inquiries have new</font>
+
+365
+00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:47,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">urgency as several anti-id targeting</font>
+
+366
+00:16:44,199 --> 00:16:49,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therapy disease uh drugs have failed in</font>
+
+367
+00:16:47,399 --> 00:16:51,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clinical trials so what are these</font>
+
+368
+00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lifestyle issues that they're talking</font>
+
+369
+00:16:51,759 --> 00:16:56,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about and where is the data that would</font>
+
+370
+00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:58,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indicate that there may be some uh</font>
+
+371
+00:16:56,959 --> 00:17:00,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relationship to memory decline for</font>
+
+372
+00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:02,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">example well let's start looking at some</font>
+
+373
+00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:05,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of this research here's a study</font>
+
+374
+00:17:02,759 --> 00:17:08,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">following individuals for 10 years</font>
+
+375
+00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looking at their lifestyle choices and</font>
+
+376
+00:17:08,319 --> 00:17:14,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">noting that a healthy lifestyle was</font>
+
+377
+00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:16,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">associated with a slower rate of memory</font>
+
+378
+00:17:14,199 --> 00:17:19,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decline in cognitively normal older</font>
+
+379
+00:17:16,559 --> 00:17:21,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adults adults including people who are</font>
+
+380
+00:17:19,199 --> 00:17:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">genetically susceptible to memory</font>
+
+381
+00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:27,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decline a huge study of 30,000</font>
+
+382
+00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals followed for 10 years and</font>
+
+383
+00:17:27,359 --> 00:17:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes they even even looked at the whether</font>
+
+384
+00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:37,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or not they carried the so-called</font>
+
+385
+00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:39,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's gene or the apo4 AP E4 alil</font>
+
+386
+00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:42,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they did cognitive evaluations and</font>
+
+387
+00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:44,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assessed their activities over the</font>
+
+388
+00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">course of this 10-year study looking at</font>
+
+389
+00:17:44,440 --> 00:17:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">things like what foods do you eat how</font>
+
+390
+00:17:46,799 --> 00:17:50,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much exercise are you getting are you</font>
+
+391
+00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:52,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting with others are you</font>
+
+392
+00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:54,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting with things challenging your</font>
+
+393
+00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:56,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain were you ever a smoker or did you</font>
+
+394
+00:17:54,919 --> 00:17:59,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quit and well how much alcohol you're</font>
+
+395
+00:17:56,600 --> 00:18:00,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consuming and what they found was really</font>
+
+396
+00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite</font>
+
+397
+00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fascinating that the rate of cognitive</font>
+
+398
+00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:10,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decline memory function specifically</font>
+
+399
+00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:12,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over 10 years was dramatically increased</font>
+
+400
+00:18:10,120 --> 00:18:15,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the right side of your screen uh in</font>
+
+401
+00:18:12,679 --> 00:18:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those who had unfavorable lifestyle</font>
+
+402
+00:18:15,559 --> 00:18:21,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">choices and these are people who do not</font>
+
+403
+00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:23,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">carry the Alzheimer's Gene those who did</font>
+
+404
+00:18:21,159 --> 00:18:27,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">carry the Alzheimer's</font>
+
+405
+00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:30,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gene look at that same results meaning</font>
+
+406
+00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:32,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the gene really is less important</font>
+
+407
+00:18:30,320 --> 00:18:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than we had thought that carrying the</font>
+
+408
+00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:39,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so-called apoe for alil does not condemn</font>
+
+409
+00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:42,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an individual to having a cognitive</font>
+
+410
+00:18:39,159 --> 00:18:45,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decline that lifestyle choices are so</font>
+
+411
+00:18:42,919 --> 00:18:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">important we don't have a lot of time to</font>
+
+412
+00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go through them all I'm going to go</font>
+
+413
+00:18:46,799 --> 00:18:50,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through physical exercise I think this</font>
+
+414
+00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:52,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is uh certainly something that's within</font>
+
+415
+00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:57,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everyone's grasp and let's look at some</font>
+
+416
+00:18:52,880 --> 00:19:00,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the the data to help us understand</font>
+
+417
+00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what is the relationship between</font>
+
+418
+00:19:00,559 --> 00:19:07,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">activating our muscles during exercise</font>
+
+419
+00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and brain uh in both health and disease</font>
+
+420
+00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:11,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I think it's great to uh explore</font>
+
+421
+00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this because we know that exercise is</font>
+
+422
+00:19:11,159 --> 00:19:16,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good for us we know that exercise is</font>
+
+423
+00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good for the brain but how does it work</font>
+
+424
+00:19:16,360 --> 00:19:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what's going on so this is a an</font>
+
+425
+00:19:19,120 --> 00:19:25,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting study report that makes it</font>
+
+426
+00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clear that our muscles are an endocrine</font>
+
+427
+00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:30,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">organ think about that that the muscle</font>
+
+428
+00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:33,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are an endocrine organ they secrete</font>
+
+429
+00:19:30,799 --> 00:19:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chemicals uh that have activity</font>
+
+430
+00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:37,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">throughout the body much like other</font>
+
+431
+00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">endocrine organs that you are familiar</font>
+
+432
+00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:43,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with pituitary the pineal uh and thyroid</font>
+
+433
+00:19:40,559 --> 00:19:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh to name a few when we recognize the</font>
+
+434
+00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:49,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">muscles and endocrine organ we embrace</font>
+
+435
+00:19:47,159 --> 00:19:52,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the notion that we can activate that</font>
+
+436
+00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">endocrine organ and have it do its job</font>
+
+437
+00:19:52,799 --> 00:19:58,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when we exercise so when we exercise</font>
+
+438
+00:19:56,559 --> 00:20:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're activating muscles and muscles are</font>
+
+439
+00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:05,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now creating myocin and what are myocin</font>
+
+440
+00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:07,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these are chemicals or cyto kindes that</font>
+
+441
+00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:09,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are synthesized released by muscles</font>
+
+442
+00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:12,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during muscular contraction and they are</font>
+
+443
+00:20:09,919 --> 00:20:15,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the molecular mediators of the great</font>
+
+444
+00:20:12,679 --> 00:20:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">things that happen to our bodies and our</font>
+
+445
+00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brains when we exercise and we now are</font>
+
+446
+00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">embracing a no a notion of looking at</font>
+
+447
+00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:26,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all the things involved with these</font>
+
+448
+00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:28,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">muscle chemicals and what they do as we</font>
+
+449
+00:20:26,559 --> 00:20:31,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">talk about a new term called the</font>
+
+450
+00:20:28,919 --> 00:20:35,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">myome and the myome then looks at all of</font>
+
+451
+00:20:31,919 --> 00:20:37,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this activity of the various myokines</font>
+
+452
+00:20:35,039 --> 00:20:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like interlukin 6 which we used to</font>
+
+453
+00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:41,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">characterize as being purely</font>
+
+454
+00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pro-inflammatory Ketone bodies many of</font>
+
+455
+00:20:41,559 --> 00:20:45,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you have heard of being in a ketogenic</font>
+
+456
+00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:48,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">diet why that's good for the brain</font>
+
+457
+00:20:45,159 --> 00:20:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lactate irisin cathepsin B and of course</font>
+
+458
+00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:54,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain derived neurotropic Factor being</font>
+
+459
+00:20:50,120 --> 00:20:58,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so good for the brain these are active</font>
+
+460
+00:20:54,640 --> 00:21:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um these are active Regulators of our</font>
+
+461
+00:20:58,159 --> 00:21:04,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Focus which is the metabolism of the</font>
+
+462
+00:21:01,360 --> 00:21:06,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain and importantly that these are</font>
+
+463
+00:21:04,120 --> 00:21:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increased in muscular activity even when</font>
+
+464
+00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:12,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there isn't inflammation it increases</font>
+
+465
+00:21:09,799 --> 00:21:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the ability to use GL uh glucose or</font>
+
+466
+00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blood sugar the breakdown of fat in</font>
+
+467
+00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:19,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">muscle and the utilization of fatty</font>
+
+468
+00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acids in muscle and importantly</font>
+
+469
+00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:25,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">activates something called</font>
+
+470
+00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">amk This is a pathway that allows us to</font>
+
+471
+00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use fat as a fuel uh that allows us to</font>
+
+472
+00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:34,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grow new mitochondria or energy</font>
+
+473
+00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:36,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">producers uh even in the brain so that</font>
+
+474
+00:21:34,279 --> 00:21:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">helps our metabolism so we're now</font>
+
+475
+00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:41,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looking at the notion of proper muscle</font>
+
+476
+00:21:38,840 --> 00:21:43,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Tob brain signaling as an important</font>
+
+477
+00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mechanism uh as it relates to brain</font>
+
+478
+00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:49,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">health and that when we don't utilize</font>
+
+479
+00:21:46,799 --> 00:21:51,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this process we may set ourselves up for</font>
+
+480
+00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:54,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain</font>
+
+481
+00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:56,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">disease exercise actually improves</font>
+
+482
+00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:59,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">insulin</font>
+
+483
+00:21:56,159 --> 00:22:02,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sensitivity and this uh was a study</font>
+
+484
+00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:05,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looking at sedentary or non-exercising</font>
+
+485
+00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:08,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adults who are overweight uh and obese</font>
+
+486
+00:22:05,799 --> 00:22:12,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">overid or obese and it was a relatively</font>
+
+487
+00:22:08,919 --> 00:22:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">small study 14 women seven men uh</font>
+
+488
+00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">elevated body mass index and they did a</font>
+
+489
+00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:19,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">study of their brain</font>
+
+490
+00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">utilization uh of glucose brain</font>
+
+491
+00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:25,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism if you will after and before</font>
+
+492
+00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:29,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and after giving them a blast of insulin</font>
+
+493
+00:22:25,799 --> 00:22:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in their nose and compared that to what</font>
+
+494
+00:22:29,120 --> 00:22:34,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened when uh some of them did an</font>
+
+495
+00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:36,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exercise program and let me just walk</font>
+
+496
+00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through again what the study involved</font>
+
+497
+00:22:36,880 --> 00:22:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they each had a baseline functional MRI</font>
+
+498
+00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:45,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that looks at brain metabolism then they</font>
+
+499
+00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had a blast of insulin in their uh noses</font>
+
+500
+00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that does get into the brain 30 minutes</font>
+
+501
+00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:52,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">later they underwent another functional</font>
+
+502
+00:22:49,919 --> 00:22:57,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">MRI so looking at</font>
+
+503
+00:22:52,919 --> 00:23:00,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the uh utilization metabolism uh in a</font>
+
+504
+00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:02,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">part of the brain called the paman uh a</font>
+
+505
+00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:05,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">specific area that was studied here</font>
+
+506
+00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:08,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shows that comparison uh group this is</font>
+
+507
+00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:10,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the group not exercising uh after the 30</font>
+
+508
+00:23:08,799 --> 00:23:14,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">minutes of receiving after receiving</font>
+
+509
+00:23:10,799 --> 00:23:16,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">insulin no real change in the activity</font>
+
+510
+00:23:14,039 --> 00:23:18,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this particular part of the brain but</font>
+
+511
+00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:21,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when we look at what happens in the</font>
+
+512
+00:23:18,159 --> 00:23:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group over the 8 week uh period that</font>
+
+513
+00:23:21,159 --> 00:23:27,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exercise then got the insulin and then</font>
+
+514
+00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had to repeat functional MRI a dramatic</font>
+
+515
+00:23:27,159 --> 00:23:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase in how insulin works in the</font>
+
+516
+00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:35,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain to increase</font>
+
+517
+00:23:33,039 --> 00:23:37,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism another thing they looked at</font>
+
+518
+00:23:35,360 --> 00:23:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is this notion of functional</font>
+
+519
+00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:42,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">connectivity how one part of the brain</font>
+
+520
+00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:44,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relates to another part of the brain the</font>
+
+521
+00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">connectivity the connections pretty</font>
+
+522
+00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:48,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dramatic increased uh presence of</font>
+
+523
+00:23:47,120 --> 00:23:52,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">functional connectivity in the group</font>
+
+524
+00:23:48,679 --> 00:23:55,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that exercise and also doing a a mental</font>
+
+525
+00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:57,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">test called a trail making the lower</font>
+
+526
+00:23:55,279 --> 00:24:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">score the better the means the faster</font>
+
+527
+00:23:57,919 --> 00:24:02,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you're doing this study uh this test uh</font>
+
+528
+00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:04,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that shows that their brains are working</font>
+
+529
+00:24:02,520 --> 00:24:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better and even looking at metabolism</font>
+
+530
+00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looking at how their mitochondria work a</font>
+
+531
+00:24:07,799 --> 00:24:13,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dramatic increase in the exercisers in</font>
+
+532
+00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:14,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comparison to those uh who did not uh</font>
+
+533
+00:24:13,279 --> 00:24:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who still received the insulin but did</font>
+
+534
+00:24:14,679 --> 00:24:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not exercise from the Journal of the</font>
+
+535
+00:24:16,799 --> 00:24:22,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">American Medical Association looking at</font>
+
+536
+00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:24,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">880,000 adults followed for seven years</font>
+
+537
+00:24:22,120 --> 00:24:26,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they put a wrist accelerometer on them</font>
+
+538
+00:24:24,760 --> 00:24:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and they wanted to determine in this</font>
+
+539
+00:24:26,360 --> 00:24:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">group of 80,000 people who got dementia</font>
+
+540
+00:24:29,279 --> 00:24:36,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what did they find dramatic um um uh</font>
+
+541
+00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:38,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">association between risk of getting</font>
+
+542
+00:24:36,279 --> 00:24:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia and lower levels of exercise</font>
+
+543
+00:24:38,919 --> 00:24:44,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but importantly their quote that there's</font>
+
+544
+00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no minimal threshold to the beneficial</font>
+
+545
+00:24:44,799 --> 00:24:50,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">association of Step counts with incident</font>
+
+546
+00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia meaning any exercise is good</font>
+
+547
+00:24:50,559 --> 00:24:56,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more is better in this study 9800 steps</font>
+
+548
+00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:59,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">per day was optimal for being in the</font>
+
+549
+00:24:56,520 --> 00:25:02,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lowest uh risk group for developing</font>
+
+550
+00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dementia but again any level of activity</font>
+
+551
+00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is going to benefit your brain so we</font>
+
+552
+00:25:06,120 --> 00:25:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">need to consider brain metabolism which</font>
+
+553
+00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:14,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">involves really two things the um</font>
+
+554
+00:25:11,679 --> 00:25:18,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">utilization of sugar and of course its</font>
+
+555
+00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">delivery in the first place blood supply</font>
+
+556
+00:25:18,159 --> 00:25:23,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Central to this is a chemical recently</font>
+
+557
+00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discovered uh in the brain and in the</font>
+
+558
+00:25:23,559 --> 00:25:30,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">body it's actually a gas called nitric</font>
+
+559
+00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:34,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide abbreviated n o and nitric oxide</font>
+
+560
+00:25:30,399 --> 00:25:36,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is actually a powerful mechanism whereby</font>
+
+561
+00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exercise does its beautiful stuff in the</font>
+
+562
+00:25:36,919 --> 00:25:42,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain that exercise increases our</font>
+
+563
+00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:45,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ability to use glucose and improves</font>
+
+564
+00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:48,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blood supply because it goes through</font>
+
+565
+00:25:45,559 --> 00:25:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this nitric oxide Channel could nitric</font>
+
+566
+00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:54,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide be something that relates to</font>
+
+567
+00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alzheimer's could we maybe just say no</font>
+
+568
+00:25:54,039 --> 00:25:59,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nitric oxide to Alzheimer's and in fact</font>
+
+569
+00:25:56,559 --> 00:26:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're now seeing uh studies that show a</font>
+
+570
+00:25:59,559 --> 00:26:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">significant reduction in risk for</font>
+
+571
+00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developing Alzheimer's in drugs uh in</font>
+
+572
+00:26:06,120 --> 00:26:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people who use drugs that increase blood</font>
+
+573
+00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:14,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">supply by increasing nitric oxide Viagra</font>
+
+574
+00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:17,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a drug for erectile dysfunction was</font>
+
+575
+00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designed to increase nitric oxide and</font>
+
+576
+00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:23,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore increase blood supply it does</font>
+
+577
+00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:26,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so throughout the body not just as it</font>
+
+578
+00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:28,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relates to rectile dysfunction nitric</font>
+
+579
+00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:30,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide again does two things</font>
+
+580
+00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:33,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it improves glucose utilization by</font>
+
+581
+00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:36,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enhancing how insulin works and it</font>
+
+582
+00:26:33,559 --> 00:26:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">improves blood supply glut glucose</font>
+
+583
+00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:42,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">utilization and Vascular profusion are</font>
+
+584
+00:26:39,720 --> 00:26:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the difference between uh a normal brain</font>
+
+585
+00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:48,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the Alzheimer's brain and nitric</font>
+
+586
+00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:52,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide is a central mechanism now I'm</font>
+
+587
+00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:54,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certainly not um advocating that we all</font>
+
+588
+00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">begin taking this drug we'll look at</font>
+
+589
+00:26:54,559 --> 00:26:59,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what we can do to improve nitric oxide</font>
+
+590
+00:26:56,559 --> 00:27:02,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in just a moment uh this study looked at</font>
+
+591
+00:26:59,440 --> 00:27:05,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what nitric oxide bioavailability</font>
+
+592
+00:27:02,159 --> 00:27:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bioavailability does uh on Progressive</font>
+
+593
+00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um uh changes in the body and in the</font>
+
+594
+00:27:07,799 --> 00:27:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain with respect to alzheimer's</font>
+
+595
+00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looking at uh cereal blood flow Young on</font>
+
+596
+00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:18,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the left uh and the endstage Alzheimer's</font>
+
+597
+00:27:16,159 --> 00:27:21,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the right dramatic reduction in blood</font>
+
+598
+00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:22,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flow to the brain one might assume that</font>
+
+599
+00:27:21,039 --> 00:27:25,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perhaps they don't have as much nitric</font>
+
+600
+00:27:22,919 --> 00:27:28,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide we'll get there in a moment when</font>
+
+601
+00:27:25,399 --> 00:27:30,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we look at uh blood flow in the internal</font>
+
+602
+00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:33,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cored artery that brings blood into the</font>
+
+603
+00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:35,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain dramatic reduction in going from</font>
+
+604
+00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">young to old and to end stage on the far</font>
+
+605
+00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right of your screen Alzheimer's looking</font>
+
+606
+00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at blood supply to the cortex the top of</font>
+
+607
+00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:45,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain which we can measure now again</font>
+
+608
+00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:48,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the same Decline and we look at nitric</font>
+
+609
+00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:51,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide availability a very very</font>
+
+610
+00:27:48,559 --> 00:27:53,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting similar curve that we see</font>
+
+611
+00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:56,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this strong correlation of reduction in</font>
+
+612
+00:27:53,840 --> 00:28:00,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blood flow with reduction in nitric</font>
+
+613
+00:27:56,519 --> 00:28:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide by bio availability in the brain</font>
+
+614
+00:28:00,039 --> 00:28:04,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as we age but certainly worse as it</font>
+
+615
+00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:08,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relates to developing the development</font>
+
+616
+00:28:04,519 --> 00:28:10,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rather of inage Alzheimer's so these uh</font>
+
+617
+00:28:08,279 --> 00:28:13,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">authors demonstrated that in patients</font>
+
+618
+00:28:10,360 --> 00:28:16,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with Alzheimer's that these changes are</font>
+
+619
+00:28:13,159 --> 00:28:19,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">directly associated with Alzheimer's and</font>
+
+620
+00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:22,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not to aging that nitric oxide</font>
+
+621
+00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:24,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bioavailability is the link between</font>
+
+622
+00:28:22,919 --> 00:28:27,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cardiovascular and central nervous</font>
+
+623
+00:28:24,799 --> 00:28:28,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">systems degenerative processes in</font>
+
+624
+00:28:27,039 --> 00:28:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">patients at different levels of severity</font>
+
+625
+00:28:28,919 --> 00:28:36,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Alzheimer's again related to the</font>
+
+626
+00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">depletion of nitric oxide nitric oxide</font>
+
+627
+00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:41,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plays a central role in brain metabolism</font>
+
+628
+00:28:40,159 --> 00:28:44,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where does it come</font>
+
+629
+00:28:41,559 --> 00:28:47,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from a lot of it is from recycling</font>
+
+630
+00:28:44,919 --> 00:28:50,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nitric oxide and uh those chemicals that</font>
+
+631
+00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:51,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make it but a lot of it actually 50%</font>
+
+632
+00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:54,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comes from foods that are rich in</font>
+
+633
+00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something called nitrate nitrate rich</font>
+
+634
+00:28:54,559 --> 00:29:01,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foods are converted by bacteria in the</font>
+
+635
+00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:04,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mouth to nitrite and that becomes nitric</font>
+
+636
+00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oxide I recently did a an interview uh</font>
+
+637
+00:29:04,919 --> 00:29:09,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a Doctor Mark barena uh that's</font>
+
+638
+00:29:07,200 --> 00:29:12,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">available on YouTube that covers this</font>
+
+639
+00:29:09,279 --> 00:29:14,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that interview went uh viral uh because</font>
+
+640
+00:29:12,559 --> 00:29:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think the way he explained this</font>
+
+641
+00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:18,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relationship and the important role of</font>
+
+642
+00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our mouth bacteria was really very</font>
+
+643
+00:29:18,519 --> 00:29:24,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stunning so again he is calling</font>
+
+644
+00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:26,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attention as many have to the role of</font>
+
+645
+00:29:24,159 --> 00:29:28,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bacteria in the mouth well we're</font>
+
+646
+00:29:26,679 --> 00:29:30,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">told that we want to do everything we</font>
+
+647
+00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can to kill the bacteria in our mouth</font>
+
+648
+00:29:30,559 --> 00:29:35,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right so we don't have problems like who</font>
+
+649
+00:29:33,039 --> 00:29:39,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">knows what bad breath and and uh tooth</font>
+
+650
+00:29:35,679 --> 00:29:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decay but is there a relationship if we</font>
+
+651
+00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kill these bacteria between glucose</font>
+
+652
+00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:46,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">utilization and Vascular profusion in</font>
+
+653
+00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:50,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other words could killing off these</font>
+
+654
+00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:53,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bacteria have systemic issues could</font>
+
+655
+00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:55,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">using mouthwash for example be related</font>
+
+656
+00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:58,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to risk for diabetes and in this really</font>
+
+657
+00:29:55,799 --> 00:30:00,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fascinating study from from</font>
+
+658
+00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:03,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2017 these researchers looked at about a</font>
+
+659
+00:30:00,919 --> 00:30:04,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thousand individuals overweight obese</font>
+
+660
+00:30:03,279 --> 00:30:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adults</font>
+
+661
+00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-diabetic how often used mouthwash</font>
+
+662
+00:30:07,039 --> 00:30:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they followed for three years what did</font>
+
+663
+00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:14,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they find using mouthwash two or more</font>
+
+664
+00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:16,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">times a day associated with a 49%</font>
+
+665
+00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:18,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increased risk of pre-diabetes or</font>
+
+666
+00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:20,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">diabetes what about high blood pressure</font>
+
+667
+00:30:18,279 --> 00:30:23,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If nitric oxide is involved in blood</font>
+
+668
+00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:27,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pressure regulation a very similar study</font>
+
+669
+00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">540 individuals again 3 years risk of</font>
+
+670
+00:30:27,519 --> 00:30:32,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developing high blood pressure a</font>
+
+671
+00:30:29,279 --> 00:30:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">powerful risk factor for Alzheimer's</font>
+
+672
+00:30:32,519 --> 00:30:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">risk of high blood pressure</font>
+
+673
+00:30:34,799 --> 00:30:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">117% increase and that's just from Two</font>
+
+674
+00:30:37,960 --> 00:30:42,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Times Daily</font>
+
+675
+00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:44,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so what else should we consider as we</font>
+
+676
+00:30:42,399 --> 00:30:47,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think about what's going on how do we</font>
+
+677
+00:30:44,799 --> 00:30:50,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase nitrate and then nitrite and</font>
+
+678
+00:30:47,559 --> 00:30:54,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nitric oxide by eating nitrat rich foods</font>
+
+679
+00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">colorful vegetables like beets we know</font>
+
+680
+00:30:54,120 --> 00:31:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that uh we can actually change</font>
+
+681
+00:30:58,200 --> 00:31:03,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh the the bacteria in the mouth they</font>
+
+682
+00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:06,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respond with higher levels of nitrate</font>
+
+683
+00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again the notion is if we eat nitrat</font>
+
+684
+00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:11,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rich foods in this study a dramatic</font>
+
+685
+00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:14,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reduction in blood pressure by using a</font>
+
+686
+00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:16,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">specific supplement that reduced rather</font>
+
+687
+00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:19,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that improved nitric oxide by giving</font>
+
+688
+00:31:16,679 --> 00:31:22,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nitrate bacteria converted to nitrite</font>
+
+689
+00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:24,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your body turns it on into nitric oxide</font>
+
+690
+00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that lowers blood pressure one of the</font>
+
+691
+00:31:24,519 --> 00:31:30,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pioneers is Dr Nathan Brian who has done</font>
+
+692
+00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:33,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a variety of studies demonstrating</font>
+
+693
+00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:36,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dramatic changes in patients with</font>
+
+694
+00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:39,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cardiovascular disease uh in individuals</font>
+
+695
+00:31:36,039 --> 00:31:42,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who received a a pharmaceutical way</font>
+
+696
+00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">orally uh of increasing their nitrate</font>
+
+697
+00:31:42,559 --> 00:31:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and therefore nitric oxide production uh</font>
+
+698
+00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I had the opportunity to meet with him</font>
+
+699
+00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:54,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and uh I will be with him um actually</font>
+
+700
+00:31:51,360 --> 00:31:57,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beginning a study of uh increasing</font>
+
+701
+00:31:54,519 --> 00:31:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nitric oxide as a way of treating</font>
+
+702
+00:31:57,679 --> 00:32:02,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals with existing Alzheimer's</font>
+
+703
+00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:05,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Disease by for the very first time</font>
+
+704
+00:32:02,559 --> 00:32:05,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">targeting their</font>
+
+705
+00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:12,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism well I hope you enjoyed that</font>
+
+706
+00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:14,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">presentation again metabolism is Central</font>
+
+707
+00:32:12,080 --> 00:32:16,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh to brain health and resistance to</font>
+
+708
+00:32:14,559 --> 00:32:18,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">things like Alzheimer's disease</font>
+
+709
+00:32:16,559 --> 00:32:21,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metabolism is highly influenced by the</font>
+
+710
+00:32:18,880 --> 00:32:25,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">various lifestyle choices we make uh</font>
+
+711
+00:32:21,279 --> 00:32:25,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">each and every day thank you</font>
+
+712
+00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:29,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bye-bye</font>
+
+713
+00:32:31,890 --> 00:32:35,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+714
+00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:35,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+

subtitle/5iA7wZfxglE.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,3564 @@
+1
+00:00:04,500 --> 00:00:07,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+2
+00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:18,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space is full of Unsolved Mysteries and</font>
+
+3
+00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:20,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unanswered questions</font>
+
+4
+00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:23,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and while we know a lot about our</font>
+
+5
+00:00:20,460 --> 00:00:26,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe today there seems to be even</font>
+
+6
+00:00:23,340 --> 00:00:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more which we don't know</font>
+
+7
+00:00:26,340 --> 00:00:32,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">since 1687 an enormous effort has been</font>
+
+8
+00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">made to try and understand the nature of</font>
+
+9
+00:00:32,399 --> 00:00:36,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the most prominent force in the universe</font>
+
+10
+00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:39,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity</font>
+
+11
+00:00:36,719 --> 00:00:42,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and our topic today Dark Matter</font>
+
+12
+00:00:39,559 --> 00:00:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">represents a substantial missing piece</font>
+
+13
+00:00:42,420 --> 00:00:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of that puzzle</font>
+
+14
+00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:50,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you've probably heard of dark matter and</font>
+
+15
+00:00:48,899 --> 00:00:53,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">may even have been taught about it in</font>
+
+16
+00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:55,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">school it makes up a large chunk of our</font>
+
+17
+00:00:53,219 --> 00:00:57,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">standard model of astrophysics despite</font>
+
+18
+00:00:55,739 --> 00:01:00,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">never having been seen or directly</font>
+
+19
+00:00:57,719 --> 00:01:02,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detected and the 50-year multi-billion</font>
+
+20
+00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:05,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dollar search for this elusive form of</font>
+
+21
+00:01:02,879 --> 00:01:08,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter continues to this day</font>
+
+22
+00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:10,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so what is dark matter and why haven't</font>
+
+23
+00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:13,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we been able to see it yet</font>
+
+24
+00:01:10,799 --> 00:01:15,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and if we can't see it how do we know</font>
+
+25
+00:01:13,320 --> 00:01:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that it is really there</font>
+
+26
+00:01:15,659 --> 00:01:19,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">furthermore how can something that's</font>
+
+27
+00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">never been proven have such a large</font>
+
+28
+00:01:19,619 --> 00:01:23,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place in the science you find in</font>
+
+29
+00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">textbooks</font>
+
+30
+00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:28,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and after so many decades of fruitless</font>
+
+31
+00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">searching is it finally time to embrace</font>
+
+32
+00:01:28,439 --> 00:01:32,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alternative ideas</font>
+
+33
+00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:35,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these are the questions we will be</font>
+
+34
+00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:39,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">aiming to answer as we peel back the</font>
+
+35
+00:01:35,039 --> 00:01:39,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">layers of the Dark Matter mystery</font>
+
+36
+00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:58,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter is a theoretical form of</font>
+
+37
+00:01:56,280 --> 00:02:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mass which has never been seen or</font>
+
+38
+00:01:58,439 --> 00:02:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detected but is inferred to be present</font>
+
+39
+00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:05,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in space due to its gravitational</font>
+
+40
+00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:08,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influence on Galaxies</font>
+
+41
+00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:09,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">proponents of the theory claim it to be</font>
+
+42
+00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:12,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some kind of undiscovered elementary</font>
+
+43
+00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particle but one with properties that do</font>
+
+44
+00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not fit with our relatively rigorous</font>
+
+45
+00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">standard model of particle physics</font>
+
+46
+00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:22,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark Matter's most mysterious property</font>
+
+47
+00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:25,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">responsible for its Decades of</font>
+
+48
+00:02:22,920 --> 00:02:28,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-detection is that it seems to be</font>
+
+49
+00:02:25,700 --> 00:02:30,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electromagnetically neutral</font>
+
+50
+00:02:28,260 --> 00:02:33,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it does not appear to interact with the</font>
+
+51
+00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electromagnetic force in any way and</font>
+
+52
+00:02:33,540 --> 00:02:40,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thus does not absorb emit or reflect</font>
+
+53
+00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:42,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">light or any kind of radiation in fact</font>
+
+54
+00:02:40,019 --> 00:02:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this renders the particles completely</font>
+
+55
+00:02:42,540 --> 00:02:47,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">invisible and not known as dark because</font>
+
+56
+00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:49,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of any actual color</font>
+
+57
+00:02:47,099 --> 00:02:51,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fact a better way of describing it</font>
+
+58
+00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be missing Mass</font>
+
+59
+00:02:51,959 --> 00:02:56,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no matter how hard we look for it it</font>
+
+60
+00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:58,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evades the many eyes of our</font>
+
+61
+00:02:56,120 --> 00:03:00,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electromagnetic observatories</font>
+
+62
+00:02:58,500 --> 00:03:03,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even the beasts such as Hubble and James</font>
+
+63
+00:03:00,959 --> 00:03:06,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Webb</font>
+
+64
+00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however scientists are confident that it</font>
+
+65
+00:03:06,239 --> 00:03:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exists or that something exists in its</font>
+
+66
+00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place at the very least</font>
+
+67
+00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:16,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because without a substantial source of</font>
+
+68
+00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:17,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">missing Mass the present day layout and</font>
+
+69
+00:03:16,019 --> 00:03:20,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">structure of the universe would simply</font>
+
+70
+00:03:17,940 --> 00:03:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not be possible</font>
+
+71
+00:03:20,700 --> 00:03:26,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when we run simulations aimed at</font>
+
+72
+00:03:23,519 --> 00:03:28,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recreating the universe's life from the</font>
+
+73
+00:03:26,159 --> 00:03:31,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">moment of the Big Bang none of them are</font>
+
+74
+00:03:28,860 --> 00:03:33,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">able to give rise to the complexity that</font>
+
+75
+00:03:31,319 --> 00:03:35,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we see today with only the gravity of</font>
+
+76
+00:03:33,659 --> 00:03:38,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">visible baryonic matter</font>
+
+77
+00:03:35,819 --> 00:03:40,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I.E the gravity of galaxies and their</font>
+
+78
+00:03:38,340 --> 00:03:43,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stars and gas</font>
+
+79
+00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:46,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">while galaxies themselves are massive</font>
+
+80
+00:03:43,079 --> 00:03:48,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space is incomparably more enormous</font>
+
+81
+00:03:46,319 --> 00:03:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and even the gravity of all the</font>
+
+82
+00:03:48,299 --> 00:03:52,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's galaxies combined Falls</font>
+
+83
+00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">significantly short of the influence</font>
+
+84
+00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">necessary to explain how the cosmos</font>
+
+85
+00:03:54,959 --> 00:04:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ended up looking like it does today</font>
+
+86
+00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:02,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at least five sixths of the</font>
+
+87
+00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:06,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity-inducing mass needed to explain</font>
+
+88
+00:04:02,700 --> 00:04:08,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxy clusters is missing and thus most</font>
+
+89
+00:04:06,239 --> 00:04:10,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scientists agree that the majority of</font>
+
+90
+00:04:08,580 --> 00:04:13,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the universe's Mass must be in this dark</font>
+
+91
+00:04:10,980 --> 00:04:16,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">form which we cannot see</font>
+
+92
+00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:18,478
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however this Mass still exerts a</font>
+
+93
+00:04:16,079 --> 00:04:20,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravitational influence which affects</font>
+
+94
+00:04:18,478 --> 00:04:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the space around it in a way which we</font>
+
+95
+00:04:20,519 --> 00:04:23,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can see</font>
+
+96
+00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:25,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but sadly not directly enough to</font>
+
+97
+00:04:23,880 --> 00:04:28,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unequivocally prove dark Matter's</font>
+
+98
+00:04:25,919 --> 00:04:28,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existence</font>
+
+99
+00:04:29,940 --> 00:04:33,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the idea that the universe's contents</font>
+
+100
+00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contains more than its visible matter</font>
+
+101
+00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has been speculated upon for centuries</font>
+
+102
+00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:41,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but scientists didn't really start to</font>
+
+103
+00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">embrace it properly until the 20th</font>
+
+104
+00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:45,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">century</font>
+
+105
+00:04:42,840 --> 00:04:47,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the 1920s a few astronomers</font>
+
+106
+00:04:45,419 --> 00:04:50,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggested the existence of invisible</font>
+
+107
+00:04:47,699 --> 00:04:53,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mass based on the observed motions of</font>
+
+108
+00:04:50,580 --> 00:04:56,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stars within our galaxy</font>
+
+109
+00:04:53,220 --> 00:04:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it wasn't until the 1930s that we</font>
+
+110
+00:04:56,400 --> 00:05:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">began detecting tangible signs of</font>
+
+111
+00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">missing matter</font>
+
+112
+00:05:02,039 --> 00:05:08,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in 1933 Swiss physicist Fritz Vicky</font>
+
+113
+00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plotted the redshift of galaxies within</font>
+
+114
+00:05:08,639 --> 00:05:12,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the coma cluster</font>
+
+115
+00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:16,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a group of more than a thousand galaxies</font>
+
+116
+00:05:12,479 --> 00:05:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lying 330 million lighters away seeking</font>
+
+117
+00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:19,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to map the movements of the galaxies</font>
+
+118
+00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:22,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Within</font>
+
+119
+00:05:19,979 --> 00:05:24,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by applying virial theorem to his</font>
+
+120
+00:05:22,139 --> 00:05:26,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">observations he determined that the</font>
+
+121
+00:05:24,539 --> 00:05:29,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cluster would need around 100 times more</font>
+
+122
+00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:31,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mass to keep its galaxies locked in the</font>
+
+123
+00:05:29,340 --> 00:05:33,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">formation he was observing with the</font>
+
+124
+00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:36,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity of just the stars in those</font>
+
+125
+00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galaxies nowhere near substantial enough</font>
+
+126
+00:05:36,060 --> 00:05:42,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to bind the cluster</font>
+
+127
+00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:44,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">zviki concluded that the coma cluster</font>
+
+128
+00:05:42,479 --> 00:05:46,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">must contain a significant amount of</font>
+
+129
+00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hidden Mass coining the missing Mass</font>
+
+130
+00:05:46,860 --> 00:05:50,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">problem</font>
+
+131
+00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:52,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first step down the Dark Matter</font>
+
+132
+00:05:50,039 --> 00:05:52,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rabbit's hole</font>
+
+133
+00:05:54,060 --> 00:05:58,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the 40 years that followed little</font>
+
+134
+00:05:56,460 --> 00:06:01,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">progress was made in understanding the</font>
+
+135
+00:05:58,919 --> 00:06:04,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nature of this missing Mass</font>
+
+136
+00:06:01,199 --> 00:06:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but moving into the 1970s a second</font>
+
+137
+00:06:04,139 --> 00:06:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crucial indirect line of evidence for</font>
+
+138
+00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:13,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its existence was detected</font>
+
+139
+00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:16,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in 1970 physicists Vera Rubin and Kent</font>
+
+140
+00:06:13,380 --> 00:06:18,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ford mapped the sprawling spiral arms of</font>
+
+141
+00:06:16,139 --> 00:06:21,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies by</font>
+
+142
+00:06:18,900 --> 00:06:23,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plotting the velocities of each's stars</font>
+
+143
+00:06:21,479 --> 00:06:26,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as they orbited their respective Galaxy</font>
+
+144
+00:06:23,460 --> 00:06:28,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cores with particular interest in those</font>
+
+145
+00:06:26,580 --> 00:06:31,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stars on the outskirts of the two</font>
+
+146
+00:06:28,620 --> 00:06:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galaxies where gravity should be much</font>
+
+147
+00:06:31,020 --> 00:06:35,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weaker</font>
+
+148
+00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:38,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Newton's laws of gravity tell us that</font>
+
+149
+00:06:35,699 --> 00:06:40,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its strength decays proportionally with</font>
+
+150
+00:06:38,100 --> 00:06:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distance from an object exerting an</font>
+
+151
+00:06:40,380 --> 00:06:44,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influence</font>
+
+152
+00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:46,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so ordinarily stars on the outside</font>
+
+153
+00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:49,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of a galaxy should be orbiting slower</font>
+
+154
+00:06:46,740 --> 00:06:52,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than those on the inside nearer the core</font>
+
+155
+00:06:49,380 --> 00:06:54,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our solar system exhibits this pattern</font>
+
+156
+00:06:52,020 --> 00:06:55,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of behavior with its planets around the</font>
+
+157
+00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sun</font>
+
+158
+00:06:55,860 --> 00:07:01,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but instead Rubin and Ford found that</font>
+
+159
+00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:03,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stars on the outskirts of both galaxies</font>
+
+160
+00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seem to orbit at the same speeds as</font>
+
+161
+00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:08,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those Stars further in some even faster</font>
+
+162
+00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:10,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fact</font>
+
+163
+00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:13,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but this should mean that both galaxies</font>
+
+164
+00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:16,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ejected their stars and flung themselves</font>
+
+165
+00:07:13,319 --> 00:07:17,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of existence long ago if their cores</font>
+
+166
+00:07:16,259 --> 00:07:19,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were the only thing binding their</font>
+
+167
+00:07:17,819 --> 00:07:22,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">structure</font>
+
+168
+00:07:19,620 --> 00:07:24,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assuming Newton's Laws actually apply to</font>
+
+169
+00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:27,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galaxies the fact that the Milky Way</font>
+
+170
+00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:29,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Andromeda and many other spiral galaxies</font>
+
+171
+00:07:27,479 --> 00:07:32,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have spun at these speeds and remained</font>
+
+172
+00:07:29,819 --> 00:07:33,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bound for billions of years suggests</font>
+
+173
+00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that there is another source of</font>
+
+174
+00:07:33,780 --> 00:07:37,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">load-bearing Mass enabling their</font>
+
+175
+00:07:35,819 --> 00:07:40,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">structure</font>
+
+176
+00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:44,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">once again we had stumbled upon indirect</font>
+
+177
+00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:47,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evidence of missing invisible Mass</font>
+
+178
+00:07:44,639 --> 00:07:50,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the work of Rubin Ford and many others</font>
+
+179
+00:07:47,340 --> 00:07:53,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">culminated in an influential 1983 paper</font>
+
+180
+00:07:50,759 --> 00:07:55,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discussing the missing Mass problem with</font>
+
+181
+00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:58,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a focus on Galaxy rotation</font>
+
+182
+00:07:55,919 --> 00:08:00,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it's predicted that this hidden Mass</font>
+
+183
+00:07:58,319 --> 00:08:04,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">must far outweigh visible matter in the</font>
+
+184
+00:08:00,840 --> 00:08:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe by a ratio of six to one an</font>
+
+185
+00:08:04,379 --> 00:08:09,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">estimate we still go by to this day</font>
+
+186
+00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:13,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this means that whatever the missing</font>
+
+187
+00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:15,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mass is it must account for more than 85</font>
+
+188
+00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:18,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">percent of the universe's matter</font>
+
+189
+00:08:15,780 --> 00:08:21,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">despite being in a form that renders it</font>
+
+190
+00:08:18,300 --> 00:08:21,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">completely invisible</font>
+
+191
+00:08:23,220 --> 00:08:28,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fast forward another 40 odd years and</font>
+
+192
+00:08:26,039 --> 00:08:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're still not much closer to seeing</font>
+
+193
+00:08:28,199 --> 00:08:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Dark Matter particle every effort so</font>
+
+194
+00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:36,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">far has proven largely unsuccessful but</font>
+
+195
+00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:39,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scientists have only become more certain</font>
+
+196
+00:08:36,479 --> 00:08:42,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of its existence during that time due to</font>
+
+197
+00:08:39,719 --> 00:08:44,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the number of emerging indirect lines of</font>
+
+198
+00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:46,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evidence</font>
+
+199
+00:08:44,339 --> 00:08:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as mentioned we can infer the presence</font>
+
+200
+00:08:46,620 --> 00:08:50,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Dark Matter due to its gravitational</font>
+
+201
+00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:51,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influence on the visible matter</font>
+
+202
+00:08:50,459 --> 00:08:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surrounding it</font>
+
+203
+00:08:51,899 --> 00:08:56,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which creates a number of indirect</font>
+
+204
+00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:59,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">effects which can be used to constrain</font>
+
+205
+00:08:56,459 --> 00:09:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certain properties</font>
+
+206
+00:08:59,399 --> 00:09:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this understanding is applied in the</font>
+
+207
+00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:07,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lambda cold Dark Matter model of</font>
+
+208
+00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:09,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cosmology or Lambda CDM</font>
+
+209
+00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">currently it is our most complete</font>
+
+210
+00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well-regarded and widely accepted</font>
+
+211
+00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:17,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scientific description of the universe</font>
+
+212
+00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and constitutes the science you find in</font>
+
+213
+00:09:17,519 --> 00:09:22,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">textbooks</font>
+
+214
+00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:24,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it ties together a number of different</font>
+
+215
+00:09:22,140 --> 00:09:27,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">theories and Frameworks</font>
+
+216
+00:09:24,300 --> 00:09:29,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as the Big Bang general relativity</font>
+
+217
+00:09:27,060 --> 00:09:31,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the standard model of particle</font>
+
+218
+00:09:29,100 --> 00:09:33,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">physics into one comprehensive complete</font>
+
+219
+00:09:31,980 --> 00:09:35,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Theory</font>
+
+220
+00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:37,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's not without its gaps but it is</font>
+
+221
+00:09:35,700 --> 00:09:40,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nonetheless the best model we have for</font>
+
+222
+00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:42,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concurrently explaining many of the</font>
+
+223
+00:09:40,019 --> 00:09:44,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's properties under the same</font>
+
+224
+00:09:42,060 --> 00:09:47,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">umbrella</font>
+
+225
+00:09:44,399 --> 00:09:49,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Lambda CDM holds dark matter as one</font>
+
+226
+00:09:47,279 --> 00:09:51,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of its key Concepts</font>
+
+227
+00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:54,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">describing it to Encompass around 85</font>
+
+228
+00:09:51,839 --> 00:09:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">percent of all the universe's mass and</font>
+
+229
+00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:59,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just under a third of all the stuff in</font>
+
+230
+00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existence</font>
+
+231
+00:09:59,100 --> 00:10:04,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it describes the particle as being cold</font>
+
+232
+00:10:01,680 --> 00:10:06,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but this notion of temperature actually</font>
+
+233
+00:10:04,140 --> 00:10:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">refers to the amount of energy the dark</font>
+
+234
+00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter has</font>
+
+235
+00:10:07,920 --> 00:10:13,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example hot Dark Matter would mean</font>
+
+236
+00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:16,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energetic Dark Matter capable of</font>
+
+237
+00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:19,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">streaming at high even relativistic</font>
+
+238
+00:10:16,500 --> 00:10:19,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">velocities</font>
+
+239
+00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:23,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this would give the Dark Matter</font>
+
+240
+00:10:20,820 --> 00:10:25,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles a large free streaming length</font>
+
+241
+00:10:23,399 --> 00:10:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with profoundly different implications</font>
+
+242
+00:10:25,860 --> 00:10:32,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the Galaxy clusters of the universe</font>
+
+243
+00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:34,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if Dark Matter were hot then the</font>
+
+244
+00:10:32,579 --> 00:10:37,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's early ocean of particles</font>
+
+245
+00:10:34,860 --> 00:10:39,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would have given rise to colossal</font>
+
+246
+00:10:37,019 --> 00:10:41,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Intergalactic structures early on which</font>
+
+247
+00:10:39,839 --> 00:10:43,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">separated into smaller clusters over</font>
+
+248
+00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time</font>
+
+249
+00:10:43,079 --> 00:10:47,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a top-down approach to building a</font>
+
+250
+00:10:45,540 --> 00:10:49,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe</font>
+
+251
+00:10:47,399 --> 00:10:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but our observations of the deep</font>
+
+252
+00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:53,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Universe dispute this</font>
+
+253
+00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the earliest galaxies were small</font>
+
+254
+00:10:53,519 --> 00:11:00,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">immature ones with larger galaxies and</font>
+
+255
+00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:00,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then clusters coming later on</font>
+
+256
+00:11:00,779 --> 00:11:07,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thus the universe's Dark Matter cannot</font>
+
+257
+00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be hot and must instead be cold with a</font>
+
+258
+00:11:07,019 --> 00:11:11,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">low free streaming length which is</font>
+
+259
+00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:14,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore slow moving a trait which</font>
+
+260
+00:11:11,579 --> 00:11:17,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">favors a bottom-up approach to sculpting</font>
+
+261
+00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:21,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the cosmos starting with the subatomic</font>
+
+262
+00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:21,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles created by the Big Bang</font>
+
+263
+00:11:21,839 --> 00:11:28,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Lambda CDM holds the Big Bang at the</font>
+
+264
+00:11:25,079 --> 00:11:30,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">center of its assertions the theory that</font>
+
+265
+00:11:28,019 --> 00:11:32,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Universe began from a small</font>
+
+266
+00:11:30,019 --> 00:11:36,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">singularity-like point of infinite heat</font>
+
+267
+00:11:32,579 --> 00:11:39,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around 13.8 billion years ago</font>
+
+268
+00:11:36,180 --> 00:11:40,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for an unknown reason this point began</font>
+
+269
+00:11:39,060 --> 00:11:42,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to expand</font>
+
+270
+00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:46,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it suddenly finite's temperature has</font>
+
+271
+00:11:42,959 --> 00:11:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been falling ever since</font>
+
+272
+00:11:46,019 --> 00:11:51,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the contents of the universe was able</font>
+
+273
+00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:53,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to breathe for the first time things</font>
+
+274
+00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">started to happen and in the 20 minutes</font>
+
+275
+00:11:53,940 --> 00:12:00,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that followed the birth of the universe</font>
+
+276
+00:11:56,240 --> 00:12:02,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">subatomic Elementary particles condensed</font>
+
+277
+00:12:00,779 --> 00:12:04,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter is thought to have been</font>
+
+278
+00:12:02,820 --> 00:12:07,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">among these primordial Elementary</font>
+
+279
+00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles but its role in the events of</font>
+
+280
+00:12:07,680 --> 00:12:12,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the very early universe is unclear</font>
+
+281
+00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:15,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but what we do know is that for about</font>
+
+282
+00:12:12,959 --> 00:12:19,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">380 000 years after the universe was</font>
+
+283
+00:12:15,959 --> 00:12:22,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">born its baryonic visible contents</font>
+
+284
+00:12:19,019 --> 00:12:24,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existed in a plasma State an enormous</font>
+
+285
+00:12:22,279 --> 00:12:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energized omnipresent ocean of</font>
+
+286
+00:12:24,959 --> 00:12:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intertwined particles</font>
+
+287
+00:12:27,240 --> 00:12:31,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at temperatures this High particles of</font>
+
+288
+00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:35,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">both light and matter would have been</font>
+
+289
+00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:37,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting as photons struck bounced</font>
+
+290
+00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:39,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off of and were absorbed by ionized</font>
+
+291
+00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:42,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Atomic nuclei</font>
+
+292
+00:12:39,779 --> 00:12:44,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this in turn would have accelerated the</font>
+
+293
+00:12:42,839 --> 00:12:47,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mata particles to relativistic</font>
+
+294
+00:12:44,820 --> 00:12:48,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">velocities giving them a large free</font>
+
+295
+00:12:47,100 --> 00:12:51,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">streaming length</font>
+
+296
+00:12:48,839 --> 00:12:53,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this would have washed out any density</font>
+
+297
+00:12:51,060 --> 00:12:55,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fluctuations in the homogeneous plasma</font>
+
+298
+00:12:53,579 --> 00:12:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up until it turned to atoms during the</font>
+
+299
+00:12:55,980 --> 00:13:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">epoch of recombination</font>
+
+300
+00:12:58,680 --> 00:13:03,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">once the plasma ocean fell below the</font>
+
+301
+00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:06,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">3000 Kelvin threshold needed to maintain</font>
+
+302
+00:13:03,779 --> 00:13:09,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its state it was harvested all over the</font>
+
+303
+00:13:06,959 --> 00:13:11,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe to create the first neutral</font>
+
+304
+00:13:09,180 --> 00:13:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hydrogen and helium atoms</font>
+
+305
+00:13:11,700 --> 00:13:16,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as electrons latched onto exposed Atomic</font>
+
+306
+00:13:14,760 --> 00:13:19,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nuclei</font>
+
+307
+00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:21,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but if not for dark matter these atoms</font>
+
+308
+00:13:19,560 --> 00:13:24,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would have been spread totally smoothly</font>
+
+309
+00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:25,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">across space with no mass density</font>
+
+310
+00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:28,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perturbances</font>
+
+311
+00:13:25,980 --> 00:13:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however we do see evidence of</font>
+
+312
+00:13:28,260 --> 00:13:34,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perturbances in both the CMB and the</font>
+
+313
+00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:36,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arrangement of galaxies</font>
+
+314
+00:13:34,380 --> 00:13:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is because Dark Matter had already begun</font>
+
+315
+00:13:36,899 --> 00:13:42,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting gravitationally long before</font>
+
+316
+00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:44,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recombination and thus the distribution</font>
+
+317
+00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:47,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of atoms mimicked the distribution of</font>
+
+318
+00:13:44,699 --> 00:13:50,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter at that moment</font>
+
+319
+00:13:47,820 --> 00:13:52,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this resulted in some areas of space</font>
+
+320
+00:13:50,399 --> 00:13:55,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with greater concentrations of atoms</font>
+
+321
+00:13:52,860 --> 00:13:58,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better suited to the buildup of the</font>
+
+322
+00:13:55,139 --> 00:14:01,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's first star-forming gas</font>
+
+323
+00:13:58,860 --> 00:14:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and So within only about 200 million</font>
+
+324
+00:14:01,620 --> 00:14:06,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years or so the first stars ignited from</font>
+
+325
+00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:09,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this primordial hydrogen gas</font>
+
+326
+00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:13,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Illuminating the dark cavernous Cosmos</font>
+
+327
+00:14:09,540 --> 00:14:13,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">left behind by recombination</font>
+
+328
+00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:21,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during the 200 million years of Darkness</font>
+
+329
+00:14:19,139 --> 00:14:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that preceded the first Stars the</font>
+
+330
+00:14:21,839 --> 00:14:25,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's primordial Dark Matter</font>
+
+331
+00:14:23,519 --> 00:14:27,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles would have continued</font>
+
+332
+00:14:25,199 --> 00:14:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting gravitationally condensing</font>
+
+333
+00:14:27,959 --> 00:14:33,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to form the first Dark Matter structures</font>
+
+334
+00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:35,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much sooner than the Stars themselves</font>
+
+335
+00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:38,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in addition to its head start on</font>
+
+336
+00:14:35,760 --> 00:14:40,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recombination dark matter is believed to</font>
+
+337
+00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:43,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">condense much faster than baryonic</font>
+
+338
+00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:46,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter as its electromagnetic neutrality</font>
+
+339
+00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:49,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">means it is not slowed down by the</font>
+
+340
+00:14:46,139 --> 00:14:52,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">radiation pressure of photons</font>
+
+341
+00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however this also probably means that</font>
+
+342
+00:14:52,019 --> 00:14:56,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Dark Matter particle lacks the full</font>
+
+343
+00:14:54,240 --> 00:15:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">range of interactions necessary to</font>
+
+344
+00:14:56,519 --> 00:15:04,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">condense into coherent solid bodies</font>
+
+345
+00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:07,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">normal matter like stars and gas loses</font>
+
+346
+00:15:04,019 --> 00:15:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energy as it condenses as atoms feel</font>
+
+347
+00:15:07,079 --> 00:15:13,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drag force and Photon pressure</font>
+
+348
+00:15:10,320 --> 00:15:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this lost energy manifests as reduced</font>
+
+349
+00:15:13,260 --> 00:15:18,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">momentum which would otherwise maintain</font>
+
+350
+00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:20,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the distance between atoms</font>
+
+351
+00:15:18,300 --> 00:15:22,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but instead they draw nearer and nearer</font>
+
+352
+00:15:20,940 --> 00:15:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">until they undergo a gravitational</font>
+
+353
+00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:27,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">collapse</font>
+
+354
+00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dark Matter on the other hand lacks an</font>
+
+355
+00:15:27,660 --> 00:15:32,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">efficient means to lose this energy</font>
+
+356
+00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so is probably not capable of</font>
+
+357
+00:15:32,279 --> 00:15:36,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">collapsing with other Dark Matter</font>
+
+358
+00:15:33,839 --> 00:15:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles</font>
+
+359
+00:15:36,060 --> 00:15:41,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so while Dark Matter did concentrate</font>
+
+360
+00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:44,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">faster than atoms during the Dark Ages</font>
+
+361
+00:15:41,519 --> 00:15:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it stops short of forming any solid</font>
+
+362
+00:15:44,339 --> 00:15:49,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">structures like dark matter planets or</font>
+
+363
+00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:52,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter Stars</font>
+
+364
+00:15:49,139 --> 00:15:55,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and instead collected into a sponge-like</font>
+
+365
+00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:58,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">network of enormous but diffuse Dark</font>
+
+366
+00:15:55,139 --> 00:16:01,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Matter branches or filaments which lined</font>
+
+367
+00:15:58,860 --> 00:16:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the entire universe</font>
+
+368
+00:16:01,500 --> 00:16:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these dark matter filaments still exist</font>
+
+369
+00:16:03,959 --> 00:16:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">today linking up to form the largest</font>
+
+370
+00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:13,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thing in existence the skeleton of the</font>
+
+371
+00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:17,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe upon which all galaxies reside</font>
+
+372
+00:16:13,259 --> 00:16:17,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">today the cosmic web</font>
+
+373
+00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:23,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the massive arms of this dark matter</font>
+
+374
+00:16:20,940 --> 00:16:25,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">structure Amplified the density</font>
+
+375
+00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:28,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">disparities of the early Universe by</font>
+
+376
+00:16:25,800 --> 00:16:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acting as a gravitational well</font>
+
+377
+00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:33,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">star forming gas accrued along these</font>
+
+378
+00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:36,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">filaments much faster than would have</font>
+
+379
+00:16:33,899 --> 00:16:37,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been possible given the gravity of the</font>
+
+380
+00:16:36,060 --> 00:16:40,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gas alone</font>
+
+381
+00:16:37,740 --> 00:16:42,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and because the universe's baryonic</font>
+
+382
+00:16:40,019 --> 00:16:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contents exists almost exclusively along</font>
+
+383
+00:16:42,959 --> 00:16:48,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these branches we can think of the</font>
+
+384
+00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:51,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">universe's galaxies as the skin to its</font>
+
+385
+00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:51,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">underlying Dark Matter skeleton</font>
+
+386
+00:16:52,980 --> 00:16:58,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">after the cosmic web formed the Dark</font>
+
+387
+00:16:55,980 --> 00:17:01,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Matter contained within continued to</font>
+
+388
+00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:04,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">condense Contracting into smaller more</font>
+
+389
+00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:07,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compact but still relatively diffuse</font>
+
+390
+00:17:04,079 --> 00:17:10,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bubbles or halos</font>
+
+391
+00:17:07,619 --> 00:17:11,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these Halos are thought to have acted as</font>
+
+392
+00:17:10,199 --> 00:17:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the spawning grounds for the first</font>
+
+393
+00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:16,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galaxies as baryonic matter concentrated</font>
+
+394
+00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:19,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">within their cause</font>
+
+395
+00:17:16,740 --> 00:17:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this led to the rapid accumulation of</font>
+
+396
+00:17:19,260 --> 00:17:23,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stars and gas into the first</font>
+
+397
+00:17:20,880 --> 00:17:25,859
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravitationally bound dwarf galaxies</font>
+
+398
+00:17:23,099 --> 00:17:28,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only a hundred million years after the</font>
+
+399
+00:17:25,859 --> 00:17:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cosmic Dawn</font>
+
+400
+00:17:28,079 --> 00:17:32,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it is the gravity of these Halos</font>
+
+401
+00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is thought to enable the</font>
+
+402
+00:17:32,580 --> 00:17:38,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anomalously fast Galaxy rotation</font>
+
+403
+00:17:34,799 --> 00:17:40,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">observed by Vera Rubin</font>
+
+404
+00:17:38,039 --> 00:17:43,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While most galaxies lie at the center of</font>
+
+405
+00:17:40,860 --> 00:17:45,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of these dark matter Halos their</font>
+
+406
+00:17:43,260 --> 00:17:48,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outer rims are believed to act as a</font>
+
+407
+00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravitational wall which binds galaxies</font>
+
+408
+00:17:48,179 --> 00:17:53,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">together from the outside which would</font>
+
+409
+00:17:50,640 --> 00:17:55,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explain why fast moving outlying stars</font>
+
+410
+00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:58,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are not ejected</font>
+
+411
+00:17:55,740 --> 00:18:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it also suggests that the majority of</font>
+
+412
+00:17:58,380 --> 00:18:03,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">binding work in a galaxy is done by</font>
+
+413
+00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:08,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these dark matter Halos and not by the</font>
+
+414
+00:18:03,660 --> 00:18:08,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nucleus of the Galaxy as we once thought</font>
+
+415
+00:18:10,260 --> 00:18:14,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around half a billion years after the</font>
+
+416
+00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:15,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first galaxies took shape they were</font>
+
+417
+00:18:14,820 --> 00:18:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">merging</font>
+
+418
+00:18:15,780 --> 00:18:20,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attracting their near neighbors and</font>
+
+419
+00:18:17,880 --> 00:18:22,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">combining Their Stars Central black</font>
+
+420
+00:18:20,100 --> 00:18:24,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">holes and probably their Dark Matter</font>
+
+421
+00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:27,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">halos</font>
+
+422
+00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:30,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in the 13 billion years since these</font>
+
+423
+00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:32,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxies have continued to grow and have</font>
+
+424
+00:18:30,120 --> 00:18:34,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">linked up with other galaxies along</font>
+
+425
+00:18:32,039 --> 00:18:37,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their Dark Matter filaments propagating</font>
+
+426
+00:18:34,860 --> 00:18:40,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as huge Galaxy clusters spanning</font>
+
+427
+00:18:37,500 --> 00:18:40,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">millions of light years</font>
+
+428
+00:18:40,799 --> 00:18:46,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">none of this the Dynamics of Galaxy</font>
+
+429
+00:18:43,740 --> 00:18:49,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clusters the rotations of the Milky Way</font>
+
+430
+00:18:46,620 --> 00:18:52,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and other spiral galaxies nor the</font>
+
+431
+00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:54,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distribution patterns we see on the CMB</font>
+
+432
+00:18:52,020 --> 00:18:58,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would have been possible without dark</font>
+
+433
+00:18:54,360 --> 00:19:01,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter as described by the Lambda CDM</font>
+
+434
+00:18:58,799 --> 00:19:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where it's not for the cold heavy dark</font>
+
+435
+00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:06,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter particles shifting around in the</font>
+
+436
+00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:08,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">early universe density gradients of the</font>
+
+437
+00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:09,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scale we see just wouldn't have been</font>
+
+438
+00:19:08,820 --> 00:19:11,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">possible</font>
+
+439
+00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the University's contents would have</font>
+
+440
+00:19:11,700 --> 00:19:16,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been homogeneous until recombination</font>
+
+441
+00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and its atoms would have slowly</font>
+
+442
+00:19:16,559 --> 00:19:22,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">condensed into completely randomly</font>
+
+443
+00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distributed galaxies</font>
+
+444
+00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but instead we see a Universe</font>
+
+445
+00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:30,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">partitioned by its skeleton a backbone</font>
+
+446
+00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:34,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of mass which enables interactions on</font>
+
+447
+00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:34,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">macro Universal scales</font>
+
+448
+00:19:35,220 --> 00:19:40,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and though we've never seen this</font>
+
+449
+00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:42,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">skeleton directly we can observe its</font>
+
+450
+00:19:40,559 --> 00:19:45,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">effects as it influences the Clusters</font>
+
+451
+00:19:42,900 --> 00:19:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that line it today</font>
+
+452
+00:19:45,179 --> 00:19:51,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fact Galaxy clusters are the ideal</font>
+
+453
+00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:53,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">environment to search for dark matter as</font>
+
+454
+00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:55,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can infer its presence via three</font>
+
+455
+00:19:53,460 --> 00:19:58,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">separate means</font>
+
+456
+00:19:55,500 --> 00:20:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one from the velocity distributions and</font>
+
+457
+00:19:58,260 --> 00:20:04,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">motions of its galaxies two from the</font>
+
+458
+00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cluster's X-ray spectrum and three from</font>
+
+459
+00:20:04,679 --> 00:20:10,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the warping effect a cluster's mass has</font>
+
+460
+00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:12,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on lights passing through it</font>
+
+461
+00:20:10,380 --> 00:20:14,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the best examples for all three of these</font>
+
+462
+00:20:12,900 --> 00:20:17,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lines of evidence can be found in the</font>
+
+463
+00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:19,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bullet cluster of galaxies located three</font>
+
+464
+00:20:17,940 --> 00:20:22,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">billion light years away in the</font>
+
+465
+00:20:19,620 --> 00:20:22,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">constellation of Karina</font>
+
+466
+00:20:25,260 --> 00:20:29,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this peculiar Galactic structure is</font>
+
+467
+00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:32,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actually the product of two Galaxy</font>
+
+468
+00:20:29,940 --> 00:20:35,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clusters in the aftermath of a collision</font>
+
+469
+00:20:32,460 --> 00:20:37,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that took place around 150 million years</font>
+
+470
+00:20:35,220 --> 00:20:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ago</font>
+
+471
+00:20:37,140 --> 00:20:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the smaller subcluster appears to be</font>
+
+472
+00:20:39,720 --> 00:20:44,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">moving away from the larger cluster</font>
+
+473
+00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surrounded by a prominent bow of shock</font>
+
+474
+00:20:44,539 --> 00:20:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggesting an info and pass-through</font>
+
+475
+00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:52,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is what is referred to by the</font>
+
+476
+00:20:49,919 --> 00:20:52,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bullets part</font>
+
+477
+00:20:53,220 --> 00:20:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the structure speed and scale of</font>
+
+478
+00:20:55,919 --> 00:20:59,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interactions within this cluster cannot</font>
+
+479
+00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be explained by the mass of its</font>
+
+480
+00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:04,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">constituent galaxies alone not least</font>
+
+481
+00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:07,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because the cluster's gravitational</font>
+
+482
+00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:09,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">focal point appears offset from the</font>
+
+483
+00:21:07,260 --> 00:21:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centroid of its galaxies</font>
+
+484
+00:21:09,780 --> 00:21:14,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dark Matter theorists have an easy time</font>
+
+485
+00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:16,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explaining this discrepancy whereas</font>
+
+486
+00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:18,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alternative theories struggle</font>
+
+487
+00:21:16,790 --> 00:21:20,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+488
+00:21:18,179 --> 00:21:22,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then you have the cluster's X-ray</font>
+
+489
+00:21:20,100 --> 00:21:25,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spectrum and just as the gravitational</font>
+
+490
+00:21:22,559 --> 00:21:28,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">focal point is offset from the Galaxy's</font>
+
+491
+00:21:25,140 --> 00:21:31,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Center so too is its x-ray Peak</font>
+
+492
+00:21:28,740 --> 00:21:33,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bullet cluster is one of the hottest</font>
+
+493
+00:21:31,260 --> 00:21:36,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and most x-ray luminous clusters we know</font>
+
+494
+00:21:33,659 --> 00:21:40,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of and its emissions profile also cannot</font>
+
+495
+00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:43,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be explained by baryonic gravity alone</font>
+
+496
+00:21:40,799 --> 00:21:45,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these x-ray signatures are caused by gas</font>
+
+497
+00:21:43,559 --> 00:21:47,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">within the two clusters which is</font>
+
+498
+00:21:45,539 --> 00:21:50,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becoming heated and energized by the</font>
+
+499
+00:21:47,940 --> 00:21:52,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drag force of gravitational influences</font>
+
+500
+00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:54,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as it migrates</font>
+
+501
+00:21:52,500 --> 00:21:56,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the bullet clusters Spectrum</font>
+
+502
+00:21:54,419 --> 00:21:59,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggests its gas is under much more of</font>
+
+503
+00:21:56,940 --> 00:22:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an influence than could be exerted by</font>
+
+504
+00:21:59,100 --> 00:22:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its galaxies</font>
+
+505
+00:22:00,600 --> 00:22:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the X-ray emissions are unusually</font>
+
+506
+00:22:03,120 --> 00:22:08,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prominent and also slow moving which</font>
+
+507
+00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:10,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">implies that they are under a lot of</font>
+
+508
+00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:13,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drag pressure from a gravitational</font>
+
+509
+00:22:10,620 --> 00:22:16,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influence that is not nearly explainable</font>
+
+510
+00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:18,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by the galaxies themselves</font>
+
+511
+00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:20,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these x-ray emissions gave us our</font>
+
+512
+00:22:18,659 --> 00:22:23,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strongest indications yet of the</font>
+
+513
+00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:25,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existence of dark matter in the bullet</font>
+
+514
+00:22:23,039 --> 00:22:30,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cluster when they were detected by</font>
+
+515
+00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:30,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">NASA's Chandra telescope in 2007.</font>
+
+516
+00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:35,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the years since we have observed our</font>
+
+517
+00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:38,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">third line of evidence for dark matter</font>
+
+518
+00:22:35,700 --> 00:22:40,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this cluster as well gravitational</font>
+
+519
+00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:43,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lensing</font>
+
+520
+00:22:40,380 --> 00:22:46,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this phenomenon occurs when space-time</font>
+
+521
+00:22:43,020 --> 00:22:49,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as described by Einstein is curved by</font>
+
+522
+00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:52,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the presence of large volumes of mass</font>
+
+523
+00:22:49,679 --> 00:22:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this causes any photons of light passing</font>
+
+524
+00:22:52,380 --> 00:22:56,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by that object to have their straight</font>
+
+525
+00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paths curved as they stream through</font>
+
+526
+00:22:56,580 --> 00:23:00,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">warped space-time</font>
+
+527
+00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:03,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then when these photons reach the Earth</font>
+
+528
+00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:05,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and are detected the light arrives</font>
+
+529
+00:23:03,299 --> 00:23:09,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distorted in the shape of a lens around</font>
+
+530
+00:23:05,820 --> 00:23:12,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whatever is exerting the influence</font>
+
+531
+00:23:09,659 --> 00:23:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this effect was recently pictured in the</font>
+
+532
+00:23:12,299 --> 00:23:16,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">James Webb telescope's first ever image</font>
+
+533
+00:23:14,520 --> 00:23:19,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the</font>
+
+534
+00:23:16,460 --> 00:23:22,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smacs-0723 cluster</font>
+
+535
+00:23:19,500 --> 00:23:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the thing is sometimes we see light</font>
+
+536
+00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:26,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passing through the supposedly empty</font>
+
+537
+00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:29,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space in Galaxy clusters which still</font>
+
+538
+00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:31,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arrives lensed in a way that cannot be</font>
+
+539
+00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explained by the gravity of galaxies</font>
+
+540
+00:23:31,679 --> 00:23:35,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alone</font>
+
+541
+00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:38,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the case of the bullet cluster</font>
+
+542
+00:23:35,659 --> 00:23:40,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lensing has been observed in two</font>
+
+543
+00:23:38,039 --> 00:23:43,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prominent regions independent of the</font>
+
+544
+00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:44,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centroid of galaxies</font>
+
+545
+00:23:43,020 --> 00:23:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this gave us yet another strong</font>
+
+546
+00:23:44,940 --> 00:23:50,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indication of the existence of invisible</font>
+
+547
+00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:53,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">missing Mass within the bullet cluster</font>
+
+548
+00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:56,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and by surveying other Galaxy clusters</font>
+
+549
+00:23:53,039 --> 00:23:58,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for similar lensing effects we can get a</font>
+
+550
+00:23:56,279 --> 00:24:03,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">practical sense of the distribution of</font>
+
+551
+00:23:58,559 --> 00:24:03,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter in space creating this image</font>
+
+552
+00:24:03,840 --> 00:24:09,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it shows a distribution that is broadly</font>
+
+553
+00:24:06,299 --> 00:24:11,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">similar to the anisotropies of the CMB</font>
+
+554
+00:24:09,539 --> 00:24:14,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thus providing corroborating lines of</font>
+
+555
+00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:17,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evidence for dark Matter's existence as</font>
+
+556
+00:24:14,279 --> 00:24:17,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we understand it</font>
+
+557
+00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so with all these indirect lines of</font>
+
+558
+00:24:26,460 --> 00:24:32,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evidence considered what properties can</font>
+
+559
+00:24:29,279 --> 00:24:34,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we actually deduce about the form of the</font>
+
+560
+00:24:32,100 --> 00:24:37,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dark Matter particle</font>
+
+561
+00:24:34,740 --> 00:24:40,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well as mentioned scientists believe it</font>
+
+562
+00:24:37,799 --> 00:24:43,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be a new kind of elementary particle</font>
+
+563
+00:24:40,860 --> 00:24:46,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is one which cannot be broken down</font>
+
+564
+00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:49,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into any further substructures like a</font>
+
+565
+00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:51,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quark but much heavier</font>
+
+566
+00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:54,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the abundance of Dark Matter mass and</font>
+
+567
+00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:57,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its apparent distribution suggests a</font>
+
+568
+00:24:54,419 --> 00:25:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">large heavy non-relativistic particle</font>
+
+569
+00:24:57,419 --> 00:25:02,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a mass 10 to 100 times greater than</font>
+
+570
+00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:05,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a proton</font>
+
+571
+00:25:02,580 --> 00:25:08,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and though this neutral particle doesn't</font>
+
+572
+00:25:05,220 --> 00:25:10,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appear to interact with light scientists</font>
+
+573
+00:25:08,279 --> 00:25:13,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">believe that it should have some level</font>
+
+574
+00:25:10,260 --> 00:25:15,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of interaction with ordinary matter</font>
+
+575
+00:25:13,140 --> 00:25:17,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just a very negligible rate of</font>
+
+576
+00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:21,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interaction far too subtle for us to</font>
+
+577
+00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:21,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detect with current technology</font>
+
+578
+00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:26,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the placeholder name we give to this</font>
+
+579
+00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:29,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">elusive particle is the weekly</font>
+
+580
+00:25:26,100 --> 00:25:31,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interacting massive particle or wimp</font>
+
+581
+00:25:29,940 --> 00:25:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it is these wimps that are the</font>
+
+582
+00:25:31,980 --> 00:25:36,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">target of our Relentless search for dark</font>
+
+583
+00:25:34,440 --> 00:25:36,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter</font>
+
+584
+00:25:38,159 --> 00:25:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if dark matter really functions as we</font>
+
+585
+00:25:40,919 --> 00:25:45,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">understand it whereby galaxies form</font>
+
+586
+00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:48,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">within the most Dark Matter dense areas</font>
+
+587
+00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:51,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then we should be residing within an</font>
+
+588
+00:25:48,179 --> 00:25:54,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">area of enhanced dark matter right now</font>
+
+589
+00:25:51,900 --> 00:25:56,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as such there should be trillions upon</font>
+
+590
+00:25:54,659 --> 00:25:58,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trillions of these invisible particles</font>
+
+591
+00:25:56,700 --> 00:26:01,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">streaming through all parts of Earth</font>
+
+592
+00:25:58,620 --> 00:26:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every single second</font>
+
+593
+00:26:01,140 --> 00:26:05,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hinged on the assumption that these</font>
+
+594
+00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:08,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles do weakly interact with normal</font>
+
+595
+00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:10,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter to some degree our experiments so</font>
+
+596
+00:26:08,340 --> 00:26:13,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">far have aimed to isolate the precise</font>
+
+597
+00:26:10,799 --> 00:26:14,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rare set of circumstances under which</font>
+
+598
+00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this might happen</font>
+
+599
+00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:20,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but most of the time we are limited to</font>
+
+600
+00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:23,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detecting indirect evidence</font>
+
+601
+00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:25,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a direct detection of Dark Matter would</font>
+
+602
+00:26:23,820 --> 00:26:28,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">involve detecting the energy released by</font>
+
+603
+00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:31,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a wimp as it collides with an atom</font>
+
+604
+00:26:28,679 --> 00:26:34,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as it strikes the nucleus this may cause</font>
+
+605
+00:26:31,500 --> 00:26:36,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a recoil which releases energy in the</font>
+
+606
+00:26:34,260 --> 00:26:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">form of either scintillation light or</font>
+
+607
+00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excitations within a crystal</font>
+
+608
+00:26:40,380 --> 00:26:45,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detects scintillation light direct</font>
+
+609
+00:26:42,779 --> 00:26:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detection experiments use Noble liquids</font>
+
+610
+00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:53,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like Xenon and Argan</font>
+
+611
+00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:59,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">examples include Xenon Lux deep warp</font>
+
+612
+00:26:53,580 --> 00:26:59,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dark Side Panda X and RDM</font>
+
+613
+00:26:59,460 --> 00:27:05,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in contrast other experiments seek to</font>
+
+614
+00:27:02,940 --> 00:27:08,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detect excitations within crystals using</font>
+
+615
+00:27:05,940 --> 00:27:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">elements like germanium</font>
+
+616
+00:27:08,279 --> 00:27:15,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">examples include super cdms Crest Eagle</font>
+
+617
+00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:17,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Vice and Eureka</font>
+
+618
+00:27:15,059 --> 00:27:19,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so far however neither type of</font>
+
+619
+00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:23,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experiment has yielded any sign of</font>
+
+620
+00:27:19,799 --> 00:27:23,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weekly interacting missing particles</font>
+
+621
+00:27:23,820 --> 00:27:28,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generally for a particle that doesn't</font>
+
+622
+00:27:26,100 --> 00:27:31,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">want to make itself known we are better</font>
+
+623
+00:27:28,559 --> 00:27:33,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off searching for indirect evidence</font>
+
+624
+00:27:31,380 --> 00:27:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">primarily because there are more Avenues</font>
+
+625
+00:27:33,659 --> 00:27:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can explore to achieve it</font>
+
+626
+00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can use existing particle collision</font>
+
+627
+00:27:39,120 --> 00:27:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experiments such as the Large Hadron</font>
+
+628
+00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Collider to try and create dark matter</font>
+
+629
+00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:50,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">while the products would immediately</font>
+
+630
+00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:52,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">escape the collider's environment we</font>
+
+631
+00:27:50,340 --> 00:27:54,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be able to indirectly infer</font>
+
+632
+00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:56,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">properties about the invisible matter</font>
+
+633
+00:27:54,299 --> 00:28:00,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">created based on the amount of energy</font>
+
+634
+00:27:56,700 --> 00:28:02,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">apparently missing from the exchange</font>
+
+635
+00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but that sounds a lot like expensive</font>
+
+636
+00:28:02,279 --> 00:28:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shadow chasing</font>
+
+637
+00:28:03,899 --> 00:28:07,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thankfully there are other indirect</font>
+
+638
+00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detection methods which are slightly</font>
+
+639
+00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:12,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more promising</font>
+
+640
+00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:14,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as known by the standard model all</font>
+
+641
+00:28:12,419 --> 00:28:17,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">particles have an equivalent</font>
+
+642
+00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anti-particle another particle with the</font>
+
+643
+00:28:17,039 --> 00:28:23,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">same mass but opposite electrical charge</font>
+
+644
+00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example the negatively charged</font>
+
+645
+00:28:23,220 --> 00:28:27,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electron has the positively charged</font>
+
+646
+00:28:25,320 --> 00:28:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">positron</font>
+
+647
+00:28:27,059 --> 00:28:31,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and when pairs of particle and</font>
+
+648
+00:28:29,159 --> 00:28:33,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anti-particle come together they latch</font>
+
+649
+00:28:31,559 --> 00:28:34,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">onto one another and cancel each other</font>
+
+650
+00:28:33,419 --> 00:28:37,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out</font>
+
+651
+00:28:34,559 --> 00:28:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she's known as an Annihilation and it</font>
+
+652
+00:28:37,020 --> 00:28:43,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">converts the masses of the two particles</font>
+
+653
+00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:43,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into high-energy gamma-ray photons</font>
+
+654
+00:28:43,799 --> 00:28:49,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unfortunately dark matter is thought to</font>
+
+655
+00:28:46,740 --> 00:28:51,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be neutral and so it won't have an</font>
+
+656
+00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:53,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">equivalent anti-dark matter particle</font>
+
+657
+00:28:51,659 --> 00:28:56,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pairing</font>
+
+658
+00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:58,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however if Dark Matter particles can act</font>
+
+659
+00:28:56,159 --> 00:29:00,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as their own annihilators then the</font>
+
+660
+00:28:58,740 --> 00:29:02,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">resulting interaction May produce</font>
+
+661
+00:29:00,539 --> 00:29:04,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">similar characteristic gamma-ray</font>
+
+662
+00:29:02,399 --> 00:29:07,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">emissions</font>
+
+663
+00:29:04,020 --> 00:29:09,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so gamma ray observatories both past</font>
+
+664
+00:29:07,500 --> 00:29:12,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and present have been used to search for</font>
+
+665
+00:29:09,899 --> 00:29:14,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these types of signals</font>
+
+666
+00:29:12,299 --> 00:29:17,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to have the best chance they probe the</font>
+
+667
+00:29:14,580 --> 00:29:19,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">heart of the Milky Way galaxy where the</font>
+
+668
+00:29:17,279 --> 00:29:22,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">highest localized concentrations of dark</font>
+
+669
+00:29:19,679 --> 00:29:24,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter are thought to exist</font>
+
+670
+00:29:22,140 --> 00:29:26,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but given the sheer number of potential</font>
+
+671
+00:29:24,539 --> 00:29:28,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gamma-ray emitting sources from within</font>
+
+672
+00:29:26,760 --> 00:29:31,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the galactic core</font>
+
+673
+00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:33,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">isolating one indicative of dark matter</font>
+
+674
+00:29:31,020 --> 00:29:35,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a needle within a cosmic Haystack of</font>
+
+675
+00:29:33,659 --> 00:29:37,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a task</font>
+
+676
+00:29:35,279 --> 00:29:40,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however there have been some candidate</font>
+
+677
+00:29:37,620 --> 00:29:43,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">signals proposed in particular the</font>
+
+678
+00:29:40,679 --> 00:29:46,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galactic center excess</font>
+
+679
+00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:49,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a persisting gamma-ray surplus emanating</font>
+
+680
+00:29:46,020 --> 00:29:52,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the Milky Way Central bulge</font>
+
+681
+00:29:49,860 --> 00:29:54,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the signal cannot be explained via any</font>
+
+682
+00:29:52,620 --> 00:29:55,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conventional gamma-ray emission</font>
+
+683
+00:29:54,299 --> 00:29:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">processes</font>
+
+684
+00:29:55,620 --> 00:30:00,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and given its position it has the</font>
+
+685
+00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:03,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">properties to make it a dark matter</font>
+
+686
+00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:05,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Annihilation candidate</font>
+
+687
+00:30:03,179 --> 00:30:08,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however the signal could also be the</font>
+
+688
+00:30:05,820 --> 00:30:10,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">result of an undefined class of Pulsar</font>
+
+689
+00:30:08,340 --> 00:30:13,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or magnetar and given their more</font>
+
+690
+00:30:10,919 --> 00:30:15,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grounded scientific Origins this</font>
+
+691
+00:30:13,559 --> 00:30:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explanation has to be viewed as more</font>
+
+692
+00:30:15,779 --> 00:30:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">likely</font>
+
+693
+00:30:19,380 --> 00:30:25,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we don't know whether dark matter is</font>
+
+694
+00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stable or unstable if it is unstable</font>
+
+695
+00:30:25,679 --> 00:30:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then it will have at least one final</font>
+
+696
+00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:34,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">state which the wimp can Decay into</font>
+
+697
+00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this final state may constitute a</font>
+
+698
+00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:39,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detectable particle known to the</font>
+
+699
+00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:42,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">standard model such as a positron</font>
+
+700
+00:30:39,779 --> 00:30:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this case signals containing excess</font>
+
+701
+00:30:42,899 --> 00:30:48,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">positrons could be indicative of Dark</font>
+
+702
+00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:51,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Matter interactions</font>
+
+703
+00:30:48,299 --> 00:30:53,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over the last decade a two billion</font>
+
+704
+00:30:51,299 --> 00:30:56,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dollar experiment mounted onto the</font>
+
+705
+00:30:53,399 --> 00:30:59,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">International Space Station known as the</font>
+
+706
+00:30:56,039 --> 00:31:01,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alpha magnetic spectrometer spotted a</font>
+
+707
+00:30:59,399 --> 00:31:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">series of signals like this which have</font>
+
+708
+00:31:01,380 --> 00:31:06,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been touted as dark matter Annihilation</font>
+
+709
+00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:08,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">candidates</font>
+
+710
+00:31:06,059 --> 00:31:12,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the AMS instrument is designed to sample</font>
+
+711
+00:31:08,940 --> 00:31:15,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the antimatter content of cosmic rays</font>
+
+712
+00:31:12,179 --> 00:31:17,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">high energy relativistic particles that</font>
+
+713
+00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pass through the solar system as they</font>
+
+714
+00:31:17,039 --> 00:31:21,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">zip around the Galaxy</font>
+
+715
+00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:24,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it has been hit by more than 100</font>
+
+716
+00:31:21,179 --> 00:31:28,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">billion cosmic rays to date</font>
+
+717
+00:31:24,779 --> 00:31:31,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in 2013 the AMS team reported a</font>
+
+718
+00:31:28,799 --> 00:31:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strange signal with no Apparent Source</font>
+
+719
+00:31:31,039 --> 00:31:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">containing high positron to electron</font>
+
+720
+00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:39,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fractions consistent with dark matter</font>
+
+721
+00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:41,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Annihilation predictions</font>
+
+722
+00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:43,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is arguably one of the strongest</font>
+
+723
+00:31:41,700 --> 00:31:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Annihilation candidates we've discovered</font>
+
+724
+00:31:43,799 --> 00:31:49,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so far but nine years later the team</font>
+
+725
+00:31:47,159 --> 00:31:50,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">still hasn't managed to verify its</font>
+
+726
+00:31:49,260 --> 00:31:53,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">authenticity</font>
+
+727
+00:31:50,700 --> 00:31:55,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and now other explanations such as</font>
+
+728
+00:31:53,880 --> 00:31:58,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bizarre Pulsar behaviors are being</font>
+
+729
+00:31:55,980 --> 00:31:58,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Revisited</font>
+
+730
+00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ultimately none of our efforts to find</font>
+
+731
+00:32:04,740 --> 00:32:10,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dark matter have so far yielded any</font>
+
+732
+00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concrete evidence and nothing that can</font>
+
+733
+00:32:10,019 --> 00:32:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conclusively rule out alternatives to</font>
+
+734
+00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:18,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Dark Matter Theory</font>
+
+735
+00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:20,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so what are those alternatives</font>
+
+736
+00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:23,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well to understand the most popular</font>
+
+737
+00:32:20,700 --> 00:32:26,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">counter Theory you first have to go back</font>
+
+738
+00:32:23,700 --> 00:32:29,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to Vera rubin's revelation of fast</font>
+
+739
+00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:31,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxy rotation which seemed to violate</font>
+
+740
+00:32:29,100 --> 00:32:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Newton's laws of gravity</font>
+
+741
+00:32:31,500 --> 00:32:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with this behavior in mind you reach one</font>
+
+742
+00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:38,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of two conclusions</font>
+
+743
+00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:40,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">either there is a source of invisible</font>
+
+744
+00:32:38,820 --> 00:32:43,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">missing Mass which completes the</font>
+
+745
+00:32:40,980 --> 00:32:46,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Newtonian dynamics of a galaxy or</font>
+
+746
+00:32:43,919 --> 00:32:48,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Newton's Laws do not apply on Galactic</font>
+
+747
+00:32:46,740 --> 00:32:50,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scales</font>
+
+748
+00:32:48,419 --> 00:32:53,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first conclusion leads you to dark</font>
+
+749
+00:32:50,580 --> 00:32:56,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter but the second requires us to</font>
+
+750
+00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:56,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">modify gravity</font>
+
+751
+00:32:57,720 --> 00:33:02,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">modified gravity is a popular</font>
+
+752
+00:32:59,820 --> 00:33:04,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alternative Paradigm to Dark Matter</font>
+
+753
+00:33:02,179 --> 00:33:06,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">built on the basis that it is our</font>
+
+754
+00:33:04,799 --> 00:33:09,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">understanding of gravity that is</font>
+
+755
+00:33:06,539 --> 00:33:11,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inaccurate and therefore missing mass is</font>
+
+756
+00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:13,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not needed to account for large-scale</font>
+
+757
+00:33:11,519 --> 00:33:16,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anomalies not in the quantities</font>
+
+758
+00:33:13,919 --> 00:33:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggested by dark matter proponents</font>
+
+759
+00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anyway</font>
+
+760
+00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:23,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">proponents of modified gravity points to</font>
+
+761
+00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:26,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the fact that gravity has only ever been</font>
+
+762
+00:33:23,340 --> 00:33:29,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tested in high acceleration environments</font>
+
+763
+00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:32,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as the solar system as it takes its</font>
+
+764
+00:33:29,399 --> 00:33:34,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">path around the Milky Way's core</font>
+
+765
+00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:37,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but in the lowest acceleration</font>
+
+766
+00:33:34,700 --> 00:33:39,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">environments such as the interstellar</font>
+
+767
+00:33:37,559 --> 00:33:42,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space between stars on the outskirts of</font>
+
+768
+00:33:39,899 --> 00:33:45,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a Galaxy where gravity is at its weakest</font>
+
+769
+00:33:42,559 --> 00:33:47,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they propose that it would behave</font>
+
+770
+00:33:45,179 --> 00:33:50,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">differently in a way that deviates from</font>
+
+771
+00:33:47,820 --> 00:33:52,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our current understanding</font>
+
+772
+00:33:50,340 --> 00:33:55,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this deviation enables the fast</font>
+
+773
+00:33:52,980 --> 00:33:57,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rotations of galaxies without the need</font>
+
+774
+00:33:55,559 --> 00:33:59,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a dark matter Halo to fill in the</font>
+
+775
+00:33:57,659 --> 00:34:02,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gaps</font>
+
+776
+00:33:59,820 --> 00:34:05,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the most well-rounded and regarded</font>
+
+777
+00:34:02,220 --> 00:34:08,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interpretation of modified gravity is</font>
+
+778
+00:34:05,100 --> 00:34:10,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">modern modified Newtonian Dynamics a</font>
+
+779
+00:34:08,820 --> 00:34:15,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">framework developed by israelian</font>
+
+780
+00:34:10,619 --> 00:34:17,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scientist moti Milgram in the 1980s</font>
+
+781
+00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:21,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his theory corrects Newton's equations</font>
+
+782
+00:34:17,820 --> 00:34:23,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for lower acceleration environments such</font>
+
+783
+00:34:21,119 --> 00:34:26,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the edges of galaxies describing</font>
+
+784
+00:34:23,940 --> 00:34:29,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity's strength as decaying inversely</font>
+
+785
+00:34:26,699 --> 00:34:32,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">linearly with distance from the core as</font>
+
+786
+00:34:29,879 --> 00:34:34,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opposed to the normal inverse Square law</font>
+
+787
+00:34:32,099 --> 00:34:37,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of distance Decay which applies on more</font>
+
+788
+00:34:34,619 --> 00:34:39,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">local scales</font>
+
+789
+00:34:37,079 --> 00:34:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the theory has enjoyed some</font>
+
+790
+00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:43,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">practical success in predicting the</font>
+
+791
+00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:47,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rotation curves of galaxies using only</font>
+
+792
+00:34:43,980 --> 00:34:50,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the mass of their visible matter</font>
+
+793
+00:34:47,339 --> 00:34:53,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but by itself Monde is not complete</font>
+
+794
+00:34:50,399 --> 00:34:55,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enough to justify usurping dark Matter's</font>
+
+795
+00:34:53,219 --> 00:34:57,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place in the textbooks</font>
+
+796
+00:34:55,079 --> 00:34:59,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though the theory works well enough for</font>
+
+797
+00:34:57,300 --> 00:35:02,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">explaining the rotations of galaxies</font>
+
+798
+00:34:59,339 --> 00:35:05,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mond cannot sufficiently explain the</font>
+
+799
+00:35:02,339 --> 00:35:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dynamics of Galaxy clusters</font>
+
+800
+00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even after modifying Gravity the bullet</font>
+
+801
+00:35:08,640 --> 00:35:14,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cluster would still require around</font>
+
+802
+00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">double its visible Mass to stay bound</font>
+
+803
+00:35:14,599 --> 00:35:19,859
+<font color="white" size=".72c">butmonds doesn't explicitly rule out the</font>
+
+804
+00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:23,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existence of missing mass in Galaxy</font>
+
+805
+00:35:19,859 --> 00:35:25,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clusters rather it simply proposes this</font>
+
+806
+00:35:23,339 --> 00:35:28,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mass to be accounted for by some form of</font>
+
+807
+00:35:25,740 --> 00:35:30,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">baryonic matter too faint for us to</font>
+
+808
+00:35:28,140 --> 00:35:30,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detect</font>
+
+809
+00:35:31,500 --> 00:35:36,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are other counter theories to dark</font>
+
+810
+00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:39,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matter as well many of which Implement</font>
+
+811
+00:35:36,119 --> 00:35:42,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">demand and extend its ideas</font>
+
+812
+00:35:39,180 --> 00:35:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">entropic gravity is one such extension</font>
+
+813
+00:35:42,119 --> 00:35:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which implements modified Newtonian</font>
+
+814
+00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dynamics while disputing the nature of</font>
+
+815
+00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:52,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity</font>
+
+816
+00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:55,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it proposes that gravity is not a</font>
+
+817
+00:35:52,140 --> 00:35:58,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fundamental Force but rather an entropic</font>
+
+818
+00:35:55,140 --> 00:36:00,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Force a force that is generated As A</font>
+
+819
+00:35:58,380 --> 00:36:03,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">System's entropy increases through leaky</font>
+
+820
+00:36:00,839 --> 00:36:05,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energy exchanges</font>
+
+821
+00:36:03,359 --> 00:36:07,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this creates a homogeneous minimum for</font>
+
+822
+00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:10,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gravity throughout all parts of space</font>
+
+823
+00:36:07,619 --> 00:36:12,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is subject to Quantum level</font>
+
+824
+00:36:10,140 --> 00:36:15,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">disorders</font>
+
+825
+00:36:12,300 --> 00:36:18,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like Monde entropic gravity explains</font>
+
+826
+00:36:15,599 --> 00:36:20,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stellar velocities on the outskirts of</font>
+
+827
+00:36:18,119 --> 00:36:22,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">galaxies by proposing a different</font>
+
+828
+00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:25,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relationship between distance and</font>
+
+829
+00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gravity's decaying strength describing</font>
+
+830
+00:36:25,020 --> 00:36:28,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it as falling linearly with distance</font>
+
+831
+00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:31,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the core in the weakest of</font>
+
+832
+00:36:28,740 --> 00:36:33,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">environments instead of inverse squared</font>
+
+833
+00:36:31,260 --> 00:36:36,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decay</font>
+
+834
+00:36:33,180 --> 00:36:38,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but also like command it only offers</font>
+
+835
+00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sufficient counter explanations for fast</font>
+
+836
+00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:44,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxy rotation but no counter theory</font>
+
+837
+00:36:42,240 --> 00:36:47,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has managed to explain the Dynamics of</font>
+
+838
+00:36:44,579 --> 00:36:50,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">both Galaxy rotation and Galaxy clusters</font>
+
+839
+00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:52,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the same mathematical footing and</font>
+
+840
+00:36:50,220 --> 00:36:55,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is why dark matter is viewed as the</font>
+
+841
+00:36:52,619 --> 00:36:55,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prevailing Theory</font>
+
+842
+00:36:56,280 --> 00:37:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generally dark matter is an accepted</font>
+
+843
+00:36:59,099 --> 00:37:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">part of standard cosmology because it</font>
+
+844
+00:37:01,320 --> 00:37:05,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can account for so many unexpected</font>
+
+845
+00:37:03,480 --> 00:37:07,859
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behaviors</font>
+
+846
+00:37:05,099 --> 00:37:10,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">missing mass is the only theory that</font>
+
+847
+00:37:07,859 --> 00:37:12,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bridges the gap between ziki's work on</font>
+
+848
+00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:14,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxy clusters and Ruben's work on</font>
+
+849
+00:37:12,780 --> 00:37:17,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Galaxy rotation</font>
+
+850
+00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:20,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and when integrated into the Lambda CDM</font>
+
+851
+00:37:17,760 --> 00:37:24,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it provides the best concurrent answers</font>
+
+852
+00:37:20,700 --> 00:37:27,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for most of the universe's key questions</font>
+
+853
+00:37:24,900 --> 00:37:30,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so while I search for Dark Matter</font>
+
+854
+00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:32,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">remains ongoing scientists are showing</font>
+
+855
+00:37:30,599 --> 00:37:34,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no signs of throwing the towel in</font>
+
+856
+00:37:32,460 --> 00:37:37,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anytime soon</font>
+
+857
+00:37:34,380 --> 00:37:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">many futuristic telescopes including</font>
+
+858
+00:37:37,560 --> 00:37:42,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">James Webb will undertake missions aimed</font>
+
+859
+00:37:40,320 --> 00:37:45,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at studying dark matter</font>
+
+860
+00:37:42,180 --> 00:37:48,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and other more dedicated experiments are</font>
+
+861
+00:37:45,359 --> 00:37:51,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the works too like the virusy Rubin</font>
+
+862
+00:37:48,420 --> 00:37:53,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Observatory under construction in Chile</font>
+
+863
+00:37:51,240 --> 00:37:55,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right now</font>
+
+864
+00:37:53,099 --> 00:37:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it will use photometry gravitational</font>
+
+865
+00:37:55,740 --> 00:38:00,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lensing and baryonic acoustic</font>
+
+866
+00:37:57,960 --> 00:38:02,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oscillation patterns to shed new light</font>
+
+867
+00:38:00,119 --> 00:38:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on dark matter and is expected to</font>
+
+868
+00:38:02,940 --> 00:38:10,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">provide its first analysis in 2023</font>
+
+869
+00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:13,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in addition it will also probe</font>
+
+870
+00:38:10,079 --> 00:38:14,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another more significant component of</font>
+
+871
+00:38:13,020 --> 00:38:17,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the University's contents that we</font>
+
+872
+00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:19,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">haven't mentioned today described by</font>
+
+873
+00:38:17,579 --> 00:38:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lambda CDM to account for more than</font>
+
+874
+00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:24,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two-thirds of the universe's entire</font>
+
+875
+00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:27,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energy density</font>
+
+876
+00:38:24,660 --> 00:38:30,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it represents another area of cosmology</font>
+
+877
+00:38:27,660 --> 00:38:32,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we know next to nothing about but</font>
+
+878
+00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:36,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">determining its nature may just help us</font>
+
+879
+00:38:32,579 --> 00:38:38,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to know where this universe is headed</font>
+
+880
+00:38:36,420 --> 00:38:41,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as scientists probed the farthest</font>
+
+881
+00:38:38,820 --> 00:38:43,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">corners of the universe in the 1990s</font>
+
+882
+00:38:41,339 --> 00:38:46,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they discovered the existence of a</font>
+
+883
+00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:49,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mysterious anti-gravity Force which has</font>
+
+884
+00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:51,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hijacked the fate of our universe over</font>
+
+885
+00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:54,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">billions of years</font>
+
+886
+00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that's mysterious force is now</font>
+
+887
+00:38:54,599 --> 00:39:00,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thought to be driving the universe to</font>
+
+888
+00:38:56,880 --> 00:39:03,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unfathomable sizes so quickly that it</font>
+
+889
+00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">may just tear the whole thing apart</font>
+
+890
+00:39:03,359 --> 00:39:09,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the force is dark energy and it will be</font>
+
+891
+00:39:06,240 --> 00:39:09,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our topic next time around</font>
+

subtitle/7fnVcXfPe5c.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+1
+00:00:01,459 --> 00:00:05,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of the biggest obstacles you may face
+when trying to meet new friends, or new people</font>
+
+2
+00:00:05,670 --> 00:00:08,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in general, is the awkward silence.</font>
+
+3
+00:00:08,109 --> 00:00:12,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable
+that it can even force you to avoid meeting</font>
+
+4
+00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:14,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">new people in the first place.</font>
+
+5
+00:00:14,429 --> 00:00:16,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Luckily there is a way to get around it.</font>
+
+6
+00:00:16,670 --> 00:00:21,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today we will discuss how filtering, threading
+and the pratfall effect can influence your</font>
+
+7
+00:00:21,289 --> 00:00:26,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conversations and transform you into talkable
+and likeable person, so be sure to watch the</font>
+
+8
+00:00:26,550 --> 00:00:27,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">video to the very end.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:27,819 --> 00:00:30,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Without further ado lets get started.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:30,339 --> 00:00:34,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">First I need you to understand why awkward
+moments happen?</font>
+
+11
+00:00:34,079 --> 00:00:38,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When you feel like you’ve run out of things
+to say with strangers, you actually haven't.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:38,079 --> 00:00:42,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You’ve simply run out of things that have
+passed your internal filter of “things good</font>
+
+13
+00:00:42,710 --> 00:00:43,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enough to say to a stranger”</font>
+
+14
+00:00:43,940 --> 00:00:49,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is a common behavior, the habit of filtering—holding
+back from saying something until you’ve</font>
+
+15
+00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:53,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“checked” with yourself to make sure that
+what you’re about to say is cool, impressive,</font>
+
+16
+00:00:53,789 --> 00:00:55,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smart, and interesting.</font>
+
+17
+00:00:55,289 --> 00:00:59,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And this habit can really hinder your ability
+to develop your communication skills.</font>
+
+18
+00:00:59,980 --> 00:01:01,829
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So how do we fix it?</font>
+
+19
+00:01:01,829 --> 00:01:06,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fixing it is pretty darn simple it just requires
+deliberate practice to remove the filter.</font>
+
+20
+00:01:06,979 --> 00:01:10,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the reflex that allows you to say
+whatever goes on in your mind.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:10,789 --> 00:01:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So no more filtering, no checking with yourself
+“would I sound cool if I say this?”</font>
+
+22
+00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:15,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">None of that!</font>
+
+23
+00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:21,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Start to practice this 'no filtering approach'
+with people you kinda know and are not total</font>
+
+24
+00:01:21,750 --> 00:01:22,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strangers at first.</font>
+
+25
+00:01:22,860 --> 00:01:27,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s fun to realize that you’re allowed
+to say whatever is on your mind, and that</font>
+
+26
+00:01:27,740 --> 00:01:29,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is totally okay.</font>
+
+27
+00:01:29,070 --> 00:01:32,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As long as you don’t say anything extremely
+inappropriate that could land you in jail,</font>
+
+28
+00:01:32,830 --> 00:01:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you’ll be just fine!</font>
+
+29
+00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People don’t care too much about how “awesome”
+what you’re saying is, because they’re</font>
+
+30
+00:01:39,130 --> 00:01:42,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">too focused on their own filters and thoughts.</font>
+
+31
+00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:46,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The second very powerful technique I want
+to talk about is Threading.</font>
+
+32
+00:01:46,300 --> 00:01:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Threading is essentially branching off the
+conversation in different directions.</font>
+
+33
+00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:56,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For example if you get a response like "I
+went to London last year to intern for 6 months"</font>
+
+34
+00:01:56,039 --> 00:02:00,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You could ask if they liked London, which
+company they went to, what is their field</font>
+
+35
+00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:04,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of work, or you could shift the focus of the
+conversation, you could respond with "Really?</font>
+
+36
+00:02:04,659 --> 00:02:10,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I went to London last year too" or "I like
+to visit London one day, I love traveling!".</font>
+
+37
+00:02:10,389 --> 00:02:15,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You could continue the conversation in multiple
+ways using the threads that are provided,</font>
+
+38
+00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:19,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example continue talking about London,
+talk about the company or field of work, or</font>
+
+39
+00:02:19,329 --> 00:02:24,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe talk about your own internship experiences
+– you could literally talk for hours starting</font>
+
+40
+00:02:24,810 --> 00:02:26,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from that simple response.</font>
+
+41
+00:02:26,820 --> 00:02:31,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just be creative and remember the first technique
+to remove your filter when talking with them.</font>
+
+42
+00:02:31,900 --> 00:02:36,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you want you can stop the video here, because
+those 2 techniques alone will make a drastic</font>
+
+43
+00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:41,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">change in your conversations, but I will give
+you a third psychological tip that you can</font>
+
+44
+00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:45,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use to literally make yourself instantly more
+likeable and easy to talk to.</font>
+
+45
+00:02:45,730 --> 00:02:47,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's called the Pratfall Effect.</font>
+
+46
+00:02:47,250 --> 00:02:52,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it states that your likeability increases
+if you aren't perfect.</font>
+
+47
+00:02:52,560 --> 00:02:57,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When people see that you are not perfect and
+you make a mistake you appear more human,</font>
+
+48
+00:02:57,370 --> 00:02:59,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more like others and so more likeable.</font>
+
+49
+00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:04,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People who are perfect can seem threatening,
+but people who are imperfect are safe and</font>
+
+50
+00:03:04,820 --> 00:03:07,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hence easier to truly like.</font>
+
+51
+00:03:07,150 --> 00:03:12,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you want to be liked and easy to talk to,
+make mistakes sometimes (or just admit to</font>
+
+52
+00:03:12,030 --> 00:03:17,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">error), but do it in context where it's safe,
+don't do it in front of your boss thinking</font>
+
+53
+00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:18,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he will like you more.</font>
+
+54
+00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:20,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You'll just get yourself fired.</font>
+
+55
+00:03:20,430 --> 00:03:24,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The beauty in these tips is that they work
+together perfectly.</font>
+
+56
+00:03:24,260 --> 00:03:27,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When you remove your filter, you will say
+things that come on top of your head, and</font>
+
+57
+00:03:27,670 --> 00:03:29,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you will make mistakes and blunders.</font>
+
+58
+00:03:29,370 --> 00:03:34,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By doing so the Pratfall Effect will start
+to do its magic, people will like you more</font>
+
+59
+00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:39,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and they will open up easier because you seem
+more human, they will talk more giving you</font>
+
+60
+00:03:39,450 --> 00:03:43,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more threads and branches that you can lead
+the conversation into.</font>
+
+61
+00:03:43,820 --> 00:03:47,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">More branches lead to deeper conversations
+and increased likeability.</font>
+
+62
+00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:51,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a cycle where it only gets easier and
+easier.</font>
+
+63
+00:03:51,540 --> 00:03:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The main thing I want you to get out of this
+video, is that you shouldn't get stuck inside</font>
+
+64
+00:03:55,360 --> 00:04:00,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your head thinking that the world will end
+if you say something silly, it won't, it will</font>
+
+65
+00:04:00,510 --> 00:04:06,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">barely get noticed because people have trouble
+with their own confidence, filters and thoughts.</font>
+
+66
+00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:10,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just talk about what you want to talk about,
+crack a joke if you feel like it, don't try</font>
+
+67
+00:04:10,510 --> 00:04:15,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to appear perfect, because no one is and I
+assume being one would be lonely</font>
+
+68
+00:04:15,980 --> 00:04:17,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and no fun at all.</font>
+
+69
+00:04:17,839 --> 00:04:22,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I hope the video helped you in any way, if
+it did you can always click the like button.</font>
+
+70
+00:04:22,260 --> 00:04:24,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Anyway thanks for watching and I'll see you
+next time.</font>
+

subtitle/9SEMSQDO-pg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+1
+00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:04,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now today marks the 10th anniversary of</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:06,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Disappearance of Malaysia Airlines</font>
+
+3
+00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flight MH370 one of the greatest</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,919 --> 00:00:13,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Aviation Mysteries the Boeing 777</font>
+
+5
+00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:16,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">airliner carrying 239 people vanished on</font>
+
+6
+00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:18,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a routine flight to Beijing radar and</font>
+
+7
+00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">satellite data showed it veering off</font>
+
+8
+00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:22,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Route and heading to the southern Indian</font>
+
+9
+00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:24,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ocean the families of those on board</font>
+
+10
+00:00:22,039 --> 00:00:27,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have been campaigning for search for</font>
+
+11
+00:00:24,199 --> 00:00:29,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">searches for MH370 to be resumed after</font>
+
+12
+00:00:27,279 --> 00:00:30,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was suspended 6 years ago and the</font>
+
+13
+00:00:29,359 --> 00:00:33,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Malaysian government says it is</font>
+
+14
+00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:35,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">negotiating with an American underwater</font>
+
+15
+00:00:33,239 --> 00:00:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surveillance company to start looking</font>
+
+16
+00:00:35,239 --> 00:00:39,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again I spoke to our southeast Asia</font>
+
+17
+00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">correspondent Jonathan headed who told</font>
+
+18
+00:00:39,079 --> 00:00:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">us more from</font>
+
+19
+00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:43,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">qual what they've always been calling</font>
+
+20
+00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for really which is for the search to</font>
+
+21
+00:00:43,879 --> 00:00:47,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">continue and there have been times where</font>
+
+22
+00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Malaysian officials have been reticent</font>
+
+23
+00:00:47,879 --> 00:00:50,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they've said we've got to wait for</font>
+
+24
+00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:52,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really strong evidence before we</font>
+
+25
+00:00:50,320 --> 00:00:53,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">authorize and search Malaysia as a</font>
+
+26
+00:00:52,199 --> 00:00:56,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">country where the plane was registered</font>
+
+27
+00:00:53,719 --> 00:00:58,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has to approve any new search there</font>
+
+28
+00:00:56,239 --> 00:01:00,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hasn't been one for 6 years there are</font>
+
+29
+00:00:58,519 --> 00:01:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">various reasons for that the real reason</font>
+
+30
+00:01:00,359 --> 00:01:04,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was that although the very basic</font>
+
+31
+00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">satellite data they had showed that the</font>
+
+32
+00:01:04,959 --> 00:01:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plane had headed south and they have a</font>
+
+33
+00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty good idea where it went down at</font>
+
+34
+00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the very farthest end of its range where</font>
+
+35
+00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:15,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it would have run out of fuel it's still</font>
+
+36
+00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:17,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a very large area of ocean uh in very</font>
+
+37
+00:01:15,159 --> 00:01:19,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rough Seas very deep seas as well very</font>
+
+38
+00:01:17,439 --> 00:01:21,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hard to search and there was a</font>
+
+39
+00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">multinational search over a period of 3</font>
+
+40
+00:01:21,759 --> 00:01:27,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to four years um covering you know close</font>
+
+41
+00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:29,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to 200,000 square kilm and it wasn't</font>
+
+42
+00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:31,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">found and so there's been a reluctance</font>
+
+43
+00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:33,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to start it again but for the families</font>
+
+44
+00:01:31,759 --> 00:01:35,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they say you can't stop searching they</font>
+
+45
+00:01:33,799 --> 00:01:37,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">need answers for them that even though</font>
+
+46
+00:01:35,479 --> 00:01:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they know the plane went down they want</font>
+
+47
+00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to know what happened they want to see</font>
+
+48
+00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:42,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the plane retrieved they want to know</font>
+
+49
+00:01:40,399 --> 00:01:44,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">why it went so off course and got flown</font>
+
+50
+00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:47,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down there and they make the point that</font>
+
+51
+00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:49,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">aviation's safety demands an answer when</font>
+
+52
+00:01:47,399 --> 00:01:51,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you lose one of the world's most modern</font>
+
+53
+00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:52,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">planes flying on the everywhere in the</font>
+
+54
+00:01:51,119 --> 00:01:54,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world it just disappears like that you</font>
+
+55
+00:01:52,759 --> 00:01:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can't leave it unanswered so all their</font>
+
+56
+00:01:54,719 --> 00:01:58,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">campaigning over these past 10 years has</font>
+
+57
+00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:01,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been focused on that keep the momentum</font>
+
+58
+00:01:58,719 --> 00:02:03,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going for the search keep MH370 in the</font>
+
+59
+00:02:01,399 --> 00:02:05,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">public eye even though we've not had</font>
+
+60
+00:02:03,399 --> 00:02:07,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much development in terms of figuring</font>
+
+61
+00:02:05,479 --> 00:02:09,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out where it is in recent years and is</font>
+
+62
+00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:11,038
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there much optimism that they'll get the</font>
+
+63
+00:02:09,239 --> 00:02:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">answers to those much sought-after</font>
+
+64
+00:02:11,038 --> 00:02:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">questions</font>
+
+65
+00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:19,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Jonathan there's a better mood this year</font>
+
+66
+00:02:16,959 --> 00:02:20,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than we've seen in recent years simply</font>
+
+67
+00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:21,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they've managed to get the</font>
+
+68
+00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:24,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Malaysian government to kind of</font>
+
+69
+00:02:21,879 --> 00:02:26,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">re-energize itself to take the lead</font>
+
+70
+00:02:24,079 --> 00:02:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again the current Malaysian transport</font>
+
+71
+00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:28,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Minister seems to understand the</font>
+
+72
+00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">criticism that his government has been</font>
+
+73
+00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:33,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dragging its feet he came to the the big</font>
+
+74
+00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:35,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh 10y year anniversary and made a</font>
+
+75
+00:02:33,599 --> 00:02:37,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">solemn promise that he would be totally</font>
+
+76
+00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:39,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">committed to the search regardless of</font>
+
+77
+00:02:37,599 --> 00:02:40,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how long it took him that he was about</font>
+
+78
+00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:43,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to restart when he's already in</font>
+
+79
+00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:45,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">negotiations with this American company</font>
+
+80
+00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:48,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's a hope that a search might start</font>
+
+81
+00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">later this year they're also hoping that</font>
+
+82
+00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's much better underwater</font>
+
+83
+00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:53,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">technology now the company that searched</font>
+
+84
+00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">6 years ago now has much better ships</font>
+
+85
+00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:57,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much better underwater drones and</font>
+
+86
+00:02:55,840 --> 00:03:00,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're hoping that perhaps new and</font>
+
+87
+00:02:57,879 --> 00:03:02,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rather novel analysis of the very</font>
+
+88
+00:03:00,319 --> 00:03:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limited data there is about the plane</font>
+
+89
+00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:06,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">might pinpoint a smaller area where</font>
+
+90
+00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:08,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's a much higher chance of finding</font>
+
+91
+00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:10,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it in all those deep sea Canyons where</font>
+
+92
+00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:13,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it may have settled so there's some</font>
+
+93
+00:03:10,879 --> 00:03:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">optimism but also a kind of sense of</font>
+
+94
+00:03:13,959 --> 00:03:18,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weariness um you know it is awful having</font>
+
+95
+00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:20,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to ask the families all over again for</font>
+
+96
+00:03:18,879 --> 00:03:22,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the 10th year how they feel they they</font>
+
+97
+00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:25,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just want closure they just want the</font>
+
+98
+00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:27,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plane found they just want answers to F</font>
+
+99
+00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:30,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">end this story in which they've found</font>
+
+100
+00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:32,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">themselves caught up I SP to Simon</font>
+
+101
+00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:34,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maskell professor of autonomous systems</font>
+
+102
+00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:36,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">electrical engineering and electronics</font>
+
+103
+00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:38,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at the University of Liverpool he's</font>
+
+104
+00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:40,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conducting a study to see if one of the</font>
+
+105
+00:03:38,599 --> 00:03:42,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">latest theories on where the plane is</font>
+
+106
+00:03:40,599 --> 00:03:44,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could be a viable way to find it and how</font>
+
+107
+00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:47,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the work he's doing could differ from</font>
+
+108
+00:03:44,599 --> 00:03:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the past 10 years the area that's being</font>
+
+109
+00:03:47,079 --> 00:03:52,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">searched is huge so 200 square 200,000</font>
+
+110
+00:03:50,159 --> 00:03:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">square kilometers is about the size of</font>
+
+111
+00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the UK and so finding an airplane um in</font>
+
+112
+00:03:56,000 --> 00:04:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that size of a seaf floor 4,000 MERS</font>
+
+113
+00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:05,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">below the surface of the sea is a really</font>
+
+114
+00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:07,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">daunting task and and the reason we uh</font>
+
+115
+00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:10,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">haven't found it is probably that where</font>
+
+116
+00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:13,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we've looked isn't where the airplane is</font>
+
+117
+00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so what we need to do is to pinpoint</font>
+
+118
+00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:18,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where the airplane might be to a greater</font>
+
+119
+00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:21,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accuracy our hope is that an aerospace</font>
+
+120
+00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:23,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">engineer called Richard Godfrey has</font>
+
+121
+00:04:21,199 --> 00:04:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">figured out a way that would</font>
+
+122
+00:04:23,919 --> 00:04:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enable um amateur radio Enthusiast data</font>
+
+123
+00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:32,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to augment the data that has been used</font>
+
+124
+00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:34,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up to this point and provide the</font>
+
+125
+00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:36,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credible new evidence that the Malaysian</font>
+
+126
+00:04:34,199 --> 00:04:40,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">government has been seeking to motivate</font>
+
+127
+00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:44,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a new search the problem is that um</font>
+
+128
+00:04:40,520 --> 00:04:46,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Richard gy whilst he uh is adamant that</font>
+
+129
+00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:48,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this new whisper technology as it's</font>
+
+130
+00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called Uh could provide that credible</font>
+
+131
+00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:52,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">new evidence there are other very</font>
+
+132
+00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:54,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credible uh people around the planet</font>
+
+133
+00:04:52,639 --> 00:04:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that don't agree and think what Richard</font>
+
+134
+00:04:54,560 --> 00:04:58,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is proposing is impossible so the task</font>
+
+135
+00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:00,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we've set ourselves at the University of</font>
+
+136
+00:04:58,840 --> 00:05:03,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Liverpool is a trying to find out the</font>
+
+137
+00:05:00,840 --> 00:05:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">truth is whisper able to provide that</font>
+
+138
+00:05:03,639 --> 00:05:09,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credible new evidence and if it can we</font>
+
+139
+00:05:07,039 --> 00:05:10,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can be in a position where we can offer</font>
+
+140
+00:05:09,280 --> 00:05:12,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up that credible new evidence to the</font>
+
+141
+00:05:10,759 --> 00:05:14,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Malaysian government and hopefully that</font>
+
+142
+00:05:12,759 --> 00:05:16,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will motivate a new search and what kind</font>
+
+143
+00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:21,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of time frame are you looking at for be</font>
+
+144
+00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">able to prove that so um the um um seas</font>
+
+145
+00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:25,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are are rough in the southern Indian</font>
+
+146
+00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:27,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ocean so if you're going to search for</font>
+
+147
+00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:29,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um an airplane you wouldn't choose to</font>
+
+148
+00:05:27,639 --> 00:05:31,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">search for it there but if you are going</font>
+
+149
+00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:33,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to have to search for one there then uh</font>
+
+150
+00:05:31,639 --> 00:05:34,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you want to do it in the summer in the</font>
+
+151
+00:05:33,280 --> 00:05:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">southern hemisphere so that means</font>
+
+152
+00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:40,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">October November time in whichever year</font>
+
+153
+00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is that you pick so we would like to</font>
+
+154
+00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:44,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have our analysis complete by October</font>
+
+155
+00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">November</font>
+
+156
+00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2024 but it's more important that we get</font>
+
+157
+00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it right we've got to search in the</font>
+
+158
+00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:54,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right place and ensure that the chances</font>
+
+159
+00:05:52,720 --> 00:05:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we find the plane when that new</font>
+
+160
+00:05:54,639 --> 00:05:59,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">search hopefully happens is maximized 10</font>
+
+161
+00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:02,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years on do you believe that the remains</font>
+
+162
+00:05:59,919 --> 00:06:05,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of MH370 will ever be</font>
+
+163
+00:06:02,240 --> 00:06:08,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">found yes is a simple answer I think um</font>
+
+164
+00:06:05,840 --> 00:06:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a compelling mystery um I think if</font>
+
+165
+00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it had been an autonomous cargo airplane</font>
+
+166
+00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:15,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it would still be compelling intriguing</font>
+
+167
+00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it would still teach us lessons about</font>
+
+168
+00:06:15,599 --> 00:06:20,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how Aviation could evolve in the future</font>
+
+169
+00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:23,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it wasn't an autonomous cargo plane</font>
+
+170
+00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:27,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was a passenger jet with 2339 people</font>
+
+171
+00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:29,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on board with families who need an</font>
+
+172
+00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">answer need the closure that Jonathan</font>
+
+173
+00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:35,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was was referring to and so I think we</font>
+
+174
+00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have to find it um I'm hopeful we can</font>
+
+175
+00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">play a role here at Liverpool to make</font>
+
+176
+00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:44,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that happen um and I'm optimistic but at</font>
+
+177
+00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:44,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some point we'll find the plane</font>
+

subtitle/9XCKnN6o19k.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+1
+00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fashion has had to constantly evolve.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the industry radically changed in the 1990s</font>
+
+3
+00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:22,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when brands like Zara, H&M and Topshop led
+the way with what we now know as fast fashion.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:29,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They mastered the process of taking
+expensive clothes that were on the catwalk</font>
+
+5
+00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:32,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and mass producing them in
+as little as three weeks.</font>
+
+6
+00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fashion had never been this cheap
+and accessible before.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:44,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then, at the turn of the century
+online-only giants like Asos and Boohoo</font>
+
+8
+00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">took this model to the next level, shortening
+production time to as little as a week.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:50,160 --> 00:00:55,216
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Industry experts call these online-only brands,
+ultra fast fashion.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:55,216 --> 00:00:59,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And now we're in a new era: Real-time retail.</font>
+
+11
+00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Companies disrupting the status quo
+produce clothes in as little as three days.</font>
+
+12
+00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:08,937
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And this era's leader?
+Well, it's a Chinese company called Shein.</font>
+
+13
+00:01:08,937 --> 00:01:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein launches around three to four thousand
+new female apparel products every day so it is</font>
+
+14
+00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a very huge amount and the product is at pretty low
+price ranging from two dollars USD to $30.</font>
+
+15
+00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:27,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It is very fast and the products are updated</font>
+
+16
+00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:32,526
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much more frequently and at a higher
+volume than any other fast fashion brand.</font>
+
+17
+00:01:32,526 --> 00:01:38,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In April 2022, it was reported that fashion
+the startup was worth $100 billion,</font>
+
+18
+00:01:38,479 --> 00:01:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which would make it more valuable
+than H&M and Zara combined.</font>
+
+19
+00:01:42,960 --> 00:01:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Guys I placed a $500 Shein order
+and it came in the mail.</font>
+
+20
+00:01:48,960 --> 00:01:52,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Y'all! The Shein package that
+I was waiting for arrived, so let's open it.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:58,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So let's dig, how did Shein beat
+these fast fashion outlets at their own game?</font>
+
+22
+00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:09,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein is a very secretive company and
+shares little publicly about its origins</font>
+
+23
+00:02:09,199 --> 00:02:15,391
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and, as I learned through my reporting, it was pretty much
+impossible to connect with  a spokesperson for the company.</font>
+
+24
+00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:22,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We did find two consultants who had studied the
+company closely for years. Here's what we learned.</font>
+
+25
+00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:25,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The CEO and founder has only been seen</font>
+
+26
+00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:30,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a couple times and yeah he really
+it really keeps an air of mystery.</font>
+
+27
+00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:33,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This mysterious CEO is Chris Xu,</font>
+
+28
+00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:39,308
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a former digital marketer experienced
+in search engine optimization or SEO.</font>
+
+29
+00:02:39,308 --> 00:02:42,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even though Shein states it was founded in 2012,</font>
+
+30
+00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:48,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">several sources say its origin story
+actually began  in 2008 in Eastern China.</font>
+
+31
+00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:52,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's when Xu and his
+business partners founded Dianwei,</font>
+
+32
+00:02:52,079 --> 00:02:57,578
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an e-commerce business that reportedly sold everything
+from knockoff goods to wedding dresses.</font>
+
+33
+00:02:57,578 --> 00:03:03,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It was here that Xu seemingly refined the business model
+that would eventually launch Shein to success.</font>
+
+34
+00:03:03,920 --> 00:03:07,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 2011, Xu and his partners parted ways,</font>
+
+35
+00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:11,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the domain that would 
+become Shein was registered.</font>
+
+36
+00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,515
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Investment began to pour in and so did sales.</font>
+
+37
+00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:24,315
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the same time, the world was being 
+transformed by a five-ounce device: the iPhone.</font>
+
+38
+00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:29,448
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Apple's rivals are rushing their own versions
+of this kind of product out into the stores.</font>
+
+39
+00:03:29,701 --> 00:03:34,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And China's growing middle class played a huge role
+in the smartphone revolution that followed.</font>
+
+40
+00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:40,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All of a sudden everybody is getting smartphones 
+and so the majority of Chinese kind of skipped</font>
+
+41
+00:03:40,079 --> 00:03:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the computer phase and the introduction to the 
+digital world was really through the smartphone.</font>
+
+42
+00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:51,725
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Between 2009 and 2012 the number
+of smartphones shipped to China grew</font>
+
+43
+00:03:51,725 --> 00:03:57,424
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from 13 million to nearly 200 million, a more than 1400% rise.</font>
+
+44
+00:03:57,424 --> 00:04:01,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">China overtook the U.S. to become
+the world's largest smartphone market.</font>
+
+45
+00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:06,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This phenomenon fueled the rise of 
+e-commerce platforms in the country such</font>
+
+46
+00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:10,114
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as  Alibaba, JD.com and of course Shein.</font>
+
+47
+00:04:10,114 --> 00:04:15,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But unlike most of china's e-commerce giants
+Shein wasn't interested in Chinese customers.</font>
+
+48
+00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein's focus is entirely on the outside world.</font>
+
+49
+00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, a lot of the marketing tactics that 
+Shein uses are inspired by and very similar to</font>
+
+50
+00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:29,729
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to Chinese fashion brands that are operating in 
+the country and also Chinese e-commerce sites</font>
+
+51
+00:04:29,729 --> 00:04:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that are operating in the country.</font>
+
+52
+00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:38,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And so, if Shein were to target just the Chinese audience,
+it is actually a much more saturated market</font>
+
+53
+00:04:38,049 --> 00:04:44,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and wouldn't be able to compete in terms of speed 
+and price like how it does compete in the West.</font>
+
+54
+00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:51,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein's Chinese roots gave it another advantage too:
+a rich understanding of data and how to use it.</font>
+
+55
+00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:57,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As a mobile-first country with lax privacy laws
+and the largest population in the world,</font>
+
+56
+00:04:57,440 --> 00:04:59,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">collecting user information was easy.</font>
+
+57
+00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:04,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This created the perfect foundation 
+for developing rigorous algorithms.</font>
+
+58
+00:05:08,937 --> 00:05:11,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By 2015, Sheinside had rebranded to Shein.</font>
+
+59
+00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,202
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It had collected an enormous amount of data
+through its shopping app</font>
+
+60
+00:05:15,202 --> 00:05:20,485
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and had developed a system to score websites
+like Etsy, Instagram and Google for fashion trends.</font>
+
+61
+00:05:20,485 --> 00:05:26,098
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At this stage I think Shein definitely has
+the first-move advantage by its big data analytics system,</font>
+
+62
+00:05:26,098 --> 00:05:31,752
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which enables pretty early identification
+of some trends emerging from online</font>
+
+63
+00:05:31,752 --> 00:05:38,366
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so I think that's one of the critical key success factors of Shein
+and also will keep it ahead of the competition.</font>
+
+64
+00:05:38,366 --> 00:05:44,203
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the same year, Shein shifted its supply chain operations center
+to the Panyu district in Guangzhou,</font>
+
+65
+00:05:44,203 --> 00:05:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a major clothing manufacturing hub.</font>
+
+66
+00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:54,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Their office in Guangzhou is in close proximity to their factories
+and so it really sped up the communication.</font>
+
+67
+00:05:57,680 --> 00:06:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over time the company's reputation for 
+making timely payments to suppliers,  </font>
+
+68
+00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:07,918
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a rarity in the industry, meant factories that would 
+normally accept orders of a minimum quantity</font>
+
+69
+00:06:07,918 --> 00:06:10,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were eager to take on Shein's orders.</font>
+
+70
+00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And avoiding these minimum
+orders helped Shein develop  </font>
+
+71
+00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:16,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another competitive advantage: the lean model.</font>
+
+72
+00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:19,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We call it small order, quick response.</font>
+
+73
+00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So basically that means Shein places orders in
+a smaller batch and then it is able to quickly</font>
+
+74
+00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adjust it based on the market performance.</font>
+
+75
+00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The suppliers will just produce 100-500 items as the first batch
+which will take around only three to five days to produce.</font>
+
+76
+00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:45,365
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where, if we compare that with
+the traditional fast fashion players like Zara,</font>
+
+77
+00:06:45,365 --> 00:06:57,861
+<font color="white" size=".72c">usually it will produce over 100, 000 items so, by placing small orders,
+Shein could react pretty rapidly based on the sales performance.</font>
+
+78
+00:06:57,861 --> 00:07:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These products are then shipped
+directly to consumers from China.</font>
+
+79
+00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This cuts out middlemen and
+expensive import tariffs.</font>
+
+80
+00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Competitors making larger
+bulk shipments to stores aren't so lucky.</font>
+
+81
+00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While the pandemic was devastating for most of
+the clothing industry, it was good for Shein.</font>
+
+82
+00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Its sales generated an estimated
+9.8 billion dollars in 2020,</font>
+
+83
+00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:24,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and 15.7 billion dollars in 2021 and Shein
+was shipping to most countries in the world.</font>
+
+84
+00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:29,388
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 2021, it overtook Amazon to become the
+most downloaded shopping app in the U.S.,</font>
+
+85
+00:07:29,388 --> 00:07:32,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and these users were spending
+a lot of time on the app.</font>
+
+86
+00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:35,417
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it hasn't been all smooth sailing.</font>
+
+87
+00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even though Covid restrictions
+were being eased abroad,</font>
+
+88
+00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they only intensified at home
+and Shein's growth began to slow.</font>
+
+89
+00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And then there are the controversies.</font>
+
+90
+00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:52,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of the downsides of using data is that it can</font>
+
+91
+00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:59,546
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sometimes see that: "Oh, a particular blouse
+is wildly popular on an e-commerce platform,</font>
+
+92
+00:07:59,546 --> 00:08:03,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what if they just recreate the blouse in a cheaper way?"</font>
+
+93
+00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:06,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Several smaller designers
+have taken to social media</font>
+
+94
+00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alleging that Shein had stolen their designs.</font>
+
+95
+00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:18,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This top is a knock off of my silk lace cami to the tee.
+It's exactly the same and they're selling it for $10.</font>
+
+96
+00:08:18,640 --> 00:08:20,738
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the original design.</font>
+
+97
+00:08:20,738 --> 00:08:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it is hard for like boutique clothing designers when their
+designs are copied and somebody can just get it from Shein.</font>
+
+98
+00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:35,235
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That wreaks havoc on the industry because
+what it does is it allows the large companies</font>
+
+99
+00:08:35,235 --> 00:08:40,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to just really rake in all the profits that could have been 
+going to small and local boutiques and designers.</font>
+
+100
+00:08:40,950 --> 00:08:43,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it's not just the independent designers.</font>
+
+101
+00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:47,915
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein has been sued by Doc Martens
+and Levi Strauss for copying their products</font>
+
+102
+00:08:47,915 --> 00:08:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and selling them at a fraction of the price.</font>
+
+103
+00:08:50,501 --> 00:08:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It has been reported that Shein removed from
+sale some of the allegedly offending designs</font>
+
+104
+00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it has been reported that they have
+paid certain designers a settlement</font>
+
+105
+00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:02,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in relation to copyright infringement claims.</font>
+
+106
+00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:07,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein did not immediately respond to
+CNBC for comment but it did release</font>
+
+107
+00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a statement to the Financial Times in 2021,</font>
+
+108
+00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">saying the company takes
+copyright infringement seriously.</font>
+
+109
+00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:19,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein's ability to produce clothes at a rapid
+pace has also raised questions from watchdogs</font>
+
+110
+00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:24,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like Switzerland's Public Eye about the
+working conditions of its production lines.</font>
+
+111
+00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Its manufacturing process
+remains shrouded in mystery.</font>
+
+112
+00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:32,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shein told the BBC it has a strict
+supplier code of conduct and that it takes</font>
+
+113
+00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:36,798
+<font color="white" size=".72c">immediate action if
+non-compliance is identified.</font>
+
+114
+00:09:36,798 --> 00:09:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It has a lot of lack of transparency
+and so this is potentially problematic</font>
+
+115
+00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:44,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for Shein because if it wants 
+to gather investments then</font>
+
+116
+00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it really has to come clear
+and people really need to have</font>
+
+117
+00:09:48,470 --> 00:09:50,897
+<font color="white" size=".72c">peace of mind about what is 
+happening at the company.</font>
+

subtitle/9dQXiqS56Y4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+1
+00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:08,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Boy Wonder is about to enter the</font>
+
+2
+00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:12,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">World Cup lonel</font>
+
+3
+00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:12,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Messi just 18 years</font>
+
+4
+00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:16,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">old he replaces the man who's weed him</font>
+
+5
+00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:28,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a couple of goals Mexi</font>
+
+6
+00:00:16,900 --> 00:00:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+7
+00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rodriguez</font>
+
+8
+00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:37,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and lonel Messi becomes the youngest</font>
+
+9
+00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Argentine player to play the World Cup</font>
+
+10
+00:00:37,239 --> 00:00:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">since</font>
+
+11
+00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:50,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1934 Diego meridon is a big fan of</font>
+
+12
+00:00:43,670 --> 00:00:50,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+13
+00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+14
+00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Messi</font>
+
+15
+00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that big banner said this is my</font>
+
+16
+00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:11,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dream mess's on it's a dream for</font>
+
+17
+00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Argentina and if Serbia and Montenegro</font>
+
+18
+00:01:11,039 --> 00:01:20,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were worried about TZ and rickel me and</font>
+
+19
+00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:20,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">creso they say Messi's in a different</font>
+
+20
+00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">League</font>
+

subtitle/A9fQPzZ1-hg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+1
+00:00:07,237 --> 00:00:10,918
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the early hours of August 13, 1961,</font>
+
+2
+00:00:10,918 --> 00:00:14,817
+<font color="white" size=".72c">East German construction workers flanked
+by soldiers and police</font>
+
+3
+00:00:14,817 --> 00:00:19,717
+<font color="white" size=".72c">began tearing up streets and erecting
+barriers throughout the city of Berlin</font>
+
+4
+00:00:19,717 --> 00:00:21,558
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and its surroundings.</font>
+
+5
+00:00:21,558 --> 00:00:25,677
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This night marked the beginning of one
+of history's most infamous dividing lines,</font>
+
+6
+00:00:25,677 --> 00:00:27,807
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Berlin Wall.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:27,807 --> 00:00:30,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Construction on the wall continued
+for the next decade</font>
+
+8
+00:00:30,580 --> 00:00:32,058
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as it cut through neighborhoods,</font>
+
+9
+00:00:32,058 --> 00:00:33,582
+<font color="white" size=".72c">separated families,</font>
+
+10
+00:00:33,582 --> 00:00:36,898
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and divided not just Germany,
+but the world.</font>
+
+11
+00:00:36,898 --> 00:00:39,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To understand how we got to this point,</font>
+
+12
+00:00:39,019 --> 00:00:41,368
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have to go back to World War II.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:41,368 --> 00:00:43,037
+<font color="white" size=".72c">America, Britain, and France</font>
+
+14
+00:00:43,037 --> 00:00:47,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joined forces with the Soviet Union
+against the Axis Powers.</font>
+
+15
+00:00:47,449 --> 00:00:49,028
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After they defeated Nazi Germany,</font>
+
+16
+00:00:49,028 --> 00:00:52,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">each of the victorious nations occupied
+part of the country.</font>
+
+17
+00:00:52,739 --> 00:00:55,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The division was meant to be temporary,</font>
+
+18
+00:00:55,010 --> 00:00:57,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the former allies found 
+themselves at odds</font>
+
+19
+00:00:57,850 --> 00:01:00,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over their visions for post-war Europe.</font>
+
+20
+00:01:00,550 --> 00:01:03,248
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While Western powers promoted
+liberal market economies,</font>
+
+21
+00:01:03,248 --> 00:01:07,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Soviet Union sought to surround itself
+with obedient Communist nations,</font>
+
+22
+00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:10,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including a weakened Germany.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:10,279 --> 00:01:11,998
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As their relations deteriorated,</font>
+
+24
+00:01:11,998 --> 00:01:15,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Federal Republic of Germany
+was formed in the West</font>
+
+25
+00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:20,312
+<font color="white" size=".72c">while the Soviets established the
+German Democratic Republic in the East.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:20,312 --> 00:01:23,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Soviet satellite countries restricted
+Western trade and movement,</font>
+
+27
+00:01:23,850 --> 00:01:27,313
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so a virtually impassable border formed.</font>
+
+28
+00:01:27,313 --> 00:01:29,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It became known as the Iron Curtain.</font>
+
+29
+00:01:29,869 --> 00:01:34,564
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the former German capital of Berlin,
+things were particularly complicated.</font>
+
+30
+00:01:34,564 --> 00:01:38,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Although the city lay fully within
+the East German territory of the GDR,</font>
+
+31
+00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:42,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the post-war agreement gave the allies
+joint administration.</font>
+
+32
+00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:46,722
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So America, Britain, and France created
+a Democratic enclave</font>
+
+33
+00:01:46,722 --> 00:01:49,231
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in Berlin's western districts.</font>
+
+34
+00:01:49,231 --> 00:01:52,593
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While East Germans were officially banned
+from leaving the country,</font>
+
+35
+00:01:52,593 --> 00:01:55,704
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in Berlin, it was simply 
+a matter of walking,</font>
+
+36
+00:01:55,704 --> 00:01:57,963
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or riding a subway, streetcar or bus,</font>
+
+37
+00:01:57,963 --> 00:01:59,482
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the Western half,</font>
+
+38
+00:01:59,482 --> 00:02:02,632
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then traveling on to West Germany
+or beyond.</font>
+
+39
+00:02:02,632 --> 00:02:06,632
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This open border posed a problem
+for the East German leadership.</font>
+
+40
+00:02:06,632 --> 00:02:10,663
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They had staked a claim to represent
+the Communist resistance against Hitler</font>
+
+41
+00:02:10,663 --> 00:02:14,762
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and portrayed Western Germany as
+a continuation of the Nazi regime.</font>
+
+42
+00:02:14,762 --> 00:02:18,873
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While the U.S. and its allies poured
+money into West Germany's reconstruction,</font>
+
+43
+00:02:18,873 --> 00:02:23,493
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Soviet Union extracted resources
+from the East as war reparations,</font>
+
+44
+00:02:23,493 --> 00:02:27,412
+<font color="white" size=".72c">making its planned economy 
+even less competitive.</font>
+
+45
+00:02:27,412 --> 00:02:31,132
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Life in East Germany passed under
+the watchful eye of the Stasi,</font>
+
+46
+00:02:31,132 --> 00:02:35,283
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the secret police whose wiretaps 
+and informants monitored citizens</font>
+
+47
+00:02:35,283 --> 00:02:37,874
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for any hint of disloyalty.</font>
+
+48
+00:02:37,874 --> 00:02:40,723
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While there was free health care
+and education in the East,</font>
+
+49
+00:02:40,723 --> 00:02:42,844
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the West boasted higher salaries,</font>
+
+50
+00:02:42,844 --> 00:02:44,522
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more consumer goods,</font>
+
+51
+00:02:44,522 --> 00:02:46,654
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and greater personal freedom.</font>
+
+52
+00:02:46,654 --> 00:02:52,664
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By 1961, about 3.5 million people,
+nearly 20% of the East German population,</font>
+
+53
+00:02:52,664 --> 00:02:56,315
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had left, 
+including many young professionals.</font>
+
+54
+00:02:56,315 --> 00:02:57,724
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To prevent further losses,</font>
+
+55
+00:02:57,724 --> 00:03:02,924
+<font color="white" size=".72c">East Germany decided to close the border,
+and that's where the Berlin Wall came in.</font>
+
+56
+00:03:02,924 --> 00:03:05,434
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Extending for 43 kilometers
+through Berlin,</font>
+
+57
+00:03:05,434 --> 00:03:08,124
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a further 112 through East Germany,</font>
+
+58
+00:03:08,124 --> 00:03:12,095
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the initial barrier consisted
+of barbed wire and mesh fencing.</font>
+
+59
+00:03:12,095 --> 00:03:14,916
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some Berliners escaped by
+jumping over the wire</font>
+
+60
+00:03:14,916 --> 00:03:16,715
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or leaving from windows,</font>
+
+61
+00:03:16,715 --> 00:03:20,065
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but as the wall expanded,
+this became more difficult.</font>
+
+62
+00:03:20,065 --> 00:03:27,005
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By 1965, 106 kilometers of 3.6-meter-high
+concrete barricades had been added</font>
+
+63
+00:03:27,005 --> 00:03:30,505
+<font color="white" size=".72c">topped with a smooth 
+pipe to prevent climbing.</font>
+
+64
+00:03:30,505 --> 00:03:34,175
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over the coming years, the barrier
+was strengthened with spike strips,</font>
+
+65
+00:03:34,175 --> 00:03:35,197
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guard dogs,</font>
+
+66
+00:03:35,197 --> 00:03:36,866
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and even landmines,</font>
+
+67
+00:03:36,866 --> 00:03:40,706
+<font color="white" size=".72c">along with 302 watchtowers
+and 20 bunkers.</font>
+
+68
+00:03:40,706 --> 00:03:46,176
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A parallel fence in the rear set off
+a 100-meter area called the death strip.</font>
+
+69
+00:03:46,176 --> 00:03:50,237
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There, all buildings were demolished
+and the ground covered with sand</font>
+
+70
+00:03:50,237 --> 00:03:53,797
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to provide a clear line of sight
+for the hundreds of guards</font>
+
+71
+00:03:53,797 --> 00:03:57,126
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ordered to shoot anyone 
+attempting to cross.</font>
+
+72
+00:03:57,126 --> 00:04:03,187
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nevertheless, nearly 5,000 people
+in total managed to flee East Germany</font>
+
+73
+00:04:03,187 --> 00:04:06,507
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between 1961 and 1989.</font>
+
+74
+00:04:06,507 --> 00:04:10,187
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some were diplomats or athletes
+who defected while abroad,</font>
+
+75
+00:04:10,187 --> 00:04:13,367
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but others were ordinary citizens who
+dug tunnels,</font>
+
+76
+00:04:13,367 --> 00:04:15,048
+<font color="white" size=".72c">swam across canals,</font>
+
+77
+00:04:15,048 --> 00:04:16,877
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flew hot air balloons,</font>
+
+78
+00:04:16,877 --> 00:04:21,168
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or even crashed a stolen tank
+through the wall.</font>
+
+79
+00:04:21,168 --> 00:04:22,488
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yet the risk was great.</font>
+
+80
+00:04:22,488 --> 00:04:26,248
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over 138 people died
+while attempting escape.</font>
+
+81
+00:04:26,248 --> 00:04:30,957
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some shot in full view of West Germans
+powerless to help them.</font>
+
+82
+00:04:30,957 --> 00:04:35,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The wall stabilized East Germany's economy
+by preventing its work force from leaving,</font>
+
+83
+00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:38,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but tarnished its reputation,</font>
+
+84
+00:04:38,010 --> 00:04:41,947
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becoming a global symbol 
+of Communist repression.</font>
+
+85
+00:04:41,947 --> 00:04:44,088
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As part of reconciliation with the East,</font>
+
+86
+00:04:44,088 --> 00:04:49,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Basic Treaty of 1972 recognized
+East Germany pragmatically</font>
+
+87
+00:04:49,219 --> 00:04:53,808
+<font color="white" size=".72c">while West Germany retained its hope
+for eventual reunification.</font>
+
+88
+00:04:53,808 --> 00:04:56,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Although the Eastern regime
+gradually allowed family visits,</font>
+
+89
+00:04:56,979 --> 00:05:00,583
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it tried to discourage people
+from exercising these rights</font>
+
+90
+00:05:00,583 --> 00:05:04,611
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with an arduous bureaucratic process
+and high fees.</font>
+
+91
+00:05:04,611 --> 00:05:08,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nonetheless, it was still overwhelmed
+by applications.</font>
+
+92
+00:05:08,060 --> 00:05:09,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By the end of the 1980's,</font>
+
+93
+00:05:09,790 --> 00:05:12,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the liberalization of 
+other Eastern Bloc regimes</font>
+
+94
+00:05:12,740 --> 00:05:17,481
+<font color="white" size=".72c">caused mass demonstrations
+for free travel and demands for democracy.</font>
+
+95
+00:05:17,481 --> 00:05:20,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On the evening of November 9, 1989,</font>
+
+96
+00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:25,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">East Germany tried to defuse tension
+by making travel permits easier to obtain.</font>
+
+97
+00:05:25,450 --> 00:05:28,501
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the announcement brought thousands
+of East Berliners</font>
+
+98
+00:05:28,501 --> 00:05:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the border crossing points in the wall,</font>
+
+99
+00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:35,241
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forcing the surprised guards to open
+the gates immediately.</font>
+
+100
+00:05:35,241 --> 00:05:37,692
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rejoicing crowds poured into West Berlin</font>
+
+101
+00:05:37,692 --> 00:05:41,361
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as people from both sides danced 
+atop the wall.</font>
+
+102
+00:05:41,361 --> 00:05:45,372
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And others began to demolish it 
+with whatever tools they could find.</font>
+
+103
+00:05:45,372 --> 00:05:48,231
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Although the border guards initially
+tried to maintain order,</font>
+
+104
+00:05:48,231 --> 00:05:52,972
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was soon clear that the years
+of division were at an end.</font>
+
+105
+00:05:52,972 --> 00:05:58,332
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After four decades, Germany was
+officially reunified in October 1990.</font>
+
+106
+00:05:58,332 --> 00:06:01,422
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the Soviet Union fell soon after.</font>
+
+107
+00:06:01,422 --> 00:06:04,273
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today, parts of the wall still 
+stand as a reminder</font>
+
+108
+00:06:04,273 --> 00:06:07,353
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that any barriers we put up 
+to impede freedom,</font>
+
+109
+00:06:07,353 --> 00:06:09,472
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can also break down.</font>
+

subtitle/AIs3LoU4JUo.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+1
+00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:03,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[拍手]</font>
+
+3
+00:00:02,350 --> 00:00:04,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:05,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[拍手]</font>
+
+5
+00:00:04,510 --> 00:00:07,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+6
+00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:16,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[拍手]</font>
+
+7
+00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:17,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ua ore</font>
+
+8
+00:00:16,550 --> 00:00:20,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">どれ</font>
+
+9
+00:00:17,080 --> 00:00:20,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[拍手]</font>
+
+10
+00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:30,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">これは ab 力ハンパなし</font>
+
+11
+00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:47,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">こんな強力な海老のワンタン食べたことがない</font>
+
+12
+00:00:38,130 --> 00:00:47,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+13
+00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:52,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ああああああ</font>
+
+14
+00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:53,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">音スープ</font>
+
+15
+00:00:52,329 --> 00:00:56,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ああ</font>
+
+16
+00:00:53,840 --> 00:01:03,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">どうしてくれよ</font>
+
+17
+00:00:56,040 --> 00:01:05,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+18
+00:01:03,530 --> 00:01:05,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ん</font>
+
+19
+00:01:05,670 --> 00:01:09,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">いいいい</font>
+
+20
+00:01:07,070 --> 00:01:13,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">あった</font>
+
+21
+00:01:09,130 --> 00:01:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">っとたまげた何これ子の命</font>
+
+22
+00:01:13,660 --> 00:01:17,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+23
+00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:21,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ha</font>
+
+24
+00:01:17,799 --> 00:01:24,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ラーメン共生や雪ものっ</font>
+
+25
+00:01:21,650 --> 00:01:24,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">なんじゃこの女</font>
+
+26
+00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:35,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ワンタンにはヘロヘロタイプとず c タイプとがあり</font>
+
+27
+00:01:33,380 --> 00:01:37,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">全然違う</font>
+
+28
+00:01:35,380 --> 00:01:41,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+29
+00:01:37,950 --> 00:01:49,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">これはずっしり甘い系のかなり上位機4</font>
+
+30
+00:01:41,890 --> 00:01:52,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[音楽]</font>
+
+31
+00:01:49,359 --> 00:01:54,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ワンタンって感じで区の</font>
+
+32
+00:01:52,399 --> 00:01:59,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">飲むとかくがー</font>
+
+33
+00:01:54,390 --> 00:01:59,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">声は雲を咀嚼するあんたんだ</font>
+

subtitle/AyIqI6P8eN8.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+1
+00:00:00,439 --> 00:00:06,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is wrong four million of population</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:08,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and more than 10 million of travelers</font>
+
+3
+00:00:06,270 --> 00:00:10,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">each year and yes</font>
+
+4
+00:00:08,039 --> 00:00:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is one of the most unique city you</font>
+
+5
+00:00:10,050 --> 00:00:18,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ever see</font>
+
+6
+00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:18,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+7
+00:00:21,770 --> 00:00:28,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+8
+00:00:31,170 --> 00:00:35,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+9
+00:00:38,420 --> 00:00:44,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+10
+00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:56,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+

subtitle/CoPfYGgzCkM.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,3176 @@
+1
+00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:14,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">war crimes against</font>
+
+2
+00:00:11,799 --> 00:00:17,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Medics as a way to alleviate some of the</font>
+
+3
+00:00:14,719 --> 00:00:20,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">horrors of combat social convention and</font>
+
+4
+00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:22,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">international law make some individuals</font>
+
+5
+00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:25,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the battlefield off limits to</font>
+
+6
+00:00:22,279 --> 00:00:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deliberate targeting very often however</font>
+
+7
+00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:29,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the Heat of battle these conventions</font>
+
+8
+00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:31,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are ignored and those who should be off</font>
+
+9
+00:00:29,679 --> 00:00:35,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limit are intentionally</font>
+
+10
+00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:37,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">targeted rules and customs of War date</font>
+
+11
+00:00:35,079 --> 00:00:40,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back Centuries by the 18th century the</font>
+
+12
+00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:42,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">majority of the officer class in an army</font>
+
+13
+00:00:40,039 --> 00:00:44,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be made up of the aristocracy men</font>
+
+14
+00:00:42,280 --> 00:00:46,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of wealth and privilege these</font>
+
+15
+00:00:44,559 --> 00:00:49,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals would often attempt to</font>
+
+16
+00:00:46,039 --> 00:00:51,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conduct war in a gentlemanly fashion one</font>
+
+17
+00:00:49,039 --> 00:00:52,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of these involved the treatment of enemy</font>
+
+18
+00:00:51,039 --> 00:00:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">officers in battle the deliberate</font>
+
+19
+00:00:52,879 --> 00:00:58,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shooting of officers was considered</font>
+
+20
+00:00:55,000 --> 00:01:00,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">barbaric and to be avoided during the</font>
+
+21
+00:00:58,199 --> 00:01:03,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">American Revolution while it was was</font>
+
+22
+00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:05,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">never official policy to Target officers</font>
+
+23
+00:01:03,199 --> 00:01:08,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Continental Army did create a unit</font>
+
+24
+00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:10,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Sharpshooters who made use of highly</font>
+
+25
+00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accurate longrange rifles giving them</font>
+
+26
+00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:14,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the ability to pick specific targets as</font>
+
+27
+00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opposed to their regular army</font>
+
+28
+00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">counterparts who were armed with much</font>
+
+29
+00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less accurate smooth bar muskets under</font>
+
+30
+00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:23,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the command of Frontiersman Daniel</font>
+
+31
+00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:26,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Morgan these rifles played a decisive</font>
+
+32
+00:01:23,479 --> 00:01:29,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">role at the Battle of Saratoga in</font>
+
+33
+00:01:26,280 --> 00:01:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1777 according to Legend one of his men</font>
+
+34
+00:01:29,079 --> 00:01:33,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Timothy Murphy under Morgan's orders</font>
+
+35
+00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:37,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deliberately shot and killed British</font>
+
+36
+00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general Simon Fraser Morgan's other men</font>
+
+37
+00:01:37,119 --> 00:01:40,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also targeted other officers and</font>
+
+38
+00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artillerymen throwing the British</font>
+
+39
+00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Advance into confusion allowing the</font>
+
+40
+00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Continental Army to win the battle</font>
+
+41
+00:01:45,360 --> 00:01:50,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exactly what did happen is a bit vague</font>
+
+42
+00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:51,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but Fraser and the other officers were</font>
+
+43
+00:01:50,079 --> 00:01:53,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">definitely targeted by American</font>
+
+44
+00:01:51,799 --> 00:01:56,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sharpshooters giving the Continental</font>
+
+45
+00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:58,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Army a decisive advantage while there</font>
+
+46
+00:01:56,479 --> 00:02:01,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was never an official policy to Target</font>
+
+47
+00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such individuals those with the means to</font>
+
+48
+00:02:01,119 --> 00:02:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do so were more than willing to seek out</font>
+
+49
+00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:09,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">officers for special attention no matter</font>
+
+50
+00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:11,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how barbaric it may seem over the years</font>
+
+51
+00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:14,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">restrictions on targets were formalized</font>
+
+52
+00:02:11,879 --> 00:02:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into official treaties one of the most</font>
+
+53
+00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:17,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prominent of these restrictions is the</font>
+
+54
+00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:20,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibition of Medics and medical</font>
+
+55
+00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:22,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personnel as legitimate targets some</font>
+
+56
+00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:23,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nations however not only refus to</font>
+
+57
+00:02:22,079 --> 00:02:25,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acknowledge these International</font>
+
+58
+00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guidelines but also made the deliberate</font>
+
+59
+00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">targeting of Medics a standard tactic to</font>
+
+60
+00:02:28,480 --> 00:02:33,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be used by their armed forces two</font>
+
+61
+00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treaties that govern the conduct of</font>
+
+62
+00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:38,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers on the battlefield are the hag</font>
+
+63
+00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">convention and the Geneva Convention the</font>
+
+64
+00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:42,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">latter is a series of agreements dating</font>
+
+65
+00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back to 1864 which governed the conduct</font>
+
+66
+00:02:42,959 --> 00:02:49,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of soldiers on the battlefield it was</font>
+
+67
+00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:50,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">updated in 1906 1929 and most recently</font>
+
+68
+00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in</font>
+
+69
+00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1947 though additions have been made and</font>
+
+70
+00:02:53,319 --> 00:02:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the exact wording of the treaty has</font>
+
+71
+00:02:55,360 --> 00:03:00,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">changed over the years any deliberate</font>
+
+72
+00:02:57,840 --> 00:03:02,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attack on a medic or medical person or</font>
+
+73
+00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">any unnecessary hindrance in the</font>
+
+74
+00:03:02,519 --> 00:03:06,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">performance of their duties is</font>
+
+75
+00:03:04,319 --> 00:03:09,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">considered a war crime and can be</font>
+
+76
+00:03:06,599 --> 00:03:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prosecuted accordingly furthermore</font>
+
+77
+00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:13,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Medics are not to be taken as prisoners</font>
+
+78
+00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:16,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of War should one be captured he should</font>
+
+79
+00:03:13,799 --> 00:03:18,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be returned to Friendly lines as soon as</font>
+
+80
+00:03:16,239 --> 00:03:21,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">practical and no distinction is to be</font>
+
+81
+00:03:18,239 --> 00:03:23,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">made between military medical staff and</font>
+
+82
+00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:26,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">civilians temporary auxiliary medical</font>
+
+83
+00:03:23,959 --> 00:03:28,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personnel such as stretcher bearers and</font>
+
+84
+00:03:26,120 --> 00:03:30,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those who transported wounded or sick</font>
+
+85
+00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:32,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers are also considered</font>
+
+86
+00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:34,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatants while performing their</font>
+
+87
+00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:37,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">duties and given the same consideration</font>
+
+88
+00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:39,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as designated Medics Medics are allowed</font>
+
+89
+00:03:37,239 --> 00:03:41,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to carry weapons for personal protection</font>
+
+90
+00:03:39,519 --> 00:03:43,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or to defend the wounded under their</font>
+
+91
+00:03:41,439 --> 00:03:44,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">care without forfeiting their status as</font>
+
+92
+00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:46,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a</font>
+
+93
+00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:49,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatant however should the medic</font>
+
+94
+00:03:46,439 --> 00:03:51,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">engage in offensive combat alongside</font>
+
+95
+00:03:49,079 --> 00:03:53,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other soldiers he would forfeit his</font>
+
+96
+00:03:51,079 --> 00:03:55,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">immunity and be treated like any other</font>
+
+97
+00:03:53,159 --> 00:03:58,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soldier for the most part during World</font>
+
+98
+00:03:55,400 --> 00:04:00,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">War II Medics did not carry weapons</font>
+
+99
+00:03:58,159 --> 00:04:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though there were some exceptions</font>
+
+100
+00:04:00,519 --> 00:04:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to ensure these Personnel are easily</font>
+
+101
+00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:06,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">identified to ensure their protected</font>
+
+102
+00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:09,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">status many nations would mark them with</font>
+
+103
+00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:11,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">special symbols most often a red cross</font>
+
+104
+00:04:09,439 --> 00:04:14,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on a white background this symbol would</font>
+
+105
+00:04:11,879 --> 00:04:16,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be displayed on tents Vehicles as well</font>
+
+106
+00:04:14,519 --> 00:04:18,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as helmets and armbands as a quick</font>
+
+107
+00:04:16,639 --> 00:04:21,798
+<font color="white" size=".72c">visual reminder of the special status of</font>
+
+108
+00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:23,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bearer during World War II most</font>
+
+109
+00:04:21,798 --> 00:04:26,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">major Powers were signatories of the</font>
+
+110
+00:04:23,919 --> 00:04:28,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conventions including the United States</font>
+
+111
+00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:30,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Great Britain and Germany by and large</font>
+
+112
+00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:32,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these nations resp fected Medics and</font>
+
+113
+00:04:30,639 --> 00:04:34,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">avoided deliberately shooting them while</font>
+
+114
+00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:37,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they tended to the wounded there were</font>
+
+115
+00:04:34,639 --> 00:04:40,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some exceptions to this for example some</font>
+
+116
+00:04:37,759 --> 00:04:42,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">SS units would intentionally wound enemy</font>
+
+117
+00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:45,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers when Medical Aid arrived on the</font>
+
+118
+00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:47,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scene to treat the casualty the SS</font>
+
+119
+00:04:45,199 --> 00:04:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soldier would fire on the medic</font>
+
+120
+00:04:47,039 --> 00:04:51,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hopefully killing him there are also</font>
+
+121
+00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incidents of Allied soldiers firing on</font>
+
+122
+00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:56,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">German medical personnel in clear and</font>
+
+123
+00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:58,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deliberate violations of the ha and</font>
+
+124
+00:04:56,320 --> 00:05:01,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Geneva conventions while there are many</font>
+
+125
+00:04:58,759 --> 00:05:03,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">examples of this happening on both sides</font>
+
+126
+00:05:01,120 --> 00:05:05,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the most part the non-combatant</font>
+
+127
+00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:07,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">status of the Medics was respected on</font>
+
+128
+00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:10,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Western Front Medics would often</font>
+
+129
+00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:12,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tend to soldiers of either side in one</font>
+
+130
+00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:15,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">example a pair of American Medics used a</font>
+
+131
+00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:17,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">French church as an aid station on D-Day</font>
+
+132
+00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:19,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1944 wounded soldiers from both sides</font>
+
+133
+00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:21,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were given the same treatment the only</font>
+
+134
+00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:24,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">restriction was that all patients had to</font>
+
+135
+00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leave their weapons outside both</font>
+
+136
+00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">American and German soldiers lives were</font>
+
+137
+00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:32,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">saved due to their intervention</font>
+
+138
+00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:35,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the Eastern Front the situation was</font>
+
+139
+00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:37,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">entirely different the Soviet Union did</font>
+
+140
+00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:39,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not sign the Geneva Convention and the</font>
+
+141
+00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:43,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hay conventions were signed by Russia in</font>
+
+142
+00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:46,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1899 and 1907 with the Soviet Union</font>
+
+143
+00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">never confirming its status as signatory</font>
+
+144
+00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:51,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which provided the justification for</font>
+
+145
+00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:53,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nazi mistreatment of both prisoners and</font>
+
+146
+00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:56,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical staff when in combat Medics</font>
+
+147
+00:05:53,919 --> 00:05:57,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be treated like any other Soldier</font>
+
+148
+00:05:56,080 --> 00:06:00,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and would be eliminated without</font>
+
+149
+00:05:57,759 --> 00:06:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hesitation should a Soviet medic be</font>
+
+150
+00:06:00,280 --> 00:06:05,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">captured he would be sent to a p camp as</font>
+
+151
+00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:07,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">any other Soldier conditions in these</font>
+
+152
+00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:11,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">camps were horrendous with the Nazi</font>
+
+153
+00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:14,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">regime deliberately underfeeding Soviet</font>
+
+154
+00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:16,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">PS the main aims of the German war</font>
+
+155
+00:06:14,039 --> 00:06:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">effort in the Eastern theater of the war</font>
+
+156
+00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was leben or living space for ethnic</font>
+
+157
+00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:24,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Germans as a result treating the Soviets</font>
+
+158
+00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be they medic prisoner or any other</font>
+
+159
+00:06:24,479 --> 00:06:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protected class with utter contempt flew</font>
+
+160
+00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the face of the Nazi ideology in</font>
+
+161
+00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:34,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">response Soviet soldiers also didn't</font>
+
+162
+00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:36,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respect German Medics or medical</font>
+
+163
+00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personnel the war on the Eastern Front</font>
+
+164
+00:06:36,599 --> 00:06:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was one of Untold brutality with both</font>
+
+165
+00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sides committing atrocities against the</font>
+
+166
+00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:47,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other with no regard for international</font>
+
+167
+00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">law across the globe in the Pacific</font>
+
+168
+00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Theater of the war another military</font>
+
+169
+00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:54,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would make the killing of Medics a</font>
+
+170
+00:06:51,759 --> 00:06:56,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">priority as the United States and other</font>
+
+171
+00:06:54,280 --> 00:06:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Allied Powers conducted their island</font>
+
+172
+00:06:56,319 --> 00:07:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hopping campaign it was soon apparent</font>
+
+173
+00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:02,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the non-combat status afforded to</font>
+
+174
+00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those in medical Fields was not</font>
+
+175
+00:07:02,919 --> 00:07:08,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">applicable although the Empire of Japan</font>
+
+176
+00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:10,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">did sign the hay convention in 1907 and</font>
+
+177
+00:07:08,599 --> 00:07:14,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it also signed the Geneva Convention of</font>
+
+178
+00:07:10,639 --> 00:07:16,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1929 but it didn't ratify it Japanese</font>
+
+179
+00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leadership believed that upholding the</font>
+
+180
+00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treaty would encourage the Americans to</font>
+
+181
+00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:24,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bomb Japanese cities as any captured</font>
+
+182
+00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:26,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Airmen would be treated as legitimate PS</font>
+
+183
+00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:29,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rather than war criminals which was what</font>
+
+184
+00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:31,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Japanese considered them to be as as</font>
+
+185
+00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:33,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a result the provisions of the</font>
+
+186
+00:07:31,039 --> 00:07:36,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conventions were ignored while on</font>
+
+187
+00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:38,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">campaign many Medics found themselves</font>
+
+188
+00:07:36,199 --> 00:07:41,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the subject of special attention from</font>
+
+189
+00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:44,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their Japanese foes the Red Cross on a</font>
+
+190
+00:07:41,919 --> 00:07:46,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white background that was worn on both</font>
+
+191
+00:07:44,159 --> 00:07:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">helmets and armbands symbols that in</font>
+
+192
+00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:51,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other theaters provided a degree of</font>
+
+193
+00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:53,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection did little more than single</font>
+
+194
+00:07:51,039 --> 00:07:56,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out the wearer as the subject of special</font>
+
+195
+00:07:53,680 --> 00:07:58,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attention Medics and cormen would remove</font>
+
+196
+00:07:56,440 --> 00:08:00,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these Insignia and wear the same</font>
+
+197
+00:07:58,319 --> 00:08:02,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uniforms as their comrades as any</font>
+
+198
+00:08:00,639 --> 00:08:04,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">feature that distinguished them as</font>
+
+199
+00:08:02,360 --> 00:08:07,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical personnel would only put their</font>
+
+200
+00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:09,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lives in unnecessary risk additionally</font>
+
+201
+00:08:07,639 --> 00:08:11,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Medics and Corman in the Pacific Theater</font>
+
+202
+00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would routinely carry weapons and fight</font>
+
+203
+00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:15,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alongside their comrades though it was a</font>
+
+204
+00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">direct violation of the Geneva</font>
+
+205
+00:08:15,919 --> 00:08:20,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Convention there was little point in</font>
+
+206
+00:08:18,120 --> 00:08:22,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">following its rules as the enemy didn't</font>
+
+207
+00:08:20,680 --> 00:08:25,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respect the convention</font>
+
+208
+00:08:22,759 --> 00:08:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anyway Army medic and Medal of Honor</font>
+
+209
+00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recipient Desmond Doss noted the</font>
+
+210
+00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:32,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Japanese Obsession for attacking medical</font>
+
+211
+00:08:30,240 --> 00:08:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personnel in one interview after the war</font>
+
+212
+00:08:32,719 --> 00:08:37,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he stated quote to them the most hated</font>
+
+213
+00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:39,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">men in our army were the medics they</font>
+
+214
+00:08:37,360 --> 00:08:41,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would let anybody get by just to pick us</font>
+
+215
+00:08:39,279 --> 00:08:42,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off they were taught to kill the Medics</font>
+
+216
+00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:44,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the reason that it broke down the</font>
+
+217
+00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">morale of the men because if the medic</font>
+
+218
+00:08:44,399 --> 00:08:49,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was gone they had no one to take care of</font>
+
+219
+00:08:46,399 --> 00:08:53,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">them all the Medics were armed except me</font>
+
+220
+00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">end quote as dos States the main reason</font>
+
+221
+00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for targeting Medics was to harm</font>
+
+222
+00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">American morale should a soldier be</font>
+
+223
+00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wounded it should be the actions of a</font>
+
+224
+00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medic that would be the difference</font>
+
+225
+00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:05,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between life and death should the medic</font>
+
+226
+00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:07,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be killed or otherwise incapacitated</font>
+
+227
+00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:08,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there would be no immediate aid for any</font>
+
+228
+00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:11,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other wounded</font>
+
+229
+00:09:08,839 --> 00:09:14,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldier for centuries the designation of</font>
+
+230
+00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:16,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">legitimate and illegitimate targets has</font>
+
+231
+00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:18,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been enforced both as a social</font>
+
+232
+00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:20,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">convention and informal treaties in</font>
+
+233
+00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:22,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spite of this many have simply ignored</font>
+
+234
+00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:24,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these restrictions in order to gain an</font>
+
+235
+00:09:22,640 --> 00:09:27,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">advantage on the</font>
+
+236
+00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:30,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">battlefield the rules of War illegal</font>
+
+237
+00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:33,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acts in Warfare</font>
+
+238
+00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">far from the freefor all many believe it</font>
+
+239
+00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be Warfare is actually governed by</font>
+
+240
+00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">extensive sets of rules agreed upon by</font>
+
+241
+00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:42,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the International Community in order to</font>
+
+242
+00:09:41,120 --> 00:09:45,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limit the damage and suffering that</font>
+
+243
+00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:48,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inevitably follows a conflict these</font>
+
+244
+00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:50,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rules cover many aspects of war from the</font>
+
+245
+00:09:48,519 --> 00:09:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designation of non-combatants the</font>
+
+246
+00:09:50,680 --> 00:09:54,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treatment of Medics on the battlefield</font>
+
+247
+00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:56,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and even the types of weapons that can</font>
+
+248
+00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:59,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be used all in an attempt to mitigate</font>
+
+249
+00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the inevitable pain and misery War</font>
+
+250
+00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:04,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Warfare invariably</font>
+
+251
+00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:06,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generates while codes of conduct have</font>
+
+252
+00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">existed in militaries for centuries it</font>
+
+253
+00:10:06,519 --> 00:10:11,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wasn't until 1863 when the first formal</font>
+
+254
+00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:14,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">codification of war crimes was</font>
+
+255
+00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:16,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">established known as the Liber code</font>
+
+256
+00:10:14,279 --> 00:10:18,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">after its author Francis Liber the</font>
+
+257
+00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:21,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">document governed the conduct of Union</font>
+
+258
+00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:24,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soldiers during the American Civil War</font>
+
+259
+00:10:21,279 --> 00:10:26,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibiting quote all want and violence</font>
+
+260
+00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">committed against persons in the invaded</font>
+
+261
+00:10:26,519 --> 00:10:31,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">country end quote using the code as a</font>
+
+262
+00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:34,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guideline the International Community</font>
+
+263
+00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would formally arrange the rules and</font>
+
+264
+00:10:34,079 --> 00:10:39,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conduct of War into several treaties</font>
+
+265
+00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including the ha convention and the</font>
+
+266
+00:10:39,279 --> 00:10:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Geneva Convention among many others</font>
+
+267
+00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:46,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these treaties outline the treatment of</font>
+
+268
+00:10:43,880 --> 00:10:48,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wounded soldiers and Prisoners the</font>
+
+269
+00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection afforded to civilians and</font>
+
+270
+00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:52,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other non-combatants and even the</font>
+
+271
+00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:54,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapons that can be used over the years</font>
+
+272
+00:10:52,639 --> 00:10:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these and other treaties would be</font>
+
+273
+00:10:54,279 --> 00:10:58,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">updated and further codified expanding</font>
+
+274
+00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:01,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the included</font>
+
+275
+00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:03,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">safeguards there is however no single</font>
+
+276
+00:11:01,480 --> 00:11:06,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">code of conduct that governs all actions</font>
+
+277
+00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the battlefield and not all nations</font>
+
+278
+00:11:06,279 --> 00:11:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acknowledge the same treaties or even</font>
+
+279
+00:11:08,560 --> 00:11:12,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have the same interpretation of the</font>
+
+280
+00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:14,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">provisions of the treaties they signed</font>
+
+281
+00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:16,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generally though there are guidelines</font>
+
+282
+00:11:14,440 --> 00:11:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that are followed by the majority of</font>
+
+283
+00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:20,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nations on the</font>
+
+284
+00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:23,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">planet invalid</font>
+
+285
+00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:25,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">targets the key principle of the laws of</font>
+
+286
+00:11:23,399 --> 00:11:28,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">war attempt to mitigate suffering and</font>
+
+287
+00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:30,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">minimize damage a major part of this is</font>
+
+288
+00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:32,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">design ating those who are off limits</font>
+
+289
+00:11:30,839 --> 00:11:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for military</font>
+
+290
+00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:37,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">operations civilians one of the main</font>
+
+291
+00:11:35,480 --> 00:11:39,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">points outlined in the various rules of</font>
+
+292
+00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conduct on the battlefield designates</font>
+
+293
+00:11:39,760 --> 00:11:44,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">legitimate targets from</font>
+
+294
+00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:46,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatants civilians not actively</font>
+
+295
+00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:48,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">participating in the conflict are given</font>
+
+296
+00:11:46,079 --> 00:11:51,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">full protection under international law</font>
+
+297
+00:11:48,839 --> 00:11:53,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">violations of these safeguards include</font>
+
+298
+00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">directly attacking civilians want and</font>
+
+299
+00:11:53,839 --> 00:11:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">destruction of Civilian areas the</font>
+
+300
+00:11:56,240 --> 00:12:00,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deportation of civilians from captured</font>
+
+301
+00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">regions subjecting civilians to</font>
+
+302
+00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unnecessary dangerous or experimental</font>
+
+303
+00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:08,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical procedures and using those in</font>
+
+304
+00:12:05,680 --> 00:12:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">occupied areas for forced labor in</font>
+
+305
+00:12:08,399 --> 00:12:12,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">addition to these non-combatants</font>
+
+306
+00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:14,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">themselves public buildings are also off</font>
+
+307
+00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:18,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limits for attack these include but are</font>
+
+308
+00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not limited to schools hospitals museums</font>
+
+309
+00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:23,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">religious buildings historic sites and</font>
+
+310
+00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:25,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">monuments among many others power</font>
+
+311
+00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stations water treatment plants and</font>
+
+312
+00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:29,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other forms of necessary infrastructure</font>
+
+313
+00:12:27,920 --> 00:12:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are also off limit for</font>
+
+314
+00:12:29,839 --> 00:12:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attack in addition to these the private</font>
+
+315
+00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">property of civilians is also to be</font>
+
+316
+00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:39,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respected wherever possible looting</font>
+
+317
+00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:41,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plundering stealing or any other form of</font>
+
+318
+00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:43,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">theft is also forbidden weapons and</font>
+
+319
+00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other military hardware can be seized</font>
+
+320
+00:12:43,639 --> 00:12:48,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during wartime but other objects that</font>
+
+321
+00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:50,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are not military in nature should not be</font>
+
+322
+00:12:48,639 --> 00:12:52,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">touched these types of structures are</font>
+
+323
+00:12:50,839 --> 00:12:54,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strictly off limits unless their</font>
+
+324
+00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:57,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">destruction is absolutely necessary for</font>
+
+325
+00:12:54,639 --> 00:12:59,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a military objective for example a</font>
+
+326
+00:12:57,199 --> 00:13:02,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">museum is considered a protect ected</font>
+
+327
+00:12:59,199 --> 00:13:03,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">location and attacking it a war crime</font>
+
+328
+00:13:02,079 --> 00:13:05,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though if the building is fortified</font>
+
+329
+00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:07,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">storing weapons or in any way</font>
+
+330
+00:13:05,519 --> 00:13:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contributing to the war effort it</font>
+
+331
+00:13:07,399 --> 00:13:11,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becomes a legitimate Target and can be</font>
+
+332
+00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:12,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">destroyed in the same way as any other</font>
+
+333
+00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">military</font>
+
+334
+00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">installation journalists and reporters</font>
+
+335
+00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in war zones are also to be considered</font>
+
+336
+00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:21,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">civilians and afforded the same</font>
+
+337
+00:13:19,120 --> 00:13:23,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection as civilians elsewhere</font>
+
+338
+00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:25,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">provided they don't take part in any</font>
+
+339
+00:13:23,199 --> 00:13:27,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actual fighting or participate in any</font>
+
+340
+00:13:25,199 --> 00:13:29,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other way such as through</font>
+
+341
+00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:31,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">espionage</font>
+
+342
+00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:34,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical personnel and</font>
+
+343
+00:13:31,639 --> 00:13:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clergy one of the most extensive series</font>
+
+344
+00:13:34,399 --> 00:13:39,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of protections outlined by international</font>
+
+345
+00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:41,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">law are the ones regarding the safety of</font>
+
+346
+00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:43,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical personnel under most treaties</font>
+
+347
+00:13:41,680 --> 00:13:44,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical personnel performing their</font>
+
+348
+00:13:43,279 --> 00:13:46,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">duties are to be considered</font>
+
+349
+00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:49,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatants and afforded full</font>
+
+350
+00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection under law doctors nurses</font>
+
+351
+00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:53,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stretcher bearers and those who</font>
+
+352
+00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:56,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transport the wounded are not to be</font>
+
+353
+00:13:53,320 --> 00:13:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">targeted at any time likewise hospitals</font>
+
+354
+00:13:56,720 --> 00:14:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Aid stations and any location design</font>
+
+355
+00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:02,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designated for the treatment of wounded</font>
+
+356
+00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals are also given the same</font>
+
+357
+00:14:02,399 --> 00:14:06,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection these areas as well as</font>
+
+358
+00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transport Vehicles such as helicopters</font>
+
+359
+00:14:06,839 --> 00:14:11,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ambulances and others should be marked</font>
+
+360
+00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a distinguishing feature usually a</font>
+
+361
+00:14:11,160 --> 00:14:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">red cross on a white background denoting</font>
+
+362
+00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:18,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it as being used for medical and not</font>
+
+363
+00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:20,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">military purposes deliberately attacking</font>
+
+364
+00:14:18,199 --> 00:14:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a vehicle marked in that way is a war</font>
+
+365
+00:14:20,639 --> 00:14:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crime and can be prosecuted as</font>
+
+366
+00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:28,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such the situation is somewhat more</font>
+
+367
+00:14:25,880 --> 00:14:30,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flexible in regard to combat Medics most</font>
+
+368
+00:14:28,759 --> 00:14:32,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treaties and laws stipulate that Medics</font>
+
+369
+00:14:30,639 --> 00:14:33,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the battlefield are granted the same</font>
+
+370
+00:14:32,399 --> 00:14:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection as any other medical</font>
+
+371
+00:14:33,959 --> 00:14:38,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personnel in most cases though they're</font>
+
+372
+00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also permitted to carry weapons this</font>
+
+373
+00:14:38,399 --> 00:14:42,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allows them to protect themselves and</font>
+
+374
+00:14:40,279 --> 00:14:44,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their patients from deliberate attacks</font>
+
+375
+00:14:42,279 --> 00:14:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which are in violation of international</font>
+
+376
+00:14:44,399 --> 00:14:49,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">law the exact type of weapons permitted</font>
+
+377
+00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:51,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">varies from military to military but</font>
+
+378
+00:14:49,199 --> 00:14:53,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">generally speaking those designed for</font>
+
+379
+00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:55,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personal use are allowed such as rifles</font>
+
+380
+00:14:53,519 --> 00:14:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and pistols though anything that has a</font>
+
+381
+00:14:55,600 --> 00:15:00,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">greater destructive potential such as a</font>
+
+382
+00:14:57,839 --> 00:15:02,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rocket launcher or mortar are not</font>
+
+383
+00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:04,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allowed in practice if a medic is</font>
+
+384
+00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:06,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treating a wounded soldier and an enemy</font>
+
+385
+00:15:04,959 --> 00:15:08,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">combatant attempts to finish off the</font>
+
+386
+00:15:06,759 --> 00:15:10,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">casualty the medic is allowed to</font>
+
+387
+00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eliminate this threat while still</font>
+
+388
+00:15:10,279 --> 00:15:15,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">retaining his status as a non-combatant</font>
+
+389
+00:15:13,199 --> 00:15:17,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">likewise he's allowed to defend himself</font>
+
+390
+00:15:15,199 --> 00:15:19,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and his patients from Marauders that may</font>
+
+391
+00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:21,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be roaming the battlefield looking for</font>
+
+392
+00:15:19,279 --> 00:15:24,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dead and injured soldiers to Rob should</font>
+
+393
+00:15:21,839 --> 00:15:25,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the medic participate in a direct action</font>
+
+394
+00:15:24,079 --> 00:15:28,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">against the enemy though such as</font>
+
+395
+00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:29,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">providing covering fire for his comrades</font>
+
+396
+00:15:28,319 --> 00:15:31,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he would automatically lose his</font>
+
+397
+00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:33,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protected status and would be treated</font>
+
+398
+00:15:31,759 --> 00:15:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the same way as any other</font>
+
+399
+00:15:33,519 --> 00:15:38,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soldier during many conflicts such as</font>
+
+400
+00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first in second world wars Medics</font>
+
+401
+00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:41,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">operating on the battlefield did not</font>
+
+402
+00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">carry weapons which helped to avoid</font>
+
+403
+00:15:41,959 --> 00:15:46,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">confusion in the chaos of a combat</font>
+
+404
+00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:48,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">environment if someone is not carrying a</font>
+
+405
+00:15:46,639 --> 00:15:50,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon it's highly likely that this</font>
+
+406
+00:15:48,639 --> 00:15:52,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individual is a medic and those who</font>
+
+407
+00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:56,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respected International laws would not</font>
+
+408
+00:15:52,759 --> 00:15:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shoot them though not medical personnel</font>
+
+409
+00:15:56,279 --> 00:16:00,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clergy and those designated to tend to</font>
+
+410
+00:15:58,440 --> 00:16:03,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this the spiritual needs of soldiers are</font>
+
+411
+00:16:00,519 --> 00:16:05,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also given similar</font>
+
+412
+00:16:03,279 --> 00:16:08,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection other</font>
+
+413
+00:16:05,759 --> 00:16:10,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatants as a general rule only</font>
+
+414
+00:16:08,279 --> 00:16:11,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those in uniform capable of</font>
+
+415
+00:16:10,079 --> 00:16:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">participating in the fighting are</font>
+
+416
+00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:15,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allowed to be targeted while those who</font>
+
+417
+00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:17,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are incapable of resistance are to be</font>
+
+418
+00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:19,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">considered</font>
+
+419
+00:16:17,079 --> 00:16:21,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatants these include prisoners</font>
+
+420
+00:16:19,199 --> 00:16:23,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or any soldier who lays down his weapons</font>
+
+421
+00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:26,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those who are wounded and unable to</font>
+
+422
+00:16:23,839 --> 00:16:29,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">resist those Shipwrecked at Sea Air</font>
+
+423
+00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:31,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Crews parachuting to the ground Etc ET</font>
+
+424
+00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:33,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these are generally known as persons or</font>
+
+425
+00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:36,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to combat while they are in such a</font>
+
+426
+00:16:33,959 --> 00:16:38,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vulnerable state these individuals are</font>
+
+427
+00:16:36,079 --> 00:16:41,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not a threat and attacking them would</font>
+
+428
+00:16:38,319 --> 00:16:43,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">constitute a war crime should conditions</font>
+
+429
+00:16:41,199 --> 00:16:45,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">permit they should be taken into custody</font>
+
+430
+00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:46,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and treated as prisoners of war and</font>
+
+431
+00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">given all the protection that is given</font>
+
+432
+00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by that however should these seemingly</font>
+
+433
+00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:54,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vulnerable individuals resist they would</font>
+
+434
+00:16:51,560 --> 00:16:56,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">automatically become a legitimate Target</font>
+
+435
+00:16:54,319 --> 00:16:58,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example if a wounded soldier</font>
+
+436
+00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:59,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">continues to shoot at the enemy he is</font>
+
+437
+00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">simply an another enemy combatant and</font>
+
+438
+00:16:59,920 --> 00:17:04,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can be treated as such in a similar</font>
+
+439
+00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:06,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fashion a parachuting air crew that uses</font>
+
+440
+00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:09,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their service weapons to shoot at the</font>
+
+441
+00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enemy as they descend forfeit their</font>
+
+442
+00:17:09,199 --> 00:17:15,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection and can receive return</font>
+
+443
+00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fire faking surrender and</font>
+
+444
+00:17:15,839 --> 00:17:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perfidy faking a surrender or wound in</font>
+
+445
+00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:24,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order to deceive the enemy is forbidden</font>
+
+446
+00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:26,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">should a soldier pretend to surrender</font>
+
+447
+00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:28,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only then to turn on their enemy is</font>
+
+448
+00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">considered a war crime which can be</font>
+
+449
+00:17:28,039 --> 00:17:32,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prose uted as such this is not only</font>
+
+450
+00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">illegal but it would be frowned upon by</font>
+
+451
+00:17:32,679 --> 00:17:36,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the comrades of the individual who</font>
+
+452
+00:17:34,559 --> 00:17:39,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attempts it as it also puts their lives</font>
+
+453
+00:17:36,679 --> 00:17:41,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into Jeopardy doing so invalidates</font>
+
+454
+00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:43,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surrender as an option as the survivors</font>
+
+455
+00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of such an act will be less likely to</font>
+
+456
+00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:49,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">honor any future legitimate attempts to</font>
+
+457
+00:17:46,799 --> 00:17:51,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surrender perfidy or leading the enemy</font>
+
+458
+00:17:49,640 --> 00:17:53,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into believing that they're under the</font>
+
+459
+00:17:51,039 --> 00:17:56,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection of international law only to</font>
+
+460
+00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">break that confidence is strictly banned</font>
+
+461
+00:17:56,480 --> 00:18:00,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an example of this would be encouraging</font>
+
+462
+00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:02,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an enemy to surrender only to shoot them</font>
+
+463
+00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:04,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">once they give up their weapons or</font>
+
+464
+00:18:02,679 --> 00:18:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breaking the truce once they let their</font>
+
+465
+00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:09,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guard</font>
+
+466
+00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:12,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down uniforms Espionage and</font>
+
+467
+00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:14,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">symbols those who participate in combat</font>
+
+468
+00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are granted protection under the Geneva</font>
+
+469
+00:18:14,840 --> 00:18:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Convention and other treaties but must</font>
+
+470
+00:18:17,240 --> 00:18:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wear something to designate themselves</font>
+
+471
+00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:24,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as such a uniform issued by the military</font>
+
+472
+00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:27,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is sufficient for this purpose likewise</font>
+
+473
+00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:29,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">militia resistance movements and other</font>
+
+474
+00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">informal organizations are also granted</font>
+
+475
+00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:33,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the same protections but these</font>
+
+476
+00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:35,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals usually lack standard issue</font>
+
+477
+00:18:33,559 --> 00:18:37,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uniforms and have to wear some</font>
+
+478
+00:18:35,320 --> 00:18:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designating symbol to Mark themselves as</font>
+
+479
+00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a legitimate combatant these don't have</font>
+
+480
+00:18:40,159 --> 00:18:44,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be elaborate even something as simple</font>
+
+481
+00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as a colored armband is sufficient for</font>
+
+482
+00:18:44,360 --> 00:18:48,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this purpose any combatants who don't</font>
+
+483
+00:18:46,799 --> 00:18:50,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wear distinguishing markings are not</font>
+
+484
+00:18:48,760 --> 00:18:53,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">covered by the laws that provide</font>
+
+485
+00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protection for legitimate soldiers spies</font>
+
+486
+00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:57,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who operate while wearing civilian</font>
+
+487
+00:18:55,840 --> 00:19:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clothing or the clothing of the enemy</font>
+
+488
+00:18:57,799 --> 00:19:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are not considered legitimate combatants</font>
+
+489
+00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:04,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and are not afforded the same</font>
+
+490
+00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:05,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protections if captured any laws</font>
+
+491
+00:19:04,159 --> 00:19:07,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">regarding the treatment of captured</font>
+
+492
+00:19:05,679 --> 00:19:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers are not applicable these</font>
+
+493
+00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:12,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individuals are given the right to a</font>
+
+494
+00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fair trial before any punitive actions</font>
+
+495
+00:19:12,039 --> 00:19:16,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but they can be subject to punishments</font>
+
+496
+00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not metered out to most soldiers and</font>
+
+497
+00:19:16,240 --> 00:19:20,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">normally resulting with the death</font>
+
+498
+00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">penalty should a soldier remove his</font>
+
+499
+00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:25,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uniform to Dawn enemy or civilian</font>
+
+500
+00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:27,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clothing any protection granted to them</font>
+
+501
+00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be forfeited and the individual</font>
+
+502
+00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be considered a spy and treated</font>
+
+503
+00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:34,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accordingly this rule also covers the</font>
+
+504
+00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:37,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use of other symbols and uniforms that</font>
+
+505
+00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:40,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">may Grant special protections the use of</font>
+
+506
+00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:42,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">un Red Cross or other symbols or that of</font>
+
+507
+00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:44,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a neutral Nation to deceive the enemy is</font>
+
+508
+00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:46,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also</font>
+
+509
+00:19:44,679 --> 00:19:49,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited child</font>
+
+510
+00:19:46,919 --> 00:19:51,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers one of the most tragic aspects</font>
+
+511
+00:19:49,559 --> 00:19:54,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of warfare is the use of the very young</font>
+
+512
+00:19:51,799 --> 00:19:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the front lines multiple treaties</font>
+
+513
+00:19:54,159 --> 00:19:57,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">address this issue Banning the use of</font>
+
+514
+00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">children as soldiers under any</font>
+
+515
+00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:02,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">circumstance St from participating in</font>
+
+516
+00:19:59,679 --> 00:20:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Warfare including Espionage acting as</font>
+
+517
+00:20:02,440 --> 00:20:07,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">couriers or as Guides of other military</font>
+
+518
+00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:09,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forces different treaties limit the age</font>
+
+519
+00:20:07,159 --> 00:20:11,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of combatants with some placing the</font>
+
+520
+00:20:09,039 --> 00:20:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">youngest at 15 While others raise the</font>
+
+521
+00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limit to 18 years of age should a child</font>
+
+522
+00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be caught up in the fighting or live in</font>
+
+523
+00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:20,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an area under enemy occupation any</font>
+
+524
+00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:23,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">punishment regardless of the crime</font>
+
+525
+00:20:20,559 --> 00:20:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cannot include the death penalty under</font>
+
+526
+00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the provisions of the Fourth Geneva</font>
+
+527
+00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Convention execution of an individual</font>
+
+528
+00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">under the age of 18 at the time of the</font>
+
+529
+00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alleged crime is expressly</font>
+
+530
+00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:37,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forbidden other illegal</font>
+
+531
+00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:40,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actions a number of actions that can</font>
+
+532
+00:20:37,760 --> 00:20:42,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">occur in war are strictly prohibited</font>
+
+533
+00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these include hostage taking use of</font>
+
+534
+00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">human Shields killing of hostages</font>
+
+535
+00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">torture the deliberate killing of</font>
+
+536
+00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:51,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prisoners intentionally starving</font>
+
+537
+00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:53,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prisoners or others under a military's</font>
+
+538
+00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:56,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">care as well as the use of starvation as</font>
+
+539
+00:20:53,919 --> 00:20:58,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a weapon against civilian populations</font>
+
+540
+00:20:56,919 --> 00:21:01,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are also rules relating to any</font>
+
+541
+00:20:58,919 --> 00:21:03,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">persecution against political ethnic</font>
+
+542
+00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:05,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">religious or racial</font>
+
+543
+00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:08,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">groups the overall intention of</font>
+
+544
+00:21:05,919 --> 00:21:10,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">international treaties is to minimize</font>
+
+545
+00:21:08,159 --> 00:21:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the suffering and bloodshed especially</font>
+
+546
+00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:15,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">among those that are not taking part in</font>
+
+547
+00:21:12,360 --> 00:21:17,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the fighting using hostages or human</font>
+
+548
+00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:19,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shields deliberately places these</font>
+
+549
+00:21:17,159 --> 00:21:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protected individuals In Harm's Way</font>
+
+550
+00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:24,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which can only serve to increase</font>
+
+551
+00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:26,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unnecessary Carnage for similar reasons</font>
+
+552
+00:21:24,039 --> 00:21:28,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">torture is also prohibited Corporal</font>
+
+553
+00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">punishments for crimes committed are</font>
+
+554
+00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:32,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also illegal as well as collective</font>
+
+555
+00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">punishments there are also very strong</font>
+
+556
+00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:37,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Provisions against attempted genocide</font>
+
+557
+00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">throughout the 20th century many</font>
+
+558
+00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:41,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attempts have been made to wipe out</font>
+
+559
+00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:43,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">groups due to their ethnic religious</font>
+
+560
+00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:46,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">political or other affiliations these</font>
+
+561
+00:21:43,919 --> 00:21:48,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actions and others do nothing to further</font>
+
+562
+00:21:46,279 --> 00:21:52,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">legitimate military aims and only</font>
+
+563
+00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:52,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase the experience suffering</font>
+
+564
+00:21:52,679 --> 00:21:57,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unnecessarily banned</font>
+
+565
+00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:59,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapons limiting undue suffering is a</font>
+
+566
+00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">key component of the laws regarding</font>
+
+567
+00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:04,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Warfare any weapon that's designed to</font>
+
+568
+00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:07,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cause unnecessary misery or distress or</font>
+
+569
+00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:10,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is designed to kill in an inhumane way</font>
+
+570
+00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:13,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is banned for use by international</font>
+
+571
+00:22:10,679 --> 00:22:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">law chemical weapons and</font>
+
+572
+00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:17,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">poisons the use of chemical weapons in</font>
+
+573
+00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:20,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Warfare is banned as these cause</font>
+
+574
+00:22:17,919 --> 00:22:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unnecessary suffering in order to</font>
+
+575
+00:22:20,360 --> 00:22:24,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prevent the horrors experienced in the</font>
+
+576
+00:22:22,360 --> 00:22:27,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first world war the use of mustard and</font>
+
+577
+00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chlorine gas is strictly prohibited as</font>
+
+578
+00:22:27,279 --> 00:22:33,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our other lethal chemicals such as VX</font>
+
+579
+00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nerve gas sarin and others even</font>
+
+580
+00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:38,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-lethal types of gas are banned from</font>
+
+581
+00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:40,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use in Warfare tear gas commonly used</font>
+
+582
+00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:42,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">domestically for riot control as an</font>
+
+583
+00:22:40,559 --> 00:22:44,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">irritant which causes difficulty</font>
+
+584
+00:22:42,559 --> 00:22:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breathing and eye irritation but is not</font>
+
+585
+00:22:44,760 --> 00:22:49,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lethal is prohibited in</font>
+
+586
+00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Warfare poisons are also strictly</font>
+
+587
+00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:53,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited so contaminating food or</font>
+
+588
+00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:57,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">water supplies is completely banned by</font>
+
+589
+00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:59,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">international law poisoned bullets or</font>
+
+590
+00:22:57,039 --> 00:23:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other munitions that carry a toxic agent</font>
+
+591
+00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:04,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are also</font>
+
+592
+00:23:01,840 --> 00:23:07,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forbidden biological</font>
+
+593
+00:23:04,120 --> 00:23:09,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">agents the use of bacteria viruses or</font>
+
+594
+00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:12,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other disease-causing agents is</font>
+
+595
+00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited by international law not only</font>
+
+596
+00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:16,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">does this cause unnecessary suffering</font>
+
+597
+00:23:14,520 --> 00:23:18,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which can vary greatly depending on the</font>
+
+598
+00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:21,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">type of disease employed but it is</font>
+
+599
+00:23:18,679 --> 00:23:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">difficult if not impossible to control</font>
+
+600
+00:23:21,360 --> 00:23:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of the main factors in the rules of</font>
+
+601
+00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">warfare is to limit indiscriminate</font>
+
+602
+00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:30,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">destruction and loss of life most weap</font>
+
+603
+00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:32,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have a foreseeable area of effect</font>
+
+604
+00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">diseases however are not nearly as</font>
+
+605
+00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:36,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">predictable contagious diseases can</font>
+
+606
+00:23:34,799 --> 00:23:38,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spread rapidly to non- combatants which</font>
+
+607
+00:23:36,919 --> 00:23:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can even spread to non-affiliated</font>
+
+608
+00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:43,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nations such as neutral countries</font>
+
+609
+00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bordering the conflict</font>
+
+610
+00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:48,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Zone</font>
+
+611
+00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">landmines no other weapon has caused as</font>
+
+612
+00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:53,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much controversy than landmines the main</font>
+
+613
+00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:56,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reason for the prohibition of these</font>
+
+614
+00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapons is their indiscriminate nature</font>
+
+615
+00:23:56,039 --> 00:24:00,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">once buried they can remain DOR for</font>
+
+616
+00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:03,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years only to be triggered by a hapless</font>
+
+617
+00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:05,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">individual well after the end of any</font>
+
+618
+00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conflict over the decades multiple</font>
+
+619
+00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treaties have been signed by Nations</font>
+
+620
+00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:11,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around the world prohibiting or limiting</font>
+
+621
+00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:13,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their use some countries place an</font>
+
+622
+00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:16,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outright ban on their usage while some</font>
+
+623
+00:24:13,679 --> 00:24:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only prohibit anti-personnel mines which</font>
+
+624
+00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:21,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are designed to maim rather than kill if</font>
+
+625
+00:24:19,120 --> 00:24:23,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">landmines are deployed there are</font>
+
+626
+00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:25,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">multiple restrictions on their usage</font>
+
+627
+00:24:23,559 --> 00:24:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they must be kept away from areas</font>
+
+628
+00:24:25,159 --> 00:24:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traveled by civilians as much as</font>
+
+629
+00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:31,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">possible and clearly marked to prevent a</font>
+
+630
+00:24:29,159 --> 00:24:33,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-combatant from stumbling into a mind</font>
+
+631
+00:24:31,279 --> 00:24:35,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">field by mistake at the end of the</font>
+
+632
+00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:37,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conflict the mines must either be</font>
+
+633
+00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:39,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recovered or destroyed in order to</font>
+
+634
+00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:42,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prevent risks to civilians long after</font>
+
+635
+00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:44,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the conflict is over many mines can be</font>
+
+636
+00:24:42,360 --> 00:24:46,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">equipped with a timer setting them to</font>
+
+637
+00:24:44,279 --> 00:24:48,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detonate after a certain time period in</font>
+
+638
+00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order to avoid remaining in the ground</font>
+
+639
+00:24:48,159 --> 00:24:52,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for potentially</font>
+
+640
+00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years plastic landmines which are much</font>
+
+641
+00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:57,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">harder to detect and remove compared to</font>
+
+642
+00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:58,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their metal counterparts are prohibited</font>
+
+643
+00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:00,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from use</font>
+
+644
+00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:01,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like other landmines they can remain</font>
+
+645
+00:25:00,159 --> 00:25:04,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inactive for many years after the end of</font>
+
+646
+00:25:01,919 --> 00:25:06,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a conflict but are much harder to find</font>
+
+647
+00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and deactivate making them an even</font>
+
+648
+00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">greater threat than the conventional</font>
+
+649
+00:25:07,799 --> 00:25:13,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">metal ones international law does not</font>
+
+650
+00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:15,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cover the use of remotely detonated</font>
+
+651
+00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:16,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mines so long as they're recovered at</font>
+
+652
+00:25:15,039 --> 00:25:19,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the end of the conflict and are not</font>
+
+653
+00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:21,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">employed in civilian</font>
+
+654
+00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:23,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">areas</font>
+
+655
+00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:26,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lasers any weapon that is intended to</font>
+
+656
+00:25:23,799 --> 00:25:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cause permanent paralysis or injury is</font>
+
+657
+00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">banned from Warfare</font>
+
+658
+00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:32,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lasers or any other tool designed to</font>
+
+659
+00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:35,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deliberately cause blindness is</font>
+
+660
+00:25:32,799 --> 00:25:36,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited from use as a weapon it's</font>
+
+661
+00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:39,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">important to note that this ban only</font>
+
+662
+00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:42,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">applies to lasers designed and intended</font>
+
+663
+00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:44,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to cause eye damage in the enemy lasers</font>
+
+664
+00:25:42,559 --> 00:25:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are commonly used by militaries around</font>
+
+665
+00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:49,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world as targeting devices for</font>
+
+666
+00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:51,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">signaling and Communications and other</font>
+
+667
+00:25:49,399 --> 00:25:54,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tasks all of which are legitimate should</font>
+
+668
+00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an enemy combatant be blinded by mistake</font>
+
+669
+00:25:54,360 --> 00:25:58,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during the use of one of these tools</font>
+
+670
+00:25:56,360 --> 00:26:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is not to be considered a war crime</font>
+
+671
+00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:04,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rather an unfortunate</font>
+
+672
+00:26:01,520 --> 00:26:06,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accident expanding and exploding</font>
+
+673
+00:26:04,679 --> 00:26:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bullets the use of bullets that are</font>
+
+674
+00:26:06,919 --> 00:26:11,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designed to either expand or flatten</font>
+
+675
+00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">upon impact with the human body are</font>
+
+676
+00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:16,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited from use in Warfare most</font>
+
+677
+00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:17,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">commonly in the form of hollow points</font>
+
+678
+00:26:16,159 --> 00:26:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these were first banned in the hay</font>
+
+679
+00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:23,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Convention of 1899 designated originally</font>
+
+680
+00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as dum dum bullets these Munitions were</font>
+
+681
+00:26:23,399 --> 00:26:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">believed to have caused unnecessary</font>
+
+682
+00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suffering and are not allowed for use on</font>
+
+683
+00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the battle field incidentally the United</font>
+
+684
+00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:33,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">States while a signatory of the hay</font>
+
+685
+00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:35,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">convention maintains the use of</font>
+
+686
+00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:38,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">expanding ammunition is legal if there</font>
+
+687
+00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a quote clear showing of military</font>
+
+688
+00:26:38,559 --> 00:26:43,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">necessity for its use end quote in spite</font>
+
+689
+00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of this the United States did not</font>
+
+690
+00:26:43,159 --> 00:26:47,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contest the illegal ruling of this type</font>
+
+691
+00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:50,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of ammunition during negotiations in the</font>
+
+692
+00:26:47,559 --> 00:26:52,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">international courts in 1998 and does</font>
+
+693
+00:26:50,279 --> 00:26:55,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not supply such Munitions to its</font>
+
+694
+00:26:52,279 --> 00:26:57,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers similarly exploding bullets are</font>
+
+695
+00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:59,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also banned from use in Warfare as a</font>
+
+696
+00:26:57,679 --> 00:27:02,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general rule any projectile that is</font>
+
+697
+00:26:59,799 --> 00:27:04,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designed to explode upon contact with</font>
+
+698
+00:27:02,120 --> 00:27:07,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">human flesh will cause unnecessary</font>
+
+699
+00:27:04,360 --> 00:27:09,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suffering to the victim this particular</font>
+
+700
+00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:12,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rule is somewhat ambiguous as hand</font>
+
+701
+00:27:09,559 --> 00:27:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grenades anti-aircraft shells and other</font>
+
+702
+00:27:12,039 --> 00:27:17,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">small explosive projectiles are commonly</font>
+
+703
+00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:19,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in use by most militaries without any</font>
+
+704
+00:27:17,159 --> 00:27:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">objection by the International Community</font>
+
+705
+00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in practice the crime is the deliberate</font>
+
+706
+00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use of such a device against humans</font>
+
+707
+00:27:24,520 --> 00:27:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">employing explosive rounds for</font>
+
+708
+00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anti-vehicle purposes is acceptable but</font>
+
+709
+00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:33,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deliberately targeting humans is a crime</font>
+
+710
+00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">under international</font>
+
+711
+00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:39,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">law non-detectable</font>
+
+712
+00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fragments explosive shells mines or</font>
+
+713
+00:27:39,559 --> 00:27:43,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other devices that produce</font>
+
+714
+00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:45,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-detectable fragments are banned for</font>
+
+715
+00:27:43,159 --> 00:27:48,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use in Warfare many anti-personnel</font>
+
+716
+00:27:45,799 --> 00:27:50,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">devices rely on fragmentation for their</font>
+
+717
+00:27:48,399 --> 00:27:52,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">effectiveness usually made out of easily</font>
+
+718
+00:27:50,679 --> 00:27:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detectable metal particles which can be</font>
+
+719
+00:27:52,919 --> 00:27:57,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">picked up on x-ray and other medical</font>
+
+720
+00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:59,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">devices allowing doctors to take the</font>
+
+721
+00:27:57,120 --> 00:28:02,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appropriate steps to treat a wounded</font>
+
+722
+00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:05,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldier some Munitions employ the use of</font>
+
+723
+00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glass plastic or other material it's</font>
+
+724
+00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:09,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">difficult to detect by doctors who often</font>
+
+725
+00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:11,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have to resort to finding the fragments</font>
+
+726
+00:28:09,159 --> 00:28:13,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">manually causing additional pain and</font>
+
+727
+00:28:11,279 --> 00:28:15,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medical complications these weapons</font>
+
+728
+00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:17,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">serve no military purpose and only</font>
+
+729
+00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:19,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase the suffering of those</font>
+
+730
+00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:21,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unfortunate enough to be affected by</font>
+
+731
+00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:24,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such a device as such these weapons are</font>
+
+732
+00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:28,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited by multiple</font>
+
+733
+00:28:24,559 --> 00:28:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treaties flamethrowers and Flame weapons</font>
+
+734
+00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:32,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two of the most iconic weapons in use</font>
+
+735
+00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:35,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during the 20th century are</font>
+
+736
+00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flamethrowers and Napal incendiary</font>
+
+737
+00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:39,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">devices that set fire to everything</font>
+
+738
+00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:41,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around them these weapons are legal to</font>
+
+739
+00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use though with many</font>
+
+740
+00:28:41,399 --> 00:28:46,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">restrictions incendiary devices are</font>
+
+741
+00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:48,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibited for use in areas occupied or</font>
+
+742
+00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:51,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">frequented by civilians should such a</font>
+
+743
+00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:53,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon be employed every measure must be</font>
+
+744
+00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:56,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taken to ensure the fire does not spread</font>
+
+745
+00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:58,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into civilian areas incendiary weapons</font>
+
+746
+00:28:56,679 --> 00:29:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can be used against combatants but only</font>
+
+747
+00:28:58,919 --> 00:29:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if there are no other ways to eliminate</font>
+
+748
+00:29:00,720 --> 00:29:05,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the enemy with less harmful methods in</font>
+
+749
+00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:07,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">modern-day conflicts with much of the</font>
+
+750
+00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fighting taking place in urban areas</font>
+
+751
+00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:12,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is often difficult and many</font>
+
+752
+00:29:09,799 --> 00:29:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">military simply forego their use</font>
+
+753
+00:29:12,039 --> 00:29:16,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">altogether flamethrowers and napom can</font>
+
+754
+00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be used to clear foliage and other</font>
+
+755
+00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:20,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vegetation but only if it serves a</font>
+
+756
+00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:22,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">military purpose and is well away from</font>
+
+757
+00:29:20,279 --> 00:29:24,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">civilian</font>
+
+758
+00:29:22,519 --> 00:29:27,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">areas cluster</font>
+
+759
+00:29:24,799 --> 00:29:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bombs cluster bombs also known as</font>
+
+760
+00:29:27,799 --> 00:29:33,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cluster Munitions are banned for use by</font>
+
+761
+00:29:30,440 --> 00:29:35,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over 100 countries around the world</font>
+
+762
+00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:38,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these Munitions consist of a single bomb</font>
+
+763
+00:29:35,679 --> 00:29:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or shell that deploys smaller Munitions</font>
+
+764
+00:29:38,679 --> 00:29:43,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called bomblets that can spread out over</font>
+
+765
+00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:46,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a large area cluster bombs are difficult</font>
+
+766
+00:29:43,919 --> 00:29:48,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to control and can cover a large area</font>
+
+767
+00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:50,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">causing indiscriminate destruction which</font>
+
+768
+00:29:48,799 --> 00:29:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is at odds with the intent of</font>
+
+769
+00:29:50,399 --> 00:29:55,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">international law limiting Devastation</font>
+
+770
+00:29:53,440 --> 00:29:57,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">furthermore these bomb lits are</font>
+
+771
+00:29:55,320 --> 00:30:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unreliable with estimates placing the</font>
+
+772
+00:29:57,519 --> 00:30:02,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">failure rate at between 10 to 40% this</font>
+
+773
+00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:05,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leaves unexploded ordinance spread over</font>
+
+774
+00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a large area posing a risk to civilians</font>
+
+775
+00:30:05,640 --> 00:30:09,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even years after the</font>
+
+776
+00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:12,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conflict recently the United States has</font>
+
+777
+00:30:09,960 --> 00:30:14,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">agreed to supply Ukraine with cluster</font>
+
+778
+00:30:12,039 --> 00:30:15,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Munitions an act that has caused</font>
+
+779
+00:30:14,279 --> 00:30:18,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">controversy among the International</font>
+
+780
+00:30:15,919 --> 00:30:20,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Community including NATO allies such as</font>
+
+781
+00:30:18,679 --> 00:30:23,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Germany and the UK who have fully</font>
+
+782
+00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:26,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outlawed their</font>
+
+783
+00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use there are a myriad of other laws</font>
+
+784
+00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:30,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that govern the conduct soldiers on the</font>
+
+785
+00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:33,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">battlefield as the nature of war is</font>
+
+786
+00:30:30,919 --> 00:30:35,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">constantly evolving these laws will</font>
+
+787
+00:30:33,159 --> 00:30:37,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evolve as well the nations of the world</font>
+
+788
+00:30:35,519 --> 00:30:40,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will be compelled to create a new</font>
+
+789
+00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:42,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">updated set of rules on warfare and</font>
+
+790
+00:30:40,360 --> 00:30:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reinterpret existing statutes in order</font>
+
+791
+00:30:42,840 --> 00:30:47,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to protect those caught up in the sheer</font>
+
+792
+00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">destruction that combat inevitably</font>
+
+793
+00:30:47,399 --> 00:30:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leaves</font>
+
+794
+00:30:53,799 --> 00:30:56,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behind</font>
+

subtitle/DfZIv2FKWj4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+1
+00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:13,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so after months of preparation the time</font>
+
+2
+00:00:09,800 --> 00:00:15,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has come the wait almost over for the</font>
+
+3
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:22,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">defending Champions and the new boys</font>
+
+4
+00:00:15,850 --> 00:00:22,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+5
+00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Samoa fight</font>
+
+6
+00:00:32,070 --> 00:00:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+7
+00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+8
+00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:42,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+9
+00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spee fore</font>
+
+10
+00:01:00,199 --> 00:01:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">penalty</font>
+
+11
+00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:05,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Advantage call is there for England if</font>
+
+12
+00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they need it ioy is the man who's going</font>
+
+13
+00:01:05,159 --> 00:01:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to release the back line This Time mins</font>
+
+14
+00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:12,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it goes to crosdale and Ali crosdale</font>
+
+15
+00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:16,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crosses the line in under three minutes</font>
+
+16
+00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:16,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">England with their first try on the</font>
+
+17
+00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:21,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board don't talk to me okay don't sh</font>
+
+18
+00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:23,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'll give it you know when we talk about</font>
+
+19
+00:01:21,079 --> 00:01:25,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">patience here it is here England just</font>
+
+20
+00:01:23,119 --> 00:01:30,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sets it up looking to stretch the ball</font>
+
+21
+00:01:25,439 --> 00:01:30,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let the ball do the work and get outside</font>
+
+22
+00:01:37,439 --> 00:01:43,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is a big hit coming through from</font>
+
+23
+00:01:39,759 --> 00:01:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lossy filipo okay let's have a Liston</font>
+
+24
+00:01:43,360 --> 00:01:47,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's always high and it's got some for</font>
+
+25
+00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yellow cardo has had his troubles on and</font>
+
+26
+00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off the pitch back in New Zealand that</font>
+
+27
+00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is not the start he wanted to make here</font>
+
+28
+00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:55,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in Georgia a yellow card for the Samo</font>
+
+29
+00:01:54,360 --> 00:01:59,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and</font>
+
+30
+00:01:55,680 --> 00:02:00,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Winger line is Middle yeah fupu comes in</font>
+
+31
+00:01:59,039 --> 00:02:03,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he just lines him up and you just can't</font>
+
+32
+00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:06,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go at the neck straight away referees</font>
+
+33
+00:02:03,399 --> 00:02:09,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are going to take players out for</font>
+
+34
+00:02:06,159 --> 00:02:09,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that okay it's</font>
+
+35
+00:02:10,038 --> 00:02:16,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">available good work from Josh</font>
+
+36
+00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:19,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bis Mitchell eyeing things up Mera the</font>
+
+37
+00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:24,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">call and merer with the try Zach merer</font>
+
+38
+00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:26,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the England Captain takes his try tally</font>
+
+39
+00:02:24,319 --> 00:02:29,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to one in this tournament and England</font>
+
+40
+00:02:26,760 --> 00:02:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into a commanding position 10 points in</font>
+
+41
+00:02:29,319 --> 00:02:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">10 minutes</font>
+
+42
+00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's just a true leader as a captain</font>
+
+43
+00:02:34,200 --> 00:02:38,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leading by example but also just setting</font>
+
+44
+00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:42,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up that platform so the backs can play</font>
+
+45
+00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:42,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off it he's been Sensational so</font>
+
+46
+00:02:43,159 --> 00:02:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">far to start against the defending</font>
+
+47
+00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:49,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Champions was always going to be the</font>
+
+48
+00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:52,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">toughest of tasks the bounce of the ball</font>
+
+49
+00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not favoring them either minin picks up</font>
+
+50
+00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:57,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Max</font>
+
+51
+00:02:53,440 --> 00:03:00,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ms makes the most of opportunity the</font>
+
+52
+00:02:57,079 --> 00:03:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Saron fly half grabs the Third and we're</font>
+
+53
+00:03:00,239 --> 00:03:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not even a quarter of an hour into this</font>
+
+54
+00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:12,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">game so 26 minutes in and Samara and</font>
+
+55
+00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:15,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">last break their</font>
+
+56
+00:03:12,970 --> 00:03:19,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+57
+00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:21,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+58
+00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:24,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bagel late staying firm to allow merer</font>
+
+59
+00:03:21,879 --> 00:03:26,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to work off the base once again Mitchell</font>
+
+60
+00:03:24,239 --> 00:03:30,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">puts it in the M Midfield and that is a</font>
+
+61
+00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:32,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wonderful cutting line from Dom Morris a</font>
+
+62
+00:03:30,159 --> 00:03:36,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">searing try from the Saron</font>
+
+63
+00:03:32,620 --> 00:03:39,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+64
+00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:40,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Center Morris just spots the Gap it just</font>
+
+65
+00:03:39,040 --> 00:03:42,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opens up in front of him and he cuts</font>
+
+66
+00:03:40,519 --> 00:03:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that beautiful line he's got support all</font>
+
+67
+00:03:42,879 --> 00:03:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over the</font>
+
+68
+00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:53,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place man down as they were in that</font>
+
+69
+00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:53,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first</font>
+
+70
+00:03:54,159 --> 00:04:00,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">half forward pack unable to stem the</font>
+
+71
+00:03:56,879 --> 00:04:02,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tide as England Drive once again</font>
+
+72
+00:04:00,319 --> 00:04:04,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kieran Knight's only been on a matter of</font>
+
+73
+00:04:02,159 --> 00:04:06,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seconds and already he's got five points</font>
+
+74
+00:04:04,159 --> 00:04:08,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to his name and the gluster boy happy</font>
+
+75
+00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:08,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with his</font>
+
+76
+00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:13,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+77
+00:04:14,480 --> 00:04:21,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lot got opportunities out wide it's</font>
+
+78
+00:04:17,478 --> 00:04:27,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">filipo and the laugh lossy filipo breaks</font>
+
+79
+00:04:21,959 --> 00:04:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the S and try du they a man down on the</font>
+
+80
+00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">field but some are get their try on the</font>
+
+81
+00:04:34,840 --> 00:04:41,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board rle sets it through for a toy</font>
+
+82
+00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:44,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's a well worked very emphatic</font>
+
+83
+00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attack set up by the replacement scrum</font>
+
+84
+00:04:44,039 --> 00:04:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">half finished off by the Quinn's</font>
+
+85
+00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:52,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Winger great vision and I think I've</font>
+
+86
+00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:54,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been using that really well this whole</font>
+
+87
+00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:55,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">game they've been looking at threading</font>
+
+88
+00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the ball through getting behind the</font>
+
+89
+00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:59,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Defenders and smar just haven't had the</font>
+
+90
+00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">players</font>
+
+91
+00:04:59,759 --> 00:05:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in position to stop it but great work</font>
+
+92
+00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:06,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there by</font>
+
+93
+00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:09,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">England</font>
+
+94
+00:05:06,039 --> 00:05:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paari there's the tri scorer</font>
+
+95
+00:05:09,039 --> 00:05:15,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fipo gets past Dino lamb got players on</font>
+
+96
+00:05:13,199 --> 00:05:17,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">either side paari Butler hanging on to</font>
+
+97
+00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:22,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">him where's the support it's there from</font>
+
+98
+00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:24,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">filipo it's a onew for Losi filipo and</font>
+
+99
+00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:27,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">samama enjoying the moment if not the</font>
+
+100
+00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:27,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scoreboard</font>
+
+101
+00:05:32,759 --> 00:05:38,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not working squint throw and</font>
+
+102
+00:05:35,680 --> 00:05:42,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">samo's difficult debut back in this</font>
+
+103
+00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:45,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tournament for England well a delightful</font>
+
+104
+00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:48,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dozen tries for the defending</font>
+
+105
+00:05:45,479 --> 00:05:52,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Champions really</font>
+
+106
+00:05:48,360 --> 00:05:55,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">highlighting their composure and their</font>
+
+107
+00:05:52,319 --> 00:05:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credentials for this tournament</font>
+
+108
+00:05:55,440 --> 00:06:01,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">7417 tells the story England are on the</font>
+
+109
+00:05:58,680 --> 00:06:02,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">March</font>
+
+110
+00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:04,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is our journey we've got five steps</font>
+
+111
+00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:06,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of our journey this is the first step</font>
+
+112
+00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:08,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and we' got four more to go so we'll</font>
+
+113
+00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:09,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">take game by game step by step and see</font>
+
+114
+00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:11,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what happens um obviously we got to</font>
+
+115
+00:06:09,479 --> 00:06:12,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch Wales play today we played we've</font>
+
+116
+00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:15,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got experience with Wales but we've got</font>
+
+117
+00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:17,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to rest recover and we we'll back</font>
+
+118
+00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:21,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">training soon and focus on Wales but</font>
+
+119
+00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:21,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit to Samoa once again awesome</font>
+

subtitle/FMdEkj5HEqg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+1
+00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:00,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Аплодисменты]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:00,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+3
+00:00:00,990 --> 00:00:05,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Аплодисменты]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:00,990 --> 00:00:05,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+5
+00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:16,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+6
+00:00:21,439 --> 00:00:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">что ты делаешь с этим биноклем</font>
+
+7
+00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:26,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">в середине ночи</font>
+
+8
+00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:29,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+9
+00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:32,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Я знаю, как идентифицировать планеты</font>
+
+10
+00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:32,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+11
+00:00:33,059 --> 00:00:35,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">сделать что</font>
+
+12
+00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">завтра у меня устный экзамен по</font>
+
+13
+00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+14
+00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:46,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+15
+00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:48,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">хорошо, я вижу</font>
+
+16
+00:00:46,260 --> 00:00:49,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">скажи мне сначала, что это такое</font>
+
+17
+00:00:48,899 --> 00:00:52,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+18
+00:00:49,990 --> 00:00:55,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+19
+00:00:52,739 --> 00:00:58,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">по синеве солнца и звезд</font>
+
+20
+00:00:55,559 --> 00:01:01,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">которые тяготеют вокруг него, в том числе</font>
+
+21
+00:00:58,559 --> 00:01:01,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">наша планета Земля</font>
+
+22
+00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:07,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Хорошо</font>
+
+23
+00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и сколько планет в</font>
+
+24
+00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+25
+00:01:09,900 --> 00:01:13,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">есть 8</font>
+
+26
+00:01:14,159 --> 00:01:24,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Меркурий Венера Земля Марс Юпитер Сатурн</font>
+
+27
+00:01:21,060 --> 00:01:24,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Уран и Нептун</font>
+
+28
+00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:28,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">отличный</font>
+
+29
+00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Вы знаете</font>
+
+30
+00:01:28,979 --> 00:01:33,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">характеристики каждого из этих</font>
+
+31
+00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">планеты</font>
+
+32
+00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:37,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">нет я не знаю</font>
+
+33
+00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это не серьезно</font>
+
+34
+00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:46,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">хочешь виртуально путешествовать со мной?</font>
+
+35
+00:01:43,079 --> 00:01:46,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и посетите каждый из них</font>
+
+36
+00:01:47,820 --> 00:01:53,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да, конечно, меня это очень интересует</font>
+
+37
+00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:55,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Идеальный</font>
+
+38
+00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">садись на эту ракету</font>
+
+39
+00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Это потрясающе</font>
+
+40
+00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:28,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">мы начинаем с самого первого</font>
+
+41
+00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">планета нашей солнечной системы, которая</font>
+
+42
+00:02:28,739 --> 00:02:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Меркурий</font>
+
+43
+00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:40,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+44
+00:02:43,140 --> 00:02:48,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это самая близкая планета к</font>
+
+45
+00:02:44,819 --> 00:02:53,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнце – самое маленькое</font>
+
+46
+00:02:48,239 --> 00:02:56,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">его температурный вариант - 163 и 427</font>
+
+47
+00:02:53,099 --> 00:02:56,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">градусов Цельсия</font>
+
+48
+00:02:56,459 --> 00:03:04,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это очень нестабильно</font>
+
+49
+00:02:59,220 --> 00:03:04,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да и там год длится 88 дней</font>
+
+50
+00:03:05,700 --> 00:03:09,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это невероятно</font>
+
+51
+00:03:08,060 --> 00:03:11,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+52
+00:03:09,300 --> 00:03:14,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">давайте перейдем к нашей второй планете, которая</font>
+
+53
+00:03:11,940 --> 00:03:14,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Венера</font>
+
+54
+00:03:26,940 --> 00:03:31,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">тогда Венера вторая по близости</font>
+
+55
+00:03:29,459 --> 00:03:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">планета Солнца</font>
+
+56
+00:03:31,860 --> 00:03:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ее называют планетой-близнецом</font>
+
+57
+00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Земля</font>
+
+58
+00:03:37,019 --> 00:03:39,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Это правда</font>
+
+59
+00:03:39,540 --> 00:03:43,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Я не знал этого и почему</font>
+
+60
+00:03:44,099 --> 00:03:48,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">просто потому, что они</font>
+
+61
+00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:51,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">похожие по размеру и</font>
+
+62
+00:03:48,900 --> 00:03:51,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">состав</font>
+
+63
+00:03:51,959 --> 00:03:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">следовательно, Венера пригодна для жизни</font>
+
+64
+00:03:56,220 --> 00:04:02,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">когда-то, возможно, она была</font>
+
+65
+00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:05,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">на самом деле ученые так думают</font>
+
+66
+00:04:02,819 --> 00:04:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">на его поверхности была жидкая вода</font>
+
+67
+00:04:05,879 --> 00:04:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">но сейчас нет</font>
+
+68
+00:04:09,840 --> 00:04:14,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">как давно существует эта планета</font>
+
+69
+00:04:12,540 --> 00:04:17,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">нужно вращаться вокруг</font>
+
+70
+00:04:14,939 --> 00:04:17,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнце</font>
+
+71
+00:04:17,399 --> 00:04:22,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это занимает около 225 земных дней</font>
+
+72
+00:04:22,740 --> 00:04:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и какова его температура</font>
+
+73
+00:04:26,340 --> 00:04:30,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это самая жаркая планета в мире</font>
+
+74
+00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:32,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+75
+00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">его температура</font>
+
+76
+00:04:32,659 --> 00:04:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">460 градусов Цельсия</font>
+
+77
+00:04:37,159 --> 00:04:44,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">460 градусов по Цельсию, боже мой</font>
+
+78
+00:04:42,419 --> 00:04:47,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и теперь наша очередь</font>
+
+79
+00:04:44,580 --> 00:04:47,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Земля</font>
+
+80
+00:04:47,639 --> 00:04:50,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да, мы идем туда</font>
+
+81
+00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:08,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">наша земля находится на третьей позиции</font>
+
+82
+00:05:08,780 --> 00:05:15,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Земле необходимо 365 дней</font>
+
+83
+00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:15,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">вращаться вокруг Солнца</font>
+
+84
+00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:20,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да, ты прав, я знаю</font>
+
+85
+00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:25,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">когда Северное полушарие и на стороне</font>
+
+86
+00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:27,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">солнце, на севере лето и</font>
+
+87
+00:05:25,199 --> 00:05:30,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">зима на юге</font>
+
+88
+00:05:27,419 --> 00:05:30,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и наоборот</font>
+
+89
+00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:33,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это интересно</font>
+
+90
+00:05:34,020 --> 00:05:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">расскажи мне о марте</font>
+
+91
+00:05:37,139 --> 00:05:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">идти к</font>
+
+92
+00:05:52,979 --> 00:05:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это четвертая планета нашего</font>
+
+93
+00:05:55,020 --> 00:05:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнечная система</font>
+
+94
+00:05:58,259 --> 00:06:04,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">на этой планете год длится 687</font>
+
+95
+00:06:01,919 --> 00:06:04,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">дни</font>
+
+96
+00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:11,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">его температурный вариант - 140 градусов</font>
+
+97
+00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:11,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Цельсия и 30 градусов Цельсия.</font>
+
+98
+00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:16,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это называется красная планета</font>
+
+99
+00:06:17,039 --> 00:06:21,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">откуда это имя</font>
+
+100
+00:06:19,979 --> 00:06:24,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">его почва по существу состоит</font>
+
+101
+00:06:21,919 --> 00:06:27,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">розовый оксид железа</font>
+
+102
+00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:27,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">отсюда и название</font>
+
+103
+00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:34,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">теперь пришло время взять</font>
+
+104
+00:06:30,539 --> 00:06:34,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">направление Юпитера</font>
+
+105
+00:06:46,319 --> 00:06:50,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">самая большая планета в системе</font>
+
+106
+00:06:48,180 --> 00:06:52,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">солнечный</font>
+
+107
+00:06:50,699 --> 00:06:56,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">по сути он состоит</font>
+
+108
+00:06:52,340 --> 00:06:59,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">водород и гелий</font>
+
+109
+00:06:56,400 --> 00:07:00,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">а как насчет его революции вокруг</font>
+
+110
+00:06:59,340 --> 00:07:01,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Солнце</font>
+
+111
+00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:03,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+112
+00:07:01,620 --> 00:07:07,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">хотя эти дни самые</font>
+
+113
+00:07:03,900 --> 00:07:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">короткие, эти годы очень длинные</font>
+
+114
+00:07:07,560 --> 00:07:14,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">следовательно, его вращение вокруг Солнца</font>
+
+115
+00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:14,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">сделано примерно за 12 земных лет</font>
+
+116
+00:07:15,259 --> 00:07:20,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ох, это слишком долго</font>
+
+117
+00:07:17,880 --> 00:07:24,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да, это слишком долго</font>
+
+118
+00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:24,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">теперь пойдем на Сатурн</font>
+
+119
+00:07:28,370 --> 00:07:31,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+120
+00:07:34,860 --> 00:07:39,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Сатурн — шестая планета от</font>
+
+121
+00:07:37,380 --> 00:07:39,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">солнца</font>
+
+122
+00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:43,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это самая большая планета в системе</font>
+
+123
+00:07:41,759 --> 00:07:46,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">солнечный</font>
+
+124
+00:07:43,979 --> 00:07:48,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">она известна своим великолепным</font>
+
+125
+00:07:46,199 --> 00:07:48,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">наши мечи</font>
+
+126
+00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">как долго он вращается по орбите</font>
+
+127
+00:07:51,659 --> 00:07:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">солнца</font>
+
+128
+00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:58,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Сатурну нужен</font>
+
+129
+00:07:56,120 --> 00:08:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">29,5 земных лет, чтобы сделать</font>
+
+130
+00:07:58,919 --> 00:08:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">башня солнца</font>
+
+131
+00:08:02,160 --> 00:08:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это очень долго и что это такое</font>
+
+132
+00:08:04,919 --> 00:08:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">температура</font>
+
+133
+00:08:07,860 --> 00:08:14,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">он варьируется от -189 до -139 градусов</font>
+
+134
+00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:14,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Цельсия</font>
+
+135
+00:08:29,940 --> 00:08:34,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ее считают гигантом</font>
+
+136
+00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:34,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">лед</font>
+
+137
+00:08:35,039 --> 00:08:37,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и почему</font>
+
+138
+00:08:38,399 --> 00:08:43,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">потому что это основные компоненты</font>
+
+139
+00:08:40,380 --> 00:08:46,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">находятся вода, аммиак и метан под</font>
+
+140
+00:08:43,620 --> 00:08:46,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">твердая форма</font>
+
+141
+00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:49,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это время вращения</font>
+
+142
+00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:57,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">обойти солнце</font>
+
+143
+00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:57,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Урану нужен период в 84 года</font>
+
+144
+00:08:58,140 --> 00:09:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Это средняя продолжительность жизни человека.</font>
+
+145
+00:09:00,660 --> 00:09:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">человек на земле</font>
+
+146
+00:09:04,380 --> 00:09:07,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и какова его температура</font>
+
+147
+00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:15,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">она колеблется от - 226 до - 197 градусов</font>
+
+148
+00:09:12,660 --> 00:09:15,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Цельсия</font>
+
+149
+00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:20,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">или там слишком холодно</font>
+
+150
+00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:25,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Да</font>
+
+151
+00:09:20,700 --> 00:09:25,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">давайте перейдем к нашей последней планете Нептун</font>
+
+152
+00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:36,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">это также рассматривается как</font>
+
+153
+00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:36,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ледяной гигант</font>
+
+154
+00:09:36,660 --> 00:09:40,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">поскольку эта планета не</font>
+
+155
+00:09:38,399 --> 00:09:42,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">полностью твердый, поехали</font>
+
+156
+00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:44,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">мог вращаться по орбите со скоростью</font>
+
+157
+00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:44,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">другой</font>
+
+158
+00:09:48,779 --> 00:09:55,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">его температура колеблется в минус 218 и -</font>
+
+159
+00:09:52,680 --> 00:09:55,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">200 градусов Цельсия</font>
+
+160
+00:09:56,220 --> 00:10:01,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">большое спасибо за все это</font>
+
+161
+00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:01,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">интересная информация</font>
+
+162
+00:10:02,459 --> 00:10:05,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Пожалуйста</font>
+
+163
+00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:13,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">сейчас я задам тебе вопрос</font>
+
+164
+00:10:10,260 --> 00:10:15,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и ты готов</font>
+
+165
+00:10:13,140 --> 00:10:17,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Да</font>
+
+166
+00:10:15,060 --> 00:10:19,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">какую планету называют планетой</font>
+
+167
+00:10:17,459 --> 00:10:19,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">красный</font>
+
+168
+00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:23,669
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+
+169
+00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:31,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">да, я знаю, что это планета Марс</font>
+
+170
+00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:36,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Хорошо</font>
+
+171
+00:10:33,420 --> 00:10:36,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">вы абсолютно правы</font>
+
+172
+00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">если вам понравилось это видео нажмите</font>
+
+173
+00:10:40,620 --> 00:10:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">на кнопке лайк</font>
+
+174
+00:10:43,980 --> 00:10:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">и за новые видео</font>
+
+175
+00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:52,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">интересно, не забудь</font>
+
+176
+00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:56,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">подпиш��тесь на наш канал</font>
+
+177
+00:10:52,019 --> 00:10:56,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">спасибо за вашу поддержку до следующего раза</font>
+
+178
+00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:24,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Музыка]</font>
+

subtitle/FvZFBZB10LA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2676 @@
+1
+00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:26,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so joining us my name is Dylan applause</font>
+
+2
+00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:28,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well I am the director of every man and</font>
+
+3
+00:00:26,100 --> 00:00:30,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artistic director of laureate or cleaner</font>
+
+4
+00:00:28,570 --> 00:00:32,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Society which in the</font>
+
+5
+00:00:30,430 --> 00:00:34,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in existence I'm spanked you are for</font>
+
+6
+00:00:32,710 --> 00:00:40,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joining us this our first panel</font>
+
+7
+00:00:34,809 --> 00:00:42,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see first of all thank you people people</font>
+
+8
+00:00:40,780 --> 00:00:44,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">most people that are in the program</font>
+
+9
+00:00:42,510 --> 00:00:48,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">domains you might know them you may not</font>
+
+10
+00:00:44,890 --> 00:00:50,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they also sell punch there are few</font>
+
+11
+00:00:48,039 --> 00:00:53,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people I really need thank professor</font>
+
+12
+00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:55,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">militia McKenzie over there for giving</font>
+
+13
+00:00:53,350 --> 00:00:56,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">us this idea if you kind of slipped it</font>
+
+14
+00:00:55,059 --> 00:00:58,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in forward into my mind several years</font>
+
+15
+00:00:56,769 --> 00:01:02,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ago and</font>
+
+16
+00:00:58,970 --> 00:01:04,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank you very much we also over sport</font>
+
+17
+00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:07,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to dr. diamond who</font>
+
+18
+00:01:04,049 --> 00:01:10,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes but we very supportive of this</font>
+
+19
+00:01:07,970 --> 00:01:11,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about people day 2016 so thank you to</font>
+
+20
+00:01:10,460 --> 00:01:13,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">him as well</font>
+
+21
+00:01:11,090 --> 00:01:15,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm also Kitty lambda our makeup and</font>
+
+22
+00:01:13,850 --> 00:01:18,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she's not in the program because she</font>
+
+23
+00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:20,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joined us last ninja thank you very much</font>
+
+24
+00:01:18,310 --> 00:01:23,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as well Daniel Lance he's in the program</font>
+
+25
+00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's a musical director very helpful</font>
+
+26
+00:01:23,620 --> 00:01:27,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nicole Moore I read back there my</font>
+
+27
+00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:29,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">partner in crime couldn't have done this</font>
+
+28
+00:01:27,860 --> 00:01:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without you and perfectly good</font>
+
+29
+00:01:29,710 --> 00:01:35,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Eric bureau for being ever men and</font>
+
+30
+00:01:33,039 --> 00:01:37,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">helping us a tremendously</font>
+
+31
+00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:40,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is if you didn't know this is a</font>
+
+32
+00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:44,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">morality play it's super Christian</font>
+
+33
+00:01:40,820 --> 00:01:48,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">understandably but it has a meaning that</font>
+
+34
+00:01:44,630 --> 00:01:49,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transcends the very very universally</font>
+
+35
+00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tactic nature of the midlane</font>
+
+36
+00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:54,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's play Liam take me from even now I'm</font>
+
+37
+00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:57,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fight you to look at it a little deeper</font>
+
+38
+00:01:54,520 --> 00:02:01,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when you watch it and see that means you</font>
+
+39
+00:01:57,520 --> 00:02:04,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seeing that anyone from huh yes so thank</font>
+
+40
+00:02:01,780 --> 00:02:04,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you all very much</font>
+
+41
+00:03:18,090 --> 00:03:26,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I pray you I'll give your audience and</font>
+
+42
+00:03:22,620 --> 00:03:29,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hear this matter with reverence my</font>
+
+43
+00:03:26,099 --> 00:03:33,209
+<font color="white" size=".72c">figure immoral play the summoning of</font>
+
+44
+00:03:29,790 --> 00:03:37,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every man called it is that of our lives</font>
+
+45
+00:03:33,209 --> 00:03:39,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then in shows how transitory we do</font>
+
+46
+00:03:37,230 --> 00:03:39,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thing</font>
+
+47
+00:03:39,940 --> 00:03:46,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this matter is one nurse precious but</font>
+
+48
+00:03:44,110 --> 00:03:51,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the intent of its is more gracious and</font>
+
+49
+00:03:46,720 --> 00:03:55,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Swift to bear away the story say man in</font>
+
+50
+00:03:51,730 --> 00:03:59,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the beginning look well and take the key</font>
+
+51
+00:03:55,240 --> 00:04:02,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the ending ve never so gay evening</font>
+
+52
+00:03:59,560 --> 00:04:06,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sin in the beginning both sweet which in</font>
+
+53
+00:04:02,980 --> 00:04:10,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the end caused it by soul to weep when</font>
+
+54
+00:04:06,250 --> 00:04:14,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the body life in play here you shall see</font>
+
+55
+00:04:10,330 --> 00:04:18,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have fellowship and jolty both strength</font>
+
+56
+00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:22,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discretion and beauty will feed for me</font>
+
+57
+00:04:18,070 --> 00:04:25,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as a flower in May you shall hear how</font>
+
+58
+00:04:22,060 --> 00:04:28,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our heaven cave call it every man to a</font>
+
+59
+00:04:25,150 --> 00:04:31,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general reckoning give audience and hear</font>
+
+60
+00:04:28,540 --> 00:04:31,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what he said</font>
+
+61
+00:04:38,460 --> 00:04:46,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've received here with my magazine that</font>
+
+62
+00:04:42,390 --> 00:04:47,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all creatures be to me I'm kind living</font>
+
+63
+00:04:46,110 --> 00:04:52,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without threads and worldly prosperity</font>
+
+64
+00:04:47,870 --> 00:04:54,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but mostly site that people be so loved</font>
+
+65
+00:04:52,100 --> 00:04:57,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prominent said they knew me not for</font>
+
+66
+00:04:54,750 --> 00:05:00,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their God and worldly riches all that</font>
+
+67
+00:04:57,690 --> 00:05:04,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right maybe adopt my right wiseness a</font>
+
+68
+00:05:00,990 --> 00:05:08,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sharp rod my love not showed when I then</font>
+
+69
+00:05:04,950 --> 00:05:12,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">died they forget to clean and shedding</font>
+
+70
+00:05:08,010 --> 00:05:12,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of my blood red I hated to meet you</font>
+
+71
+00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:20,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to get them life I suffered to be dead I</font>
+
+72
+00:05:17,610 --> 00:05:23,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">healed their feet with thorns hurt was</font>
+
+73
+00:05:20,340 --> 00:05:26,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my head I could do no more than I did</font>
+
+74
+00:05:23,460 --> 00:05:29,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">truly into now I see the people to clean</font>
+
+75
+00:05:26,699 --> 00:05:34,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or sink me they use the seven deadly</font>
+
+76
+00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:38,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sins damnable as we tried covet eyes rap</font>
+
+77
+00:05:34,199 --> 00:05:41,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and luxury now in the world we made and</font>
+
+78
+00:05:38,490 --> 00:05:46,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then they leave of angels the heavenly</font>
+
+79
+00:05:41,099 --> 00:05:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">company every man lifts so and yet of</font>
+
+80
+00:05:46,740 --> 00:05:52,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their life they beat nothing sure I see</font>
+
+81
+00:05:50,159 --> 00:05:55,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the more that I then prepare the worse</font>
+
+82
+00:05:52,500 --> 00:06:00,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they beam from here to you all that</font>
+
+83
+00:05:55,830 --> 00:06:03,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">liveth apparent fast their to my must in</font>
+
+84
+00:06:00,479 --> 00:06:06,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all things have a reckoning of every</font>
+
+85
+00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:08,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man's person for and I leave the people</font>
+
+86
+00:06:06,150 --> 00:06:09,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">must loan in their life and with</font>
+
+87
+00:06:08,250 --> 00:06:11,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attendance</font>
+
+88
+00:06:09,319 --> 00:06:14,729
+<font color="white" size=".72c">verily they will become much worse and</font>
+
+89
+00:06:11,909 --> 00:06:19,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beats for one now void by envy another</font>
+
+90
+00:06:14,729 --> 00:06:22,969
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up eat carrots think you only forget I</font>
+
+91
+00:06:19,639 --> 00:06:25,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hope it well that in my glory</font>
+
+92
+00:06:22,969 --> 00:06:28,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">should make his magic there too a hot</font>
+
+93
+00:06:25,459 --> 00:06:29,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tamale left yet now I see like strangers</font>
+
+94
+00:06:28,459 --> 00:06:31,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dejected</font>
+
+95
+00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:33,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they take me not for the pleasure in the</font>
+
+96
+00:06:31,459 --> 00:06:37,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eye to the event nor yet for their being</font>
+
+97
+00:06:33,979 --> 00:06:40,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that I left have lent I proper the</font>
+
+98
+00:06:37,099 --> 00:06:43,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people great multitude of mercy and few</font>
+
+99
+00:06:40,579 --> 00:06:46,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there be that as fitted partly they be</font>
+
+100
+00:06:43,549 --> 00:06:50,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so covered with worldly riches the needs</font>
+
+101
+00:06:46,610 --> 00:06:54,169
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on them I must do justice on every man</font>
+
+102
+00:06:50,659 --> 00:06:57,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">living without fear where art thou death</font>
+
+103
+00:06:54,169 --> 00:06:57,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the mighty messenger</font>
+
+104
+00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:07,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh my god I am here at your will your</font>
+
+105
+00:07:05,340 --> 00:07:10,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">commandant</font>
+
+106
+00:07:07,340 --> 00:07:13,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go bout everyman and show him in my name</font>
+
+107
+00:07:10,700 --> 00:07:16,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a pilgrimage he must undertake which he</font>
+
+108
+00:07:13,700 --> 00:07:19,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in no eyes may escape that he bring with</font>
+
+109
+00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">him a sure reckoning without delay for</font>
+
+110
+00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">any terror</font>
+
+111
+00:07:28,279 --> 00:07:33,469
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I will in the world go run over all and</font>
+
+112
+00:07:31,219 --> 00:07:36,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crudely I shall out search books the</font>
+
+113
+00:07:33,469 --> 00:07:38,209
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great and the small he that liveth feast</font>
+
+114
+00:07:36,259 --> 00:07:41,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the out of God's laws and treadeth</font>
+
+115
+00:07:38,209 --> 00:07:43,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not falling every man that loveth riches</font>
+
+116
+00:07:41,749 --> 00:07:47,209
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I shall strike with my darts of sight</font>
+
+117
+00:07:43,909 --> 00:07:49,609
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for to find from heaven to depart will</font>
+
+118
+00:07:47,209 --> 00:07:53,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accept that all to be his good friends</font>
+
+119
+00:07:49,609 --> 00:07:59,589
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that in hell for - 12 world without him</font>
+
+120
+00:07:53,319 --> 00:08:02,949
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh younger I see every man walking let</font>
+
+121
+00:07:59,589 --> 00:08:05,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me think about my cutting this mind upon</font>
+
+122
+00:08:02,949 --> 00:08:07,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his fleshly lusts of treasure make a</font>
+
+123
+00:08:05,860 --> 00:08:18,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">initial cause him to endure before the</font>
+
+124
+00:08:07,930 --> 00:08:19,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lord speaker gods the Warriors just</font>
+
+125
+00:08:18,279 --> 00:08:22,499
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bound</font>
+
+126
+00:08:19,210 --> 00:08:22,499
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what is 2000</font>
+
+127
+00:08:23,290 --> 00:08:30,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes oh my identity</font>
+
+128
+00:08:26,490 --> 00:08:32,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no God of them his majesty what sent to</font>
+
+129
+00:08:30,300 --> 00:08:34,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me yes certainly</font>
+
+130
+00:08:32,219 --> 00:08:38,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though he may have forgotten here</font>
+
+131
+00:08:34,710 --> 00:08:40,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be in the hemisphere and ass here we</font>
+
+132
+00:08:38,409 --> 00:08:44,229
+<font color="white" size=".72c">depart ye shall know</font>
+
+133
+00:08:40,659 --> 00:08:46,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what desire of God that one should tell</font>
+
+134
+00:08:44,229 --> 00:08:49,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me also a reckoning he will be town</font>
+
+135
+00:08:46,660 --> 00:08:52,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without any legal respite to give a</font>
+
+136
+00:08:49,780 --> 00:08:55,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reckoning longer leisure migrate this</font>
+
+137
+00:08:52,420 --> 00:08:57,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blind matter trouble with my weight on</font>
+
+138
+00:08:55,150 --> 00:08:58,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be that one let's take a bottle journey</font>
+
+139
+00:08:57,550 --> 00:09:02,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore more</font>
+
+140
+00:08:58,910 --> 00:09:06,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by local accounts take with me</font>
+
+141
+00:09:02,230 --> 00:09:16,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">returning a falcon on by no way before</font>
+
+142
+00:09:06,370 --> 00:09:19,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God thou shalt answer and show before</font>
+
+143
+00:09:16,750 --> 00:09:22,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the chief floral paradise how to do that</font>
+
+144
+00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:24,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we were in that way but without well</font>
+
+145
+00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:27,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thou shalt make nun not her name full</font>
+
+146
+00:09:24,910 --> 00:09:33,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and ready I am such reckoning to give I</font>
+
+147
+00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:33,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know thee not what messenger art dance</font>
+
+148
+00:09:38,430 --> 00:09:45,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">parent for this God's commandment that</font>
+
+149
+00:09:41,650 --> 00:09:48,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all to be should be immediate Oh death</font>
+
+150
+00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:53,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thou comest when I had the least in mind</font>
+
+151
+00:09:48,520 --> 00:09:56,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I cover it likely to say yes of my</font>
+
+152
+00:09:53,380 --> 00:09:59,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goodwill I will give thee in that will</font>
+
+153
+00:09:56,260 --> 00:10:02,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behind game in thousand pounds shalt</font>
+
+154
+00:09:59,950 --> 00:10:26,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thou have and defer this matter to</font>
+
+155
+00:10:02,230 --> 00:10:30,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another day riches confidence not tarry</font>
+
+156
+00:10:26,500 --> 00:10:33,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alas shall I have no respite I may say</font>
+
+157
+00:10:30,490 --> 00:10:36,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">death given a warning to think on the</font>
+
+158
+00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:39,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">edge make my arts city more full and</font>
+
+159
+00:10:36,070 --> 00:10:41,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ready is my book of reckoning but for</font>
+
+160
+00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:44,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">twelve year and I might have the binding</font>
+
+161
+00:10:41,110 --> 00:10:47,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my counting book I would make so clear</font>
+
+162
+00:10:44,590 --> 00:10:51,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wherefore death my crazy for God's mercy</font>
+
+163
+00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:55,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spare me till I be provided a remedy the</font>
+
+164
+00:10:51,250 --> 00:10:58,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">availab not to cry weep or pray with</font>
+
+165
+00:10:55,720 --> 00:11:03,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hasty without work on this journey and</font>
+
+166
+00:10:58,540 --> 00:11:07,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prove thy friends leave now can for wit</font>
+
+167
+00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:09,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bell well I find no bad and in this</font>
+
+168
+00:11:07,060 --> 00:11:14,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world each living creature for Adamson</font>
+
+169
+00:11:09,970 --> 00:11:17,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">must die nature o gracious God in the</font>
+
+170
+00:11:14,230 --> 00:11:20,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">high seat celestial have mercy on me in</font>
+
+171
+00:11:17,380 --> 00:11:23,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this most deed have I shall no manner of</font>
+
+172
+00:11:20,620 --> 00:11:27,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">company from this veil to rescue of my</font>
+
+173
+00:11:23,530 --> 00:11:29,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acquaintance that way need to leave</font>
+
+174
+00:11:27,130 --> 00:11:33,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Freddie would be so Hardy some food code</font>
+
+175
+00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:36,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be and keep the company Heidi does</font>
+
+176
+00:11:33,850 --> 00:11:41,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not work on this journey to give you a</font>
+
+177
+00:11:36,820 --> 00:11:41,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reckoning before the Lord's magnificence</font>
+
+178
+00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:53,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch oops what we missed out my life</font>
+
+179
+00:11:51,149 --> 00:11:58,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was given D and I'd worldly goods as</font>
+
+180
+00:11:53,520 --> 00:12:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well I had we so barely hey it was but</font>
+
+181
+00:11:58,860 --> 00:12:04,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lindsay and after that were gone another</font>
+
+182
+00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:07,589
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a while shall have it and then go</font>
+
+183
+00:12:04,470 --> 00:12:10,709
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there throw even as thou has done every</font>
+
+184
+00:12:07,589 --> 00:12:13,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man thou art mad the hospital spy and</font>
+
+185
+00:12:10,709 --> 00:12:17,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yet in this world shall not live in my</font>
+
+186
+00:12:13,410 --> 00:12:20,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">life for suddenly I do come o wretched</font>
+
+187
+00:12:17,459 --> 00:12:26,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">occasion whither shall I flee shall I</font>
+
+188
+00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:27,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have no respite gosh shall I not be</font>
+
+189
+00:12:26,700 --> 00:12:32,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">saved</font>
+
+190
+00:12:27,649 --> 00:12:34,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey there too I shall not consent nor</font>
+
+191
+00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:37,529
+<font color="white" size=".72c">any man July respite yet swiftly into</font>
+
+192
+00:12:34,980 --> 00:12:40,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the heart I shall fight in the</font>
+
+193
+00:12:37,529 --> 00:12:43,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">advisement and now for time I will be</font>
+
+194
+00:12:40,980 --> 00:12:46,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">high but make me surely be ready shortly</font>
+
+195
+00:12:43,730 --> 00:12:49,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for thou may say that no living man may</font>
+
+196
+00:12:46,950 --> 00:12:49,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">speak this name</font>
+
+197
+00:12:55,720 --> 00:13:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unless I may well weep with sighs deep</font>
+
+198
+00:12:59,940 --> 00:13:05,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now if I know matter of the company to</font>
+
+199
+00:13:03,160 --> 00:13:08,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help me in my journey and need to keep</font>
+
+200
+00:13:05,260 --> 00:13:13,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and also my right tomb is full and ready</font>
+
+201
+00:13:08,620 --> 00:13:13,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how shall I do now or to excuse me</font>
+
+202
+00:13:15,150 --> 00:13:23,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I went to God I had never been got to my</font>
+
+203
+00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soul April great prophet it had been the</font>
+
+204
+00:13:23,850 --> 00:13:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time passage and this one was to go for</font>
+
+205
+00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:31,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what well what I work to do</font>
+
+206
+00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:37,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to whom right that's my complaint to</font>
+
+207
+00:13:31,650 --> 00:13:40,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make what and I took fellowship there up</font>
+
+208
+00:13:37,020 --> 00:13:45,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spec and shouting of this study chance</font>
+
+209
+00:13:40,580 --> 00:13:47,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for in him is all my Alliance we have in</font>
+
+210
+00:13:45,029 --> 00:13:50,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world so many a day be good friends</font>
+
+211
+00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:53,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in sports and play I see him younger</font>
+
+212
+00:13:50,070 --> 00:13:56,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certainly I trust that he will bear me</font>
+
+213
+00:13:53,310 --> 00:14:07,529
+<font color="white" size=".72c">company therefore to him will I speak to</font>
+
+214
+00:13:56,279 --> 00:14:10,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you my soul if anything the investment</font>
+
+215
+00:14:07,529 --> 00:14:14,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crazy be say so I may help to grab a</font>
+
+216
+00:14:10,020 --> 00:14:15,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">name yay fellowship yay I am in great</font>
+
+217
+00:14:14,490 --> 00:14:18,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jeopardy</font>
+
+218
+00:14:15,330 --> 00:14:20,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my true friend nearby I would not</font>
+
+219
+00:14:18,510 --> 00:14:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forsake each my life set in the way of</font>
+
+220
+00:14:20,820 --> 00:14:33,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good company was well spoken and then</font>
+
+221
+00:14:31,560 --> 00:15:42,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she shall be the</font>
+
+222
+00:14:33,850 --> 00:15:45,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I should go along danger long journey</font>
+
+223
+00:15:42,519 --> 00:15:49,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hard and dangerous to give a reckoning</font>
+
+224
+00:15:45,759 --> 00:15:51,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">straight where for my very American</font>
+
+225
+00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:53,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">company can see a promise in this</font>
+
+226
+00:15:51,130 --> 00:15:53,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">journey</font>
+
+227
+00:15:55,379 --> 00:16:01,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is matter indeed the promise is</font>
+
+228
+00:15:58,540 --> 00:16:03,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">duty but should I take to village upon</font>
+
+229
+00:16:01,449 --> 00:16:06,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me I know it well that should be to my</font>
+
+230
+00:16:03,519 --> 00:16:08,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pain also it makes me afeard certeyn so</font>
+
+231
+00:16:06,370 --> 00:16:08,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let us take down so we'll still be</font>
+
+232
+00:16:08,170 --> 00:16:11,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pampered</font>
+
+233
+00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:13,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here are words of fear a strong man why</font>
+
+234
+00:16:11,259 --> 00:16:16,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he said if I had need he would never</font>
+
+235
+00:16:13,990 --> 00:16:19,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forsake me quick mcdead though it were</font>
+
+236
+00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:21,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to hell truly so I said certainly but</font>
+
+237
+00:16:19,839 --> 00:16:23,829
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such a place would be set aside to sooth</font>
+
+238
+00:16:21,699 --> 00:16:27,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to seyn if we were to go on such as your</font>
+
+239
+00:16:23,829 --> 00:16:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">name when should we come again never</font>
+
+240
+00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:36,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again to the day of doom I would not go</font>
+
+241
+00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:39,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who have to be statics bras indeed by</font>
+
+242
+00:16:36,399 --> 00:16:42,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all the thought if death of a messenger</font>
+
+243
+00:16:39,519 --> 00:16:44,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for no man living today I step on that</font>
+
+244
+00:16:42,430 --> 00:16:50,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">load your name nothing for the father</font>
+
+245
+00:16:44,259 --> 00:16:53,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we got yeh there - yay you're my</font>
+
+246
+00:16:50,199 --> 00:16:55,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consumer applied to go to birth solace</font>
+
+247
+00:16:53,199 --> 00:16:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in play and to bear me company in my</font>
+
+248
+00:16:55,569 --> 00:17:01,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">long journey faith I will not that way</font>
+
+249
+00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:04,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go but it without would eat and treat</font>
+
+250
+00:17:01,540 --> 00:17:06,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and make good cheer or hot to women the</font>
+
+251
+00:17:04,419 --> 00:17:09,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lusty company I would not for safety</font>
+
+252
+00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:13,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will the day is clear trust me verily</font>
+
+253
+00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:16,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that is simply my sleep deed now gentle</font>
+
+254
+00:17:13,659 --> 00:17:18,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fellow help me in my necessity we have</font>
+
+255
+00:17:16,780 --> 00:17:21,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">loved long and now I need</font>
+
+256
+00:17:18,710 --> 00:17:23,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now gentle fellowship remember me</font>
+
+257
+00:17:21,470 --> 00:17:24,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whether he loves me or no if I say John</font>
+
+258
+00:17:23,869 --> 00:17:29,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and will not with me</font>
+
+259
+00:17:24,950 --> 00:17:31,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh yes I pray thee take the labor and do</font>
+
+260
+00:17:29,150 --> 00:17:31,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so much for me</font>
+
+261
+00:17:33,270 --> 00:17:38,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mellow Gramercy what and that would</font>
+
+262
+00:17:36,300 --> 00:17:41,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">buy the Anouk out nay if L had not</font>
+
+263
+00:17:38,970 --> 00:17:43,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">carried I would not forsake me so so now</font>
+
+264
+00:17:41,490 --> 00:17:47,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has got speed they on that journey I</font>
+
+265
+00:17:43,470 --> 00:17:50,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will depart from me as fast as I bag</font>
+
+266
+00:17:47,540 --> 00:17:54,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">withered away fellowship will forsake me</font>
+
+267
+00:17:50,730 --> 00:17:58,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yay by my faith to God at the tape me</font>
+
+268
+00:17:54,590 --> 00:18:02,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">farewell good fellowship for this my</font>
+
+269
+00:17:58,110 --> 00:18:05,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">party soul I gia forever I shall see be</font>
+
+270
+00:18:02,370 --> 00:18:10,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no more farewell Leonard man Stalin and</font>
+
+271
+00:18:05,340 --> 00:18:12,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the I shall remember that party is</font>
+
+272
+00:18:10,050 --> 00:18:12,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">morning</font>
+
+273
+00:18:13,549 --> 00:18:21,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alack shall we dusted points indeed an</font>
+
+274
+00:18:18,590 --> 00:18:26,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">old lady help without any more comfort</font>
+
+275
+00:18:21,940 --> 00:18:30,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lo fellowship or sick of me in my most</font>
+
+276
+00:18:26,779 --> 00:18:34,489
+<font color="white" size=".72c">need his words were very pleasant 10k</font>
+
+277
+00:18:30,289 --> 00:18:37,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and yet now he has bought away with her</font>
+
+278
+00:18:34,489 --> 00:18:41,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more score shall likely said that's</font>
+
+279
+00:18:37,309 --> 00:18:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fellowship hath forsaken me to my</font>
+
+280
+00:18:41,419 --> 00:18:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kinsmen I will truly praying them to</font>
+
+281
+00:18:44,720 --> 00:18:50,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help me in my necessity I believe that</font>
+
+282
+00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:54,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they will do so or kind bill food where</font>
+
+283
+00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:57,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's may not go I go say where yonder I</font>
+
+284
+00:18:54,590 --> 00:19:00,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see them go where baby now my friends</font>
+
+285
+00:18:57,980 --> 00:19:00,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and kinsmen love</font>
+
+286
+00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and you must declare if ye be disposed</font>
+
+287
+00:19:11,330 --> 00:19:17,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to throw any preserver for ye well we</font>
+
+288
+00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:22,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will live and die together</font>
+
+289
+00:19:17,140 --> 00:19:25,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and welcome oh we will we're all family</font>
+
+290
+00:19:22,590 --> 00:19:29,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when you see my friends</font>
+
+291
+00:19:25,460 --> 00:19:33,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now shall I show you the green of mine</font>
+
+292
+00:19:29,719 --> 00:19:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">connected I am by a messenger that is a</font>
+
+293
+00:19:33,869 --> 00:19:40,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">high King's chief officer he bade me go</font>
+
+294
+00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:44,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on pilgrimage to my pain and I know full</font>
+
+295
+00:19:40,559 --> 00:19:46,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well when I shall never come again and I</font>
+
+296
+00:19:44,190 --> 00:19:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also must give a reckoning straight or I</font>
+
+297
+00:19:46,919 --> 00:19:53,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have a great enemy pack and wait which</font>
+
+298
+00:19:50,159 --> 00:19:53,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intended for me to him</font>
+
+299
+00:19:55,130 --> 00:20:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of all my works I must show how I have</font>
+
+300
+00:19:59,310 --> 00:20:06,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lived and my day specs and also of ill</font>
+
+301
+00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deeds that I have used in my time thus</font>
+
+302
+00:20:06,540 --> 00:20:14,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in life was me legs and also of old</font>
+
+303
+00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">virtues I have refused therefore I pray</font>
+
+304
+00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:26,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you to come with me to make my reckoning</font>
+
+305
+00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:29,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for some new charity what to go last</font>
+
+306
+00:20:26,910 --> 00:20:33,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that ever I was born if you forsake me</font>
+
+307
+00:20:29,460 --> 00:20:33,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how shall I ever marry your class</font>
+
+308
+00:20:40,679 --> 00:20:47,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for me</font>
+
+309
+00:20:42,880 --> 00:20:50,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my cousin looking down let me go fire I</font>
+
+310
+00:20:47,140 --> 00:20:50,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had a cramp in my toe</font>
+
+311
+00:20:56,390 --> 00:21:02,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you shall have fun day with all my heart</font>
+
+312
+00:21:00,470 --> 00:21:03,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she loved rows of beasts there's benign</font>
+
+313
+00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:07,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and</font>
+
+314
+00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:09,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sent abroad to start with you early to</font>
+
+315
+00:21:07,150 --> 00:21:12,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">join you in that journey</font>
+
+316
+00:21:09,830 --> 00:21:15,529
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no show me the very effect of your mind</font>
+
+317
+00:21:12,679 --> 00:21:20,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will you not go with me or abide behind</font>
+
+318
+00:21:15,529 --> 00:21:21,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a by behind okay that rely enzyme a</font>
+
+319
+00:21:20,059 --> 00:21:25,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there</font>
+
+320
+00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:25,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">farewell till another day</font>
+
+321
+00:21:25,050 --> 00:21:31,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alas shall I never be married or black</font>
+
+322
+00:21:28,470 --> 00:21:34,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">welfare promises meant to be make gets</font>
+
+323
+00:21:31,380 --> 00:21:43,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when I have need they need for sake I am</font>
+
+324
+00:21:34,650 --> 00:21:47,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deceived that making me sad cousin every</font>
+
+325
+00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:50,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man farewell now for merrily</font>
+
+326
+00:21:47,290 --> 00:21:52,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I will not go with you</font>
+
+327
+00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:54,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also of my whole life and I'm ready</font>
+
+328
+00:21:52,820 --> 00:21:57,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reckoning I have to account therefore</font>
+
+329
+00:21:54,830 --> 00:21:59,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm a scary now God you'd be for now I</font>
+
+330
+00:21:57,740 --> 00:21:59,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't</font>
+
+331
+00:22:06,870 --> 00:22:15,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not Jesu is all come here to low fare</font>
+
+332
+00:22:12,330 --> 00:22:18,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">words maketh fools pain they promise and</font>
+
+333
+00:22:15,690 --> 00:22:22,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nothing will do certain my kids man</font>
+
+334
+00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:25,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">promised me famous to abide by me</font>
+
+335
+00:22:22,230 --> 00:22:31,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">steadfastly yet fast away to they flee</font>
+
+336
+00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:31,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even so fellowship promised me</font>
+
+337
+00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:43,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes in my mind I think they're idiots</font>
+
+338
+00:22:37,999 --> 00:22:46,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all my life I have loved riches if</font>
+
+339
+00:22:43,470 --> 00:22:50,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's my good would help me might it</font>
+
+340
+00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:52,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would make my heart's full light I will</font>
+
+341
+00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:55,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">speak to him in this discreet works</font>
+
+342
+00:22:52,710 --> 00:23:00,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doubt my goods and riches who colored me</font>
+
+343
+00:22:55,879 --> 00:23:02,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every man says I lie here in corners</font>
+
+344
+00:23:00,869 --> 00:23:05,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trusted piled so high</font>
+
+345
+00:23:02,820 --> 00:23:09,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in chest i blocks past also sacked</font>
+
+346
+00:23:05,730 --> 00:23:14,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in bags that man esteemeth on I'm slower</font>
+
+347
+00:23:09,749 --> 00:23:19,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'll I come together good and all days</font>
+
+348
+00:23:14,429 --> 00:23:22,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2008 or a council I must desire sir in</font>
+
+349
+00:23:19,769 --> 00:23:24,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world of so Arthur City that I can</font>
+
+350
+00:23:22,710 --> 00:23:27,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help you to remedy shortly</font>
+
+351
+00:23:24,299 --> 00:23:28,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is another disease that we go it is</font>
+
+352
+00:23:27,899 --> 00:23:31,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not of this world</font>
+
+353
+00:23:28,799 --> 00:23:34,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I tell me simply I am sent for another</font>
+
+354
+00:23:31,619 --> 00:23:37,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">way to go to give a strict account</font>
+
+355
+00:23:34,470 --> 00:23:42,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">general the bore the highest Jupiter of</font>
+
+356
+00:23:37,230 --> 00:23:46,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all and all my life I have loved these</font>
+
+357
+00:23:42,769 --> 00:23:49,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore I pray thee go with me or her</font>
+
+358
+00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:53,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adventure now mass before God Almighty</font>
+
+359
+00:23:49,639 --> 00:23:57,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my reckoning to help clean and purify</font>
+
+360
+00:23:53,269 --> 00:24:01,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for its his said ever among that's money</font>
+
+361
+00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:03,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make it alright that is wrong nay</font>
+
+362
+00:24:01,379 --> 00:24:06,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everyman</font>
+
+363
+00:24:03,310 --> 00:24:09,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I sing another song I thought the nomads</font>
+
+364
+00:24:06,850 --> 00:24:12,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in such voyages for that would be</font>
+
+365
+00:24:09,670 --> 00:24:15,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">adventures fare much the worst were</font>
+
+366
+00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:18,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">before on me now bit set by my reckoning</font>
+
+367
+00:24:15,730 --> 00:24:18,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I am Mego</font>
+
+368
+00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:27,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alas I should ever be afraid if I come</font>
+
+369
+00:24:24,100 --> 00:24:38,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to that fearful answer without more can</font>
+
+370
+00:24:27,070 --> 00:24:41,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come in there huh and let's go to class</font>
+
+371
+00:24:38,650 --> 00:24:43,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have loved all my life and have had</font>
+
+372
+00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:46,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great pleasure in bike woods and</font>
+
+373
+00:24:43,660 --> 00:24:49,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treasure that is contamination with</font>
+
+374
+00:24:46,630 --> 00:25:02,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Helen for my mom he is contrary to the</font>
+
+375
+00:24:49,540 --> 00:25:05,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">love I was deceived here I was where and</font>
+
+376
+00:25:02,110 --> 00:25:05,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I made wheat misspending of my time</font>
+
+377
+00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:23,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if I save one</font>
+
+378
+00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:25,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how's that you spilled in the style that</font>
+
+379
+00:25:23,020 --> 00:25:25,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I will follow the may not from this</font>
+
+380
+00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:29,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world</font>
+
+381
+00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:31,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">barely I had weed otherwise therefore to</font>
+
+382
+00:25:29,380 --> 00:25:34,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">die so goods is a peaceful man thou art</font>
+
+383
+00:25:31,780 --> 00:25:36,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dead this is my guidance another to the</font>
+
+384
+00:25:34,780 --> 00:25:43,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scene of the state wise as I have the</font>
+
+385
+00:25:36,940 --> 00:25:46,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">key need Oh balls good curses may not be</font>
+
+386
+00:25:43,870 --> 00:25:52,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that was Raider to God thou hast</font>
+
+387
+00:25:46,510 --> 00:25:56,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deceived me and call me a nice man marry</font>
+
+388
+00:25:52,930 --> 00:26:00,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that once myself in care website already</font>
+
+389
+00:25:56,710 --> 00:26:05,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">black back musti's lat I cannot be sad</font>
+
+390
+00:26:00,070 --> 00:26:08,169
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh Goods now has had long my party love</font>
+
+391
+00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:11,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which should have been given to the Lord</font>
+
+392
+00:26:08,169 --> 00:26:14,529
+<font color="white" size=".72c">above but wilt thou not go with me I</font>
+
+393
+00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:16,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pray thee truth to say no so God needs</font>
+
+394
+00:26:14,529 --> 00:26:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be a better for farewell I have a</font>
+
+395
+00:26:16,359 --> 00:26:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good day</font>
+
+396
+00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:33,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh to who my best my mom to make or to</font>
+
+397
+00:26:30,230 --> 00:26:36,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">find company in that long journey first</font>
+
+398
+00:26:33,020 --> 00:26:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fellowship he said he would with me God</font>
+
+399
+00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:42,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his words were very pleasant and gay but</font>
+
+400
+00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">afterward he left me alone</font>
+
+401
+00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:48,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that means big eyes my Kingsman all in</font>
+
+402
+00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:51,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">despair he also gave me words fair they</font>
+
+403
+00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:54,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">liked no fair speaking that's all for</font>
+
+404
+00:26:51,140 --> 00:26:57,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sinking in the ending and when tonight's</font>
+
+405
+00:26:54,140 --> 00:27:00,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my goods who I loved best in hopes to</font>
+
+406
+00:26:57,140 --> 00:27:03,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have found comfort but there had I last</font>
+
+407
+00:27:00,220 --> 00:27:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for my goods sharply did me tell that</font>
+
+408
+00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:14,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he'd bring it many in Helmand and so was</font>
+
+409
+00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:19,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i ashamed so I am worthy to be blamed</font>
+
+410
+00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:25,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so I made while myself Kate</font>
+
+411
+00:27:19,650 --> 00:27:28,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a boom council shall I now take I think</font>
+
+412
+00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:34,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that I shall never speed till that I go</font>
+
+413
+00:27:28,830 --> 00:27:38,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to my good deeds oh she is so weak that</font>
+
+414
+00:27:34,830 --> 00:27:42,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she can no there go nor speak yes will I</font>
+
+415
+00:27:38,970 --> 00:27:44,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bet her on her now my good deeds where</font>
+
+416
+00:27:42,420 --> 00:27:44,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be you</font>
+
+417
+00:28:01,799 --> 00:28:07,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your mind hold in the ground my students</font>
+
+418
+00:28:05,580 --> 00:28:11,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">having me so super bound that I cannot</font>
+
+419
+00:28:07,919 --> 00:28:15,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stir of good deeds by standing great</font>
+
+420
+00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:18,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beer I must desire up your council for</font>
+
+421
+00:28:15,029 --> 00:28:18,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help now should come right well</font>
+
+422
+00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:38,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everywhere I have understanding that</font>
+
+423
+00:28:35,270 --> 00:28:40,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that word summoned accounts to me before</font>
+
+424
+00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:42,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">messiahs of Jerusalem came and you do my</font>
+
+425
+00:28:40,820 --> 00:28:46,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">means that journey with you will I take</font>
+
+426
+00:28:42,820 --> 00:28:48,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore I continue my bone to make I</font>
+
+427
+00:28:46,280 --> 00:28:51,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pray let's go there together</font>
+
+428
+00:28:48,830 --> 00:28:56,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I would full thing but I cannot stand</font>
+
+429
+00:28:51,680 --> 00:29:00,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">barely why is there anything on you flaw</font>
+
+430
+00:28:56,350 --> 00:29:02,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes sir I make that you of all if you</font>
+
+431
+00:29:00,710 --> 00:29:06,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even perfectly cheered me your book of</font>
+
+432
+00:29:02,870 --> 00:29:09,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">account already now to be look the pipes</font>
+
+433
+00:29:06,620 --> 00:29:12,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of your works and eat how they lie on</font>
+
+434
+00:29:09,710 --> 00:29:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">feed your soul is heavy</font>
+
+435
+00:29:12,420 --> 00:29:20,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our Lord Jesus helped me for one letter</font>
+
+436
+00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:22,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hearing cannot see here is a blind</font>
+
+437
+00:29:20,430 --> 00:29:25,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reckoning in time of distress</font>
+
+438
+00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:28,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh good deeds help me in this need or</font>
+
+439
+00:29:25,470 --> 00:29:31,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">else I am forever damned indeed help me</font>
+
+440
+00:29:28,620 --> 00:29:34,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to make my reckoning before the Redeemer</font>
+
+441
+00:29:31,050 --> 00:29:37,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of all day that she is and was ever</font>
+
+442
+00:29:34,170 --> 00:29:42,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall every man I am sorry of your fault</font>
+
+443
+00:29:37,620 --> 00:29:42,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and you and I were able</font>
+
+444
+00:29:44,620 --> 00:29:51,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your counsel I crave you cute</font>
+
+445
+00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's not like you barely those it on</font>
+
+446
+00:29:51,970 --> 00:29:57,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my feet I may not go I have sisters that</font>
+
+447
+00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shout with you also called know that</font>
+
+448
+00:29:57,580 --> 00:30:02,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shout the sulphide to help you make that</font>
+
+449
+00:29:59,620 --> 00:30:02,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dreadful reckoning</font>
+
+450
+00:30:03,730 --> 00:30:12,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everywhere I will go me and meet a guy</font>
+
+451
+00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:12,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in my most need to go by that side</font>
+
+452
+00:30:17,970 --> 00:30:20,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good</font>
+
+453
+00:30:54,690 --> 00:31:04,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we shall find him in templates that can</font>
+
+454
+00:30:58,870 --> 00:31:04,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">show us comfort by God's grace whoa</font>
+
+455
+00:31:19,110 --> 00:31:39,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay watch for me the spices Oh spare me</font>
+
+456
+00:31:35,890 --> 00:31:39,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doubt of my sins</font>
+
+457
+00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:56,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your body</font>
+
+458
+00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:21,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">keep him in this voyage and by that time</font>
+
+459
+00:32:19,410 --> 00:32:24,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good deed shall be with me but in</font>
+
+460
+00:32:21,690 --> 00:32:27,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anywise be sure mercy your time drops</font>
+
+461
+00:32:24,809 --> 00:32:30,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fast but he will say with deep ask God</font>
+
+462
+00:32:27,690 --> 00:32:32,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mercy and he will read truth</font>
+
+463
+00:32:30,180 --> 00:32:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when with the scourge of Penance</font>
+
+464
+00:32:32,220 --> 00:32:42,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pandolfi bind the oil look at this thing</font>
+
+465
+00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:46,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shotgun a Jesu alder speech for now I'm</font>
+
+466
+00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:46,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ready a penance godly our pilot</font>
+
+467
+00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:55,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look your penance that eat fill what</font>
+
+468
+00:32:51,259 --> 00:32:58,669
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pain ever would see me and I will give</font>
+
+469
+00:32:55,460 --> 00:33:01,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you counsel at well how your account he</font>
+
+470
+00:32:58,669 --> 00:33:01,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall make clearly</font>
+
+471
+00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:12,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh eternal God Oh heavenly figure a way</font>
+
+472
+00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of right wiseness of vision pure which</font>
+
+473
+00:33:12,299 --> 00:33:18,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">descent it down in a virgin pure because</font>
+
+474
+00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:22,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he would every man redeem which Adam</font>
+
+475
+00:33:18,809 --> 00:33:26,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">core fitted in his disobedience unless</font>
+
+476
+00:33:22,110 --> 00:33:30,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it Godhead elect an high divine redeem</font>
+
+477
+00:33:26,070 --> 00:33:32,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me with my sins that I may not go to</font>
+
+478
+00:33:30,360 --> 00:33:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">purgatory</font>
+
+479
+00:33:32,160 --> 00:33:38,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">knowledge give me the scourge of the</font>
+
+480
+00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:42,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pens every man if I give you time and</font>
+
+481
+00:33:38,700 --> 00:33:45,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space but I complete you in the hands of</font>
+
+482
+00:33:42,180 --> 00:33:47,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our Savior now may you make your</font>
+
+483
+00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:47,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recognition Shore</font>
+
+484
+00:33:48,630 --> 00:33:53,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what I mean this were an allegory</font>
+
+485
+00:34:03,260 --> 00:34:11,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the name of all the Holy Trinity my</font>
+
+486
+00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:11,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">body punished sore shall be</font>
+
+487
+00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:20,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">take this body for the sin of the flesh</font>
+
+488
+00:34:16,250 --> 00:34:22,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and also thou the lightest to go gay and</font>
+
+489
+00:34:20,149 --> 00:34:22,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fresh</font>
+
+490
+00:34:24,949 --> 00:34:32,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now my purgatory I will weigh to the</font>
+
+491
+00:34:29,179 --> 00:34:39,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch are clear as to avoid that</font>
+
+492
+00:34:32,449 --> 00:34:43,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">purgatory that sharp sharp fire I thank</font>
+
+493
+00:34:39,679 --> 00:34:44,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God now I can walk and go and a field of</font>
+
+494
+00:34:43,010 --> 00:34:46,489
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my sickness</font>
+
+495
+00:34:44,659 --> 00:34:48,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's work with every man I will go</font>
+
+496
+00:34:46,489 --> 00:34:53,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and hops there</font>
+
+497
+00:34:48,710 --> 00:34:56,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to declare now every man be married what</font>
+
+498
+00:34:53,340 --> 00:34:59,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your good deeds cometh now he may not be</font>
+
+499
+00:34:56,429 --> 00:35:03,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sad now is your good deeds whole and</font>
+
+500
+00:34:59,580 --> 00:35:06,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sound going up right upon the ground my</font>
+
+501
+00:35:03,810 --> 00:35:09,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">heart is light and shall be ever more</font>
+
+502
+00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:13,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now will i smite faster than I did</font>
+
+503
+00:35:09,930 --> 00:35:16,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">before every pilgrim my special friend</font>
+
+504
+00:35:13,410 --> 00:35:18,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plus it beat out without end for these</font>
+
+505
+00:35:16,290 --> 00:35:20,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prepares the eternal glory ye have made</font>
+
+506
+00:35:18,750 --> 00:35:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me whole and sound</font>
+
+507
+00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:27,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore I was my fight in every sound</font>
+
+508
+00:35:24,640 --> 00:35:31,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh welcome good deeds for now I hear</font>
+
+509
+00:35:27,310 --> 00:35:36,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that police have we clear our reckoning</font>
+
+510
+00:35:31,090 --> 00:35:40,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes excellent</font>
+
+511
+00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:40,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then friends I think we need not tarry</font>
+
+512
+00:35:40,730 --> 00:35:47,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he no more sad but evermore rejoice god</font>
+
+513
+00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:51,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Smith been living in his throne above</font>
+
+514
+00:35:47,470 --> 00:35:55,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">put on his garments with IV ho with</font>
+
+515
+00:35:51,650 --> 00:35:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which your tears is now away lest before</font>
+
+516
+00:35:55,100 --> 00:36:00,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God at BM sweat when meet to your</font>
+
+517
+00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:03,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">journey's head honcho what do you call</font>
+
+518
+00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:07,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is the garment of surah from pain it</font>
+
+519
+00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:09,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will be Bora contrition it is that get</font>
+
+520
+00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:13,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it forgiveness it please that God</font>
+
+521
+00:36:09,590 --> 00:36:18,489
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passing well every man we aware</font>
+
+522
+00:36:13,839 --> 00:36:21,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah apparently now friends and we need</font>
+
+523
+00:36:18,489 --> 00:36:25,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not to department Wayne nay everything</font>
+
+524
+00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:25,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we will not retain</font>
+
+525
+00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:45,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some great light</font>
+
+526
+00:36:42,460 --> 00:36:45,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we should baby</font>
+
+527
+00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:55,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he must also pose my nearby plants</font>
+
+528
+00:36:51,560 --> 00:36:58,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's for your council hours how shall</font>
+
+529
+00:36:55,880 --> 00:37:00,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I get them hittable we must call them</font>
+
+530
+00:36:58,130 --> 00:37:04,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all together and they will hear you in</font>
+
+531
+00:37:00,260 --> 00:37:08,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">content my friends I call you all here</font>
+
+532
+00:37:04,010 --> 00:37:11,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be president's discretion strength my</font>
+
+533
+00:37:08,180 --> 00:37:11,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite wits and beauty</font>
+
+534
+00:37:19,020 --> 00:37:22,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here at you</font>
+
+535
+00:37:28,310 --> 00:37:35,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we will bring you dinner than thunder</font>
+
+536
+00:37:31,770 --> 00:37:35,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so will we go with him all together</font>
+
+537
+00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:44,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brenner's right</font>
+
+538
+00:37:39,300 --> 00:37:44,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now shall I give my final test to all</font>
+
+539
+00:37:44,770 --> 00:37:53,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in almost half my good activity in the</font>
+
+540
+00:37:49,670 --> 00:37:56,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">way of charity and the other half still</font>
+
+541
+00:37:53,240 --> 00:38:01,369
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall we make I it's returning to where</font>
+
+542
+00:37:56,869 --> 00:38:14,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it once when I do so we despite the</font>
+
+543
+00:38:01,369 --> 00:38:18,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">defeat of hell and to a lot of sharp to</font>
+
+544
+00:38:14,569 --> 00:38:21,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the priesthood you I advise and receive</font>
+
+545
+00:38:18,170 --> 00:38:25,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of him in any wise the Holy Sacrament</font>
+
+546
+00:38:21,530 --> 00:38:28,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and ointment together that surely see</font>
+
+547
+00:38:25,030 --> 00:38:28,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Turnagain heaven</font>
+
+548
+00:38:54,790 --> 00:39:02,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now Jesu be your alter speech now that</font>
+
+549
+00:38:58,090 --> 00:39:06,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">light through on the holy host now</font>
+
+550
+00:39:02,290 --> 00:39:06,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">friends I wish</font>
+
+551
+00:39:07,250 --> 00:39:11,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come with that there</font>
+
+552
+00:39:31,890 --> 00:39:37,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every time do a lot from ego so we have</font>
+
+553
+00:39:34,440 --> 00:39:37,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got this footage at all</font>
+
+554
+00:39:44,210 --> 00:39:51,589
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my discretion will bye-bye you also and</font>
+
+555
+00:39:48,290 --> 00:39:55,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no isn't pilgrimage be never so strong I</font>
+
+556
+00:39:51,589 --> 00:39:58,369
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will never part you pro every man I will</font>
+
+557
+00:39:55,580 --> 00:40:04,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be assured by me as ever I was buying</font>
+
+558
+00:39:58,369 --> 00:40:08,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">judas maccabees alas I am so faint I may</font>
+
+559
+00:40:04,280 --> 00:40:13,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not stand my limbs under me to fold</font>
+
+560
+00:40:08,770 --> 00:40:16,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let us not return back to this land not</font>
+
+561
+00:40:13,070 --> 00:40:20,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for all the world's gold for into this</font>
+
+562
+00:40:16,160 --> 00:40:22,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cave must I creep and turn there and</font>
+
+563
+00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:27,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there</font>
+
+564
+00:40:22,420 --> 00:40:31,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">alas what into this grave yeah there</font>
+
+565
+00:40:27,290 --> 00:40:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">should you consume Portland what I like</font>
+
+566
+00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:42,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to wither here yet to remain and live on</font>
+
+567
+00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:47,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this earth I may not but before God like</font>
+
+568
+00:40:42,160 --> 00:40:49,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I cross at all this I do by st. John I</font>
+
+569
+00:40:47,300 --> 00:40:52,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">take my cabinet</font>
+
+570
+00:40:49,650 --> 00:40:56,609
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what beauty whether you will protect me</font>
+
+571
+00:40:52,920 --> 00:41:00,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">P I'm deaf I look not behind me not now</font>
+
+572
+00:40:56,609 --> 00:41:00,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's give me all the gold in nature</font>
+
+573
+00:41:00,820 --> 00:41:08,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh - whoo - shall I trust you beauty</font>
+
+574
+00:41:05,220 --> 00:41:11,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happy hi when she had promised to live</font>
+
+575
+00:41:08,770 --> 00:41:11,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with me hand out</font>
+
+576
+00:41:14,280 --> 00:41:19,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every man I showed the also mistake this</font>
+
+577
+00:41:17,310 --> 00:41:20,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">game like at the peanuts all what</font>
+
+578
+00:41:19,980 --> 00:41:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strength</font>
+
+579
+00:41:20,910 --> 00:41:25,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Luigi all forsake strength just the</font>
+
+580
+00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:29,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">little space</font>
+
+581
+00:41:25,410 --> 00:41:30,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Terry across the brace I hide me from</font>
+
+582
+00:41:29,010 --> 00:41:35,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the fast valving</font>
+
+583
+00:41:30,510 --> 00:41:38,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to my hug breast he promised otherwise</font>
+
+584
+00:41:35,030 --> 00:41:41,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he be old enough I see your pilgrimage</font>
+
+585
+00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:47,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to take on hand I pretend to be kinder I</font>
+
+586
+00:41:41,340 --> 00:41:50,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">came you to displease I am its blame yet</font>
+
+587
+00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:53,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">promise is decked each yet</font>
+
+588
+00:41:50,550 --> 00:41:55,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well what as for that I can not that</font>
+
+589
+00:41:53,700 --> 00:41:58,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what a fool to complain those fenders</font>
+
+590
+00:41:55,890 --> 00:42:01,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice speech and twice this time great go</font>
+
+591
+00:41:58,350 --> 00:42:01,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thrust me into the ground</font>
+
+592
+00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:09,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">both beauty and strengthen to fly away</font>
+
+593
+00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:15,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fast</font>
+
+594
+00:42:09,610 --> 00:42:15,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who else but to God shall I now trust</font>
+
+595
+00:42:16,590 --> 00:42:22,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every man I will after strength be gone</font>
+
+596
+00:42:19,080 --> 00:42:25,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as for me I will leave you alone</font>
+
+597
+00:42:22,530 --> 00:42:26,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whether it will need especially will</font>
+
+598
+00:42:25,020 --> 00:42:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">need for</font>
+
+599
+00:42:26,290 --> 00:42:30,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yay</font>
+
+600
+00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:35,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so when strength has gone before I</font>
+
+601
+00:42:30,280 --> 00:42:37,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">follow after every bar will be 20 will</font>
+
+602
+00:42:35,620 --> 00:42:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you once look into my grave</font>
+
+603
+00:42:37,950 --> 00:42:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey Harold fellows and</font>
+
+604
+00:42:45,630 --> 00:42:52,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the last now discretion don't leave</font>
+
+605
+00:42:48,650 --> 00:42:55,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discretion strength beauty they all</font>
+
+606
+00:42:52,500 --> 00:42:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">promise to abide by me yet when death</font>
+
+607
+00:42:55,200 --> 00:43:02,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blow with his blast that's the way to</font>
+
+608
+00:42:57,360 --> 00:43:05,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they flee every man na VI forsake I</font>
+
+609
+00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:08,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">followed the other invited Levi tank yes</font>
+
+610
+00:43:05,010 --> 00:43:11,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I made well weed where I considered you</font>
+
+611
+00:43:08,550 --> 00:43:13,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be my best friend I will keep the</font>
+
+612
+00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:20,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">name of like the end our farewell</font>
+
+613
+00:43:13,260 --> 00:43:24,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forever and ever more now fellowship</font>
+
+614
+00:43:20,730 --> 00:43:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hath forsaken there is no one else I can</font>
+
+615
+00:43:24,180 --> 00:43:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trust save perhaps my good deeds</font>
+
+616
+00:43:32,710 --> 00:43:42,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so finally of the Trinity</font>
+
+617
+00:43:35,570 --> 00:43:44,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gramercy good-deeds knowledge yay when</font>
+
+618
+00:43:42,140 --> 00:43:46,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you tear death shall come but not yet</font>
+
+619
+00:43:44,810 --> 00:43:51,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for no manner of danger</font>
+
+620
+00:43:46,890 --> 00:43:54,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better salvage all my heart nay yet I</font>
+
+621
+00:43:51,030 --> 00:43:57,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall not repent depart til I see where</font>
+
+622
+00:43:54,660 --> 00:43:57,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you shall become</font>
+
+623
+00:44:06,030 --> 00:44:08,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the part</font>
+
+624
+00:44:08,829 --> 00:44:14,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all earthly things</font>
+
+625
+00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:17,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Beauty strength and is</font>
+
+626
+00:44:14,040 --> 00:44:20,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forsake foolish friends in Hinton</font>
+
+627
+00:44:17,490 --> 00:44:26,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hopefully it's a good</font>
+
+628
+00:44:20,580 --> 00:44:32,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we think alas that I must be gone here</font>
+
+629
+00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:36,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is all Eve who what and see or I did or</font>
+
+630
+00:44:32,350 --> 00:44:42,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stake my good deeds when I trust have</font>
+
+631
+00:44:36,580 --> 00:44:42,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had in her I believe that I shall</font>
+
+632
+00:44:45,130 --> 00:44:51,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have mercy on me God Almighty and mother</font>
+
+633
+00:44:48,580 --> 00:44:54,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">named Mary shorter and and finish our</font>
+
+634
+00:44:51,850 --> 00:44:58,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plane let us go and never</font>
+
+635
+00:44:54,470 --> 00:44:58,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here right by the mercy</font>
+
+636
+00:45:17,380 --> 00:45:22,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in thy hands my soul I've met</font>
+
+637
+00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:27,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">receive it Lord that it be not lost</font>
+
+638
+00:45:27,430 --> 00:45:31,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to save me from the fiends boast</font>
+
+639
+00:45:32,280 --> 00:45:37,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that I maybe with that blessed post that</font>
+
+640
+00:45:36,150 --> 00:45:41,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall be saved</font>
+
+641
+00:45:37,580 --> 00:45:41,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the day of Doom</font>
+
+642
+00:45:41,349 --> 00:45:50,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in minus 2's of Mines most forever</font>
+
+643
+00:45:47,670 --> 00:45:53,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pimento spiritum</font>
+
+644
+00:45:50,520 --> 00:45:53,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now</font>
+
+645
+00:46:02,680 --> 00:46:09,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now pack nice upper back which we all</font>
+
+646
+00:46:05,980 --> 00:46:11,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shall endure though good genes shall</font>
+
+647
+00:46:09,040 --> 00:46:11,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make all sure</font>
+
+648
+00:46:18,530 --> 00:46:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now have you made anything evening and I</font>
+
+649
+00:46:21,950 --> 00:46:31,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hear angels sing and main memory joy and</font>
+
+650
+00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:31,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">melody where every man's soul shall OCP</font>
+
+651
+00:46:37,529 --> 00:46:44,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excellent left spoke to Jesse we're</font>
+
+652
+00:46:40,750 --> 00:46:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gonna shout bill now that my soul has</font>
+
+653
+00:46:44,259 --> 00:46:48,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taken my own home my reckoning is</font>
+
+654
+00:46:46,960 --> 00:46:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crystal clear</font>
+
+655
+00:46:48,150 --> 00:46:53,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I'll show into the heavenlies here</font>
+
+656
+00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:56,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on twitch all even them as well shall go</font>
+
+657
+00:46:53,970 --> 00:46:56,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up for the day</font>
+
+658
+00:47:02,360 --> 00:47:09,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this memory many old men have advice</font>
+
+659
+00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:12,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here's shake it up work all the young</font>
+
+660
+00:47:09,410 --> 00:47:13,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and forsake cry were heaps even you in</font>
+
+661
+00:47:12,710 --> 00:47:16,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the end</font>
+
+662
+00:47:13,220 --> 00:47:20,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and remember beauty five-wits</font>
+
+663
+00:47:16,610 --> 00:47:23,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strength and discretion they all at last</font>
+
+664
+00:47:20,090 --> 00:47:27,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do every man for safe state his good</font>
+
+665
+00:47:23,780 --> 00:47:32,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deeds them there he does take but beware</font>
+
+666
+00:47:27,950 --> 00:47:35,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for and maybe small before God he has no</font>
+
+667
+00:47:32,720 --> 00:47:35,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help at all</font>
+
+668
+00:47:36,820 --> 00:47:43,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're to help the Trinity amen c4c</font>
+
+669
+00:47:41,110 --> 00:47:43,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">charity</font>
+

subtitle/GqeRnxSuLFI.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+1
+00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:03,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's assume you live in a small town</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,100 --> 00:00:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where nobody sells bananas</font>
+
+3
+00:00:03,629 --> 00:00:08,849
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in other words zero supply now let's</font>
+
+4
+00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also assume that the people who live</font>
+
+5
+00:00:08,849 --> 00:00:12,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there would love to eat bananas in other</font>
+
+6
+00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:15,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">words there's a decent demand for</font>
+
+7
+00:00:12,690 --> 00:00:17,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bananas as we can see there is currently</font>
+
+8
+00:00:15,389 --> 00:00:20,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an imbalance people want bananas but</font>
+
+9
+00:00:17,490 --> 00:00:22,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are no sellers Peter understands</font>
+
+10
+00:00:20,130 --> 00:00:24,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this and starts selling bananas at the</font>
+
+11
+00:00:22,410 --> 00:00:25,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beginning his profits will be huge</font>
+
+12
+00:00:24,090 --> 00:00:28,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because lots of people want bananas and</font>
+
+13
+00:00:25,890 --> 00:00:30,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's the only one who has them as time</font>
+
+14
+00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:32,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passes however sorrow will notice how</font>
+
+15
+00:00:30,539 --> 00:00:35,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well Peter is doing and starts selling</font>
+
+16
+00:00:32,279 --> 00:00:37,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bananas yourself this increases the</font>
+
+17
+00:00:35,070 --> 00:00:39,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">supply of bananas and diminishes Peters</font>
+
+18
+00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:41,489
+<font color="white" size=".72c">profit potential the more people start</font>
+
+19
+00:00:39,690 --> 00:00:43,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">selling bananas the more supply there</font>
+
+20
+00:00:41,489 --> 00:00:45,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will be if too many people end up</font>
+
+21
+00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:47,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">selling bananas but the demand doesn't</font>
+
+22
+00:00:45,510 --> 00:00:49,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">increase as well there will be too much</font>
+
+23
+00:00:47,370 --> 00:00:51,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">supply and some of them will go out of</font>
+
+24
+00:00:49,050 --> 00:00:54,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">business eventually some kind of a</font>
+
+25
+00:00:51,570 --> 00:00:54,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">balance tends to be reached</font>
+

subtitle/I5cFBi02O34.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+1
+00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:07,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the residents of the cap kingdom lived</font>
+
+2
+00:00:05,279 --> 00:00:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">peaceful prosperous lives</font>
+
+3
+00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:12,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">until one night their beloved cat</font>
+
+4
+00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:14,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">princess was snatched from her bedroom</font>
+
+5
+00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:17,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by a horrifying monster</font>
+
+6
+00:00:14,799 --> 00:00:18,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distraught and in disarray</font>
+
+7
+00:00:17,039 --> 00:00:21,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the king searched his domain for a</font>
+
+8
+00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mighty hero brave and strong enough to</font>
+
+9
+00:00:21,439 --> 00:00:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">save his missing daughter</font>
+
+10
+00:00:23,519 --> 00:00:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">luckily a hero of legend rises to the</font>
+
+11
+00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">challenge</font>
+
+12
+00:00:33,480 --> 00:00:39,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+13
+00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:48,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey</font>
+
+14
+00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:49,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pay attention in the presence of your</font>
+
+15
+00:00:48,239 --> 00:00:50,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">king</font>
+
+16
+00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:53,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ah</font>
+
+17
+00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is this really it</font>
+
+18
+00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:58,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are you the only one who showed up</font>
+
+19
+00:00:56,840 --> 00:01:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unbelievable</font>
+
+20
+00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:04,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an entire kingdom's worth of cats and</font>
+
+21
+00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:06,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is all we can do</font>
+
+22
+00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:08,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do you have any idea what awaits you</font>
+
+23
+00:01:06,880 --> 00:01:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beyond the kingdom borders</font>
+
+24
+00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can't be serious about the hey where</font>
+
+25
+00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are you going</font>
+
+26
+00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:36,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i</font>
+
+27
+00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:36,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+28
+00:01:38,560 --> 00:02:00,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ah</font>
+
+29
+00:01:40,300 --> 00:02:00,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+30
+00:02:03,810 --> 00:02:08,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+31
+00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh</font>
+
+32
+00:02:18,110 --> 00:02:25,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+33
+00:02:26,959 --> 00:02:32,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what the hell is this do you know this</font>
+
+34
+00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:32,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guy</font>
+
+35
+00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you're pathetic what are you some kind</font>
+
+36
+00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:43,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of infant a child lost looking for your</font>
+
+37
+00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ball of yawn little man</font>
+
+38
+00:02:43,599 --> 00:02:47,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i'm taking out like 500 of these</font>
+
+39
+00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:48,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c"> at once and you know this one</font>
+
+40
+00:02:47,599 --> 00:02:52,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time they said this guy have to be the</font>
+
+41
+00:02:48,959 --> 00:02:52,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">slingshot huh</font>
+
+42
+00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:56,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+43
+00:03:04,570 --> 00:03:07,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+44
+00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:29,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+45
+00:03:29,410 --> 00:03:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+46
+00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:36,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+47
+00:03:34,799 --> 00:04:50,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hmm</font>
+
+48
+00:03:36,930 --> 00:04:50,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+49
+00:04:54,920 --> 00:05:08,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+50
+00:05:14,460 --> 00:05:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+51
+00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:05,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh</font>
+
+52
+00:06:06,960 --> 00:06:09,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hmm</font>
+
+53
+00:06:16,040 --> 00:06:17,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+54
+00:06:17,230 --> 00:06:21,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+55
+00:06:17,390 --> 00:06:21,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+56
+00:06:38,800 --> 00:07:02,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh</font>
+
+57
+00:06:40,170 --> 00:07:02,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+58
+00:07:05,290 --> 00:07:34,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+59
+00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:38,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+60
+00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:57,058
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+61
+00:08:01,630 --> 00:08:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+62
+00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+63
+00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+

subtitle/K37YKK9h9pA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2290 @@
+1
+00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:03,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Welcome to the cockpit.
+-Thanks.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:06,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cleared for take-off, 36L, KLM609.</font>
+
+3
+00:00:06,400 --> 00:00:10,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You're in the left seat now, but you were
+in this seat. So what are your jobs here?</font>
+
+4
+00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:13,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This was our final activity.</font>
+
+5
+00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:15,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cool right?
+-Yes, amazing.</font>
+
+6
+00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pilots, co-pilots, captains, first and
+second officers, we have them all.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But what does a second officer do?
+Today it's my mission to find out.</font>
+
+8
+00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today I'm joining second officer Bart.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:33,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm here at the Crew Centre,
+so let's go and find him.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My name is Bart and I'm a second officer
+on the Boeing 777/787 at KLM...</font>
+
+11
+00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:43,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...for almost five years now,
+and I'm excited to travel together today.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:43,640 --> 00:00:46,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So what are we doing today?
+-We'll fly to Salt Lake City.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, I'm really excited.
+-That's great.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:53,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're here at the BMC, the crew centre.
+Could you tell me what you're doing here?</font>
+
+15
+00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The crew centre is better known
+as the BMC with the crew.</font>
+
+16
+00:00:58,040 --> 00:01:02,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When we come in, first we always check 
+in for the flight. We hand in our luggage...</font>
+
+17
+00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:07,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and then we have a chat with
+the cabin crew and cockpit for a briefing...</font>
+
+18
+00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:09,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...to prepare for our flight
+to Salt Lake City.</font>
+
+19
+00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Can I come along through security with you?</font>
+
+20
+00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:17,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'd love to say yes, but I can't do that.
+You must go through the passenger's side.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:22,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We must pass security and customs, too,
+but we have a separate entrance at the BMC.</font>
+
+22
+00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alright. See you at the gate.
+-Good idea. See you at the gate.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:34,240 --> 00:01:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hi, my name is Caitlin.
+-Hi. Nice to meet you.</font>
+
+24
+00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You picked a lovely day to fly.
+-I did, didn't I?</font>
+
+25
+00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:42,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So Bart, here we are in the cockpit.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:45,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Welcome.
+-Yes, thank you. This is so cool to see.</font>
+
+27
+00:01:45,759 --> 00:01:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today you're in the Boeing 787-9.</font>
+
+28
+00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:50,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What are you doing when 
+the passengers come in?</font>
+
+29
+00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:56,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When all passengers are being seated it's
+time to prepare the cockpit for take-off.</font>
+
+30
+00:01:56,440 --> 00:02:00,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wim, Barry, and me will be programming
+all of the board computers,</font>
+
+31
+00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:02,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">setting the switches,
+and read the checklists.</font>
+
+32
+00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:07,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you'd like to, you're invited
+to sit in the cockpit during take-off.</font>
+
+33
+00:02:07,720 --> 00:02:11,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That would be brilliant. I'd love that.
+-Then go ahead and take a seat.</font>
+
+34
+00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the moment we're waiting
+for the last passengers to board.</font>
+
+35
+00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're also getting weight on board
+that we'll take into the air with us.</font>
+
+36
+00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:23,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we need to programme everything,
+and once everything is safe and set</font>
+
+37
+00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we'll read one more checklist and go.</font>
+
+38
+00:02:52,079 --> 00:02:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I see a pin and a thumbs-up.
+-Check. Seen it.</font>
+
+39
+00:02:55,360 --> 00:03:00,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Look, the engines have almost started up.
+Next we'll start the Before Taxi Flow,</font>
+
+40
+00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which means we switch off the auxiliary
+engine, check the flight controls,</font>
+
+41
+00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:11,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and put the flaps in a certain position
+that make the wings larger.</font>
+
+42
+00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:13,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flaps five.
+-Five.</font>
+
+43
+00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Clear. Before Taxi Flow is completed.</font>
+
+44
+00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today we'll depart from the Polderbaan,
+which is quite a long way from the gate.</font>
+
+45
+00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So today we'll taxi first via Bravo
+and then via Zulu.</font>
+
+46
+00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:40,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And eventually we'll be taking off
+on the Polderbaan at 36L.</font>
+
+47
+00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:00,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Line-up sequence, 36L.
+-KLM1129, 45 to the right.</font>
+
+48
+00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We finished the before taxi checklist.
+-Yes, sir.</font>
+
+49
+00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:06,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're on the right runway, 36L, Victor 4.
+Line-up and wait.</font>
+
+50
+00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cleared. Checked.
+-Brakes are released.</font>
+
+51
+00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:18,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Take-off.</font>
+
+52
+00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:20,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thrusts rev.
+-Check.</font>
+
+53
+00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thrust set.</font>
+
+54
+00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">V1.</font>
+
+55
+00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rotate.</font>
+
+56
+00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Positive rate.
+-Gear up, gear up.</font>
+
+57
+00:04:40,040 --> 00:04:42,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we're on our way. 
+- Oh yeah.</font>
+
+58
+00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:45,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Autopilot.
+-Autopilot.</font>
+
+59
+00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wim just switched on the autopilot.</font>
+
+60
+00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:53,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That means the autopilot is now flying the
+altitude, course, and speed automatically.</font>
+
+61
+00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:57,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's great to see the Dutch coastline here.</font>
+
+62
+00:04:57,080 --> 00:05:01,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over there are Vlieland, Texel, Den Helder.
+-Oh, I see. How funny.</font>
+
+63
+00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The weather is pretty clear,
+so you can see the islands.</font>
+
+64
+00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We've just reached 10,000 feet,
+so take-off is now over.</font>
+
+65
+00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">From this point the second officer will be
+busy with other tasks like the flight plan.</font>
+
+66
+00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're going to fill it in now, stating
+the fuel levels and exact departure time.</font>
+
+67
+00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That way we can monitor
+if we'll arrive on time with how much fuel.</font>
+
+68
+00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today we've got three people flying,
+so we're going to divide the tasks.</font>
+
+69
+00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:33,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We make sure there are always two pilots
+in the cockpit to carry out the flight...</font>
+
+70
+00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:39,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...while one pilot rests. Because it's
+a pretty long haul flight we need to stay fit,</font>
+
+71
+00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we'll take turns during the flight.</font>
+
+72
+00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:50,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alright, Bart. I'm back. We've been flying
+for 3 hours and 15 minutes.</font>
+
+73
+00:05:51,320 --> 00:05:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where are we now?
+-Thanks for asking, Caitlin.</font>
+
+74
+00:05:54,480 --> 00:05:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Right now we're flying
+over Greenland at 38,000 feet.</font>
+
+75
+00:05:58,159 --> 00:06:01,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Canada is almost in sight
+and we're 6 hours and 5 minutes out.</font>
+
+76
+00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:05,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I just had a delicious meal.
+-That's good to hear.</font>
+
+77
+00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But while I was eating I was wondering...</font>
+
+78
+00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:13,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've heard a little titbit
+that pilots don't eat the same meals.</font>
+
+79
+00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In principle you're right.
+Not all of us eat the same meal.</font>
+
+80
+00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When there's three of us
+two pilots get to eat the same meal,</font>
+
+81
+00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but one pilot has to eat something else.
+-And why is that?</font>
+
+82
+00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's for safety reasons, actually.</font>
+
+83
+00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:32,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of the reasons why is just in case.
+There's a very small chance...</font>
+
+84
+00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:37,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...that something is wrong with the food,
+so then one pilot won't have eaten that.</font>
+
+85
+00:06:37,159 --> 00:06:42,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You're in the left seat now, but you were
+in this seat. So what are your jobs now?</font>
+
+86
+00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On this stretch Barry is Pilot Monitoring.</font>
+
+87
+00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:50,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So he's in charge of ATC.
+He's doing Traffic Control today.</font>
+
+88
+00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:56,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wim is our Pilot Flying. He does the take-
+off and the landing in Salt Lake City.</font>
+
+89
+00:06:56,720 --> 00:06:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And on the way back we'll switch it up.</font>
+
+90
+00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:03,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then Barry will start and land
+as the Pilot Flying...</font>
+
+91
+00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and Wim will be Pilot Monitoring,
+taking on the ATC.</font>
+
+92
+00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The second officer gets a broad training,
+so I'm allowed to fly right now.</font>
+
+93
+00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:16,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And if we need to divert
+because of bad weather...</font>
+
+94
+00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:20,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...or we need to adjust our course, speed,
+or altitude I can push the buttons.</font>
+
+95
+00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:27,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Of course I need to consult Barry first 
+as we check and cross-check each other,</font>
+
+96
+00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:30,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which results in a safe flight operation.</font>
+
+97
+00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:35,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">KLM has arranged that the second officer 
+is in the third seat at take-off and landing.</font>
+
+98
+00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So can you opt
+for European flights as well?</font>
+
+99
+00:07:40,159 --> 00:07:45,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After a couple of years you can make
+a so-called bid on a different plane type.</font>
+
+100
+00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You could become a co-pilot
+on European flights</font>
+
+101
+00:07:49,159 --> 00:07:54,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on an Embraer, Airbus A320,
+or the 737, for example.</font>
+
+102
+00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:59,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And after a number of years you'll probably
+get a chance to become captain in Europe,</font>
+
+103
+00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or co-pilot on a large aircraft like this.</font>
+
+104
+00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:05,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And eventually you can end up
+as captain on a large aircraft.</font>
+
+105
+00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It think it's quite special that in the end
+you can become captain on a large plane...</font>
+
+106
+00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:14,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...while you can start
+as a second officer on a large plane, too.</font>
+
+107
+00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:17,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That makes it so great.
+-Exactly.</font>
+
+108
+00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:22,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are experienced pilots in the cockpit
+so you can learn a lot from them.</font>
+
+109
+00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:27,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now I was wondering:
+what does all of this here mean?</font>
+
+110
+00:08:27,440 --> 00:08:32,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I understand there's lots to see,
+as this is your first time in a cockpit.</font>
+
+111
+00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Absolutely.
+-I will show you the most important things.</font>
+
+112
+00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:40,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the PFD,
+the Primary Flight Display.</font>
+
+113
+00:08:40,080 --> 00:08:44,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And here we can keep track of
+the altitude, speed, and course.</font>
+
+114
+00:08:44,680 --> 00:08:48,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here we have the thrust levers.
+These are the two engines.</font>
+
+115
+00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:52,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We make sure we stay up in the air
+by revving up the engines.</font>
+
+116
+00:08:52,240 --> 00:08:57,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here we have the flap lever.
+That way we can make the wings larger...</font>
+
+117
+00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:59,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...which allows us to stay up
+in the air at lower speeds.</font>
+
+118
+00:08:59,880 --> 00:09:02,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On the left of the thrust levers
+is the speed brake.</font>
+
+119
+00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:08,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We use this when we're going too fast,
+or you can use it to drop faster.</font>
+
+120
+00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:13,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After landing the flaps on 
+the wings will stand up...</font>
+
+121
+00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...which means the speed brake is 
+switched on to dump all of our lift.</font>
+
+122
+00:09:16,520 --> 00:09:22,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And another important thing while cruising
+is the autopilot. This system here.</font>
+
+123
+00:09:22,680 --> 00:09:26,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So now you're flying on autopilot,
+or don't you?</font>
+
+124
+00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:30,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's right.
+The automatic pilot is flying right now.</font>
+
+125
+00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It keeps track of our current altitude,
+speed, and course.</font>
+
+126
+00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:40,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However it's still important for us to keep
+monitoring the autopilot and systems.</font>
+
+127
+00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:45,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Once we were up in the air I could hear
+many other planes around us, I think.</font>
+
+128
+00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Right now we're flying over the ocean,
+so it's more quiet out here.</font>
+
+129
+00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it's really busy over Europe,
+so there are a lot of callsigns.</font>
+
+130
+00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:57,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A callsign is the flight number.</font>
+
+131
+00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So every time KLM609 is called out
+we become alert and listen in.</font>
+
+132
+00:10:06,560 --> 00:10:10,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You changed seats again. A big switcheroo.
+-Correct.</font>
+
+133
+00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Barry has gone to get some rest, I believe.
+-That's right.</font>
+
+134
+00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:18,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So you've moved into this seat,
+and Wim is back again.</font>
+
+135
+00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:21,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm well-rested, and now I'm here.
+-Please introduce yourself.</font>
+
+136
+00:10:21,800 --> 00:10:25,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes. My name is Wim Lenderink.</font>
+
+137
+00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:30,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've been working at KLM for 31 years now.
+-Wow.</font>
+
+138
+00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have just two years to go till I retire, so I'm the 
+other side of the spectrum compared to Bart here.</font>
+
+139
+00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:42,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I thought it would be a fun idea
+to discuss some questions with you two.</font>
+
+140
+00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On KLM's Instagram channel
+we've asked the audience...</font>
+
+141
+00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:54,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...what they want to know about the life
+of a second officer and a pilot’s life.</font>
+
+142
+00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And we got a great many reactions.
+-Nice.</font>
+
+143
+00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:00,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'll have to hand over
+the controls back to Wim.</font>
+
+144
+00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My controls.
+-Your controls and your RT.</font>
+
+145
+00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What's the best thing about being a pilot?
+-That's a very good question.</font>
+
+146
+00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:11,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To me the best thing about flying
+is the variation.</font>
+
+147
+00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think it's super cool to be able
+to be at Copacabana in Rio one day...</font>
+
+148
+00:11:15,920 --> 00:11:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and to be somewhere in 
+Singapore a week later.</font>
+
+149
+00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it's also the technology I like.
+It's an awesome machine to fly.</font>
+
+150
+00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:26,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So that's the best thing
+about being a pilot.</font>
+
+151
+00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you remember your colleagues,
+and do you often fly with the same crew?</font>
+
+152
+00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I always try to remember
+with whom I've been flying.</font>
+
+153
+00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:39,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But KLM is quite a large company, so it's
+not really possible to remember everybody.</font>
+
+154
+00:11:39,040 --> 00:11:42,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You don't get to fly together very often,
+and crews are often new.</font>
+
+155
+00:11:42,560 --> 00:11:46,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've never flown with Wim before,
+but I have with Barry.</font>
+
+156
+00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:49,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I really liked flying with Barry last time,
+so I recognised him.</font>
+
+157
+00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:52,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So I'm happy we're flying together again.</font>
+
+158
+00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:56,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What is your favourite destination?
+Do you even have one?</font>
+
+159
+00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:59,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have several
+favourite destinations, actually.</font>
+
+160
+00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:04,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I really like Los Angeles,
+Cape Town, and Singapore.</font>
+
+161
+00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:08,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So today we'll be landing in Salt Lake City
+which is up in the mountains.</font>
+
+162
+00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:11,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Should I get a little nervous now, or not?</font>
+
+163
+00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:14,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There's no need to get nervous at all.</font>
+
+164
+00:12:14,680 --> 00:12:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it's better to ask Wim that question,
+because he's going to land.</font>
+
+165
+00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:21,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You have the controls?
+-Yes. My controls and my RT.</font>
+
+166
+00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:24,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes. It's more of a challenge
+than the average field...</font>
+
+167
+00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:28,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...mainly because of the higher terrain
+that surrounds the airport.</font>
+
+168
+00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On top of that we got some showers
+coming in, according to the predictions.</font>
+
+169
+00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We'll be checking those when we arrive.</font>
+
+170
+00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you've got nothing to worry about.
+We're up here in this aircraft as well...</font>
+
+171
+00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:44,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...so we won't do anything
+that you wouldn't want to happen to you.</font>
+
+172
+00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Plus you're very experienced, right?
+-That's true as well.</font>
+
+173
+00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:52,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's nice to have the three of us here
+so we can discuss and assess the situation...</font>
+
+174
+00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and make a plan together.
+And there's always an alternative.</font>
+
+175
+00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:02,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The alternative being to wait it out,
+or change our course.</font>
+
+176
+00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:05,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we take a look at that when needed.</font>
+
+177
+00:13:05,560 --> 00:13:08,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I trust you completely.
+-That's great to hear.</font>
+
+178
+00:13:08,680 --> 00:13:12,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of the questions was:
+How long are you away from home?</font>
+
+179
+00:13:12,560 --> 00:13:15,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That varies greatly, actually.</font>
+
+180
+00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:20,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You can have a three, four,
+or five-day run on one destination.</font>
+
+181
+00:13:20,400 --> 00:13:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For instance, for this flight
+we're on location for 48 hours.</font>
+
+182
+00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you could also have a three-day run...</font>
+
+183
+00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...which means you're there for 24 hours
+after which you'll fly back.</font>
+
+184
+00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:37,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And there are longer flights, too. But on average most 
+of our schedules consist of four or five-day runs.</font>
+
+185
+00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is a convenient bridge
+to the next question.</font>
+
+186
+00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:43,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How do pilots deal
+with their work/life balance?</font>
+
+187
+00:13:43,920 --> 00:13:48,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You grow into that, actually.
+It reminds me of that time...</font>
+
+188
+00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:51,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...when one of my children
+once made a remark...</font>
+
+189
+00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:54,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...when she came home from primary school...</font>
+
+190
+00:13:54,040 --> 00:13:57,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...after she had been playing
+at her friend's house.</font>
+
+191
+00:13:57,080 --> 00:14:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She said at the dinner table: 'Did you
+know her dad is home every evening?'</font>
+
+192
+00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:07,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So she grew up in a situation where it
+was normal I wasn't home every day.</font>
+
+193
+00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:14,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But on the other hand we do get time off,
+so you'll be home for several days.</font>
+
+194
+00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So you could be at home during
+the workweek, or at the weekend.</font>
+
+195
+00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:24,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's the unusual thing about this job.
+You don't have weekends anymore.</font>
+
+196
+00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:29,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Another question was: 'What do you
+like best: take-off or landing?'</font>
+
+197
+00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:32,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think I'd pick landing, then.
+-You do? Why?</font>
+
+198
+00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:35,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I mean, it's more of a challenge.</font>
+
+199
+00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Especially at cities
+like Salt Lake City, for example.</font>
+
+200
+00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Exactly. You said it.
+-Right?</font>
+
+201
+00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:46,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have one last question. It's a bit funny.
+-Okay. Nice.</font>
+
+202
+00:14:46,360 --> 00:14:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We saw it come in and we decided
+we just had to ask you.</font>
+
+203
+00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:51,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Can you get lost up here?</font>
+
+204
+00:14:51,800 --> 00:14:53,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We could, but it never really happens.</font>
+
+205
+00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We've been perfectly trained
+in finding the correct flight course.</font>
+
+206
+00:14:58,160 --> 00:15:02,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Take this purple line here. It's the route
+we've programmed beforehand.</font>
+
+207
+00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:08,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The route comes from a flight plan that was given to us
+by Schiphol Airport's flight dispatcher.</font>
+
+208
+00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We make sure the route is correct,
+before and during the flight.</font>
+
+209
+00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:16,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That way we make sure that we'll arrive
+at our destination safely.</font>
+
+210
+00:15:16,520 --> 00:15:20,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm going to leave you to it now.
+-Alright.</font>
+
+211
+00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Enjoy the service, and we'll see you later.
+-Thank you.</font>
+
+212
+00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:27,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've got my first miniature house.</font>
+
+213
+00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:35,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Okay Bart, we're back in the cockpit.</font>
+
+214
+00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's time to start the landing now.
+-Absolutely.</font>
+
+215
+00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:42,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now we'll pay attention
+and carry on with the approach.</font>
+
+216
+00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:46,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just about the field itself,
+it's high above sea level,</font>
+
+217
+00:15:46,520 --> 00:15:49,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so give the prepare for landing call
+sooner. Fasten your seatbelts.</font>
+
+218
+00:15:49,840 --> 00:15:53,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We've got a mountainous area
+all around us.</font>
+
+219
+00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:57,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We need to contact the company.
+Would you like to do that?</font>
+
+220
+00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:24,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For taxiing I expect Alpha 3,
+and either Alpha or Bravo.</font>
+
+221
+00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:30,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And eventually we'll contact Ramp before
+we'll get up the ramp, and park at Alpha 25.</font>
+
+222
+00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:32,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In terms of fuel we've got ample fuel.</font>
+
+223
+00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are showers in the area but the field
+is open, and it will stay open for now.</font>
+
+224
+00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:41,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So I don't see a reason
+to take action anytime soon.</font>
+
+225
+00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Everything is fine with the aircraft.
+-Approach briefing.</font>
+
+226
+00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:48,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Completed as far as I'm concerned.
+-Completed. Descent checklist completed.</font>
+
+227
+00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">16R. Okay.
+-This is a pretty area, isn't it?</font>
+
+228
+00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you look carefully
+you can see the runway over there.</font>
+
+229
+00:17:30,680 --> 00:17:36,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you look right past me you'll see
+two black lines with a tower in the middle.</font>
+
+230
+00:17:57,640 --> 00:17:59,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gear down.</font>
+
+231
+00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:03,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flight director.</font>
+
+232
+00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:05,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flaps 30.</font>
+
+233
+00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Approaching minimums.</font>
+
+234
+00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:09,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Minimums.</font>
+
+235
+00:18:13,480 --> 00:18:17,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fifty, forty, thirty twenty, ten...</font>
+
+236
+00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:20,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Speed brake up.</font>
+
+237
+00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:22,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Reversers normal.</font>
+
+238
+00:18:24,120 --> 00:18:25,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is Hotel 4.
+- Yes.</font>
+
+239
+00:18:26,880 --> 00:18:27,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Nice!</font>
+
+240
+00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're taxiing along this line and here we'll take left turn,
+Alpha 25, where we turn off the engines.</font>
+
+241
+00:18:49,360 --> 00:18:50,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And then we get off.</font>
+
+242
+00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:52,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just one more question.</font>
+
+243
+00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:55,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Applause or no applause?</font>
+
+244
+00:18:56,600 --> 00:19:00,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't know. It's up to the passengers,
+but I thought we did well.</font>
+
+245
+00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now the system tells us exactly
+where we need to go.</font>
+
+246
+00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:05,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're perfectly on the line.</font>
+
+247
+00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We just arrived at our gate.</font>
+
+248
+00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:17,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We need to do a few things
+before we can get off.</font>
+
+249
+00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We need to sign off on all the books
+and send the flight plan.</font>
+
+250
+00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:23,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We'll check how much water we have left,</font>
+
+251
+00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we know how much
+we need to refill for the return journey.</font>
+
+252
+00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:30,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then the passengers have to get off board
+and we can go to our hotel.</font>
+
+253
+00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So you get off the plane
+after the passengers?</font>
+
+254
+00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:38,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, of course. We wait until all passengers
+are off the plane and then it's our turn.</font>
+
+255
+00:19:44,360 --> 00:19:48,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've just arrived in the hotel
+and I'm going to rest up.</font>
+
+256
+00:19:52,120 --> 00:19:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, Bart. Good morning from Salt Lake.
+-Good morning.</font>
+
+257
+00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Did you sleep okay?
+-Like a baby.</font>
+
+258
+00:19:57,920 --> 00:20:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I woke up quite early here in Salt Lake
+because of the time difference.</font>
+
+259
+00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So I woke up at five o'clock,
+but my morning was very productive.</font>
+
+260
+00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Was it? What did you do?</font>
+
+261
+00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I got some exercise
+and had a nice breakfast.</font>
+
+262
+00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:14,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then I talked to my crew members
+about what we're doing today.</font>
+
+263
+00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And what would that be?
+-Something nice.</font>
+
+264
+00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:23,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're going to start with a bison tour
+so let's see if we can spot any bison today.</font>
+
+265
+00:20:23,320 --> 00:20:26,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you always do something with the crew?
+-It depends.</font>
+
+266
+00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some crew members go to the supermarket.
+Others go for a walk.</font>
+
+267
+00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:34,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But I often like doing something.</font>
+
+268
+00:20:34,360 --> 00:20:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And especially in a place like Salt Lake City
+it's very fun to go out into nature.</font>
+
+269
+00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shall we go?
+-Yes, let's.</font>
+
+270
+00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:43,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bisons!</font>
+
+271
+00:20:57,720 --> 00:21:02,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bart, we all just went for a good walk.</font>
+
+272
+00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:05,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you do this often. What's it like
+for you, being away this much?</font>
+
+273
+00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:12,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's amazing to see different destinations
+and to do several activities.</font>
+
+274
+00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:17,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But even though it's all fun and positive,
+we have to remember it's still work.</font>
+
+275
+00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:20,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And you're away from home quite a bit.</font>
+
+276
+00:21:20,760 --> 00:21:24,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I can't join every birthday party,
+even though I try.</font>
+
+277
+00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:31,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's quite manageable 
+to get specific days off at KLM...</font>
+
+278
+00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...but of course, that's not always possible.</font>
+
+279
+00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:37,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And what about you?
+-My wife's also a cabin attendant.</font>
+
+280
+00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We both think we have great lives,
+but we also miss out on a lot of things.</font>
+
+281
+00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our daughter's birthday is on 1 January,</font>
+
+282
+00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:49,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we basically always miss it, because
+we have to work during the holidays.</font>
+
+283
+00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:54,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't really mind being away
+for long periods of time.</font>
+
+284
+00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I plan things around it.
+And I always think:</font>
+
+285
+00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:03,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If I can't make Christmas or something,
+I'll just celebrate some days later.</font>
+
+286
+00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:08,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So it's not a problem for me
+or for my friends and family.</font>
+
+287
+00:22:08,120 --> 00:22:12,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We can put in a number of requests
+annually...</font>
+
+288
+00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:16,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...that lets us exert some control
+over our free time and the destinations.</font>
+
+289
+00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:19,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Before this one, my wife and I
+were on the same flight.</font>
+
+290
+00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:24,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We do that a few times per year. It's great
+when we get to work together in the cabin.</font>
+
+291
+00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the days you do get off, which
+I really like, you really have time off.</font>
+
+292
+00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:33,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I often see that friends of mine, who have 
+their own company or who work at an office,</font>
+
+293
+00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:40,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they often still have work, while we get four or five days off
+which is really great, absolutely.</font>
+
+294
+00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:44,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not only do we have to get our rhythms
+back on track,</font>
+
+295
+00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:47,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relax a bit
+and be well-rested for the next flight.</font>
+
+296
+00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We also need to spend time
+with family and friends.</font>
+
+297
+00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:53,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's what this time is also for.</font>
+
+298
+00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's just as important
+as doing fun things here at work.</font>
+
+299
+00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:01,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And you visit places
+you normally wouldn't.</font>
+
+300
+00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:05,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Take Salt Lake City,
+I'd never go there on holiday,</font>
+
+301
+00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:08,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it's great to be able to see it anyway.</font>
+
+302
+00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's exactly it.</font>
+
+303
+00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:13,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it's amazing to gain these experiences
+all over the world.</font>
+
+304
+00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:16,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think it's also great
+that we get to do this together.</font>
+
+305
+00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're all different people.</font>
+
+306
+00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But still we form one team
+at the beginning of a trip</font>
+
+307
+00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:31,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and at the end we've really bonded
+and created some nice memories.</font>
+
+308
+00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And even if you go
+to the same destination often,</font>
+
+309
+00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it can still feel different 
+because of the season or the make-up of the crew.</font>
+
+310
+00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's always different, so the same destination
+doesn't always feel like the same trip.</font>
+
+311
+00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And how do you deal with jetlag
+when there's a big time difference?</font>
+
+312
+00:23:47,360 --> 00:23:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The funny thing is that everyone
+deals with jetlag differently.</font>
+
+313
+00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:56,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So when we get home,
+I try to go to bed straight away.</font>
+
+314
+00:23:56,080 --> 00:24:00,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And I hope I can sleep in the evening.
+That doesn't always work.</font>
+
+315
+00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:03,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because of the time difference,
+I prefer going west,</font>
+
+316
+00:24:03,840 --> 00:24:07,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because you gain time,
+and going east you lose time.</font>
+
+317
+00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've noticed that my body is better
+at dealing with gaining time.</font>
+
+318
+00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:12,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And you?</font>
+
+319
+00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I prefer the other way, east.
+-How do you notice?</font>
+
+320
+00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:18,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I sleep better at night.</font>
+
+321
+00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm a morning person.
+-Oh, right.</font>
+
+322
+00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:26,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here, I wake up very early
+and I just wait around until breakfast.</font>
+
+323
+00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And over there I can pull all-nighters.
+Here I can't manage that.</font>
+
+324
+00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:35,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Okay, guys. What also helps with jetlag
+is grabbing a bite to eat.</font>
+
+325
+00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:37,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shall we go get something?
+-Yes, sounds lovely.</font>
+
+326
+00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:51,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Good morning. We're in the gym.
+Do you always hit the gym?</font>
+
+327
+00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:56,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I usually do, because I'm up early anyway so 
+I always try to be productive before breakfast.</font>
+
+328
+00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I can then really enjoy breakfast.</font>
+
+329
+00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So Bart, we just had breakfast.</font>
+
+330
+00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:05,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've become rather enthusiastic
+about the piloting profession.</font>
+
+331
+00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:06,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Good to hear.</font>
+
+332
+00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If I want to become a pilot...</font>
+
+333
+00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...how do I go about it?
+What does the training look like?</font>
+
+334
+00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How does it work?</font>
+
+335
+00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The training is at KLM Flight Academy
+in Eelde, near Groningen.</font>
+
+336
+00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:21,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You start with a theory phase
+and you have to pass some theory exams.</font>
+
+337
+00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:23,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But very soon you're put on a plane.</font>
+
+338
+00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:28,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You get to fly a single-engine plane.
+Very exciting.</font>
+
+339
+00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:34,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And very quickly you're steering by yourself 
+and doing your own take-off and landing.</font>
+
+340
+00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The first time on your own
+in your flight career is very memorable.</font>
+
+341
+00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:40,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So that's cool.
+-Very cool.</font>
+
+342
+00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm sure there are some requirements
+for the training.</font>
+
+343
+00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:46,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Is there a selection procedure
+or how does it work?</font>
+
+344
+00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are admission requirements
+and then there's a selection.</font>
+
+345
+00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:54,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are four rounds,
+in which someone's skills are assessed.</font>
+
+346
+00:25:54,120 --> 00:25:55,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do they have the necessary skills?</font>
+
+347
+00:25:55,800 --> 00:26:00,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Psychological evaluations are carried out.
+'Who is Caitlin?'</font>
+
+348
+00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:06,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And finally the Admissions Committee
+of the KLM Flight Academy...</font>
+
+349
+00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...will decide whether you 
+can start flight training.</font>
+
+350
+00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:12,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But then there's financing.</font>
+
+351
+00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've heard that flight training
+can be very expensive.</font>
+
+352
+00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Traditionally speaking, that's true.
+In the old days, you'd take out a loan.</font>
+
+353
+00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:27,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And then you just hoped to get a job
+at KLM but it's different now.</font>
+
+354
+00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:30,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The financial conditions
+are very good right now.</font>
+
+355
+00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Anyone can become a pilot
+regardless of their financial situation.</font>
+
+356
+00:26:35,120 --> 00:26:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's also important to mention
+that everyone's welcome.</font>
+
+357
+00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It doesn't matter where you're from,
+what motivates you,</font>
+
+358
+00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:44,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or whether your parents were pilots.
+Everyone's welcome.</font>
+
+359
+00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:47,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you have to meet
+the admission requirements.</font>
+
+360
+00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:49,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're flying back tonight.</font>
+
+361
+00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:53,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we leave at nine,
+so we still have some time to kill.</font>
+
+362
+00:26:53,120 --> 00:26:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Are we going to do something
+or do we just rest?</font>
+
+363
+00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:59,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There's still time to do something fun
+because we're leaving rather late.</font>
+
+364
+00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:03,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But I do see the last day as a rest day,</font>
+
+365
+00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:07,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we have to fly a lot of people
+back to the Netherlands safely.</font>
+
+366
+00:27:07,760 --> 00:27:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have to start fit and well-rested.</font>
+
+367
+00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But if you like, we can do a short road trip
+to the mountains...</font>
+
+368
+00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:16,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and then we should be back on time
+to get in some sleep.</font>
+
+369
+00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:19,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Very good idea.
+-Then let's do it.</font>
+
+370
+00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This was our final activity.</font>
+
+371
+00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:33,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cool right?
+-Yes, amazing.</font>
+
+372
+00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:40,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's head back to the hotel
+and get some sleep before we fly again,</font>
+
+373
+00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:41,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and rest up a bit.
+-Exactly.</font>
+
+374
+00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:54,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Caitlin, welcome back to the cockpit.
+The three of us just had a briefing.</font>
+
+375
+00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're off to Amsterdam soon.
+Are you excited?</font>
+
+376
+00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:02,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Very much so. It should be fun to
+experience a night flight in the cockpit.</font>
+
+377
+00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, very different from a day flight. But also lots of fun.</font>
+
+378
+00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And do we get to see the sunset?</font>
+
+379
+00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:15,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I hope we're on time, but otherwise
+we'll see the sun rise over our plane.</font>
+
+380
+00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Before taxi checklist is completed.</font>
+
+381
+00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Your controls? -My controls.</font>
+
+382
+00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">OK, thank you.</font>
+
+383
+00:28:53,600 --> 00:28:54,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thrust set.</font>
+
+384
+00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:00,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rotate.</font>
+
+385
+00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:17,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bart, we've been underway for some time now.
+Flying nicely. And it's a night flight.</font>
+
+386
+00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So you have to get your rest somewhere,
+maybe sleep a bit?</font>
+
+387
+00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:29,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, we have a separate compartment in the plane 
+where pilots and cabin attendants can rest.</font>
+
+388
+00:29:29,480 --> 00:29:33,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're with three pilots now
+because it's a long flight.</font>
+
+389
+00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we have to take turns
+to stay fit.</font>
+
+390
+00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So each of us gets
+one third of the flight to sleep</font>
+
+391
+00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the remaining two thirds
+you have to stay fit in the cockpit to fly.</font>
+
+392
+00:29:44,920 --> 00:29:47,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the sleeping happens here, right?
+-Yes, we choose a bed...</font>
+
+393
+00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:50,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and then I get some shut-eye.</font>
+
+394
+00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:53,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'll return to my seat
+so you can rest a bit.</font>
+
+395
+00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:58,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, that's fine. I'm going to put in
+my earplugs and get some sleep.</font>
+
+396
+00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:01,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Okay, sleep tight.
+-Thanks. See you later.</font>
+
+397
+00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:11,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fuel low centre, Bart.
+-OK, check.</font>
+
+398
+00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We just received a notification
+that the fuel in the centre tank...</font>
+
+399
+00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...of the three tanks,
+that it's almost empty.</font>
+
+400
+00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We want to make sure that the pumps
+don't operate in empty tanks.</font>
+
+401
+00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:26,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So our system told us...</font>
+
+402
+00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:30,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...to shut down the pumps of 
+the centre tank, which we just did.</font>
+
+403
+00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:32,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You can also see that on the screen.</font>
+
+404
+00:30:32,680 --> 00:30:38,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The centre pumps have been taken over
+by the main pumps on both sides.</font>
+
+405
+00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:46,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Barry, I see that we can increase altitude.
+-Yes, Bart, sounds like a good plan.</font>
+
+406
+00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:48,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flight level 390.</font>
+
+407
+00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:51,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">OK, I'll ask Edmonton 
+if we may increase altitude.</font>
+
+408
+00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:53,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sounds good.</font>
+
+409
+00:31:15,360 --> 00:31:19,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then I enter flight level 390 here.
+-Check.</font>
+
+410
+00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:21,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And then we're off.</font>
+
+411
+00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thrust rev, VNAV speed.
+-Checked.</font>
+
+412
+00:31:25,720 --> 00:31:27,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Okay, well.
+-Nice.</font>
+
+413
+00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:33,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now we're level at 39,000 feet.
+That's almost 12 kilometres high.</font>
+
+414
+00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At this altitude, we can fly much more
+sustainably and economically...</font>
+
+415
+00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:42,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...than the altitude we were flying on
+just now, 4,000 feet lower.</font>
+
+416
+00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We were flying a bit lower
+because of the wind.</font>
+
+417
+00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There were favourable winds 
+at a lower altitude.</font>
+
+418
+00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:54,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now we see the wind changing
+so it's better to fly higher.</font>
+
+419
+00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:57,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it's more economical,
+so it's a win-win situation.</font>
+
+420
+00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bart is now putting an airport in the FIX,</font>
+
+421
+00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:07,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a 400-mile radius or circle around it</font>
+
+422
+00:32:07,400 --> 00:32:11,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we can get an idea of how long
+we're from a certain airport.</font>
+
+423
+00:32:11,960 --> 00:32:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're flying northerly.
+There aren't many airports nearby.</font>
+
+424
+00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:22,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's why we're looking at the radius,
+and this is 400 miles from Iqaluit.</font>
+
+425
+00:32:22,560 --> 00:32:25,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We checked the weather and it was good.</font>
+
+426
+00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And we're within 400 miles from Winnipeg,
+where the weather's also good,</font>
+
+427
+00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:32,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so that's also an option
+if something happened.</font>
+
+428
+00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:36,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've had to divert a couple 
+of times in my career.</font>
+
+429
+00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:39,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It usually happens at the destination.</font>
+
+430
+00:32:39,160 --> 00:32:43,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And not so often during the en route part,
+in the middle of a journey.</font>
+
+431
+00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:48,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it can happen, for instance,
+that there's a medical situation...</font>
+
+432
+00:32:48,160 --> 00:32:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...or there's a technical issue 
+with the aircraft.</font>
+
+433
+00:32:51,680 --> 00:32:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Luckily, it doesn't happen very often,</font>
+
+434
+00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but you have to take it into account
+and plan for it.</font>
+
+435
+00:32:57,120 --> 00:33:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're going to request oceanic clearance...</font>
+
+436
+00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:04,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...because we're going to fly
+outside of national borders,</font>
+
+437
+00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where the radar stops, basically.
+The radar only has limited reach.</font>
+
+438
+00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're going to fly out of that reach
+so we need special clearance.</font>
+
+439
+00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:18,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And that's what this system is for.
+It's already been filled in.</font>
+
+440
+00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:20,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We only have to click on send.</font>
+
+441
+00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Eventually we'll also get feedback
+from air traffic control.</font>
+
+442
+00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:27,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whether our clearance has been approved.</font>
+
+443
+00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:40,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bart, we're back in the cockpit.
+I managed to get some sleep.</font>
+
+444
+00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We're going to land in Amsterdam soon.
+Are you already busy preparing for that?</font>
+
+445
+00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:49,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, certainly.
+Barry is doing the landing today.</font>
+
+446
+00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:51,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We don't know what runway yet.</font>
+
+447
+00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:54,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Possibly the Aalsmeerderbaan
+with a northerly direction,</font>
+
+448
+00:33:54,560 --> 00:33:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or the Kaagbaan,
+which runs in a northeasterly direction.</font>
+
+449
+00:33:58,080 --> 00:34:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's wait and see what
+Air Traffic Control has to say.</font>
+
+450
+00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:06,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where are we flying now?
+-We're flying over England right now.</font>
+
+451
+00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In about 15 or 20 minutes
+we'll start the descent.</font>
+
+452
+00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We'll arrive here from the west,
+from England.</font>
+
+453
+00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:19,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Eventually we'll approach Schiphol
+from the bottom side.</font>
+
+454
+00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:22,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Once we've landed,
+we need to taxi to the gate.</font>
+
+455
+00:34:22,760 --> 00:34:25,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The gate today is E17.</font>
+
+456
+00:34:25,199 --> 00:34:28,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For us, this is a nice route.</font>
+
+457
+00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:32,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Taxiing doesn't take very long
+and it's not long for the passengers.</font>
+
+458
+00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:35,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dear passengers,
+good afternoon from the cockpit.</font>
+
+459
+00:34:35,159 --> 00:34:37,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My name is Bart
+and I'm your second officer.</font>
+
+460
+00:34:37,719 --> 00:34:40,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We just received the weather forecast
+for Amsterdam.</font>
+
+461
+00:34:40,719 --> 00:34:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's 25 degrees Celsius, slightly overcast
+and with a light wind.</font>
+
+462
+00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:48,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On behalf of captain Wim
+and first officer, Barry...</font>
+
+463
+00:34:48,159 --> 00:34:51,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and the entire crew,
+thank you for choosing KLM.</font>
+
+464
+00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:53,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We hope to see you soon
+on one of our flights.</font>
+
+465
+00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:55,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For now, have a very nice day.</font>
+
+466
+00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:09,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gear down. Flaps 20.</font>
+
+467
+00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:24,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">100.</font>
+
+468
+00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:25,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">50.</font>
+
+469
+00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:26,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">40.</font>
+
+470
+00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:29,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">30, 20, 10.</font>
+
+471
+00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:32,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Speed brake up.</font>
+
+472
+00:35:34,520 --> 00:35:35,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Reversers normal.</font>
+
+473
+00:36:03,720 --> 00:36:05,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Caitlin, we've arrived in Amsterdam.</font>
+
+474
+00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It was great to have you.
+What did you think?</font>
+
+475
+00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:11,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I thought it was amazing to join you.
+-Good to hear.</font>
+
+476
+00:36:11,640 --> 00:36:14,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I hope to see you soon,
+as a passenger in the plane,</font>
+
+477
+00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or as a colleague in the cockpit.
+-Who knows.</font>
+
+478
+00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's get our suitcases
+because it's been a long day.</font>
+
+479
+00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, time for bed.
+Let's collect the suitcases and go home.</font>
+
+480
+00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Until next time!
+-Yes, until next time.</font>
+

subtitle/MIYDzEYfI6U.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hi my name is Lana and these are some of</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,550 --> 00:00:06,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the lessons that I've learned from</font>
+
+3
+00:00:03,959 --> 00:00:10,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traveling my journeys are far from over</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,509 --> 00:00:12,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but here are some of my reflections</font>
+
+5
+00:00:10,340 --> 00:00:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people are kinder than you think I</font>
+
+6
+00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:16,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">started this journey as a solo traveler</font>
+
+7
+00:00:15,240 --> 00:00:18,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in Singapore</font>
+
+8
+00:00:16,139 --> 00:00:20,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thinking about being alone on my travels</font>
+
+9
+00:00:18,570 --> 00:00:23,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was something that made me afraid and</font>
+
+10
+00:00:20,789 --> 00:00:25,859
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excited at the same time what if</font>
+
+11
+00:00:23,460 --> 00:00:29,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something went wrong what if I got lost</font>
+
+12
+00:00:25,859 --> 00:00:31,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what if I make no friends but on my</font>
+
+13
+00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:34,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first day of solo traveling I met two</font>
+
+14
+00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:37,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">girls at my hostel by the next day I had</font>
+
+15
+00:00:34,410 --> 00:00:39,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">met 4 people already and I was going off</font>
+
+16
+00:00:37,020 --> 00:00:41,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on adventures with a girl I had only</font>
+
+17
+00:00:39,450 --> 00:00:44,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just met from England it was like being</font>
+
+18
+00:00:41,879 --> 00:00:46,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at primary school again the day before</font>
+
+19
+00:00:44,070 --> 00:00:48,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this I had bought a bottle of water at</font>
+
+20
+00:00:46,440 --> 00:00:51,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the convenience store down the road the</font>
+
+21
+00:00:48,809 --> 00:00:53,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">next day I walked by and the shop owner</font>
+
+22
+00:00:51,059 --> 00:00:56,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">came running out to me to hand the ten</font>
+
+23
+00:00:53,399 --> 00:00:58,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cents change that I had forgotten 10</font>
+
+24
+00:00:56,219 --> 00:01:01,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cents that I didn't even realize I had</font>
+
+25
+00:00:58,770 --> 00:01:03,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">left behind but it was just the moral of</font>
+
+26
+00:01:01,620 --> 00:01:05,729
+<font color="white" size=".72c">giving back something that could have</font>
+
+27
+00:01:03,329 --> 00:01:08,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">easily been overlooked that made me</font>
+
+28
+00:01:05,729 --> 00:01:13,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">realize this solo adventure wasn't going</font>
+
+29
+00:01:08,580 --> 00:01:13,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be as intimidating as I feared</font>
+
+30
+00:01:13,369 --> 00:01:18,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people can adapt and find happiness in</font>
+
+31
+00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:21,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">most situations traveling through</font>
+
+32
+00:01:18,630 --> 00:01:23,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Southeast Asia was an eye-opener I met</font>
+
+33
+00:01:21,210 --> 00:01:25,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">children who were happy just to play in</font>
+
+34
+00:01:23,220 --> 00:01:27,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a pile of dirt with a string and a dog</font>
+
+35
+00:01:25,259 --> 00:01:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it amazed me that these children looked</font>
+
+36
+00:01:27,810 --> 00:01:32,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more content than some of the children</font>
+
+37
+00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:34,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that are new back home who aren't iPads</font>
+
+38
+00:01:32,100 --> 00:01:36,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cell phones and all of the latest</font>
+
+39
+00:01:34,320 --> 00:01:38,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">technologies it made me think that we</font>
+
+40
+00:01:36,539 --> 00:01:40,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really don't need many positions to be</font>
+
+41
+00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:43,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happy</font>
+
+42
+00:01:40,810 --> 00:01:45,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people choose stability or the happiness</font>
+
+43
+00:01:43,610 --> 00:01:48,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I learned that if I wanted to live life</font>
+
+44
+00:01:45,770 --> 00:01:50,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the fullest I needed to do what I</font>
+
+45
+00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:53,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wanted to do after working as a nurse</font>
+
+46
+00:01:50,810 --> 00:01:55,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a few years I realized that I still</font>
+
+47
+00:01:53,210 --> 00:01:57,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wasn't finding fulfillment and just</font>
+
+48
+00:01:55,490 --> 00:01:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becoming comfortable because I thought</font>
+
+49
+00:01:57,619 --> 00:02:01,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that it would benefit my future we all</font>
+
+50
+00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:04,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">want to be happy and I believe that your</font>
+
+51
+00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:06,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">level of freedom significantly affects</font>
+
+52
+00:02:04,100 --> 00:02:08,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your happiness when my partner Carlos</font>
+
+53
+00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:10,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggested teaching English online I</font>
+
+54
+00:02:08,419 --> 00:02:12,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dived straight into it teaching has</font>
+
+55
+00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:14,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allowed me to pursue more meaningful</font>
+
+56
+00:02:12,410 --> 00:02:15,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goals and figure out what I really want</font>
+
+57
+00:02:14,450 --> 00:02:17,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to do in life</font>
+
+58
+00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:18,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it felt risky to take the leap and</font>
+
+59
+00:02:17,690 --> 00:02:20,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">travel the world</font>
+
+60
+00:02:18,620 --> 00:02:23,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but I'd rather make uncomfortable</font>
+
+61
+00:02:20,780 --> 00:02:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decisions and leave the life that I want</font>
+
+62
+00:02:23,269 --> 00:02:30,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to then to be comfortable and</font>
+
+63
+00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:31,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unfulfilled just in instance so my</font>
+
+64
+00:02:30,019 --> 00:02:34,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">travel doesn't always mean that you will</font>
+
+65
+00:02:31,970 --> 00:02:36,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be alone despite being quite a shy</font>
+
+66
+00:02:34,250 --> 00:02:39,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">person backpacking solo I met people</font>
+
+67
+00:02:36,620 --> 00:02:41,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from all across the world that's even</font>
+
+68
+00:02:39,079 --> 00:02:44,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how I met my partner you'd be surprised</font>
+
+69
+00:02:41,540 --> 00:02:45,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at how easy it is to meet people solo</font>
+
+70
+00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:47,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">travelling some days you'll find</font>
+
+71
+00:02:45,620 --> 00:02:49,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yourself around people so much that</font>
+
+72
+00:02:47,420 --> 00:02:51,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you'll end up wanting time alone if</font>
+
+73
+00:02:49,850 --> 00:02:51,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you're waiting for someone to travel</font>
+
+74
+00:02:51,290 --> 00:02:56,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with you</font>
+
+75
+00:02:51,950 --> 00:02:59,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you may end up waiting a lifetime bucket</font>
+
+76
+00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:01,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">list items are certainly a great reason</font>
+
+77
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:03,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to visit a place but it's usually the</font>
+
+78
+00:03:01,579 --> 00:03:05,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people you meet that helped create warm</font>
+
+79
+00:03:03,860 --> 00:03:08,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">memories of your travels it was terrific</font>
+
+80
+00:03:05,959 --> 00:03:11,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to visit Marina Bay Sands Hotel in</font>
+
+81
+00:03:08,510 --> 00:03:14,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Singapore or Disneyland in Tokyo still</font>
+
+82
+00:03:11,870 --> 00:03:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for me the most memorable times during</font>
+
+83
+00:03:14,180 --> 00:03:18,709
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traveling have always been accompanied</font>
+
+84
+00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by friends or the locals that I've met</font>
+
+85
+00:03:18,709 --> 00:03:22,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">along the way</font>
+
+86
+00:03:19,670 --> 00:03:25,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+87
+00:03:22,250 --> 00:03:26,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">research a place before you go</font>
+
+88
+00:03:25,079 --> 00:03:29,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's always been it to be over-prepared</font>
+
+89
+00:03:26,820 --> 00:03:32,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than underprepared when arriving in a</font>
+
+90
+00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:34,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">new country usually people are friendly</font>
+
+91
+00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:37,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and willing to help you but speaking as</font>
+
+92
+00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:39,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a solo traveler it's good to practice</font>
+
+93
+00:03:37,010 --> 00:03:42,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">preparations in a decent level of</font>
+
+94
+00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:43,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">situational awareness research cost of</font>
+
+95
+00:03:42,180 --> 00:03:46,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">living the distance of your</font>
+
+96
+00:03:43,710 --> 00:03:49,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accommodation to transport some cards</font>
+
+97
+00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:51,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and popular scams in the area all of</font>
+
+98
+00:03:49,170 --> 00:03:51,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this can save you a lot of time and</font>
+
+99
+00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:53,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">money</font>
+
+100
+00:03:51,630 --> 00:03:55,829
+<font color="white" size=".72c">public transport can be daunting at</font>
+
+101
+00:03:53,700 --> 00:03:58,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">times but it's often cheaper to figure</font>
+
+102
+00:03:55,829 --> 00:04:03,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this out than to spend a load of money</font>
+
+103
+00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:04,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on taxis or ubers travelling is more</font>
+
+104
+00:04:03,150 --> 00:04:06,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">affordable than you think</font>
+
+105
+00:04:04,590 --> 00:04:08,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I know before travelling as a solo</font>
+
+106
+00:04:06,450 --> 00:04:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">backpacker I felt that travelling meant</font>
+
+107
+00:04:08,670 --> 00:04:13,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">staying at expensive hotels and paying a</font>
+
+108
+00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ridiculous amount of money for a guided</font>
+
+109
+00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:17,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tour but most of these things can be</font>
+
+110
+00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:19,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">done on a budget you can get a private</font>
+
+111
+00:04:17,670 --> 00:04:22,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">room in Vietnam for about $20 a night</font>
+
+112
+00:04:19,980 --> 00:04:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and staying at hostels is even cheaper</font>
+
+113
+00:04:22,950 --> 00:04:27,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the cheapest I visited was about $2 a</font>
+
+114
+00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:30,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">night Southeast Asia is a backpackers</font>
+
+115
+00:04:27,930 --> 00:04:31,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dream of course everyone likes to travel</font>
+
+116
+00:04:30,210 --> 00:04:34,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">differently but knowing where the</font>
+
+117
+00:04:31,950 --> 00:04:36,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">budget-friendly countries to travel are</font>
+
+118
+00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:38,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">makes the options endless for you</font>
+
+119
+00:04:36,990 --> 00:04:40,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even if you do like that private to</font>
+
+120
+00:04:38,909 --> 00:04:43,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">regarded experience there are countries</font>
+
+121
+00:04:40,860 --> 00:04:46,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where you can get this for about $70 a</font>
+
+122
+00:04:43,409 --> 00:04:49,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">day as compared to $400 a day</font>
+
+123
+00:04:46,940 --> 00:04:51,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+124
+00:04:49,009 --> 00:04:53,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">money is a tool to create the life that</font>
+
+125
+00:04:51,899 --> 00:04:55,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you want think about the things in life</font>
+
+126
+00:04:53,580 --> 00:04:57,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that really make you happy</font>
+
+127
+00:04:55,289 --> 00:04:59,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like having the freedom to spend more</font>
+
+128
+00:04:57,179 --> 00:05:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time with your friends and family for me</font>
+
+129
+00:04:59,699 --> 00:05:04,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was having the time to go wherever I</font>
+
+130
+00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:06,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wanted now that I teach in trouble I've</font>
+
+131
+00:05:04,919 --> 00:05:09,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chosen to work fewer hours than I</font>
+
+132
+00:05:06,929 --> 00:05:11,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">usually would as a nurse although my pay</font>
+
+133
+00:05:09,449 --> 00:05:14,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is much less I don't feel that need to</font>
+
+134
+00:05:11,939 --> 00:05:16,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spend money on items like clothing or</font>
+
+135
+00:05:14,099 --> 00:05:18,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">makeup and since I travel full time I</font>
+
+136
+00:05:16,439 --> 00:05:21,209
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't have room for it in my bag either</font>
+
+137
+00:05:18,659 --> 00:05:24,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my spin things usually go towards IBM</font>
+
+138
+00:05:21,209 --> 00:05:26,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">B's transport and food since we travel</font>
+
+139
+00:05:24,029 --> 00:05:28,589
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the low cost of living countries I</font>
+
+140
+00:05:26,099 --> 00:05:30,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tend to save more than I did back home</font>
+
+141
+00:05:28,589 --> 00:05:33,058
+<font color="white" size=".72c">having the freedom to choose where we</font>
+
+142
+00:05:30,629 --> 00:05:37,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">want to go is because we treat money as</font>
+
+143
+00:05:33,058 --> 00:05:40,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a tool and not as the end goal I</font>
+
+144
+00:05:37,490 --> 00:05:42,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">couldn't understand or appreciate my own</font>
+
+145
+00:05:40,259 --> 00:05:45,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nation until I left it New Zealand is</font>
+
+146
+00:05:42,869 --> 00:05:47,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">viewed as a clean green wonder less sort</font>
+
+147
+00:05:45,449 --> 00:05:49,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of country to visitors of course I knew</font>
+
+148
+00:05:47,639 --> 00:05:51,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this before but I don't think I</font>
+
+149
+00:05:49,439 --> 00:05:53,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">understood how great we have it in New</font>
+
+150
+00:05:51,449 --> 00:05:55,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Zealand until I started traveling and</font>
+
+151
+00:05:53,699 --> 00:05:57,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experiencing other cultures and</font>
+
+152
+00:05:55,439 --> 00:05:59,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">countries I am so proud to be a Kiwi and</font>
+
+153
+00:05:57,899 --> 00:06:01,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grateful for the opportunities that I</font>
+
+154
+00:05:59,819 --> 00:06:03,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had growing up as a kid I can travel</font>
+
+155
+00:06:01,979 --> 00:06:06,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anywhere in the world and New Zealand</font>
+
+156
+00:06:03,689 --> 00:06:09,449
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will always feel like home to me</font>
+
+157
+00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:11,849
+<font color="white" size=".72c">planning everything is sometimes more of</font>
+
+158
+00:06:09,449 --> 00:06:13,529
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a hassle than a help at the beginning of</font>
+
+159
+00:06:11,849 --> 00:06:16,169
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my travels I used to have everything</font>
+
+160
+00:06:13,529 --> 00:06:18,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">booked from flights to accommodation but</font>
+
+161
+00:06:16,169 --> 00:06:20,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then I started meeting people who told</font>
+
+162
+00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:22,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me about unique places that I hadn't</font>
+
+163
+00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:24,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">booked for and I couldn't join in on</font>
+
+164
+00:06:22,559 --> 00:06:27,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those adventures since it would cost me</font>
+
+165
+00:06:24,809 --> 00:06:29,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to cancel my other bookings of course I</font>
+
+166
+00:06:27,179 --> 00:06:31,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">believe that preparation is key to</font>
+
+167
+00:06:29,429 --> 00:06:33,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arrival in a new country but sometimes</font>
+
+168
+00:06:31,919 --> 00:06:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not knowing everything about a place as</font>
+
+169
+00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:38,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exciting and not booking a return flight</font>
+
+170
+00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:40,829
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allows you more time to experience</font>
+
+171
+00:06:38,490 --> 00:06:44,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something that you didn't plan for this</font>
+
+172
+00:06:40,829 --> 00:06:44,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">orientation is beautiful</font>
+
+173
+00:06:45,039 --> 00:06:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">remember to be present we live in a</font>
+
+174
+00:06:47,840 --> 00:06:52,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">digital age where it's so common to get</font>
+
+175
+00:06:50,120 --> 00:06:54,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lost in our social media and we forget</font>
+
+176
+00:06:52,280 --> 00:06:56,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to enjoy the moment it's not to say you</font>
+
+177
+00:06:54,710 --> 00:06:58,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shouldn't capture these important</font>
+
+178
+00:06:56,389 --> 00:07:00,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">memories but taking the time to</font>
+
+179
+00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:03,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appreciate that sunset or that beautiful</font>
+
+180
+00:07:00,860 --> 00:07:05,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">landscape means more to me than a photo</font>
+
+181
+00:07:03,020 --> 00:07:08,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I took for Instagram that someone will</font>
+
+182
+00:07:05,539 --> 00:07:12,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just swipe past capture moments but</font>
+
+183
+00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:14,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't forget to connect thanks for</font>
+
+184
+00:07:12,259 --> 00:07:16,849
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watching and I hope that this video has</font>
+
+185
+00:07:14,150 --> 00:07:17,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inspired you to explore in some form or</font>
+
+186
+00:07:16,849 --> 00:07:19,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another</font>
+
+187
+00:07:17,509 --> 00:07:20,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so stay tuned to catch more travel</font>
+
+188
+00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:30,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">videos like this one</font>
+
+189
+00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:30,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+190
+00:07:32,180 --> 00:07:34,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+

subtitle/PHe0bXAIuk0.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2283 @@
+1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c"> </font>
+
+2
+00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How the economic machine works, in 30 minutes.</font>
+
+3
+00:00:03,159 --> 00:00:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The economy works like a simple machine.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:09,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But many people don't understand it</font>
+
+5
+00:00:09,390 --> 00:00:11,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— or they don't agree on how it works</font>
+
+6
+00:00:11,490 --> 00:00:15,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— and this has led to a lot of needless economic suffering.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:15,150 --> 00:00:18,249
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I feel a deep sense of responsibility</font>
+
+8
+00:00:18,249 --> 00:00:22,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to share my simple but practical economic template.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:23,049 --> 00:00:25,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Though it's unconventional,</font>
+
+10
+00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:30,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it has helped me to anticipate 
+and sidestep the global financial crisis,</font>
+
+11
+00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:32,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and has worked well for me for over 30 years.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:32,460 --> 00:00:34,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's begin.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:34,260 --> 00:00:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Though the economy might seem complex, 
+it works in a simple, mechanical way.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:43,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's made up of a few simple parts and a lot of simple transactions</font>
+
+15
+00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:47,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that are repeated over and over again a zillion times.</font>
+
+16
+00:00:47,260 --> 00:00:51,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These transactions are above all else driven by human nature,</font>
+
+17
+00:00:51,460 --> 00:00:54,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and they create 3 main forces that drive the economy.</font>
+
+18
+00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:58,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Number 1: Productivity growth</font>
+
+19
+00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:01,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Number 2: The Short term debt cycle</font>
+
+20
+00:01:01,650 --> 00:01:04,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and Number 3: The Long term debt cycle</font>
+
+21
+00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:07,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We'll look at these three forces
+and how laying them on top of each other</font>
+
+22
+00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:11,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">creates a good template for tracking economic movements</font>
+
+23
+00:01:11,530 --> 00:01:13,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and figuring out what's happening now.</font>
+
+24
+00:01:13,590 --> 00:01:16,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's start with the simplest part of the economy:</font>
+
+25
+00:01:16,830 --> 00:01:18,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Transactions.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:19,340 --> 00:01:23,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">An economy is simply the sum 
+of the transactions that make it up</font>
+
+27
+00:01:23,840 --> 00:01:26,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a transaction is a very simple thing.</font>
+
+28
+00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:28,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You make transactions all the time.</font>
+
+29
+00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Every time you buy something 
+you create a transaction.</font>
+
+30
+00:01:31,760 --> 00:01:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Each transaction consists of a buyer</font>
+
+31
+00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:37,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exchanging money or credit</font>
+
+32
+00:01:37,150 --> 00:01:42,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a seller for goods, 
+services or financial assets.</font>
+
+33
+00:01:42,550 --> 00:01:45,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Credit spends just like money,</font>
+
+34
+00:01:45,150 --> 00:01:49,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so adding together the money spent 
+and the amount of credit spent,</font>
+
+35
+00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:52,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can know the total spending.</font>
+
+36
+00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:55,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The total amount of spending 
+drives the economy.</font>
+
+37
+00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:57,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you divide the amount spent</font>
+
+38
+00:01:57,590 --> 00:01:59,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by the quantity sold,</font>
+
+39
+00:01:59,990 --> 00:02:01,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you get the price.</font>
+
+40
+00:02:01,290 --> 00:02:04,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And that's it.  That's a transaction.</font>
+
+41
+00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:07,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It is the building block 
+of the economic machine.</font>
+
+42
+00:02:07,110 --> 00:02:12,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All cycles and all forces 
+in an economy are driven by transactions.</font>
+
+43
+00:02:12,019 --> 00:02:14,469
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, if we can 
+understand transactions,</font>
+
+44
+00:02:14,469 --> 00:02:16,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can understand 
+the whole economy.</font>
+
+45
+00:02:16,569 --> 00:02:19,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A market consists of all the buyers</font>
+
+46
+00:02:19,510 --> 00:02:20,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and all the sellers</font>
+
+47
+00:02:20,510 --> 00:02:22,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">making transactions for the same thing.</font>
+
+48
+00:02:23,110 --> 00:02:25,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For example, 
+there is a wheat market,</font>
+
+49
+00:02:25,540 --> 00:02:26,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a car market,</font>
+
+50
+00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a stock market</font>
+
+51
+00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:29,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and markets 
+for millions of things.</font>
+
+52
+00:02:31,050 --> 00:02:33,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">An economy consists 
+of all of the transactions</font>
+
+53
+00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:34,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in all of its markets.</font>
+
+54
+00:02:34,670 --> 00:02:37,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you add up 
+the total spending</font>
+
+55
+00:02:37,550 --> 00:02:39,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the total 
+quantity sold</font>
+
+56
+00:02:39,450 --> 00:02:40,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in all of the markets,</font>
+
+57
+00:02:40,430 --> 00:02:42,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you have everything 
+you need to know</font>
+
+58
+00:02:42,030 --> 00:02:43,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to understand the economy.</font>
+
+59
+00:02:44,530 --> 00:02:45,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's just that simple.</font>
+
+60
+00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:49,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People, businesses, banks and governments</font>
+
+61
+00:02:49,430 --> 00:02:53,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all engage in transactions 
+the way I just described:</font>
+
+62
+00:02:53,730 --> 00:02:58,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exchanging money and credit 
+for goods, services and financial assets.</font>
+
+63
+00:02:59,030 --> 00:03:01,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The biggest buyer and seller 
+is the government,</font>
+
+64
+00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:04,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which consists of two important parts:</font>
+
+65
+00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:07,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a Central Government 
+that collects taxes and spends money...</font>
+
+66
+00:03:07,690 --> 00:03:09,669
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and a Central Bank,</font>
+
+67
+00:03:09,669 --> 00:03:12,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is different from other buyers 
+and sellers because it</font>
+
+68
+00:03:12,269 --> 00:03:15,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">controls the amount of money 
+and credit in the economy.</font>
+
+69
+00:03:16,689 --> 00:03:19,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It does this by influencing 
+interest rates</font>
+
+70
+00:03:19,650 --> 00:03:21,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and printing new money.</font>
+
+71
+00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:23,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For these reasons, 
+as we'll see,</font>
+
+72
+00:03:24,020 --> 00:03:27,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Central Bank is an 
+important player in the flow</font>
+
+73
+00:03:27,700 --> 00:03:28,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Credit.</font>
+
+74
+00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:31,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I want you to 
+pay attention to credit.</font>
+
+75
+00:03:31,629 --> 00:03:34,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Credit is the most 
+important part of the economy,</font>
+
+76
+00:03:34,659 --> 00:03:36,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and probably the least understood.</font>
+
+77
+00:03:37,039 --> 00:03:40,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It is the most important part 
+because it is the biggest</font>
+
+78
+00:03:40,319 --> 00:03:42,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and most volatile part.</font>
+
+79
+00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:45,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just like buyers and sellers 
+go to the market to make transactions,</font>
+
+80
+00:03:47,100 --> 00:03:49,969
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so do lenders and borrowers.</font>
+
+81
+00:03:49,969 --> 00:03:53,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lenders usually want to 
+make their money into more money</font>
+
+82
+00:03:53,569 --> 00:03:57,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and borrowers usually want to 
+buy something they can't afford,</font>
+
+83
+00:03:57,260 --> 00:03:59,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like a house or car</font>
+
+84
+00:03:59,059 --> 00:04:02,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or they want to invest in 
+something like starting a business.</font>
+
+85
+00:04:03,019 --> 00:04:04,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Credit can help both lenders</font>
+
+86
+00:04:04,599 --> 00:04:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and borrowers get what they want.</font>
+
+87
+00:04:08,099 --> 00:04:11,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Borrowers promise to 
+repay the amount they borrow,</font>
+
+88
+00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:12,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called the principal,</font>
+
+89
+00:04:12,719 --> 00:04:15,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plus an additional amount, called interest.</font>
+
+90
+00:04:15,419 --> 00:04:17,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When interest rates are high,</font>
+
+91
+00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:20,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there is less borrowing 
+because it's expensive.</font>
+
+92
+00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:22,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When interest rates are low,</font>
+
+93
+00:04:22,540 --> 00:04:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">borrowing increases 
+because it's cheaper.</font>
+
+94
+00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:27,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When borrowers promise to repay</font>
+
+95
+00:04:28,330 --> 00:04:29,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and lenders believe them,</font>
+
+96
+00:04:29,959 --> 00:04:31,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit is created.</font>
+
+97
+00:04:31,659 --> 00:04:35,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Any two people can agree 
+to create credit out of thin air!</font>
+
+98
+00:04:35,770 --> 00:04:39,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That seems simple enough 
+but credit is tricky</font>
+
+99
+00:04:39,210 --> 00:04:40,499
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it has different names.</font>
+
+100
+00:04:40,499 --> 00:04:43,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As soon as credit is created,</font>
+
+101
+00:04:43,599 --> 00:04:45,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it immediately turns into debt.</font>
+
+102
+00:04:46,229 --> 00:04:48,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt is both an asset to the lender,</font>
+
+103
+00:04:48,670 --> 00:04:50,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a liability to the borrower.</font>
+
+104
+00:04:51,370 --> 00:04:52,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the future,</font>
+
+105
+00:04:52,540 --> 00:04:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when the borrower repays the loan, 
+plus interest,</font>
+
+106
+00:04:56,240 --> 00:04:58,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the asset and liability disappear</font>
+
+107
+00:04:58,549 --> 00:05:00,949
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the transaction is settled.</font>
+
+108
+00:05:01,749 --> 00:05:04,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, why is credit so important?</font>
+
+109
+00:05:05,229 --> 00:05:07,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because when a borrower receives credit,</font>
+
+110
+00:05:07,619 --> 00:05:09,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he is able to increase his spending.</font>
+
+111
+00:05:09,719 --> 00:05:13,349
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And remember, 
+spending drives the economy.</font>
+
+112
+00:05:13,349 --> 00:05:15,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is because one person's spending</font>
+
+113
+00:05:15,699 --> 00:05:17,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is another person's income.</font>
+
+114
+00:05:17,499 --> 00:05:22,189
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Think about it, 
+every dollar you spend, someone else earns.</font>
+
+115
+00:05:22,189 --> 00:05:25,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and every dollar you earn, 
+someone else has spent.</font>
+
+116
+00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:29,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So when you spend more, 
+someone else earns more.</font>
+
+117
+00:05:29,149 --> 00:05:32,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When someone's income rises</font>
+
+118
+00:05:32,649 --> 00:05:34,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it makes lenders more willing 
+to lend him money</font>
+
+119
+00:05:34,649 --> 00:05:37,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because now he's 
+more worthy of credit.</font>
+
+120
+00:05:37,629 --> 00:05:40,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A creditworthy borrower 
+has two things:</font>
+
+121
+00:05:40,929 --> 00:05:43,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the ability to repay and collateral.</font>
+
+122
+00:05:44,319 --> 00:05:48,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Having a lot of income in relation to his debt gives him the ability to repay.</font>
+
+123
+00:05:49,079 --> 00:05:55,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the event that he can't repay, he has valuable assets to use as collateral that can be sold.</font>
+
+124
+00:05:55,749 --> 00:06:00,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This makes lenders feel comfortable lending him money.</font>
+
+125
+00:06:00,440 --> 00:06:03,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So increased income allows increased borrowing</font>
+
+126
+00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which allows increased spending.</font>
+
+127
+00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And since one person's spending is another person's income,</font>
+
+128
+00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this leads to more increased borrowing and so on.</font>
+
+129
+00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:17,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This self-reinforcing pattern leads to economic growth</font>
+
+130
+00:06:17,350 --> 00:06:21,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and is why we have Cycles.</font>
+
+131
+00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:25,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In a transaction, you have to give something in order to get something</font>
+
+132
+00:06:25,620 --> 00:06:28,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and how much you get depends on how much
+you produce</font>
+
+133
+00:06:29,330 --> 00:06:31,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over time we learned</font>
+
+134
+00:06:31,430 --> 00:06:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that accumulated knowledge raises
+are living standards</font>
+
+135
+00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:36,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we call this productivity growth</font>
+
+136
+00:06:37,430 --> 00:06:40,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those who were invented and hard-working raise</font>
+
+137
+00:06:40,430 --> 00:06:43,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their productivity and their living
+standards faster</font>
+
+138
+00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:46,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than those who are complacent and lazy,</font>
+
+139
+00:06:48,850 --> 00:06:49,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but that isn't necessarily true over the short run.</font>
+
+140
+00:06:49,710 --> 00:06:54,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Productivity matters most in the long run, but credit matters most in the short run.</font>
+
+141
+00:06:54,340 --> 00:06:58,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is because productivity growth doesn't fluctuate much,</font>
+
+142
+00:06:58,370 --> 00:07:01,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so it's not a big driver of economic swings.</font>
+
+143
+00:07:01,480 --> 00:07:06,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt is — because it allows us to consume more than we produce when we acquire it</font>
+
+144
+00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:11,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it forces us to consume less than we produce when we pay it back.</font>
+
+145
+00:07:11,050 --> 00:07:14,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt swings occur in two big cycles.</font>
+
+146
+00:07:14,770 --> 00:07:20,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One takes about 5 to 8 years and the other takes about 75 to 100 years.</font>
+
+147
+00:07:20,830 --> 00:07:25,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While most people feel the swings, they typically don't see them as cycles</font>
+
+148
+00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:29,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they see them too up close -- day by day, week by week.</font>
+
+149
+00:07:29,490 --> 00:07:32,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In this chapter we are going to step back and look at these three big forces</font>
+
+150
+00:07:32,950 --> 00:07:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and how they interact to make up our experiences.</font>
+
+151
+00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:42,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As mentioned, swings around the line are not due to how much innovation or hard work there is,</font>
+
+152
+00:07:42,340 --> 00:07:46,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're primarily due to how much credit there is.</font>
+
+153
+00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:50,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's for a second imagine an economy without credit.</font>
+
+154
+00:07:50,070 --> 00:07:53,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In this economy, the only way I can increase my spending</font>
+
+155
+00:07:53,810 --> 00:07:55,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is to increase my income,</font>
+
+156
+00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which requires me to be more productive and do more work.</font>
+
+157
+00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:03,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Increased productivity is the only way for growth.</font>
+
+158
+00:08:03,020 --> 00:08:05,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since my spending is another person's income,</font>
+
+159
+00:08:05,250 --> 00:08:10,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the economy grows every time I or anyone else is more productive.</font>
+
+160
+00:08:10,430 --> 00:08:13,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If we follow the transactions and play this out,</font>
+
+161
+00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:16,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we see a progression like the productivity growth line.</font>
+
+162
+00:08:16,910 --> 00:08:20,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But because we borrow, we have cycles.</font>
+
+163
+00:08:20,780 --> 00:08:23,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This isn't due to any laws or regulation,</font>
+
+164
+00:08:23,900 --> 00:08:27,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's due to human nature and the way that credit works.</font>
+
+165
+00:08:27,660 --> 00:08:32,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Think of borrowing as simply a way of pulling spending forward.</font>
+
+166
+00:08:32,270 --> 00:08:37,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In order to buy something you can't afford, you need to spend more than you make.</font>
+
+167
+00:08:37,479 --> 00:08:41,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To do this, you essentially need to borrow from your future self.</font>
+
+168
+00:08:41,460 --> 00:08:44,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In doing so you create a time in the future</font>
+
+169
+00:08:44,610 --> 00:08:48,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that you need to spend less than you make in order to pay it back.</font>
+
+170
+00:08:48,690 --> 00:08:51,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It very quickly resembles a cycle.</font>
+
+171
+00:08:51,950 --> 00:08:55,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Basically, anytime you borrow you create a cycle.?</font>
+
+172
+00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:59,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is as true for an individual as it is for the economy.</font>
+
+173
+00:08:59,950 --> 00:09:01,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is why understanding credit is so important</font>
+
+174
+00:09:01,850 --> 00:09:04,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it sets into motion</font>
+
+175
+00:09:04,590 --> 00:09:08,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a mechanical, predictable series of events that will happen in the future.</font>
+
+176
+00:09:08,790 --> 00:09:11,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This makes credit different from money.</font>
+
+177
+00:09:13,470 --> 00:09:14,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Money is what you settle transactions with.</font>
+
+178
+00:09:14,580 --> 00:09:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When you buy a beer from a bartender with cash,</font>
+
+179
+00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the transaction is settled immediately.</font>
+
+180
+00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:22,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But when you buy a beer with credit,</font>
+
+181
+00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:24,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's like starting a bar tab.</font>
+
+182
+00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:27,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You're saying you promise to pay in the future.</font>
+
+183
+00:09:27,530 --> 00:09:32,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Together you and the bartender create an asset and a liability.</font>
+
+184
+00:09:32,070 --> 00:09:35,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You just created credit.  Out of thin air.</font>
+
+185
+00:09:35,250 --> 00:09:38,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's not until you pay the bar tab later</font>
+
+186
+00:09:38,900 --> 00:09:41,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the asset and liability disappear,</font>
+
+187
+00:09:41,250 --> 00:09:42,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the debt goes away</font>
+
+188
+00:09:42,650 --> 00:09:44,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the transaction is settled.</font>
+
+189
+00:09:45,090 --> 00:09:50,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The reality is that most of what people call money is actually credit.</font>
+
+190
+00:09:50,250 --> 00:09:55,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The total amount of credit in the United States is about $50 trillion</font>
+
+191
+00:09:55,510 --> 00:09:59,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the total amount of money is only about $3 trillion.</font>
+
+192
+00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:02,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Remember, in an economy without credit:</font>
+
+193
+00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the only way to increase your spending is to produce more.</font>
+
+194
+00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:07,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But in an economy with credit,</font>
+
+195
+00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:10,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can also increase your spending by borrowing.</font>
+
+196
+00:10:10,780 --> 00:10:14,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As a result, an economy with credit has more spending</font>
+
+197
+00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:18,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and allows incomes to rise faster than productivity over the short run,</font>
+
+198
+00:10:18,090 --> 00:10:19,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but not over the long run.</font>
+
+199
+00:10:20,090 --> 00:10:21,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, don't get me wrong,</font>
+
+200
+00:10:21,560 --> 00:10:25,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit isn't necessarily something bad that just causes cycles.</font>
+
+201
+00:10:25,660 --> 00:10:30,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's bad when it finances over-consumption that can't be paid back.</font>
+
+202
+00:10:30,900 --> 00:10:34,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, it's good when it efficiently allocates resources</font>
+
+203
+00:10:34,490 --> 00:10:37,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and produces income so you can pay back the debt.</font>
+
+204
+00:10:37,690 --> 00:10:40,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For example, if you borrow money to buy a big TV,</font>
+
+205
+00:10:40,980 --> 00:10:43,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it doesn't generate income 
+for you to pay back the debt.</font>
+
+206
+00:10:44,079 --> 00:10:47,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But, if you borrow money 
+to buy a tractor —</font>
+
+207
+00:10:48,380 --> 00:10:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that tractor let's you harvest 
+more crops and earn more money</font>
+
+208
+00:10:51,560 --> 00:10:53,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— then, you can pay back your debt</font>
+
+209
+00:10:53,090 --> 00:10:56,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and improve your living standards.</font>
+
+210
+00:10:56,490 --> 00:10:57,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In an economy with credit,</font>
+
+211
+00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can follow the transactions</font>
+
+212
+00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:01,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and see how credit creates growth.</font>
+
+213
+00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let me give you an example:</font>
+
+214
+00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:08,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Suppose you earn $100,000 a year and have no debt.</font>
+
+215
+00:11:08,390 --> 00:11:11,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You are creditworthy enough to borrow $10,000 dollars</font>
+
+216
+00:11:11,540 --> 00:11:13,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- say on a credit card</font>
+
+217
+00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:15,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- so you can spend $110,000 dollars</font>
+
+218
+00:11:15,250 --> 00:11:18,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even though you only earn $100,000 dollars.</font>
+
+219
+00:11:18,750 --> 00:11:21,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since your spending is another person's income,</font>
+
+220
+00:11:21,460 --> 00:11:24,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">someone is earning $110,000 dollars.</font>
+
+221
+00:11:25,060 --> 00:11:27,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The person earning $110,000 dollars</font>
+
+222
+00:11:27,770 --> 00:11:31,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with no debt can borrow $11,000 dollars,</font>
+
+223
+00:11:31,429 --> 00:11:34,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so he can spend $121,000 dollars</font>
+
+224
+00:11:34,070 --> 00:11:38,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even though he has only earned $110,000 dollars.</font>
+
+225
+00:11:38,170 --> 00:11:40,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">His spending is another person's income</font>
+
+226
+00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:43,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and by following the transactions</font>
+
+227
+00:11:43,430 --> 00:11:45,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we can begin to see how this process</font>
+
+228
+00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:47,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">works in a self-reinforcing pattern.</font>
+
+229
+00:11:47,830 --> 00:11:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But remember, borrowing creates cycles</font>
+
+230
+00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:55,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and if the cycle goes up, it eventually needs to come down.</font>
+
+231
+00:11:56,009 --> 00:11:59,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This leads us into the Short Term Debt Cycle.</font>
+
+232
+00:12:00,810 --> 00:12:04,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As economic activity increases, we see an expansion</font>
+
+233
+00:12:04,380 --> 00:12:06,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- the first phase of the short term debt cycle.</font>
+
+234
+00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:10,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Spending continues to increase and prices start to rise.</font>
+
+235
+00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:15,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This happens because the increase in spending is fueled by credit</font>
+
+236
+00:12:15,230 --> 00:12:17,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- which can be created instantly out of thin air.</font>
+
+237
+00:12:17,450 --> 00:12:22,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When the amount of spending and incomes grow faster than the production of goods:</font>
+
+238
+00:12:22,680 --> 00:12:23,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prices rise.</font>
+
+239
+00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When prices rise, we call this inflation.</font>
+
+240
+00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:32,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Central Bank doesn't want too much inflation</font>
+
+241
+00:12:32,500 --> 00:12:35,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it causes problems.</font>
+
+242
+00:12:35,010 --> 00:12:38,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Seeing prices rise, it raises interest rates.</font>
+
+243
+00:12:38,250 --> 00:12:42,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">With higher interest rates, fewer people can afford to borrow money.</font>
+
+244
+00:12:42,959 --> 00:12:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the cost of existing debts rises.</font>
+
+245
+00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:50,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Think about this as the monthly payments 
+on your credit card going up.</font>
+
+246
+00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:54,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because people borrow less and have higher debt repayments,</font>
+
+247
+00:12:54,459 --> 00:12:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they have less money leftover to spend, so spending slows</font>
+
+248
+00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:02,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and since one person's spending is another person's income,</font>
+
+249
+00:13:02,779 --> 00:13:06,589
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incomes drop...and so on and so forth.</font>
+
+250
+00:13:06,589 --> 00:13:10,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When people spend less, prices go down.</font>
+
+251
+00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:12,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We call this deflation.</font>
+
+252
+00:13:12,689 --> 00:13:17,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Economic activity decreases and we have a recession.</font>
+
+253
+00:13:17,460 --> 00:13:20,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If the recession becomes too severe</font>
+
+254
+00:13:20,060 --> 00:13:22,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and inflation is no longer a problem,</font>
+
+255
+00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:27,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the central bank will lower interest rates to cause everything to pick up again.</font>
+
+256
+00:13:27,060 --> 00:13:29,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">With low interest rates,</font>
+
+257
+00:13:29,650 --> 00:13:30,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">debt repayments are reduced</font>
+
+258
+00:13:30,650 --> 00:13:33,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and borrowing and spending pick up</font>
+
+259
+00:13:33,250 --> 00:13:35,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and we see another expansion.</font>
+
+260
+00:13:35,450 --> 00:13:39,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As you can see, the economy works like a machine.</font>
+
+261
+00:13:40,250 --> 00:13:44,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the short term debt cycle, 
+spending is constrained only by the willingness of</font>
+
+262
+00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:47,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lenders and borrowers to provide and receive credit.</font>
+
+263
+00:13:47,140 --> 00:13:52,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When credit is easily available, 
+there's an economic expansion.</font>
+
+264
+00:13:52,510 --> 00:13:56,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When credit isn't easily available, 
+there's a recession.</font>
+
+265
+00:13:56,090 --> 00:14:00,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And note that this cycle is controlled primarily by the central bank.</font>
+
+266
+00:14:00,450 --> 00:14:05,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The short term debt cycle typically lasts 5 - 8 years</font>
+
+267
+00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:08,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and happens over and over again for decades.</font>
+
+268
+00:14:08,410 --> 00:14:10,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But notice that the bottom and</font>
+
+269
+00:14:10,410 --> 00:14:12,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">top of each cycle finish</font>
+
+270
+00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:16,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with more growth than the previous cycle and with more debt.</font>
+
+271
+00:14:16,670 --> 00:14:18,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Why?</font>
+
+272
+00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:20,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because people push it</font>
+
+273
+00:14:20,740 --> 00:14:25,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— they have an inclination to borrow 
+and spend more instead of paying back debt.</font>
+
+274
+00:14:25,530 --> 00:14:27,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's human nature.</font>
+
+275
+00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:29,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because of this,</font>
+
+276
+00:14:29,380 --> 00:14:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over long periods of time,</font>
+
+277
+00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:33,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">debts rise faster than incomes</font>
+
+278
+00:14:33,470 --> 00:14:36,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">creating the Long Term Debt Cycle.</font>
+
+279
+00:14:38,070 --> 00:14:39,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Despite people becoming more indebted,</font>
+
+280
+00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:44,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lenders even more freely extend credit.</font>
+
+281
+00:14:44,030 --> 00:14:45,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Why?</font>
+
+282
+00:14:45,030 --> 00:14:48,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because everybody thinks things are going great!</font>
+
+283
+00:14:48,670 --> 00:14:51,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People are just focusing on what's been happening lately.</font>
+
+284
+00:14:51,970 --> 00:14:55,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And what has been happening lately?</font>
+
+285
+00:14:55,650 --> 00:14:57,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Incomes have been rising!</font>
+
+286
+00:14:57,650 --> 00:14:59,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Asset values are going up!</font>
+
+287
+00:14:59,250 --> 00:15:01,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The stock market roars!</font>
+
+288
+00:15:01,550 --> 00:15:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a boom!</font>
+
+289
+00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:06,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It pays to buy goods, services, and financial assets</font>
+
+290
+00:15:06,690 --> 00:15:08,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with borrowed money!</font>
+
+291
+00:15:08,390 --> 00:15:11,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When people do a lot of that, we call it a bubble.</font>
+
+292
+00:15:11,770 --> 00:15:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So even though debts have been growing,</font>
+
+293
+00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:18,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incomes have been growing nearly as fast to offset them.</font>
+
+294
+00:15:18,110 --> 00:15:21,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's call the ratio of debt-to-income the debt burden.</font>
+
+295
+00:15:21,970 --> 00:15:25,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So long as incomes continue to rise,</font>
+
+296
+00:15:25,210 --> 00:15:27,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the debt burden stays manageable.</font>
+
+297
+00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:30,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the same time asset values soar.</font>
+
+298
+00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:33,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People borrow huge amounts of money</font>
+
+299
+00:15:34,030 --> 00:15:35,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to buy assets as investments</font>
+
+300
+00:15:35,060 --> 00:15:37,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">causing their prices to rise even higher.</font>
+
+301
+00:15:37,660 --> 00:15:40,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People feel wealthy.</font>
+
+302
+00:15:40,260 --> 00:15:43,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So even with the accumulation of lots of debt,</font>
+
+303
+00:15:43,260 --> 00:15:49,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rising incomes and asset values 
+help borrowers remain creditworthy for a long time.</font>
+
+304
+00:15:49,490 --> 00:15:52,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But this obviously can not continue forever.</font>
+
+305
+00:15:52,530 --> 00:15:54,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it doesn't.</font>
+
+306
+00:15:54,250 --> 00:16:00,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over decades, debt burdens slowly increase
+ creating larger and larger debt repayments.</font>
+
+307
+00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:05,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At some point, debt repayments start growing faster than incomes</font>
+
+308
+00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:08,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forcing people to cut back on their spending.</font>
+
+309
+00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:12,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And since one person's spending is another person's income,</font>
+
+310
+00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incomes begin to go down...</font>
+
+311
+00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:19,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...which makes people less creditworthy
+ causing borrowing to go down.</font>
+
+312
+00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:22,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt repayments continue to rise</font>
+
+313
+00:16:22,020 --> 00:16:24,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which makes spending drop even further...</font>
+
+314
+00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:27,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and the cycle reverses itself.</font>
+
+315
+00:16:27,140 --> 00:16:30,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the long term debt peak.</font>
+
+316
+00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:34,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt burdens have simply become too big.</font>
+
+317
+00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:38,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For the United States, Europe and much of the rest of the world this</font>
+
+318
+00:16:38,830 --> 00:16:40,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened in 2008.</font>
+
+319
+00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:45,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It happened for the same reason it happened in Japan in 1989</font>
+
+320
+00:16:45,430 --> 00:16:48,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in the United States back in 1929.</font>
+
+321
+00:16:48,750 --> 00:16:51,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now the economy begins Deleveraging.</font>
+
+322
+00:16:51,980 --> 00:16:56,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In a deleveraging; people cut spending,</font>
+
+323
+00:16:56,500 --> 00:16:59,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incomes fall, credit disappears,</font>
+
+324
+00:16:59,540 --> 00:17:02,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assets prices drop, banks get squeezed,</font>
+
+325
+00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:06,339
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the stock market crashes, social tensions rise</font>
+
+326
+00:17:06,339 --> 00:17:09,709
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the whole thing starts to feed on itself the other way.</font>
+
+327
+00:17:09,709 --> 00:17:13,849
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As incomes fall and debt repayments rise,</font>
+
+328
+00:17:13,849 --> 00:17:17,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">borrowers get squeezed. 
+No longer creditworthy,</font>
+
+329
+00:17:17,990 --> 00:17:22,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit dries up and borrowers can no longer borrow 
+enough money to make their</font>
+
+330
+00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:23,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">debt repayments.</font>
+
+331
+00:17:23,599 --> 00:17:28,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Scrambling to fill this hole, borrowers are forced to sell assets.</font>
+
+332
+00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:31,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The rush to sell assets floods the market</font>
+
+333
+00:17:31,550 --> 00:17:36,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is when the stock market collapses,</font>
+
+334
+00:17:36,370 --> 00:17:39,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the real estate market tanks and banks get into trouble.</font>
+
+335
+00:17:39,740 --> 00:17:44,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As asset prices drop, the value of the collateral borrowers can put up drops.</font>
+
+336
+00:17:44,940 --> 00:17:48,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This makes borrowers even less creditworthy.</font>
+
+337
+00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:50,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People feel poor.</font>
+
+338
+00:17:51,300 --> 00:17:55,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Credit rapidly disappears. 
+Less spending ›</font>
+
+339
+00:17:55,010 --> 00:17:55,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less income ›</font>
+
+340
+00:17:55,890 --> 00:17:57,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less wealth ›</font>
+
+341
+00:17:57,890 --> 00:17:58,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less credit ›</font>
+
+342
+00:17:58,590 --> 00:18:00,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less borrowing and so on.</font>
+
+343
+00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a vicious cycle.</font>
+
+344
+00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This appears similar to a recession but the difference here</font>
+
+345
+00:18:06,530 --> 00:18:10,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is that interest rates can't be lowered to save the day.</font>
+
+346
+00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:14,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In a recession, lowering interest rates works to stimulate the borrowing.</font>
+
+347
+00:18:14,590 --> 00:18:18,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, in a deleveraging, lowering interest rates doesn't work because</font>
+
+348
+00:18:18,570 --> 00:18:20,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interest rates are already</font>
+
+349
+00:18:20,530 --> 00:18:25,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">low and soon hit 0% - so the stimulation ends.</font>
+
+350
+00:18:25,310 --> 00:18:29,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Interest rates in the United States hit 0% during the deleveraging of</font>
+
+351
+00:18:29,210 --> 00:18:30,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the 1930s</font>
+
+352
+00:18:30,840 --> 00:18:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and again in 2008.</font>
+
+353
+00:18:33,440 --> 00:18:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The difference between a recession</font>
+
+354
+00:18:35,840 --> 00:18:40,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a deleveraging is that in a deleveraging borrowers' debt burdens have</font>
+
+355
+00:18:40,270 --> 00:18:41,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">simply gotten too big</font>
+
+356
+00:18:41,930 --> 00:18:45,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and can't be relieved by lowering interest rates.</font>
+
+357
+00:18:45,050 --> 00:18:50,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lenders realize that debts have become too large to ever be fully paid back.</font>
+
+358
+00:18:50,240 --> 00:18:55,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Borrowers have lost their ability to repay and their collateral has lost value.</font>
+
+359
+00:18:55,310 --> 00:18:59,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They feel crippled by the debt - they don't even want more!</font>
+
+360
+00:18:59,370 --> 00:19:03,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lenders stop lending. 
+Borrowers stop borrowing.</font>
+
+361
+00:19:03,490 --> 00:19:07,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Think of the economy as being not-creditworthy,</font>
+
+362
+00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just like an individual.</font>
+
+363
+00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So what do you do about a deleveraging?</font>
+
+364
+00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:17,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The problem is debt burdens are too high and they must come down.</font>
+
+365
+00:19:17,540 --> 00:19:20,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are four ways this can happen.</font>
+
+366
+00:19:20,790 --> 00:19:24,489
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1. people, businesses, and governments cut their spending.</font>
+
+367
+00:19:24,489 --> 00:19:28,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2. debts are reduced through defaults and restructurings.</font>
+
+368
+00:19:28,409 --> 00:19:34,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">3. wealth is redistributed from the 'haves' to the 'have nots'.</font>
+
+369
+00:19:34,139 --> 00:19:37,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and finally, 4. the central bank prints new money.</font>
+
+370
+00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:42,999
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These 4 ways have happened in every deleveraging in modern history.</font>
+
+371
+00:19:45,699 --> 00:19:47,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Usually, spending is cut first.</font>
+
+372
+00:19:47,879 --> 00:19:52,129
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As we just saw, people, businesses, banks and even governments tighten their belts and</font>
+
+373
+00:19:52,129 --> 00:19:54,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cut their spending so that they can pay down their debt.</font>
+
+374
+00:19:54,869 --> 00:19:58,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is often referred to as austerity.</font>
+
+375
+00:19:58,559 --> 00:20:01,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When borrowers stop taking on new debts,</font>
+
+376
+00:20:01,830 --> 00:20:06,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and start paying down old debts, you might expect the debt burden to decrease.</font>
+
+377
+00:20:06,769 --> 00:20:10,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the opposite happens!
+Because spending is cut</font>
+
+378
+00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:14,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- and one man's spending is another man's income - it causes</font>
+
+379
+00:20:14,610 --> 00:20:19,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incomes to fall.
+They fall faster than debts are repaid</font>
+
+380
+00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:23,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the debt burden actually gets worse.
+As we've seen,</font>
+
+381
+00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:26,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this cut in spending is deflationary and painful.</font>
+
+382
+00:20:26,330 --> 00:20:29,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Businesses are forced to cut costs...</font>
+
+383
+00:20:29,389 --> 00:20:32,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which means less jobs and higher unemployment.</font>
+
+384
+00:20:32,779 --> 00:20:37,139
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This leads to the next step: debts must be reduced!</font>
+
+385
+00:20:37,139 --> 00:20:41,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many borrowers find themselves unable to repay their loans</font>
+
+386
+00:20:41,149 --> 00:20:44,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— and a borrower's debts are a lender's assets.</font>
+
+387
+00:20:44,299 --> 00:20:48,749
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When borrowers don't repay the bank, 
+people get nervous that the bank won't</font>
+
+388
+00:20:48,749 --> 00:20:50,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be able to repay them</font>
+
+389
+00:20:50,309 --> 00:20:54,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so they rush to withdraw their money from the bank.
+Banks get squeezed and</font>
+
+390
+00:20:54,909 --> 00:20:55,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people,</font>
+
+391
+00:20:55,590 --> 00:21:00,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">businesses and banks default on their debts.
+This severe</font>
+
+392
+00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:03,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">economic contraction is a depression.</font>
+
+393
+00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:08,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A big part of a depression is people discovering much of what they thought</font>
+
+394
+00:21:08,649 --> 00:21:11,089
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was their wealth isn't really there.</font>
+
+395
+00:21:11,089 --> 00:21:13,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's go back to the bar.</font>
+
+396
+00:21:13,690 --> 00:21:17,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When you bought a beer and put it on a bar tab,</font>
+
+397
+00:21:17,619 --> 00:21:23,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you promised to repay the bartender. 
+Your promise became an asset of the bartender.</font>
+
+398
+00:21:23,570 --> 00:21:28,129
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But if you break your promise
+ - if you don't pay him back and essentially default</font>
+
+399
+00:21:28,129 --> 00:21:29,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on your bar tab -</font>
+
+400
+00:21:29,309 --> 00:21:32,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then the 'asset' he has isn't really worth anything.</font>
+
+401
+00:21:32,649 --> 00:21:35,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It has basically disappeared.</font>
+
+402
+00:21:35,779 --> 00:21:39,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many lenders don't want their assets to disappear and agree to debt</font>
+
+403
+00:21:39,710 --> 00:21:40,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">restructuring.</font>
+
+404
+00:21:40,759 --> 00:21:44,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Debt restructuring means lenders get paid back</font>
+
+405
+00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:48,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">less or get paid back over a longer time frame</font>
+
+406
+00:21:48,049 --> 00:21:52,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or at a lower interest rate that was first agreed.
+Somehow</font>
+
+407
+00:21:52,330 --> 00:21:56,889
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a contract is broken in a way that reduces debt.
+Lenders would rather have a</font>
+
+408
+00:21:56,889 --> 00:21:59,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">little of something than all of nothing.</font>
+
+409
+00:21:59,419 --> 00:22:03,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even though debt disappears, debt restructuring causes</font>
+
+410
+00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:06,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">income and asset values to disappear
+faster,</font>
+
+411
+00:22:06,559 --> 00:22:09,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so the debt burden continues to gets worse.</font>
+
+412
+00:22:09,679 --> 00:22:12,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Like cutting spending, debt reduction</font>
+
+413
+00:22:12,950 --> 00:22:16,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is also painful and deflationary.</font>
+
+414
+00:22:16,009 --> 00:22:21,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All of this impacts the central government because lower incomes and less employment</font>
+
+415
+00:22:21,940 --> 00:22:27,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">means the government collects fewer taxes.</font>
+
+416
+00:22:27,049 --> 00:22:30,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the same time it needs to increase its spending because unemployment has risen.</font>
+
+417
+00:22:30,210 --> 00:22:33,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many of the unemployed have inadequate savings</font>
+
+418
+00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:36,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and need financial support from the government.</font>
+
+419
+00:22:36,419 --> 00:22:39,999
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Additionally, governments create stimulus plans</font>
+
+420
+00:22:39,999 --> 00:22:43,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and increase their spending to make up for the decrease in the economy.</font>
+
+421
+00:22:43,879 --> 00:22:47,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Governments' budget deficits explode in a</font>
+
+422
+00:22:47,509 --> 00:22:51,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deleveraging because they spend more than they earn in taxes.</font>
+
+423
+00:22:51,059 --> 00:22:55,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is what is happening when you hear about the budget deficit on the news.</font>
+
+424
+00:22:55,720 --> 00:23:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To fund their deficits, governments need to either raise taxes</font>
+
+425
+00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:06,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or borrow money. 
+But with incomes falling and so many unemployed,</font>
+
+426
+00:23:06,059 --> 00:23:09,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who is the money going to come from? 
+The rich.</font>
+
+427
+00:23:09,789 --> 00:23:14,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since governments need more money and since wealth is heavily concentrated in</font>
+
+428
+00:23:14,580 --> 00:23:17,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the hands of a small percentage of the people,</font>
+
+429
+00:23:17,109 --> 00:23:20,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">governments naturally raise taxes on the wealthy</font>
+
+430
+00:23:20,379 --> 00:23:24,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which facilitates a redistribution of wealth in the economy -</font>
+
+431
+00:23:24,450 --> 00:23:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the 'haves' to the 'have nots'. 
+The 'have-nots,' who are suffering, begin to</font>
+
+432
+00:23:29,279 --> 00:23:30,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">resent the wealthy 'haves.'</font>
+
+433
+00:23:30,970 --> 00:23:36,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The wealthy 'haves,' being squeezed by the weak economy, falling asset prices,</font>
+
+434
+00:23:36,309 --> 00:23:39,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">higher taxes, begin to resent the 'have nots.'</font>
+
+435
+00:23:39,940 --> 00:23:43,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If the depression continues social disorder can break out.</font>
+
+436
+00:23:43,890 --> 00:23:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not only do tensions rise within countries,</font>
+
+437
+00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:52,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they can rise between countries - especially debtor and creditor countries.</font>
+
+438
+00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:56,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This situation can lead to political change</font>
+
+439
+00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:58,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that can sometimes be extreme.</font>
+
+440
+00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:02,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the 1930s, this led to Hitler coming to power,</font>
+
+441
+00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:08,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">war in Europe, and depression in the United States. Pressure to do something</font>
+
+442
+00:24:08,080 --> 00:24:10,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to end the depression increases.</font>
+
+443
+00:24:10,070 --> 00:24:14,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Remember, most of what people thought was money was actually credit.</font>
+
+444
+00:24:14,950 --> 00:24:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, when credit disappears, people don't have enough money.</font>
+
+445
+00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:23,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People are desperate for money and you remember who can print money?</font>
+
+446
+00:24:23,190 --> 00:24:27,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Central Bank can.</font>
+
+447
+00:24:27,370 --> 00:24:30,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Having already lowered its interest rates to nearly 0</font>
+
+448
+00:24:30,309 --> 00:24:34,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- it's forced to print money. Unlike cutting spending,</font>
+
+449
+00:24:34,090 --> 00:24:37,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">debt reduction, and wealth redistribution,</font>
+
+450
+00:24:37,299 --> 00:24:42,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">printing money is inflationary and stimulative. Inevitably, the central bank</font>
+
+451
+00:24:42,190 --> 00:24:43,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prints new money</font>
+
+452
+00:24:43,210 --> 00:24:47,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">— out of thin air — and uses it to buy financial assets</font>
+
+453
+00:24:47,150 --> 00:24:52,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and government bonds. It happened in the United States during the Great Depression</font>
+
+454
+00:24:52,260 --> 00:24:56,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and again in 2008, when the United States' central bank —</font>
+
+455
+00:24:56,010 --> 00:24:59,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Federal Reserve — printed over two trillion dollars.</font>
+
+456
+00:24:59,940 --> 00:25:04,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Other central banks around the world that could, 
+printed a lot of money, too.</font>
+
+457
+00:25:04,179 --> 00:25:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By buying financial assets with this money,</font>
+
+458
+00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it helps drive up asset prices which makes people more creditworthy.</font>
+
+459
+00:25:11,679 --> 00:25:15,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, this only helps those who own financial assets.</font>
+
+460
+00:25:15,820 --> 00:25:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You see, the central bank can print money but it can only buy financial assets.</font>
+
+461
+00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:24,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Central Government, on the other hand,</font>
+
+462
+00:25:24,900 --> 00:25:29,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can buy goods and services and put money in the hands of the people</font>
+
+463
+00:25:29,580 --> 00:25:34,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it can't print money. So, in order to stimulate the economy, the two</font>
+
+464
+00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:35,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">must cooperate.</font>
+
+465
+00:25:35,650 --> 00:25:40,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By buying government bonds, the Central Bank essentially lends money to the</font>
+
+466
+00:25:40,470 --> 00:25:41,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">government,</font>
+
+467
+00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:44,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">allowing it to run a deficit and increase spending</font>
+
+468
+00:25:44,909 --> 00:25:48,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on goods and services through its stimulus programs</font>
+
+469
+00:25:48,650 --> 00:25:53,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and unemployment benefits. This increases people's income</font>
+
+470
+00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as well as the government's debt. However,</font>
+
+471
+00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:59,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it will lower the economy's total debt burden.</font>
+
+472
+00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:05,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is a very risky time. Policy makers need to balance the four ways that debt</font>
+
+473
+00:26:05,429 --> 00:26:06,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">burdens come down.</font>
+
+474
+00:26:06,590 --> 00:26:13,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The deflationary ways need to balance with the inflationary ways in</font>
+
+475
+00:26:13,050 --> 00:26:14,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order to maintain stability.</font>
+
+476
+00:26:14,710 --> 00:26:18,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If balanced correctly, there can be a</font>
+
+477
+00:26:18,130 --> 00:26:21,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Beautiful Deleveraging.</font>
+
+478
+00:26:21,479 --> 00:26:25,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You see, a deleveraging can be ugly or it can be beautiful.</font>
+
+479
+00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:28,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How can a deleveraging be beautiful?</font>
+
+480
+00:26:28,839 --> 00:26:33,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even though a deleveraging is a difficult situation,</font>
+
+481
+00:26:33,429 --> 00:26:37,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">handling a difficult situation in the best possible way is beautiful.</font>
+
+482
+00:26:37,549 --> 00:26:42,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A lot more beautiful than the debt-fueled, unbalanced excesses of the</font>
+
+483
+00:26:42,210 --> 00:26:45,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leveraging phase. 
+In a beautiful deleveraging,</font>
+
+484
+00:26:45,940 --> 00:26:51,089
+<font color="white" size=".72c">debts decline relative to income, real economic growth is positive,</font>
+
+485
+00:26:51,089 --> 00:26:56,889
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and inflation isn't a problem. 
+It is achieved by having the right balance.</font>
+
+486
+00:26:56,889 --> 00:27:00,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The right balance requires a certain mix</font>
+
+487
+00:27:00,159 --> 00:27:04,229
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of cutting spending, reducing debt, transferring wealth</font>
+
+488
+00:27:04,229 --> 00:27:09,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and printing money so that economic and social stability can be maintained.</font>
+
+489
+00:27:09,149 --> 00:27:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People ask if printing money will raise inflation.</font>
+
+490
+00:27:13,639 --> 00:27:18,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It won't if it offsets falling credit. 
+Remember, spending is what matters.</font>
+
+491
+00:27:18,879 --> 00:27:24,249
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A dollar of spending paid for with money has the same effect on price as a dollar</font>
+
+492
+00:27:24,249 --> 00:27:25,969
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of spending paid for with credit.</font>
+
+493
+00:27:25,969 --> 00:27:31,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By printing money, the Central Bank can make up for the disappearance of credit</font>
+
+494
+00:27:31,299 --> 00:27:33,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with an increase in the amount of money.</font>
+
+495
+00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:38,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In order to turn things around, the Central Bank needs to not only pump up</font>
+
+496
+00:27:38,509 --> 00:27:39,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">income growth</font>
+
+497
+00:27:39,519 --> 00:27:43,849
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but get the rate of income growth higher than the rate of interest on the</font>
+
+498
+00:27:43,849 --> 00:27:45,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accumulated debt.</font>
+
+499
+00:27:45,099 --> 00:27:48,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, what do I mean by that? Basically,</font>
+
+500
+00:27:48,379 --> 00:27:52,309
+<font color="white" size=".72c">income needs to grow faster than debt grows. For example:</font>
+
+501
+00:27:52,309 --> 00:27:56,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's assume that a country going through a deleveraging has a debt-to-</font>
+
+502
+00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:58,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">income ratio of 100%.</font>
+
+503
+00:27:58,580 --> 00:28:03,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That means that the amount of debt it has is the same as the amount of income the</font>
+
+504
+00:28:03,659 --> 00:28:05,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">entire country makes in a year.</font>
+
+505
+00:28:05,799 --> 00:28:09,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now think about the interest rate on that debt,</font>
+
+506
+00:28:09,009 --> 00:28:11,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's say it is 2%.</font>
+
+507
+00:28:11,159 --> 00:28:15,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If debt is growing at 2% because of that interest rate and</font>
+
+508
+00:28:15,029 --> 00:28:15,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">income</font>
+
+509
+00:28:15,690 --> 00:28:20,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is only growing at around only 1%, you will never reduce the debt burden.</font>
+
+510
+00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:24,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You need to print enough money to get the rate of income growth above the</font>
+
+511
+00:28:24,809 --> 00:28:25,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rate of interest.</font>
+
+512
+00:28:25,950 --> 00:28:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, printing money can easily be abused because it's so easy to do and</font>
+
+513
+00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people prefer it to the alternatives.</font>
+
+514
+00:28:33,049 --> 00:28:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The key is to avoid printing too much money</font>
+
+515
+00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:41,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and causing unacceptably high inflation, the way Germany did during its</font>
+
+516
+00:28:41,110 --> 00:28:43,129
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deleveraging in the 1920's.</font>
+
+517
+00:28:43,129 --> 00:28:48,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If policymakers achieve the right balance, a deleveraging isn't so dramatic.</font>
+
+518
+00:28:48,269 --> 00:28:51,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Growth is slow but debt burdens go down.</font>
+
+519
+00:28:51,340 --> 00:28:54,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's a beautiful deleveraging.</font>
+
+520
+00:28:54,470 --> 00:28:59,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When incomes begin to rise, borrowers begin to appear more creditworthy.</font>
+
+521
+00:28:59,830 --> 00:29:02,999
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And when borrowers appear more creditworthy,</font>
+
+522
+00:29:02,999 --> 00:29:08,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lenders begin to lend money again. 
+Debt burdens finally begin to fall.</font>
+
+523
+00:29:08,509 --> 00:29:13,499
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Able to borrow money, people can spend more. Eventually, the economy begins to</font>
+
+524
+00:29:13,499 --> 00:29:14,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grow again,</font>
+
+525
+00:29:14,399 --> 00:29:18,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leading to the reflation phase of the long term debt cycle.</font>
+
+526
+00:29:18,009 --> 00:29:22,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Though the deleveraging process can be horrible if handled badly,</font>
+
+527
+00:29:22,490 --> 00:29:26,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if handled well, it will eventually fix the problem.</font>
+
+528
+00:29:26,279 --> 00:29:29,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It takes roughly a decade or more</font>
+
+529
+00:29:29,580 --> 00:29:33,669
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for debt burdens to fall and economic activity to get back to normal</font>
+
+530
+00:29:33,669 --> 00:29:37,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">- hence the term 'lost decade.'</font>
+
+531
+00:29:37,899 --> 00:29:42,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Of course, the economy is a little more complicated than this template</font>
+
+532
+00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:43,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">suggests.</font>
+
+533
+00:29:43,639 --> 00:29:48,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, laying the short term debt cycle on top of the long term debt cycle</font>
+
+534
+00:29:48,850 --> 00:29:52,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then laying both of them on top of the productivity growth line</font>
+
+535
+00:29:52,629 --> 00:29:55,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gives a reasonably good template for seeing where we've been,</font>
+
+536
+00:29:55,919 --> 00:29:58,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where we are now and where we are probably headed.</font>
+
+537
+00:29:58,919 --> 00:30:03,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So in summary, there are three rules of thumb that I'd like you to take away</font>
+
+538
+00:30:03,019 --> 00:30:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from this:</font>
+
+539
+00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:08,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">First: 
+Don't have debt rise faster than income,</font>
+
+540
+00:30:08,220 --> 00:30:11,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because your debt burdens will eventually crush you.</font>
+
+541
+00:30:11,429 --> 00:30:16,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Second: 
+Don't have income rise faster than productivity,</font>
+
+542
+00:30:16,059 --> 00:30:19,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because you will eventually become uncompetitive.</font>
+
+543
+00:30:19,159 --> 00:30:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And third: 
+Do all that you can to raise your productivity,</font>
+
+544
+00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:29,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because, in the long run, that's what matters most.</font>
+
+545
+00:30:29,549 --> 00:30:34,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is simple advice for you and it's simple advice for policy makers.</font>
+
+546
+00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:38,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You might be surprised but most people — including most policy makers — don't pay enough attention</font>
+
+547
+00:30:38,470 --> 00:30:39,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to this.</font>
+
+548
+00:30:39,509 --> 00:30:44,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This template has worked for me and I hope that it'll work for you.</font>
+
+549
+00:30:44,059 --> 00:30:46,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thank you.</font>
+

subtitle/PSt_op3fQck.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+1
+00:00:01,790 --> 00:00:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s a big world, full of difference and
+diversity.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:14,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How you see others is influenced by your own
+cultural perspective, and how others see you</font>
+
+3
+00:00:14,150 --> 00:00:18,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is influenced by their cultural perspective.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:18,790 --> 00:00:20,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What happens when you speak?</font>
+
+5
+00:00:20,220 --> 00:00:24,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do people from other cultures understand you
+in the way you intended?</font>
+
+6
+00:00:24,200 --> 00:00:29,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And what happens with different cultures in
+the work place?</font>
+
+7
+00:00:29,809 --> 00:00:33,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How rigid or flexible is their approach to
+rules?</font>
+
+8
+00:00:33,980 --> 00:00:37,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Is formal or informal behaviour expected?</font>
+
+9
+00:00:37,250 --> 00:00:41,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And how do different cultures approach time
+keeping?</font>
+
+10
+00:00:41,020 --> 00:00:47,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In todays’ global business environment,
+it is essential to learn to navigate across</font>
+
+11
+00:00:47,240 --> 00:00:49,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">different cultural landscapes.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:49,579 --> 00:00:51,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You need a good set of tools to do this.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:51,830 --> 00:00:57,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You need an understanding of how different
+cultures trade and do business.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:57,050 --> 00:01:04,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">An insight into how different cultures communicate
+and a clear idea of how different cultures</font>
+
+15
+00:01:04,069 --> 00:01:05,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">manage people.</font>
+
+16
+00:01:05,069 --> 00:01:11,310
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To be a savvy global traveller you need to
+be willing to undertake the journey of understanding</font>
+
+17
+00:01:11,310 --> 00:01:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other cultures.</font>
+
+18
+00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:36,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Develop cultural intelligence so you can communicate
+confidently across cultures</font>
+

subtitle/QTA8j5wSTx4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+1
+00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay i read this book back in grade</font>
+
+3
+00:00:02,480 --> 00:00:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">school</font>
+
+4
+00:00:03,280 --> 00:00:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the title says it all dear napoleon i</font>
+
+5
+00:00:05,680 --> 00:00:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know you're dead</font>
+
+6
+00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:10,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it's about a kid who writes letters</font>
+
+7
+00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:14,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to napoleon bonaparte</font>
+
+8
+00:00:10,639 --> 00:00:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who is of course dead the cover design</font>
+
+9
+00:00:14,080 --> 00:00:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is classic 90s chapter book and shows</font>
+
+10
+00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:20,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something the main character</font>
+
+11
+00:00:18,240 --> 00:00:22,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is obsessed with this weird thing</font>
+
+12
+00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:25,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon seemed to always</font>
+
+13
+00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:27,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do pose with one hand in his coat</font>
+
+14
+00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:29,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i don't know why but that part of the</font>
+
+15
+00:00:27,439 --> 00:00:31,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">book always stuck with me</font>
+
+16
+00:00:29,359 --> 00:00:32,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and i honestly thought everyone pictured</font>
+
+17
+00:00:31,359 --> 00:00:35,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon this way</font>
+
+18
+00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:36,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">until i asked my co-workers about it if</font>
+
+19
+00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:40,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i were to ask you</font>
+
+20
+00:00:36,160 --> 00:00:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to strike a pose like napoleon bonaparte</font>
+
+21
+00:00:40,079 --> 00:00:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what would you do um</font>
+
+22
+00:00:46,420 --> 00:00:53,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+23
+00:00:54,719 --> 00:01:00,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really is this wrong almost</font>
+
+24
+00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everyone i asked did a sort of variation</font>
+
+25
+00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of a typical hero pose</font>
+
+26
+00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:05,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which makes sense but once you see the</font>
+
+27
+00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shirt thing</font>
+
+28
+00:01:05,519 --> 00:01:11,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can't unsee it oh wow okay</font>
+
+29
+00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:12,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that's a lot more sultry than i knew</font>
+
+30
+00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon</font>
+
+31
+00:01:12,159 --> 00:01:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be yeah what stands out to you about</font>
+
+32
+00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:19,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that i mean definitely like his hand</font>
+
+33
+00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">why is his hand in his shirt what yeah</font>
+
+34
+00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">why does he have his hand in his coat</font>
+
+35
+00:01:23,840 --> 00:01:27,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon bonaparte is one of history's</font>
+
+36
+00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:29,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">most famous figures</font>
+
+37
+00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:30,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his many successful military campaigns</font>
+
+38
+00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:32,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the early 1800s</font>
+
+39
+00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:34,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">expanded the size and influence of</font>
+
+40
+00:01:32,560 --> 00:01:37,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what's known as the first french empire</font>
+
+41
+00:01:34,960 --> 00:01:38,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over which he ruled as emperor napoleon</font>
+
+42
+00:01:37,759 --> 00:01:41,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is remembered as both an</font>
+
+43
+00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:43,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influential military commander and a</font>
+
+44
+00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ruthless power-hungry tyrant</font>
+
+45
+00:01:43,439 --> 00:01:47,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he was depicted in dozens of portraits</font>
+
+46
+00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and painted scenes throughout his life</font>
+
+47
+00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and well beyond his death and an</font>
+
+48
+00:01:49,439 --> 00:01:53,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">overwhelming number of them</font>
+
+49
+00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look just like that book cover napoleon</font>
+
+50
+00:01:53,039 --> 00:01:56,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">standing with his right hand concealed</font>
+
+51
+00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inside his coat</font>
+
+52
+00:01:56,479 --> 00:01:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the more you look at it the weirder it</font>
+
+53
+00:01:58,719 --> 00:02:02,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is</font>
+
+54
+00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:04,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">why why it kind of seems like no matter</font>
+
+55
+00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what napoleon was up to</font>
+
+56
+00:02:04,479 --> 00:02:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gazing at charlemagne's throne rejecting</font>
+
+57
+00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:11,038
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people's ideas crossing the alps riding</font>
+
+58
+00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on a boat retreating from russia or just</font>
+
+59
+00:02:11,038 --> 00:02:15,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hanging at home</font>
+
+60
+00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:17,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that hand was just always jammed right</font>
+
+61
+00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:19,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in there and i really thought everyone i</font>
+
+62
+00:02:17,599 --> 00:02:21,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">asked to do a napoleon impression</font>
+
+63
+00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:23,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would immediately do the hand thing who</font>
+
+64
+00:02:21,680 --> 00:02:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would know that</font>
+
+65
+00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:26,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well actually a few people did isn't he</font>
+
+66
+00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like this and then he's got his like</font>
+
+67
+00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:29,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hand</font>
+
+68
+00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:31,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in his jacket or something the gesture</font>
+
+69
+00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has appeared in caricatures of napoleon</font>
+
+70
+00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:37,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and actors portraying him over the years</font>
+
+71
+00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:39,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch for it in this bowling scene from</font>
+
+72
+00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:41,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bill and ted's excellent adventure</font>
+
+73
+00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:42,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+74
+00:02:41,599 --> 00:02:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see</font>
+
+75
+00:02:42,470 --> 00:02:46,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+76
+00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:48,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people have speculated that napoleon's</font>
+
+77
+00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hidden hand may have been deformed</font>
+
+78
+00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:52,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or that he was relieving chronic stomach</font>
+
+79
+00:02:50,640 --> 00:02:54,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pain caused by cancer</font>
+
+80
+00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:56,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he did eventually die of stomach</font>
+
+81
+00:02:54,319 --> 00:02:57,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cancer but the real reason napoleon was</font>
+
+82
+00:02:56,560 --> 00:03:00,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">always painted like this</font>
+
+83
+00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had nothing to do with organ pain or a</font>
+
+84
+00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:03,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deformity</font>
+
+85
+00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and everything to do with his public</font>
+
+86
+00:03:03,519 --> 00:03:07,949
+<font color="white" size=".72c">image</font>
+
+87
+00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:07,949
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+88
+00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:13,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well it wouldn't be a vox video if we</font>
+
+89
+00:03:09,920 --> 00:03:15,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">didn't roll the clock back</font>
+
+90
+00:03:13,040 --> 00:03:16,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concealing a hand in one's coat was a</font>
+
+91
+00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:18,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">portraiture cliche</font>
+
+92
+00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:20,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">long before napoleon was painted that</font>
+
+93
+00:03:18,319 --> 00:03:22,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">way in the early 1800s</font>
+
+94
+00:03:20,640 --> 00:03:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is george washington doing it in</font>
+
+95
+00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:26,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1776</font>
+
+96
+00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and mozart over a decade before that</font>
+
+97
+00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:29,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this painting of spanish conquistador</font>
+
+98
+00:03:28,640 --> 00:03:32,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">francisco pizarro</font>
+
+99
+00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:34,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is from 1540. the pose's documented</font>
+
+100
+00:03:32,640 --> 00:03:35,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roots go all the way back to ancient</font>
+
+101
+00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:37,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">greece</font>
+
+102
+00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:39,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where famed orator eskinis claimed that</font>
+
+103
+00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:42,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">restricting the movement of one hand</font>
+
+104
+00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:44,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was the proper way to speak in public as</font>
+
+105
+00:03:42,239 --> 00:03:45,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opposed to the more animated gesturing</font>
+
+106
+00:03:44,159 --> 00:03:47,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of his rival</font>
+
+107
+00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:49,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">demosthenes which was apparently</font>
+
+108
+00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:51,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unbecoming</font>
+
+109
+00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that association of restraint as a sign</font>
+
+110
+00:03:51,519 --> 00:03:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of respectability</font>
+
+111
+00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:59,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stuck except the tunics became jackets</font>
+
+112
+00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this 1737 british etiquette guide the</font>
+
+113
+00:03:59,920 --> 00:04:03,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rudiments of genteel behavior</font>
+
+114
+00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:06,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">declared that keeping a hand in one's</font>
+
+115
+00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:08,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">coat was key to posturing oneself</font>
+
+116
+00:04:06,159 --> 00:04:09,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with manly boldness tempered with</font>
+
+117
+00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:11,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">becoming modesty</font>
+
+118
+00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:14,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the gesture became a stock pose in</font>
+
+119
+00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">portraits painted in the mid-1700s</font>
+
+120
+00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:19,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like it was everywhere it was a popular</font>
+
+121
+00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">choice for men</font>
+
+122
+00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:24,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and less frequently women who wanted to</font>
+
+123
+00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:26,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">visually align themselves with nobility</font>
+
+124
+00:04:24,400 --> 00:04:27,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and for less talented portrait artists</font>
+
+125
+00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:29,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">since hands are hard to paint</font>
+
+126
+00:04:27,990 --> 00:04:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+127
+00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:33,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and unsurprisingly as the pose became</font>
+
+128
+00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:36,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more and more common in paintings</font>
+
+129
+00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:38,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its reputation cheapened that is until</font>
+
+130
+00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:39,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of the most powerful people in the</font>
+
+131
+00:04:38,560 --> 00:04:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world</font>
+
+132
+00:04:39,919 --> 00:04:44,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">made it his trademark napoleon was</font>
+
+133
+00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">famous for many things</font>
+
+134
+00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">namely his innovative and successful</font>
+
+135
+00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strategies in warfare</font>
+
+136
+00:04:48,639 --> 00:04:53,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he was obsessed with gaining power at</font>
+
+137
+00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all costs and won battle after battle</font>
+
+138
+00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in what are now called the napoleonic</font>
+
+139
+00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:58,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wars briefly establishing french</font>
+
+140
+00:04:56,880 --> 00:05:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">domination in europe</font>
+
+141
+00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all while fostering a grandiose image</font>
+
+142
+00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:03,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like</font>
+
+143
+00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:05,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">organizing an elaborate coronation</font>
+
+144
+00:05:03,440 --> 00:05:07,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ceremony for himself in 1804</font>
+
+145
+00:05:05,759 --> 00:05:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">immortalized in this state-sanctioned</font>
+
+146
+00:05:07,840 --> 00:05:11,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">painting of the event</font>
+
+147
+00:05:09,440 --> 00:05:13,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but outside of france he was a popular</font>
+
+148
+00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">figure for caricature</font>
+
+149
+00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:17,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and was repeatedly portrayed as a small</font>
+
+150
+00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:19,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man with a hot head</font>
+
+151
+00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:20,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like in this 1803 british political</font>
+
+152
+00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cartoon</font>
+
+153
+00:05:20,479 --> 00:05:24,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maniac ravings or little bony in a</font>
+
+154
+00:05:23,120 --> 00:05:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strong fit</font>
+
+155
+00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is why this famous portrait of</font>
+
+156
+00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon in his study</font>
+
+157
+00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is significant it was done in 1812 by</font>
+
+158
+00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:33,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his official painter</font>
+
+159
+00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:35,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jacques louis david who also made some</font>
+
+160
+00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the period's most recognized</font>
+
+161
+00:05:35,199 --> 00:05:37,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paintings</font>
+
+162
+00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a departure from many previous</font>
+
+163
+00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:41,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">depictions of the conqueror</font>
+
+164
+00:05:39,280 --> 00:05:43,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including some by david himself and</font>
+
+165
+00:05:41,440 --> 00:05:45,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">represents an effective example of</font>
+
+166
+00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">propaganda</font>
+
+167
+00:05:45,280 --> 00:05:48,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are key details here that tell a</font>
+
+168
+00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:50,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">story of a modest</font>
+
+169
+00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:52,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hard-working leader the candles are</font>
+
+170
+00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:54,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">burned all the way down</font>
+
+171
+00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:55,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the clock shows that it's almost 4</font>
+
+172
+00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">15 in the morning</font>
+
+173
+00:05:55,759 --> 00:05:59,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon stands from his desk having</font>
+
+174
+00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:00,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">worked all night completing his</font>
+
+175
+00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">signature legislation</font>
+
+176
+00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:06,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the napoleonic code this map on the</font>
+
+177
+00:06:03,680 --> 00:06:08,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">floor and napoleon's sword at the ready</font>
+
+178
+00:06:06,319 --> 00:06:09,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are reminders of his successes on the</font>
+
+179
+00:06:08,160 --> 00:06:11,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">battlefield</font>
+
+180
+00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:13,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it's the restrained pose with</font>
+
+181
+00:06:11,919 --> 00:06:16,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centuries of context surrounding it</font>
+
+182
+00:06:13,919 --> 00:06:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that stands out crowds of people</font>
+
+183
+00:06:16,639 --> 00:06:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">apparently came to see the painting in</font>
+
+184
+00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:21,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1812</font>
+
+185
+00:06:19,120 --> 00:06:23,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and david himself wrote that the</font>
+
+186
+00:06:21,039 --> 00:06:24,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">portrait's popularity was due to the</font>
+
+187
+00:06:23,039 --> 00:06:25,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exceedingly close resemblance to that</font>
+
+188
+00:06:24,960 --> 00:06:29,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">immortal man</font>
+
+189
+00:06:25,919 --> 00:06:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in that air of benevolence and composure</font>
+
+190
+00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a stark contrast to other contemporary</font>
+
+191
+00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:34,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">images of the ruler</font>
+
+192
+00:06:33,039 --> 00:06:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon didn't actually pose for this</font>
+
+193
+00:06:34,639 --> 00:06:38,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">portrait but he's quoted to have said</font>
+
+194
+00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">upon seeing it</font>
+
+195
+00:06:38,159 --> 00:06:43,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you have understood me my dear david</font>
+
+196
+00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this gesture of modesty and steady</font>
+
+197
+00:06:43,280 --> 00:06:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leadership became a common way to depict</font>
+
+198
+00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">napoleon and stuck with him</font>
+
+199
+00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:53,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well beyond his death in 1821 but the</font>
+
+200
+00:06:49,919 --> 00:06:55,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pose's legacy didn't end with napoleon</font>
+
+201
+00:06:53,599 --> 00:06:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the well-established portrait cliche was</font>
+
+202
+00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also a trend in early portrait</font>
+
+203
+00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">photography</font>
+
+204
+00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:02,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with notable sitters like karl marx and</font>
+
+205
+00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:03,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even the celebrated inventor of</font>
+
+206
+00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">photography himself</font>
+
+207
+00:07:03,759 --> 00:07:08,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">louis aguero adopting the gesture it was</font>
+
+208
+00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also a common appearance in portraits of</font>
+
+209
+00:07:08,319 --> 00:07:10,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soldiers fighting in the american civil</font>
+
+210
+00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">war</font>
+
+211
+00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concealing a hand gave the subject a</font>
+
+212
+00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:16,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distinguished look</font>
+
+213
+00:07:14,319 --> 00:07:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and helped keep them in sharp focus</font>
+
+214
+00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during the long exposure times of early</font>
+
+215
+00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">photography</font>
+
+216
+00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:23,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which often rendered blurred hands</font>
+
+217
+00:07:21,270 --> 00:07:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+218
+00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is this familiar at all to you i mean</font>
+
+219
+00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sort of that's actually not really what</font>
+
+220
+00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i imagined him looking like</font>
+
+221
+00:07:28,639 --> 00:07:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's what napoleon looked like if you</font>
+
+222
+00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">showed me that i wouldn't guess</font>
+
+223
+00:07:32,159 --> 00:07:35,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was napoleon probably because he</font>
+
+224
+00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:36,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doesn't have the hat on it's probably</font>
+
+225
+00:07:35,199 --> 00:07:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty telling that</font>
+
+226
+00:07:36,159 --> 00:07:39,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">almost everyone i asked to do an</font>
+
+227
+00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:41,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">impression of napoleon adopted poses</font>
+
+228
+00:07:39,759 --> 00:07:43,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">based around napoleon's supposedly short</font>
+
+229
+00:07:41,759 --> 00:07:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stature and his vanity</font>
+
+230
+00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is my pose okay napoleon</font>
+
+231
+00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:53,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tiny man proud chest and didn't</font>
+
+232
+00:07:50,159 --> 00:07:56,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recognize david's depiction of napoleon</font>
+
+233
+00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:59,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or this arguably more important one</font>
+
+234
+00:07:56,720 --> 00:08:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at least in my mind</font>
+
+235
+00:07:59,840 --> 00:08:03,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is a photo of charlie chaplin</font>
+
+236
+00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:03,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dressed as napoleon and it features not</font>
+
+237
+00:08:03,440 --> 00:08:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one</font>
+
+238
+00:08:03,919 --> 00:08:08,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but two portraiture cliches the hand and</font>
+
+239
+00:08:07,039 --> 00:08:10,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">waistcoat gesture</font>
+
+240
+00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this wicker chair it's called the</font>
+
+241
+00:08:10,400 --> 00:08:13,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">peacock chair</font>
+
+242
+00:08:11,360 --> 00:08:15,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and like the hand gesture it shows up in</font>
+
+243
+00:08:13,919 --> 00:08:16,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tons of photos</font>
+
+244
+00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's a whole history of how it became</font>
+
+245
+00:08:16,960 --> 00:08:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so popular and lucky for you</font>
+
+246
+00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">estelle already made a video about it</font>
+

subtitle/S6hF2ffyz2c.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+1
+00:00:00,680 --> 00:00:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">agricultural ministers from across the</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">European Union are meeting in Brussels</font>
+
+3
+00:00:04,319 --> 00:00:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">today to discuss their response to</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protest by Farmers across the EU there</font>
+
+5
+00:00:09,120 --> 00:00:14,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have been demonstrations by farming</font>
+
+6
+00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">groups in France Germany Poland Belgium</font>
+
+7
+00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:17,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Spain and in other countries the process</font>
+
+8
+00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:20,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have been triggered by what the farmers</font>
+
+9
+00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:23,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">say are cheap imports from outside the</font>
+
+10
+00:00:20,279 --> 00:00:25,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">EU excessively restrictive environmental</font>
+
+11
+00:00:23,160 --> 00:00:27,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rules and falling incomes while this</font>
+
+12
+00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:29,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">morning farmers are gathering in</font>
+
+13
+00:00:27,679 --> 00:00:31,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brussels ahead of that meeting of EU</font>
+
+14
+00:00:29,599 --> 00:00:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">minister they use their tractors to</font>
+
+15
+00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">block the roads they also appear to have</font>
+
+16
+00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:37,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">piled up tires near the building which</font>
+
+17
+00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:40,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are now on fire so let's just show you</font>
+
+18
+00:00:37,079 --> 00:00:43,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those live shots of those tires you can</font>
+
+19
+00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:46,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see very thick black smoke there uh</font>
+
+20
+00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:48,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blocking those streets with those fires</font>
+
+21
+00:00:46,559 --> 00:00:50,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">still</font>
+
+22
+00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:52,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smoldering well more protests by farmers</font>
+
+23
+00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:54,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are planned today across Spain that's</font>
+
+24
+00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:56,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">across live now to our correspondent guy</font>
+
+25
+00:00:54,920 --> 00:00:58,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hedco who is in Madrid and following</font>
+
+26
+00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:00,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developments guy welcome to you so tell</font>
+
+27
+00:00:58,399 --> 00:01:02,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">us what's planned uh for there in Spain</font>
+
+28
+00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:05,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">today and what the feeling is amongst</font>
+
+29
+00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:05,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those Farmers</font>
+
+30
+00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there well there are uh hundreds of</font>
+
+31
+00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:13,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">farmers who are converging on Madrid</font>
+
+32
+00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:14,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">today many of them driving tractors into</font>
+
+33
+00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the center of the city at the moment</font>
+
+34
+00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:18,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're still on the outskirts uh of</font>
+
+35
+00:01:16,799 --> 00:01:20,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madrid but later in the morning they're</font>
+
+36
+00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:21,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going to be driving into the center of</font>
+
+37
+00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madrid uh they're going to stop off</font>
+
+38
+00:01:21,799 --> 00:01:26,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first of all in at the agriculture</font>
+
+39
+00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:28,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ministry of course the agriculture</font>
+
+40
+00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:30,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Minister Luis panas is in Brussels</font>
+
+41
+00:01:28,759 --> 00:01:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meeting with other min mins today and</font>
+
+42
+00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:36,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then they will move on to the Spanish</font>
+
+43
+00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:38,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">offices of the European Commission</font>
+
+44
+00:01:36,399 --> 00:01:41,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because many of the Grievances of these</font>
+
+45
+00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:44,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">farmers are aimed at the European Union</font>
+
+46
+00:01:41,680 --> 00:01:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this of course is the second such uh</font>
+
+47
+00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:49,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protest in Madrid that we've seen in the</font>
+
+48
+00:01:46,960 --> 00:01:51,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">space of a week uh by Farmers but there</font>
+
+49
+00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have been protests as well ongoing</font>
+
+50
+00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:56,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protests across the country as well yeah</font>
+
+51
+00:01:55,360 --> 00:02:00,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guy we're just looking at those pictures</font>
+
+52
+00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:03,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from B Brussels with those tires on fire</font>
+
+53
+00:02:00,079 --> 00:02:05,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with that meeting today of Agriculture</font>
+
+54
+00:02:03,719 --> 00:02:09,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ministers riot police were seen facing</font>
+
+55
+00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:11,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off with protesters uh very angry and</font>
+
+56
+00:02:09,239 --> 00:02:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they've also used water cannon which is</font>
+
+57
+00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:16,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite unusual isn't it um the strength</font>
+
+58
+00:02:13,920 --> 00:02:18,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of feeling across Europe is is really</font>
+
+59
+00:02:16,800 --> 00:02:22,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strong over this isn't it and they do</font>
+
+60
+00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:22,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appear to be quite United these</font>
+
+61
+00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:28,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Farmers yes they are um and you know</font>
+
+62
+00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:30,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">many of these these European Farmers</font>
+
+63
+00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:32,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they they share the same grievances</font>
+
+64
+00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:35,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um you know there's a lot of talk about</font>
+
+65
+00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:38,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh European Union farming regulations</font>
+
+66
+00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:42,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">being too strict um so what they're</font>
+
+67
+00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:44,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pushing for uh is a more flexibility uh</font>
+
+68
+00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:48,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the European Union uh with regard</font>
+
+69
+00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:49,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example uh with regard to the</font>
+
+70
+00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:51,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">environmental regulations that are</font>
+
+71
+00:02:49,519 --> 00:02:53,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">imposed on farmers and that the farmers</font>
+
+72
+00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">say that they push up costs um those</font>
+
+73
+00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">regulations uh increase red tape and</font>
+
+74
+00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that makes it very difficult for them</font>
+
+75
+00:02:57,920 --> 00:03:02,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just to do their job dayto day because</font>
+
+76
+00:02:59,959 --> 00:03:03,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of drowning in red tape the C costs are</font>
+
+77
+00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:05,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pushed up and it makes them difficult to</font>
+
+78
+00:03:03,879 --> 00:03:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make a profit and have time to do their</font>
+
+79
+00:03:05,959 --> 00:03:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actual job at the same time they want</font>
+
+80
+00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:14,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tougher uh controls on uh products from</font>
+
+81
+00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:16,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outside the European Union which they</font>
+
+82
+00:03:14,239 --> 00:03:18,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">say are undercutting them because</font>
+
+83
+00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:20,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're not subject to the same kinds of</font>
+
+84
+00:03:18,319 --> 00:03:22,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">controls and is there a sense that there</font>
+
+85
+00:03:20,959 --> 00:03:25,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will be movement from ministers over</font>
+
+86
+00:03:22,879 --> 00:03:25,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these issues do you</font>
+
+87
+00:03:26,159 --> 00:03:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think well I mean here in Spain for</font>
+
+88
+00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:34,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">example the the agriculture</font>
+
+89
+00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:36,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Minister Luis planas has presented a</font>
+
+90
+00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:38,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">series of measures to the farmers which</font>
+
+91
+00:03:36,439 --> 00:03:40,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he says he's taking to the European</font>
+
+92
+00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:43,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">commission today and he's going to try</font>
+
+93
+00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:45,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and push for these changes for example</font>
+
+94
+00:03:43,120 --> 00:03:47,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with regard to simplifying some of the</font>
+
+95
+00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bureaucracy but those measures don't</font>
+
+96
+00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:51,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seem to have impressed Spanish farmers</font>
+
+97
+00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:53,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at least now we have seen a couple of</font>
+
+98
+00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:56,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weeks back we saw some concessions</font>
+
+99
+00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">already from Ursula Von Delan uh the the</font>
+
+100
+00:03:56,159 --> 00:04:01,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">European commission president when she</font>
+
+101
+00:03:58,079 --> 00:04:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">announced the withdrawal of plan to uh</font>
+
+102
+00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Slash the use of pesticides in the</font>
+
+103
+00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:07,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">European Union so there have been some</font>
+
+104
+00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:09,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concessions already but the protests</font>
+
+105
+00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:12,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have continued so I think it's going to</font>
+
+106
+00:04:09,879 --> 00:04:15,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">take some really uh strident concrete</font>
+
+107
+00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:18,358
+<font color="white" size=".72c">measures from the ministers today or</font>
+
+108
+00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pushing ahead from today uh to impress</font>
+
+109
+00:04:18,358 --> 00:04:24,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the farmers and diffuse this situation</font>
+
+110
+00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and get them off the streets okay guy in</font>
+
+111
+00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madrid thank you very much well those</font>
+
+112
+00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:31,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really dramatic pictures uh in Brussels</font>
+
+113
+00:04:28,840 --> 00:04:33,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">showing the being there with a line of</font>
+
+114
+00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:36,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">riot police they did deploy water cannon</font>
+
+115
+00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:40,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certainly earlier with those uh you know</font>
+
+116
+00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:42,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scenes of thick black smoke on the</font>
+
+117
+00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:45,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">streets there and those line of tractors</font>
+
+118
+00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:47,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that we can just see with Farmers there</font>
+
+119
+00:04:45,199 --> 00:04:51,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in a standoff so we'll keep an eye on</font>
+
+120
+00:04:47,840 --> 00:04:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the situation uh in Brussels as those uh</font>
+
+121
+00:04:51,880 --> 00:04:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protests continue as agriculture</font>
+
+122
+00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:58,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ministers from across Europe meet to</font>
+
+123
+00:04:56,240 --> 00:05:00,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discuss those grievances by Farmers</font>
+
+124
+00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:04,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right across the continent stay with us</font>
+
+125
+00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:04,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here on BBC News</font>
+

subtitle/S8w44Tl5atk.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1968 @@
+1
+00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shoplifter goldbeard is a six Mana</font>
+
+2
+00:00:01,959 --> 00:00:06,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">legendary minion that says after you</font>
+
+3
+00:00:03,959 --> 00:00:08,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">summon a pirate you summon another copy</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:11,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that attacks a random enemy and then</font>
+
+5
+00:00:08,559 --> 00:00:13,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dies notably this card can hit the</font>
+
+6
+00:00:11,120 --> 00:00:15,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opponent in the face so I wanted to find</font>
+
+7
+00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:18,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the biggest pirate I could possibly play</font>
+
+8
+00:00:15,559 --> 00:00:20,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I found blood sail Raider a 2 minuta</font>
+
+9
+00:00:18,359 --> 00:00:23,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2 three that gains power equal to the</font>
+
+10
+00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attack of your weapon so then I had to</font>
+
+11
+00:00:23,119 --> 00:00:27,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">find the biggest weapon I could play and</font>
+
+12
+00:00:24,519 --> 00:00:29,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decided on spectral cutless it's a</font>
+
+13
+00:00:27,039 --> 00:00:30,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">4-minute 2 two with life steal that</font>
+
+14
+00:00:29,039 --> 00:00:33,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gains plus one dur durability every time</font>
+
+15
+00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we play a card from a different class</font>
+
+16
+00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and because it has basically infinite</font>
+
+17
+00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:39,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">durability it's a really good base for</font>
+
+18
+00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:41,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our min mini weapon Buffs like deadly</font>
+
+19
+00:00:39,559 --> 00:00:43,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">poison so basically we want to get the</font>
+
+20
+00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:45,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cutless up to like 10 power like</font>
+
+21
+00:00:43,559 --> 00:00:47,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goldbeard plus some blood C Raiders</font>
+
+22
+00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:50,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe throw in a shadow stpp or two and</font>
+
+23
+00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deal a ton of damage to the</font>
+
+24
+00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enemy</font>
+
+25
+00:01:03,559 --> 00:01:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">love the weapon love the</font>
+
+26
+00:01:14,799 --> 00:01:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">buff what an interesting card to be</font>
+
+27
+00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:25,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">playing could have gone like coin two</font>
+
+28
+00:01:23,799 --> 00:01:28,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into to two but I think I'd probably</font>
+
+29
+00:01:25,560 --> 00:01:28,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rather coin out the</font>
+
+30
+00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:31,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon</font>
+
+31
+00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:36,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay coin out the weapon and then turn</font>
+
+32
+00:01:34,079 --> 00:01:38,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">four is deadly poison and we can finale</font>
+
+33
+00:01:36,439 --> 00:01:38,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the mic</font>
+
+34
+00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drop</font>
+
+35
+00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:03,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i g Shard is a scary</font>
+
+36
+00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card surely they don't have another one</font>
+
+37
+00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">next turn though</font>
+
+38
+00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:23,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right cool should be able to get a big</font>
+
+39
+00:02:20,519 --> 00:02:23,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hit out of my weapon</font>
+
+40
+00:02:28,840 --> 00:02:33,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here</font>
+
+41
+00:02:30,599 --> 00:02:37,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shiny</font>
+
+42
+00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shin dehydrate is great yeah dehydrate</font>
+
+43
+00:02:37,239 --> 00:02:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is sick here although a bunch of bananas</font>
+
+44
+00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:45,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a lot of weapon</font>
+
+45
+00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:48,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">charges but I've got some Thistle te's</font>
+
+46
+00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:48,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this six4 is really</font>
+
+47
+00:02:53,879 --> 00:03:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scary repackage huh that's kind of</font>
+
+48
+00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">broken isn't it</font>
+
+49
+00:03:09,879 --> 00:03:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">definitely hold Shadow step for blood C</font>
+
+50
+00:03:11,799 --> 00:03:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raider at this</font>
+
+51
+00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">point 7even Health on that my weapon</font>
+
+52
+00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:27,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only does six and that's in the</font>
+
+53
+00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">way</font>
+
+54
+00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:36,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">probably can do better with Sonia than</font>
+
+55
+00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:38,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just a swash</font>
+
+56
+00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:42,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">burglar</font>
+
+57
+00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:43,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ibeam man I am hitting some nasty cards</font>
+
+58
+00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:48,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off these</font>
+
+59
+00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:50,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discovers I could hold an ibeam for</font>
+
+60
+00:03:48,079 --> 00:03:53,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sonia but I'd still have to be able to</font>
+
+61
+00:03:50,079 --> 00:03:53,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Outcast it which is kind of</font>
+
+62
+00:03:54,599 --> 00:04:00,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">awkward is this ibeam even</font>
+
+63
+00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:02,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good the 67 is still annoying I guess</font>
+
+64
+00:04:00,319 --> 00:04:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe I smack here and then hopefully I</font>
+
+65
+00:04:02,799 --> 00:04:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can I beam this plus</font>
+
+66
+00:04:14,480 --> 00:04:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this so this only gives me one three</font>
+
+67
+00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cost minion pretty bad but it is Bored</font>
+
+68
+00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for tests so I guess there's</font>
+
+69
+00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that</font>
+
+70
+00:04:30,520 --> 00:04:34,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I can play repackage here but it doesn't</font>
+
+71
+00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seem like I'll need it and that is an</font>
+
+72
+00:04:34,199 --> 00:04:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">incredibly good</font>
+
+73
+00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:41,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">draw let the bad</font>
+
+74
+00:04:46,159 --> 00:04:50,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lands siphon Soul</font>
+
+75
+00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:58,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">huh what do this card say improved by</font>
+
+76
+00:04:55,639 --> 00:05:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">your hero attack and armor gained this</font>
+
+77
+00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:04,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn so this does not work with weapons</font>
+
+78
+00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:07,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right there's no way mag theodon is good</font>
+
+79
+00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:11,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right just take a siphon</font>
+
+80
+00:05:07,280 --> 00:05:11,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soul am I just sending my weapon face</font>
+
+81
+00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:27,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here I think this makes</font>
+
+82
+00:05:28,639 --> 00:05:31,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sense</font>
+
+83
+00:05:45,759 --> 00:05:49,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">coil</font>
+
+84
+00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:53,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+85
+00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:53,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">H snake is pretty annoying</font>
+
+86
+00:05:54,039 --> 00:06:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">huh no good way to finale</font>
+
+87
+00:05:57,639 --> 00:06:05,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this many options snake does</font>
+
+88
+00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:07,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seven so SEO face for nine put them to</font>
+
+89
+00:06:05,199 --> 00:06:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">19 they're back up to</font>
+
+90
+00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">26 I'd have another nine that puts them</font>
+
+91
+00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:12,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down</font>
+
+92
+00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to</font>
+
+93
+00:06:12,599 --> 00:06:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 and then I have 11 damage</font>
+
+94
+00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:21,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raiders if they're if I play repackage</font>
+
+95
+00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:26,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here and their next turn is like snake</font>
+
+96
+00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brew master it's not that unlikely that</font>
+
+97
+00:06:26,280 --> 00:06:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pirate could be</font>
+
+98
+00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lethal</font>
+
+99
+00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:33,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here</font>
+
+100
+00:06:37,319 --> 00:06:43,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we it's also just nice to not take nine</font>
+
+101
+00:06:40,479 --> 00:06:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">damage and then get killed by</font>
+
+102
+00:06:43,199 --> 00:06:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">snake wor it</font>
+
+103
+00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looks they're leaving the snake in play</font>
+
+104
+00:06:50,039 --> 00:06:55,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">huh another blood cell Raider so next</font>
+
+105
+00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn I can triple</font>
+
+106
+00:06:55,400 --> 00:07:01,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raider am I just playing repackage</font>
+
+107
+00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:04,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here I'm just like so not scared since</font>
+
+108
+00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:07,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're not going to have a snake how</font>
+
+109
+00:07:04,319 --> 00:07:09,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting maybe I'm missing</font>
+
+110
+00:07:07,319 --> 00:07:12,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something I'm scared if I play repackage</font>
+
+111
+00:07:09,879 --> 00:07:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're going to do something</font>
+
+112
+00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:17,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">silly but I guess I actually just have</font>
+
+113
+00:07:14,400 --> 00:07:17,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so much damage next</font>
+
+114
+00:07:19,479 --> 00:07:23,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn like what are they going to do play</font>
+
+115
+00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:25,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the freaking taunt</font>
+
+116
+00:07:23,599 --> 00:07:28,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guy I just smack it and then I can go</font>
+
+117
+00:07:25,879 --> 00:07:32,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">face for</font>
+
+118
+00:07:28,319 --> 00:07:32,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">33 don't don't be snake don't be</font>
+
+119
+00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">snake that's so</font>
+
+120
+00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:45,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">insane oh I still have</font>
+
+121
+00:07:42,039 --> 00:07:45,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lethal well that's a good</font>
+
+122
+00:07:58,440 --> 00:08:01,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">draw</font>
+
+123
+00:08:06,319 --> 00:08:11,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man we just both hit insane top Tex back</font>
+
+124
+00:08:08,400 --> 00:08:11,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to back there</font>
+
+125
+00:08:11,919 --> 00:08:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">huh oh</font>
+
+126
+00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:22,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice</font>
+
+127
+00:08:19,159 --> 00:08:22,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gona</font>
+
+128
+00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">verus get back to work I will carve out</font>
+
+129
+00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">notes with every strike</font>
+
+130
+00:08:33,519 --> 00:08:36,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those don't appear to be my</font>
+
+131
+00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:48,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon hey got a weapon got two weapons</font>
+
+132
+00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:04,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even</font>
+
+133
+00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:04,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you could use a</font>
+
+134
+00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:23,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trim Citadel all right well this game is</font>
+
+135
+00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:25,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just going to come down to whether or</font>
+
+136
+00:09:23,399 --> 00:09:27,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not my opponent also has a four Mana</font>
+
+137
+00:09:25,079 --> 00:09:27,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon</font>
+
+138
+00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:31,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">probably</font>
+
+139
+00:09:33,720 --> 00:09:37,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could use us</font>
+
+140
+00:09:37,519 --> 00:09:43,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">freyle do have the T set for some weapon</font>
+
+141
+00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:43,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">durability coming</font>
+
+142
+00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:58,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">up I can kill this I don't have weapon</font>
+
+143
+00:09:56,480 --> 00:10:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">durability</font>
+
+144
+00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though</font>
+
+145
+00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:06,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's just got to be ar this' gift</font>
+
+146
+00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it's so much weapon</font>
+
+147
+00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:18,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">durability what does this even give dark</font>
+
+148
+00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:20,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transformation howling blast Death</font>
+
+149
+00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:23,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Strike all right transformation sucks</font>
+
+150
+00:10:20,680 --> 00:10:26,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the other two are potentially pretty</font>
+
+151
+00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:26,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">useful can't</font>
+
+152
+00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:31,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hurt</font>
+
+153
+00:10:46,079 --> 00:10:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right cleared their scary minions</font>
+
+154
+00:10:48,680 --> 00:10:55,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm at full health my weapons online</font>
+
+155
+00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:58,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty nice I do have General vzx next</font>
+
+156
+00:10:55,959 --> 00:11:01,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn and it's a pretty good minion to</font>
+
+157
+00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:04,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have inside Tess I would say together we</font>
+
+158
+00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are</font>
+
+159
+00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strong I think I just vac</font>
+
+160
+00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:22,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here Stitch and so just takes way too</font>
+
+161
+00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:22,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much effort to kill so it gets to</font>
+
+162
+00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">live</font>
+
+163
+00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thism of death is filled with sorrow</font>
+
+164
+00:11:35,240 --> 00:11:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">till death do us</font>
+
+165
+00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">part only seven power on my weapon oh</font>
+
+166
+00:11:49,440 --> 00:11:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how much power is that on my weapon</font>
+
+167
+00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:59,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exactly I could choose to invest a bunch</font>
+
+168
+00:11:55,519 --> 00:12:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into durability instead of power but I</font>
+
+169
+00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think power is pretty</font>
+
+170
+00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:27,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good there's no point in not playing</font>
+
+171
+00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:31,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arth this' gift here</font>
+
+172
+00:12:27,959 --> 00:12:34,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right I lose the card I get but I get a</font>
+
+173
+00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:34,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">replacement gift so it's</font>
+
+174
+00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:46,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">finey all right cool big ass</font>
+
+175
+00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon I do have gold beard Shadow up so</font>
+
+176
+00:12:46,639 --> 00:12:51,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I just need a blood Cil Raider to</font>
+
+177
+00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:51,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">potentially have a ton of</font>
+
+178
+00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:57,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">burst</font>
+
+179
+00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:57,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one</font>
+
+180
+00:12:57,399 --> 00:13:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hurt missed card draw</font>
+
+181
+00:13:00,079 --> 00:13:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fool buffoon idiot</font>
+
+182
+00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c"></font>
+
+183
+00:13:12,170 --> 00:13:15,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+184
+00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:21,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">silly so this can get howling blast</font>
+
+185
+00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which doesn't really do that well</font>
+
+186
+00:13:21,560 --> 00:13:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here test picks up four cards or casts</font>
+
+187
+00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">four cards one of them is vzx which is</font>
+
+188
+00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:32,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty decent I guess</font>
+
+189
+00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:34,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but then all the other stuff is just</font>
+
+190
+00:13:32,519 --> 00:13:35,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arthus gift stuff I guess Death Strike</font>
+
+191
+00:13:34,639 --> 00:13:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could hit somewhere</font>
+
+192
+00:13:35,959 --> 00:13:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good is</font>
+
+193
+00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:57,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unclear oh what a great death</font>
+
+194
+00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:01,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strike</font>
+
+195
+00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transforming that actually didn't do</font>
+
+196
+00:14:10,519 --> 00:14:13,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anything did it cuz I could have just</font>
+
+197
+00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">killed it with the</font>
+
+198
+00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:17,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon I should have gone face that was</font>
+
+199
+00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:21,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the whole point of doing that so I could</font>
+
+200
+00:14:17,279 --> 00:14:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hit my opponent for 15 that was dumb my</font>
+
+201
+00:14:21,160 --> 00:14:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opponent should be at 13 and be at risk</font>
+
+202
+00:14:23,519 --> 00:14:26,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of</font>
+
+203
+00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dying well I wouldn't have been able to</font>
+
+204
+00:14:26,639 --> 00:14:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kill them so I guess it was fine</font>
+
+205
+00:14:32,639 --> 00:14:37,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ERS I can't life steal off the Divine</font>
+
+206
+00:14:34,959 --> 00:14:39,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Shield so this is actually pretty</font>
+
+207
+00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:43,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scary probably a world where I Shadow</font>
+
+208
+00:14:39,519 --> 00:14:47,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">step my cite Creation in</font>
+
+209
+00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:48,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">desperation although vck seems good</font>
+
+210
+00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lightning</font>
+
+211
+00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">storm lightning storm is</font>
+
+212
+00:14:58,040 --> 00:15:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sick let the</font>
+
+213
+00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:11,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bad uh manufacturing eror draws three</font>
+
+214
+00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even if they're not discounted that's</font>
+
+215
+00:15:11,399 --> 00:15:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty</font>
+
+216
+00:15:15,890 --> 00:15:19,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+217
+00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:23,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decent</font>
+
+218
+00:15:19,959 --> 00:15:23,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in you could use</font>
+
+219
+00:15:27,959 --> 00:15:32,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a</font>
+
+220
+00:15:30,079 --> 00:15:32,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could use a</font>
+
+221
+00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:51,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trim blood celator is lethal 2/3 of the</font>
+
+222
+00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:51,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time I</font>
+
+223
+00:15:57,120 --> 00:16:00,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think no blood cell</font>
+
+224
+00:16:05,519 --> 00:16:09,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ator ice traps an okay</font>
+
+225
+00:16:11,319 --> 00:16:16,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card</font>
+
+226
+00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:19,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thisfire does this death rattle spread</font>
+
+227
+00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">before I get to cast the final thing of</font>
+
+228
+00:16:19,560 --> 00:16:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">misfire I think it probably</font>
+
+229
+00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:26,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">does let's just take a snake and then</font>
+
+230
+00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're going to play the card draw card</font>
+
+231
+00:16:26,839 --> 00:16:30,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here</font>
+
+232
+00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">instead</font>
+
+233
+00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">freyle all right there's blood</font>
+
+234
+00:16:43,399 --> 00:16:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">celerator oh god well they can't heal</font>
+
+235
+00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here so maybe it's</font>
+
+236
+00:16:53,440 --> 00:17:00,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fine unho symbol of</font>
+
+237
+00:16:57,839 --> 00:17:00,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">death</font>
+
+238
+00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three blood cell rators if any of them</font>
+
+239
+00:17:13,359 --> 00:17:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go face its lethal what shall I</font>
+
+240
+00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do and even if they with they probably</font>
+
+241
+00:17:22,599 --> 00:17:27,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kill like Primus or this 88 or something</font>
+
+242
+00:17:25,240 --> 00:17:30,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+243
+00:17:27,839 --> 00:17:30,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excellent</font>
+
+244
+00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:39,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so I could attack this to increase my</font>
+
+245
+00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:43,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">odds</font>
+
+246
+00:17:39,240 --> 00:17:43,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">freyle I think that makes</font>
+
+247
+00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:57,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sense</font>
+
+248
+00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:57,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on</font>
+
+249
+00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:01,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice priest</font>
+
+250
+00:18:03,159 --> 00:18:09,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">huh well I do have the spectral</font>
+
+251
+00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:11,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cutless maybe the healing from cutless</font>
+
+252
+00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">isn't that good if I'm just getting zeri</font>
+
+253
+00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:15,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and dying from 30 anyway but I think</font>
+
+254
+00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:17,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's actually kind of hard for Zari to</font>
+
+255
+00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:20,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+256
+00:18:17,679 --> 00:18:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">30 so just having the weapon to stay</font>
+
+257
+00:18:20,679 --> 00:18:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">topped off is</font>
+
+258
+00:18:27,760 --> 00:18:31,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice it</font>
+
+259
+00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:45,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looks discover a demon are there any</font>
+
+260
+00:18:42,919 --> 00:18:48,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rogue demons probably not right and</font>
+
+261
+00:18:45,880 --> 00:18:52,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are neutrals so this wouldn't be</font>
+
+262
+00:18:48,080 --> 00:18:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">giving me uh like warlock cards or</font>
+
+263
+00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something probably still nice though</font>
+
+264
+00:18:55,000 --> 00:19:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe it gives me the uh Observer of</font>
+
+265
+00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:03,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mystery</font>
+
+266
+00:19:00,440 --> 00:19:03,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that card is pretty</font>
+
+267
+00:19:10,720 --> 00:19:15,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decent there are some ways I could kill</font>
+
+268
+00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this but spending any of my weapon Buffs</font>
+
+269
+00:19:15,919 --> 00:19:20,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when I have a cutless coming down next</font>
+
+270
+00:19:17,440 --> 00:19:22,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn seems so bad I think I'm just going</font>
+
+271
+00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:22,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to go</font>
+
+272
+00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:30,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">studies oh this is a rogue card</font>
+
+273
+00:19:27,159 --> 00:19:34,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting this tough Crow good in this</font>
+
+274
+00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:34,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">matchup I think I'd rather just have</font>
+
+275
+00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Observer I guess I could have just tough</font>
+
+276
+00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:41,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gred this right here maybe that was the</font>
+
+277
+00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:50,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">play hidden meaning and counter</font>
+
+278
+00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spell uh counter spell is probably not</font>
+
+279
+00:19:50,520 --> 00:19:53,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good in this matchup just to have for</font>
+
+280
+00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one</font>
+
+281
+00:19:53,919 --> 00:19:58,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn but hidden meaning is great there's</font>
+
+282
+00:19:56,559 --> 00:20:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no way they're floating a mana on this</font>
+
+283
+00:19:58,039 --> 00:20:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn</font>
+
+284
+00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:05,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those solves any</font>
+
+285
+00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:16,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+286
+00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:16,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">problem Oh a 44 Rush what an insane</font>
+
+287
+00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:25,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card probably just weapon plus 44 into</font>
+
+288
+00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this</font>
+
+289
+00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:37,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then next</font>
+
+290
+00:20:32,360 --> 00:20:37,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn I can give my weapon seven attack</font>
+
+291
+00:20:39,080 --> 00:20:43,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right although I do only have one</font>
+
+292
+00:20:41,039 --> 00:20:44,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">durability on the weapon so I have to be</font>
+
+293
+00:20:43,039 --> 00:20:48,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">careful about that maybe I should have</font>
+
+294
+00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:48,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even Shadow step the kadite</font>
+
+295
+00:20:57,600 --> 00:21:02,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">creation hate to burn step when I have</font>
+
+296
+00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:04,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">test in hand but she doesn't really do</font>
+
+297
+00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:08,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anything at the moment</font>
+
+298
+00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:08,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+299
+00:21:10,039 --> 00:21:14,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so I guess I'll try to find something</font>
+
+300
+00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:22,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fun I do love card draw I think it's got</font>
+
+301
+00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:22,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to be card</font>
+
+302
+00:21:27,520 --> 00:21:31,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">draw</font>
+
+303
+00:21:29,530 --> 00:21:33,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+304
+00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just play a simple deadly poison here</font>
+
+305
+00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">creation</font>
+
+306
+00:21:38,039 --> 00:21:43,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protocol that's a really good</font>
+
+307
+00:21:40,480 --> 00:21:45,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card what am I hoping to hit with it</font>
+
+308
+00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:48,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could hit a nice valck that could be</font>
+
+309
+00:21:45,559 --> 00:21:50,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty sick maybe a</font>
+
+310
+00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:53,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sonia does seem like my next turn is</font>
+
+311
+00:21:50,440 --> 00:21:55,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">probably just forge protocol and then</font>
+
+312
+00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:55,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pick up a deadly</font>
+
+313
+00:21:57,520 --> 00:22:00,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">poison I've got the dissonant hip hop</font>
+
+314
+00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:04,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but I really want this to be on the</font>
+
+315
+00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:04,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other mode that Buffs my weapon for</font>
+
+316
+00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more deadly Poison's enough to get</font>
+
+317
+00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through</font>
+
+318
+00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:13,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that another Shadow step but I do have</font>
+
+319
+00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goldbeard blood saell Raider so I kind</font>
+
+320
+00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of like holding the shadow step</font>
+
+321
+00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:24,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe another blood cell</font>
+
+322
+00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:27,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raider so turn 10 I could play three</font>
+
+323
+00:22:24,679 --> 00:22:29,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Raiders my weapon is going to have nine</font>
+
+324
+00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">power</font>
+
+325
+00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:33,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a hell of a lot of</font>
+
+326
+00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:35,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">damage but the extra I mean I guess I</font>
+
+327
+00:22:33,679 --> 00:22:37,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could just play a blood cell Raider like</font>
+
+328
+00:22:35,679 --> 00:22:40,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">next turn or whatever that'd be fine</font>
+
+329
+00:22:37,919 --> 00:22:40,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a nice big</font>
+
+330
+00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:47,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">minion could just take Sonia and make my</font>
+
+331
+00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:48,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon so much bigger though maybe</font>
+
+332
+00:22:47,039 --> 00:22:50,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's the</font>
+
+333
+00:22:48,159 --> 00:22:52,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">play but I kind of I really want to play</font>
+
+334
+00:22:50,360 --> 00:22:56,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deadly poison this</font>
+
+335
+00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:56,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn I guess I don't have</font>
+
+336
+00:22:57,440 --> 00:23:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to</font>
+
+337
+00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:18,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so I can buff my weapon real big here</font>
+
+338
+00:23:16,799 --> 00:23:20,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but I don't have another burgled card</font>
+
+339
+00:23:18,799 --> 00:23:22,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but that's going to give me a burgled</font>
+
+340
+00:23:20,039 --> 00:23:22,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card which is</font>
+
+341
+00:23:23,279 --> 00:23:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice how long can you</font>
+
+342
+00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hold</font>
+
+343
+00:23:33,360 --> 00:23:36,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+344
+00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:48,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I guess playing this zero Mana deadly</font>
+
+345
+00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:49,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">poison is technically incorrect since</font>
+
+346
+00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:52,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm not hitting with the weapon here and</font>
+
+347
+00:23:49,559 --> 00:23:52,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they could have</font>
+
+348
+00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:59,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">viper so I can put another five power on</font>
+
+349
+00:23:56,520 --> 00:24:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this weapon get it up to 15</font>
+
+350
+00:23:59,120 --> 00:24:02,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man these blood cell rators are going to</font>
+
+351
+00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:02,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be</font>
+
+352
+00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">swinging the worm is kind of</font>
+
+353
+00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:19,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting wonder if it's just ignis</font>
+
+354
+00:24:16,799 --> 00:24:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fuel or if this is a reeno</font>
+
+355
+00:24:19,799 --> 00:24:25,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dock probably</font>
+
+356
+00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ignis all right well this can give me</font>
+
+357
+00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something so I can actually use my</font>
+
+358
+00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:30,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon</font>
+
+359
+00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here do I want to play Sonia she can</font>
+
+360
+00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:34,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also give me another swash burglar and</font>
+
+361
+00:24:32,360 --> 00:24:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's a lot of durability on my weapon</font>
+
+362
+00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so what's uh what's</font>
+
+363
+00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sonia a gy worm it's expensive</font>
+
+364
+00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though I think the worm is the best card</font>
+
+365
+00:24:47,799 --> 00:24:51,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here dehydrate is</font>
+
+366
+00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:57,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sick I can just play three dehydrates</font>
+
+367
+00:24:57,320 --> 00:25:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right</font>
+
+368
+00:25:16,159 --> 00:25:21,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right that was</font>
+
+369
+00:25:18,360 --> 00:25:23,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great now I have a zero Mana dehydrate</font>
+
+370
+00:25:21,399 --> 00:25:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've got the worm I've got swash burglar</font>
+
+371
+00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:27,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that should be plenty of durability for</font>
+
+372
+00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my</font>
+
+373
+00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon is harder than it</font>
+
+374
+00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:35,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looks hard</font>
+
+375
+00:25:42,960 --> 00:25:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it you're leaving up the one two against</font>
+
+376
+00:25:45,360 --> 00:25:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the</font>
+
+377
+00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:53,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">41 when I can life steal for 10 I don't</font>
+
+378
+00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:57,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know feel like trading there is probably</font>
+
+379
+00:25:53,159 --> 00:26:01,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better uh can gorm this</font>
+
+380
+00:25:57,240 --> 00:26:03,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guy dehydrate plus harmonic hip hop this</font>
+
+381
+00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:05,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guy trade here</font>
+
+382
+00:26:03,279 --> 00:26:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">obviously and then I can sneak in a</font>
+
+383
+00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">swash burglar as</font>
+
+384
+00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well flower child well that's a bad</font>
+
+385
+00:26:16,460 --> 00:26:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+386
+00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:31,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Card wait did I even I guess my and is</font>
+
+387
+00:26:28,799 --> 00:26:31,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going</font>
+
+388
+00:26:32,679 --> 00:26:35,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">face</font>
+
+389
+00:26:47,159 --> 00:26:54,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sure all right well they are very</font>
+
+390
+00:26:52,279 --> 00:26:56,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">possibly going to play three taunts this</font>
+
+391
+00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:58,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn which will make it hard for my</font>
+
+392
+00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon to kill them but I can YOLO some</font>
+
+393
+00:26:58,399 --> 00:27:00,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blood sail Raiders which might get the</font>
+
+394
+00:26:59,960 --> 00:27:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">job</font>
+
+395
+00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:07,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">done or I can just play</font>
+
+396
+00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:09,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Tess Tess casts a bunch of</font>
+
+397
+00:27:07,080 --> 00:27:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dehydrates so she might be pretty good</font>
+
+398
+00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here what is it four dehydrates maybe</font>
+
+399
+00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:19,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">five I don't know she makes a gy</font>
+
+400
+00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:22,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">worm I don't think she makes much of a</font>
+
+401
+00:27:19,559 --> 00:27:22,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board other than</font>
+
+402
+00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:30,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that could try to play this T</font>
+
+403
+00:27:27,159 --> 00:27:30,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first</font>
+
+404
+00:27:30,279 --> 00:27:34,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I mean I guess I can play t and then</font>
+
+405
+00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:36,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also test if it's not</font>
+
+406
+00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good light</font>
+
+407
+00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">show I mean I think it just must be</font>
+
+408
+00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">light</font>
+
+409
+00:27:51,519 --> 00:27:54,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">show</font>
+
+410
+00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we so now test cast double light show</font>
+
+411
+00:27:59,519 --> 00:28:04,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a bunch of dehydrates so hopefully</font>
+
+412
+00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she can deal with a</font>
+
+413
+00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:15,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board that card is pretty big assuming</font>
+
+414
+00:28:12,039 --> 00:28:15,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah makes a six</font>
+
+415
+00:28:18,790 --> 00:28:25,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+416
+00:28:27,120 --> 00:28:30,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cost</font>
+
+417
+00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well that's a dead</font>
+
+418
+00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card right</font>
+
+419
+00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:52,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">protocol oh furnace fuel I did forget</font>
+
+420
+00:28:50,559 --> 00:28:52,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about</font>
+
+421
+00:28:57,039 --> 00:29:01,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that</font>
+
+422
+00:28:59,039 --> 00:29:01,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no my</font>
+
+423
+00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">worm oh they're</font>
+
+424
+00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dead</font>
+
+425
+00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:11,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice good job</font>
+
+426
+00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Tess this ends now we battle endlessly</font>
+
+427
+00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+428
+00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:30,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Glory those don't look like my</font>
+
+429
+00:29:27,039 --> 00:29:30,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon</font>
+
+430
+00:29:51,159 --> 00:29:53,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to</font>
+
+431
+00:29:57,039 --> 00:30:00,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perfection</font>
+
+432
+00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:08,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so thr's gift has lightning storm</font>
+
+433
+00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:12,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now prior preservation can freeze their</font>
+
+434
+00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:12,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon for a turn so I guess that's the</font>
+
+435
+00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:33,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pick</font>
+
+436
+00:30:29,919 --> 00:30:35,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon I think I'm supposed to cryoe</font>
+
+437
+00:30:33,519 --> 00:30:36,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here but I don't know maybe I'm just</font>
+
+438
+00:30:35,399 --> 00:30:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">supposed to get the weapon and play and</font>
+
+439
+00:30:36,679 --> 00:30:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then cryoe to give it durability all is</font>
+
+440
+00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">UNC I'm just going to press</font>
+
+441
+00:30:49,679 --> 00:30:53,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here does projectionist do anything for</font>
+
+442
+00:30:52,559 --> 00:30:56,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my</font>
+
+443
+00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:59,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dock I don't think</font>
+
+444
+00:30:56,039 --> 00:30:59,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so let's just play cult</font>
+
+445
+00:31:03,519 --> 00:31:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fight so next turn is weapon and then</font>
+
+446
+00:31:06,159 --> 00:31:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the turn after that is probably like T</font>
+
+447
+00:31:07,799 --> 00:31:11,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">set plus mik</font>
+
+448
+00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:14,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">drop H at least they had to spend mana</font>
+
+449
+00:31:11,639 --> 00:31:16,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on that it didn't really even Advance</font>
+
+450
+00:31:14,919 --> 00:31:17,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how fast the Window Shopper can come out</font>
+
+451
+00:31:16,639 --> 00:31:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so I don't even know if that was</font>
+
+452
+00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actually</font>
+
+453
+00:31:26,240 --> 00:31:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good all right probably play this along</font>
+
+454
+00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with Mike drop next</font>
+
+455
+00:31:35,039 --> 00:31:38,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn for</font>
+
+456
+00:31:39,799 --> 00:31:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me I'm the perfect toy for</font>
+
+457
+00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you release me I will you</font>
+
+458
+00:31:56,840 --> 00:31:59,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mon</font>
+
+459
+00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I guess I should coin out another deadly</font>
+
+460
+00:32:03,679 --> 00:32:06,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">poison</font>
+
+461
+00:32:09,960 --> 00:32:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here hopefully this isn't the one Demon</font>
+
+462
+00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:16,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hunter well I guess it could be Reno</font>
+
+463
+00:32:14,720 --> 00:32:18,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that would make it somewhat likely they</font>
+
+464
+00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:18,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have rust drop</font>
+
+465
+00:32:25,060 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+466
+00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Viper</font>
+
+467
+00:32:41,159 --> 00:32:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right definitely need to find some</font>
+
+468
+00:32:43,240 --> 00:32:46,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon durability</font>
+
+469
+00:32:47,559 --> 00:32:51,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here I think the snake is quite</font>
+
+470
+00:32:53,159 --> 00:32:59,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good am I playing a t</font>
+
+471
+00:32:56,480 --> 00:33:04,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">set you're waking up</font>
+
+472
+00:32:59,519 --> 00:33:04,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right maybe I just play Blood celerator</font>
+
+473
+00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here behind</font>
+
+474
+00:33:14,799 --> 00:33:18,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you how you like my 10</font>
+
+475
+00:33:21,240 --> 00:33:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three oh well that's</font>
+
+476
+00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:29,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">annoying</font>
+
+477
+00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:39,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is for sure Reno deck</font>
+
+478
+00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right the Raging fell screamer kind of</font>
+
+479
+00:33:39,519 --> 00:33:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gave it away but for sure</font>
+
+480
+00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:50,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now plus three attack on my</font>
+
+481
+00:33:55,960 --> 00:34:03,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weapon I mean after shot is kind of sick</font>
+
+482
+00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:05,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here right so flash of</font>
+
+483
+00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:07,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">light I guess aftershocks is probably</font>
+
+484
+00:34:05,399 --> 00:34:07,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better off</font>
+
+485
+00:34:09,159 --> 00:34:12,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+486
+00:34:26,719 --> 00:34:31,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">t</font>
+
+487
+00:34:29,599 --> 00:34:34,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I just go face I'm at full health what's</font>
+
+488
+00:34:31,639 --> 00:34:34,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a 62 going to do to</font>
+
+489
+00:34:38,159 --> 00:34:42,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me oh God that's a lot of</font>
+
+490
+00:34:55,119 --> 00:35:00,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">damage out of theill wow I almost side</font>
+
+491
+00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:13,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here but instead my opponent</font>
+
+492
+00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:24,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">died</font>
+

subtitle/SB4NLADmT_k.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,3480 @@
+1
+00:00:01,920 --> 00:00:05,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">men's triple jump final</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,439 --> 00:00:06,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the uh officials doing a fabulous job</font>
+
+3
+00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just preparing the pits</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there is the start of the lineup 16</font>
+
+5
+00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">competitors for this triple jump names</font>
+
+6
+00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:15,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to look out for</font>
+
+7
+00:00:13,679 --> 00:00:17,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">include former world champion nelson</font>
+
+8
+00:00:15,519 --> 00:00:19,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everett of portugal</font>
+
+9
+00:00:17,039 --> 00:00:21,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oprah very experienced competitor from</font>
+
+10
+00:00:19,039 --> 00:00:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">romania</font>
+
+11
+00:00:21,039 --> 00:00:24,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar craddock of the usa completes that</font>
+
+12
+00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:27,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lineup</font>
+
+13
+00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dong just before him is say the world</font>
+
+14
+00:00:27,199 --> 00:00:31,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leader this year</font>
+
+15
+00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:33,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we don't have christian taylor and pedro</font>
+
+16
+00:00:31,519 --> 00:00:34,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">piccardo who so lit up last year's</font>
+
+17
+00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:36,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outdoor season</font>
+
+18
+00:00:34,559 --> 00:00:37,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that i suppose makes the event</font>
+
+19
+00:00:36,079 --> 00:00:40,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inspired choice of music</font>
+
+20
+00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:42,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bit of van halen jump great stuff from</font>
+
+21
+00:00:40,719 --> 00:00:43,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the organizers</font>
+
+22
+00:00:42,239 --> 00:00:46,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i was waiting for you to give that a</font>
+
+23
+00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:47,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mention sorry big fella</font>
+
+24
+00:00:46,079 --> 00:00:49,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i know it might not be in your top 10</font>
+
+25
+00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:51,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">favorite tunes of all time but that is a</font>
+
+26
+00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:52,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perfect intro for tonight</font>
+
+27
+00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:54,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we work together</font>
+
+28
+00:00:52,500 --> 00:00:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+29
+00:00:54,559 --> 00:00:59,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so here they come then for the triple</font>
+
+30
+00:00:56,559 --> 00:01:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumps sixteen men rushing out there is</font>
+
+31
+00:00:59,199 --> 00:01:02,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pablo torillos the spanish champion</font>
+
+32
+00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:04,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">european</font>
+
+33
+00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:06,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indoor silver medalist at the triple</font>
+
+34
+00:01:04,159 --> 00:01:08,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump last year when he made a fine</font>
+
+35
+00:01:06,080 --> 00:01:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">breakthrough in the event</font>
+
+36
+00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:12,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then olu olympuque second in the african</font>
+
+37
+00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:14,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">games</font>
+
+38
+00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:15,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he goes for nigeria personal best of</font>
+
+39
+00:01:14,479 --> 00:01:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just under</font>
+
+40
+00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meters which is the start of</font>
+
+41
+00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:21,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world-class triple jumping</font>
+
+42
+00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:23,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nazim babaev one of the up-and-coming</font>
+
+43
+00:01:21,759 --> 00:01:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">youngsters still a junior</font>
+
+44
+00:01:23,439 --> 00:01:28,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the azerbaijani who won the european</font>
+
+45
+00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:28,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">junior title last year</font>
+
+46
+00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:33,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tosinoki very experienced nigerian</font>
+
+47
+00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">competitor started in fact for britain</font>
+
+48
+00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was european junior champion way back in</font>
+
+49
+00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1999.</font>
+
+50
+00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then we have a man who is originally</font>
+
+51
+00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cuban that switched to uh</font>
+
+52
+00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dominica jordanis fourth in the pan ams</font>
+
+53
+00:01:47,439 --> 00:01:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jonathan drak from mauritius probably</font>
+
+54
+00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:53,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their top athlete of the moment</font>
+
+55
+00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">finalist in the world championships last</font>
+
+56
+00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">year</font>
+
+57
+00:01:56,719 --> 00:02:01,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three americans taking part here and</font>
+
+58
+00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:04,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is alphonse jordan</font>
+
+59
+00:02:01,759 --> 00:02:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and nelson ivora from portugal the</font>
+
+60
+00:02:04,079 --> 00:02:10,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">european indoor champion</font>
+
+61
+00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:11,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">former olympic champion back in 2008 he</font>
+
+62
+00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">won that title</font>
+
+63
+00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:15,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">marion a prayer the oldest in the field</font>
+
+64
+00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:16,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the</font>
+
+65
+00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes the oldest in the field very</font>
+
+66
+00:02:16,800 --> 00:02:19,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experienced three times european indoor</font>
+
+67
+00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medalist</font>
+
+68
+00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:22,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">five times a top eight placer in the</font>
+
+69
+00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:24,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world indoors</font>
+
+70
+00:02:22,959 --> 00:02:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roman valliev of kazakhstan has won a</font>
+
+71
+00:02:24,959 --> 00:02:30,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whole host of asian indoor titles in</font>
+
+72
+00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fact no less than six of them</font>
+
+73
+00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:34,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's followed by benjamin compeore</font>
+
+74
+00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">olympic finalist</font>
+
+75
+00:02:34,079 --> 00:02:38,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">european champion two years ago the</font>
+
+76
+00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">frenchman</font>
+
+77
+00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:41,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like two frenchmen in quick order</font>
+
+78
+00:02:40,079 --> 00:02:44,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because here's the other man</font>
+
+79
+00:02:41,599 --> 00:02:45,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">harold correa fifth in the european</font>
+
+80
+00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:50,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indoors</font>
+
+81
+00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:51,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which are held in prague last march</font>
+
+82
+00:02:50,079 --> 00:02:54,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chris bernard third in the u.s</font>
+
+83
+00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:56,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">championships</font>
+
+84
+00:02:54,079 --> 00:02:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man who's got a best of over 17 meters</font>
+
+85
+00:02:56,319 --> 00:03:00,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outdoors</font>
+
+86
+00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then max hess a very talented youngster</font>
+
+87
+00:03:00,319 --> 00:03:04,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first year in senior ranks still 19</font>
+
+88
+00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:08,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years of age world junior</font>
+
+89
+00:03:04,159 --> 00:03:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">silver medalist dongbin of china is the</font>
+
+90
+00:03:08,319 --> 00:03:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world leader this year at nation record</font>
+
+91
+00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1741</font>
+
+92
+00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then the us champion of last year</font>
+
+93
+00:03:18,879 --> 00:03:22,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the iaf</font>
+
+94
+00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:24,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tour winner this year twice the american</font>
+
+95
+00:03:22,959 --> 00:03:26,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">collegiate champion</font>
+
+96
+00:03:24,079 --> 00:03:28,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar craddock making the most of his</font>
+
+97
+00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:32,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">introductions of the crowd</font>
+
+98
+00:03:28,799 --> 00:03:33,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's shy isn't he</font>
+
+99
+00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:35,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah it always helps to be shy and</font>
+
+100
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">retiring in these events there's been a</font>
+
+101
+00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:37,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">few jumpers i mean willie banks was the</font>
+
+102
+00:03:36,799 --> 00:03:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man who started</font>
+
+103
+00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the rhythmic hand clapping down dwight</font>
+
+104
+00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:43,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">phillips used to show off just that</font>
+
+105
+00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:46,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">little bit and democratic is following</font>
+
+106
+00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great footsteps here this is oliver</font>
+
+107
+00:03:46,879 --> 00:03:52,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gokey of nigeria about to go</font>
+
+108
+00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the triple jump</font>
+
+109
+00:03:52,640 --> 00:03:56,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's a first jump of 16 meters 16 by</font>
+
+110
+00:03:55,519 --> 00:04:00,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">todd eos of spain</font>
+
+111
+00:03:56,799 --> 00:04:03,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fairly modest see if the nigerian can</font>
+
+112
+00:04:00,159 --> 00:04:04,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">get rather closer to the sort of marks</font>
+
+113
+00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:05,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that are going to be needed to make the</font>
+
+114
+00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">top eight</font>
+
+115
+00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:09,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh well that's a one he'll want to</font>
+
+116
+00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forget about</font>
+
+117
+00:04:10,319 --> 00:04:14,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jump we switch to that now and we</font>
+
+118
+00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:17,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see tosinoki</font>
+
+119
+00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:20,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the best junk we saw was tori you're 16</font>
+
+120
+00:04:17,759 --> 00:04:22,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">16. so nothing special yet that may have</font>
+
+121
+00:04:20,079 --> 00:04:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had a no jump so here's the very</font>
+
+122
+00:04:22,079 --> 00:04:25,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experience okay</font>
+
+123
+00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:29,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that's good that's much the best jump</font>
+
+124
+00:04:27,840 --> 00:04:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we've seen as it gets uh</font>
+
+125
+00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:32,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">closer towards the 17 meter area i think</font>
+
+126
+00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:43,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're going to need</font>
+
+127
+00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meter jumps to take medals here</font>
+
+128
+00:04:43,759 --> 00:04:47,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who switched the nationality from</font>
+
+129
+00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">britain he was a little bit</font>
+
+130
+00:04:47,199 --> 00:04:52,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh behind the likes of jonathan edwards</font>
+
+131
+00:04:49,840 --> 00:04:54,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and phillips edu hits the boards</font>
+
+132
+00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pretty much perfectly six centimeters to</font>
+
+133
+00:04:54,560 --> 00:04:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spare</font>
+
+134
+00:04:55,360 --> 00:05:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a good opener for him at 16 meters</font>
+
+135
+00:04:57,680 --> 00:05:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">73</font>
+
+136
+00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jordan of the us well he hasn't done</font>
+
+137
+00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much this indoor season so it'd be</font>
+
+138
+00:05:07,600 --> 00:05:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interesting to see whether he can</font>
+
+139
+00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:12,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">respond to the</font>
+
+140
+00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:14,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">invitation that he's received to make up</font>
+
+141
+00:05:12,639 --> 00:05:16,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the numbers in this field</font>
+
+142
+00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:18,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the qualifying standard by the iaf was</font>
+
+143
+00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really a ridiculous level</font>
+
+144
+00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:22,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">probably and didn't get many people so</font>
+
+145
+00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:25,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they went down and invited the next</font>
+
+146
+00:05:22,840 --> 00:05:28,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">athletes</font>
+
+147
+00:05:25,759 --> 00:05:28,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here goes jordan</font>
+
+148
+00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:38,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and what 16 20 maybe</font>
+
+149
+00:05:33,840 --> 00:05:40,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's about what he's done this year</font>
+
+150
+00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the two best americans we've yet to</font>
+
+151
+00:05:40,639 --> 00:05:43,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see chris bennard and</font>
+
+152
+00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:45,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar credit oh we saw quite a lot of</font>
+
+153
+00:05:43,919 --> 00:05:48,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar craddock and the introduction</font>
+
+154
+00:05:45,919 --> 00:05:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and uh he certainly is one of the</font>
+
+155
+00:05:48,159 --> 00:05:51,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contenders for a medal let's see how he</font>
+
+156
+00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lives up to that</font>
+
+157
+00:05:51,039 --> 00:05:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">16-11 here given for jordan</font>
+
+158
+00:05:59,759 --> 00:06:06,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">arianna four times in the top eight in</font>
+
+159
+00:06:03,680 --> 00:06:08,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world indoor championships</font>
+
+160
+00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:09,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and maintaining good consistent form</font>
+
+161
+00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:11,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">year after year but not a very good</font>
+
+162
+00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opener for him he won't be</font>
+
+163
+00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:14,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">very pleased with that only just over 16</font>
+
+164
+00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:16,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meters</font>
+
+165
+00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:20,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um since you're with us before no big</font>
+
+166
+00:06:16,479 --> 00:06:23,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump still okie well in the lead at 1673</font>
+
+167
+00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:27,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from charios jordan did 1611 or prayer</font>
+
+168
+00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:29,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there oh well that's one of the reasons</font>
+
+169
+00:06:27,600 --> 00:06:33,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a little bit less</font>
+
+170
+00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:36,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behind the board and it's come out at</font>
+
+171
+00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:36,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">16.05</font>
+
+172
+00:06:42,319 --> 00:06:46,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now compe or a frenchman who's got a</font>
+
+173
+00:06:44,639 --> 00:06:49,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personal best of</font>
+
+174
+00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:51,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meters 48 when he was um</font>
+
+175
+00:06:49,759 --> 00:06:53,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">buying for the top ranking in the world</font>
+
+176
+00:06:51,440 --> 00:06:55,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a couple of years ago</font>
+
+177
+00:06:53,199 --> 00:06:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sensational event last summer of course</font>
+
+178
+00:06:55,440 --> 00:06:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with uh</font>
+
+179
+00:06:56,240 --> 00:07:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taylor and pichardo</font>
+
+180
+00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they aren't here so every chance for the</font>
+
+181
+00:07:01,520 --> 00:07:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">likes of campayore to star</font>
+
+182
+00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:08,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good speed down the runway hits that</font>
+
+183
+00:07:07,280 --> 00:07:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board very well indeed</font>
+
+184
+00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that's an excellent jump that looks</font>
+
+185
+00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:19,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like it may well take the lead from oak</font>
+
+186
+00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:19,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is 1673 to a fine start by the frenchman</font>
+
+187
+00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:23,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compiori who's sixth four years ago in</font>
+
+188
+00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these world indoor championships</font>
+
+189
+00:07:23,759 --> 00:07:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also sixth in the olympics that year and</font>
+
+190
+00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he was the european champion</font>
+
+191
+00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:31,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outdoors in 2014</font>
+
+192
+00:07:33,479 --> 00:07:39,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1677 yes four centimeters ahead of</font>
+
+193
+00:07:37,039 --> 00:07:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tosinoki</font>
+
+194
+00:07:39,199 --> 00:07:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">second american we've seen in action</font>
+
+195
+00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here chris bennard of the us</font>
+
+196
+00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:52,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's see whether he can get up to those</font>
+
+197
+00:07:49,759 --> 00:07:52,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh</font>
+
+198
+00:07:52,639 --> 00:07:55,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well no he can't it was not the</font>
+
+199
+00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:58,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lackluster</font>
+
+200
+00:07:55,680 --> 00:08:01,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump it seemed to me thanking the crowd</font>
+
+201
+00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it was only just over 16 meters</font>
+
+202
+00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it didn't really generate enough speed</font>
+
+203
+00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:26,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah 1614 for bernard well now here's a</font>
+
+204
+00:08:23,680 --> 00:08:29,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chance to see the world leader in action</font>
+
+205
+00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the triple jump</font>
+
+206
+00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:35,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dongbin of china 27 years of age the</font>
+
+207
+00:08:33,838 --> 00:08:38,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">asian record</font>
+
+208
+00:08:35,279 --> 00:08:40,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">set this year 1741</font>
+
+209
+00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:42,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">second in the asian games which is the</font>
+
+210
+00:08:40,719 --> 00:08:44,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">big four yearly test for asian athletes</font>
+
+211
+00:08:42,799 --> 00:08:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that was a couple of years ago</font>
+
+212
+00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:52,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2014 so 17 meters must be his target</font>
+
+213
+00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:54,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here he goes with his first round jump</font>
+
+214
+00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excellent speed down the runway</font>
+
+215
+00:08:54,959 --> 00:08:58,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh very good indeed look at that</font>
+
+216
+00:08:57,839 --> 00:09:01,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beautiful technique</font>
+
+217
+00:08:58,959 --> 00:09:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seem to flow and then we remember of</font>
+
+218
+00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:05,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">course the way jonathan edwards flowed</font>
+
+219
+00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down the triple jump runway</font>
+
+220
+00:09:05,279 --> 00:09:11,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and dong is a man of that sort of ilk</font>
+
+221
+00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:14,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not a pounder but look at this superb</font>
+
+222
+00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">very straight lovely leg shoot at the</font>
+
+223
+00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:18,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">end finish there and that is as good a</font>
+
+224
+00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump as we've seen clearly</font>
+
+225
+00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not only in terms of the distance but in</font>
+
+226
+00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:23,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">terms of the technique as well and there</font>
+
+227
+00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:25,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is 1718</font>
+
+228
+00:09:23,839 --> 00:09:28,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the early lead in the competition</font>
+
+229
+00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and um well i'd be very surprised if</font>
+
+230
+00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that wasn't good enough to secure a</font>
+
+231
+00:09:29,279 --> 00:09:32,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medal</font>
+
+232
+00:09:30,399 --> 00:09:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he was miles behind the board as</font>
+
+233
+00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:35,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well</font>
+
+234
+00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:36,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but this is a man who can obviously</font>
+
+235
+00:09:35,519 --> 00:09:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">challenge that</font>
+
+236
+00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:40,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he came in in dramatic fashion he's got</font>
+
+237
+00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:42,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the dark glasses on it's very hot and</font>
+
+238
+00:09:40,959 --> 00:09:44,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sunny here obviously</font>
+
+239
+00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it's omar craddock of the us of</font>
+
+240
+00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">course who has that big</font>
+
+241
+00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:51,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personal best outdoors at 1753</font>
+
+242
+00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:53,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just under 17 meters this year quite a</font>
+
+243
+00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:54,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">character obviously</font>
+
+244
+00:09:53,200 --> 00:10:05,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he's looking for the crowd support</font>
+
+245
+00:09:54,720 --> 00:10:05,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which they're readily able to give him</font>
+
+246
+00:10:06,959 --> 00:10:13,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tremendous noise here in the stadium</font>
+
+247
+00:10:09,010 --> 00:10:13,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+248
+00:10:13,680 --> 00:10:18,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now can he deliver the big jump powerful</font>
+
+249
+00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man</font>
+
+250
+00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:22,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that does ever is a good jumper he's</font>
+
+251
+00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not as far as dong obviously</font>
+
+252
+00:10:22,430 --> 00:10:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+253
+00:10:23,839 --> 00:10:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he doesn't entirely like it or does he i</font>
+
+254
+00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:30,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't know</font>
+
+255
+00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:32,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's enjoying life obviously as we look</font>
+
+256
+00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:34,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now into the second round of the triple</font>
+
+257
+00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:37,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump this is the youngster from</font>
+
+258
+00:10:34,640 --> 00:10:40,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">azerbaijan the european junior champion</font>
+
+259
+00:10:37,680 --> 00:10:40,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">major young talent</font>
+
+260
+00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well decent jump but uh not quite with</font>
+
+261
+00:10:47,279 --> 00:10:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that extra zip</font>
+
+262
+00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so the situation in the triple jump is</font>
+
+263
+00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:59,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that uh</font>
+
+264
+00:10:54,240 --> 00:11:01,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dong leads at 17 18 from compiore 1677</font>
+
+265
+00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:05,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and oaky who will be up next</font>
+
+266
+00:11:01,079 --> 00:11:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1673. babe over there moving up though</font>
+
+267
+00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:15,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with a 1636 in fifth place</font>
+
+268
+00:11:08,560 --> 00:11:15,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this is okie</font>
+
+269
+00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:29,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just waiting looking back but it's a</font>
+
+270
+00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:32,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white flag raised no problem so we</font>
+
+271
+00:11:29,680 --> 00:11:32,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have improved slightly</font>
+
+272
+00:11:35,279 --> 00:11:40,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see how much petery runs on the edge of</font>
+
+273
+00:11:38,399 --> 00:11:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the run-up he actually took off on the</font>
+
+274
+00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:43,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white part of the</font>
+
+275
+00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:45,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tape there he did it on his first jump</font>
+
+276
+00:11:43,120 --> 00:11:49,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as well did okie really veers towards</font>
+
+277
+00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:50,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his left in terms of the takeoff runway</font>
+
+278
+00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:52,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is our next triple jumper this is</font>
+
+279
+00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jonathan drak</font>
+
+280
+00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from mauritius based in france</font>
+
+281
+00:12:09,519 --> 00:12:14,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mauritius record hold up 1667 this</font>
+
+282
+00:12:12,399 --> 00:12:14,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">winter</font>
+
+283
+00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:19,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh no well he got all wrong and he knew</font>
+
+284
+00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he'd fouled obviously and</font>
+
+285
+00:12:19,360 --> 00:12:23,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">aborted the jump later on red flag</font>
+
+286
+00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">raised</font>
+
+287
+00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well this is the treatment for craddock</font>
+
+288
+00:12:28,079 --> 00:12:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">already with that strapping on</font>
+
+289
+00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:39,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it'll be interesting to see if and</font>
+
+290
+00:12:33,519 --> 00:12:39,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when he takes his next jump</font>
+
+291
+00:12:41,519 --> 00:12:47,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">big title at stake here but surely half</font>
+
+292
+00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">half his thoughts have got to be on the</font>
+
+293
+00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:51,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fact that this is an olympic year</font>
+
+294
+00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a massive hamstring tear at this</font>
+
+295
+00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:57,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stage of the spring would be a disaster</font>
+
+296
+00:12:55,040 --> 00:12:58,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">discretion is the better part of valor</font>
+
+297
+00:12:57,440 --> 00:12:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or maybe not from an athlete's</font>
+
+298
+00:12:58,639 --> 00:13:01,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perspective catherine</font>
+
+299
+00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:03,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well it depends doesn't it he's fourth</font>
+
+300
+00:13:01,279 --> 00:13:05,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at the moment 1658 he needs to be</font>
+
+301
+00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comfortably in or in that top eight to</font>
+
+302
+00:13:05,519 --> 00:13:08,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">get three</font>
+
+303
+00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:10,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more jumps like peter says if you you</font>
+
+304
+00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:10,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">don't know how bad it is he may play</font>
+
+305
+00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smart</font>
+
+306
+00:13:10,959 --> 00:13:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and therefore monitor to see if he needs</font>
+
+307
+00:13:13,920 --> 00:13:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more jumps to stay in that top eight</font>
+
+308
+00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:20,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">position to get more if that makes sense</font>
+
+309
+00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:22,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or if you're using trouble like big time</font>
+
+310
+00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then you don't risk it in olympic year</font>
+
+311
+00:13:22,639 --> 00:13:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but</font>
+
+312
+00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everybody's different</font>
+
+313
+00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well fairly modest jumping by jordan</font>
+
+314
+00:13:30,560 --> 00:13:32,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who's</font>
+
+315
+00:13:31,040 --> 00:13:35,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a little bit fortunate to be here i</font>
+
+316
+00:13:32,720 --> 00:13:38,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think she hasn't done anything this uh</font>
+
+317
+00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:40,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indoor season and no jump 16th in the</font>
+
+318
+00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:42,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">long jump in the u.s championships</font>
+
+319
+00:13:40,560 --> 00:13:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so he didn't qualify being in the first</font>
+
+320
+00:13:42,560 --> 00:13:46,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two but he qualified by be having a</font>
+
+321
+00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:49,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decent performance</font>
+
+322
+00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:49,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to his credit last summer</font>
+
+323
+00:13:57,199 --> 00:14:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nelson ever had a no jump to start with</font>
+
+324
+00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:06,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certainly a man that uh we would look to</font>
+
+325
+00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when it comes to medal contenders</font>
+
+326
+00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:09,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vast experience and a little time out uh</font>
+
+327
+00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from injury</font>
+
+328
+00:14:09,839 --> 00:14:16,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a decent summer last year</font>
+
+329
+00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:20,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at uh his best was the national record</font>
+
+330
+00:14:16,079 --> 00:14:24,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indoors back in 2008 1733</font>
+
+331
+00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:27,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and uh his outdoor best well he's 1774.</font>
+
+332
+00:14:24,320 --> 00:14:28,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again that was back in 2007 long</font>
+
+333
+00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:32,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pedigree at the event</font>
+
+334
+00:14:28,959 --> 00:14:33,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evra of portugal long pedigree 31 years</font>
+
+335
+00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:39,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of age</font>
+
+336
+00:14:33,290 --> 00:14:41,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+337
+00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:43,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only hits the board well there and</font>
+
+338
+00:14:41,519 --> 00:14:44,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's a good one that's taking him up</font>
+
+339
+00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into the</font>
+
+340
+00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">top three spots i suspect</font>
+
+341
+00:14:48,959 --> 00:14:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay lying uh third at 16.73 that's a</font>
+
+342
+00:14:53,360 --> 00:14:55,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">target i think</font>
+
+343
+00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we might find that evaro has passed</font>
+
+344
+00:14:55,839 --> 00:15:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we'll see</font>
+
+345
+00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">couldn't be better than that</font>
+
+346
+00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:07,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no it's not quite as far still it's up</font>
+
+347
+00:15:05,519 --> 00:15:08,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there in contention he's moved ahead of</font>
+
+348
+00:15:07,199 --> 00:15:13,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit now</font>
+
+349
+00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:13,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into fourth place with 1666.</font>
+
+350
+00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well from one experience competitor the</font>
+
+351
+00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:30,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other most experienced competitor in the</font>
+
+352
+00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">field that's uh mariano prayer</font>
+
+353
+00:15:30,079 --> 00:15:37,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the romanian who's 33.</font>
+
+354
+00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:41,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">olympic silver medalist from athens 2004</font>
+
+355
+00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:41,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world bronze in 2008.</font>
+
+356
+00:15:46,959 --> 00:15:51,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well he's not uh finding his stop form</font>
+
+357
+00:15:49,519 --> 00:15:55,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">started with 1605 and i don't think</font>
+
+358
+00:15:51,279 --> 00:15:55,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's much better</font>
+
+359
+00:16:01,759 --> 00:16:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distance is uh automatically measured by</font>
+
+360
+00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:08,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exciting devices</font>
+
+361
+00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:11,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they very quickly rake turn that</font>
+
+362
+00:16:08,639 --> 00:16:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over to get the smooth surface</font>
+
+363
+00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roman valley up next in the triple jump</font>
+
+364
+00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:18,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">after a no jump</font>
+
+365
+00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to start he's done uh</font>
+
+366
+00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:23,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meters exactly indoors last year</font>
+
+367
+00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of the top competitors from</font>
+
+368
+00:16:23,759 --> 00:16:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kazakhstan the central asian republic</font>
+
+369
+00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good spring with disappointment there</font>
+
+370
+00:16:31,839 --> 00:16:34,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's been in much better form than that</font>
+
+371
+00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this year</font>
+
+372
+00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when the asian indoor championships</font>
+
+373
+00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:51,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's almost half a meter</font>
+
+374
+00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well it was only 1554 but even if he had</font>
+
+375
+00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:01,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had that half meter would still only be</font>
+
+376
+00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:05,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around 16. so</font>
+
+377
+00:17:01,519 --> 00:17:05,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh yes he hasn't found it yet</font>
+
+378
+00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:11,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but just taking his top off there</font>
+
+379
+00:17:08,319 --> 00:17:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">benjamin campayore who will be</font>
+
+380
+00:17:11,439 --> 00:17:14,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that is the other benjamin taking</font>
+
+381
+00:17:13,199 --> 00:17:15,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stop off can't be already already done</font>
+
+382
+00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:17,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so but</font>
+
+383
+00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:18,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's the man in second place at 1677.</font>
+
+384
+00:17:17,919 --> 00:17:22,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the european</font>
+
+385
+00:17:18,799 --> 00:17:22,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outdoor champion two years ago</font>
+
+386
+00:17:28,319 --> 00:17:33,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grandpa round two of the triple jump</font>
+
+387
+00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again he just missed it on the take off</font>
+
+388
+00:17:38,559 --> 00:17:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+389
+00:17:39,520 --> 00:17:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ran through we're coming towards the</font>
+
+390
+00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">end of the second round of the triple</font>
+
+391
+00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump top</font>
+
+392
+00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:51,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eight will have further jumps after the</font>
+
+393
+00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:52,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first three</font>
+
+394
+00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:54,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's four and five and then we'll have</font>
+
+395
+00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:57,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the top four</font>
+
+396
+00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the showcase finish to each of the</font>
+
+397
+00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jumps that's</font>
+
+398
+00:17:58,720 --> 00:18:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">each of the field events and that's how</font>
+
+399
+00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's working out from one frenchman to</font>
+
+400
+00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:08,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">another harold correia will be next</font>
+
+401
+00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">open with 1612 that's putting him in</font>
+
+402
+00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tenth place</font>
+
+403
+00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i wonder if tam goes watching somewhere</font>
+
+404
+00:18:15,039 --> 00:18:19,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in france</font>
+
+405
+00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:19,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i think he probably is</font>
+
+406
+00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:25,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes i hope he's back in full fitness for</font>
+
+407
+00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:26,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the summer because he's a prodigious</font>
+
+408
+00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:27,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">talent</font>
+
+409
+00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:31,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be lovely to see him up against the</font>
+
+410
+00:18:27,919 --> 00:18:31,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">likes of taylor and richardo</font>
+
+411
+00:18:32,160 --> 00:18:34,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">round two</font>
+
+412
+00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:46,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looks like an improvement for the french</font>
+
+413
+00:18:41,679 --> 00:18:46,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">number two after 1612 opener</font>
+
+414
+00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chris bernard after correa's jump was 16</font>
+
+415
+00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:59,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">30.</font>
+
+416
+00:18:56,160 --> 00:19:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well nice uh spring and so on there for</font>
+
+417
+00:18:59,679 --> 00:19:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bernard but it doesn't count</font>
+
+418
+00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:11,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because he was no jumping</font>
+
+419
+00:19:04,720 --> 00:19:11,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by a fair margin it would seem</font>
+
+420
+00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:23,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">since this men's triple jump started for</font>
+
+421
+00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the last five minutes he's come off the</font>
+
+422
+00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:27,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">track he's spoke to his coach</font>
+
+423
+00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:29,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's gone back over and he hasn't much</font>
+
+424
+00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taken his hands off his left hamstring</font>
+
+425
+00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's just been doing some slumped</font>
+
+426
+00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nerve stretches that the athletes do to</font>
+
+427
+00:19:34,799 --> 00:19:38,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">try and free up a problem</font>
+
+428
+00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:39,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it looks like he's going to continue</font>
+
+429
+00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:41,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the competition and wait and see if</font>
+
+430
+00:19:39,919 --> 00:19:43,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he can get in that top eight</font>
+
+431
+00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maybe he's got one more jumping in and</font>
+
+432
+00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's what he's hoping for</font>
+
+433
+00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:49,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i just don't know why you'd risk that in</font>
+
+434
+00:19:46,799 --> 00:19:50,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an olympic year</font>
+
+435
+00:19:49,039 --> 00:19:52,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">depends what the injury is if it's a</font>
+
+436
+00:19:50,559 --> 00:19:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nerve base injury rather than a</font>
+
+437
+00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:56,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">muscle-based injury less chance well</font>
+
+438
+00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:59,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we will see if he takes his jump but</font>
+
+439
+00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:59,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hess is on the runway</font>
+
+440
+00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:04,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">somewhere around 16 30 for the young</font>
+
+441
+00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:06,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">german</font>
+
+442
+00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who competes with both long jump and</font>
+
+443
+00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jump</font>
+
+444
+00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's had his greatest success at uh</font>
+
+445
+00:20:12,159 --> 00:20:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">truffle jump but he's well over eight</font>
+
+446
+00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meters in the long as well</font>
+
+447
+00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:29,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">second round of the triple dong leading</font>
+
+448
+00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite clearly at the moment</font>
+
+449
+00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meters 18 leading by some 40</font>
+
+450
+00:20:32,159 --> 00:20:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centimeters</font>
+
+451
+00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:38,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the asian record hold up streaming down</font>
+
+452
+00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the triple jump very impressive in round</font>
+
+453
+00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one hits the ball</font>
+
+454
+00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay not as far this time just didn't</font>
+
+455
+00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite have the magic</font>
+
+456
+00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but he doesn't need to at the moment</font>
+
+457
+00:20:44,640 --> 00:20:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's got a very big lead</font>
+
+458
+00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now that's the penultimate jump of this</font>
+
+459
+00:20:55,360 --> 00:20:58,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">round</font>
+
+460
+00:20:56,240 --> 00:21:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well could be the penultimate jump</font>
+
+461
+00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:03,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because credit would be</font>
+
+462
+00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:04,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the last jumper and is he going to take</font>
+
+463
+00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:06,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it</font>
+
+464
+00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:08,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the answer looks as if he is catherine</font>
+
+465
+00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mary on credit watch</font>
+
+466
+00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">see him down there tracksuit off and the</font>
+
+467
+00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:16,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cap comes off last</font>
+
+468
+00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:18,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's going for of jumping in it</font>
+
+469
+00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:19,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's like i say peter it it depends what</font>
+
+470
+00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:22,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the injury is isn't it if</font>
+
+471
+00:21:19,919 --> 00:21:23,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if it's if it's nerve based and trapner</font>
+
+472
+00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:25,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">based with the</font>
+
+473
+00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:26,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">exercises he was trying to do it's</font>
+
+474
+00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:27,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">different than if it's a muscle-based</font>
+
+475
+00:21:26,799 --> 00:21:28,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">problem</font>
+
+476
+00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:30,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which would potentially be more</font>
+
+477
+00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:32,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">susceptible for long-term damage so as</font>
+
+478
+00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:34,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we don't know what the problem is</font>
+
+479
+00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we're just delighted to see him coming</font>
+
+480
+00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:38,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out and continuing</font>
+
+481
+00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:40,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yep let's hope it's okay for him he's</font>
+
+482
+00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just been telling himself what to do</font>
+
+483
+00:21:40,520 --> 00:21:49,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1658 in fifth place from the first round</font>
+
+484
+00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:52,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man who's jumped over well 1753 outdoors</font>
+
+485
+00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:54,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plenty of potential plenty of support</font>
+
+486
+00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:54,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's what he wants</font>
+
+487
+00:21:55,039 --> 00:22:02,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar credit round two of the triple jump</font>
+
+488
+00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hamstring problem he's in fifth place</font>
+
+489
+00:22:02,170 --> 00:22:12,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+490
+00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:14,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well that's a fine jump but he was well</font>
+
+491
+00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:15,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behind the board</font>
+
+492
+00:22:14,159 --> 00:22:18,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plenty of speed down the runway</font>
+
+493
+00:22:15,760 --> 00:22:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">certainly is he limping a little bit</font>
+
+494
+00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:22,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah but it doesn't well i don't know</font>
+
+495
+00:22:21,120 --> 00:22:25,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's sort of one of those isn't it that</font>
+
+496
+00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:28,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's got a problem but not drastic</font>
+
+497
+00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:28,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but he doesn't need to hit that board</font>
+
+498
+00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:33,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes he left a lot of distance between</font>
+
+499
+00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">himself</font>
+
+500
+00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:37,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the plaster scene he he's definitely</font>
+
+501
+00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:39,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got a problem</font>
+
+502
+00:22:37,120 --> 00:22:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is just making me nervous on his</font>
+
+503
+00:22:39,039 --> 00:22:45,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behalf in an olympic year</font>
+
+504
+00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:47,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1633 is his jump so that didn't help at</font>
+
+505
+00:22:45,679 --> 00:22:47,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all</font>
+
+506
+00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:52,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ever in the triple jump we're now into</font>
+
+507
+00:22:51,360 --> 00:22:56,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the third round</font>
+
+508
+00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">coming towards the end of that</font>
+
+509
+00:22:56,080 --> 00:23:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therefore the best so far of 1666</font>
+
+510
+00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:03,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so another good jump there he's</font>
+
+511
+00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:07,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consistent uh not quite the</font>
+
+512
+00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:10,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meter form he's lying in fourth place</font>
+
+513
+00:23:07,159 --> 00:23:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1666 in round two and this looks pretty</font>
+
+514
+00:23:10,159 --> 00:23:13,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">close to that</font>
+
+515
+00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we've still got way ahead of the rest of</font>
+
+516
+00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the field</font>
+
+517
+00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dong with his opening 17-18</font>
+
+518
+00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compariori 1677 ok 1673 not much has</font>
+
+519
+00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:28,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">changed there</font>
+
+520
+00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but he needs to get that board</font>
+
+521
+00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:32,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">22 centimeters to spare there 1663</font>
+
+522
+00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stays in fourth</font>
+
+523
+00:23:32,370 --> 00:23:38,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+524
+00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:39,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compiori in the triple jump round three</font>
+
+525
+00:23:38,320 --> 00:23:42,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now</font>
+
+526
+00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:44,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with dong leading compleory in second</font>
+
+527
+00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:47,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place 1677.</font>
+
+528
+00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:50,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that's a 17 meter jump compe already</font>
+
+529
+00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:51,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not as far as dong of course but he's uh</font>
+
+530
+00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:53,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's got a little bit of a</font>
+
+531
+00:23:51,279 --> 00:23:54,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">niggle maybe there but anyway fine jump</font>
+
+532
+00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here</font>
+
+533
+00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:58,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hit that board perfectly smooth</font>
+
+534
+00:23:56,480 --> 00:24:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">technique a lot of power</font>
+
+535
+00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comes through to consolidate his second</font>
+
+536
+00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:06,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place the</font>
+
+537
+00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:09,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taking himself away from o'keep</font>
+
+538
+00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:11,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay who's 1673 remains the third best</font>
+
+539
+00:24:09,279 --> 00:24:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he did a no jump in this round and</font>
+
+540
+00:24:11,120 --> 00:24:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compiori's 17 meters</font>
+
+541
+00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a season's best dongbin he's the</font>
+
+542
+00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">trouble jump now here he goes in round</font>
+
+543
+00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three leading with that uh</font>
+
+544
+00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">opening jump of 17-18</font>
+
+545
+00:24:25,679 --> 00:24:30,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh again that's lovely it's so smooth</font>
+
+546
+00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:31,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he's gone yet further i think</font>
+
+547
+00:24:30,080 --> 00:24:33,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">came here as the world leader and he's</font>
+
+548
+00:24:31,919 --> 00:24:37,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">showing us just why he likes it</font>
+
+549
+00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:38,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's seen how far it was let's just take</font>
+
+550
+00:24:37,360 --> 00:24:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a look again</font>
+
+551
+00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:42,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beautifully smooth good leg shoot way he</font>
+
+552
+00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:45,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">comes</font>
+
+553
+00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:47,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he's the class of this event i think</font>
+
+554
+00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:48,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">compilers got closer with 17 meters but</font>
+
+555
+00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:51,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now dong's</font>
+
+556
+00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:53,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stretching further away with 17 29 the</font>
+
+557
+00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:56,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">best triple so far</font>
+
+558
+00:24:53,120 --> 00:24:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and now we start the fourth round of the</font>
+
+559
+00:24:56,559 --> 00:24:59,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jump they're jumping in reverse</font>
+
+560
+00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:03,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order for the top eight</font>
+
+561
+00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and in eighth place is this man max hess</font>
+
+562
+00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:08,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the youngster from germany a lot of</font>
+
+563
+00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:08,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">potential</font>
+
+564
+00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh a lot of potential he's just</font>
+
+565
+00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:17,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">realizing it that</font>
+
+566
+00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:20,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a terrific jump by the young german</font>
+
+567
+00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:22,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he was eight 16 37 he's moving himself</font>
+
+568
+00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:23,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well up i think this is going to take</font>
+
+569
+00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:25,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">second place</font>
+
+570
+00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:26,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kopiori's and 17 meters but this is</font>
+
+571
+00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:29,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">better</font>
+
+572
+00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:31,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dong's still leading of course at 17 29</font>
+
+573
+00:25:29,679 --> 00:25:34,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but what a jump by hess producing it</font>
+
+574
+00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when it really matters</font>
+
+575
+00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:38,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's been known as a huge talent and</font>
+
+576
+00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:42,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's just showing why</font>
+
+577
+00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:43,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's so regarded 17 14 personal best and</font>
+
+578
+00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:45,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">almost out of nowhere</font>
+
+579
+00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:48,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">came that big jump after three modest</font>
+
+580
+00:25:45,679 --> 00:25:50,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumps to start with</font>
+
+581
+00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:51,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now they're no mark radic he passed the</font>
+
+582
+00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:52,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fourth round thought he might do a</font>
+
+583
+00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:55,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passing</font>
+
+584
+00:25:52,799 --> 00:25:57,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so but he's made the top eight okay but</font>
+
+585
+00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he has that hamstring problem</font>
+
+586
+00:25:57,679 --> 00:26:01,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so let's see how credit can overcome</font>
+
+587
+00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:04,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that he's in sixth place</font>
+
+588
+00:26:01,660 --> 00:26:04,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+589
+00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's in a better that's better in</font>
+
+590
+00:26:07,360 --> 00:26:11,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">every way he's</font>
+
+591
+00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">closer on the board and he is still</font>
+
+592
+00:26:11,919 --> 00:26:14,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">troubled obviously by that hamstring</font>
+
+593
+00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is taped there</font>
+
+594
+00:26:14,799 --> 00:26:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but he was able to produce a pretty</font>
+
+595
+00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:19,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decent jump</font>
+
+596
+00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:22,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not enough to take him into a medal</font>
+
+597
+00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:24,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">position though i don't think that's</font>
+
+598
+00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:28,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">still</font>
+
+599
+00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:30,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">campoyori at 17 meters of course you</font>
+
+600
+00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:33,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know okay back now at 1673.</font>
+
+601
+00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">craddock opened at 1658 no improvement</font>
+
+602
+00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:37,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">though</font>
+
+603
+00:26:33,919 --> 00:26:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1652 so he's struggling now then the</font>
+
+604
+00:26:37,840 --> 00:26:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jump leader</font>
+
+605
+00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">finishes round four here don for china</font>
+
+606
+00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:50,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hess has got closer compiori is third</font>
+
+607
+00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:53,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here's dong very good speed</font>
+
+608
+00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">terrific spring another fine jump not as</font>
+
+609
+00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:57,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">far as his leading jump but a 17 meter</font>
+
+610
+00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:59,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump again</font>
+
+611
+00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:01,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's showing a fine demonstration of</font>
+
+612
+00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:07,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jumping here</font>
+
+613
+00:27:01,039 --> 00:27:07,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the convention center in portland</font>
+
+614
+00:27:13,360 --> 00:27:16,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just perfect really hitting that board</font>
+
+615
+00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:20,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nicely good technique</font>
+
+616
+00:27:16,960 --> 00:27:21,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">throughout competition well not quite 17</font>
+
+617
+00:27:20,559 --> 00:27:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but near enough</font>
+
+618
+00:27:21,600 --> 00:27:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's the best series</font>
+
+619
+00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:32,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just making his way up a little bit in</font>
+
+620
+00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the competition with that 1643</font>
+
+621
+00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the previous round</font>
+
+622
+00:27:42,399 --> 00:27:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and probably a further improvement</font>
+
+623
+00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:06,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh</font>
+
+624
+00:28:03,399 --> 00:28:09,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1641 just two centimeters shy</font>
+
+625
+00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:11,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of his previous effort a fairly</font>
+
+626
+00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:17,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consistent series though</font>
+
+627
+00:28:11,279 --> 00:28:19,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the man from azerbaijan</font>
+
+628
+00:28:17,740 --> 00:28:21,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+629
+00:28:19,600 --> 00:28:22,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this is the new star of the triple</font>
+
+630
+00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:26,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump</font>
+
+631
+00:28:22,799 --> 00:28:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh another massive jump wow</font>
+
+632
+00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:34,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">day of days for max hess of germany</font>
+
+633
+00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:36,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three modest jumps and then two really</font>
+
+634
+00:28:34,159 --> 00:28:40,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">super ones but</font>
+
+635
+00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the red flag but it was a very very</font>
+
+636
+00:28:40,399 --> 00:28:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">long way</font>
+
+637
+00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:47,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's still in second place with one jump</font>
+
+638
+00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:47,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to come 17-14</font>
+
+639
+00:28:50,399 --> 00:28:54,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that was reminiscent of rojas who won</font>
+
+640
+00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:58,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the women's triple jump she had some</font>
+
+641
+00:28:54,640 --> 00:29:01,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">massive no jumps</font>
+
+642
+00:28:58,559 --> 00:29:03,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she was in the lead he needs to get that</font>
+
+643
+00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lead which is uh the chinese man is</font>
+
+644
+00:29:03,039 --> 00:29:06,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ahead of him</font>
+
+645
+00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:07,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going over to talk to his coach just at</font>
+
+646
+00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the moment</font>
+
+647
+00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:12,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">congratulations because he really is in</font>
+
+648
+00:29:09,440 --> 00:29:13,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">superb form torreos of spain is in</font>
+
+649
+00:29:12,159 --> 00:29:16,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seventh place</font>
+
+650
+00:29:13,050 --> 00:29:16,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+651
+00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well that's his best yep white flag</font>
+
+652
+00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:23,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">raised</font>
+
+653
+00:29:21,279 --> 00:29:24,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's been consistent before then up to a</font>
+
+654
+00:29:23,279 --> 00:29:28,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">best of</font>
+
+655
+00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:29,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1651 in that seventh place</font>
+
+656
+00:29:28,399 --> 00:29:31,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">let's see how this one measured up</font>
+
+657
+00:29:29,919 --> 00:29:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">against that</font>
+
+658
+00:29:31,919 --> 00:29:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just over to the side of the runway</font>
+
+659
+00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there</font>
+
+660
+00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1667 he's moved up a place up into six</font>
+
+661
+00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:46,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meanwhile omar craddock is keeping going</font>
+
+662
+00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this triple jump despite that</font>
+
+663
+00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:49,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hamstring injury</font>
+
+664
+00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:51,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's moved back down a place after</font>
+
+665
+00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">toriyos has moved ahead of him</font>
+
+666
+00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:56,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so 1658 his opener remains his best</font>
+
+667
+00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:59,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's had treatment on the hamstring</font>
+
+668
+00:29:56,150 --> 00:29:59,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+669
+00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but he now needs to get over 17 meters</font>
+
+670
+00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if he's going to challenge for a medal</font>
+
+671
+00:30:06,399 --> 00:30:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omar credit 1753 is personal best</font>
+
+672
+00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:12,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">outdoors</font>
+
+673
+00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">speeding down that runway always behind</font>
+
+674
+00:30:12,399 --> 00:30:16,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the board again</font>
+
+675
+00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:19,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that's a super long jump</font>
+
+676
+00:30:16,030 --> 00:30:20,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+677
+00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:23,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but it's still what could have been i</font>
+
+678
+00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:25,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">think it'd be fascinating to see</font>
+
+679
+00:30:23,279 --> 00:30:26,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just how far behind he was because from</font>
+
+680
+00:30:25,279 --> 00:30:28,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">why i'm looking</font>
+
+681
+00:30:26,399 --> 00:30:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i think he's the showman all right but</font>
+
+682
+00:30:28,399 --> 00:30:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was a terrific jump</font>
+
+683
+00:30:32,960 --> 00:30:37,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now let's just see well i couldn't tell</font>
+
+684
+00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:38,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">too clearly there but</font>
+
+685
+00:30:37,039 --> 00:30:40,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i think he had a fair bit to spare i'm</font>
+
+686
+00:30:38,960 --> 00:30:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not even sure his foot was on the</font>
+
+687
+00:30:40,799 --> 00:30:45,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back end of the board well it didn't</font>
+
+688
+00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look from the sideways on that</font>
+
+689
+00:30:45,039 --> 00:30:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we are in fact the triple jump here</font>
+
+690
+00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:50,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you're right</font>
+
+691
+00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:51,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there it is and that's costing him</font>
+
+692
+00:30:50,159 --> 00:30:54,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dearly 27</font>
+
+693
+00:30:51,760 --> 00:30:55,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a half centimeters from a jump</font>
+
+694
+00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:59,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's measured at</font>
+
+695
+00:30:55,480 --> 00:31:01,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1687. do the maths what could have been</font>
+
+696
+00:30:59,279 --> 00:31:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1687 on his fifth jump</font>
+
+697
+00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:05,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well quite quite a response to a</font>
+
+698
+00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:08,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hamstring problem</font>
+
+699
+00:31:05,039 --> 00:31:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here's evidence 1689. he lies</font>
+
+700
+00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:14,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fourth place just two centimeters</font>
+
+701
+00:31:11,679 --> 00:31:16,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ahead of credit jumping in reverse order</font>
+
+702
+00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:18,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of their standings after the first three</font>
+
+703
+00:31:16,840 --> 00:31:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rounds</font>
+
+704
+00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here goes everett very consistent a man</font>
+
+705
+00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:23,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who can produce his best in the last</font>
+
+706
+00:31:22,960 --> 00:31:25,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rounds</font>
+
+707
+00:31:23,519 --> 00:31:27,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hits that ball spot on and goes out long</font>
+
+708
+00:31:25,919 --> 00:31:32,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">way</font>
+
+709
+00:31:27,679 --> 00:31:33,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's triple jumps surely warming up</font>
+
+710
+00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:35,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he threw a little bit of sand down in</font>
+
+711
+00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">frustration but i think this may be his</font>
+
+712
+00:31:35,679 --> 00:31:39,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">best</font>
+
+713
+00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:41,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the competition</font>
+
+714
+00:31:39,279 --> 00:31:43,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">round five remember the first four will</font>
+
+715
+00:31:41,279 --> 00:31:45,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go on so afraid</font>
+
+716
+00:31:43,039 --> 00:31:46,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have seen the last of craddock who</font>
+
+717
+00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:48,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can't be better than</font>
+
+718
+00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:48,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fifth</font>
+
+719
+00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:58,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ever is in that top four and indeed</font>
+
+720
+00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only okay can deny him that he'll be the</font>
+
+721
+00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">next jumper</font>
+
+722
+00:32:02,480 --> 00:32:11,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's 1689. the equaling his best</font>
+
+723
+00:32:06,559 --> 00:32:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two 1689 jumps in rounds four and five</font>
+
+724
+00:32:11,440 --> 00:32:15,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so sinoki then</font>
+
+725
+00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:23,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">i don't think that's going to be quite</font>
+
+726
+00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enough good jump for o'keefe might be</font>
+
+727
+00:32:23,679 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his best</font>
+
+728
+00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but ever is fourth at 1689.</font>
+
+729
+00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">almost into the side of there</font>
+
+730
+00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">very well over to the left-hand side</font>
+
+731
+00:32:43,440 --> 00:32:46,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doesn't quite know whether he's done it</font>
+
+732
+00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:49,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but i don't think he has we'll see</font>
+
+733
+00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:52,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soon benjamin compeyore now in third</font>
+
+734
+00:32:49,919 --> 00:32:55,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place in the triple jump with 17 meters</font>
+
+735
+00:32:52,399 --> 00:32:58,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">behind dong at 6 1729 and hess</font>
+
+736
+00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:58,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at 17 14.</font>
+
+737
+00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:05,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">european outdoor champion the frenchman</font>
+
+738
+00:33:03,919 --> 00:33:07,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">speeding down the runway now hits that</font>
+
+739
+00:33:05,519 --> 00:33:10,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">board spot on</font>
+
+740
+00:33:07,039 --> 00:33:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh it's a good jump again a very good</font>
+
+741
+00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:12,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump</font>
+
+742
+00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:14,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the distance he's got to look out for</font>
+
+743
+00:33:12,559 --> 00:33:17,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hess is second place at 17</font>
+
+744
+00:33:14,399 --> 00:33:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">14. he's already</font>
+
+745
+00:33:17,519 --> 00:33:25,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">achieved a season's best with that</font>
+
+746
+00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:25,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17-meter jump</font>
+
+747
+00:33:30,399 --> 00:33:35,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">left of course as the top four will go</font>
+
+748
+00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:37,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on there we are 1704 not enough though</font>
+
+749
+00:33:35,519 --> 00:33:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to move him up in the middle of</font>
+
+750
+00:33:37,679 --> 00:33:40,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">standings</font>
+
+751
+00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:47,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">now in the triple jump it's the leader</font>
+
+752
+00:33:44,799 --> 00:33:48,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dong the fifth jump of the competition</font>
+
+753
+00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:51,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for him</font>
+
+754
+00:33:48,320 --> 00:33:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leading at 17 29 magnificent series of</font>
+
+755
+00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:54,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumps</font>
+
+756
+00:33:54,399 --> 00:33:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it's another really good effort from</font>
+
+757
+00:33:57,519 --> 00:34:02,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the chinese athlete he really is in</font>
+
+758
+00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:05,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">superb form here</font>
+
+759
+00:34:02,399 --> 00:34:08,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's delighted there's one round to go</font>
+
+760
+00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:10,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the top men but dong looks like the</font>
+
+761
+00:34:08,159 --> 00:34:12,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">potential gold medalist here as he has</font>
+
+762
+00:34:10,639 --> 00:34:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right throughout the competition just</font>
+
+763
+00:34:12,159 --> 00:34:17,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">waiting for the distance to</font>
+
+764
+00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:19,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come up now from dong who leads at 17 29</font>
+
+765
+00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:21,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">led from the start at 17 18 and it's</font>
+
+766
+00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">further</font>
+
+767
+00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:24,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">perfect on the board as he has been</font>
+
+768
+00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:29,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">almost throughout</font>
+
+769
+00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:33,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this jump the best of the day</font>
+
+770
+00:34:29,040 --> 00:34:34,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just waiting to get confirmation of that</font>
+
+771
+00:34:33,119 --> 00:34:35,969
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and gentlemen how are distance enjoying</font>
+
+772
+00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:39,987
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the triple jump right now</font>
+
+773
+00:34:35,969 --> 00:34:39,987
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+774
+00:34:40,199 --> 00:34:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1733 for dong</font>
+
+775
+00:34:43,040 --> 00:34:48,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">terrific series now then in the triple</font>
+
+776
+00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:52,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump this is the young max hess who's</font>
+
+777
+00:34:48,879 --> 00:34:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh really excelled here with that 17-14</font>
+
+778
+00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:55,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a longer jump still in the fifth</font>
+
+779
+00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">round</font>
+
+780
+00:34:55,679 --> 00:34:59,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so let's see whether he can produce</font>
+
+781
+00:34:58,240 --> 00:35:03,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something special</font>
+
+782
+00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:03,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in this final round there are the top</font>
+
+783
+00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">four</font>
+
+784
+00:35:03,839 --> 00:35:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're jumping in the order of course</font>
+
+785
+00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:10,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're in the competition</font>
+
+786
+00:35:07,920 --> 00:35:12,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fact they haven't changed it into the</font>
+
+787
+00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:12,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">order after five as i thought they were</font>
+
+788
+00:35:12,079 --> 00:35:14,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">going to</font>
+
+789
+00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:16,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but they're still throwing in the order</font>
+
+790
+00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:19,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that they were after three</font>
+
+791
+00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:21,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which means hess goes first hess lying</font>
+
+792
+00:35:19,119 --> 00:35:23,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in second place at the moment</font>
+
+793
+00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:29,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on 17-14</font>
+
+794
+00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:32,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+795
+00:35:29,599 --> 00:35:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great spring great gusto it's another 17</font>
+
+796
+00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meters</font>
+
+797
+00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:37,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what a time to produce your top form he</font>
+
+798
+00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:38,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was a world junior silver medalist in</font>
+
+799
+00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:40,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2015</font>
+
+800
+00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you know personal best coming in here at</font>
+
+801
+00:35:40,640 --> 00:35:43,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 meters</font>
+
+802
+00:35:41,920 --> 00:35:47,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he's been jumping well over that a</font>
+
+803
+00:35:43,839 --> 00:35:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great display from a super young talent</font>
+
+804
+00:35:47,599 --> 00:35:52,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">super spring there well not quite to be</font>
+
+805
+00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:54,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but 1714</font>
+
+806
+00:35:52,079 --> 00:35:56,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is on the scoreboard so he matches his</font>
+
+807
+00:35:54,720 --> 00:35:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">best</font>
+
+808
+00:35:56,160 --> 00:36:00,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but we are now in the crucial stage of</font>
+
+809
+00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the triple jump and there's just two</font>
+
+810
+00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:03,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumps left in the competition nelson</font>
+
+811
+00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:05,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everett has just had a</font>
+
+812
+00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:07,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no jump so he remains out of the medals</font>
+
+813
+00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in fourth at 1689</font>
+
+814
+00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and this is compelli in third place at</font>
+
+815
+00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1704 from the previous round</font>
+
+816
+00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:15,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">needs to find another 10 centimeters to</font>
+
+817
+00:36:14,720 --> 00:36:18,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">max</font>
+
+818
+00:36:15,510 --> 00:36:18,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+819
+00:36:19,359 --> 00:36:22,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well has he done it it's another fine</font>
+
+820
+00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:25,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jump</font>
+
+821
+00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not sure it's quite enough he's produced</font>
+
+822
+00:36:25,359 --> 00:36:28,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a couple of 17 meters jump 17 meters in</font>
+
+823
+00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">round three</font>
+
+824
+00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:33,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1704 in round five season's best on both</font>
+
+825
+00:36:32,240 --> 00:36:35,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">occasion</font>
+
+826
+00:36:33,520 --> 00:36:41,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but max hess has produced a couple of</font>
+
+827
+00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:44,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumps at 17 14. i think compiori knows</font>
+
+828
+00:36:41,359 --> 00:36:46,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he hasn't perhaps done quite enough</font>
+
+829
+00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:48,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's just one jump to come by the man we</font>
+
+830
+00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:50,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">know has won the competition</font>
+
+831
+00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:52,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and there it is 1709 it's his best of</font>
+
+832
+00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:52,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the day terrific jumping from the</font>
+
+833
+00:36:52,079 --> 00:36:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">frenchman</font>
+
+834
+00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:59,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he takes the bronze medal 1709</font>
+
+835
+00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:02,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and we're just left with don till to go</font>
+
+836
+00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:04,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the man who's on the runway now</font>
+
+837
+00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:05,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he leads this competition he's won this</font>
+
+838
+00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:08,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">competition</font>
+
+839
+00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:09,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the three best jumps of the day indeed</font>
+
+840
+00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:13,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 18</font>
+
+841
+00:37:09,359 --> 00:37:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">17 29 17 33 this is the man who's world</font>
+
+842
+00:37:13,200 --> 00:37:17,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leader</font>
+
+843
+00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:19,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at 17 meters 41.</font>
+
+844
+00:37:17,599 --> 00:37:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he well it's got a lovely smile on his</font>
+
+845
+00:37:19,599 --> 00:37:22,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">face as well he might</font>
+
+846
+00:37:20,800 --> 00:37:24,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great display of triple jumping he's</font>
+
+847
+00:37:22,720 --> 00:37:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">given us here here he comes</font>
+
+848
+00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smoothly and fast down the runway hits</font>
+
+849
+00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:30,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that board no it was over</font>
+
+850
+00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">red flag raised bit of an anti-climax</font>
+
+851
+00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the end he won't care at all about that</font>
+
+852
+00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:39,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">china's gold medal to dongbin in the</font>
+
+853
+00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:42,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">triple jump dong takes the gold medal</font>
+
+854
+00:37:39,839 --> 00:37:51,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hess takes the silver compeyore takes</font>
+
+855
+00:37:42,880 --> 00:37:55,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bronze</font>
+
+856
+00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:57,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what a series of jumps by bin dong</font>
+
+857
+00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:58,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's got such speed on the runway as</font>
+
+858
+00:37:57,520 --> 00:37:59,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well</font>
+
+859
+00:37:58,320 --> 00:38:02,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he must have a pretty good hundred meter</font>
+
+860
+00:37:59,920 --> 00:38:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flat pb he could well have if he tried</font>
+
+861
+00:38:02,560 --> 00:38:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that but uh the only chinese</font>
+
+862
+00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:08,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">man to winner chinese male to win a gold</font>
+
+863
+00:38:06,720 --> 00:38:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">medal at the indoors previously is</font>
+
+864
+00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:13,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yushang in the hurdles the triple jump</font>
+
+865
+00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:16,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the gold medal went to dongbin</font>
+
+866
+00:38:13,760 --> 00:38:18,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of china at 1733. the silver massive</font>
+
+867
+00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:20,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">personal best for max hess of germany at</font>
+
+868
+00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:22,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1714</font>
+
+869
+00:38:20,079 --> 00:38:28,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the bronze to benjamin campaign of</font>
+
+870
+00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:28,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">france at 1709.</font>
+

subtitle/TGom0uiW130.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,3533 @@
+1
+00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] In 1903,</font>
+
+2
+00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:18,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Wright brothers made
+the world's first motorized flight,</font>
+
+3
+00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kick-starting the age of aviation.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Or did they?</font>
+
+5
+00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:26,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't know that we really
+have photographic proof</font>
+
+6
+00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:30,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the airplane flying in 1903.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:33,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] When I found out
+that the Wright brothers' story</font>
+
+8
+00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is really nothing more
+than a myth, I was upset.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:38,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I didn't like people lying to me.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:43,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Australian aviation expert
+and historical researcher John Brown</font>
+
+11
+00:00:43,719 --> 00:00:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is on a quest to reassess
+aviation's most coveted prize.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:47,679 --> 00:00:51,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There's now solid evidence
+that not the Wright brothers</font>
+
+13
+00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:52,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but Gustave Whitehead</font>
+
+14
+00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was the first person
+to fly a powered aeroplane.</font>
+
+15
+00:00:55,320 --> 00:00:58,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Could German inventor
+Gustave Whitehead</font>
+
+16
+00:00:58,719 --> 00:01:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be the true contender for the crown?</font>
+
+17
+00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:03,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a claim that has outraged many...</font>
+
+18
+00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:07,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There is no evidence that I buy</font>
+
+19
+00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to suggest that he ever left the ground.</font>
+
+20
+00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:13,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] ...including
+the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Orville] Whitehead did not possess
+sufficient mechanical skill</font>
+
+22
+00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:19,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to build a successful motor,
+he had delusions.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:19,120 --> 00:01:20,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Release!</font>
+
+24
+00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Was Gustave Whitehead
+a deluded fantasist</font>
+
+25
+00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or a genius discredited
+by his rivals?</font>
+
+26
+00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:32,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I know he flew.
+It flew so easily for me.</font>
+
+27
+00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Did the Wright brothers
+deceive the world?</font>
+
+28
+00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Was history fixed by a special arrangement</font>
+
+29
+00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with America's greatest
+scientific institution?</font>
+
+30
+00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:47,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This contract dictates what version
+of history the museum is allowed to state.</font>
+
+31
+00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:51,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] If the price of telling the truth
+is losing the Wright Flyer,</font>
+
+32
+00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:53,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to me, a museum tells the truth.</font>
+
+33
+00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The Wright brothers
+or Gustave Whitehead?</font>
+
+34
+00:01:58,479 --> 00:02:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Who really kick-started
+the age of aviation?</font>
+
+35
+00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flight.</font>
+
+36
+00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:17,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of humanity's
+greatest achievements.</font>
+
+37
+00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:26,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's celebrated here in Washington, DC,
+at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum.</font>
+
+38
+00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Center stage is the plane
+that started it all.</font>
+
+39
+00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Wright brother's Flyer from 1903,
+long considered a national treasure.</font>
+
+40
+00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But is everything really as it seems?</font>
+
+41
+00:02:47,599 --> 00:02:51,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 2011, an Australian aviation expert</font>
+
+42
+00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">began research
+into the early history of flight.</font>
+
+43
+00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">John Brown came across evidence</font>
+
+44
+00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:00,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that challenged the Wright brothers'
+version of history.</font>
+
+45
+00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:05,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sensational pictures
+from the dawn of aviation...</font>
+
+46
+00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">showing a motorized plane
+from the year 1901.</font>
+
+47
+00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:17,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As a pilot and aircraft builder,
+the first impression I had</font>
+
+48
+00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:20,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was... everything's in the right place.</font>
+
+49
+00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:22,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This plane can fly.</font>
+
+50
+00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:28,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The plane was built
+by the German aviator Gustave Whitehead,</font>
+
+51
+00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:33,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but who was this man
+and did his plane actually fly?</font>
+
+52
+00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The rumor was
+that he'd flown as early as 1901,</font>
+
+53
+00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two years before the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+54
+00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:46,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So why isn't this plane also honored
+by the Smithsonian?</font>
+
+55
+00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In Munich, where he works as
+a specialist in aeroplane design,</font>
+
+56
+00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">John Brown set out to uncover the truth.</font>
+
+57
+00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:01,719
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] The first thing I did
+was I searched the Internet archives</font>
+
+58
+00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that have newly become available and
+came up with several hundred articles</font>
+
+59
+00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:09,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that nobody had known about,
+about Gustave Whitehead.</font>
+
+60
+00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:14,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] It was the beginning
+of Brown's five-year investigation</font>
+
+61
+00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:17,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into Gustave Whitehead's flights,</font>
+
+62
+00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:20,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">taking him to museums,
+airfields, and archives</font>
+
+63
+00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:22,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on both sides of the Atlantic,</font>
+
+64
+00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:26,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">revealing crucial new sources
+from five continents.</font>
+
+65
+00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:33,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brown wanted to know,
+had one of the world's greatest inventors</font>
+
+66
+00:04:33,159 --> 00:04:35,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">been deliberately erased from history?</font>
+
+67
+00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As he continued to dig,
+he soon became immersed</font>
+
+68
+00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:45,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in a bitter dispute spanning
+more than 80 years</font>
+
+69
+00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over one of the greatest
+honors in history...</font>
+
+70
+00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:51,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world's first powered flight.</font>
+
+71
+00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:57,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the 1930s,
+several aviators were competing</font>
+
+72
+00:04:57,399 --> 00:05:00,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the coveted first flight crown.</font>
+
+73
+00:05:00,839 --> 00:05:04,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The most fervent contender was
+Orville Wright,</font>
+
+74
+00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:06,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who claimed that he
+and his late brother Wilbur</font>
+
+75
+00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:11,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had made the first motorized flight
+in December 1903.</font>
+
+76
+00:05:12,720 --> 00:05:13,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But in 1934...</font>
+
+77
+00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-[knock on door]
+-Come in.</font>
+
+78
+00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:18,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...researcher and writer
+Stella Randolph became aware</font>
+
+79
+00:05:19,040 --> 00:05:24,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of an explosive document that challenged
+Orville Wright's version of his story.</font>
+
+80
+00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-You mentioned an interesting article?
+-Take a look.</font>
+
+81
+00:05:28,399 --> 00:05:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's in a special collection,
+"early aviation."</font>
+
+82
+00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:39,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The New York newspaper report
+was from 1901,</font>
+
+83
+00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:44,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detailing a flight by
+the German aviator Gustave Whitehead</font>
+
+84
+00:05:44,159 --> 00:05:45,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in Bridgeport, Connecticut.</font>
+
+85
+00:05:46,159 --> 00:05:48,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] She was fascinated.</font>
+
+86
+00:05:48,159 --> 00:05:50,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Her father had been a fan
+of the Wright brothers</font>
+
+87
+00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:52,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and she looked at this and said,</font>
+
+88
+00:05:52,720 --> 00:05:55,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"This article is about
+a man flying in 1901,</font>
+
+89
+00:05:55,839 --> 00:05:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two years before the Wright brothers."</font>
+
+90
+00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:00,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, at the height of the Great Depression,</font>
+
+91
+00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a single woman on a low salary</font>
+
+92
+00:06:03,279 --> 00:06:06,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decided to research the story
+of Gustave Whitehead.</font>
+
+93
+00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] By 1937, Stella had expanded
+the article into a controversial new book</font>
+
+94
+00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:19,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">detailing the names of people
+who'd actually seen Whitehead fly.</font>
+
+95
+00:06:19,399 --> 00:06:22,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It contained 11
+sworn eyewitness accounts</font>
+
+96
+00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:27,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by people attesting to Whitehead's flights
+before the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+97
+00:06:29,160 --> 00:06:34,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] This book changed the perception
+of early aviation history</font>
+
+98
+00:06:34,159 --> 00:06:35,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quite considerably.</font>
+
+99
+00:06:35,839 --> 00:06:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But when the Second World War came along,</font>
+
+100
+00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:41,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh, Stella Randolph's efforts to prove</font>
+
+101
+00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that a German had flown before
+an American weren't well received.</font>
+
+102
+00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:53,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Until her death in 1989,</font>
+
+103
+00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stella Randolph campaigned to have
+Whitehead formally recognized.</font>
+
+104
+00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:01,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But her evidence fell on deaf ears.</font>
+
+105
+00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:08,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 1948, the Smithsonian
+and the US government</font>
+
+106
+00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:12,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recognized the Wright brothers
+as the fathers of aviation.</font>
+
+107
+00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:15,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And today in Kitty Hawk,
+where the Wright brothers flew,</font>
+
+108
+00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:19,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more than half a million people
+pay their respects every year.</font>
+
+109
+00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:30,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So what had happened to Stella's claim
+that Whitehead flew first?</font>
+
+110
+00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:35,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As Brown expanded his research,</font>
+
+111
+00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:39,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he began to suspect that there
+was a darker side to this story.</font>
+
+112
+00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:46,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He discovered an article
+written in 1945 by Orville Wright</font>
+
+113
+00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:50,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quoting one of Whitehead's
+leading contemporaries.</font>
+
+114
+00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:54,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Orville] Whitehead never succeeded
+in making any aeroplane flights.</font>
+
+115
+00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:57,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He was eccentric, a visionary,
+and a dreamer,</font>
+
+116
+00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to such an extent that he actually
+believed what he merely imagined.</font>
+
+117
+00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:09,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Today, America's
+foremost scientific institution</font>
+
+118
+00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:11,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is inclined to agree.</font>
+
+119
+00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Did Gustave Whitehead fly?</font>
+
+120
+00:08:14,279 --> 00:08:17,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You can't say no,
+you can't prove a negative.</font>
+
+121
+00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:22,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But I don't think the evidence
+has come even close,</font>
+
+122
+00:08:22,360 --> 00:08:26,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not within a country mile,
+of indicating that he had flown.</font>
+
+123
+00:08:26,399 --> 00:08:31,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So if he did fly, um, the evidence
+to prove it is still out there someplace.</font>
+
+124
+00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:32,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We haven't seen it.</font>
+
+125
+00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] John Brown was not going
+to leave any stone unturned.</font>
+
+126
+00:08:39,440 --> 00:08:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In search of new evidence,</font>
+
+127
+00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:43,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he travelled to the German town
+of Leutershausen</font>
+
+128
+00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where Whitehead was born in 1874.</font>
+
+129
+00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:53,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A local museum is dedicated
+to the achievements of the German aviator</font>
+
+130
+00:08:53,519 --> 00:08:56,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whose original name was Gustav Weißkopf</font>
+
+131
+00:08:56,840 --> 00:09:00,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">before he changed it
+to Whitehead in the US.</font>
+
+132
+00:09:00,879 --> 00:09:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The main item in the collection
+is a full-scale replica</font>
+
+133
+00:09:03,519 --> 00:09:07,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Whitehead's plane, the No. 21,</font>
+
+134
+00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:10,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and what Brown discovered from it
+was overwhelming.</font>
+
+135
+00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are two ways of looking
+at this plane: the first thing...</font>
+
+136
+00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that's conjured up is it looks a bit
+like Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.</font>
+
+137
+00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:22,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the remarkable thing about Whitehead
+is he had a monoplane,</font>
+
+138
+00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:25,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and most aeroplanes these days
+aren't biplanes anymore,</font>
+
+139
+00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so he was ahead of his time on that.</font>
+
+140
+00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the layout,</font>
+
+141
+00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:35,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the way the four vectors
+are juxtaposed to each other,</font>
+
+142
+00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is reminiscent of modern aeroplanes.</font>
+
+143
+00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:42,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There's not much we do
+differently these days.</font>
+
+144
+00:09:42,519 --> 00:09:46,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have different materials, but we don't
+have different physics and science.</font>
+
+145
+00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[propellers whirring]</font>
+
+146
+00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:53,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The museum is run by a group
+of local aviation historians,</font>
+
+147
+00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:57,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who believe that history needs to be
+corrected in favor of Whitehead.</font>
+
+148
+00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:01,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Their archive is a treasure trove
+on Whitehead's life,</font>
+
+149
+00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:05,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including background
+on his formative years.</font>
+
+150
+00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:12,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even in his youth,
+Gustave was dreaming of flying...</font>
+
+151
+00:10:13,240 --> 00:10:15,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as his younger brother Nicholas wrote.</font>
+
+152
+00:10:17,519 --> 00:10:20,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Nicholas] About Gustave's youth,
+I only remember that his hobby</font>
+
+153
+00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:24,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was to fly little open balloons
+and parachutes</font>
+
+154
+00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:26,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with attached corks or candles.</font>
+
+155
+00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:34,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] On the other side
+of the Atlantic, in Dayton, Ohio,</font>
+
+156
+00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:37,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead's future competitors,
+the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright,</font>
+
+157
+00:10:37,519 --> 00:10:39,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were equally fascinated by flight.</font>
+
+158
+00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-You think that's good?
+-Yeah.</font>
+
+159
+00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:46,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] A flying toy
+popular in the 1870s</font>
+
+160
+00:10:46,519 --> 00:10:50,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">left a profound impact
+on Orville as a child.</font>
+
+161
+00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:52,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Two, one...</font>
+
+162
+00:10:53,480 --> 00:10:58,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] A toy so delicate it only lasted
+a short time in the hands of small boys,</font>
+
+163
+00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:02,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but its memory was abiding.</font>
+
+164
+00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:06,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] What the Wrights and Whitehead
+also had in common</font>
+
+165
+00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was their interest in the German
+design engineer Otto Lilienthal.</font>
+
+166
+00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:15,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] Lilienthal, on first appearance,
+would have been one of these cranks</font>
+
+167
+00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that they always show when they show
+the people who failed in flight,</font>
+
+168
+00:11:19,360 --> 00:11:20,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when the things go straight down,</font>
+
+169
+00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:24,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because what he did was
+he built a set of wings...</font>
+
+170
+00:11:25,639 --> 00:11:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he ran down the hill and glided.</font>
+
+171
+00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:33,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That seems like almost
+like a comedy routine.</font>
+
+172
+00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But before he did that,</font>
+
+173
+00:11:40,519 --> 00:11:43,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lilienthal had taken tens of thousands
+of measurements</font>
+
+174
+00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:46,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of aerofoils,
+which is the shape of a wing,</font>
+
+175
+00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:49,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to determine which would be
+the most efficient shape to glide.</font>
+
+176
+00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:52,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He made 2,000 glides,</font>
+
+177
+00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so, in fact, rather than being
+one of these weird cranks,</font>
+
+178
+00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:58,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he turned out to be the pioneer</font>
+
+179
+00:11:58,639 --> 00:12:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that inspired the Wright brothers
+and just about everyone else.</font>
+
+180
+00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:08,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Lilienthal's revolutionary
+glider design left its mark.</font>
+
+181
+00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:13,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One day, it would also become
+the basis of Whitehead's plane.</font>
+
+182
+00:12:14,240 --> 00:12:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead basically did
+what Lilienthal had planned to do.</font>
+
+183
+00:12:17,519 --> 00:12:21,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He basically just put an engine
+on... [chuckles]... the Lilienthal glider.</font>
+
+184
+00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The only thing he had to change
+to do that, of course,</font>
+
+185
+00:12:24,519 --> 00:12:29,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is he had to put this fuselage in here,
+mainly to house the engine.</font>
+
+186
+00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And Whitehead himself, he stood here
+just behind the engine</font>
+
+187
+00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:37,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and from there he steered the plane.</font>
+
+188
+00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:44,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Here in his hometown,
+Gustave Whitehead is far from forgotten.</font>
+
+189
+00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:47,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A memorial commemorates him</font>
+
+190
+00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:51,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for having conducted
+the world's first motorized flight.</font>
+
+191
+00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:54,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Andy, how are you?</font>
+
+192
+00:12:55,519 --> 00:12:58,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Overseas, there are others
+who share this view,</font>
+
+193
+00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:01,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Including the US state of Connecticut.</font>
+
+194
+00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In Bridgeport, physics teacher
+Andy Kosch and his team</font>
+
+195
+00:13:07,759 --> 00:13:13,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">built a replica of Whitehead's
+No. 21 back in the 1980s.</font>
+
+196
+00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He claims he has proven
+that Whitehead's plane could fly.</font>
+
+197
+00:13:18,879 --> 00:13:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, I heard about it at a lecture
+at the Fairfield Historical Society,</font>
+
+198
+00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:26,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I said, "Gee, this looks
+like a hang glider.</font>
+
+199
+00:13:26,120 --> 00:13:28,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think I could build this aeroplane."</font>
+
+200
+00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:33,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We need a safety wire on here to make sure
+the wind can't blow this upside down.</font>
+
+201
+00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:37,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I started all by myself
+and people wandered into the hangar</font>
+
+202
+00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:38,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and offered to help.</font>
+
+203
+00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many of these people were older men,</font>
+
+204
+00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:45,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in their 70s and 80s, but they knew
+the story of Gustave Whitehead very well.</font>
+
+205
+00:13:45,879 --> 00:13:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They'd learned it from their parents.</font>
+
+206
+00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:52,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some of them even knew people
+who had seen Gustave Whitehead fly.</font>
+
+207
+00:13:52,480 --> 00:13:56,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So they joined in with me
+and we built this replica.</font>
+
+208
+00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:01,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We took it out to Bridgeport Airport.</font>
+
+209
+00:14:02,639 --> 00:14:05,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Started taxiing, just moving
+along the ground.</font>
+
+210
+00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then it just leapt
+off the ground so simply.</font>
+
+211
+00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:18,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] A decade later,</font>
+
+212
+00:14:18,759 --> 00:14:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Leutershausen Museum's replica
+also flew successfully...</font>
+
+213
+00:14:23,519 --> 00:14:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">evidence that Whitehead had designed
+a plane capable of flight</font>
+
+214
+00:14:28,120 --> 00:14:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two years before the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+215
+00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:35,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it doesn't prove
+that Whitehead flew it in 1901.</font>
+
+216
+00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:38,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Critics say that Whitehead</font>
+
+217
+00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">couldn't possibly have
+manufactured aviation engines</font>
+
+218
+00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:44,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to get his plane off the ground.</font>
+
+219
+00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:46,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[typewriter keys clacking]</font>
+
+220
+00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This criticism harks back to a quote
+in Orville Wright's scathing article.</font>
+
+221
+00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Orville] Whitehead did not possess
+sufficient mechanical skill</font>
+
+222
+00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to build a successful motor,
+he had delusions.</font>
+
+223
+00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:05,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] So, was Whitehead a dreamer
+or a genius ahead of his time?</font>
+
+224
+00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:09,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brown now focused on this question.</font>
+
+225
+00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[in German] Here are the negatives.</font>
+
+226
+00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] How could a poor young man
+from small-town Bavaria</font>
+
+227
+00:15:17,519 --> 00:15:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">acquire the skills to produce engines
+that would usher in the age of aviation?</font>
+
+228
+00:15:25,720 --> 00:15:30,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Germany in the 1880s was one
+of the world's industrial powerhouses.</font>
+
+229
+00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:35,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to recently discovered articles
+from the 1950s,</font>
+
+230
+00:15:35,519 --> 00:15:37,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">young Whitehead trained as a fitter</font>
+
+231
+00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at one of Germany's leading
+engine production companies.</font>
+
+232
+00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:48,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yet Gustave never lost sight
+of his passion: flight.</font>
+
+233
+00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:52,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The question was where to pursue it
+and still make a living.</font>
+
+234
+00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The answer was a job at sea,
+on ships between Europe and the Americas.</font>
+
+235
+00:16:03,759 --> 00:16:07,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] At the time, sailing boats
+were just starting to add engines.</font>
+
+236
+00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Working with the sails
+and working with the wind</font>
+
+237
+00:16:12,840 --> 00:16:15,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was one part of what
+he was doing during these years.</font>
+
+238
+00:16:15,480 --> 00:16:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The other part was keeping
+these engines running.</font>
+
+239
+00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:25,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Around 1894, Whitehead's years
+at sea came to an abrupt end.</font>
+
+240
+00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:26,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[bell clanging]</font>
+
+241
+00:16:26,519 --> 00:16:28,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[thunder crashes]</font>
+
+242
+00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:34,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">His ship ran into some trouble
+off the east coast of the United States</font>
+
+243
+00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:38,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in two separate places,
+the last one being Cape Cod,</font>
+
+244
+00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:41,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is known as "the ship's graveyard."</font>
+
+245
+00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:44,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's when he decided to stay on land.</font>
+
+246
+00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:48,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Gustave Whitehead
+was 20 years old.</font>
+
+247
+00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:53,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">From now on he would be dedicated
+to the navigation of the skies.</font>
+
+248
+00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Brown's next stop was the United States,
+to investigate how a poor immigrant</font>
+
+249
+00:17:03,759 --> 00:17:06,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">became a leading pioneer of aviation.</font>
+
+250
+00:17:07,319 --> 00:17:12,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Newspaper articles from the 1890s
+led to the Blue Hills, south of Boston,</font>
+
+251
+00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:17,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and a remarkable discovery about
+Whitehead's first big job in aviation.</font>
+
+252
+00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:23,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] He was employed here
+by America's oldest aviation organization</font>
+
+253
+00:17:23,799 --> 00:17:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">called the Boston Aeronautical Society,</font>
+
+254
+00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:30,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it was the official representative
+of Otto Lilienthal,</font>
+
+255
+00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:32,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the German glider designer,</font>
+
+256
+00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here in the United States,</font>
+
+257
+00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:39,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and Whitehead was the one
+who built all of the Lilienthal gliders</font>
+
+258
+00:17:39,240 --> 00:17:42,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and all of the weather kites
+that were tested here.</font>
+
+259
+00:17:48,519 --> 00:17:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] At last Whitehead was able
+to follow his true calling.</font>
+
+260
+00:17:54,519 --> 00:17:58,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Responsible for constructing
+Lilienthal's pioneering gliders,</font>
+
+261
+00:17:58,440 --> 00:18:02,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his work was published
+in the New York Herald in 1897.</font>
+
+262
+00:18:03,799 --> 00:18:09,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Soon after, the young aspiring aviator
+married and moved to Pittsburgh,</font>
+
+263
+00:18:09,319 --> 00:18:13,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">embarking on one of the most
+controversial periods of his life.</font>
+
+264
+00:18:17,279 --> 00:18:21,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By day, the 25-year-old worked
+as a steelworks engineer...</font>
+
+265
+00:18:22,759 --> 00:18:26,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but at night in his workshop,
+he constructed light-weight engines</font>
+
+266
+00:18:26,799 --> 00:18:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to attach to his gliders.</font>
+
+267
+00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pass me the file.</font>
+
+268
+00:18:30,279 --> 00:18:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] He later claimed
+it was here in Pittsburgh</font>
+
+269
+00:18:33,039 --> 00:18:36,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he first attempted to fly
+a motorized plane.</font>
+
+270
+00:18:39,319 --> 00:18:43,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">His critics say the Pittsburgh flight
+is a Whitehead fantasy.</font>
+
+271
+00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:49,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yet in 1934, Stella Randolph
+was able to track down a witness</font>
+
+272
+00:18:49,039 --> 00:18:52,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who'd been in the plane
+as it became airborne.</font>
+
+273
+00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:54,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Please.</font>
+
+274
+00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:59,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I flew with Mr. Whitehead on the occasion</font>
+
+275
+00:18:59,559 --> 00:19:03,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when he succeeded in flying his machine,
+propelled by steam motor.</font>
+
+276
+00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:09,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Mechanic Louis Darvarich stated
+that he and Whitehead flew the plane</font>
+
+277
+00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">half a mile down a Pittsburgh street.</font>
+
+278
+00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But this 1899 flight was regarded
+as nothing more than an attempt,</font>
+
+279
+00:19:19,279 --> 00:19:22,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because despite being airborne,
+the plane crashed.</font>
+
+280
+00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So who should we believe?</font>
+
+281
+00:19:25,799 --> 00:19:29,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The critics or the testimony
+of Louis Darvarich?</font>
+
+282
+00:19:34,519 --> 00:19:39,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To check, Brown and researcher Paul Beck
+studied archival material</font>
+
+283
+00:19:39,079 --> 00:19:40,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unavailable to Stella Randolph.</font>
+
+284
+00:19:42,279 --> 00:19:47,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Just one year ago, nothing was known
+about what Whitehead did in Pittsburgh,</font>
+
+285
+00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:51,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">except what Stella Randolph
+had come up with in the 1930s.</font>
+
+286
+00:19:51,759 --> 00:19:55,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now we have more than 30 articles
+about what he did there.</font>
+
+287
+00:19:55,759 --> 00:19:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We know where he took off</font>
+
+288
+00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:01,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and we also know where he
+crashed-landed this plane,</font>
+
+289
+00:20:01,079 --> 00:20:06,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we can confirm that it was
+a level flight, or close to level flight.</font>
+
+290
+00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the first time
+I've come to Pittsburgh.</font>
+
+291
+00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:17,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's the first time I'm going to see
+where Gustave Whitehead</font>
+
+292
+00:20:17,799 --> 00:20:19,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">made his first powered flight attempt.</font>
+
+293
+00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:22,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So it's all very interesting
+and very exciting.</font>
+
+294
+00:20:25,279 --> 00:20:27,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Next day, Brown and Paul Beck</font>
+
+295
+00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:32,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">team up with local historian
+John Tchaikovsky to visit the site.</font>
+
+296
+00:20:32,079 --> 00:20:34,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Leading up here,
+according to all the articles,</font>
+
+297
+00:20:34,559 --> 00:20:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is the location where Gustave
+would have taken off,</font>
+
+298
+00:20:37,039 --> 00:20:39,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is Magee-Women's Hospital,
+where I was born.</font>
+
+299
+00:20:40,319 --> 00:20:44,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He would have taken off,
+coming at a 45 degree angle, a slope,</font>
+
+300
+00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:48,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">straight down Valmont Street, where he
+crashed into the building straight ahead.</font>
+
+301
+00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:54,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] Where exactly did he hit?</font>
+
+302
+00:20:54,079 --> 00:20:57,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There. Approximately right
+where the tree is today.</font>
+
+303
+00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:02,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Brown is convinced.</font>
+
+304
+00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If Whitehead's plane
+hadn't hit this building,</font>
+
+305
+00:21:06,279 --> 00:21:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the age of motorized flight
+would have begun in December 1899,</font>
+
+306
+00:21:11,279 --> 00:21:14,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a point never acknowledged
+in mainstream histories.</font>
+
+307
+00:21:20,519 --> 00:21:23,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Instead, the enduring story
+is that the Wright brothers</font>
+
+308
+00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were the pioneers of aviation.</font>
+
+309
+00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:29,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As young men in the 1890s,</font>
+
+310
+00:21:29,519 --> 00:21:34,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they started a successful business
+manufacturing and renting out bicycles.</font>
+
+311
+00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:41,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The demand for
+this latest invention was huge.</font>
+
+312
+00:21:43,319 --> 00:21:45,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It laid the foundation
+for what would become</font>
+
+313
+00:21:45,799 --> 00:21:48,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of America's
+most famous partnerships.</font>
+
+314
+00:21:50,519 --> 00:21:53,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Goldstone] They were two
+very distinct people,</font>
+
+315
+00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:55,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-[camera shutter snaps]
+-very complex personalities.</font>
+
+316
+00:21:55,279 --> 00:21:56,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[photographer] Thanks, boys.</font>
+
+317
+00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:59,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wilbur was a genius.</font>
+
+318
+00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He was one of the great instinctive
+scientists this country has ever produced.</font>
+
+319
+00:22:03,519 --> 00:22:07,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Orville was a great technician,
+a great craftsman, he could build things,</font>
+
+320
+00:22:07,279 --> 00:22:10,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but Orville did not have Wilbur's genius.</font>
+
+321
+00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:19,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] After 1899, the Wright brothers
+also began to develop flying devices.</font>
+
+322
+00:22:21,559 --> 00:22:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But they needed light-weight engines
+for their gliders,</font>
+
+323
+00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:29,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just like the ones invented by Whitehead.</font>
+
+324
+00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:34,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And here, the two stories
+briefly intertwine.</font>
+
+325
+00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:39,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Around the time
+of the Pittsburgh flight attempt,</font>
+
+326
+00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wilbur Wright received a letter
+from engineer Octave Chanute,</font>
+
+327
+00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:45,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recommending Whitehead's engines.</font>
+
+328
+00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:50,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Wilbur responded enthusiastically.</font>
+
+329
+00:22:52,279 --> 00:22:54,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Wilbur Wright]
+"The ten-horsepower motor you refer to</font>
+
+330
+00:22:54,799 --> 00:22:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is certainly a wonder
+if it weighs only 30 pounds.</font>
+
+331
+00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even if the inventor
+miscalculates by 500%,</font>
+
+332
+00:23:01,319 --> 00:23:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it still would be an extremely
+fine motor for aerial purposes.</font>
+
+333
+00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:07,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yours truly, Wilbur Wright."</font>
+
+334
+00:23:14,039 --> 00:23:17,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] By 1901,
+Whitehead and his young family</font>
+
+335
+00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:19,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut.</font>
+
+336
+00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-How much longer will you be?
+-One more long night.</font>
+
+337
+00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:27,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Whitehead had secured
+local investment</font>
+
+338
+00:23:27,799 --> 00:23:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to fund a new plane design
+that was taking up all his time.</font>
+
+339
+00:23:33,319 --> 00:23:36,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Did the Wright brothers
+know about this work?</font>
+
+340
+00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:45,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">During her research,
+Stella Randolph found two witnesses</font>
+
+341
+00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:49,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who claim they saw the Wright brothers
+visit Whitehead's shop.</font>
+
+342
+00:23:49,799 --> 00:23:51,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In a sworn affidavit,</font>
+
+343
+00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:55,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of them describes the scene
+in extraordinary detail.</font>
+
+344
+00:23:55,519 --> 00:23:59,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Steves] "I, Cecil A. Steves,
+declare the following to be fact</font>
+
+345
+00:23:59,799 --> 00:24:02,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to my best knowledge and belief.</font>
+
+346
+00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:08,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When a boy, I lived only one block
+from the late Gustave Whitehead.</font>
+
+347
+00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:12,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It was here that the Wright brothers
+visited Mr. Whitehead</font>
+
+348
+00:24:12,319 --> 00:24:14,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">during the early 1900s,</font>
+
+349
+00:24:14,799 --> 00:24:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">coming from Ohio under the guise</font>
+
+350
+00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of offering to help finance
+his inventions."</font>
+
+351
+00:24:19,519 --> 00:24:21,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Gustave] It's very light-weight.</font>
+
+352
+00:24:21,519 --> 00:24:25,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[as Steves] "They actually received inside
+information that aided them materially</font>
+
+353
+00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in completing their own plane.</font>
+
+354
+00:24:30,039 --> 00:24:32,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was at the shop
+with him when they arrived</font>
+
+355
+00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:35,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and waited outside
+while they talked inside.</font>
+
+356
+00:24:37,799 --> 00:24:41,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After they'd gone away,
+Mr. Whitehead turned to me and said,</font>
+
+357
+00:24:42,039 --> 00:24:45,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">'Now since I have given them
+the secrets of my invention,</font>
+
+358
+00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:50,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they will probably never do anything
+in the way of financing me,'</font>
+
+359
+00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:54,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this proving to have been
+a true prophecy."</font>
+
+360
+00:24:55,759 --> 00:25:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Steves repeated his story
+to another researcher in 1966.</font>
+
+361
+00:25:00,519 --> 00:25:05,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But for some reason it has never gained
+traction with mainstream historians.</font>
+
+362
+00:25:05,039 --> 00:25:07,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Crouch] That just isn't true.</font>
+
+363
+00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:11,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Unlike Whitehead, the Wrights,
+I mean, documented everything,</font>
+
+364
+00:25:11,559 --> 00:25:16,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not only in diaries and letters
+and that kind of thing,</font>
+
+365
+00:25:16,079 --> 00:25:18,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but their father's diary,</font>
+
+366
+00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and when people adamantly claim,
+"They were, I saw them,"</font>
+
+367
+00:25:23,519 --> 00:25:26,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I just say, "Nonsense,"</font>
+
+368
+00:25:26,519 --> 00:25:31,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I see that as proof that I'm not going
+to give a whole lot of credence</font>
+
+369
+00:25:31,079 --> 00:25:34,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the rest of what you say
+because I know that's not true.</font>
+
+370
+00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] What we do know for certain
+is that in the summer of 1901,</font>
+
+371
+00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:45,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gustave's work on his new plane
+was progressing steadily.</font>
+
+372
+00:25:45,279 --> 00:25:47,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We should have this working in no time.</font>
+
+373
+00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:54,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The result was the plane
+first seen by John Brown in 2011,</font>
+
+374
+00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:59,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gustave's 21st flyer,
+which he called the No. 21.</font>
+
+375
+00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The design was based on one
+of the tried and tested Lilienthal gliders</font>
+
+376
+00:26:07,240 --> 00:26:09,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that he'd built, but bigger</font>
+
+377
+00:26:09,279 --> 00:26:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and with an undercarriage
+and two propellers.</font>
+
+378
+00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead decided
+to pilot the plane himself,</font>
+
+379
+00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:22,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">risking his life once again to become
+the first man to achieve motorized flight.</font>
+
+380
+00:26:30,039 --> 00:26:33,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the same time,
+600 kilometers south of Bridgeport,</font>
+
+381
+00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:38,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Wright brothers were still
+experimenting with unpowered gliders,</font>
+
+382
+00:26:38,039 --> 00:26:41,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">harnessing the strong coastal winds
+of Kitty Hawk for their glides.</font>
+
+383
+00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:45,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After two years of experimenting,</font>
+
+384
+00:26:45,079 --> 00:26:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">an engine was attached
+to one of their flyers.</font>
+
+385
+00:26:52,279 --> 00:26:57,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A first attempt, on the 14th
+of December 1903, ended in a crash.</font>
+
+386
+00:26:57,799 --> 00:26:59,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[plane crashing]</font>
+
+387
+00:26:59,960 --> 00:27:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the flyer was soon repaired.</font>
+
+388
+00:27:03,039 --> 00:27:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Three days later, on the 17th of December,
+the Wright brothers try it again.</font>
+
+389
+00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:14,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to Orville Wright's diaries,
+this time the brothers were successful.</font>
+
+390
+00:27:15,240 --> 00:27:20,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a story well known to historians
+and school children around the world.</font>
+
+391
+00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Crouch] They made
+four flights that morning.</font>
+
+392
+00:27:23,519 --> 00:27:29,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The first one was only 120 feet
+in a little over 12 seconds.</font>
+
+393
+00:27:29,039 --> 00:27:33,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They took turns and, uh,
+Orville made the first flight,</font>
+
+394
+00:27:33,279 --> 00:27:35,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so Wilbur made the fourth flight.</font>
+
+395
+00:27:36,039 --> 00:27:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And on that flight, he travelled
+870 some feet in 59 seconds.</font>
+
+396
+00:27:42,039 --> 00:27:47,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He was in the air almost a minute
+and that was enough to convince them</font>
+
+397
+00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that they had achieved sustained flight.</font>
+
+398
+00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:56,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The Wright brothers conducted
+their experiments in great secrecy.</font>
+
+399
+00:27:57,440 --> 00:28:01,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Back in the early 1900s,
+many people doubted their story.</font>
+
+400
+00:28:02,519 --> 00:28:06,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To answer their critics,
+Orville released this photograph,</font>
+
+401
+00:28:06,799 --> 00:28:10,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">five years after the event, in 1908.</font>
+
+402
+00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:14,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That was one of the most reprinted</font>
+
+403
+00:28:14,559 --> 00:28:16,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">historically significant pictures
+of all time.</font>
+
+404
+00:28:17,319 --> 00:28:21,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The very first flight, and when you look
+at the first flight photo,</font>
+
+405
+00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you will see that the flyer
+is off of the ground.</font>
+
+406
+00:28:26,759 --> 00:28:31,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] But how much can we trust
+the Wright brothers' photographs?</font>
+
+407
+00:28:34,920 --> 00:28:36,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Visiting Kitty Hawk</font>
+
+408
+00:28:36,559 --> 00:28:40,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is aeronautical design
+and performance engineer Joe Bullmer.</font>
+
+409
+00:28:41,519 --> 00:28:45,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Bullmer is an expert in
+the secret analysis of foreign aircraft</font>
+
+410
+00:28:45,319 --> 00:28:47,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and reported
+to the US Defense Department,</font>
+
+411
+00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Congress and the White House.</font>
+
+412
+00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:54,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He has discovered
+disturbing inconsistencies</font>
+
+413
+00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:57,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the Wright brothers'
+photographic evidence.</font>
+
+414
+00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:00,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Bullmer] The Wright brothers
+had a criteria that,</font>
+
+415
+00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:05,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unless you flew at least a tenth
+of a kilometer, 328 feet,</font>
+
+416
+00:29:05,319 --> 00:29:08,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that you hadn't proven anything.
+In fact, Wilbur said that</font>
+
+417
+00:29:08,240 --> 00:29:12,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">any flight shorter than 300 feet
+would be just a jump in the air</font>
+
+418
+00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:17,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and proved nothing,
+and he used the word "nothing."</font>
+
+419
+00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:22,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But this flight is portrayed by many
+to be the first successful flight,</font>
+
+420
+00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:26,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but in fact, the airplane only went
+about a third of the distance</font>
+
+421
+00:29:26,799 --> 00:29:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that they felt was a minimum for success,</font>
+
+422
+00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:34,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and as you can see, this elevator here
+is at the full up position.</font>
+
+423
+00:29:34,319 --> 00:29:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That was a problem because
+it was pivoted too far back</font>
+
+424
+00:29:37,039 --> 00:29:39,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it would flop either
+one way or the other completely,</font>
+
+425
+00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:44,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that's why Orville went up, down,
+almost hit the ground, went up again</font>
+
+426
+00:29:44,799 --> 00:29:47,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then hit the ground
+the second time he came down.</font>
+
+427
+00:29:47,319 --> 00:29:52,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So this flight, really, by
+the Wright brothers' criteria at the time,</font>
+
+428
+00:29:52,559 --> 00:29:54,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was not a success.</font>
+
+429
+00:29:56,039 --> 00:29:58,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] According to
+Wilbur Wright's own criteria,</font>
+
+430
+00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:03,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the first three flight attempts
+were too short to qualify as successful.</font>
+
+431
+00:30:05,079 --> 00:30:10,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the fourth flight did qualify,
+travelling 852 feet.</font>
+
+432
+00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:14,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, what is the evidence for this?</font>
+
+433
+00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:18,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is supposedly a picture
+of the fourth flight.</font>
+
+434
+00:30:19,319 --> 00:30:21,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the propeller blades
+are clearly visible,</font>
+
+435
+00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so the engine was stopped
+and the aeroplane appears to be</font>
+
+436
+00:30:25,279 --> 00:30:28,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">either on the ground
+or within a foot of it.</font>
+
+437
+00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:32,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, this is at or very near
+the end of the flight.</font>
+
+438
+00:30:33,079 --> 00:30:36,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, the Wright brothers claimed
+that that aeroplane on that flight</font>
+
+439
+00:30:36,200 --> 00:30:40,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">went 852 feet in 59 seconds.</font>
+
+440
+00:30:40,319 --> 00:30:45,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">However, the mensuration using standard
+trigonometric and geometric techniques</font>
+
+441
+00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shows that aeroplane to be</font>
+
+442
+00:30:48,279 --> 00:30:53,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between 300 and 340 feet
+from the take-off point,</font>
+
+443
+00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:55,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not 852.</font>
+
+444
+00:30:58,519 --> 00:31:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not only that, when we look
+at the picture in detail,</font>
+
+445
+00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:04,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we notice that the wing is bent
+with the tips a little bit lower.</font>
+
+446
+00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:08,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now that's characteristic
+of the 1903 aeroplane,</font>
+
+447
+00:31:08,759 --> 00:31:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the next thing is that there
+are these three dark blobs on there.</font>
+
+448
+00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:15,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What are they?</font>
+
+449
+00:31:17,799 --> 00:31:19,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] The question is puzzling.</font>
+
+450
+00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:26,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Close-ups of the Wright brothers'
+1903 flyer</font>
+
+451
+00:31:26,039 --> 00:31:30,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">show a horizontally mounted engine
+and a low-lying pilot,</font>
+
+452
+00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:33,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nothing that would look like
+three blobs from a distance.</font>
+
+453
+00:31:34,559 --> 00:31:38,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In contrast, this footage of
+a Wright brothers two-seat flyer</font>
+
+454
+00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:40,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flown in 1908</font>
+
+455
+00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:44,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shows two people sitting
+next to an upright engine.</font>
+
+456
+00:31:44,039 --> 00:31:46,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Three blobs from a distance.</font>
+
+457
+00:31:50,319 --> 00:31:54,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So these three blobs are much more
+consistent with a 1908 airplane</font>
+
+458
+00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:56,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than a 1903.</font>
+
+459
+00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Wrights did bring the two-seat model
+of their aircraft to Kitty Hawk in 1908</font>
+
+460
+00:32:04,559 --> 00:32:09,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and they flew it dozens of times
+over the course of a month and a half.</font>
+
+461
+00:32:09,279 --> 00:32:13,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, I really am not a hundred percent sure
+what I'm looking at here.</font>
+
+462
+00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[chuckles] Whether it is, in fact,
+a 1903 shot.</font>
+
+463
+00:32:18,279 --> 00:32:23,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't think the photography by itself
+proves that they had success.</font>
+
+464
+00:32:26,759 --> 00:32:29,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Joe Bullmer's analysis suggests</font>
+
+465
+00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that proof of the Wright brothers'
+flight of 852 feet</font>
+
+466
+00:32:33,039 --> 00:32:37,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relies essentially on the journal
+and writings of one man...</font>
+
+467
+00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Orville Wright.</font>
+
+468
+00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:48,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Goldstone] One of the key issues
+in the early years of powered flight</font>
+
+469
+00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is, can we verify that they did
+what they said they did?</font>
+
+470
+00:32:54,279 --> 00:32:56,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How reliable are they,</font>
+
+471
+00:32:56,240 --> 00:33:01,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and how reliable were the people who claim
+to be witnesses to what they did?</font>
+
+472
+00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:03,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, in the Wright brothers' case,</font>
+
+473
+00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:09,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they were out in Kitty Hawk with
+a couple of locals who lived in shacks</font>
+
+474
+00:33:09,440 --> 00:33:13,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and Orville claimed his fourth flight
+was 852 feet.</font>
+
+475
+00:33:13,799 --> 00:33:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There is no independent verification,</font>
+
+476
+00:33:17,519 --> 00:33:22,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">except "the Wright brothers did not lie."</font>
+
+477
+00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[announcer] And there it goes!</font>
+
+478
+00:33:25,759 --> 00:33:29,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] So do attempts to replicate
+the 1903 flight</font>
+
+479
+00:33:29,319 --> 00:33:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vindicate Orville Wright's story?</font>
+
+480
+00:33:31,279 --> 00:33:32,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[announcer] He's working hard!</font>
+
+481
+00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:36,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[woman] Aww, crap!</font>
+
+482
+00:33:39,319 --> 00:33:43,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Bullmer] No one has had any success
+duplicating the fourth flight.</font>
+
+483
+00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:47,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In fact, the farthest that I know of
+that anybody's flown a Wright replica</font>
+
+484
+00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is about 130 feet.</font>
+
+485
+00:33:50,039 --> 00:33:53,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many people have gotten injured
+flying replica's of Wright flyers</font>
+
+486
+00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:55,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and two people got killed.</font>
+
+487
+00:33:58,279 --> 00:34:00,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Five months after Kitty Hawk,</font>
+
+488
+00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Wright brothers invited the press
+to a demonstration</font>
+
+489
+00:34:03,200 --> 00:34:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of their latest flyer near Dayton, Ohio.</font>
+
+490
+00:34:07,759 --> 00:34:11,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The day was a disaster,
+as the plane failed to fly.</font>
+
+491
+00:34:18,159 --> 00:34:21,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yet by 1905, the Wright brothers managed</font>
+
+492
+00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:24,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to get a modified version
+of their biplane into the air.</font>
+
+493
+00:34:26,360 --> 00:34:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These first moving pictures
+of a Wright plane were taken in 1908.</font>
+
+494
+00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:37,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By now the Wright brothers had taken out
+a lucrative aviation patent</font>
+
+495
+00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for their control system.</font>
+
+496
+00:34:40,159 --> 00:34:46,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">With that patent, they tried to either
+keep people out of the aviation business</font>
+
+497
+00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:52,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or take ten percent
+of whatever they made from aviation.</font>
+
+498
+00:34:52,599 --> 00:34:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They ended up spending a lot of time
+suing other people.</font>
+
+499
+00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:02,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] One long wrangling case
+went to two appeals.</font>
+
+500
+00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:05,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The judge that adjudicated their case</font>
+
+501
+00:35:05,119 --> 00:35:08,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">admitted that he was
+favorable to the Wrights</font>
+
+502
+00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they were
+"the pioneers of aviation," as he put it.</font>
+
+503
+00:35:15,599 --> 00:35:18,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] For the Wright brothers,
+it seems to have not been so much</font>
+
+504
+00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about inventing the aeroplane
+as about making money.</font>
+
+505
+00:35:22,559 --> 00:35:24,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's quite well illustrated when you see</font>
+
+506
+00:35:24,639 --> 00:35:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what happened after
+they demonstrated their aeroplane.</font>
+
+507
+00:35:28,079 --> 00:35:31,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They put no effort into developing
+the aeroplane further.</font>
+
+508
+00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:34,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They put all their effort
+into suing everybody else</font>
+
+509
+00:35:34,679 --> 00:35:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who tried to fly an aeroplane.</font>
+
+510
+00:35:37,639 --> 00:35:40,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Wilbur died in 1912.</font>
+
+511
+00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:43,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But by the 1920s,
+his surviving brother Orville</font>
+
+512
+00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:47,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was busy writing the history of aviation,</font>
+
+513
+00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:51,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">placing himself and his late brother
+at the center of the story.</font>
+
+514
+00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Based on the Kitty Hawk flights,</font>
+
+515
+00:35:54,599 --> 00:35:58,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Orville built a strong reputation
+and profitable business.</font>
+
+516
+00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[newsreader] The nation's tribute
+to the father of aviation.</font>
+
+517
+00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:05,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] But in the mid-1930s,</font>
+
+518
+00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stella Randolph's book
+detailing Whitehead's lost flights</font>
+
+519
+00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">threatened to torpedo
+Orville's reputation.</font>
+
+520
+00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:18,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the heart of her book was
+a long-forgotten eyewitness account</font>
+
+521
+00:36:18,559 --> 00:36:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attributed to the respected journalist
+Richard Howell</font>
+
+522
+00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:23,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the Bridgeport Sunday Herald,</font>
+
+523
+00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:26,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">published more than two years
+before the Wright brothers</font>
+
+524
+00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:28,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">claimed flights at Kitty Hawk.</font>
+
+525
+00:36:33,840 --> 00:36:39,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Howell's account began in the early hours
+of the 14th of August, 1901,</font>
+
+526
+00:36:39,199 --> 00:36:43,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as Whitehead was heading for a field
+near his home in Bridgeport.</font>
+
+527
+00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:46,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He wrote...</font>
+
+528
+00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Howell] "By this time
+the light was good.</font>
+
+529
+00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:51,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The nervous tension was
+growing at every clock tick."</font>
+
+530
+00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:56,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-Do you think you can get this to fly?
+-Just you watch me.</font>
+
+531
+00:36:57,559 --> 00:36:58,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, good luck.</font>
+
+532
+00:37:00,320 --> 00:37:01,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Start the engine.</font>
+
+533
+00:37:05,199 --> 00:37:07,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's go.</font>
+
+534
+00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Howell] "It was an exciting moment."</font>
+
+535
+00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:12,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And release!</font>
+
+536
+00:37:17,199 --> 00:37:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] The machine darted up through
+the air like a bird released from a cage.</font>
+
+537
+00:37:24,079 --> 00:37:28,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The newspaperman and the two assistants
+stood still for a moment,</font>
+
+538
+00:37:28,199 --> 00:37:30,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watching the airship in amazement.</font>
+
+539
+00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:38,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She was flying now
+about 50 feet above the ground.</font>
+
+540
+00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:46,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] According to Howell's article,
+Whitehead flew half a mile that day.</font>
+
+541
+00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:55,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stella Randolph knew
+this evidence was dynamite,</font>
+
+542
+00:37:56,599 --> 00:37:59,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but she also knew she had
+to find more proof</font>
+
+543
+00:37:59,559 --> 00:38:02,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to convince the world
+Whitehead had flown first.</font>
+
+544
+00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:06,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Travelling to Bridgeport
+in search of witnesses,</font>
+
+545
+00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she found people still talking about
+the German aviator 30 years later.</font>
+
+546
+00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:17,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many claimed to have seen Whitehead fly
+on numerous occasions.</font>
+
+547
+00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:20,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was present when Mr. Whitehead succeeded</font>
+
+548
+00:38:20,679 --> 00:38:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in flying his machine propelled by motor.</font>
+
+549
+00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The distance flown was approximately</font>
+
+550
+00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one mile and a half.</font>
+
+551
+00:38:28,559 --> 00:38:30,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The first flights made</font>
+
+552
+00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:31,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by Mr. Whitehead</font>
+
+553
+00:38:31,639 --> 00:38:34,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lasted approximately five minutes time.</font>
+
+554
+00:38:36,199 --> 00:38:39,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Stella required
+that each witness make a sworn affidavit</font>
+
+555
+00:38:39,559 --> 00:38:41,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in front of a notary.</font>
+
+556
+00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:46,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] She came up with
+11 witness statements.</font>
+
+557
+00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:51,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This number and diversity of sources</font>
+
+558
+00:38:51,400 --> 00:38:53,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is something that would
+normally be referred to</font>
+
+559
+00:38:53,679 --> 00:38:56,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as clear and convincing evidence.</font>
+
+560
+00:38:56,360 --> 00:38:59,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is way beyond a shadow of a doubt.</font>
+
+561
+00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] When Stella Randolph
+published her book,</font>
+
+562
+00:39:04,119 --> 00:39:06,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she hoped Whitehead would be recognized</font>
+
+563
+00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:09,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the aviator who made
+the world's first flight.</font>
+
+564
+00:39:11,079 --> 00:39:16,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But she hadn't banked on Orville Wright
+and his powerful family and friends.</font>
+
+565
+00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:21,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When, in 1945,
+the Reader's Digest</font>
+
+566
+00:39:21,119 --> 00:39:24,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">referred to Whitehead
+as the man who flew first,</font>
+
+567
+00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:27,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one of Orville's friends was alarmed.</font>
+
+568
+00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:30,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] Reader's Digest, July, page 57.</font>
+
+569
+00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:34,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead. Feel this should be dynamited.</font>
+
+570
+00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:39,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] With much to lose
+in reputation,</font>
+
+571
+00:39:39,159 --> 00:39:42,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Orville set out to destroy
+the Whitehead story,</font>
+
+572
+00:39:43,199 --> 00:39:48,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">writing the influential 1945 article,
+"The Mythical Whitehead Flight."</font>
+
+573
+00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:54,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">First, Orville cherry-picked
+the one and only witness in Stella's book</font>
+
+574
+00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:57,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who said Whitehead hadn't flown.</font>
+
+575
+00:39:58,559 --> 00:40:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I, James Dickie, worked
+with the late Gustave Whitehead.</font>
+
+576
+00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:06,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] James Dickie was mentioned
+by name in the Bridgeport Sunday Herald</font>
+
+577
+00:40:06,360 --> 00:40:09,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as one of those present
+during the 14th of August flight.</font>
+
+578
+00:40:09,679 --> 00:40:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I believe the entire story
+in the Herald was imaginary.</font>
+
+579
+00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:17,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was not present and did not witness
+any aeroplane flight</font>
+
+580
+00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on August 14, 1901.</font>
+
+581
+00:40:22,199 --> 00:40:26,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Brown believes Dickie's
+statement should be dismissed.</font>
+
+582
+00:40:26,199 --> 00:40:29,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, the thing
+about Dickie's statement is</font>
+
+583
+00:40:29,119 --> 00:40:33,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that Dickie in the first few lines
+says, "No, I was not there."</font>
+
+584
+00:40:33,480 --> 00:40:34,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was not present.</font>
+
+585
+00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, somebody who was not there
+is not a witness.</font>
+
+586
+00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I believe the entire story
+in the Herald was imaginary.</font>
+
+587
+00:40:41,639 --> 00:40:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So, why did Mr. Dickie say this?</font>
+
+588
+00:40:45,119 --> 00:40:48,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, another thing Mr. Dickie said
+was that Whitehead owed him money</font>
+
+589
+00:40:48,440 --> 00:40:50,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and then had never repaid him.</font>
+
+590
+00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:57,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Orville's second attack</font>
+
+591
+00:40:57,920 --> 00:41:00,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">caused the most damage
+to Whitehead's reputation...</font>
+
+592
+00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:03,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centered on an unsigned statement</font>
+
+593
+00:41:03,639 --> 00:41:07,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attributed to Whitehead's
+former collaborator Stanley Beach.</font>
+
+594
+00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:10,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He paraphrased Beach saying...</font>
+
+595
+00:41:11,320 --> 00:41:13,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Orville] "Although Beach
+saw Whitehead frequently</font>
+
+596
+00:41:13,679 --> 00:41:17,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the years from 1901 to 1910,</font>
+
+597
+00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:20,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead never told him
+that he had flown.</font>
+
+598
+00:41:20,639 --> 00:41:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Beach has said that he does not believe</font>
+
+599
+00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that any of Whitehead's machines
+ever left the ground."</font>
+
+600
+00:41:30,840 --> 00:41:34,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Brown believes
+that Beach's statement is questionable</font>
+
+601
+00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:37,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because it directly contradicts
+articles published</font>
+
+602
+00:41:37,679 --> 00:41:41,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when Beach was aeronautical editor
+of Scientific American.</font>
+
+603
+00:41:42,480 --> 00:41:44,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] This is
+a very interesting article.</font>
+
+604
+00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's almost three months to the day
+before the Wrights claim</font>
+
+605
+00:41:47,599 --> 00:41:50,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to have flown on December 17th of 1903.</font>
+
+606
+00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:56,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What it tells us is that Whitehead
+attached this 10-horsepower motor</font>
+
+607
+00:41:56,679 --> 00:41:58,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to this glider.</font>
+
+608
+00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:01,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The plane was made to skim
+above the ground</font>
+
+609
+00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:05,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without the pilot touching the ground
+for about 350 yards,</font>
+
+610
+00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:07,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about 300 meters.</font>
+
+611
+00:42:09,800 --> 00:42:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] It appears that Beach changed
+his story about Whitehead's flights</font>
+
+612
+00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">after the two men
+publicly fell out in 1909.</font>
+
+613
+00:42:19,320 --> 00:42:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Conveniently, Orville's article
+never mentioned the 11 eyewitnesses</font>
+
+614
+00:42:24,079 --> 00:42:27,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quoted by Stella
+who did see Whitehead fly,</font>
+
+615
+00:42:27,480 --> 00:42:29,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and by the 1960s,</font>
+
+616
+00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:34,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a total of 17 eyewitnesses
+had attested to Whitehead's flights.</font>
+
+617
+00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:39,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the Smithsonian Institution
+remains unimpressed.</font>
+
+618
+00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:44,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We all know what problems there are
+with witness testimony,</font>
+
+619
+00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:47,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and I just discount the witness testimony.</font>
+
+620
+00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:50,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I, Anton Pruckner, was acquainted</font>
+
+621
+00:42:50,639 --> 00:42:52,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with the late Gustave Whitehead</font>
+
+622
+00:42:52,400 --> 00:42:53,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and was employed by him</font>
+
+623
+00:42:53,679 --> 00:42:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the construction of motors</font>
+
+624
+00:42:55,119 --> 00:42:57,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and heavier-than-air flying machines.</font>
+
+625
+00:42:57,599 --> 00:43:00,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Their memories were so vague.</font>
+
+626
+00:43:00,119 --> 00:43:03,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Uh, they weren't necessarily memories
+of a powered flight.</font>
+
+627
+00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:06,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was present and assisted on the occasion</font>
+
+628
+00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when Mr. Whitehead succeeded
+in flying his machine,</font>
+
+629
+00:43:09,599 --> 00:43:10,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">propelled by a motor.</font>
+
+630
+00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:13,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was present when Mr. Whitehead succeeded</font>
+
+631
+00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:16,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in flying his machine propelled by motor.</font>
+
+632
+00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:22,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The dates, uh, in many of those
+are mixed up.</font>
+
+633
+00:43:22,159 --> 00:43:24,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">14th of August 1901.</font>
+
+634
+00:43:24,480 --> 00:43:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">September or October 1901.</font>
+
+635
+00:43:30,360 --> 00:43:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] In his scathing article,</font>
+
+636
+00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:34,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Orville also attacked
+Howell's eyewitness account</font>
+
+637
+00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:36,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Whitehead's first flight.</font>
+
+638
+00:43:37,559 --> 00:43:40,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Orville] "The strangest part
+of all is that anyone should think</font>
+
+639
+00:43:40,840 --> 00:43:44,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that Howell's article
+should be taken as fact."</font>
+
+640
+00:43:45,360 --> 00:43:51,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think the article in the August 18th
+Bridgeport Sunday Herald</font>
+
+641
+00:43:51,159 --> 00:43:56,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">may have been Richard Howell
+listening to Whitehead talk</font>
+
+642
+00:43:56,840 --> 00:43:59,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and just putting it down on paper.</font>
+
+643
+00:43:59,480 --> 00:44:04,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It may well have been something like that,
+that just got out of hand.</font>
+
+644
+00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] But Brown disagrees.</font>
+
+645
+00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He believes the article
+and the later affidavits are reliable.</font>
+
+646
+00:44:14,119 --> 00:44:19,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] The evidence for Whitehead's
+first flight is overwhelming.</font>
+
+647
+00:44:19,920 --> 00:44:22,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Besides the chief editor
+of the local newspaper,</font>
+
+648
+00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are two other witnesses who confirm</font>
+
+649
+00:44:25,559 --> 00:44:29,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">having seen Whitehead fly
+on August 14th of 1901.</font>
+
+650
+00:44:30,199 --> 00:44:34,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We know now that all four
+competition newspapers in Bridgeport</font>
+
+651
+00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also reported Whitehead's first flight.</font>
+
+652
+00:44:38,679 --> 00:44:42,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man] "In 1901, he made a flight
+in an airship of the aeroplane type."</font>
+
+653
+00:44:44,960 --> 00:44:47,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"He has demonstrated
+that his machine can fly."</font>
+
+654
+00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"Mr. Whitehead made
+two successful flights recently.</font>
+
+655
+00:44:53,079 --> 00:44:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since that time, two more flights
+have been made."</font>
+
+656
+00:44:56,800 --> 00:44:58,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here's a very recent find.</font>
+
+657
+00:44:58,199 --> 00:45:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's the front page of
+the competing newspaper in Bridgeport,</font>
+
+658
+00:45:02,559 --> 00:45:05,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Bridgeport Evening Post.</font>
+
+659
+00:45:05,119 --> 00:45:09,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This article appears to be a description
+of Whitehead's second flight</font>
+
+660
+00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:12,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and confirms in another newspaper</font>
+
+661
+00:45:12,159 --> 00:45:15,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that Whitehead successfully flew
+at the Trotting Park</font>
+
+662
+00:45:16,000 --> 00:45:17,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the West End of Bridgeport.</font>
+
+663
+00:45:19,480 --> 00:45:22,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Brown has discovered
+nearly 300 syndicated articles</font>
+
+664
+00:45:22,480 --> 00:45:27,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">published around the world
+reporting Whitehead's 1901 flight.</font>
+
+665
+00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:33,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But 40 years after the event,
+Orville Wright's scathing article</font>
+
+666
+00:45:33,320 --> 00:45:34,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had its effect</font>
+
+667
+00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:38,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and helped to side-line
+the late German aviator,</font>
+
+668
+00:45:38,119 --> 00:45:40,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who threatened
+the Wright brothers' status.</font>
+
+669
+00:45:42,320 --> 00:45:45,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[fanfare plays]</font>
+
+670
+00:45:45,360 --> 00:45:47,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[newsreader] In Washington,
+the Kitty Hawk...</font>
+
+671
+00:45:47,119 --> 00:45:50,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] In 1948,
+the Smithsonian Institution</font>
+
+672
+00:45:50,199 --> 00:45:53,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the US government
+officially recognized the Wright brothers</font>
+
+673
+00:45:53,639 --> 00:45:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the world's first aviators.</font>
+
+674
+00:45:56,840 --> 00:46:01,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since then, the Wright brothers'
+1903 flyer has been the showpiece</font>
+
+675
+00:46:01,960 --> 00:46:05,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the Smithsonian's
+flagship aviation exhibition.</font>
+
+676
+00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Goldstone] The Wright brothers'
+achievement stands.</font>
+
+677
+00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But if Gustave Whitehead achieved
+a semblance of powered flight earlier,</font>
+
+678
+00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:15,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he should be recognized for that</font>
+
+679
+00:46:15,480 --> 00:46:19,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he should be recognized by America's
+pre-eminent scientific museum.</font>
+
+680
+00:46:22,159 --> 00:46:25,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] In 2013,
+Gustave Whitehead was recognized</font>
+
+681
+00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:29,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the first to achieve powered flight
+by both the state of Connecticut</font>
+
+682
+00:46:29,840 --> 00:46:34,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the world's oldest aviation journal,
+Jane's All the World's Aircraft.</font>
+
+683
+00:46:36,679 --> 00:46:40,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So why won't the Smithsonian
+consider Whitehead</font>
+
+684
+00:46:40,480 --> 00:46:43,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as a serious contender
+for the aviation crown?</font>
+
+685
+00:46:46,679 --> 00:46:52,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What the world didn't know is
+that in 1948, behind closed doors,</font>
+
+686
+00:46:52,440 --> 00:46:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Smithsonian entered into
+a special contract with the Wright estate.</font>
+
+687
+00:46:59,079 --> 00:47:04,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Revealed only because of a Freedom
+of Information request back in 1976,</font>
+
+688
+00:47:04,360 --> 00:47:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the contract stipulates that the museum
+must never claim</font>
+
+689
+00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:12,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that any other aircraft flew
+before the Wright brothers in 1903.</font>
+
+690
+00:47:14,840 --> 00:47:20,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This contract dictates what version
+of history the museum is allowed to state,</font>
+
+691
+00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it actually specifies
+that the U.S. national museum</font>
+
+692
+00:47:25,079 --> 00:47:30,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is never allowed to say that somebody else
+flew before the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+693
+00:47:30,159 --> 00:47:34,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think it's unfortunate that a great
+museum such as the Smithsonian</font>
+
+694
+00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:38,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would be contractually bound
+to what is perhaps a lie.</font>
+
+695
+00:47:40,320 --> 00:47:44,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] So long as the Smithsonian
+wishes to display the Wright flyer,</font>
+
+696
+00:47:44,159 --> 00:47:48,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a major drawcard to the museum,
+it remains bound by the contract.</font>
+
+697
+00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So how did this contract come into being?</font>
+
+698
+00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For 40 years, the Smithsonian
+had backed a plane</font>
+
+699
+00:47:56,880 --> 00:47:59,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">built by its former secretary,
+Samuel Langley,</font>
+
+700
+00:47:59,880 --> 00:48:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the first capable of flying.</font>
+
+701
+00:48:02,599 --> 00:48:06,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But following relentless pressure
+from Orville Wright to correct the record,</font>
+
+702
+00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:11,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Smithsonian finally caved in
+and the contract was signed.</font>
+
+703
+00:48:11,639 --> 00:48:16,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, I'm not a lawyer, I'm an historian,
+and when I look at the contract,</font>
+
+704
+00:48:16,800 --> 00:48:19,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what I see, um...</font>
+
+705
+00:48:20,440 --> 00:48:26,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is sort of an important monument
+to a moment in time,</font>
+
+706
+00:48:26,559 --> 00:48:30,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">uh, having nothing to do with
+other first flight claimants</font>
+
+707
+00:48:30,639 --> 00:48:35,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but having to do with those years
+when the Smithsonian, um,</font>
+
+708
+00:48:35,360 --> 00:48:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was, in fact, not playing fair
+at all to the Wrights.</font>
+
+709
+00:48:43,480 --> 00:48:46,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] So will the Institution
+ever scrap the contract,</font>
+
+710
+00:48:46,559 --> 00:48:50,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paving the way for a truly independent
+assessment of history?</font>
+
+711
+00:48:51,639 --> 00:48:56,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whether the Smithsonian were ever to
+reject the contract is above my pay grade,</font>
+
+712
+00:48:56,840 --> 00:48:59,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but if it was my decision,
+I wouldn't do it.</font>
+
+713
+00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:09,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Goldstone] If the price of telling
+the truth is losing the Wright Flyer,</font>
+
+714
+00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:11,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to me, a museum tells the truth.</font>
+
+715
+00:49:11,679 --> 00:49:13,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-Release!
+-[engine whirring]</font>
+
+716
+00:49:15,000 --> 00:49:19,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Whatever the final judgement
+on Gustave Whitehead's flights,</font>
+
+717
+00:49:19,199 --> 00:49:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">his recorded words were prophetic.</font>
+
+718
+00:49:23,480 --> 00:49:26,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[man as Gustave] I have no doubt
+flying machines will be</font>
+
+719
+00:49:26,320 --> 00:49:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as common as automobiles
+in a few years' time.</font>
+
+720
+00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And before you and I are old men,</font>
+
+721
+00:49:31,480 --> 00:49:35,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there will be more travelling through
+the air than there are on land or water.</font>
+
+722
+00:49:41,320 --> 00:49:43,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] But back in 1902,</font>
+
+723
+00:49:43,440 --> 00:49:47,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Whitehead needed money
+to make his plane commercially viable.</font>
+
+724
+00:49:48,159 --> 00:49:52,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Unlike the Wright brothers,
+he was unlucky in business.</font>
+
+725
+00:49:52,480 --> 00:49:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">An investor called in the loan.</font>
+
+726
+00:49:54,559 --> 00:49:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Markopf! This is my shop!</font>
+
+727
+00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:03,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Locked out of his workshop,
+Whitehead never fully recovered.</font>
+
+728
+00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:14,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">By the time Stella Randolph
+was researching her book</font>
+
+729
+00:50:14,639 --> 00:50:17,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the lost flights of Gustave Whitehead,</font>
+
+730
+00:50:17,360 --> 00:50:21,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the German aviator had disappeared
+into the fog of history.</font>
+
+731
+00:50:24,199 --> 00:50:28,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He spent the later years of his life
+constructing aviation engines.</font>
+
+732
+00:50:29,079 --> 00:50:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 1927, Whitehead died
+in relative obscurity</font>
+
+733
+00:50:33,480 --> 00:50:36,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and was buried
+in an unmarked pauper's grave.</font>
+
+734
+00:50:38,800 --> 00:50:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And so we are left with the story
+of the Wright brothers.</font>
+
+735
+00:50:45,480 --> 00:50:48,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When they first flew
+in front of a movie camera,</font>
+
+736
+00:50:48,159 --> 00:50:51,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we have believed their version of history,</font>
+
+737
+00:50:51,599 --> 00:50:57,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the Wright brothers flew first
+at Kitty Hawk in 1903.</font>
+
+738
+00:50:59,880 --> 00:51:04,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Today, the standing of the Wrights
+is as formidable as ever,</font>
+
+739
+00:51:04,480 --> 00:51:07,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">handed down through generations...</font>
+
+740
+00:51:07,840 --> 00:51:13,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...achieved by dauntless resolution
+and unconquerable faith.</font>
+
+741
+00:51:13,159 --> 00:51:16,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] ...and protected
+by a contract signed</font>
+
+742
+00:51:16,480 --> 00:51:21,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by the Smithsonian secretary on behalf
+of the United States of America.</font>
+
+743
+00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:28,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If somebody ever came up
+with creditable evidence that I could buy,</font>
+
+744
+00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that someone had flown
+before the Wrights, I'd admit it.</font>
+
+745
+00:51:35,320 --> 00:51:38,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Brown] Seven separate flights
+have been documented</font>
+
+746
+00:51:38,159 --> 00:51:40,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in contemporary newspapers and magazines,</font>
+
+747
+00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:44,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">predating the Wright's
+first claimed flight.</font>
+
+748
+00:51:44,400 --> 00:51:48,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have the 17 witness
+or testimonial sources.</font>
+
+749
+00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:52,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is way beyond a shadow of a doubt.</font>
+
+750
+00:51:53,880 --> 00:51:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The current history of aviation
+needs to be re-evaluated.</font>
+
+751
+00:51:58,920 --> 00:52:01,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[narrator] Who flew first?</font>
+
+752
+00:52:01,639 --> 00:52:05,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Eighty years after
+Stella Randolph's investigations,</font>
+
+753
+00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:09,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the battle lines remain clearly drawn
+between two camps.</font>
+
+754
+00:52:09,639 --> 00:52:15,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At stake is the truth
+and a fundamental principle...</font>
+
+755
+00:52:15,360 --> 00:52:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">credit where credit is due.</font>
+

subtitle/UIvP4xyw9H8.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+1
+00:00:01,860 --> 00:00:04,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blessing</font>
+
+2
+00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:07,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+3
+00:00:10,630 --> 00:00:14,999
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:19,130 --> 00:00:22,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+5
+00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:26,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no</font>
+
+6
+00:00:22,939 --> 00:00:26,539
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shut on [ __ ]</font>
+
+7
+00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:33,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+8
+00:00:30,199 --> 00:00:33,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was crazy</font>
+
+9
+00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:43,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+10
+00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:43,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh you are nice</font>
+
+11
+00:00:44,370 --> 00:00:49,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+12
+00:00:47,399 --> 00:00:49,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where</font>
+
+13
+00:00:50,899 --> 00:00:55,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they are blinded [ __ ]</font>
+
+14
+00:01:02,039 --> 00:01:05,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">control</font>
+
+15
+00:01:12,799 --> 00:01:17,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do you want free CS go Skins on</font>
+
+16
+00:01:15,299 --> 00:01:19,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">freecash.com you can earn CS go Skins</font>
+
+17
+00:01:17,340 --> 00:01:21,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crypto PayPal money and way more for</font>
+
+18
+00:01:19,380 --> 00:01:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">completely free on this site you do</font>
+
+19
+00:01:21,119 --> 00:01:23,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">various different things to earn money</font>
+
+20
+00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:25,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">like completing surveys or downloading</font>
+
+21
+00:01:23,820 --> 00:01:27,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">games like this one for example you can</font>
+
+22
+00:01:25,439 --> 00:01:29,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">earn over 51 just for downloading the</font>
+
+23
+00:01:27,479 --> 00:01:30,658
+<font color="white" size=".72c">game and completing a few simple tasks</font>
+
+24
+00:01:29,039 --> 00:01:32,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and on average users cash out at least</font>
+
+25
+00:01:30,658 --> 00:01:34,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">twenty dollars per day free cash is also</font>
+
+26
+00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doing a 500 000 World Cup event where</font>
+
+27
+00:01:34,380 --> 00:01:36,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can predict the outcome of matches</font>
+
+28
+00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:38,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to win money and believe it or not</font>
+
+29
+00:01:36,900 --> 00:01:40,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anybody can play for free also you can</font>
+
+30
+00:01:38,820 --> 00:01:42,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">open a free case just for typing in my</font>
+
+31
+00:01:40,439 --> 00:01:43,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">code Zone on the rewards section so if</font>
+
+32
+00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you like free money make sure to click</font>
+
+33
+00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:48,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the link in the description</font>
+
+34
+00:01:45,420 --> 00:01:48,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flashback</font>
+
+35
+00:01:52,500 --> 00:02:00,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+36
+00:02:02,530 --> 00:02:06,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+37
+00:02:08,239 --> 00:02:12,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right I got the play here I got the</font>
+
+38
+00:02:10,739 --> 00:02:14,459
+<font color="white" size=".72c">player nobody panic everyone calm down</font>
+
+39
+00:02:12,420 --> 00:02:17,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no one moves no one moves I got us I got</font>
+
+40
+00:02:14,459 --> 00:02:17,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">us team I got us</font>
+
+41
+00:02:22,459 --> 00:02:25,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I told you</font>
+
+42
+00:02:26,380 --> 00:02:36,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+43
+00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:48,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I love you so much oh I love you too man</font>
+
+44
+00:02:46,079 --> 00:02:48,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">holy</font>
+
+45
+00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:55,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no seriously it's bigger than black and</font>
+
+46
+00:02:54,300 --> 00:02:58,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white</font>
+
+47
+00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:00,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+48
+00:02:58,019 --> 00:03:04,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come on oh [ __ ]</font>
+
+49
+00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:06,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+50
+00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm not cheating</font>
+
+51
+00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:10,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+52
+00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:16,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch this I'm gonna suck his balls</font>
+
+53
+00:03:12,860 --> 00:03:16,009
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+54
+00:03:18,120 --> 00:03:23,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm not cheating you can't</font>
+
+55
+00:03:20,090 --> 00:03:23,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+56
+00:03:25,940 --> 00:03:30,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I mean there wasn't any energy to begin</font>
+
+57
+00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:30,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with</font>
+
+58
+00:03:33,780 --> 00:03:36,379
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yes</font>
+
+59
+00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:42,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+60
+00:03:45,590 --> 00:03:59,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+61
+00:03:57,319 --> 00:04:01,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guys make sure to join my Discord server</font>
+
+62
+00:03:59,819 --> 00:04:03,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm going to do some knife giveaways in</font>
+
+63
+00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there soon it's discord.gg Zone okay</font>
+
+64
+00:04:03,900 --> 00:04:09,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">join give it to him okay</font>
+
+65
+00:04:12,080 --> 00:04:16,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you know I'm trying to determine whether</font>
+
+66
+00:04:14,099 --> 00:04:16,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he's the real life</font>
+
+67
+00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank you</font>
+
+68
+00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:32,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+69
+00:04:24,630 --> 00:04:32,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+70
+00:04:38,900 --> 00:04:42,029
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+71
+00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:50,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">please forgive me</font>
+
+72
+00:04:46,940 --> 00:04:50,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+73
+00:04:50,730 --> 00:04:55,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+74
+00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh he's dead now</font>
+
+75
+00:05:00,740 --> 00:05:03,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+76
+00:05:05,840 --> 00:05:10,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh my God what the [ __ ]</font>
+
+77
+00:05:08,940 --> 00:05:12,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was reading the chat</font>
+
+78
+00:05:10,940 --> 00:05:15,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think I'd have been hopping literally</font>
+
+79
+00:05:12,840 --> 00:05:15,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three weeks</font>
+
+80
+00:05:17,290 --> 00:05:23,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+81
+00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:23,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh my God oh my God</font>
+
+82
+00:05:25,199 --> 00:05:28,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">um</font>
+
+83
+00:05:25,979 --> 00:05:36,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh oh my God oh my God</font>
+
+84
+00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:41,659
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+85
+00:05:36,919 --> 00:05:43,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're actually so lost no no</font>
+
+86
+00:05:41,659 --> 00:05:45,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm not gonna lie to you guys I wasn't a</font>
+
+87
+00:05:43,620 --> 00:05:48,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mad at him and we all saw that so we can</font>
+
+88
+00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go ahead and I'll admit it I cheat</font>
+
+89
+00:05:48,590 --> 00:05:55,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+90
+00:05:52,940 --> 00:05:57,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was not aiming at that guy at all the</font>
+
+91
+00:05:55,020 --> 00:05:59,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Aimbot today is getting out of hand</font>
+
+92
+00:05:57,900 --> 00:05:59,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">s</font>
+
+93
+00:06:01,860 --> 00:06:04,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+94
+00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:14,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">secret one secret one</font>
+
+95
+00:06:11,490 --> 00:06:14,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+96
+00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:22,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+97
+00:06:25,180 --> 00:06:35,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+98
+00:06:35,699 --> 00:06:40,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">celebration</font>
+
+99
+00:06:36,510 --> 00:06:40,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+100
+00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+101
+00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of ammo what are you gonna do now oh</font>
+
+102
+00:06:52,979 --> 00:06:55,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[ __ ]</font>
+
+103
+00:06:56,819 --> 00:07:02,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">500 a Jar of Hearts</font>
+
+104
+00:07:02,780 --> 00:07:06,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">always flexing</font>
+
+105
+00:07:07,919 --> 00:07:10,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+106
+00:07:16,290 --> 00:07:27,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+107
+00:07:43,259 --> 00:08:00,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's look</font>
+
+108
+00:07:46,340 --> 00:08:03,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+109
+00:08:00,919 --> 00:08:15,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">s yeah</font>
+
+110
+00:08:03,070 --> 00:08:15,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+111
+00:08:18,259 --> 00:08:22,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's a terrorists with</font>
+
+112
+00:08:22,860 --> 00:08:25,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it</font>
+
+113
+00:08:28,740 --> 00:08:31,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bro</font>
+
+114
+00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:39,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+115
+00:08:45,390 --> 00:08:50,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+116
+00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+117
+00:08:56,710 --> 00:09:03,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+118
+00:09:05,870 --> 00:09:19,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+119
+00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he really did just toy with that dude</font>
+
+120
+00:09:27,420 --> 00:09:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I love toying with you</font>
+
+121
+00:09:34,740 --> 00:09:37,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they're talking about me like I'm not</font>
+
+122
+00:09:36,060 --> 00:09:41,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here</font>
+
+123
+00:09:37,519 --> 00:09:41,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how is he doing stuff like that</font>
+
+124
+00:09:42,899 --> 00:09:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hello</font>
+
+125
+00:09:45,420 --> 00:09:49,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what the [ __ ]</font>
+
+126
+00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[ __ ] on purple</font>
+
+127
+00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">slime</font>
+
+128
+00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:02,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">foreign</font>
+
+129
+00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:24,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+130
+00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:35,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+131
+00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:45,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dumb idiot</font>
+
+132
+00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:51,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shut the [ __ ] up</font>
+
+133
+00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:53,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay</font>
+
+134
+00:10:51,260 --> 00:10:55,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can't say that after I hit a clip</font>
+
+135
+00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:55,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bro</font>
+

subtitle/URUJD5NEXC8.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+1
+00:00:08,870 --> 00:00:12,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cells are the smallest living units of
+an organism.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:16,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All cells have three things in
+common</font>
+
+3
+00:00:16,439 --> 00:00:18,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no matter what type of cell they are.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:19,220 --> 00:00:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All cells have a cell membrane which separates the
+inside the cell from its environment,</font>
+
+5
+00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:29,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like fluid,</font>
+
+6
+00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:32,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and DNA which is the cell's genetic
+material.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:37,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are two broad categories of cells.</font>
+
+8
+00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The first category is eukaryotic cells.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:44,790
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They have organelles</font>
+
+10
+00:00:44,790 --> 00:00:47,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which include the nucleus and other
+special parts.</font>
+
+11
+00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Eukaryotic cells are more advanced,
+complex cells</font>
+
+12
+00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:55,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as those found in plants and
+animals.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:57,310 --> 00:01:00,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The second category is prokaryotic
+cells.</font>
+
+14
+00:01:00,940 --> 00:01:04,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They don't have a nucleus or membrane
+enclosed organelles.</font>
+
+15
+00:01:04,780 --> 00:01:09,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They do have genetic material but it's
+not contained within a nucleus.</font>
+
+16
+00:01:09,980 --> 00:01:13,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Prokaryotic cells are always one celled,</font>
+
+17
+00:01:13,090 --> 00:01:16,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or unicellular organisms, such as
+bacteria.</font>
+
+18
+00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So what are organelles?</font>
+
+19
+00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:25,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Organelle means "little organ."</font>
+
+20
+00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:31,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Organelles are the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:32,860 --> 00:01:36,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's start with the nucleus, the
+control center of the cell.</font>
+
+22
+00:01:38,670 --> 00:01:42,570
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The nucleus contains DNA or genetic
+material.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:43,180 --> 00:01:46,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">DNA dictates what the cell is going
+to do</font>
+
+24
+00:01:46,060 --> 00:01:48,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and how it's going to do it.</font>
+
+25
+00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:53,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Chromatin the tangled, spread out form of DNA
+found inside the nuclear membrane.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:56,380 --> 00:01:58,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When a cell is ready to divide</font>
+
+27
+00:01:58,340 --> 00:02:02,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">DNA condenses into structures known as
+chromosomes.</font>
+
+28
+00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:10,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The nucleus also contains a nucleolus,</font>
+
+29
+00:02:10,820 --> 00:02:13,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which is a structure where ribosomes
+are made.</font>
+
+30
+00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:19,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After ribosomes leave the nucleus</font>
+
+31
+00:02:19,140 --> 00:02:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they will have the important job  of "synthesizing",</font>
+
+32
+00:02:21,880 --> 00:02:24,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or making, proteins.</font>
+
+33
+00:02:27,870 --> 00:02:31,910
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Outside the nucleus the ribosomes and
+the rest of the organelles</font>
+
+34
+00:02:31,910 --> 00:02:35,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">float around in cytoplasm, which is the
+jelly-like substance.</font>
+
+35
+00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:41,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Ribosomes may wander freely within
+the cytoplasm</font>
+
+36
+00:02:42,340 --> 00:02:48,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or attach to the endoplasmic
+reticulum, sometimes abbreviated as ER.</font>
+
+37
+00:02:48,680 --> 00:02:50,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are two types of ER:</font>
+
+38
+00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:54,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rough ER has ribosomes attached to it</font>
+
+39
+00:02:54,150 --> 00:02:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and smooth ER doesn't have
+ribosomes attached to it.</font>
+
+40
+00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:02,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The endoplasmic reticulum</font>
+
+41
+00:03:02,550 --> 00:03:06,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a membrane enclosed passageway for
+transporting materials</font>
+
+42
+00:03:06,330 --> 00:03:09,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as the proteins synthesized by
+ribosomes.</font>
+
+43
+00:03:12,100 --> 00:03:14,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Proteins and other materials</font>
+
+44
+00:03:14,100 --> 00:03:16,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum</font>
+
+45
+00:03:16,850 --> 00:03:18,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in small vesicles</font>
+
+46
+00:03:20,150 --> 00:03:23,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body</font>
+
+47
+00:03:23,810 --> 00:03:25,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">receives them.</font>
+
+48
+00:03:26,959 --> 00:03:31,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As proteins move through the Golgi body
+they're customized</font>
+
+49
+00:03:31,010 --> 00:03:33,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into forms that the cell can use.</font>
+
+50
+00:03:35,870 --> 00:03:40,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Golgi body does this by folding the
+proteins into usable shapes.</font>
+
+51
+00:03:40,230 --> 00:03:43,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or adding other materials on to them</font>
+
+52
+00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:44,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as lipids</font>
+
+53
+00:03:45,700 --> 00:03:47,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or carbohydrates</font>
+
+54
+00:03:50,220 --> 00:03:54,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Vacuoles are sac-like structures that store
+different materials.</font>
+
+55
+00:03:54,950 --> 00:03:59,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here, in this plant cell, the central vacuole stores water.</font>
+
+56
+00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Going back to the animal cell,</font>
+
+57
+00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:08,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you'll see an organelle called a lysosome.</font>
+
+58
+00:04:08,700 --> 00:04:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lysosomes are the garbage collectors</font>
+
+59
+00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:14,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that take in damaged or worn out cell parts.</font>
+
+60
+00:04:15,090 --> 00:04:19,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They are filled with enzymes that break
+down this cellular debris.</font>
+
+61
+00:04:20,860 --> 00:04:24,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The mitochondrion in is an organelle
+that is the powerhouse for both</font>
+
+62
+00:04:24,910 --> 00:04:26,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">animal and plant cells.</font>
+
+63
+00:04:28,330 --> 00:04:31,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">During a process called cellular respiration</font>
+
+64
+00:04:31,590 --> 00:04:34,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the mitochondria make ATP molecules</font>
+
+65
+00:04:34,620 --> 00:04:37,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that provide the energy for all the
+cells activities.</font>
+
+66
+00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:41,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cells that need more energy</font>
+
+67
+00:04:41,900 --> 00:04:43,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have more mitochondria.</font>
+
+68
+00:04:46,229 --> 00:04:49,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Meanwhile the cell maintains its shape</font>
+
+69
+00:04:49,600 --> 00:04:51,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through a cytoskeleton.</font>
+
+70
+00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:55,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The cytoskeleton includes the thread-like microfilaments</font>
+
+71
+00:04:55,700 --> 00:04:57,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which are made of protein</font>
+
+72
+00:04:58,420 --> 00:05:02,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and microtubules which are thin hollow tubes</font>
+
+73
+00:05:05,180 --> 00:05:06,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some organisms</font>
+
+74
+00:05:06,430 --> 00:05:10,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such as plans that are photoautotrophic</font>
+
+75
+00:05:10,460 --> 00:05:12,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meaning they capture sunlight for energy</font>
+
+76
+00:05:16,260 --> 00:05:19,340
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have cells with an organelle called
+a chloroplast.</font>
+
+77
+00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:23,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The chloroplast is where
+photosynthesis happens</font>
+
+78
+00:05:23,570 --> 00:05:26,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's green because it has a green
+pigment called</font>
+
+79
+00:05:26,810 --> 00:05:28,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chlorophyll.</font>
+
+80
+00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:34,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Plant cells also have a cell wall
+outside of their cell membranes</font>
+
+81
+00:05:34,830 --> 00:05:38,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that shape, support, and protect the plant cell.</font>
+
+82
+00:05:39,260 --> 00:05:42,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Animal cells never have a cell wall</font>
+
+83
+00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:47,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are many other unique
+structures that only some cells have.</font>
+
+84
+00:05:48,530 --> 00:05:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here are just a few.</font>
+
+85
+00:05:50,100 --> 00:05:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In humans, for example, the respiratory tract is lined with cells that have cilia.</font>
+
+86
+00:05:56,460 --> 00:05:59,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These are microscopic
+hair-like projections</font>
+
+87
+00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:01,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that can move in waves.</font>
+
+88
+00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:08,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This feature helps trap inhaled particles in the air and expels them when you cough.</font>
+
+89
+00:06:12,009 --> 00:06:15,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Another unique feature in some cells is flagella.</font>
+
+90
+00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:18,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some bacteria have flagella.</font>
+
+91
+00:06:18,049 --> 00:06:23,779
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A flagellum is like a little tail that
+can help a cell move or propel itself.</font>
+
+92
+00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The only human cell that has a flagellum</font>
+
+93
+00:06:27,820 --> 00:06:29,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is a sperm cell.</font>
+
+94
+00:06:31,549 --> 00:06:33,469
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In summary remember:</font>
+
+95
+00:06:34,340 --> 00:06:40,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles</font>
+
+96
+00:06:42,540 --> 00:06:47,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without these things.</font>
+
+97
+00:06:49,700 --> 00:06:54,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material.</font>
+
+98
+00:06:56,799 --> 00:06:59,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And even though only plant cells have
+chloroplasts</font>
+
+99
+00:06:59,839 --> 00:07:03,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">both plant and animal cells have mitochondria.</font>
+

subtitle/V9fsOaa97F4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+1
+00:00:00,333 --> 00:00:03,036
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,036 --> 00:00:03,903
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Aye!</font>
+
+3
+00:00:03,903 --> 00:00:05,071
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+4
+00:00:05,071 --> 00:00:05,872
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check ball.</font>
+
+5
+00:00:05,872 --> 00:00:08,041
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+6
+00:00:08,041 --> 00:00:09,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yeah! Check up.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:09,409 --> 00:00:11,411
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+8
+00:00:11,411 --> 00:00:13,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's go. Check ball.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:13,279 --> 00:00:20,887
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+10
+00:00:20,887 --> 00:00:21,988
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In there!</font>
+
+11
+00:00:21,988 --> 00:00:27,394
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+12
+00:00:27,394 --> 00:00:28,361
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Man, come on. Check.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:28,361 --> 00:00:28,828
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:28,828 --> 00:00:29,262
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kai.</font>
+
+15
+00:00:29,262 --> 00:00:30,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check!</font>
+
+16
+00:00:30,764 --> 00:00:31,731
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's nasty.</font>
+
+17
+00:00:31,731 --> 00:00:32,265
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What?</font>
+
+18
+00:00:32,265 --> 00:00:33,233
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check ball!</font>
+
+19
+00:00:33,233 --> 00:00:34,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+20
+00:00:34,300 --> 00:00:36,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's see what you got.</font>
+
+21
+00:00:36,269 --> 00:00:39,406
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+22
+00:00:39,406 --> 00:00:41,174
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kobe!</font>
+
+23
+00:00:41,975 --> 00:00:43,777
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let's go!
+Take it to the hole!</font>
+
+24
+00:00:43,777 --> 00:00:45,745
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check cleared!
+The check cleared!</font>
+
+25
+00:00:46,579 --> 00:00:47,814
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh, let’s go!</font>
+
+26
+00:00:47,814 --> 00:00:48,748
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yeah!</font>
+
+27
+00:00:48,748 --> 00:00:50,417
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+
+28
+00:00:50,417 --> 00:00:51,451
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Run it back, run it back.</font>
+
+29
+00:00:51,451 --> 00:00:52,585
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check up.</font>
+
+30
+00:00:54,921 --> 00:00:55,855
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Oh, you serious?</font>
+
+31
+00:00:55,855 --> 00:00:56,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let’s go.</font>
+
+32
+00:00:56,689 --> 00:00:57,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Check.</font>
+
+33
+00:00:57,490 --> 00:00:59,893
+<font color="white" size=".72c">♪</font>
+

subtitle/WTQ7_e8bnfM.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we will find our own way take control of</font>
+
+2
+00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our faith</font>
+
+3
+00:00:09,780 --> 00:00:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and we'll be back one day</font>
+
+5
+00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:30,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+6
+00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:41,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we'll be back one day</font>
+
+7
+00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:44,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+8
+00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I never really want to Hope</font>
+

subtitle/WmVLcj-XKnM.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+1
+00:00:03,720 --> 00:00:06,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some call me nature.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:11,460 --> 00:00:15,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Others call me “Mother Nature.”</font>
+
+3
+00:00:17,540 --> 00:00:22,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I’ve been here for over 4.5 billion years.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:28,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">22,500 times longer than you.</font>
+
+5
+00:00:29,740 --> 00:00:32,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don’t really need people.</font>
+
+6
+00:00:32,580 --> 00:00:34,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But people need me.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:38,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, your future depends on me.</font>
+
+8
+00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:40,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When I thrive,</font>
+
+9
+00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:41,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you thrive.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:44,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When I falter,</font>
+
+11
+00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:46,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you falter.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:49,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Or worse.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:55,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But I’ve been here for eons.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:55,900 --> 00:00:58,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have fed species greater than you.</font>
+
+15
+00:00:58,760 --> 00:01:03,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And I have starved species greater than you.</font>
+
+16
+00:01:04,420 --> 00:01:06,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My oceans.</font>
+
+17
+00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:08,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My soil.</font>
+
+18
+00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:11,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My flowing streams.</font>
+
+19
+00:01:11,580 --> 00:01:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My forests.</font>
+
+20
+00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:17,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They all can take you.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:18,460 --> 00:01:20,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Or leave you.</font>
+
+22
+00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:23,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How you choose to live each day,</font>
+
+23
+00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:26,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">whether you regard or disregard me,</font>
+
+24
+00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:28,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doesn’t really matter to me.</font>
+
+25
+00:01:29,260 --> 00:01:30,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One way.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:30,620 --> 00:01:31,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Or the other.</font>
+
+27
+00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:35,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Your actions will determine your fate.</font>
+
+28
+00:01:35,140 --> 00:01:36,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not mine.</font>
+
+29
+00:01:36,259 --> 00:01:37,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I am nature.</font>
+
+30
+00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:38,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I will go on.</font>
+
+31
+00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:42,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I am prepared to evolve.</font>
+
+32
+00:01:44,380 --> 00:01:46,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Are you?</font>
+

subtitle/ZP-Y2S750KY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,968 @@
+1
+00:00:03,360 --> 00:00:10,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:14,360 --> 00:00:21,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I want to pet</font>
+
+3
+00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:21,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goats it lights me like a second</font>
+
+4
+00:00:26,100 --> 00:00:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+5
+00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again</font>
+
+6
+00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this just</font>
+
+7
+00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened this just</font>
+
+8
+00:00:42,580 --> 00:00:48,949
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+9
+00:00:53,840 --> 00:01:00,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+10
+00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:05,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">happened</font>
+
+11
+00:01:00,330 --> 00:01:07,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+12
+00:01:05,799 --> 00:01:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh that feels</font>
+
+13
+00:01:07,150 --> 00:01:30,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+14
+00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:33,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">good</font>
+
+15
+00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:33,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+16
+00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:38,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come on come on</font>
+
+17
+00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joies come on</font>
+
+18
+00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joies come on</font>
+
+19
+00:01:42,399 --> 00:01:45,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">joies</font>
+
+20
+00:01:44,830 --> 00:01:48,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+21
+00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:48,509
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+22
+00:01:58,840 --> 00:02:01,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fall</font>
+
+23
+00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fore</font>
+
+24
+00:02:13,519 --> 00:02:16,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+25
+00:02:21,250 --> 00:02:28,389
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+26
+00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ay</font>
+
+27
+00:02:44,980 --> 00:02:55,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+28
+00:02:59,230 --> 00:03:02,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+29
+00:03:02,370 --> 00:03:12,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+30
+00:03:15,690 --> 00:03:56,860
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+31
+00:03:57,599 --> 00:04:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ti ti ti</font>
+
+32
+00:04:02,210 --> 00:04:05,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+33
+00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:27,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank</font>
+
+34
+00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+35
+00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Atari thanks okay thanks yeah thanks</font>
+
+36
+00:04:30,680 --> 00:04:32,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thank</font>
+
+37
+00:04:34,199 --> 00:04:42,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you I got to get food now all that</font>
+
+38
+00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:44,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">night what what can I do for you but</font>
+
+39
+00:04:42,199 --> 00:04:47,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what I'm trying to help</font>
+
+40
+00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:51,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you you guys are</font>
+
+41
+00:04:47,479 --> 00:04:51,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hungry yeah</font>
+
+42
+00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:58,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay hi little</font>
+
+43
+00:04:56,240 --> 00:05:01,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kitty</font>
+
+44
+00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:04,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hello</font>
+
+45
+00:05:01,470 --> 00:05:04,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+46
+00:05:07,660 --> 00:05:24,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+47
+00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:31,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what that</font>
+
+48
+00:05:34,850 --> 00:05:49,649
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+49
+00:05:58,479 --> 00:06:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah</font>
+
+50
+00:06:01,039 --> 00:06:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jumbo the baby elephants how old are</font>
+
+51
+00:06:20,639 --> 00:06:27,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they you guys got to get off the road</font>
+
+52
+00:06:23,199 --> 00:06:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come on come on you got to get off the</font>
+
+53
+00:06:27,599 --> 00:06:34,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">road where's your mama</font>
+
+54
+00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:38,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you got get up come on guys where's your</font>
+
+55
+00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:38,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mama oh my</font>
+
+56
+00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God</font>
+
+57
+00:06:40,319 --> 00:06:46,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sit</font>
+
+58
+00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:46,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down good</font>
+
+59
+00:06:48,170 --> 00:06:51,308
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+60
+00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:01,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">turn</font>
+
+61
+00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:12,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not that he's going to be one but I'm</font>
+
+62
+00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">videoing to want to help oh thank you he</font>
+
+63
+00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:16,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">started kicking around like I</font>
+
+64
+00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:33,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got need to jump a little higher</font>
+
+65
+00:07:30,319 --> 00:07:33,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you can do it Penguin</font>
+
+66
+00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Jump there you</font>
+
+67
+00:07:37,599 --> 00:07:44,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go there you</font>
+
+68
+00:07:40,120 --> 00:07:44,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go I got a penguin standing on my</font>
+
+69
+00:07:46,159 --> 00:07:49,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">belly what are you</font>
+
+70
+00:07:54,159 --> 00:07:57,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">doing</font>
+
+71
+00:07:58,319 --> 00:08:01,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">little</font>
+
+72
+00:08:09,879 --> 00:08:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hey what are you doing you</font>
+
+73
+00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:18,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">goober it's not food I don't have food</font>
+
+74
+00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in</font>
+
+75
+00:08:18,280 --> 00:08:22,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there nope don't Le food</font>
+
+76
+00:08:22,479 --> 00:08:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">either oh too you're crazy you're crazy</font>
+
+77
+00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">baby</font>
+
+78
+00:08:31,479 --> 00:08:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm going with it I'm going with it oh</font>
+
+79
+00:08:34,110 --> 00:09:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+80
+00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah</font>
+
+81
+00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:16,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+82
+00:09:13,959 --> 00:09:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all right all right</font>
+
+83
+00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relax</font>
+
+84
+00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:28,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">relax me</font>
+
+85
+00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+86
+00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when</font>
+
+87
+00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:54,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+88
+00:10:00,460 --> 00:10:03,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+89
+00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:35,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+90
+00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:56,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+91
+00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:09,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+92
+00:10:59,980 --> 00:11:09,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+93
+00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:12,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh my</font>
+
+94
+00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God</font>
+
+95
+00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:15,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+96
+00:11:17,020 --> 00:11:24,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+97
+00:11:27,959 --> 00:11:30,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what</font>
+
+98
+00:11:37,320 --> 00:11:39,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right behind</font>
+
+99
+00:11:57,959 --> 00:12:00,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+100
+00:12:14,680 --> 00:12:17,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+101
+00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:33,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a</font>
+
+102
+00:12:30,430 --> 00:12:33,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+103
+00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:41,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just to</font>
+
+104
+00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:54,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">switch</font>
+
+105
+00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">God oh that's my scarf yeah you're</font>
+
+106
+00:12:54,079 --> 00:12:57,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eating it no</font>
+
+107
+00:12:57,839 --> 00:13:00,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no</font>
+
+108
+00:13:01,720 --> 00:13:06,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">watch me come on</font>
+
+109
+00:13:14,120 --> 00:13:17,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pleas</font>
+
+110
+00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:27,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+111
+00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:29,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again love he's enjoying this he's 24</font>
+
+112
+00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:31,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kilos</font>
+
+113
+00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+114
+00:13:31,839 --> 00:13:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">heavy miss you can try with the other</font>
+
+115
+00:13:34,600 --> 00:13:39,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one he's</font>
+
+116
+00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:39,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ler wa</font>
+
+117
+00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:45,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+118
+00:13:53,090 --> 00:14:00,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+119
+00:13:57,759 --> 00:14:00,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yoo</font>
+
+120
+00:14:00,910 --> 00:14:26,330
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+121
+00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:30,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">w</font>
+
+122
+00:14:32,300 --> 00:14:49,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+123
+00:14:56,839 --> 00:15:00,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I I I</font>
+
+124
+00:15:11,740 --> 00:15:16,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+125
+00:15:18,820 --> 00:15:29,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+126
+00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:35,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">w</font>
+
+127
+00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:35,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+128
+00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:38,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+129
+00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:01,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ohow</font>
+
+130
+00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:03,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">what</font>
+
+131
+00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:18,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hi it's</font>
+
+132
+00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:18,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+133
+00:16:27,519 --> 00:16:30,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recording</font>
+
+134
+00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hey where's my fan</font>
+
+135
+00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:01,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">club hi</font>
+
+136
+00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:07,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hi okay you have to go back with your</font>
+
+137
+00:17:17,329 --> 00:17:20,388
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+138
+00:17:25,660 --> 00:17:29,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+139
+00:17:27,400 --> 00:17:33,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mama</font>
+
+140
+00:17:29,230 --> 00:17:33,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+141
+00:18:15,559 --> 00:18:18,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are you</font>
+
+142
+00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:23,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to oh you're angry you don't like your</font>
+
+143
+00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:23,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Christmas</font>
+
+144
+00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:30,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sweater</font>
+
+145
+00:18:30,690 --> 00:18:35,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+146
+00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:52,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">W girl</font>
+
+147
+00:18:46,850 --> 00:18:57,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+148
+00:18:52,120 --> 00:19:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+149
+00:18:57,320 --> 00:19:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my</font>
+
+150
+00:19:04,960 --> 00:19:09,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is that</font>
+
+151
+00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:12,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">me I just gave him his first bully</font>
+
+152
+00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:15,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stick he is really not sure what to do</font>
+
+153
+00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:16,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with it he keeps rolling on it that it's</font>
+
+154
+00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a dead</font>
+
+155
+00:19:16,799 --> 00:19:22,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">animal I mean</font>
+
+156
+00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:22,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">technically technically it</font>
+
+157
+00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is he's so funny</font>
+
+158
+00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lay down lay</font>
+
+159
+00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:46,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down like I</font>
+
+160
+00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:55,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tell lay down lay</font>
+
+161
+00:19:56,840 --> 00:20:00,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">down like</font>
+
+162
+00:20:12,360 --> 00:20:19,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+163
+00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you you get that peanut</font>
+
+164
+00:20:27,159 --> 00:20:38,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">butter</font>
+
+165
+00:20:29,590 --> 00:20:41,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+166
+00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:41,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+167
+00:20:54,290 --> 00:20:59,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+168
+00:20:57,120 --> 00:21:25,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look</font>
+
+169
+00:20:59,750 --> 00:21:25,170
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+170
+00:21:27,039 --> 00:21:30,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+171
+00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:50,729
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+172
+00:21:57,039 --> 00:22:00,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is</font>
+
+173
+00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:24,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+174
+00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:56,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh</font>
+
+175
+00:22:28,990 --> 00:22:58,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+176
+00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:23,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh</font>
+
+177
+00:22:58,770 --> 00:23:23,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+178
+00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:55,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+179
+00:23:28,170 --> 00:23:55,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+180
+00:23:56,880 --> 00:23:59,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">much</font>
+
+181
+00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:07,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+182
+00:24:17,159 --> 00:24:22,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh here comes</font>
+
+183
+00:24:19,039 --> 00:24:22,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gumby</font>
+
+184
+00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:26,609
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+185
+00:24:26,799 --> 00:24:29,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gumby</font>
+
+186
+00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:38,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+187
+00:24:53,640 --> 00:24:56,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fore is</font>
+
+188
+00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:58,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+189
+00:24:56,760 --> 00:25:01,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+190
+00:24:58,679 --> 00:25:01,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you were missing some</font>
+
+191
+00:25:01,919 --> 00:25:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">funny quick they don't F my nose</font>
+
+192
+00:25:14,530 --> 00:25:22,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+193
+00:25:26,679 --> 00:25:29,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quick</font>
+
+194
+00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you no buite</font>
+
+195
+00:25:43,039 --> 00:25:46,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it</font>
+
+196
+00:25:56,679 --> 00:25:59,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and</font>
+
+197
+00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:06,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+198
+00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:29,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spee</font>
+
+199
+00:26:35,559 --> 00:26:41,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the</font>
+
+200
+00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:45,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treets when the wind blows the cradle</font>
+
+201
+00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:49,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will rock when the bell breaks the</font>
+
+202
+00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cradle will fall down like a baby</font>
+
+203
+00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:52,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cradles and</font>
+
+204
+00:26:54,220 --> 00:26:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+205
+00:26:56,600 --> 00:26:59,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all</font>
+
+206
+00:27:00,310 --> 00:27:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+207
+00:27:16,330 --> 00:27:24,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+208
+00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:29,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+209
+00:27:31,290 --> 00:27:41,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+210
+00:27:44,870 --> 00:27:57,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+211
+00:27:56,519 --> 00:28:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a</font>
+
+212
+00:27:57,890 --> 00:28:28,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+213
+00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:31,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah baby got you uhoh got you</font>
+
+214
+00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oh I got</font>
+
+215
+00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:35,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you oh yeah I got</font>
+
+216
+00:28:37,390 --> 00:28:59,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+217
+00:28:56,399 --> 00:28:59,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+218
+00:29:05,940 --> 00:29:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+219
+00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">n</font>
+
+220
+00:29:31,250 --> 00:29:40,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+221
+00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+222
+00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">w</font>
+
+223
+00:29:59,880 --> 00:30:03,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come</font>
+
+224
+00:30:01,530 --> 00:30:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+225
+00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:09,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on you hope not oh no oh no come on M me</font>
+
+226
+00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:26,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come</font>
+
+227
+00:30:09,730 --> 00:30:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+228
+00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on</font>
+
+229
+00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">big guy right</font>
+
+230
+00:30:31,039 --> 00:30:35,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">here he just kind of like a little he</font>
+
+231
+00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:38,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lov the</font>
+
+232
+00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:43,490
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attention yeah he's got</font>
+
+233
+00:30:38,159 --> 00:30:54,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lot over there so actually I bit oh</font>
+
+234
+00:30:43,490 --> 00:30:54,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+235
+00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:59,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he</font>
+
+236
+00:30:59,470 --> 00:31:13,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+237
+00:30:59,620 --> 00:31:13,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+238
+00:31:17,610 --> 00:31:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+239
+00:31:26,159 --> 00:31:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I</font>
+
+240
+00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:53,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+241
+00:31:56,159 --> 00:31:59,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">h</font>
+
+242
+00:32:00,700 --> 00:32:10,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+

subtitle/aansXcMqnNk.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2488 @@
+1
+00:00:00,919 --> 00:00:04,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hello everyone I'm Gary tegler The Man</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,159 --> 00:00:06,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Behind The Voice who has introduced the</font>
+
+3
+00:00:04,759 --> 00:00:09,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wonders of Kyoto to you for over 200</font>
+
+4
+00:00:06,879 --> 00:00:11,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">episodes of core kyotto I've lived in</font>
+
+5
+00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:14,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this city for 35 years and it still</font>
+
+6
+00:00:11,679 --> 00:00:16,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">amazes me on today's special program</font>
+
+7
+00:00:14,599 --> 00:00:20,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we'll visit with some Artisans and take</font>
+
+8
+00:00:16,520 --> 00:00:20,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a look back at some of the program's</font>
+
+9
+00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:25,229
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+10
+00:00:26,679 --> 00:00:30,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">highlights enchanting</font>
+
+11
+00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">handicrafts</font>
+
+12
+00:00:30,260 --> 00:00:34,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+13
+00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">refined</font>
+
+14
+00:00:46,740 --> 00:00:49,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+15
+00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:58,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cuisine captivating</font>
+
+16
+00:00:53,950 --> 00:01:01,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+17
+00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:03,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">buildings cor k spotlights the beauty</font>
+
+18
+00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:05,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and skill of Kyoto's artisanal</font>
+
+19
+00:01:03,199 --> 00:01:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Traditions intersperse with your</font>
+
+20
+00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:08,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">feedback from social media</font>
+
+21
+00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:17,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">networks</font>
+
+22
+00:01:23,479 --> 00:01:28,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">car numerous crafts and Customs</font>
+
+23
+00:01:26,158 --> 00:01:30,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">originated or were perfected in kyotto</font>
+
+24
+00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:32,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as it was the capital for over a</font>
+
+25
+00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:34,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thousand years the exhibits here at the</font>
+
+26
+00:01:32,479 --> 00:01:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kyoto Museum of crafts and design</font>
+
+27
+00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:39,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">showcase 74 of Kyoto's many superb</font>
+
+28
+00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:41,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traditional</font>
+
+29
+00:01:39,440 --> 00:01:44,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+30
+00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:47,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crafts one of the exhibits here features</font>
+
+31
+00:01:44,399 --> 00:01:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kyotto Yen dying it's a technique that</font>
+
+32
+00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:52,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was perfected in the late 17th century</font>
+
+33
+00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in it the painter paints directly onto</font>
+
+34
+00:01:52,079 --> 00:01:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the cloth creating very fine lines in</font>
+
+35
+00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:59,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some places and in others gradations or</font>
+
+36
+00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:01,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">blending of colors it's a very difficult</font>
+
+37
+00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:03,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and compx complex process involving more</font>
+
+38
+00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:03,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">than 20</font>
+
+39
+00:02:04,399 --> 00:02:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stages over the years corot has featured</font>
+
+40
+00:02:07,399 --> 00:02:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the fine work of many</font>
+
+41
+00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Artisans a braided cord is used to</font>
+
+42
+00:02:21,599 --> 00:02:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fasten an obis sash around</font>
+
+43
+00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kimono each one is made by hand this</font>
+
+44
+00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:34,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">craft develop from an aristocratic</font>
+
+45
+00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:34,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">aesthetic dating over a</font>
+
+46
+00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:43,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">millennium different weaving stands are</font>
+
+47
+00:02:39,959 --> 00:02:43,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">used to make different types of</font>
+
+48
+00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">braid on this classic round St the silk</font>
+
+49
+00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yarns are braided in the</font>
+
+50
+00:02:57,959 --> 00:03:02,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">center patterned cord is is produced by</font>
+
+51
+00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">skillfully interweaving 30 or so</font>
+
+52
+00:03:02,879 --> 00:03:05,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weighted</font>
+
+53
+00:03:06,130 --> 00:03:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+54
+00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:15,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bobbins varying the color number and</font>
+
+55
+00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:18,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">braiding technique can result in an</font>
+
+56
+00:03:15,799 --> 00:03:18,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">infinite variety of</font>
+
+57
+00:03:21,640 --> 00:03:27,959
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quarts it takes over 1,000 repetitions</font>
+
+58
+00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:30,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to create just one cord the hands move</font>
+
+59
+00:03:27,959 --> 00:03:31,730
+<font color="white" size=".72c">automatically as the braiding or is</font>
+
+60
+00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:47,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">imprinted in The Artisan's</font>
+
+61
+00:03:31,730 --> 00:03:47,939
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+62
+00:03:50,319 --> 00:03:57,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">head it takes over 10 hours to create a</font>
+
+63
+00:03:53,400 --> 00:03:58,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">single 1.5 M long Obi</font>
+
+64
+00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+65
+00:03:58,680 --> 00:04:01,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cord</font>
+
+66
+00:04:04,660 --> 00:04:23,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+67
+00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in chotto sultry Summers people unfold</font>
+
+68
+00:04:27,919 --> 00:04:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fans to stir a cooling bre</font>
+
+69
+00:04:32,039 --> 00:04:37,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fre when done they fold and tuck them</font>
+
+70
+00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:40,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">away in their sash or pocket fans are</font>
+
+71
+00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:44,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">commonly used in daily</font>
+
+72
+00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:46,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">life this Kyoto style fan store dates</font>
+
+73
+00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back some 100</font>
+
+74
+00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:52,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years it sells all kinds of folding fans</font>
+
+75
+00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including ornamental ones these are made</font>
+
+76
+00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the traditional way with hand painted</font>
+
+77
+00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designs</font>
+
+78
+00:05:01,479 --> 00:05:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nonga artist Kono Shinji also paints</font>
+
+79
+00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kimono</font>
+
+80
+00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:13,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">designs Kono Works using traditional</font>
+
+81
+00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:16,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nihonga methods dissolving mineral</font>
+
+82
+00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:16,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pigments in a natural</font>
+
+83
+00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:22,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glue he wields his brush</font>
+
+84
+00:05:28,479 --> 00:05:31,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decisively</font>
+
+85
+00:05:37,639 --> 00:05:42,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">heavy layers of paint are taboo on fans</font>
+
+86
+00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the paint can peel off when the paper</font>
+
+87
+00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:49,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is folded the artist's skill lies in</font>
+
+88
+00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:49,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">using the lightest touch</font>
+
+89
+00:05:58,479 --> 00:06:01,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">possible</font>
+
+90
+00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:07,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Coro enjoys painting on an</font>
+
+91
+00:06:03,919 --> 00:06:14,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unconventional canvas such as fan-shaped</font>
+
+92
+00:06:07,650 --> 00:06:14,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+93
+00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:31,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">paper</font>
+
+94
+00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:38,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this refined kotto style of fan depicts</font>
+
+95
+00:06:36,319 --> 00:06:42,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Plum blossoms set against the full</font>
+
+96
+00:06:38,930 --> 00:06:42,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+97
+00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:49,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">moon the silk threads make a crisp sound</font>
+
+98
+00:06:46,319 --> 00:06:49,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the textile is</font>
+
+99
+00:06:52,479 --> 00:06:57,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unfurled the fabric was tied into</font>
+
+100
+00:06:54,960 --> 00:07:02,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thousands of beads and dyed this is the</font>
+
+101
+00:06:57,879 --> 00:07:02,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traditional kyotto craft of K Koko</font>
+
+102
+00:07:05,479 --> 00:07:10,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shibori the Ruffles and Peaks throw</font>
+
+103
+00:07:07,919 --> 00:07:12,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">delicate Shadows creating a mesmerizing</font>
+
+104
+00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:14,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fabric considered to be the highest</font>
+
+105
+00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:20,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">class of tie</font>
+
+106
+00:07:14,900 --> 00:07:24,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+107
+00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:27,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dying a 36 CM wide 13 M long bolt of</font>
+
+108
+00:07:24,319 --> 00:07:30,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kimono fabric holds more than</font>
+
+109
+00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:34,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">150,000 beads the work is taxing and is</font>
+
+110
+00:07:30,919 --> 00:07:38,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">completed solely by hand over a year or</font>
+
+111
+00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:38,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+112
+00:07:41,479 --> 00:07:48,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more camoto Kazo binds the textile</font>
+
+113
+00:07:45,039 --> 00:07:48,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">according to the stencil</font>
+
+114
+00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:57,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">design she has been in the trade for</font>
+
+115
+00:07:53,199 --> 00:07:57,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seven decades since the age of</font>
+
+116
+00:07:58,319 --> 00:08:01,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">eight</font>
+
+117
+00:08:04,759 --> 00:08:10,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she pinches a DOT millimeters in</font>
+
+118
+00:08:06,879 --> 00:08:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">diameter folds it in four and</font>
+
+119
+00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:13,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+120
+00:08:15,199 --> 00:08:21,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">twists she then binds the fabric four</font>
+
+121
+00:08:18,039 --> 00:08:23,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">times with 22 loose fine silk threads</font>
+
+122
+00:08:21,639 --> 00:08:26,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bound area is not dyed and left in</font>
+
+123
+00:08:23,879 --> 00:08:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the original white only the heads are</font>
+
+124
+00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dyed creating the spotted Fawn pattern</font>
+
+125
+00:08:38,959 --> 00:08:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it is common for novices to have bloody</font>
+
+126
+00:08:41,279 --> 00:08:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fingers until they Master this</font>
+
+127
+00:08:50,930 --> 00:08:54,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+128
+00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">task</font>
+
+129
+00:09:05,490 --> 00:09:11,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+130
+00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:18,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+131
+00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:27,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a flame shapes a glass pen that</font>
+
+132
+00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:27,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glimmers like a</font>
+
+133
+00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:32,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">jewel</font>
+
+134
+00:09:29,630 --> 00:09:32,970
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+135
+00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:38,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Creator is</font>
+
+136
+00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:46,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">conu he specializes in fashioning hard</font>
+
+137
+00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:46,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glass</font>
+
+138
+00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:54,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pens the eight narrow Twisted grooves</font>
+
+139
+00:09:51,519 --> 00:09:58,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">become capillaries that draw up the</font>
+
+140
+00:09:54,880 --> 00:09:58,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+141
+00:09:58,120 --> 00:10:01,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ink</font>
+
+142
+00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Khan's technique produces pens that</font>
+
+143
+00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:07,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">write as smooth as</font>
+
+144
+00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:16,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">silk the key to shaping the glass is the</font>
+
+145
+00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+146
+00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flame here Khan is forming the handle</font>
+
+147
+00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">design with the rod heated to 1200° C KH</font>
+
+148
+00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:31,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">makes tiny twists to create a spiral</font>
+
+149
+00:10:34,390 --> 00:10:37,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+150
+00:10:38,079 --> 00:10:43,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pattern The Next Step requires nerves of</font>
+
+151
+00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Steel as forming the pen tip determines</font>
+
+152
+00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the quality of the lettering it will</font>
+
+153
+00:10:48,959 --> 00:10:54,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">produce as he twists the rod he pulls it</font>
+
+154
+00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:57,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">swiftly to create the tip</font>
+
+155
+00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:57,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+156
+00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:01,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">instantaneously</font>
+
+157
+00:11:04,820 --> 00:11:07,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+158
+00:11:12,830 --> 00:11:26,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+159
+00:11:26,519 --> 00:11:32,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Caro we're about to visit the workshop</font>
+
+160
+00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:36,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of renowned Kitty</font>
+
+161
+00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:36,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+162
+00:11:42,480 --> 00:11:45,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">oison this is</font>
+
+163
+00:11:47,880 --> 00:11:52,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wonderful I'm calling on Eddie tomoko</font>
+
+164
+00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:55,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who has been applying Kitty Kane for</font>
+
+165
+00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:55,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">around 30</font>
+
+166
+00:11:57,959 --> 00:12:04,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years gold foil is cut into 1 mm wide</font>
+
+167
+00:12:01,399 --> 00:12:04,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strips using a bamboo</font>
+
+168
+00:12:08,839 --> 00:12:14,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cutter the foil strands are adhered to</font>
+
+169
+00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:17,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the wood using two brushes and a mixture</font>
+
+170
+00:12:14,240 --> 00:12:20,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of animal glue and fi seaweed this is</font>
+
+171
+00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the traditional art of</font>
+
+172
+00:12:22,460 --> 00:12:27,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+173
+00:12:24,199 --> 00:12:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kikan applying Kitty cone to the uneven</font>
+
+174
+00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:31,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">surface of a Buddhist statue requires</font>
+
+175
+00:12:32,390 --> 00:12:35,549
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+176
+00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:41,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prowess the curved and straight lines of</font>
+
+177
+00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:44,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gold foil complement the wood</font>
+
+178
+00:12:41,100 --> 00:12:47,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+179
+00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:50,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grain deep in concentration Eddie holds</font>
+
+180
+00:12:47,639 --> 00:12:55,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">her breath as she applies each</font>
+
+181
+00:12:50,940 --> 00:12:55,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+182
+00:12:56,199 --> 00:13:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">strand the completed statue of M bodis</font>
+
+183
+00:12:59,399 --> 00:13:02,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">SATA appears to emit a soft Brilliance</font>
+
+184
+00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:05,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from</font>
+
+185
+00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:07,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">within for centuries Buddhist statues</font>
+
+186
+00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:09,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and images were only viewed in</font>
+
+187
+00:13:07,279 --> 00:13:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Candlelight the gold of kitty Kane</font>
+
+188
+00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accentuated their features and</font>
+
+189
+00:13:17,839 --> 00:13:24,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Grandeur Eddie applies K Kan to statues</font>
+
+190
+00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:27,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">her father K has</font>
+
+191
+00:13:24,050 --> 00:13:27,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+192
+00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">carved</font>
+
+193
+00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">absolutely beautiful really</font>
+
+194
+00:13:57,759 --> 00:14:00,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beautiful</font>
+
+195
+00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:06,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Edie also applied K Kan to this statue</font>
+
+196
+00:14:03,639 --> 00:14:06,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of jizo</font>
+
+197
+00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">borisa just on</font>
+
+198
+00:14:19,190 --> 00:14:22,289
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+199
+00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thething with the passage of time the</font>
+
+200
+00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">color of the statue itself darkens and</font>
+
+201
+00:14:28,560 --> 00:14:34,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the the koni embellishment shines more</font>
+
+202
+00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:34,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+203
+00:14:35,079 --> 00:14:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brightly Eddie also devotes time to</font>
+
+204
+00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:42,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">broadening the potential of kitty Kane</font>
+
+205
+00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:42,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on secular</font>
+
+206
+00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">craftwork the the design here is very</font>
+
+207
+00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intricate this is just wonderful and</font>
+
+208
+00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:02,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">very symmetrical</font>
+
+209
+00:14:59,320 --> 00:15:06,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it must have taken a long time to</font>
+
+210
+00:15:02,399 --> 00:15:08,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do this is a a Kix of a Lotus Blossom</font>
+
+211
+00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's absolutely wonderful work really</font>
+
+212
+00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:13,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lovely catches the light in different</font>
+
+213
+00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:15,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ways so the colors are reflected in</font>
+
+214
+00:15:13,199 --> 00:15:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">different patterns it's just amazing</font>
+
+215
+00:15:15,839 --> 00:15:18,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">really</font>
+
+216
+00:15:19,240 --> 00:15:24,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wonderful Eddie focuses her full</font>
+
+217
+00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:26,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">attention on the one strand of gold foil</font>
+
+218
+00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:27,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as she deafly guides the brush to apply</font>
+
+219
+00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:30,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it</font>
+
+220
+00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:30,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">freehand</font>
+
+221
+00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:41,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+222
+00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:44,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's pretty amazing amount of</font>
+
+223
+00:15:41,399 --> 00:15:46,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">concentration and focus that is required</font>
+
+224
+00:15:44,519 --> 00:15:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and so are there things that you must be</font>
+
+225
+00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">very careful</font>
+
+226
+00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about</font>
+
+227
+00:16:11,470 --> 00:16:17,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+228
+00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:24,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Edie allows me to try my hand at</font>
+
+229
+00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:24,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it no guys this is no that's glue okay</font>
+
+230
+00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:30,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wow okay here we</font>
+
+231
+00:16:39,290 --> 00:16:42,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+232
+00:16:43,420 --> 00:16:51,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Laughter]</font>
+
+233
+00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">go</font>
+
+234
+00:17:24,079 --> 00:17:26,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cor</font>
+
+235
+00:17:27,400 --> 00:17:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">CYO</font>
+
+236
+00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:47,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm standing in Nishiki Market called</font>
+
+237
+00:17:44,559 --> 00:17:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kyoto's Pantry its roots go back over a</font>
+
+238
+00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:51,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">millennia and the thousands of products</font>
+
+239
+00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:55,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sold here constitute an illustrated</font>
+
+240
+00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:57,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Encyclopedia of Japanese food as chotto</font>
+
+241
+00:17:55,360 --> 00:17:59,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was long the capital fresh food from all</font>
+
+242
+00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:02,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over the country was sent here creating</font>
+
+243
+00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:04,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a unique and multifaceted food</font>
+
+244
+00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:08,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">culture let's take a look at some of the</font>
+
+245
+00:18:04,799 --> 00:18:08,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">secrets this culinary Universe has to</font>
+
+246
+00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:22,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">offer miso bean paste an important</font>
+
+247
+00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:25,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Japanese condiment is made using</font>
+
+248
+00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:28,550
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soybeans Kyoto developed its own variety</font>
+
+249
+00:18:25,679 --> 00:18:32,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of miso fit for the Imperial household</font>
+
+250
+00:18:28,550 --> 00:18:34,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+251
+00:18:32,039 --> 00:18:37,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white miso has a refined sweetness and</font>
+
+252
+00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:39,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was regarded a luxury commodity at a</font>
+
+253
+00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:48,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time when sweet Foods were</font>
+
+254
+00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:51,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+255
+00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:54,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rare one kyotto Cuisine Restaurant which</font>
+
+256
+00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:57,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first open in the early 1800s is famous</font>
+
+257
+00:18:54,840 --> 00:19:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for a dish that uses White</font>
+
+258
+00:18:57,320 --> 00:19:00,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bolw</font>
+
+259
+00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:08,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this restaurant listed in international</font>
+
+260
+00:19:05,520 --> 00:19:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gourmand guides serves cookery that</font>
+
+261
+00:19:08,039 --> 00:19:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">could be considered</font>
+
+262
+00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:17,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">art the chef style is outstanding in</font>
+
+263
+00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that he simply lets the intrinsic</font>
+
+264
+00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:21,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flavors of the ingredients speak for</font>
+
+265
+00:19:22,919 --> 00:19:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">themselves one dish that epitomizes this</font>
+
+266
+00:19:26,039 --> 00:19:30,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is his signature dish white miso</font>
+
+267
+00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:37,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">zi the recipe is very</font>
+
+268
+00:19:34,760 --> 00:19:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">simple spring water and white miso are</font>
+
+269
+00:19:37,679 --> 00:19:43,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mixed in a saucepan then heated with no</font>
+
+270
+00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other seasonings added not even Dashi</font>
+
+271
+00:19:43,039 --> 00:19:46,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the standard base for Kyoto style</font>
+
+272
+00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:56,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">broths the fermentation process for</font>
+
+273
+00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">white miso is short and is easily</font>
+
+274
+00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:00,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">influenced by temperature and humidity</font>
+
+275
+00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so there is always a slight difference</font>
+
+276
+00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in The</font>
+
+277
+00:20:02,679 --> 00:20:07,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Taste therefore the chef adjusts the</font>
+
+278
+00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flavor so the broth has the intense Rich</font>
+
+279
+00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:11,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Taste of white miso he</font>
+
+280
+00:20:19,919 --> 00:20:26,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">desires the roasted rice cake placed in</font>
+
+281
+00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:29,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the broth is topped with a mustard</font>
+
+282
+00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:31,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sauce the sweetness of the white miso</font>
+
+283
+00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:34,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the aroma of the roasted rice cake and</font>
+
+284
+00:20:31,919 --> 00:20:37,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Tangi sauce create a fine balance of</font>
+
+285
+00:20:34,600 --> 00:20:42,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rich flavors in harmony with each</font>
+
+286
+00:20:37,190 --> 00:20:42,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+287
+00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+288
+00:20:56,960 --> 00:21:00,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other this this pickle maker established</font>
+
+289
+00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:04,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in</font>
+
+290
+00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:06,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1865 specializes in senme one of the</font>
+
+291
+00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">three major Kyoto pickles with a</font>
+
+292
+00:21:06,159 --> 00:21:09,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distinct white round</font>
+
+293
+00:21:09,650 --> 00:21:15,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+294
+00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:17,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appearance these are shogo in turnips a</font>
+
+295
+00:21:15,679 --> 00:21:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kyoto Heritage vegetable that is</font>
+
+296
+00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:22,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">especially juicy and sweet in the winter</font>
+
+297
+00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:25,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was once a popular ingredient in</font>
+
+298
+00:21:22,799 --> 00:21:25,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Palace</font>
+
+299
+00:21:25,799 --> 00:21:32,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meals yamazaki Mari up holds the</font>
+
+300
+00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:32,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traditional flavor handed down over</font>
+
+301
+00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:38,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Generations the process involves three</font>
+
+302
+00:21:40,039 --> 00:21:44,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">people first the turnips are peeled</font>
+
+303
+00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:47,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thickly because the inside of the skin</font>
+
+304
+00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is hard and</font>
+
+305
+00:21:47,559 --> 00:21:52,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fibrous the flesh is then carefully cut</font>
+
+306
+00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:54,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into 2 mm slices while adjusting the</font>
+
+307
+00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:57,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pressure and checking the quality with</font>
+
+308
+00:21:54,880 --> 00:22:00,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the palm of the</font>
+
+309
+00:21:57,039 --> 00:22:00,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">hand</font>
+
+310
+00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:05,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the turnip slices are then spread like a</font>
+
+311
+00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:05,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deck of playing</font>
+
+312
+00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:19,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cards the slices are layered evenly for</font>
+
+313
+00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:22,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the salt to thoroughly permeate the</font>
+
+314
+00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:24,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">flesh her father taught her to use the</font>
+
+315
+00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">palm of her hand to discern the turnips</font>
+
+316
+00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">condition and the amount of</font>
+
+317
+00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">salt</font>
+
+318
+00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:35,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the rest of the pickling recipe is a</font>
+
+319
+00:22:32,679 --> 00:22:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">guarded secret yamazaki is the only one</font>
+
+320
+00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:39,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who inherited it from her</font>
+
+321
+00:22:56,960 --> 00:22:59,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">father</font>
+
+322
+00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:09,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to Kyoto style Sushi is pressed or</font>
+
+323
+00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:11,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">rolled and beautiful presentation is one</font>
+
+324
+00:23:09,919 --> 00:23:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of its key</font>
+
+325
+00:23:11,919 --> 00:23:17,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">elements aspidistra leaves are used to</font>
+
+326
+00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Adorn Sushi often cut into complex</font>
+
+327
+00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:23,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shapes although plastic versions are now</font>
+
+328
+00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:26,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in widespread use many chefs in kyotto</font>
+
+329
+00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:26,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">still use real</font>
+
+330
+00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">leaves</font>
+
+331
+00:23:31,450 --> 00:23:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+332
+00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:44,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shirako nagak Kazu proprietor of a</font>
+
+333
+00:23:41,120 --> 00:23:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">120-year-old sushi shop is a master</font>
+
+334
+00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">aspidistra</font>
+
+335
+00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:55,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+336
+00:23:52,120 --> 00:23:56,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cutter the only tool he uses is a small</font>
+
+337
+00:23:55,279 --> 00:23:59,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kitchen</font>
+
+338
+00:23:56,880 --> 00:24:02,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">knife cutting the fibrous Leaf into</font>
+
+339
+00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:04,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">intricate patterns without any tearing</font>
+
+340
+00:24:02,120 --> 00:24:04,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">requires Great</font>
+
+341
+00:24:05,510 --> 00:24:12,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+342
+00:24:16,340 --> 00:24:19,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+343
+00:24:26,799 --> 00:24:31,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">skill</font>
+
+344
+00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:31,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+345
+00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is a silent token of appreciation</font>
+
+346
+00:24:34,559 --> 00:24:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from Chef to customer a way of imparting</font>
+
+347
+00:24:40,650 --> 00:24:45,419
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+348
+00:24:48,180 --> 00:24:53,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+349
+00:24:53,279 --> 00:24:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Joy Before Sunrise the day's work is</font>
+
+350
+00:24:56,279 --> 00:25:02,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">getting started in this more than than</font>
+
+351
+00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:04,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">110y old tofu store hirano yoshiaki is a</font>
+
+352
+00:25:02,559 --> 00:25:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">veteran tofu maker with more than 40</font>
+
+353
+00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years of experience under his</font>
+
+354
+00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:15,919
+<font color="white" size=".72c">belt tofu's main ingredients are soy</font>
+
+355
+00:25:13,720 --> 00:25:18,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">beans and</font>
+
+356
+00:25:15,919 --> 00:25:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">water the soybeans are first soaked</font>
+
+357
+00:25:18,559 --> 00:25:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">overnight in water then</font>
+
+358
+00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ground water is ADD to the soybean pulp</font>
+
+359
+00:25:29,399 --> 00:25:31,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then</font>
+
+360
+00:25:34,279 --> 00:25:41,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">boiled the mash is pressed resulting in</font>
+
+361
+00:25:37,399 --> 00:25:44,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soy milk with a concentrated soybean</font>
+
+362
+00:25:41,159 --> 00:25:46,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Flavor now the coagulant is added and</font>
+
+363
+00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">quickly mixed</font>
+
+364
+00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:55,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in hirano keeps a close watch and stop</font>
+
+365
+00:25:52,399 --> 00:25:57,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stirring when it begins to set get the</font>
+
+366
+00:25:55,120 --> 00:26:00,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">timing wrong and the tofu could turn out</font>
+
+367
+00:25:57,159 --> 00:26:00,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">too hard hard or too</font>
+
+368
+00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:06,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soft he takes other factors into</font>
+
+369
+00:26:03,840 --> 00:26:09,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">consideration such as the season the</font>
+
+370
+00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:11,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">weather and the soybeans quality his</font>
+
+371
+00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:14,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">skill was learned from his father and</font>
+
+372
+00:26:11,039 --> 00:26:14,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">grandfather and honed over</font>
+
+373
+00:26:15,679 --> 00:26:20,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">decades after about 30 minutes the</font>
+
+374
+00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">curdled tofu is transferred to a</font>
+
+375
+00:26:20,559 --> 00:26:25,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clothline mold in order to press out</font>
+
+376
+00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:28,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">excess</font>
+
+377
+00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:30,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">water the curds must be placed evenly</font>
+
+378
+00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">throughout the</font>
+
+379
+00:26:31,520 --> 00:26:36,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mold the cotton cloth is then folded</font>
+
+380
+00:26:34,279 --> 00:26:39,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">over the top and a weight placed on the</font>
+
+381
+00:26:36,559 --> 00:26:43,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tofu to press the water</font>
+
+382
+00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:46,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+383
+00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:49,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out 2 hours after work started the tofu</font>
+
+384
+00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:52,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is done it is still hot so it is placed</font>
+
+385
+00:26:49,679 --> 00:26:55,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in water to</font>
+
+386
+00:26:52,159 --> 00:26:58,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cool koto's Subterranean water is ideal</font>
+
+387
+00:26:55,600 --> 00:27:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for making tofu with a consistent</font>
+
+388
+00:26:58,120 --> 00:27:03,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">temperature year round the soft water</font>
+
+389
+00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:04,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">contains a balance of calcium magnesium</font>
+
+390
+00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:08,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and other minerals that does not</font>
+
+391
+00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:08,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">interfere with the taste of the</font>
+
+392
+00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:16,899
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+393
+00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:22,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+394
+00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:29,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soybeans</font>
+
+395
+00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:29,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Cor</font>
+
+396
+00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:37,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">noos Shinji is one of the largest Zen</font>
+
+397
+00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Buddhist temple complexes in Japan and</font>
+
+398
+00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:42,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm here to get a closer look at the</font>
+
+399
+00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:42,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">vegetarian food their monks</font>
+
+400
+00:27:56,519 --> 00:27:59,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">enjoy</font>
+
+401
+00:27:59,710 --> 00:28:05,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+402
+00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:08,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nishikawa gbo the chief priest of Torin</font>
+
+403
+00:28:05,039 --> 00:28:10,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in is a Master Chef of shoin diori the</font>
+
+404
+00:28:08,279 --> 00:28:13,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Buddhist Vegetarian Cuisine that uses no</font>
+
+405
+00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">meat or fish products he holds regular</font>
+
+406
+00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:18,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cooking classes teaching the heart of</font>
+
+407
+00:28:18,559 --> 00:28:24,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Zen this is nishikawa's vegetable garden</font>
+
+408
+00:28:21,519 --> 00:28:24,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">on the temple</font>
+
+409
+00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:28,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">precincts caboso Citrus are ready for</font>
+
+410
+00:28:27,679 --> 00:28:32,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">picking in the</font>
+
+411
+00:28:28,650 --> 00:28:32,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+412
+00:28:34,159 --> 00:28:37,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">fall if I cut my finger</font>
+
+413
+00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">off it looks good T</font>
+
+414
+00:28:56,159 --> 00:29:02,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of ah nice very</font>
+
+415
+00:29:00,159 --> 00:29:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nice we will use the cbble suit to make</font>
+
+416
+00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a light</font>
+
+417
+00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:21,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">salad now simply mix in chopped Apple</font>
+
+418
+00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:23,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cucumber and wax gourd this dish uses</font>
+
+419
+00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one ingredient going out of season one</font>
+
+420
+00:29:23,679 --> 00:29:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in season and another coming into season</font>
+
+421
+00:29:44,090 --> 00:29:47,190
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+422
+00:29:50,279 --> 00:29:56,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we next make a tofu dish hiru</font>
+
+423
+00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">representative of shin</font>
+
+424
+00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yi</font>
+
+425
+00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+426
+00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:39,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the ingredients are mixed into the</font>
+
+427
+00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:39,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">crushed tofu and formed into head-shaped</font>
+
+428
+00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:52,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">patties the patties are then deep fried</font>
+
+429
+00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:52,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to add flavor and</font>
+
+430
+00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:59,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">texture</font>
+
+431
+00:30:59,799 --> 00:31:07,349
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the chilled patties are served in dashi</font>
+
+432
+00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:07,349
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+433
+00:31:24,440 --> 00:31:31,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">broth M very good and this was the dish</font>
+
+434
+00:31:28,799 --> 00:31:34,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where uh some of the things are coming</font>
+
+435
+00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">into season and one that's in season now</font>
+
+436
+00:31:34,519 --> 00:31:38,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to balance the taste of the foods and</font>
+
+437
+00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:41,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again very much reflection of Kyoto and</font>
+
+438
+00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:41,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its</font>
+
+439
+00:31:43,450 --> 00:31:46,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+440
+00:31:48,990 --> 00:31:53,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+441
+00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:57,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">culture how this</font>
+
+442
+00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:59,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got a very light taste it's like eating</font>
+
+443
+00:31:57,799 --> 00:32:02,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I don't know a wafer with Aon or</font>
+
+444
+00:31:59,519 --> 00:32:04,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something very light very nice is there</font>
+
+445
+00:32:02,519 --> 00:32:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">anything that you would suggest</font>
+
+446
+00:32:04,799 --> 00:32:10,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">recommend or want to teach or pass on to</font>
+
+447
+00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:14,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">other people maybe future Generations</font>
+
+448
+00:32:10,559 --> 00:32:14,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about this style of Cuisine</font>
+
+449
+00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:29,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my</font>
+
+450
+00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:48,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+451
+00:32:51,799 --> 00:32:56,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this is a chotto style machia townhouse</font>
+
+452
+00:32:54,679 --> 00:33:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">its design was necessitated by land</font>
+
+453
+00:32:56,760 --> 00:33:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reform forms enacted in the late 16th</font>
+
+454
+00:33:05,740 --> 00:33:09,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Applause]</font>
+
+455
+00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:19,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">century they're referred to as eel's</font>
+
+456
+00:33:14,919 --> 00:33:21,679
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nests because of their slim elongated</font>
+
+457
+00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:25,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">architecture in the middle or at the</font>
+
+458
+00:33:21,679 --> 00:33:28,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">back there is the Tona a small courtyard</font>
+
+459
+00:33:25,519 --> 00:33:30,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Garden which is in ingenious use of</font>
+
+460
+00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:33,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">limited space as it lets in light and</font>
+
+461
+00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:35,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">air features like this enabled people to</font>
+
+462
+00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:37,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">live more comfortably in the dense</font>
+
+463
+00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:39,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cityscape of the ancient</font>
+
+464
+00:33:37,399 --> 00:33:41,799
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Capital Kyoto's homes and buildings</font>
+
+465
+00:33:39,840 --> 00:33:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">boast many more aesthetic features</font>
+
+466
+00:33:41,799 --> 00:33:45,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">created by Master Crafts</font>
+
+467
+00:33:46,650 --> 00:33:49,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+468
+00:33:51,519 --> 00:33:55,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People tiny Tona are designed by</font>
+
+469
+00:33:54,720 --> 00:33:59,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">landscape</font>
+
+470
+00:33:55,960 --> 00:34:02,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artists members of inow katah Hero's</font>
+
+471
+00:33:59,159 --> 00:34:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">family have been landscape artists since</font>
+
+472
+00:34:02,120 --> 00:34:06,230
+<font color="white" size=".72c">1820 he designed Suba as well as other</font>
+
+473
+00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:12,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">types of</font>
+
+474
+00:34:06,230 --> 00:34:15,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+475
+00:34:12,639 --> 00:34:16,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">gardens inoa is about to start work on a</font>
+
+476
+00:34:15,639 --> 00:34:19,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">new</font>
+
+477
+00:34:16,810 --> 00:34:22,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+478
+00:34:19,159 --> 00:34:27,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Garden this Tona happens to be in his</font>
+
+479
+00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:29,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">childhood home only 2 m by 2.5 m in size</font>
+
+480
+00:34:27,320 --> 00:34:32,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was first built by his grandfather</font>
+
+481
+00:34:29,159 --> 00:34:34,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and father this is its first revamp in</font>
+
+482
+00:34:32,159 --> 00:34:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">40</font>
+
+483
+00:34:34,520 --> 00:34:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">years</font>
+
+484
+00:34:40,399 --> 00:34:47,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">okay in chose this Basin designed to</font>
+
+485
+00:34:43,599 --> 00:34:47,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look like traditional kittyo</font>
+
+486
+00:34:52,719 --> 00:34:58,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">glasswar inway chose a tall Life Maple</font>
+
+487
+00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:58,879
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as his garden</font>
+
+488
+00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:08,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tree positioned behind the Basin the</font>
+
+489
+00:35:04,839 --> 00:35:08,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">maple acts to enhance the garden's</font>
+
+490
+00:35:09,460 --> 00:35:15,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+491
+00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:17,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">height the Tona is an ancient art</font>
+
+492
+00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:20,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">preserved by generations of landscape</font>
+
+493
+00:35:17,480 --> 00:35:24,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">artists inu's revamped Garden is a</font>
+
+494
+00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:24,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">masterpiece of skill and</font>
+
+495
+00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:30,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soul</font>
+
+496
+00:35:28,200 --> 00:35:32,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Maple Leaves reflect off the</font>
+
+497
+00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:34,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">polished paving stones giving the space</font>
+
+498
+00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:40,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">further</font>
+
+499
+00:35:34,020 --> 00:35:40,219
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+500
+00:35:43,820 --> 00:35:47,789
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+501
+00:35:53,730 --> 00:35:58,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+502
+00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:58,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">depth</font>
+
+503
+00:35:59,540 --> 00:36:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+504
+00:36:15,079 --> 00:36:20,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the roof of kyomi zud's OKO in was</font>
+
+505
+00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:24,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">reched in</font>
+
+506
+00:36:20,980 --> 00:36:24,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+507
+00:36:25,720 --> 00:36:31,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">2014 hinoi Cypress bark strips are first</font>
+
+508
+00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:34,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">submerged in water to make them pliable</font>
+
+509
+00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:34,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and easy to</font>
+
+510
+00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">handle the strips are layered to fit the</font>
+
+511
+00:36:38,599 --> 00:36:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roof's</font>
+
+512
+00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:50,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Contours they are then secured with</font>
+
+513
+00:36:47,480 --> 00:36:50,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bamboo</font>
+
+514
+00:36:54,880 --> 00:37:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pegs the thater put puts 20 to 30 pegs</font>
+
+515
+00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:03,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in his mouth at a time and turns them to</font>
+
+516
+00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:05,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">point in the same direction one at a</font>
+
+517
+00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time he spits them out and pounds them</font>
+
+518
+00:37:05,400 --> 00:37:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in using a special</font>
+
+519
+00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:13,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hammer this skill requires years to</font>
+
+520
+00:37:25,599 --> 00:37:28,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">refine</font>
+
+521
+00:37:30,170 --> 00:37:33,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+522
+00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:43,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">layer upon layer the elegantly contoured</font>
+
+523
+00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:49,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">roof takes</font>
+
+524
+00:37:43,900 --> 00:37:49,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+525
+00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:58,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+526
+00:37:55,599 --> 00:37:58,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">shape</font>
+
+527
+00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:03,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+528
+00:38:03,599 --> 00:38:10,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sheer Boulders are deep mountain valleys</font>
+
+529
+00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:10,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the white gravel an</font>
+
+530
+00:38:10,720 --> 00:38:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ocean kadis Sansui or dry landscape</font>
+
+531
+00:38:14,079 --> 00:38:21,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gardens embod Zen Buddhist thought each</font>
+
+532
+00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:21,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rock and grain of sand</font>
+
+533
+00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:28,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">talks the mountains in Kyoto's North</font>
+
+534
+00:38:30,200 --> 00:38:36,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">West landscapers search for stones to</font>
+
+535
+00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:36,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">use in Rock</font>
+
+536
+00:38:37,400 --> 00:38:42,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gardens kitay Yasuo is an eminent</font>
+
+537
+00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:46,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">architect and artist of Karis sanui</font>
+
+538
+00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:49,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gardens he uses natural stones the</font>
+
+539
+00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appearance of which he assesses</font>
+
+540
+00:38:55,520 --> 00:38:58,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">scrupulously</font>
+
+541
+00:39:08,440 --> 00:39:11,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">CH on at</font>
+
+542
+00:39:13,480 --> 00:39:18,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kenin positioned in the center of this</font>
+
+543
+00:39:15,839 --> 00:39:20,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mossy Garden is a rock kyama discovered</font>
+
+544
+00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:20,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the</font>
+
+545
+00:39:21,520 --> 00:39:29,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mountains this szon SEI Triad cluster</font>
+
+546
+00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:29,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">represents Buddha flanked by two body</font>
+
+547
+00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sers the three stones are arranged so</font>
+
+548
+00:39:33,599 --> 00:39:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that they can all be viewed from any</font>
+
+549
+00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:42,270
+<font color="white" size=".72c">angle Buddha who sits at the center of</font>
+
+550
+00:39:39,720 --> 00:39:49,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the world is</font>
+
+551
+00:39:42,270 --> 00:39:49,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+552
+00:39:55,400 --> 00:39:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">omnipresent</font>
+
+553
+00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+554
+00:40:11,119 --> 00:40:16,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Tanaka akosi took up Plastering</font>
+
+555
+00:40:13,640 --> 00:40:18,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">following in his Father's</font>
+
+556
+00:40:16,200 --> 00:40:21,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Footsteps now he is pursuing his ideal</font>
+
+557
+00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:21,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of fashioning</font>
+
+558
+00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:28,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">walls the consumate walls Tanaka aspires</font>
+
+559
+00:40:24,839 --> 00:40:28,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to are here in guon</font>
+
+560
+00:40:33,520 --> 00:40:39,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these walls called joraku are made with</font>
+
+561
+00:40:36,280 --> 00:40:41,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the best soil available Tanaka was</font>
+
+562
+00:40:39,119 --> 00:40:43,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">astonished on seeing them a decade or</font>
+
+563
+00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:46,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more ago and was impressed by their</font>
+
+564
+00:40:43,240 --> 00:40:46,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">color and gentle surface</font>
+
+565
+00:40:48,400 --> 00:40:53,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">texture now he wants to use the same</font>
+
+566
+00:40:51,119 --> 00:40:55,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">premium soil in his attempt to recreate</font>
+
+567
+00:40:53,520 --> 00:40:58,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the walls of his</font>
+
+568
+00:40:55,319 --> 00:40:58,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dreams</font>
+
+569
+00:40:59,680 --> 00:41:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he is on the final step applying the</font>
+
+570
+00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plaster to the</font>
+
+571
+00:41:05,130 --> 00:41:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+572
+00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:15,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">wall first he uses a clay mix with</font>
+
+573
+00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:17,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">slightly rough straw as the</font>
+
+574
+00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:20,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+575
+00:41:17,560 --> 00:41:23,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">base the outer layer is then applied in</font>
+
+576
+00:41:20,359 --> 00:41:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">two stages the first coat is a lighter</font>
+
+577
+00:41:23,119 --> 00:41:27,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">colored clay-like</font>
+
+578
+00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mixture</font>
+
+579
+00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:32,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in painting this would be the canvas if</font>
+
+580
+00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not applied correctly the final wall</font>
+
+581
+00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:35,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will not have the right</font>
+
+582
+00:41:36,839 --> 00:41:42,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">look once done Tanaka begins preparing</font>
+
+583
+00:41:40,079 --> 00:41:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the second coat so he can apply it</font>
+
+584
+00:41:42,119 --> 00:41:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">before the first</font>
+
+585
+00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:52,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dries on this final coat he works with</font>
+
+586
+00:41:49,920 --> 00:41:55,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great care to ensure the wall surface</font>
+
+587
+00:41:52,319 --> 00:41:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will have the character he</font>
+
+588
+00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seeks</font>
+
+589
+00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:05,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">soil water and straw from these natural</font>
+
+590
+00:42:02,480 --> 00:42:08,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">materials a plaster is hands bring a</font>
+
+591
+00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:08,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Kyoto wall to</font>
+
+592
+00:42:11,570 --> 00:42:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+593
+00:42:13,599 --> 00:42:19,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">life Tanaka's juraku earn wall</font>
+
+594
+00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:21,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">considered the Pinnacle of Kyoto walls</font>
+
+595
+00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:21,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is</font>
+
+596
+00:42:22,980 --> 00:42:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+597
+00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:28,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">done</font>
+
+598
+00:42:28,830 --> 00:42:31,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+599
+00:42:52,610 --> 00:42:58,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+600
+00:42:55,160 --> 00:42:58,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for</font>
+
+601
+00:42:59,720 --> 00:43:04,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the things that stand out for me about</font>
+
+602
+00:43:01,520 --> 00:43:06,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">kyotto is the attention paid to detail</font>
+
+603
+00:43:04,240 --> 00:43:09,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and The Marvelous way that these Supreme</font>
+
+604
+00:43:06,079 --> 00:43:11,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Artisans share their craft in many cases</font>
+
+605
+00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">remarkable levels of skill have been</font>
+
+606
+00:43:11,359 --> 00:43:15,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">handed down in families for</font>
+
+607
+00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:18,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Generations there are many unassuming</font>
+
+608
+00:43:15,680 --> 00:43:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">walls throughout the city behind which</font>
+
+609
+00:43:18,079 --> 00:43:23,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Crafts People are hard at work seeing</font>
+
+610
+00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:25,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these artisans in action you can't help</font>
+
+611
+00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:27,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but be in awe and sense the Deep</font>
+
+612
+00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:30,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Traditions that inform this</font>
+
+613
+00:43:27,359 --> 00:43:33,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">place above all becoming a master</font>
+
+614
+00:43:30,119 --> 00:43:35,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">requires patience the word drudgery does</font>
+
+615
+00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:37,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">come to mind the repetition is not</font>
+
+616
+00:43:35,319 --> 00:43:39,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something just anyone can do but when</font>
+
+617
+00:43:37,839 --> 00:43:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it's done by the great granddaughter or</font>
+
+618
+00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:45,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">great grandson of a master Weaver Dyer</font>
+
+619
+00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:47,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or painter it exudes gravitas it's</font>
+
+620
+00:43:45,200 --> 00:43:50,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">genuine it is the best of what Kyoto</font>
+
+621
+00:43:47,680 --> 00:43:50,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">presents to the</font>
+
+622
+00:43:55,079 --> 00:43:58,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world</font>
+

subtitle/bYXhA8VG8Lw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+1
+00:00:00,179 --> 00:00:03,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pres ago</font>
+
+2
+00:00:18,220 --> 00:00:21,619
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's margin very Brown I'm pretty</font>
+
+3
+00:00:20,240 --> 00:00:23,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sure there's a 747 leaving Heathrow</font>
+
+4
+00:00:21,619 --> 00:00:24,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">tomorrow at 6:30 in the evening for</font>
+
+5
+00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:25,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Baltimore apparently it's gonna save the</font>
+
+6
+00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:26,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">world much on how that could be true but</font>
+
+7
+00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:32,119
+<font color="white" size=".72c">give me a member of any of you know the</font>
+
+8
+00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:33,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">case for eight seconds oh come on it's</font>
+
+9
+00:00:32,119 --> 00:00:35,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">not code these are seat allocations on a</font>
+
+10
+00:00:33,650 --> 00:00:36,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passenger jet look there's no that's</font>
+
+11
+00:00:35,060 --> 00:00:38,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right because it can be mistaken for a</font>
+
+12
+00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:39,829
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one no letters past K or within the</font>
+
+13
+00:00:38,450 --> 00:00:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plane is the limit the mothers always</font>
+
+14
+00:00:39,829 --> 00:00:42,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">appear around idli and not in sequence</font>
+
+15
+00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:43,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but the letters have little runs of</font>
+
+16
+00:00:42,590 --> 00:00:45,019
+<font color="white" size=".72c">sequence all over the place</font>
+
+17
+00:00:43,699 --> 00:00:47,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">families and couples sitting together</font>
+
+18
+00:00:45,019 --> 00:00:49,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">earlier Jumbo's wide enough to meet with</font>
+
+19
+00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:50,390
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a Takei or Rose past 55 which is why</font>
+
+20
+00:00:49,010 --> 00:00:51,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there's always an upstairs there's a row</font>
+
+21
+00:00:50,390 --> 00:00:53,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">13 which eliminates the more</font>
+
+22
+00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:54,469
+<font color="white" size=".72c">superstitious Airlines and there's a</font>
+
+23
+00:00:53,210 --> 00:00:56,059
+<font color="white" size=".72c">style of the flight number zero zero</font>
+
+24
+00:00:54,469 --> 00:00:57,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">seven that eliminates a few more and</font>
+
+25
+00:00:56,059 --> 00:00:58,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assuming the British point of origin</font>
+
+26
+00:00:57,050 --> 00:00:59,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which would be logical considering the</font>
+
+27
+00:00:58,370 --> 00:01:00,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">original source of the information and</font>
+
+28
+00:00:59,629 --> 00:01:02,149
+<font color="white" size=".72c">assuming from the increased pressure on</font>
+
+29
+00:01:00,739 --> 00:01:03,499
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you lately that the crisis is imminent</font>
+
+30
+00:01:02,149 --> 00:01:05,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the only flight matches all the criteria</font>
+
+31
+00:01:03,499 --> 00:01:07,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">departs within the week is the 6:30 to</font>
+
+32
+00:01:05,870 --> 00:01:10,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Baltimore tomorrow hit from ether</font>
+
+33
+00:01:07,070 --> 00:01:12,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">airport visa feel obliged to tell me</font>
+
+34
+00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:13,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">those remarkable amazing chance express</font>
+
+35
+00:01:12,409 --> 00:01:15,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their thoughts on every possible variant</font>
+
+36
+00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:18,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">available to the English language I</font>
+
+37
+00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">would have you right here on this desk</font>
+
+38
+00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:26,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">until you begged for mercy twice John</font>
+
+39
+00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:30,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">please can you check those flight</font>
+
+40
+00:01:26,750 --> 00:01:36,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">schedules see if I'm right all right</font>
+
+41
+00:01:30,650 --> 00:01:36,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">yeah hmm never beg for mercy money twice</font>
+

subtitle/biiLScgI3u4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+1
+00:00:02,700 --> 00:00:05,769
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:10,070 --> 00:00:14,909
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+3
+00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:22,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+4
+00:00:19,439 --> 00:00:22,439
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+5
+00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:37,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+6
+00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:37,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+7
+00:00:38,630 --> 00:00:55,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+8
+00:00:58,950 --> 00:01:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+9
+00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+10
+00:01:20,700 --> 00:01:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+11
+00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:32,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+12
+00:01:33,130 --> 00:01:40,979
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+13
+00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+14
+00:01:47,509 --> 00:02:20,810
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+15
+00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">my</font>
+
+16
+00:02:20,810 --> 00:02:28,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+17
+00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:28,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+18
+00:02:29,750 --> 00:02:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+19
+00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so</font>
+
+20
+00:02:45,370 --> 00:02:55,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+21
+00:02:53,760 --> 00:03:04,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+22
+00:02:55,640 --> 00:03:04,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+23
+00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:13,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do</font>
+
+24
+00:03:13,220 --> 00:04:47,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+25
+00:04:49,780 --> 00:04:56,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+26
+00:04:59,450 --> 00:05:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+27
+00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do you</font>
+

subtitle/ce_uHxXsUWA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+1
+00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:07,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Until now, the only way to renew a US passport was 
+through the mail by going to the post office. In  </font>
+
+2
+00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:13,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">August 2022, the State Department launched a pilot 
+program that allowed a limited number of people to  </font>
+
+3
+00:00:13,140 --> 00:00:18,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">renew their passports online in August and then 
+again in October. I did not share information  </font>
+
+4
+00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:23,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about this online program when it launched because 
+it was brand new and I didn't want all of you to  </font>
+
+5
+00:00:23,700 --> 00:00:29,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be guinea pigs. With any new program, it takes a 
+few months of running to smooth out all the kinks. </font>
+
+6
+00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:34,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So now that they've run it for a few months, 
+let's talk about how it works. Currently,  </font>
+
+7
+00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:39,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it opens up for a limited amount of time 
+every month. Once they get a certain number  </font>
+
+8
+00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:43,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of applications, they close it out for a month 
+and then open it again the following month. Once  </font>
+
+9
+00:00:43,740 --> 00:00:48,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they've made all the adjustments they need 
+to make sure it runs smoothly, I expect that  </font>
+
+10
+00:00:48,420 --> 00:00:53,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this online program will be made permanent and 
+available to the entire public later this year. </font>
+
+11
+00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:59,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At the time that this video was filmed, here's 
+who qualifies to renew their passport online. If  </font>
+
+12
+00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:04,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this changes, I will publish an updated video, but 
+if you don't see one, then this information still  </font>
+
+13
+00:01:04,739 --> 00:01:11,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">holds true. Let's go to the State Department 
+website to see what criteria you need to meet  </font>
+
+14
+00:01:11,220 --> 00:01:17,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in order to apply for your passport online. This 
+is the homepage and it has changed a little bit  </font>
+
+15
+00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:22,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">since some of my last videos, so that's also 
+why I wanted to show it to you. You simply  </font>
+
+16
+00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:28,380
+<font color="white" size=".72c">click on get a US passport, and now, since you're 
+renewing you'll go to, I already have a passport,  </font>
+
+17
+00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:33,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and you'll see that there are two options, whereas 
+before there used to be one. I'm an adult renewing  </font>
+
+18
+00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:38,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">by mail, which is what we've historically 
+done, and I'm an adult renewing online.  </font>
+
+19
+00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:43,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And so, now, when you go here, you'll see that 
+it gives you some information and it tells  </font>
+
+20
+00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you that it's temporarily open and it's limited 
+release and all the things I mentioned earlier. </font>
+
+21
+00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:53,759
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, how do I know if I can renew online? It's 
+laid out here pretty well, so I'm just going to  </font>
+
+22
+00:01:53,759 --> 00:01:59,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">run through this, but if you want more time to 
+read this, just head on over to the site like  </font>
+
+23
+00:01:59,280 --> 00:02:05,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I've shown you. But basically, your most recent 
+passport was valid for 10 years and you're over  </font>
+
+24
+00:02:05,100 --> 00:02:11,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the age of 25 in order to be able to do this. 
+Your recent passport was issued over 9 years,  </font>
+
+25
+00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:17,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but less than 15 years from the date you plan to 
+submit your application, and it's okay if your  </font>
+
+26
+00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:23,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passport is expired. Now, you're not changing 
+your name, gender, date of birth or place of  </font>
+
+27
+00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:28,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">birth. If you need to change any of these things, 
+you'll have to apply through mail. You're not  </font>
+
+28
+00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:32,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">traveling internationally for at least six weeks 
+from the date you will submit your application. </font>
+
+29
+00:02:33,300 --> 00:02:39,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">While the processing times are the same, I do 
+think that if you're in a bit more of a rush,  </font>
+
+30
+00:02:39,300 --> 00:02:44,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then I would definitely apply via mail because 
+there are a few different options to make it come  </font>
+
+31
+00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a little quicker. Then again, you're applying 
+for a regular passport, which is most of you.  </font>
+
+32
+00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:56,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you have a special passport, then you cannot do 
+this. You live in the US. This is very important.  </font>
+
+33
+00:02:56,760 --> 00:03:02,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You cannot do this online if you're living in a 
+foreign country. You do have your passport with  </font>
+
+34
+00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:09,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you, it's not damaged and you've never reported 
+it lost or stolen, and you do keep your recent  </font>
+
+35
+00:03:09,060 --> 00:03:14,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">passport. You don't have to mail it to them when 
+you apply online. Like I mentioned, the payment  </font>
+
+36
+00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:19,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">methods have to be the ones I described. You can't 
+do money order or check or anything like that. </font>
+
+37
+00:03:20,460 --> 00:03:24,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then, very important, you need to be 
+able to upload a digital passport photo,  </font>
+
+38
+00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it's very easy to do this. You can do the same 
+thing as before. You can go to a CVS, Walgreens,  </font>
+
+39
+00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:35,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rite Aid, wherever you can get a passport photo, 
+but you tell them that you need a digital photo  </font>
+
+40
+00:03:35,220 --> 00:03:41,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and they will put it on a USB drive for you, 
+which you can then upload to your application,  </font>
+
+41
+00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:47,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and be aware that when you apply online, 
+even though you're not sending your passport,  </font>
+
+42
+00:03:47,700 --> 00:03:52,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the second you submit your application, that 
+passport is no longer valid for international  </font>
+
+43
+00:03:52,980 --> 00:04:00,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">travel. These are the criteria as of the time of 
+the filming of this video that you need to meet. </font>
+
+44
+00:04:01,860 --> 00:04:07,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, if you meet these criteria and want to 
+proceed, this is what you have to do. It's pretty  </font>
+
+45
+00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:13,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clear on the website. You create and activate 
+your MyTravelGov account. It's very easy. You just  </font>
+
+46
+00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:19,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">follow this link and do it to. To activate the 
+account, they will send you a verification email,  </font>
+
+47
+00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you must click on it, and then you wait up to 
+24 hours for them to register your account.  </font>
+
+48
+00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:31,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">After 24 hours, you can log in and click on the 
+renew passport button to start your application.  </font>
+
+49
+00:04:32,820 --> 00:04:36,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Again, if you can't do it during this 
+limited release, they will open it up  </font>
+
+50
+00:04:36,180 --> 00:04:40,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again the following month. Then, they give 
+you your support numbers, these are the same  </font>
+
+51
+00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:47,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">support numbers they've always have as well as an 
+email address. That is really it. There are a few  </font>
+
+52
+00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:52,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">more frequently answered questions here, but 
+let's get into a little bit more information. </font>
+
+53
+00:04:53,220 --> 00:04:59,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you've waited 24 hours and still do not see the 
+option to renew your passport online, they might  </font>
+
+54
+00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:03,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have closed the portal for the month and received 
+the max number of applications that they're able  </font>
+
+55
+00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:09,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to accept. If that happens, I recommend just 
+filing your renewal the old-fashioned way  </font>
+
+56
+00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:14,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">through the mail. Either way, the processing 
+times are the same. For more information on  </font>
+
+57
+00:05:14,700 --> 00:05:18,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">how to do that, check out this video.
+Eventually, they will open this up to  </font>
+
+58
+00:05:18,900 --> 00:05:24,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">everyone and everyone will be able to see this 
+renew your passport online option as long as  </font>
+
+59
+00:05:24,540 --> 00:05:31,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you meet the criteria. Now, can you renew a 
+passport card online? Yes, you can renew both  </font>
+
+60
+00:05:31,440 --> 00:05:38,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a passport and passport card online, but only if 
+you already have one. If you only have a passport  </font>
+
+61
+00:05:38,100 --> 00:05:44,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which you want to renew, but you also want to 
+get a passport card for the first time, you  </font>
+
+62
+00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cannot do that online. For that, you'll have to 
+apply via mail, which I explain in this video.  </font>
+
+63
+00:05:51,240 --> 00:05:58,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As for payment, it costs the same, which is $130 
+for the passport book and $30 for the passport  </font>
+
+64
+00:05:58,320 --> 00:06:05,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">card, plus any optional fees like expediting 
+for $60. If you'd like one to two-day delivery,  </font>
+
+65
+00:06:05,220 --> 00:06:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then an additional $18 to $19 for that.
+When you are filling out your application online,  </font>
+
+66
+00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:15,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it will take you to a page where you can see all 
+these options and select whatever you'd like.  </font>
+
+67
+00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It will have to be with a credit card or debit 
+card or ACH, which directly transfers the funds  </font>
+
+68
+00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:27,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from your bank account to theirs. For that, 
+you'll need your bank routing number as well  </font>
+
+69
+00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:34,740
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as the account number. Just a reminder, you only 
+need a passport card if you intend on driving over  </font>
+
+70
+00:06:34,740 --> 00:06:40,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the border, either from Canada to the US and 
+vice versa or from the US to Mexico and back.  </font>
+
+71
+00:06:41,220 --> 00:06:45,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you're mostly interested in air 
+travel, you don't need a passport card. </font>
+
+72
+00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:51,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Everyone wants to know how long it will take for 
+their passport to get renewed. I want to show you  </font>
+
+73
+00:06:51,780 --> 00:06:56,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the best way to figure this out regardless of 
+when you watch this video. The easiest thing is  </font>
+
+74
+00:06:56,700 --> 00:07:02,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to go back to the State Department website. I'm on 
+the homepage, click on US passports, and they now  </font>
+
+75
+00:07:02,700 --> 00:07:08,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">actually have a tab called Get My Passport Fast. 
+That gives you all your different options. Now,  </font>
+
+76
+00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:14,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for renewal, if you just expand this here where it 
+says expedited renewal, currently, whether you're  </font>
+
+77
+00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:20,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">renewing or applying for a passport for the first 
+time, the expedited option that you're paying  </font>
+
+78
+00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:26,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the $60 for is the next three to five weeks.
+Now, this changes routinely. During the pandemic,  </font>
+
+79
+00:07:26,220 --> 00:07:33,420
+<font color="white" size=".72c">it was much longer, and this is just a guideline, 
+but in order to take advantage of this timeline,  </font>
+
+80
+00:07:33,420 --> 00:07:38,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I would recommend you mail the form instead 
+of doing it online, because online it says,  </font>
+
+81
+00:07:39,300 --> 00:07:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if you're expecting it in less than six weeks, we 
+can't promise that. If you do want your passport  </font>
+
+82
+00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:51,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the next three to five weeks, this is the best 
+way. I was just speaking to a couple this past  </font>
+
+83
+00:07:51,180 --> 00:07:57,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">week that both applied for their passports and one 
+person received it after one week and the other  </font>
+
+84
+00:07:57,180 --> 00:08:02,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is going on four weeks and is still waiting. 
+They will get it to you within that window,  </font>
+
+85
+00:08:02,580 --> 00:08:08,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but even if you applied on the exact same day from 
+the exact same post office, you may not get them  </font>
+
+86
+00:08:08,580 --> 00:08:13,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">at the exact same time. So just keep that in mind.
+Now, I just want to point out that they've said  </font>
+
+87
+00:08:13,980 --> 00:08:20,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the processing times are the same between 
+applying via mail and online, but they also say  </font>
+
+88
+00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:25,620
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that if you need your passport and are traveling 
+in the next six weeks to apply via mail and not  </font>
+
+89
+00:08:25,620 --> 00:08:30,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">online. That is somewhat of a contradictory 
+statement, and in the future, this will not  </font>
+
+90
+00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:37,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">be. Once the program is completely rolled out and 
+is an option available to everybody, the timelines  </font>
+
+91
+00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:45,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">will be exactly the same ranges across both online 
+as well as via mail. This is just in this interim  </font>
+
+92
+00:08:45,180 --> 00:08:50,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">phase while they're sorting out the kinks. If 
+you're not in a rush, I would do it online,  </font>
+
+93
+00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:58,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but if you have travel planned in the next six 
+weeks, then I would recommend doing it via mail. </font>
+
+94
+00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:02,940
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One other thing to know about the online 
+application is that once you start it,  </font>
+
+95
+00:09:02,940 --> 00:09:08,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you have 30 days to complete it, so you can save 
+and close out and come back to it if you aren't  </font>
+
+96
+00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:13,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">able to complete it in one sitting. If you have 
+any other questions about passports in general,  </font>
+
+97
+00:09:13,020 --> 00:09:17,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have several videos about applying for 
+passports for the first time, renewals, and soon,  </font>
+
+98
+00:09:17,820 --> 00:09:24,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'll be publishing one about emergency travel. If 
+you found this video helpful, be sure to subscribe  </font>
+
+99
+00:09:24,060 --> 00:09:28,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to the channel, share it with anyone that it 
+might help, and I'll see you in the next video.</font>
+

subtitle/ckn9zybpYZ8.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+1
+00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:11,090
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+2
+00:00:09,040 --> 00:00:12,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Parkinson's is the second most common</font>
+
+3
+00:00:11,090 --> 00:00:15,830
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neurodegenerative disease after</font>
+
+4
+00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:17,650
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Alzheimer's the most visible features of</font>
+
+5
+00:00:15,830 --> 00:00:21,279
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this disease are a slowness of movement</font>
+
+6
+00:00:17,650 --> 00:00:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">muscle rigidity and tremors at rest</font>
+
+7
+00:00:21,279 --> 00:00:26,689
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are also many often debilitating</font>
+
+8
+00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:28,869
+<font color="white" size=".72c">non-motor symptoms some of which may</font>
+
+9
+00:00:26,689 --> 00:00:31,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">present before the motor problems</font>
+
+10
+00:00:28,869 --> 00:00:33,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Parkinson's affects many areas of the</font>
+
+11
+00:00:31,220 --> 00:00:35,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">nervous system and different types of</font>
+
+12
+00:00:33,140 --> 00:00:37,699
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neurons however much focus has been</font>
+
+13
+00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:40,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">placed on neurons in brain regions</font>
+
+14
+00:00:37,699 --> 00:00:43,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">associated with the overt motor symptoms</font>
+
+15
+00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:46,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">notably a region of the midbrain called</font>
+
+16
+00:00:43,010 --> 00:00:48,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the substantia pars compacta this</font>
+
+17
+00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:49,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">region forms part of a major pathway in</font>
+
+18
+00:00:48,110 --> 00:00:52,460
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the brain that's critical for</font>
+
+19
+00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:54,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">facilitating movements in Parkinson's</font>
+
+20
+00:00:52,460 --> 00:00:56,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dopaminergic neurons in the substantia</font>
+
+21
+00:00:54,409 --> 00:00:58,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c"> gradually died leading to the</font>
+
+22
+00:00:56,989 --> 00:01:01,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">malfunction of this pathway and the</font>
+
+23
+00:00:58,670 --> 00:01:03,199
+<font color="white" size=".72c">characteristic motor problems drugs that</font>
+
+24
+00:01:01,070 --> 00:01:05,089
+<font color="white" size=".72c">replace or mimic dopamine are often used</font>
+
+25
+00:01:03,199 --> 00:01:10,220
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to treat these modes of deficits but</font>
+
+26
+00:01:05,089 --> 00:01:12,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they grow less effective over time deep</font>
+
+27
+00:01:10,220 --> 00:01:15,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">brain stimulation may also be used to</font>
+
+28
+00:01:12,409 --> 00:01:18,850
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treat symptoms however no current</font>
+
+29
+00:01:15,079 --> 00:01:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">treatment slows the neuro degeneration a</font>
+
+30
+00:01:18,850 --> 00:01:23,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">distinctive pathology in most cases of</font>
+
+31
+00:01:21,320 --> 00:01:26,179
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Parkinson's is clumps of misfolded</font>
+
+32
+00:01:23,450 --> 00:01:29,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">proteins within neurons Lewy bodies are</font>
+
+33
+00:01:26,179 --> 00:01:29,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the most common type</font>
+
+34
+00:01:31,580 --> 00:01:36,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a characteristic components of these is</font>
+
+35
+00:01:34,130 --> 00:01:38,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a misfolded protein called alpha</font>
+
+36
+00:01:36,050 --> 00:01:41,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">synuclein these molecules can form small</font>
+
+37
+00:01:38,930 --> 00:01:45,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">repeated units called oligomers or</font>
+
+38
+00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:47,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">longer fibrous mounting evidence</font>
+
+39
+00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:49,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">indicates that these are toxic to</font>
+
+40
+00:01:47,300 --> 00:01:53,900
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neurons and play a key role in driving</font>
+
+41
+00:01:49,580 --> 00:01:55,580
+<font color="white" size=".72c">parkinson's unwanted proteins are</font>
+
+42
+00:01:53,900 --> 00:01:57,610
+<font color="white" size=".72c">normally cleared by the cells different</font>
+
+43
+00:01:55,580 --> 00:02:00,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">types of protein degrading machinery</font>
+
+44
+00:01:57,610 --> 00:02:02,180
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some evidence points to these systems</font>
+
+45
+00:02:00,050 --> 00:02:04,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">being overwhelmed by misfolded alpha</font>
+
+46
+00:02:02,180 --> 00:02:07,370
+<font color="white" size=".72c">synuclein and this might be a key factor</font>
+
+47
+00:02:04,430 --> 00:02:09,020
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in what kills the neurons parkinson's</font>
+
+48
+00:02:07,370 --> 00:02:11,990
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has also been linked to problems with</font>
+
+49
+00:02:09,020 --> 00:02:13,700
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mitochondria mitochondria provides cells</font>
+
+50
+00:02:11,990 --> 00:02:16,070
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with the energy to perform vital</font>
+
+51
+00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:18,050
+<font color="white" size=".72c">functions their highly dynamic and</font>
+
+52
+00:02:16,070 --> 00:02:20,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">confused together or break up into</font>
+
+53
+00:02:18,050 --> 00:02:22,579
+<font color="white" size=".72c">smaller versions in response to a cell's</font>
+
+54
+00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:24,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">energy demands they can also be</font>
+
+55
+00:02:22,579 --> 00:02:26,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transported to areas of a cell that need</font>
+
+56
+00:02:24,770 --> 00:02:29,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">them the most</font>
+
+57
+00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:33,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">however in Parkinson's these processes</font>
+
+58
+00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:35,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">can be impaired and mitochondria are</font>
+
+59
+00:02:33,350 --> 00:02:37,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unable to sustain proper neuronal</font>
+
+60
+00:02:35,300 --> 00:02:37,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">function</font>
+
+61
+00:02:38,980 --> 00:02:45,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as they become old or damaged</font>
+
+62
+00:02:41,260 --> 00:02:48,099
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mitochondria are removed and replaced</font>
+
+63
+00:02:45,060 --> 00:02:50,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">again this recycling is thought to be</font>
+
+64
+00:02:48,099 --> 00:02:52,239
+<font color="white" size=".72c">disrupted in Parkinson's leading to the</font>
+
+65
+00:02:50,319 --> 00:02:56,260
+<font color="white" size=".72c">accumulation of damaged or worn out</font>
+
+66
+00:02:52,239 --> 00:02:58,510
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mitochondria another idea is that the</font>
+
+67
+00:02:56,260 --> 00:03:00,569
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cells called glia surrounding neurons</font>
+
+68
+00:02:58,510 --> 00:03:03,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">may play a role in Parkinson's as</font>
+
+69
+00:03:00,569 --> 00:03:05,739
+<font color="white" size=".72c">dopamine neurons are lost one particular</font>
+
+70
+00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:07,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">type of grille cell called microgram is</font>
+
+71
+00:03:05,739 --> 00:03:09,250
+<font color="white" size=".72c">thought to take up the resulting</font>
+
+72
+00:03:07,299 --> 00:03:12,069
+<font color="white" size=".72c">cellular debris triggering an immune</font>
+
+73
+00:03:09,250 --> 00:03:14,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">response once activated they release</font>
+
+74
+00:03:12,069 --> 00:03:16,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inflammatory cytokines which activate</font>
+
+75
+00:03:14,290 --> 00:03:18,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">neighboring microglia and another type</font>
+
+76
+00:03:16,450 --> 00:03:20,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of glial cell called astrocytes</font>
+
+77
+00:03:18,329 --> 00:03:22,780
+<font color="white" size=".72c">chemicals released by activated micro</font>
+
+78
+00:03:20,950 --> 00:03:28,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">clear and astrocytes have been shown to</font>
+
+79
+00:03:22,780 --> 00:03:30,430
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in general it remains unclear which</font>
+
+80
+00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:33,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mechanisms drive the disease process in</font>
+
+81
+00:03:30,430 --> 00:03:34,989
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Parkinson's what is clear is that with</font>
+
+82
+00:03:33,130 --> 00:03:38,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">time more areas of the nervous system</font>
+
+83
+00:03:34,989 --> 00:03:40,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">developed pathology and one emerging</font>
+
+84
+00:03:38,590 --> 00:03:42,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">idea is that this happens through the</font>
+
+85
+00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:46,540
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transmission of misfolded alpha</font>
+
+86
+00:03:42,010 --> 00:03:48,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">synuclein while a multifactorial nature</font>
+
+87
+00:03:46,540 --> 00:03:50,980
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of Parkinson's disease progression might</font>
+
+88
+00:03:48,519 --> 00:03:52,359
+<font color="white" size=".72c">make it hard to fully understand it does</font>
+
+89
+00:03:50,980 --> 00:03:54,819
+<font color="white" size=".72c">provide a number of potential</font>
+
+90
+00:03:52,359 --> 00:03:56,410
+<font color="white" size=".72c">therapeutic targets for slowing or even</font>
+
+91
+00:03:54,819 --> 00:03:59,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">halting the neuro degeneration</font>
+
+92
+00:03:56,410 --> 00:04:01,269
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for example enhancing the clearance of</font>
+
+93
+00:03:59,049 --> 00:04:04,299
+<font color="white" size=".72c">abnormal proteins and blocking their</font>
+
+94
+00:04:01,269 --> 00:04:08,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">transmission improving the function of</font>
+
+95
+00:04:04,299 --> 00:04:11,049
+<font color="white" size=".72c">mitochondria and targeting the neuro</font>
+
+96
+00:04:08,109 --> 00:04:12,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">inflammation are all currently active</font>
+
+97
+00:04:11,049 --> 00:04:16,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">areas of research</font>
+
+98
+00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:16,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">[Music]</font>
+
+99
+00:04:17,988 --> 00:04:20,048
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+
+100
+00:04:29,150 --> 00:04:31,210
+<font color="white" size=".72c">you</font>
+

subtitle/dphq5X-rMew.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+1
+00:00:00,099 --> 00:00:02,889
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is British explorer, Percy Fawcett.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,889 --> 00:00:04,503
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He was last heard from here...</font>
+
+3
+00:00:04,503 --> 00:00:07,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">deep in the Amazon rainforest in 1925.</font>
+
+4
+00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:11,770
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He was on his eighth expedition in the Amazon,
+and he had one objective:</font>
+
+5
+00:00:11,770 --> 00:00:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To find the ruins of a lost city</font>
+
+6
+00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,137
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that he called “Z”.</font>
+
+7
+00:00:16,137 --> 00:00:19,658
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The idea was based on rumors that had circulated
+for centuries</font>
+
+8
+00:00:19,658 --> 00:00:23,624
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that there were once large cities, filled
+with people, deep in the Amazon.</font>
+
+9
+00:00:24,221 --> 00:00:27,859
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But Fawcett never found Z, or any other city.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:27,859 --> 00:00:29,721
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And for decades after his disappearance,</font>
+
+11
+00:00:29,721 --> 00:00:33,109
+<font color="white" size=".72c">experts believed that this rainforest was
+simply too hostile</font>
+
+12
+00:00:33,109 --> 00:00:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and too remote to have ever support cities.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:39,756
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Until recently, when scientists began finding
+these.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:39,756 --> 00:00:41,947
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These ditches and mounds are man-made.</font>
+
+15
+00:00:41,947 --> 00:00:44,692
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And they’re all over the rainforest.</font>
+
+16
+00:00:44,692 --> 00:00:48,511
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Now, archaeologists think they finally know
+the answer to an ancient mystery:</font>
+
+17
+00:00:48,511 --> 00:00:51,456
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where are the lost cities of the Amazon?</font>
+
+18
+00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:02,231
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"Here was the capital of the empire of the
+Incas, Cusco."</font>
+
+19
+00:01:02,231 --> 00:01:05,710
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"Many fine massive walls built by the ancient
+inhabitants</font>
+
+20
+00:01:05,710 --> 00:01:08,505
+<font color="white" size=".72c">centuries before the Spaniards came, 
+still stand..."</font>
+
+21
+00:01:09,326 --> 00:01:14,197
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the 16th century, European colonizers poured
+into Central and South America</font>
+
+22
+00:01:14,197 --> 00:01:17,908
+<font color="white" size=".72c">bringing with them soldiers, disease, 
+and plans to conquer it.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:17,908 --> 00:01:20,088
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They encountered many groups 
+of indigenous people</font>
+
+24
+00:01:20,088 --> 00:01:23,030
+<font color="white" size=".72c">some of whom, had long-ago 
+built huge cities.</font>
+
+25
+00:01:23,030 --> 00:01:27,801
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Like Tenochtitlan, founded by the Mexica people
+around 1325 AD.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:27,801 --> 00:01:31,243
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And Cusco, founded by the Incas 
+around 1200 AD.</font>
+
+27
+00:01:31,243 --> 00:01:33,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The cities were constructed with stone</font>
+
+28
+00:01:33,079 --> 00:01:35,557
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and featured well-planned roads and neighborhoods.</font>
+
+29
+00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:40,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Europeans took over both of them,
+and by the middle of the 16th century</font>
+
+30
+00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:42,639
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were hearing rumors of another city, where:</font>
+
+31
+00:01:42,639 --> 00:01:46,488
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"A great Lord... goes about continually covered
+in gold dust."</font>
+
+32
+00:01:46,488 --> 00:01:48,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"And washes it away at night."</font>
+
+33
+00:01:48,890 --> 00:01:52,053
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Those rumors eventually became 
+the legend of El Dorado</font>
+
+34
+00:01:52,053 --> 00:01:55,491
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a city made of gold, hidden in 
+the Amazon rainforest.</font>
+
+35
+00:01:55,491 --> 00:01:58,369
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These impressive cities made a golden city
+seem plausible</font>
+
+36
+00:01:58,369 --> 00:02:01,821
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so many Europeans set off 
+in search of El Dorado.</font>
+
+37
+00:02:01,821 --> 00:02:03,629
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But they all failed.</font>
+
+38
+00:02:04,510 --> 00:02:07,809
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Most ended in starvation, disease, and death.</font>
+
+39
+00:02:07,809 --> 00:02:12,671
+<font color="white" size=".72c">No one found a golden city, but they did record
+signs that one could exist.</font>
+
+40
+00:02:12,671 --> 00:02:14,666
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Spanish explorers claimed to see:</font>
+
+41
+00:02:14,666 --> 00:02:16,551
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“Cities that glistened in white.”</font>
+
+42
+00:02:16,551 --> 00:02:18,201
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“Great quantities of maize and oats.”</font>
+
+43
+00:02:18,201 --> 00:02:20,290
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“A town of disproportionate size..."</font>
+
+44
+00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:22,902
+<font color="white" size=".72c">"and a chief with gold idols... 
+and other riches”.</font>
+
+45
+00:02:22,902 --> 00:02:26,450
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“Very large towns, to such an extent that
+they were astounded.”</font>
+
+46
+00:02:26,450 --> 00:02:29,470
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Explorations continued over 
+the next 200 years or so</font>
+
+47
+00:02:29,470 --> 00:02:31,950
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but by the 19th century, the 
+legend of el Dorado</font>
+
+48
+00:02:31,950 --> 00:02:33,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">had been dismissed as a myth.</font>
+
+49
+00:02:34,129 --> 00:02:37,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It wasn’t until the early 20th century that
+these reports inspired</font>
+
+50
+00:02:37,329 --> 00:02:40,397
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a British explorer to revive the search.</font>
+
+51
+00:02:41,546 --> 00:02:45,618
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For two decades, Fawcett scoured the Amazon
+for remnants of an ancient city</font>
+
+52
+00:02:45,618 --> 00:02:47,590
+<font color="white" size=".72c">focusing on two areas.</font>
+
+53
+00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:49,874
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The western Amazon, in Bolivia.</font>
+
+54
+00:02:49,874 --> 00:02:52,021
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And the southern Amazon, in Brazil.</font>
+
+55
+00:02:52,021 --> 00:02:56,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But he couldn’t find any of the things 
+the early Europeans observed.</font>
+
+56
+00:02:56,240 --> 00:02:58,890
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He met indigenous people, but described them
+in his letters</font>
+
+57
+00:02:58,890 --> 00:03:01,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as living in small groups and simple villages.</font>
+
+58
+00:03:01,872 --> 00:03:04,429
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And he didn’t find any sign of stone ruins.</font>
+
+59
+00:03:04,429 --> 00:03:08,456
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This seemed to support what had become a near
+consensus among experts at the time:</font>
+
+60
+00:03:08,456 --> 00:03:12,969
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That this rainforest was too inhospitable
+to support large, complex societies.</font>
+
+61
+00:03:12,969 --> 00:03:14,259
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let alone cities.</font>
+
+62
+00:03:14,259 --> 00:03:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Modern research estimates that 
+around Fawcett’s time</font>
+
+63
+00:03:16,880 --> 00:03:20,776
+<font color="white" size=".72c">only a couple hundred-thousand people lived
+in the entire Amazon rainforest.</font>
+
+64
+00:03:20,776 --> 00:03:23,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">More racist theories, at that time, held that
+these indigenous people</font>
+
+65
+00:03:23,670 --> 00:03:26,208
+<font color="white" size=".72c">were too unsophisticated to build cities.</font>
+
+66
+00:03:26,208 --> 00:03:30,140
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And others pointed to the Amazon’s soil,
+which appeared to be too infertile</font>
+
+67
+00:03:30,140 --> 00:03:32,755
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to support the necessary large-scale agriculture.</font>
+
+68
+00:03:32,755 --> 00:03:35,504
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But Fawcett was determined 
+to prove cities existed.</font>
+
+69
+00:03:35,504 --> 00:03:38,999
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And in the final letter to his wife, 
+Fawcett assured her by writing:</font>
+
+70
+00:03:38,999 --> 00:03:41,558
+<font color="white" size=".72c">“You need have no fear of any failure."</font>
+
+71
+00:03:42,230 --> 00:03:45,064
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then left his camp here and 
+was never seen again.</font>
+
+72
+00:03:46,840 --> 00:03:52,060
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For next several decades, the Amazon was believed
+to have always been relatively empty.</font>
+
+73
+00:03:52,060 --> 00:03:54,670
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But it turns out Fawcett was looking in the
+right place</font>
+
+74
+00:03:54,670 --> 00:03:56,596
+<font color="white" size=".72c">just for the wrong thing.</font>
+
+75
+00:03:56,596 --> 00:03:58,929
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One clue Fawcett missed was in the soil.</font>
+
+76
+00:03:58,929 --> 00:04:02,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the 1960s, scientists discovered patches
+of extremely fertile soil.</font>
+
+77
+00:04:02,930 --> 00:04:06,329
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Analysis showed it contained much more nutrients
+than usual.</font>
+
+78
+00:04:06,329 --> 00:04:08,621
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They called it terra preta, or black earth.</font>
+
+79
+00:04:08,621 --> 00:04:12,690
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And found lots of it in the Amazon, 
+especially along rivers.</font>
+
+80
+00:04:12,690 --> 00:04:15,110
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Further studies revealed it was created 
+by human waste</font>
+
+81
+00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or the intentional burning of the forest</font>
+
+82
+00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:19,906
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which adds nutrients to the soil below.</font>
+
+83
+00:04:19,906 --> 00:04:25,820
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Terra Preta was evidence that large-scale
+agriculture was possible in the Amazon.</font>
+
+84
+00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:29,484
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The next clue Fawcett missed would’ve also
+been hard to spot.</font>
+
+85
+00:04:29,484 --> 00:04:32,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the 1990s, along the Xingu river in Brazil</font>
+
+86
+00:04:32,350 --> 00:04:35,150
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a team of archaeologists, led by 
+University of Florida’s</font>
+
+87
+00:04:35,150 --> 00:04:38,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dr. Michael Heckenberger, made 
+a remarkable discovery.</font>
+
+88
+00:04:38,760 --> 00:04:43,063
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Working with the local indigenous people,
+they investigated these very long ditches.</font>
+
+89
+00:04:43,063 --> 00:04:47,487
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And, after mapping them, realized these ditches
+were signs of a large settlement.</font>
+
+90
+00:04:47,487 --> 00:04:51,409
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They were the remnants of carefully designed
+walls, centered around a plaza.</font>
+
+91
+00:04:51,872 --> 00:04:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And some were roads that led to more settlements.</font>
+
+92
+00:04:55,552 --> 00:04:59,369
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In fact, just this part of the Amazon, about
+the size of New Jersey,</font>
+
+93
+00:04:59,369 --> 00:05:01,599
+<font color="white" size=".72c">was once a network of more than dozens of
+settlements</font>
+
+94
+00:05:01,599 --> 00:05:03,870
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that experts believe could have been home
+to at least</font>
+
+95
+00:05:03,870 --> 00:05:08,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">50,000 people between 1250 and 1650 AD.</font>
+
+96
+00:05:08,280 --> 00:05:10,100
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These settlements were designed 
+to get the most</font>
+
+97
+00:05:10,100 --> 00:05:12,350
+<font color="white" size=".72c">out of the forest, without depleting it:</font>
+
+98
+00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:15,436
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There were delineated areas for gardens and
+orchards.</font>
+
+99
+00:05:15,436 --> 00:05:17,846
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And deeply forested areas between settlements</font>
+
+100
+00:05:17,846 --> 00:05:20,766
+<font color="white" size=".72c">used for keeping animals and medicinal plants.</font>
+
+101
+00:05:21,602 --> 00:05:23,986
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These were the lost cities of the Amazon.</font>
+
+102
+00:05:23,986 --> 00:05:26,046
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And there were many more.</font>
+
+103
+00:05:26,046 --> 00:05:28,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Over the past few decades, experts 
+have uncovered evidence</font>
+
+104
+00:05:28,660 --> 00:05:31,108
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of large settlements all over the Amazon.</font>
+
+105
+00:05:31,108 --> 00:05:35,300
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A network of trenches, here, date back to
+200 - 1200AD</font>
+
+106
+00:05:35,300 --> 00:05:38,466
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and suggest settlements that could’ve supported
+60,000 people.</font>
+
+107
+00:05:38,466 --> 00:05:41,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Which is much bigger than many European cities
+at that time.</font>
+
+108
+00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And in Bolivia, scientists recently used 
+satellite technology</font>
+
+109
+00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:49,500
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to reveal remnants of U-shaped buildings
+on the top of pyramids 22 meters tall.</font>
+
+110
+00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:52,773
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All these discoveries are leading experts
+to form a new consensus</font>
+
+111
+00:05:52,773 --> 00:05:54,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the lost cities in the Amazon were once</font>
+
+112
+00:05:54,840 --> 00:05:56,491
+<font color="white" size=".72c">‘home to millions of people’.</font>
+
+113
+00:05:57,670 --> 00:06:00,530
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fawcett didn’t find large populations of
+indigenous people</font>
+
+114
+00:06:00,530 --> 00:06:05,130
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because an estimated 80-95% had died
+from smallpox and measles</font>
+
+115
+00:06:05,130 --> 00:06:08,104
+<font color="white" size=".72c">spread by the first generation 
+of European colonizers</font>
+
+116
+00:06:08,104 --> 00:06:11,356
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between the 16th and 17th centuries.</font>
+
+117
+00:06:11,356 --> 00:06:15,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And he didn’t find stone ruins because,
+unlike Cusco and Tenochtitlan</font>
+
+118
+00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:18,630
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Amazon’s indigenous people built with
+wood and earth,</font>
+
+119
+00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:20,930
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which decompose over time.</font>
+
+120
+00:06:20,930 --> 00:06:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What remained was an Amazon full of dense
+vegetation</font>
+
+121
+00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:25,660
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and swaths of infertile soil</font>
+
+122
+00:06:25,660 --> 00:06:28,010
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that appeared to be untouched by humans</font>
+
+123
+00:06:28,010 --> 00:06:31,486
+<font color="white" size=".72c">when, in fact, humans had been 
+engineering it for centuries.</font>
+
+124
+00:06:31,486 --> 00:06:35,750
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These lost cities show how humans and 
+the rainforest once co-existed.</font>
+
+125
+00:06:35,750 --> 00:06:39,112
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A relationship we’ve only just begun to
+understand.</font>
+

subtitle/eAIKvD_gLJo.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2930 @@
+1
+00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:03,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For a long time,
+they were just stones.</font>
+
+2
+00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:04,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But those days are gone.</font>
+
+3
+00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:09,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You can use a Gua Sha stone
+not only as an anti-aging tool,</font>
+
+4
+00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:11,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but also to do something
+good for your skin</font>
+
+5
+00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and relax your facial muscles.</font>
+
+6
+00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:16,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some are supposed
+to help against wrinkles;</font>
+
+7
+00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">others, so they say,
+are for happiness.</font>
+
+8
+00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:23,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...lots of different crystals...</font>
+
+9
+00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and spirituality.</font>
+
+10
+00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:28,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I really believe in it...</font>
+
+11
+00:00:29,480 --> 00:00:32,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Minerals and crystals
+have become big business.</font>
+
+12
+00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:34,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But looking behind
+the scenes is difficult.</font>
+
+13
+00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We hope you understand, but we
+do not comment on our suppliers.</font>
+
+14
+00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We want to understand
+what’s behind this trend</font>
+
+15
+00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and where these stones come from.</font>
+
+16
+00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:48,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s not okay. It shouldn’t be okay.</font>
+
+17
+00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:53,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Who pays, and at what price?</font>
+
+18
+00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:05,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’re on our way to Hannover</font>
+
+19
+00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:06,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to find out more
+about this trend</font>
+
+20
+00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:09,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that’s become so
+popular on social media.</font>
+
+21
+00:01:13,039 --> 00:01:14,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I personally love crystals.</font>
+
+22
+00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:17,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I feel like they hold a very,
+very, very beautiful energy.</font>
+
+23
+00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:22,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Influencers show how to use
+facial rollers and Gua Sha stones.</font>
+
+24
+00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:26,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and then out to the side.</font>
+
+25
+00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:31,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Roll over the area under your eyes
+and get that lymphatic fluid moving.</font>
+
+26
+00:01:33,960 --> 00:01:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...from your eyelid to your ear...</font>
+
+27
+00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:38,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...seven times per side...</font>
+
+28
+00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:42,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and then you won't need
+anti-aging creams anymore.</font>
+
+29
+00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:46,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And even stars are
+talking about these stones.</font>
+
+30
+00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:49,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Hi Vogue. I’m Claudia Schiffer.</font>
+
+31
+00:01:49,039 --> 00:01:50,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-I'm Bill.
+-It's Kendall.</font>
+
+32
+00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:51,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm Badmomzjay.</font>
+
+33
+00:01:51,759 --> 00:01:54,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...and today, I’m going to
+show you what’s in my bag.</font>
+
+34
+00:01:54,720 --> 00:01:58,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And reveal their
+favourites in stylised clips.</font>
+
+35
+00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:04,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Lots of different crystals.</font>
+
+36
+00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:05,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This one is in the
+shape of a heart.</font>
+
+37
+00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is rose quartz.
+Energy for love, and self-love.</font>
+
+38
+00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:15,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I seem like I’m not the
+type for it, but I do have this.</font>
+
+39
+00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:20,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Will we also find this trend here, at
+the crystal trade show in Hannover?</font>
+
+40
+00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:27,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stones as far as the eye can see.
+And lots of rose quartz.</font>
+
+41
+00:02:30,640 --> 00:02:32,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What brought you here today?</font>
+
+42
+00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:36,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I came with my wife.</font>
+
+43
+00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:38,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She’s interested in
+minerals and crystals</font>
+
+44
+00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:40,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for their various
+spiritual effects.</font>
+
+45
+00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:44,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She uses them while meditating.</font>
+
+46
+00:02:46,680 --> 00:02:49,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Normally there are just
+classic stone collectors here.</font>
+
+47
+00:02:49,760 --> 00:02:51,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But there are also new fans.</font>
+
+48
+00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:57,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As kids you collected
+them as a hobby.</font>
+
+49
+00:02:57,079 --> 00:02:59,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But I think, especially
+in our generation,</font>
+
+50
+00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:02,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we’re re-finding the effects
+all of these stones have on you.</font>
+
+51
+00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:08,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Right, and especially
+in our generation</font>
+
+52
+00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:12,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there’s a lot on social media
+about crystals and what they can do.</font>
+
+53
+00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:14,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I think that’s why there’s
+this renewed interest.</font>
+
+54
+00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:20,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What kind of crystals
+do you have at home?</font>
+
+55
+00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:22,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have stones and jewellery.</font>
+
+56
+00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:25,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Stones that go on desks,
+and yeah, also jewellery.</font>
+
+57
+00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:28,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you also have
+facial rollers or Gua Sha?</font>
+
+58
+00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:30,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yeah, rose quartz.</font>
+
+59
+00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Exactly, rose quartz.</font>
+
+60
+00:03:33,079 --> 00:03:35,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How did you become
+aware of these crystals?</font>
+
+61
+00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:36,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where did you learn about them?</font>
+
+62
+00:03:37,720 --> 00:03:41,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Social media. They’re trending
+right now, especially on TikTok.</font>
+
+63
+00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:45,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These new guests
+even have a name here.</font>
+
+64
+00:03:48,079 --> 00:03:50,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We call them our TikTok girls.</font>
+
+65
+00:03:50,120 --> 00:03:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They’re between 12 to 17 or 18.</font>
+
+66
+00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Some come after school,
+some even before.</font>
+
+67
+00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:00,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And they’re pretty keen to buy.</font>
+
+68
+00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:04,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They like the classics
+like rose quartz, amethyst,</font>
+
+69
+00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or the famous
+gypsum selenite.</font>
+
+70
+00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:11,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We actually suddenly
+sold out of those favourites</font>
+
+71
+00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">last year between
+March and June,</font>
+
+72
+00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:19,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also green aventurine.
+We were baffled.</font>
+
+73
+00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:24,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If you have time,
+could you show me on TikTok?</font>
+
+74
+00:04:26,840 --> 00:04:27,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sure...</font>
+
+75
+00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There are also people
+who talk about their benefits</font>
+
+76
+00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:32,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and the best way to use them.</font>
+
+77
+00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:35,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you know rose quartz?</font>
+
+78
+00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:39,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rose quartz is the stone
+for everything to do with love.</font>
+
+79
+00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:42,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In posts that make big promises,</font>
+
+80
+00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:45,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">these crystals are touted
+as esoteric marvels.</font>
+
+81
+00:04:53,159 --> 00:04:56,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Gemstones with healing
+properties are trendy right now.</font>
+
+82
+00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is rose quartz.
+It’s a really wonderful crystal.</font>
+
+83
+00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:04,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s calming, and is something
+of a protective crystal.</font>
+
+84
+00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It helps us develop compassion</font>
+
+85
+00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and it can also help
+open our heart chakra.</font>
+
+86
+00:05:11,960 --> 00:05:13,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I really believe in it.</font>
+
+87
+00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:15,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because for me, there’s
+no reason not to believe in it.</font>
+
+88
+00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:20,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many of the people we
+speak to here in Hannover</font>
+
+89
+00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:23,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also believe in the
+crystals reputed powers.</font>
+
+90
+00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:26,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The demand for these
+stones is growing.</font>
+
+91
+00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:28,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But where exactly
+do they come from?</font>
+
+92
+00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One place in particular is on
+a lot of labels: Madagascar.</font>
+
+93
+00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:38,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many of the retailers don’t want to
+talk about their suppliers on camera.</font>
+
+94
+00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we find one who does.</font>
+
+95
+00:05:43,960 --> 00:05:46,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Where do you get
+your stones from?</font>
+
+96
+00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you go to the countries
+directly or how does it work?</font>
+
+97
+00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:52,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">No, I have good
+wholesalers in Germany</font>
+
+98
+00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:54,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who have contacts
+in those countries.</font>
+
+99
+00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:56,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For example,
+this rose quartz</font>
+
+100
+00:05:56,520 --> 00:06:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is high quality rose quartz from
+Madagascar, cut in Madagascar.</font>
+
+101
+00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:04,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you should know that the
+conditions there are very, very poor.</font>
+
+102
+00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:07,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The people are bearers
+or shepherds by profession.</font>
+
+103
+00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:10,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There’s no education
+system like ours.</font>
+
+104
+00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:14,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People have to start hauling stones
+at the age of 14. That’s their job.</font>
+
+105
+00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:19,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So you would say this is a
+kind of developmental support?</font>
+
+106
+00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:23,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s support within the framework
+of what’s possible in their culture.</font>
+
+107
+00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:27,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If the country develops,
+then the social system will too.</font>
+
+108
+00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:35,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But usually little support reaches
+countries in the global south.</font>
+
+109
+00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:39,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Instead, they mainly serve as
+cheap suppliers of raw materials.</font>
+
+110
+00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:43,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Miners often work under
+dangerous conditions,</font>
+
+111
+00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:46,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">something that’s been a
+problem for a long time.</font>
+
+112
+00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:53,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A landslide in a mining
+region in northern Myanmar</font>
+
+113
+00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:56,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">has killed more than 90 people,
+according to authorities.</font>
+
+114
+00:06:56,360 --> 00:06:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many more are still missing.</font>
+
+115
+00:06:58,080 --> 00:06:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The jade industry is lucrative,</font>
+
+116
+00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:02,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but hardly any of it reaches
+the people living here.</font>
+
+117
+00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:07,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Dusty hot goldmines in Asia,</font>
+
+118
+00:07:07,840 --> 00:07:10,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">considered one of the
+world's worst places to work.</font>
+
+119
+00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:13,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Only children can fit
+into the narrow drafts.</font>
+
+120
+00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It is hunger that drives
+most families here,</font>
+
+121
+00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:22,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">forcing them to risk their lives
+every day in the illegal mines.</font>
+
+122
+00:07:27,040 --> 00:07:30,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We can't find much on rose
+quartz mines in Madagascar,</font>
+
+123
+00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">except for an article in the
+British newspaper The Guardian</font>
+
+124
+00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:35,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about the mining.</font>
+
+125
+00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:39,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to this, the mining
+conditions are devastating.</font>
+
+126
+00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:41,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We investigate further</font>
+
+127
+00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:44,159
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and find out that based
+on export volumes,</font>
+
+128
+00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:45,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madagascar is
+one of the world’s</font>
+
+129
+00:07:45,920 --> 00:07:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">top three export nations of
+precious and semi-precious stones.</font>
+
+130
+00:07:53,159 --> 00:07:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The country sells quantities almost
+as large as export giant Brazil.</font>
+
+131
+00:07:58,600 --> 00:08:03,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How is it that a relatively
+small country exports so much?</font>
+
+132
+00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:11,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And do stones from Madagascar
+also end up in Germany?</font>
+
+133
+00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:13,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To find out, we asked
+large German companies</font>
+
+134
+00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:17,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which countries they get
+their rose quartz products from,</font>
+
+135
+00:08:17,040 --> 00:08:18,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and who their suppliers are.</font>
+
+136
+00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:22,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thank you very much for your email.</font>
+
+137
+00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:25,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We hope you understand, but we
+do not comment on our suppliers.</font>
+
+138
+00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:26,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Great.</font>
+
+139
+00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:31,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Other companies
+didn't respond at all.</font>
+
+140
+00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:37,039
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I hate these hotlines.</font>
+
+141
+00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:47,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yeah... so our messages to the
+companies didn’t really bear fruit.</font>
+
+142
+00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:49,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They were all tight lipped
+or didn't respond at all.</font>
+
+143
+00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We decide to have a look at the
+situation directly in Madagascar.</font>
+
+144
+00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But that’s not so easy.</font>
+
+145
+00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:03,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The Embassy does not
+issue visas for filming</font>
+
+146
+00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:07,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">without prior approval from the
+relevant authorities in Madagascar.</font>
+
+147
+00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:10,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And then here’s a long
+list of required documents...</font>
+
+148
+00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...which took a while.</font>
+
+149
+00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:18,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I’m extremely stressed because
+we’re flying Saturday morning.</font>
+
+150
+00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:21,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s Thursday today, and
+we still don't have a visa</font>
+
+151
+00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:23,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and for that we need
+a shooting permit.</font>
+
+152
+00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:28,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’ve been told it’s on its way for
+three days - but it’s still not here.</font>
+
+153
+00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:33,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In the end, it all worked out...</font>
+
+154
+00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:37,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">...just in time.</font>
+
+155
+00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madagascar is the largest
+island in the Indian Ocean.</font>
+
+156
+00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:46,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The country is around as big as
+France, its former colonial power.</font>
+
+157
+00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:52,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We landed in Antananarivo,
+Madagascar’s capital.</font>
+
+158
+00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:05,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our colleague Holly
+picked us up at the airport.</font>
+
+159
+00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:08,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She has been researching
+this topic for a long time</font>
+
+160
+00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and knows a lot about
+mining in Madagascar.</font>
+
+161
+00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:14,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The plan was for her to
+accompany us for the whole trip.</font>
+
+162
+00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But she wasn’t the only one.</font>
+
+163
+00:10:19,680 --> 00:10:21,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">On the very first morning,</font>
+
+164
+00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:23,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Madagascar welcomed
+us with a chaperone,</font>
+
+165
+00:10:23,680 --> 00:10:26,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who works for the Ministry
+of Communications.</font>
+
+166
+00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:30,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Olivia was to accompany
+us from now on.</font>
+
+167
+00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:34,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This was a condition for
+us to be allowed to film.</font>
+
+168
+00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:38,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Holly was also there that morning
+and helped us out by interpreting.</font>
+
+169
+00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:43,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I was wondering
+if it's like normal</font>
+
+170
+00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:48,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that film teams have to take
+someone from the ministry with them.</font>
+
+171
+00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:54,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's very normal...
+very normal to do that.</font>
+
+172
+00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:58,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It protects them, it protects
+each of us and our jobs.</font>
+
+173
+00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:02,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, we are their companions.
+But we’re not only that.</font>
+
+174
+00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We are also facilitators,
+especially for these teams,</font>
+
+175
+00:11:06,680 --> 00:11:10,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as we are agents of the state.
+We make things possible,</font>
+
+176
+00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:14,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">help speed up processes, for
+example, when going somewhere.</font>
+
+177
+00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:22,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What a strange situation.</font>
+
+178
+00:11:22,560 --> 00:11:26,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We just met the woman who will
+be accompanying us the entire trip.</font>
+
+179
+00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:29,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have to see what
+the smartest move is now.</font>
+
+180
+00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:31,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’ve come up with
+a few plans to lose her,</font>
+
+181
+00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:35,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we clearly can’t have her
+with us when things get a bit tricky.</font>
+
+182
+00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:37,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">No one at the mines
+will talk with us freely</font>
+
+183
+00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:40,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if there’s someone from the
+ministry standing next to us.</font>
+
+184
+00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:46,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We had initially planned to
+go directly to a mining area.</font>
+
+185
+00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we decide it’s better to take
+Olivia to a more harmless place first,</font>
+
+186
+00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:54,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">in the hopes that we can
+find a way to go without her.</font>
+
+187
+00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:57,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We started with an
+innocuous tour of the capital.</font>
+
+188
+00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:01,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We needed two cars,
+because our complete team,</font>
+
+189
+00:12:01,520 --> 00:12:04,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">driver, interpreters and
+Olivia were coming along.</font>
+
+190
+00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:14,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It quickly became apparent</font>
+
+191
+00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:18,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that things are very different
+when you’re in such a large group.</font>
+
+192
+00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:21,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It makes it much harder</font>
+
+193
+00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to have normal conversations
+with people on the ground.</font>
+
+194
+00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:34,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I have to say, I’d rather it were just
+two of us walking through the streets.</font>
+
+195
+00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:38,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The woman from the ministry is
+also wearing a bright blue vest,</font>
+
+196
+00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:40,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with the word ‘media’ on the back.</font>
+
+197
+00:12:40,560 --> 00:12:43,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So everyone knows,
+ok, they’re here...</font>
+
+198
+00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:47,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It actually says
+‘media supervision’...</font>
+
+199
+00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:50,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's just... very obvious.</font>
+
+200
+00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is not undercover.</font>
+
+201
+00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We drive back to the
+hotel to meet with someone</font>
+
+202
+00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:01,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who works for Transparency
+International Madagascar.</font>
+
+203
+00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:15,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Valéry oversees everything to do with
+mining at Transparency International.</font>
+
+204
+00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:23,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He tells us the miners’ situation
+is a most urgent problem.</font>
+
+205
+00:13:24,560 --> 00:13:27,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The number of miners
+are increasing every year.</font>
+
+206
+00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:36,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we have up to 500,000 people that
+are working in the mining sectors.</font>
+
+207
+00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:39,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we don't know, we
+don't have a full detail</font>
+
+208
+00:13:39,760 --> 00:13:45,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about their numbers
+or their identity.</font>
+
+209
+00:13:45,560 --> 00:13:47,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So that’s also one
+of the problems.</font>
+
+210
+00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:49,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We don't know who they are.</font>
+
+211
+00:13:49,480 --> 00:13:53,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They're just flocking
+from here to here</font>
+
+212
+00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and moving from one
+location to another.</font>
+
+213
+00:13:57,880 --> 00:13:59,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We learned from
+Valery that currently</font>
+
+214
+00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:03,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">most mining in Madagascar
+takes place without a permit,</font>
+
+215
+00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:07,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also because the government
+put a freeze on new permits in 2011.</font>
+
+216
+00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:11,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Around 80 percent of mines are
+therefore makeshift or ‘artisanal’,</font>
+
+217
+00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:13,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with human bodies
+rather than machines</font>
+
+218
+00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:16,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">pulling the crystals
+out of the ground.</font>
+
+219
+00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:18,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We wanted to go
+and see these mines.</font>
+
+220
+00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:19,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we were worried</font>
+
+221
+00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our state agent chaperone could
+cause problems for the workers.</font>
+
+222
+00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Especially as immediately
+after our interview,</font>
+
+223
+00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:27,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">she went to question
+Valéry, and took notes.</font>
+
+224
+00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:32,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s a very strange situation.</font>
+
+225
+00:14:32,280 --> 00:14:34,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I went over to find
+out what she’s doing.</font>
+
+226
+00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:36,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">She’s asking him
+what he told us.</font>
+
+227
+00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:39,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To be honest,
+I'm a bit stressed,</font>
+
+228
+00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because I told him that
+we want to go to the mines.</font>
+
+229
+00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:48,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Luckily, Olivia doesn’t
+hear about those plans.</font>
+
+230
+00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:52,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To be on the safe side,
+instead of going to the mines,</font>
+
+231
+00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:55,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we go to the coastal
+town of Toamasina.</font>
+
+232
+00:14:56,920 --> 00:15:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The town is the most important
+trading port in Madagascar.</font>
+
+233
+00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:04,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We want to find out what
+routes the rose quartz takes —</font>
+
+234
+00:15:04,800 --> 00:15:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">from the mines to the port, and
+from here to all over the world.</font>
+
+235
+00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We need three permits to
+be allowed to shoot in the port.</font>
+
+236
+00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:16,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’d submitted the
+applications before our trip.</font>
+
+237
+00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:23,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the port director doesn’t accept
+the verbal agreement from customs.</font>
+
+238
+00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:25,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we have to
+leave the premises.</font>
+
+239
+00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:30,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Instead of being able to observe rose
+quartz being loaded onto the ships,</font>
+
+240
+00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:32,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and interviewing
+workers and exporters,</font>
+
+241
+00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:36,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we find ourselves back
+outside the port facility.</font>
+
+242
+00:15:38,640 --> 00:15:42,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm a bit annoyed because
+now we can’t go to the port</font>
+
+243
+00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:43,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">even though we were initially told</font>
+
+244
+00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:47,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we had all of these
+20,000 necessary permits.</font>
+
+245
+00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:54,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Olivia, our supervisor from
+the Ministry of Communications,</font>
+
+246
+00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:58,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">also wasn’t able to help us,
+contrary to what she’d said.</font>
+
+247
+00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:02,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And that wasn’t all.</font>
+
+248
+00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:08,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So it turned out this woman
+tested positive for Covid,</font>
+
+249
+00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which made the ridiculous
+situation even more absurd,</font>
+
+250
+00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:16,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because she started
+coughing two or three days ago.</font>
+
+251
+00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:18,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fortunately, we were
+still testing negative.</font>
+
+252
+00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:22,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We continued on our journey,
+heading to Antsirabé.</font>
+
+253
+00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:26,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Olivia had to go into quarantine.</font>
+
+254
+00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:31,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Meaning we were able go to
+the rose quartz mines without her.</font>
+
+255
+00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:36,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our base was in Antsirabé,
+the largest city in the region.</font>
+
+256
+00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:44,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Travel times in Madagascar
+tend to be long,</font>
+
+257
+00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:46,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so we set off early
+in the morning.</font>
+
+258
+00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s around 5 a.m.,
+I’m still really tired.</font>
+
+259
+00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:58,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’re going to the mines now.</font>
+
+260
+00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:00,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s a three hour drive plus a walk.</font>
+
+261
+00:17:00,640 --> 00:17:03,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Let’s see what awaits us.
+In any case, things are tense.</font>
+
+262
+00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:07,319
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to the World Bank,</font>
+
+263
+00:17:07,319 --> 00:17:10,079
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about 80 percent of
+Madagascar’s population</font>
+
+264
+00:17:10,079 --> 00:17:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">lives below the
+international poverty line.</font>
+
+265
+00:17:14,319 --> 00:17:16,839
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rural areas in particular are poor.</font>
+
+266
+00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:21,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Pretty much the only jobs here
+are in agriculture or in the mines.</font>
+
+267
+00:17:24,440 --> 00:17:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To get to one of these mines,
+we have to leave the paved road.</font>
+
+268
+00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:39,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We just came to a mine that
+we know is run by one family.</font>
+
+269
+00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:41,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we can't go
+to the mine itself.</font>
+
+270
+00:17:41,880 --> 00:17:43,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's closed.</font>
+
+271
+00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:47,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">There was an accident and
+someone was seriously injured.</font>
+
+272
+00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:51,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our search continues.</font>
+
+273
+00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:54,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our interpreter helps
+us ask questions</font>
+
+274
+00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:57,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as we look for a mine
+that’s still in operation.</font>
+
+275
+00:18:03,120 --> 00:18:06,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We've just received the location
+of a mine and are on our way.</font>
+
+276
+00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:14,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I look like I'm on safari.</font>
+
+277
+00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And it’s great. You’re wearing a
+Jack Wolfskin Backpack! How typical.</font>
+
+278
+00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My grandma gave it to me.</font>
+
+279
+00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We are not sure how
+people will react to us.</font>
+
+280
+00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:34,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’re almost there now, it’s
+just ten more minutes on foot.</font>
+
+281
+00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:37,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we’re going to
+first turn off the camera</font>
+
+282
+00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:40,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we want to and should
+meet people without it first.</font>
+
+283
+00:18:43,360 --> 00:18:45,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But they’re already expecting us.</font>
+
+284
+00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:49,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">People here don’t mind us
+visiting, and we can keep filming.</font>
+
+285
+00:18:50,040 --> 00:18:53,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rose quartz deposits exist in
+various places in Madagascar.</font>
+
+286
+00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:56,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here, it’s under just
+a thin layer of soil.</font>
+
+287
+00:18:57,200 --> 00:19:00,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Freshly mined, the stones
+can be extremely sharp.</font>
+
+288
+00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:03,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is one of the reasons
+why working in mines</font>
+
+289
+00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">is considered one of the
+worst forms of child labor,</font>
+
+290
+00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:08,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and why labor laws in Madagascar</font>
+
+291
+00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:12,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">prohibit anyone under the
+age of 18 from working in them.</font>
+
+292
+00:19:13,120 --> 00:19:15,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">These two boys seem to know that.</font>
+
+293
+00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:17,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They stop when they see us filming.</font>
+
+294
+00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:23,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But later, they get back to work,
+carrying the heavy stones.</font>
+
+295
+00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">One of them, Naina, is even willing
+to talk to us. He’s 15 years old.</font>
+
+296
+00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:39,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My parents both work here too.</font>
+
+297
+00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I’m the eldest and I have three
+younger siblings. They’re over there.</font>
+
+298
+00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:52,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My parents brought me here
+because we don’t have enough money.</font>
+
+299
+00:19:54,320 --> 00:19:57,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We ask Naina what he would like
+to change, if possible.</font>
+
+300
+00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:01,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I’d like to go back to school.</font>
+
+301
+00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:09,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In Madagascar, only 63 percent
+of children finish primary school.</font>
+
+302
+00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to Unicef in 2018,</font>
+
+303
+00:20:12,880 --> 00:20:16,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">one fifth of 15- to 24-year-olds
+couldn’t read or write.</font>
+
+304
+00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What I’d like to become? A doctor.</font>
+
+305
+00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:26,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not all children from
+Naina's village go to school.</font>
+
+306
+00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:29,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We don't know
+how many there are.</font>
+
+307
+00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:32,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Often parents cannot
+afford the school fees,</font>
+
+308
+00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:35,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so they take their
+children with them to work.</font>
+
+309
+00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:40,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Another worker agrees
+to be interviewed.</font>
+
+310
+00:20:42,840 --> 00:20:45,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My name is Sisia.
+I’m 20 years old.</font>
+
+311
+00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:49,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I feel tired because of work.</font>
+
+312
+00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:54,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We talk to him about the two
+younger boys working here.</font>
+
+313
+00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:00,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It is absolutely forbidden.</font>
+
+314
+00:21:00,560 --> 00:21:02,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But because the families
+don’t earn enough,</font>
+
+315
+00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:04,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">children have to
+help their parents.</font>
+
+316
+00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:08,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's not okay. It should not be okay.</font>
+
+317
+00:21:11,000 --> 00:21:13,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sisia experienced a similar fate.</font>
+
+318
+00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:19,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When I was 16, I dropped out
+of school to help my parents.</font>
+
+319
+00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:21,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because life was unaffordable.</font>
+
+320
+00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I would have preferred to go to
+school, but that's not how life is.</font>
+
+321
+00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:28,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Life got harder, so I had
+to support my parents.</font>
+
+322
+00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’ve brought along a rose quartz
+facial roller from Germany.</font>
+
+323
+00:21:34,360 --> 00:21:36,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Have you ever seen
+something like this?</font>
+
+324
+00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:39,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is quartz.</font>
+
+325
+00:21:46,560 --> 00:21:49,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is what it looks like when
+it's been polished by machines.</font>
+
+326
+00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:53,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is our product after
+it's been mined here.</font>
+
+327
+00:21:54,040 --> 00:21:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here we just dig it up and then people
+abroad make something like this.</font>
+
+328
+00:21:58,280 --> 00:21:59,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Is that gold around it?</font>
+
+329
+00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:01,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That’s metal.</font>
+
+330
+00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:04,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Metal? And what’s it for?
+Decoration?</font>
+
+331
+00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s amazing.</font>
+
+332
+00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:17,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s like a facial roller and you
+have to go like this...</font>
+
+333
+00:22:22,360 --> 00:22:25,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sisia and the other
+labourers seem amused.</font>
+
+334
+00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:28,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the mood changes
+when we discuss the prices</font>
+
+335
+00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">such products are
+sold for in Europe.</font>
+
+336
+00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:36,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Sometimes they sell
+them for like 40 Euros.</font>
+
+337
+00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:40,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Did you hear that?</font>
+
+338
+00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:45,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I’m rather shocked
+that it’s so expensive.</font>
+
+339
+00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For me, that means the
+price here should increase too.</font>
+
+340
+00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:55,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The bigger the pieces
+the men mine, the better.</font>
+
+341
+00:22:55,480 --> 00:23:00,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They are paid 400 ariary per kilo
+- equivalent to around 10 cents.</font>
+
+342
+00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:03,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The price of two cigarettes
+in the village here.</font>
+
+343
+00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:14,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many of the labourers live in
+the village with their families.</font>
+
+344
+00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:18,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to estimates, nearly
+half of children in Madagascar</font>
+
+345
+00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:21,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">between the ages of five
+and seventeen have to work.</font>
+
+346
+00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:24,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We meet Tovo,
+from the mine.</font>
+
+347
+00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:29,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He used to work in a gold mine.
+Now, it’s rose quartz.</font>
+
+348
+00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:31,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He shows us his home,</font>
+
+349
+00:23:31,120 --> 00:23:34,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where he lives with his wife
+and one-year-old daughter.</font>
+
+350
+00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:37,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is our house.</font>
+
+351
+00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:42,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is the bedroom.</font>
+
+352
+00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:47,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is where we
+cook and store things.</font>
+
+353
+00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:58,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When I started working,
+I began to lose weight</font>
+
+354
+00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:00,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because I had to
+provide for my family.</font>
+
+355
+00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:02,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My energy level went down.</font>
+
+356
+00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:06,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I could see it was not enough because
+I was also providing for my family.</font>
+
+357
+00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:12,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And how is it now at
+the rose quartz mine?</font>
+
+358
+00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:18,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It’s hard. It’s hard because when
+there is no money, no income,</font>
+
+359
+00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:21,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we still have to live and
+this is the only thing we have.</font>
+
+360
+00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:24,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we have to work even if it’s hard.</font>
+
+361
+00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:29,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Could you imagine your
+kid working at the mines?</font>
+
+362
+00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:36,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I wish they didn’t have to go there.</font>
+
+363
+00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:39,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But because of this poverty
+they will have to work there.</font>
+
+364
+00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:42,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They’ll have to go there
+if there is no other job</font>
+
+365
+00:24:43,160 --> 00:24:47,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because with our jobs, we can’t
+really afford to send them to school.</font>
+
+366
+00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:53,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We learn that
+typically children here</font>
+
+367
+00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:56,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">start to work in mines
+when they are 16,</font>
+
+368
+00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:58,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">although some
+are as young as 13.</font>
+
+369
+00:24:59,120 --> 00:25:02,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Even younger than that, they
+help their parents in the fields.</font>
+
+370
+00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:13,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Back in the car, we feel strange.</font>
+
+371
+00:25:13,720 --> 00:25:17,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It hasn’t feel right for us white,
+female journalists from Europe</font>
+
+372
+00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:19,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to examine people’s lives here.</font>
+
+373
+00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:22,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we also believe it's important</font>
+
+374
+00:25:22,960 --> 00:25:25,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to report on something
+few people are aware of.</font>
+
+375
+00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:31,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We drive to another mine.</font>
+
+376
+00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But along the way, a
+problem presents itself.</font>
+
+377
+00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:39,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Although Olivia is back
+in the capital with Covid,</font>
+
+378
+00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:42,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Ministry of Communications
+hasn’t let up.</font>
+
+379
+00:25:42,560 --> 00:25:46,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They've kept calling. So we
+came up with an excuse.</font>
+
+380
+00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:50,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm now writing to the woman
+from the Ministry of Communications</font>
+
+381
+00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:52,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to say that we’re
+leaving on Sunday</font>
+
+382
+00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:55,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because we had too much
+trouble at the start of our trip,</font>
+
+383
+00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and our editors won’t
+give us any more money,</font>
+
+384
+00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:00,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that we have
+to go back to Germany.</font>
+
+385
+00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So we’re telling a big fat lie
+and let’s hope she believes it.</font>
+
+386
+00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:14,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Luckily for us, there’s no cell
+phone reception at the mines.</font>
+
+387
+00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:17,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Showing us the way there is Jimmy.</font>
+
+388
+00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because even if we don't have
+the Ministry with us anymore,</font>
+
+389
+00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:23,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we’re always either announced
+or accompanied by someone.</font>
+
+390
+00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:25,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This time it’s Jimmy.</font>
+
+391
+00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:34,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Jimmy is a sort of
+foreman at the mine.</font>
+
+392
+00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The owner hired him to supervise
+the work here - and now us, too.</font>
+
+393
+00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:41,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He hardly leaves our side.</font>
+
+394
+00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:47,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This mine is very remote. And
+the deepest we visit on our trip.</font>
+
+395
+00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:51,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">According to research
+by the Guardian,</font>
+
+396
+00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">younger children are often
+used for digging new mines.</font>
+
+397
+00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:57,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We’d heard rumours that
+that’s also happened here,</font>
+
+398
+00:26:57,520 --> 00:26:59,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but we can’t confirm it.</font>
+
+399
+00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:03,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">All the workers here
+say they’re over eighteen.</font>
+
+400
+00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:10,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">My name is Andrianasandratra
+and I am 21 years old.</font>
+
+401
+00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I started mining when
+I was 17 years old.</font>
+
+402
+00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:17,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">A few months ago
+this mine collapsed.</font>
+
+403
+00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:20,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The workers had
+to dig the hole again.</font>
+
+404
+00:27:24,920 --> 00:27:26,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">No, no one was hurt.</font>
+
+405
+00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:28,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It collapsed while
+nobody was working.</font>
+
+406
+00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:30,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It collapsed when
+we weren't working.</font>
+
+407
+00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:35,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We ask if the work is dangerous.</font>
+
+408
+00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:38,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, if you aren't careful it is.</font>
+
+409
+00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:42,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We ask if he ever
+saw someone get hurt.</font>
+
+410
+00:27:43,840 --> 00:27:47,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, I did. He was in the
+tunnel and the rocks collapsed.</font>
+
+411
+00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:48,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Did he die?</font>
+
+412
+00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:49,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Mmhmm.</font>
+
+413
+00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Jimmy, the foreman, says it's rare
+that labourers get hurt.</font>
+
+414
+00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:57,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But that doesn’t look
+to be the case to us.</font>
+
+415
+00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:02,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Almost everyone we’ve seen in the
+mines has cuts on their arms and legs.</font>
+
+416
+00:28:06,360 --> 00:28:07,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's a bit heavy.</font>
+
+417
+00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:14,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">When we ask what the labourers
+think about the working conditions,</font>
+
+418
+00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:16,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">their answer sounds a bit forced.</font>
+
+419
+00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:19,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We are always careful.</font>
+
+420
+00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:23,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We recognize when it is dangerous.
+Then we don't go down.</font>
+
+421
+00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Aren’t you worried?</font>
+
+422
+00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:29,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, we are worried.</font>
+
+423
+00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:33,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But this is how we earn money.
+So we have to do it.</font>
+
+424
+00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:37,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Another worker tells us
+that the work they do</font>
+
+425
+00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:40,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">isn’t for people,
+but for machines.</font>
+
+426
+00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:43,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They would like to use
+machines themselves.</font>
+
+427
+00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:46,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But for that, they’d need
+a permit from the state.</font>
+
+428
+00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:50,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And those are too expensive,
+and stopped being issued years ago.</font>
+
+429
+00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:59,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We ask how heavy the stones are
+that they have to carry.</font>
+
+430
+00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They can weigh up to 160 kilos.
+Sometimes 120 or 110.</font>
+
+431
+00:29:07,840 --> 00:29:11,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have seen how hard people
+- including those underage —</font>
+
+432
+00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:14,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">have to work in mines
+to help feed their families.</font>
+
+433
+00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Without protective clothing,
+without fixed working hours</font>
+
+434
+00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:21,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and sometimes for the measly sum
+of just 10 cents per kilo.</font>
+
+435
+00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:23,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The longer we are here,</font>
+
+436
+00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:27,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the more absurd the hype around
+the stones in Germany seems to us.</font>
+
+437
+00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:30,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We are back in Antsirabé,</font>
+
+438
+00:29:30,280 --> 00:29:34,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where many exporters who ship
+rose quartz worldwide are located.</font>
+
+439
+00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:37,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We have an appointment with Fidy,</font>
+
+440
+00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:40,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who sells stones from
+the last mine we visited.</font>
+
+441
+00:29:43,280 --> 00:29:45,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We make export and we collect,</font>
+
+442
+00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:51,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">so when we have order we can
+buy many stone, variety of stone.</font>
+
+443
+00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:54,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He shows us his depot.</font>
+
+444
+00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:58,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The stones, they are around 27 tons.</font>
+
+445
+00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:00,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">27, for one container?</font>
+
+446
+00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:05,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For one container.
+This is for India.</font>
+
+447
+00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">An order from India.
+We will load this on Saturday.</font>
+
+448
+00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:13,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Fidy has specialised in
+rose quartz since 2010.</font>
+
+449
+00:30:13,760 --> 00:30:16,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He shows us the containers
+he ships out every month.</font>
+
+450
+00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This container is full.
+Like these 27 tones inside.</font>
+
+451
+00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:25,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">-And we put this after...
+-Ah, the seal.</font>
+
+452
+00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:28,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And is this also China?</font>
+
+453
+00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:31,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Uh, no. This for India.</font>
+
+454
+00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:33,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Who buys the most
+stones from you?</font>
+
+455
+00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:35,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Chinese and Indians.</font>
+
+456
+00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:46,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Until now I don't have customers
+from Europe, from USA, from America.</font>
+
+457
+00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It's always Chinese and Indian men.</font>
+
+458
+00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:53,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">He says that with rose quartz it's
+easy to get large quantities quickly.</font>
+
+459
+00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:57,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It takes his miners around
+one month to fill one container.</font>
+
+460
+00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:00,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We ask how the
+demand has evolved.</font>
+
+461
+00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:07,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In 2015 nobody wanted to
+buy rose quartz. One year.</font>
+
+462
+00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:11,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But now demand is up. We don't
+know what will happen next year.</font>
+
+463
+00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:20,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Maybe down because we are depending
+on markets in China. In the big city.</font>
+
+464
+00:31:22,520 --> 00:31:25,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The stones rarely
+go directly to Europe.</font>
+
+465
+00:31:26,760 --> 00:31:30,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Instead, they usually go to China
+or India, where they are processed.</font>
+
+466
+00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:35,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do you think that
+the companies</font>
+
+467
+00:31:35,520 --> 00:31:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who sell these products,
+these processed stones in Germany,</font>
+
+468
+00:31:39,800 --> 00:31:45,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">do they know... can they know
+where the stones are from?</font>
+
+469
+00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:50,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I'm sure they don't know.</font>
+
+470
+00:31:51,080 --> 00:31:54,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because I think German traders
+buy in bulk from China.</font>
+
+471
+00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:57,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If asked, Chinese sellers
+probably wouldn’t say</font>
+
+472
+00:31:57,800 --> 00:31:59,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that the stones are
+from Madagascar,</font>
+
+473
+00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:00,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">because they would be afraid</font>
+
+474
+00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:03,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that big customers from Germany
+would come here directly.</font>
+
+475
+00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:09,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So I think they don't know...
+I am sure they don't know.</font>
+
+476
+00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:18,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our research in Madagascar
+had come to an end.</font>
+
+477
+00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:21,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We learned a lot about the
+mines and the working conditions</font>
+
+478
+00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:25,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and about how important
+China is as a trading partner.</font>
+
+479
+00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:29,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Again and again, we were told
+about the many Chinese buyers.</font>
+
+480
+00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:32,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We didn’t manage to
+talk to one in Madagascar,</font>
+
+481
+00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:35,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but official figures
+confirm what we were told.</font>
+
+482
+00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:42,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">About half of the precious and
+semi-precious stones from Madagascar</font>
+
+483
+00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:44,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">are exported to China.</font>
+
+484
+00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:48,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Germany is ranked fourth
+among export destinations</font>
+
+485
+00:32:48,040 --> 00:32:50,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">with much lower trade volume.</font>
+
+486
+00:32:52,760 --> 00:32:55,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Back in Hamburg, we decide
+to try a different approach</font>
+
+487
+00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:58,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to get in touch with
+Chinese suppliers.</font>
+
+488
+00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:01,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Rather than identify
+ourselves as journalists</font>
+
+489
+00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:05,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we set up a fake
+start-up: Soa Organics,</font>
+
+490
+00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:08,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and pretended to sell
+rose quartz products.</font>
+
+491
+00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:13,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our colleague Max made a website
+so that our story was more convincing.</font>
+
+492
+00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:18,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Why do you need a fake website?</font>
+
+493
+00:33:20,080 --> 00:33:23,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Well, because we know there
+are traders here in Germany,</font>
+
+494
+00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:25,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that it’s extracted in
+countries like Madagascar.</font>
+
+495
+00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:28,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we’re still missing
+this intermediate step,</font>
+
+496
+00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the processing in China. So
+that’s who we want to write to.</font>
+
+497
+00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Under the guise of
+our fake company,</font>
+
+498
+00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">we visit a Chinese trading platform
+and search for companies</font>
+
+499
+00:33:40,920 --> 00:33:45,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that can supply us with 10,000
+facial rollers made of rose quartz.</font>
+
+500
+00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:49,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Seconds later, our inbox explodes.</font>
+
+501
+00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:52,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We used the opportunity
+to ask questions —</font>
+
+502
+00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:55,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">including about working
+conditions in the mines.</font>
+
+503
+00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:52,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Meanwhile, we also had
+emailed some Chinese suppliers.</font>
+
+504
+00:34:53,199 --> 00:34:55,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Regarding information
+about the working conditions.</font>
+
+505
+00:34:56,120 --> 00:34:57,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We know you are concerned</font>
+
+506
+00:34:57,640 --> 00:34:59,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about whether the rose
+quartz is mined legally</font>
+
+507
+00:34:59,840 --> 00:35:02,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and about whether
+child labour is involved.</font>
+
+508
+00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:04,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But we haven’t heard
+anything about it.</font>
+
+509
+00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:08,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We do however have a video
+of the mining. I hope that helps.</font>
+
+510
+00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:13,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Not really, because the video doesn’t
+even show the work in the mines.</font>
+
+511
+00:35:16,400 --> 00:35:18,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">As we were researching undercover,</font>
+
+512
+00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the Chinese suppliers didn’t
+hesitate to speak with us.</font>
+
+513
+00:35:21,720 --> 00:35:24,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We even received mock
+photos of product samples</font>
+
+514
+00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:28,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for SOA Organics, our company,
+without even asking for them.</font>
+
+515
+00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:30,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But when it came
+to finding out more</font>
+
+516
+00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:32,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">about working conditions
+in the mines,</font>
+
+517
+00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:34,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">our fake start-up didn’t
+prove very helpful.</font>
+
+518
+00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:39,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We decided to try again in person</font>
+
+519
+00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:44,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and headed to Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines,
+a small town near Strasbourg.</font>
+
+520
+00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:48,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Once a year, one of Europe’s largest
+fairs for minerals and gemstones</font>
+
+521
+00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:50,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">takes place here.</font>
+
+522
+00:35:53,040 --> 00:35:55,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Look, it says Madagascar.</font>
+
+523
+00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:59,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Here again, there
+is a lot of rose quartz.</font>
+
+524
+00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:06,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Many retailers are aware
+of the risks miners face,</font>
+
+525
+00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:07,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and that they earn very little.</font>
+
+526
+00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:11,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Including this
+wholesaler from Germany.</font>
+
+527
+00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:18,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We can't pay the workers.
+We can only pay the owner.</font>
+
+528
+00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:21,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's just the way it is
+and it can’t be changed.</font>
+
+529
+00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:24,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But if the money
+arrived directly at a mine,</font>
+
+530
+00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:27,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that would be better than
+if a wholesaler pocketed it.</font>
+
+531
+00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:32,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Do your customers
+care about that</font>
+
+532
+00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:35,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">or are price and quality
+the decisive factors?</font>
+
+533
+00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:38,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">80 percent price and quality.</font>
+
+534
+00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:42,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Very few people ask about it.
+I’d say that's our responsibility.</font>
+
+535
+00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:49,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But do retailers here live
+up to this responsibility?</font>
+
+536
+00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:53,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Doubtful, according to our
+conversation with another salesman.</font>
+
+537
+00:36:55,640 --> 00:36:58,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">What do you think about the
+working conditions in the mines?</font>
+
+538
+00:36:58,400 --> 00:36:59,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For the workers?</font>
+
+539
+00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:01,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Awful.</font>
+
+540
+00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:03,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you buy nevertheless?</font>
+
+541
+00:37:04,840 --> 00:37:09,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Like everyone. Like everyone.
+What can we do?</font>
+
+542
+00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:12,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">At least I try to improve
+the condition of work</font>
+
+543
+00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:18,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of my own workers and of my suppliers
+by paying quite decent prices.</font>
+
+544
+00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:21,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But what happens on the mine,
+what can we do?</font>
+
+545
+00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:24,000
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But you see, even
+in this small area</font>
+
+546
+00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:27,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">there are at least seven,
+maybe eight exhibitors</font>
+
+547
+00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:29,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who are carrying
+Madagascan stones.</font>
+
+548
+00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:36,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And I guess no one is very involved
+in what’s happening in the mine.</font>
+
+549
+00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:42,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And when customers asked about
+working conditions or child labor?</font>
+
+550
+00:37:43,840 --> 00:37:48,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I can take any photos and
+delete the one with the kids are on.</font>
+
+551
+00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:52,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That’s it. What do you want to see?
+I will show you what you want to see.</font>
+
+552
+00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:56,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And don’t show you what
+you don’t want to see. That’s it.</font>
+
+553
+00:37:59,120 --> 00:38:02,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">If there are no children in the
+photos, there’s no problem.</font>
+
+554
+00:38:02,560 --> 00:38:08,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Since 1 January 2023, the Supply Chain
+Act has been in effect in Germany,</font>
+
+555
+00:38:08,720 --> 00:38:10,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">which aims to protect the rights</font>
+
+556
+00:38:10,720 --> 00:38:13,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">of the people producing
+goods for the German market.</font>
+
+557
+00:38:15,840 --> 00:38:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But does it hold up to this promise?</font>
+
+558
+00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:21,640
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The law is supposed to force
+German companies to ensure labor law</font>
+
+559
+00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:23,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and environmental
+protection compliance</font>
+
+560
+00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:25,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">throughout their supply chains.</font>
+
+561
+00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:28,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the Act was severely
+weakened before it was passed.</font>
+
+562
+00:38:29,160 --> 00:38:32,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">For example, it now only
+applies to larger companies.</font>
+
+563
+00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:35,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">This is one of the reasons why
+we are in Schwäbisch-Gmünd,</font>
+
+564
+00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:38,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to talk about this
+with Norbert Barthle.</font>
+
+565
+00:38:49,400 --> 00:38:53,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Barthle played a key role in the
+Supply Chain Act for the CDU party</font>
+
+566
+00:38:53,800 --> 00:38:57,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as a State Secretary in the
+German Ministry of Development.</font>
+
+567
+00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:04,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It was one of the most
+difficult legislative processes</font>
+
+568
+00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:07,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I encountered in my
+entire parliamentary career.</font>
+
+569
+00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:10,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Our fiercest opponent
+was Peter Altmaier,</font>
+
+570
+00:39:10,560 --> 00:39:13,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">plus the relevant parliamentarians
+from the Economic Affairs Committee.</font>
+
+571
+00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:16,040
+<font color="white" size=".72c">They showed fierce opposition.</font>
+
+572
+00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:20,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Amongst other stipulations, we’re told
+Altmaier objected to the following:</font>
+
+573
+00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:23,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">How deep should you go?</font>
+
+574
+00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:26,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Should the entire supply chain
+be covered by the law or not?</font>
+
+575
+00:39:26,680 --> 00:39:30,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The business community has always said
+only to the first supplier level.</font>
+
+576
+00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:37,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We contacted the former Minister
+for Economic Affairs Peter Altmaier,</font>
+
+577
+00:39:37,240 --> 00:39:41,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">who responded that the law could only
+be passed because of this compromise.</font>
+
+578
+00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:43,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">The new law obliges
+German companies</font>
+
+579
+00:39:43,600 --> 00:39:46,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">to ensure human rights compliance.</font>
+
+580
+00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:50,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But with indirect suppliers, only
+after a complaint has been filed.</font>
+
+581
+00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:56,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We asked big retailers.</font>
+
+582
+00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,360
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But they usually didn't answer
+or they were very evasive.</font>
+
+583
+00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:04,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Then we pretended
+to be a fake start-up</font>
+
+584
+00:40:04,080 --> 00:40:09,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and asked the suppliers in China.
+They were very willing to tell us</font>
+
+585
+00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:12,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">where things came from,
+from which countries.</font>
+
+586
+00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:14,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But when it came
+to working conditions,</font>
+
+587
+00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:17,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the statement was always:
+We can't say.</font>
+
+588
+00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:21,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But as a German company,</font>
+
+589
+00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:25,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">that would be all I’d need under
+the new supply chain law, right?</font>
+
+590
+00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:33,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">In principle yes. Then you would
+have fulfilled your responsibility.</font>
+
+591
+00:40:33,720 --> 00:40:38,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">You asked. And if
+there are no suspicions,</font>
+
+592
+00:40:38,200 --> 00:40:40,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">if there are no complaints
+or other information,</font>
+
+593
+00:40:41,040 --> 00:40:43,160
+<font color="white" size=".72c">then that’s all that’s
+legally required.</font>
+
+594
+00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:46,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But isn't that too little?</font>
+
+595
+00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:52,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Yes, as I said, that was one
+of the big points of contention:</font>
+
+596
+00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:56,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">To what level of depth in the supply
+chain and how binding do you go?</font>
+
+597
+00:40:57,720 --> 00:41:02,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">I can imagine that things will
+be a bit more binding in future.</font>
+
+598
+00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:07,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But for now, a stricter law
+wouldn’t have been passed.</font>
+
+599
+00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:10,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Thank you very much for the interview.</font>
+
+600
+00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:13,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">It was a pleasure.
+I'm still working on this.</font>
+
+601
+00:41:14,720 --> 00:41:18,120
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Barthle is happy to have
+gotten the law passed at all.</font>
+
+602
+00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:22,840
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But the law will
+not change anything</font>
+
+603
+00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:26,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the people we saw in Madagascar,
+for the people in the mines.</font>
+
+604
+00:41:26,360 --> 00:41:28,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And that’s a bitter pill to swallow.</font>
+
+605
+00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:33,520
+<font color="white" size=".72c">Because as he said, German companies
+can also just use this excuse,</font>
+
+606
+00:41:33,520 --> 00:41:36,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">this supply chain law,
+and say: We asked.</font>
+
+607
+00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:39,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">But only up to the level
+to which they have to.</font>
+
+608
+00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:43,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And that's China.
+Not Madagascar.</font>
+
+609
+00:41:46,760 --> 00:41:49,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">So what have we
+learned from our research?</font>
+
+610
+00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:51,960
+<font color="white" size=".72c">We met people who
+pay a high price —</font>
+
+611
+00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,320
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for products whose benefits
+don’t justify that price.</font>
+
+612
+00:41:56,640 --> 00:41:58,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">No one takes responsibility</font>
+
+613
+00:41:58,240 --> 00:42:00,800
+<font color="white" size=".72c">for the people at the
+beginning of the supply chain,</font>
+
+614
+00:42:00,960 --> 00:42:03,080
+<font color="white" size=".72c">they are not heard,
+or even seen.</font>
+
+615
+00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:06,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">That's almost always
+the story in globalization.</font>
+
+616
+00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:11,760
+<font color="white" size=".72c">And Germany’s Supply Chain Act
+won't change that.</font>
+

subtitle/ejFVFtJdP3s.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+1
+00:00:03,280 --> 00:00:07,600
+<font color="white" size=".72c">and he's down there in lane seven an</font>
+
+2
+00:00:05,359 --> 00:00:08,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">unusual position for phelps second from</font>
+
+3
+00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:10,480
+<font color="white" size=".72c">the bottom</font>
+
+4
+00:00:08,559 --> 00:00:12,559
+<font color="white" size=".72c">right down there near the bottom it's</font>
+
+5
+00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:13,440
+<font color="white" size=".72c">all about the finishing speed and you</font>
+
+6
+00:00:12,559 --> 00:00:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">said it</font>
+
+7
+00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:17,880
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he just needs to find his legs</font>
+
+8
+00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:25,680
+<font color="white" size=".72c">but there's no doubt he will not be</font>
+
+9
+00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:27,519
+<font color="white" size=".72c">first going into this one tim phillips</font>
+
+10
+00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">looks good in lane five</font>
+
+11
+00:00:27,519 --> 00:00:31,720
+<font color="white" size=".72c">stutterfield has the lead</font>
+
+12
+00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:59,399
+<font color="white" size=".72c">a second</font>
+
+13
+00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:23,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">well you just said you're never going to</font>
+
+14
+00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:23,200
+<font color="white" size=".72c">start stop doubting it now</font>
+
+15
+00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:27,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">as once again</font>
+
+16
+00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:30,400
+<font color="white" size=".72c">proves when it's all on the line he's</font>
+
+17
+00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:33,280
+<font color="white" size=".72c">got something special</font>
+
+18
+00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:36,240
+<font color="white" size=".72c">he will indeed swim for his fourth</font>
+
+19
+00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:38,479
+<font color="white" size=".72c">olympic gold medal in this one like the</font>
+
+20
+00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:41,920
+<font color="white" size=".72c">200 i am</font>
+
+21
+00:01:38,479 --> 00:01:46,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">no swimmer from the united states has</font>
+
+22
+00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:46,560
+<font color="white" size=".72c">ever won four in a row</font>
+