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How to Become a Broadway Actor
|
1. Training to be a Broadway Actor
1-1. Take acting classes.
Even if you think you are born with the natural talent to be an actor, you will need some legitimate training to list on your resume and help you get jobs. Find classes in your area to increase and practice your skills. This is also a great way to meet other professionals and aspiring actors.
Consider a degree in theater (like a BFA or MFA) from an accredited college or seek out classes at your local theater.
Colleges with highly respected acting programs in New York include Juilliard, Columbia and NYU.
Training programs are also available throughout New York City. Some respected companies are HB Studios and Atlantic Theater Company School.
1-2. Learn to dance.
Most of the shows on Broadway are musicals. This means that not only must you be a good actor, but you will need skills in singing and dancing. Find a dance school which offers training in all of the different styles of dance used on Broadway, including ballet, tap, and jazz.
The more well-rounded your dance abilities are, the better you will be able to adapt to the style of any show.
Keep up with your dance practice. You can begin to lose strength and flexibility if you don’t dance and stretch regularly.
1-3. Find a voice coach.
Once you can sing, dance and act, the theater world will deem you a “triple threat.” You will be able to provide everything required of a Broadway actor. The best way to train your voice is the personal attention of a vocal coach, who can find your range and fine tune your skills.
Look for coaches at your local colleges.
Consider asking a music director to work with you personally.
1-4. Perform at your local theaters before moving to New York.
This will help you gain experience and build your resume. Gaining experience onstage is important to growing as a performer, as well as creating a name for yourself. If you are available for a role, take it and perform to the best of your ability, no matter the size of the part.
1-5. Take direction well.
The director is there to help you and the other actors come together to tell the story. Listen to what the director says and perform your part. Learn from every experience no matter how small the role may be.
If the director is not giving much feedback on your performance. Ask specifically for input. Explore your role and ask questions about your character and performance.
2. Promoting Yourself as an Actor
2-1. Buy professional headshots.
Headshots are photographs of your head and shoulders. Actors are required to have both a headshot and resume when submitting for a role. Headshot used to be black and white, but the current expectation is that headshots are full-color.
Make sure the picture is current and looks like you. If you age or change your hairstyle, you will need to get new headshots.
Bring several different clothing options to the photoshoot and have pictures taken wearing different shirts. Don’t wear distracting patterns or colors. Keep your outfit simple so the focus is on your face.
2-2. Build an acting resume.
An acting resume should include your contact information, body specifications, experience, training, and special skills. List your most recent roles first and work your way backward.
Your name should be at the top of the resume and in the largest font.
If you are a member of an acting union list the abbreviation for the union after your name.
If you have an agent, they will give you a stamp to add to your resume to replace your personal contact information.
List your height, weight, hair and eye color, and make sure that it is accurate.
Never lie on your resume. Only list work you have actually completed.
2-3. Go to auditions.
Find the auditions in your area and go to any which are offering a role you would fit. Auditioning itself is a good way to continue working on your skills. It is an opportunity to perform for influential casting directors and artistic directors. You can find auditions through postings like backstage.com, on the “call board” at the AEA office, or your agent can search and submit on your behalf.
Be prepared to deal with a lot of rejection. There are any number of reasons you may not be the best fit for a particular role, and there are a lot of other actors looking to make it on Broadway. The competition is abundant and you will audition many times without being offered a role.
Treat every audition seriously. Even if you are not a perfect match for this role you are auditioning for, you can impress the casting agent or artistic director who may then call you in for another role in the future.
2-4. Perform in plays and musicals.
The best way for Broadway producers to see what you are capable of is to see you in action. Perform onstage off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway on your way to Broadway. Start making a name for yourself as a performer to get closer to Broadway.
2-5. Write a bio for play programs.
A bio, or biography, should consist of about four of five sentences and highlight your past work as an actor. It is a little blurb which allows the audience to learn more about you and your career. If you have a lot of acting credits, choose four or five of the top performances or roles, and mention that the ones listed are some of your favorite roles to date.
Although you will be writing the bio yourself, you should use third person vernacular like “he” and “she.”
List your achievements, credits and performance history using full sentences rather than a literal list.
You can include your training, and some personal information to endear yourself to the reader.
You can also list film and television credits in a theatrical bio.
3. Becoming a Professional
3-1. Make the move to New York City.
You may be able to audition for a Broadway show if you live in a major city which is hosting auditions, but if you really want to make it on Broadway, you should live in New York. You will be more available to your agent and have many more auditions available to you.
New York can be very expensive. Be sure that you have savings to last you for several months once you arrive. The average monthly rent on a 900 square foot unit in New York City is $2815. Add utilities and the higher cost of food, and you can plan on needing at least $3500 per month.
Many people live on the outskirts of the city in Queens or Brooklyn, and some even live across the river in New Jersey. These can be cheaper options than living in Manhattan, and the public transit system makes the commute quick, easy and cheap.
3-2. Join Actor’s Equity Association.
Actor’s Equity Association, also referred to as Equity and AEA, is a union for actors in America. It’s purpose is to provide protection for the professional actor and enforce guidelines regarding pay, breaks, insurance and other professional needs. On the other hand, many professional theater companies will only use Equity actors, especially in leading roles, as a way to weed out actors with less experience.
In order to join you must first be eligible. You may be able to join if you are cast in a production under an Equity contract.
You may be allowed to join Equity if you are a member of one of their sister unions, SAG-AFTRA, AGMA, AGVA, or GIAA. You must have been a member for at least a year, remain in good standing and have performed a significant role under their jurisdiction.
You can register as an Equity Membership Candidate, or EMC, to earn credit toward membership by working at an Equity theater. The cost to register is $100, and you must work at least 50 weeks in an Equity house to become eligible to apply for membership.
3-3. Acquire a talent agent.
Broadway stages often only work with talent agencies when they are looking to cast important roles for a Broadway show. Using a talent agent helps streamline their process, since the agent will knows their actors and can submit only the people who they know could fit the role. Having a talent agent is going to be necessary to getting in the door of a Broadway audition if you want a lead role.
Submit your headshot and resume to agents in New York City along with a cover letter.
Ask other actors which agent they use and if you can use that actor as a reference in your cover letter.
Invite agents to come see you perform when you are in a show.
3-4. Work hard and get along with your directors and fellow actors.
Your performance onstage is very important, but your behavior off-stage is just as important if not more important. Broadway professionals and casting agents all work in the same circles. It is likely that someone who has not worked with you will consult others asking about their experience working with you before they offer you a role.
Protect your reputation by being on time, following direction, and being respectful to everyone on the cast and crew.
Emotions are a large part of theatrical work. Do your best to keep the emotions in the performance and stay logical and collected when you are dealing with others off-stage.
Tips
Dress professionally when going to rehearsals/auditions
If you have any connections with Broadway, say, your aunt's sister-in-law is a Broadway producer, by all means, get in touch! She may be able to help you along the way.
When in doubt, always prepare a song and monologue for an audition.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training to be a Broadway Actor\\n1-1. Take acting classes.\\nEven if you think you are born with the natural talent to be an actor, you will need some legitimate training to list on your resume and help you get jobs. Find classes in your area to increase and practice your skills. This is also a great way to meet other professionals and aspiring actors.\\nConsider a degree in theater (like a BFA or MFA) from an accredited college or seek out classes at your local theater.\\nColleges with highly respected acting programs in New York include Juilliard, Columbia and NYU.\\nTraining programs are also available throughout New York City. Some respected companies are HB Studios and Atlantic Theater Company School.\\n1-2. Learn to dance.\\nMost of the shows on Broadway are musicals. This means that not only must you be a good actor, but you will need skills in singing and dancing. Find a dance school which offers training in all of the different styles of dance used on Broadway, including ballet, tap, and jazz.\\nThe more well-rounded your dance abilities are, the better you will be able to adapt to the style of any show.\\nKeep up with your dance practice. You can begin to lose strength and flexibility if you don’t dance and stretch regularly.\\n1-3. Find a voice coach.\\nOnce you can sing, dance and act, the theater world will deem you a “triple threat.” You will be able to provide everything required of a Broadway actor. The best way to train your voice is the personal attention of a vocal coach, who can find your range and fine tune your skills.\\nLook for coaches at your local colleges.\\nConsider asking a music director to work with you personally.\\n1-4. Perform at your local theaters before moving to New York.\\nThis will help you gain experience and build your resume. Gaining experience onstage is important to growing as a performer, as well as creating a name for yourself. If you are available for a role, take it and perform to the best of your ability, no matter the size of the part.\\n1-5. Take direction well.\\nThe director is there to help you and the other actors come together to tell the story. Listen to what the director says and perform your part. Learn from every experience no matter how small the role may be.\\nIf the director is not giving much feedback on your performance. Ask specifically for input. Explore your role and ask questions about your character and performance.\\n2. Promoting Yourself as an Actor\\n2-1. Buy professional headshots.\\nHeadshots are photographs of your head and shoulders. Actors are required to have both a headshot and resume when submitting for a role. Headshot used to be black and white, but the current expectation is that headshots are full-color.\\nMake sure the picture is current and looks like you. If you age or change your hairstyle, you will need to get new headshots.\\nBring several different clothing options to the photoshoot and have pictures taken wearing different shirts. Don’t wear distracting patterns or colors. Keep your outfit simple so the focus is on your face.\\n2-2. Build an acting resume.\\nAn acting resume should include your contact information, body specifications, experience, training, and special skills. List your most recent roles first and work your way backward.\\nYour name should be at the top of the resume and in the largest font.\\nIf you are a member of an acting union list the abbreviation for the union after your name.\\nIf you have an agent, they will give you a stamp to add to your resume to replace your personal contact information.\\nList your height, weight, hair and eye color, and make sure that it is accurate.\\nNever lie on your resume. Only list work you have actually completed.\\n2-3. Go to auditions.\\nFind the auditions in your area and go to any which are offering a role you would fit. Auditioning itself is a good way to continue working on your skills. It is an opportunity to perform for influential casting directors and artistic directors. You can find auditions through postings like backstage.com, on the “call board” at the AEA office, or your agent can search and submit on your behalf.\\nBe prepared to deal with a lot of rejection. There are any number of reasons you may not be the best fit for a particular role, and there are a lot of other actors looking to make it on Broadway. The competition is abundant and you will audition many times without being offered a role.\\nTreat every audition seriously. Even if you are not a perfect match for this role you are auditioning for, you can impress the casting agent or artistic director who may then call you in for another role in the future.\\n2-4. Perform in plays and musicals.\\nThe best way for Broadway producers to see what you are capable of is to see you in action. Perform onstage off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway on your way to Broadway. Start making a name for yourself as a performer to get closer to Broadway.\\n2-5. Write a bio for play programs.\\nA bio, or biography, should consist of about four of five sentences and highlight your past work as an actor. It is a little blurb which allows the audience to learn more about you and your career. If you have a lot of acting credits, choose four or five of the top performances or roles, and mention that the ones listed are some of your favorite roles to date.\\nAlthough you will be writing the bio yourself, you should use third person vernacular like “he” and “she.”\\nList your achievements, credits and performance history using full sentences rather than a literal list.\\nYou can include your training, and some personal information to endear yourself to the reader.\\nYou can also list film and television credits in a theatrical bio.\\n3. Becoming a Professional\\n3-1. Make the move to New York City.\\nYou may be able to audition for a Broadway show if you live in a major city which is hosting auditions, but if you really want to make it on Broadway, you should live in New York. You will be more available to your agent and have many more auditions available to you.\\nNew York can be very expensive. Be sure that you have savings to last you for several months once you arrive. The average monthly rent on a 900 square foot unit in New York City is $2815. Add utilities and the higher cost of food, and you can plan on needing at least $3500 per month.\\nMany people live on the outskirts of the city in Queens or Brooklyn, and some even live across the river in New Jersey. These can be cheaper options than living in Manhattan, and the public transit system makes the commute quick, easy and cheap.\\n3-2. Join Actor’s Equity Association.\\nActor’s Equity Association, also referred to as Equity and AEA, is a union for actors in America. It’s purpose is to provide protection for the professional actor and enforce guidelines regarding pay, breaks, insurance and other professional needs. On the other hand, many professional theater companies will only use Equity actors, especially in leading roles, as a way to weed out actors with less experience.\\nIn order to join you must first be eligible. You may be able to join if you are cast in a production under an Equity contract.\\nYou may be allowed to join Equity if you are a member of one of their sister unions, SAG-AFTRA, AGMA, AGVA, or GIAA. You must have been a member for at least a year, remain in good standing and have performed a significant role under their jurisdiction.\\nYou can register as an Equity Membership Candidate, or EMC, to earn credit toward membership by working at an Equity theater. The cost to register is $100, and you must work at least 50 weeks in an Equity house to become eligible to apply for membership.\\n3-3. Acquire a talent agent.\\nBroadway stages often only work with talent agencies when they are looking to cast important roles for a Broadway show. Using a talent agent helps streamline their process, since the agent will knows their actors and can submit only the people who they know could fit the role. Having a talent agent is going to be necessary to getting in the door of a Broadway audition if you want a lead role.\\nSubmit your headshot and resume to agents in New York City along with a cover letter.\\nAsk other actors which agent they use and if you can use that actor as a reference in your cover letter.\\nInvite agents to come see you perform when you are in a show.\\n3-4. Work hard and get along with your directors and fellow actors.\\nYour performance onstage is very important, but your behavior off-stage is just as important if not more important. Broadway professionals and casting agents all work in the same circles. It is likely that someone who has not worked with you will consult others asking about their experience working with you before they offer you a role.\\nProtect your reputation by being on time, following direction, and being respectful to everyone on the cast and crew.\\nEmotions are a large part of theatrical work. Do your best to keep the emotions in the performance and stay logical and collected when you are dealing with others off-stage.\\nTips\\nDress professionally when going to rehearsals/auditions\\nIf you have any connections with Broadway, say, your aunt's sister-in-law is a Broadway producer, by all means, get in touch! She may be able to help you along the way.\\nWhen in doubt, always prepare a song and monologue for an audition.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many people aspire to make it on Broadway. The steps to get there can seem long and hard, but if you are willing to put in the work, you just may see your name in lights. Train hard, work hard and put your name out there at auditions and on the stage in New York City.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training to be a Broadway Actor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take acting classes.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you think you are born with the natural talent to be an actor, you will need some legitimate training to list on your resume and help you get jobs. Find classes in your area to increase and practice your skills. This is also a great way to meet other professionals and aspiring actors.\\nConsider a degree in theater (like a BFA or MFA) from an accredited college or seek out classes at your local theater.\\nColleges with highly respected acting programs in New York include Juilliard, Columbia and NYU.\\nTraining programs are also available throughout New York City. Some respected companies are HB Studios and Atlantic Theater Company School.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn to dance.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the shows on Broadway are musicals. This means that not only must you be a good actor, but you will need skills in singing and dancing. Find a dance school which offers training in all of the different styles of dance used on Broadway, including ballet, tap, and jazz.\\nThe more well-rounded your dance abilities are, the better you will be able to adapt to the style of any show.\\nKeep up with your dance practice. You can begin to lose strength and flexibility if you don’t dance and stretch regularly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a voice coach.\", \"描述\": \"Once you can sing, dance and act, the theater world will deem you a “triple threat.” You will be able to provide everything required of a Broadway actor. The best way to train your voice is the personal attention of a vocal coach, who can find your range and fine tune your skills.\\nLook for coaches at your local colleges.\\nConsider asking a music director to work with you personally.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Perform at your local theaters before moving to New York.\", \"描述\": \"This will help you gain experience and build your resume. Gaining experience onstage is important to growing as a performer, as well as creating a name for yourself. If you are available for a role, take it and perform to the best of your ability, no matter the size of the part.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take direction well.\", \"描述\": \"The director is there to help you and the other actors come together to tell the story. Listen to what the director says and perform your part. Learn from every experience no matter how small the role may be.\\nIf the director is not giving much feedback on your performance. Ask specifically for input. Explore your role and ask questions about your character and performance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Promoting Yourself as an Actor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy professional headshots.\", \"描述\": \"Headshots are photographs of your head and shoulders. Actors are required to have both a headshot and resume when submitting for a role. Headshot used to be black and white, but the current expectation is that headshots are full-color.\\nMake sure the picture is current and looks like you. If you age or change your hairstyle, you will need to get new headshots.\\nBring several different clothing options to the photoshoot and have pictures taken wearing different shirts. Don’t wear distracting patterns or colors. Keep your outfit simple so the focus is on your face.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build an acting resume.\", \"描述\": \"An acting resume should include your contact information, body specifications, experience, training, and special skills. List your most recent roles first and work your way backward.\\nYour name should be at the top of the resume and in the largest font.\\nIf you are a member of an acting union list the abbreviation for the union after your name.\\nIf you have an agent, they will give you a stamp to add to your resume to replace your personal contact information.\\nList your height, weight, hair and eye color, and make sure that it is accurate.\\nNever lie on your resume. Only list work you have actually completed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go to auditions.\", \"描述\": \"Find the auditions in your area and go to any which are offering a role you would fit. Auditioning itself is a good way to continue working on your skills. It is an opportunity to perform for influential casting directors and artistic directors. You can find auditions through postings like backstage.com, on the “call board” at the AEA office, or your agent can search and submit on your behalf.\\nBe prepared to deal with a lot of rejection. There are any number of reasons you may not be the best fit for a particular role, and there are a lot of other actors looking to make it on Broadway. The competition is abundant and you will audition many times without being offered a role.\\nTreat every audition seriously. Even if you are not a perfect match for this role you are auditioning for, you can impress the casting agent or artistic director who may then call you in for another role in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Perform in plays and musicals.\", \"描述\": \"The best way for Broadway producers to see what you are capable of is to see you in action. Perform onstage off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway on your way to Broadway. Start making a name for yourself as a performer to get closer to Broadway.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write a bio for play programs.\", \"描述\": \"A bio, or biography, should consist of about four of five sentences and highlight your past work as an actor. It is a little blurb which allows the audience to learn more about you and your career. If you have a lot of acting credits, choose four or five of the top performances or roles, and mention that the ones listed are some of your favorite roles to date.\\nAlthough you will be writing the bio yourself, you should use third person vernacular like “he” and “she.”\\nList your achievements, credits and performance history using full sentences rather than a literal list.\\nYou can include your training, and some personal information to endear yourself to the reader.\\nYou can also list film and television credits in a theatrical bio.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Professional\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make the move to New York City.\", \"描述\": \"You may be able to audition for a Broadway show if you live in a major city which is hosting auditions, but if you really want to make it on Broadway, you should live in New York. You will be more available to your agent and have many more auditions available to you.\\nNew York can be very expensive. Be sure that you have savings to last you for several months once you arrive. The average monthly rent on a 900 square foot unit in New York City is $2815. Add utilities and the higher cost of food, and you can plan on needing at least $3500 per month.\\nMany people live on the outskirts of the city in Queens or Brooklyn, and some even live across the river in New Jersey. These can be cheaper options than living in Manhattan, and the public transit system makes the commute quick, easy and cheap.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join Actor’s Equity Association.\", \"描述\": \"Actor’s Equity Association, also referred to as Equity and AEA, is a union for actors in America. It’s purpose is to provide protection for the professional actor and enforce guidelines regarding pay, breaks, insurance and other professional needs. On the other hand, many professional theater companies will only use Equity actors, especially in leading roles, as a way to weed out actors with less experience.\\nIn order to join you must first be eligible. You may be able to join if you are cast in a production under an Equity contract.\\nYou may be allowed to join Equity if you are a member of one of their sister unions, SAG-AFTRA, AGMA, AGVA, or GIAA. You must have been a member for at least a year, remain in good standing and have performed a significant role under their jurisdiction.\\nYou can register as an Equity Membership Candidate, or EMC, to earn credit toward membership by working at an Equity theater. The cost to register is $100, and you must work at least 50 weeks in an Equity house to become eligible to apply for membership.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquire a talent agent.\", \"描述\": \"Broadway stages often only work with talent agencies when they are looking to cast important roles for a Broadway show. Using a talent agent helps streamline their process, since the agent will knows their actors and can submit only the people who they know could fit the role. Having a talent agent is going to be necessary to getting in the door of a Broadway audition if you want a lead role.\\nSubmit your headshot and resume to agents in New York City along with a cover letter.\\nAsk other actors which agent they use and if you can use that actor as a reference in your cover letter.\\nInvite agents to come see you perform when you are in a show.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work hard and get along with your directors and fellow actors.\", \"描述\": \"Your performance onstage is very important, but your behavior off-stage is just as important if not more important. Broadway professionals and casting agents all work in the same circles. It is likely that someone who has not worked with you will consult others asking about their experience working with you before they offer you a role.\\nProtect your reputation by being on time, following direction, and being respectful to everyone on the cast and crew.\\nEmotions are a large part of theatrical work. Do your best to keep the emotions in the performance and stay logical and collected when you are dealing with others off-stage.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Dress professionally when going to rehearsals/auditions\\n\", \"If you have any connections with Broadway, say, your aunt's sister-in-law is a Broadway producer, by all means, get in touch! She may be able to help you along the way.\\n\", \"When in doubt, always prepare a song and monologue for an audition.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,217 |
How to Become a Broker
|
1. Becoming a Real Estate Broker
1-1. Check the requirements to become a broker in your state.
The requirements and restrictions to become a real estate broker vary from location to location. Usually, it’s required that you’re a lawful citizen and resident of the state that you want to practice in and are at least 18-years-old. Some states will restrict someone from getting a license if they have a criminal record. Check with your local real estate commission to see which restrictions and requirements apply in your state.
1-2. Take the classes required to become a broker.
Most states will require brokers to have completed a course-load that includes the study of the different aspects of real estate. These classes could include courses like real estate practice, finance, property management, and real estate appraisal. The required courses that you need to take will differ from state to state. Some courses may be offered online while others will be in-class. Make sure the classes that you're taking are officially recognized by your state's real estate commission.
Some states will only require you to take one real estate class.
Check your local real estate commission's website to see which courses are required for your license.
1-3. Work at a brokerage firm to gain experience.
Most states will require experience working with an existing real estate broker before you can get your license. Look for real estate brokerage firms on job boards or online and apply to a position as a real estate agent. Real estate agents can be involved in the buying and selling process, but can't own their own real estate agency or brokerage. Brokers must also take more courses than an agent. Once you get experience and know what you're doing, you can apply to get your license as a broker.
1-4. Take the real estate broker test.
If you take an officially sponsored class, they will usually offer the brokerage test at the end of the course. If not, then you’ll have to visit your local real estate commission's website and apply to take the test. Many times there will be a fee associated with taking the test.
1-5. Pass the real estate broker exam.
The brokerage exam will include the materials that were covered in your class(es). This could include subjects like agency management, finance, contracts, ownership laws, and valuation and appraisal. Make sure that you study for the test and get enough sleep the night before to improve your chances of passing.
2. Getting a Job as a Stockbroker
2-1. Get an undergraduate degree in finance or a related field.
While some states don’t have educational requirements to become a broker, many brokerage firms are looking for people with at least their undergraduate degree in finance, business, or accounting. Getting your undergraduate degree will also give you the knowledge you need to understand financial markets.
Those with an MBA may receive more job opportunities and higher salaries.
2-2. Pass the Series 7 exam.
Stockbrokers must pass the Series 7 exam in order to offer general securities to their clients. The series 7 includes 250 questions that you must answer over a 6-hour period. In order to pass the test, you need to know how the aspects of selling corporate, municipal, and investment company securities. You’ll also need knowledge of variable annuities, direct participation programs, options and government securities.
To register for the test, find a testing location by visiting http://apps.finra.org/TestCenter/1/locations.aspx.
There is a fee associated with taking the test that could range between $50-$200 depending on where you live.
2-3. Get a job at a brokerage firm.
Once you pass the Series 7 exam, you can legally trade securities to a client. Find a job with an existing brokerage firm by looking on job boards and search engines. You can also find local brokerage firms that are in your area and apply for an entry-level brokerage job through their website. Most companies will provide training for new brokers.
2-4. Continue ongoing training to keep your license.
In order to maintain your license, you need to take ongoing courses. The classes will cover regulatory and ethics elements as well as changing laws, practices, and technology.
To register for the classes, visit https://ceonline.finra.org/application/user-registration.
2-5. Renew your license.
If you work for a firm, they will cover the yearly renewal fee. If not, you’ll need to renew your license yearly with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or FINRA. Visit the FINRA website and go through the renewal process on the website if you aren’t working at a firm.
You'll need your personal information to fill out the renewal page.
To renew your license yourself, visit http://www.finra.org/industry/renewal-payment-options.
3. Being a Freight Broker
3-1. Get experience as a freight agent.
Freight agents are the people who act as the middleman between the supplier and shipper. They track the freight and ensure that shipments are successfully delivered. There are existing freight brokerage firms that you can work at to get the experience to be your own broker.
While no formal education is required, having good math and communication skills will help you as a freight agent.
Getting your bachelor's degree in business may increase your chances of landing a job as an agent.
There are a lot of work-from-home freight agent jobs that you can find on job boards.
3-2. Decide which niche you want to work in.
Do market research and find industries that are in need of more brokers. Decide if you want to ship general items that don’t require any special attention or whether you want to ship things like heavy equipment, perishable commodities, or hazardous materials. Look at load or freight websites and see what items regularly need to be shipped.
Determine what sets you apart from other brokers. If you have special skills or knowledge about certain goods or materials, it can help you decide which niche you should work in.
3-3. Register your freight broker license.
In order to be a broker, you need to get your license from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) using the Unified Registration System. To qualify for your license, you’ll need $75,000 worth of insurance coverage, or a Surety Bond or Trust Fund Agreement in the same amount. To register for your license, fill out the form at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/broker-registration.
3-4. Apply for a Unified Carrier Registration.
As a broker, you’ll also need to complete a Unified Carrier Registration and renew it each year. The annual fee for the registration for a broker is $76. To register your business, visit https://www.dat.com/brokers/carrier-monitoring/broker-startup.
3-5. Find clients who need to ship things.
Start by looking in your network and find businesses that need to transport goods. You can win these customers over by offering lower rates or promising faster delivery. If you don’t have anyone within your circle that needs things shipped, sites like https://www.thomasnet.com/ have a list of suppliers who typically need shipment services. Make cold calls to companies in your area and start to build your client base.
3-6. Establish relationships with carriers.
Load boards are online listings of drivers that can ship large shipments. You can find paid or free load boards online. Your job will entail connecting this carrier with the client. Compare rates and find a reliable shipper that you can use to deliver the client’s goods.
3-7. Grow your business over time.
As you connect to more clients and carriers, you'll have a lot more to manage. You may want to hire other freight agents to help you get more business and manage existing clients. If you want to hire employees, you'll have to register your company. You may also want to consider renting office space and creating a business plan.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a Real Estate Broker\\n1-1. Check the requirements to become a broker in your state.\\nThe requirements and restrictions to become a real estate broker vary from location to location. Usually, it’s required that you’re a lawful citizen and resident of the state that you want to practice in and are at least 18-years-old. Some states will restrict someone from getting a license if they have a criminal record. Check with your local real estate commission to see which restrictions and requirements apply in your state.\\n1-2. Take the classes required to become a broker.\\nMost states will require brokers to have completed a course-load that includes the study of the different aspects of real estate. These classes could include courses like real estate practice, finance, property management, and real estate appraisal. The required courses that you need to take will differ from state to state. Some courses may be offered online while others will be in-class. Make sure the classes that you're taking are officially recognized by your state's real estate commission.\\nSome states will only require you to take one real estate class.\\nCheck your local real estate commission's website to see which courses are required for your license.\\n1-3. Work at a brokerage firm to gain experience.\\nMost states will require experience working with an existing real estate broker before you can get your license. Look for real estate brokerage firms on job boards or online and apply to a position as a real estate agent. Real estate agents can be involved in the buying and selling process, but can't own their own real estate agency or brokerage. Brokers must also take more courses than an agent. Once you get experience and know what you're doing, you can apply to get your license as a broker.\\n1-4. Take the real estate broker test.\\nIf you take an officially sponsored class, they will usually offer the brokerage test at the end of the course. If not, then you’ll have to visit your local real estate commission's website and apply to take the test. Many times there will be a fee associated with taking the test.\\n1-5. Pass the real estate broker exam.\\nThe brokerage exam will include the materials that were covered in your class(es). This could include subjects like agency management, finance, contracts, ownership laws, and valuation and appraisal. Make sure that you study for the test and get enough sleep the night before to improve your chances of passing.\\n2. Getting a Job as a Stockbroker\\n2-1. Get an undergraduate degree in finance or a related field.\\nWhile some states don’t have educational requirements to become a broker, many brokerage firms are looking for people with at least their undergraduate degree in finance, business, or accounting. Getting your undergraduate degree will also give you the knowledge you need to understand financial markets.\\nThose with an MBA may receive more job opportunities and higher salaries.\\n2-2. Pass the Series 7 exam.\\nStockbrokers must pass the Series 7 exam in order to offer general securities to their clients. The series 7 includes 250 questions that you must answer over a 6-hour period. In order to pass the test, you need to know how the aspects of selling corporate, municipal, and investment company securities. You’ll also need knowledge of variable annuities, direct participation programs, options and government securities.\\nTo register for the test, find a testing location by visiting http://apps.finra.org/TestCenter/1/locations.aspx.\\nThere is a fee associated with taking the test that could range between $50-$200 depending on where you live.\\n2-3. Get a job at a brokerage firm.\\nOnce you pass the Series 7 exam, you can legally trade securities to a client. Find a job with an existing brokerage firm by looking on job boards and search engines. You can also find local brokerage firms that are in your area and apply for an entry-level brokerage job through their website. Most companies will provide training for new brokers.\\n2-4. Continue ongoing training to keep your license.\\nIn order to maintain your license, you need to take ongoing courses. The classes will cover regulatory and ethics elements as well as changing laws, practices, and technology.\\nTo register for the classes, visit https://ceonline.finra.org/application/user-registration.\\n2-5. Renew your license.\\nIf you work for a firm, they will cover the yearly renewal fee. If not, you’ll need to renew your license yearly with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or FINRA. Visit the FINRA website and go through the renewal process on the website if you aren’t working at a firm.\\nYou'll need your personal information to fill out the renewal page.\\nTo renew your license yourself, visit http://www.finra.org/industry/renewal-payment-options.\\n3. Being a Freight Broker\\n3-1. Get experience as a freight agent.\\nFreight agents are the people who act as the middleman between the supplier and shipper. They track the freight and ensure that shipments are successfully delivered. There are existing freight brokerage firms that you can work at to get the experience to be your own broker.\\nWhile no formal education is required, having good math and communication skills will help you as a freight agent.\\nGetting your bachelor's degree in business may increase your chances of landing a job as an agent.\\nThere are a lot of work-from-home freight agent jobs that you can find on job boards.\\n3-2. Decide which niche you want to work in.\\nDo market research and find industries that are in need of more brokers. Decide if you want to ship general items that don’t require any special attention or whether you want to ship things like heavy equipment, perishable commodities, or hazardous materials. Look at load or freight websites and see what items regularly need to be shipped.\\nDetermine what sets you apart from other brokers. If you have special skills or knowledge about certain goods or materials, it can help you decide which niche you should work in.\\n3-3. Register your freight broker license.\\nIn order to be a broker, you need to get your license from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) using the Unified Registration System. To qualify for your license, you’ll need $75,000 worth of insurance coverage, or a Surety Bond or Trust Fund Agreement in the same amount. To register for your license, fill out the form at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/broker-registration.\\n3-4. Apply for a Unified Carrier Registration.\\nAs a broker, you’ll also need to complete a Unified Carrier Registration and renew it each year. The annual fee for the registration for a broker is $76. To register your business, visit https://www.dat.com/brokers/carrier-monitoring/broker-startup.\\n3-5. Find clients who need to ship things.\\nStart by looking in your network and find businesses that need to transport goods. You can win these customers over by offering lower rates or promising faster delivery. If you don’t have anyone within your circle that needs things shipped, sites like https://www.thomasnet.com/ have a list of suppliers who typically need shipment services. Make cold calls to companies in your area and start to build your client base.\\n3-6. Establish relationships with carriers.\\nLoad boards are online listings of drivers that can ship large shipments. You can find paid or free load boards online. Your job will entail connecting this carrier with the client. Compare rates and find a reliable shipper that you can use to deliver the client’s goods.\\n3-7. Grow your business over time.\\nAs you connect to more clients and carriers, you'll have a lot more to manage. You may want to hire other freight agents to help you get more business and manage existing clients. If you want to hire employees, you'll have to register your company. You may also want to consider renting office space and creating a business plan.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Brokers are licensed professionals who connect clients to suppliers so that the client can get a product or service that they want. For example, real estate brokers buy, sell, and rent properties and are licensed to own their own real estate businesses. Stockbrokers, on the other hand, sell and buy securities from companies for their clients. Finally, freight brokers connect clients with shippers so that they can transport their goods at a fair rate. Regardless of which kind of broker you want to be, you'll need to get the right mix of experience and education and get licensed in the state that you live in.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Real Estate Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check the requirements to become a broker in your state.\", \"描述\": \"The requirements and restrictions to become a real estate broker vary from location to location. Usually, it’s required that you’re a lawful citizen and resident of the state that you want to practice in and are at least 18-years-old. Some states will restrict someone from getting a license if they have a criminal record. Check with your local real estate commission to see which restrictions and requirements apply in your state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the classes required to become a broker.\", \"描述\": \"Most states will require brokers to have completed a course-load that includes the study of the different aspects of real estate. These classes could include courses like real estate practice, finance, property management, and real estate appraisal. The required courses that you need to take will differ from state to state. Some courses may be offered online while others will be in-class. Make sure the classes that you're taking are officially recognized by your state's real estate commission.\\nSome states will only require you to take one real estate class.\\nCheck your local real estate commission's website to see which courses are required for your license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work at a brokerage firm to gain experience.\", \"描述\": \"Most states will require experience working with an existing real estate broker before you can get your license. Look for real estate brokerage firms on job boards or online and apply to a position as a real estate agent. Real estate agents can be involved in the buying and selling process, but can't own their own real estate agency or brokerage. Brokers must also take more courses than an agent. Once you get experience and know what you're doing, you can apply to get your license as a broker.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the real estate broker test.\", \"描述\": \"If you take an officially sponsored class, they will usually offer the brokerage test at the end of the course. If not, then you’ll have to visit your local real estate commission's website and apply to take the test. Many times there will be a fee associated with taking the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the real estate broker exam.\", \"描述\": \"The brokerage exam will include the materials that were covered in your class(es). This could include subjects like agency management, finance, contracts, ownership laws, and valuation and appraisal. Make sure that you study for the test and get enough sleep the night before to improve your chances of passing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job as a Stockbroker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an undergraduate degree in finance or a related field.\", \"描述\": \"While some states don’t have educational requirements to become a broker, many brokerage firms are looking for people with at least their undergraduate degree in finance, business, or accounting. Getting your undergraduate degree will also give you the knowledge you need to understand financial markets.\\nThose with an MBA may receive more job opportunities and higher salaries.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the Series 7 exam.\", \"描述\": \"Stockbrokers must pass the Series 7 exam in order to offer general securities to their clients. The series 7 includes 250 questions that you must answer over a 6-hour period. In order to pass the test, you need to know how the aspects of selling corporate, municipal, and investment company securities. You’ll also need knowledge of variable annuities, direct participation programs, options and government securities.\\nTo register for the test, find a testing location by visiting http://apps.finra.org/TestCenter/1/locations.aspx.\\nThere is a fee associated with taking the test that could range between $50-$200 depending on where you live.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a job at a brokerage firm.\", \"描述\": \"Once you pass the Series 7 exam, you can legally trade securities to a client. Find a job with an existing brokerage firm by looking on job boards and search engines. You can also find local brokerage firms that are in your area and apply for an entry-level brokerage job through their website. Most companies will provide training for new brokers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue ongoing training to keep your license.\", \"描述\": \"In order to maintain your license, you need to take ongoing courses. The classes will cover regulatory and ethics elements as well as changing laws, practices, and technology.\\nTo register for the classes, visit https://ceonline.finra.org/application/user-registration.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Renew your license.\", \"描述\": \"If you work for a firm, they will cover the yearly renewal fee. If not, you’ll need to renew your license yearly with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or FINRA. Visit the FINRA website and go through the renewal process on the website if you aren’t working at a firm.\\nYou'll need your personal information to fill out the renewal page.\\nTo renew your license yourself, visit http://www.finra.org/industry/renewal-payment-options.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Being a Freight Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get experience as a freight agent.\", \"描述\": \"Freight agents are the people who act as the middleman between the supplier and shipper. They track the freight and ensure that shipments are successfully delivered. There are existing freight brokerage firms that you can work at to get the experience to be your own broker.\\nWhile no formal education is required, having good math and communication skills will help you as a freight agent.\\nGetting your bachelor's degree in business may increase your chances of landing a job as an agent.\\nThere are a lot of work-from-home freight agent jobs that you can find on job boards.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide which niche you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Do market research and find industries that are in need of more brokers. Decide if you want to ship general items that don’t require any special attention or whether you want to ship things like heavy equipment, perishable commodities, or hazardous materials. Look at load or freight websites and see what items regularly need to be shipped.\\nDetermine what sets you apart from other brokers. If you have special skills or knowledge about certain goods or materials, it can help you decide which niche you should work in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register your freight broker license.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be a broker, you need to get your license from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) using the Unified Registration System. To qualify for your license, you’ll need $75,000 worth of insurance coverage, or a Surety Bond or Trust Fund Agreement in the same amount. To register for your license, fill out the form at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/broker-registration.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for a Unified Carrier Registration.\", \"描述\": \"As a broker, you’ll also need to complete a Unified Carrier Registration and renew it each year. The annual fee for the registration for a broker is $76. To register your business, visit https://www.dat.com/brokers/carrier-monitoring/broker-startup.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find clients who need to ship things.\", \"描述\": \"Start by looking in your network and find businesses that need to transport goods. You can win these customers over by offering lower rates or promising faster delivery. If you don’t have anyone within your circle that needs things shipped, sites like https://www.thomasnet.com/ have a list of suppliers who typically need shipment services. Make cold calls to companies in your area and start to build your client base.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Establish relationships with carriers.\", \"描述\": \"Load boards are online listings of drivers that can ship large shipments. You can find paid or free load boards online. Your job will entail connecting this carrier with the client. Compare rates and find a reliable shipper that you can use to deliver the client’s goods.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Grow your business over time.\", \"描述\": \"As you connect to more clients and carriers, you'll have a lot more to manage. You may want to hire other freight agents to help you get more business and manage existing clients. If you want to hire employees, you'll have to register your company. You may also want to consider renting office space and creating a business plan.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,218 |
How to Become a Buddha
|
1. Studying Buddhist Teachings
1-1. Choose Buddhist texts to study based on your preferences.
There's no set path for what teachings to read and when. Pick what speaks to you, or what interests you, and dive in. For example, if you're really interested in meditation, choose pieces on mindfulness and breathing.
Some popular classic texts include The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva, The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching by Thich Nhat Hanh, and On the Path to Enlightenment by Matthieu Ricard.
If there's a Buddhist center or community near you, ask one of the teachers for recommendations on what to read first.
You can find Buddhist texts and books online or at a bookstore or library.
1-2. Follow the 3 stages of understanding when reading Buddhist texts.
These 3 stages of studying Buddha’s teachings, which are known as dharma, are hearing, contemplating, and meditating. First, read, or “hear,” the text. Then think about what it means and make sure you understand it. Finally, meditate on the teaching to let it fully soak in.
Set aside time each day to spend reading and absorbing the material. Studying the teachings consistently will help you absorb it all better.
Pick one phrase or mantra from your teaching that day to use in your meditation.
1-3. Learn the Four Noble Truths for a summary of Buddha’s teachings.
Think of these truths like the core pillars of Buddhism. They outline how to recognize and let go of pain throughout your life. If you don’t understand the Four Noble Truths, you won’t be able to be free of suffering or reach nirvana.
The 4th truth contains the Noble Eightfold Path, which is a Buddhist set of principles detailing 8 steps to spiritual awakening.
1-4. Find a spiritual teacher if you want more guidance.
Learning from someone who knows a lot about the religion can help deepen your own knowledge and understanding of Buddhism. Ask the Buddhist temple or center in your area to find out if there are any teachers who would be interested in taking on a new student.
You can even find a teacher who is already a Buddha to act as a mentor and role model.
If you know a Buddhist who is very experienced or knowledgeable, consider asking them to become your teacher. Say something like, “I really want to become a Buddha but I need extra help. Would you be willing to tutor me?”
Another option is to take a group class at a local community college or meditation center. There are also online courses led by Buddhist gurus you can sign up for.
2. Developing the Mindset of a Buddha
2-1. Make the most of every moment to understand nothing is permanent.
According to Buddha, the only guaranteed thing in life is death. It may sound morbid, but being aware of your impermanence can actually enhance your life. Live every minute as if it’s your last, focusing your energy on enjoying whatever that might be and always looking for the positive.
Check in occasionally by asking yourself, “If I died right now, would I be happy or proud of how I spent my last moments?”
If the answer is no, find a way to improve your current situation to change that to a yes.
For instance, if you’re in a boring meeting at work, instead of dwelling on how long it’s dragging on, appreciate the softness of your favorite sweater on your back or impress your boss by offering a new idea.
2-2. Practice putting yourself in someone else’s shoes to learn compassion.
The next time you walk by a homeless person on the street, for example, pause and try to see things through their eyes. Not only will you better understand the situation and get a new perspective on it, you’ll also be able to react more sensitively and compassionately.
For example, maybe you're walking fast because it's freezing outside and you only have a thin coat on. But then you realize the homeless person has no coat, and nowhere to go. Imagine if that was you.
Since you stopped to considered their point of view, you might give them some of your loose change to buy a warm meal instead of just passing by. This practice spreads more love and peace, rather than indifference and hurt.
2-3. Focus on the present by being more mindful with your actions.
Mindfulness is one of the most important aspects of Buddhism. To incorporate it into your own life, try a technique known as savoring. Pay attention to the sights, sounds, textures, or tastes of whatever is happening right now. For example, if you’re eating a brownie, notice the chewiness or the way the chocolate chips melt on your tongue.
Avoid dwelling on the past or living for the future. If you notice those thoughts pop up, like when you start worrying about your big date tonight, redirect your attention to the current moment instead.
A good way to bring yourself back to the present is by taking a few deep breaths and focusing on the sensation of the air moving in and out of your nostrils.
2-4. Create balance in everything you do by taking the middle path.
In Buddhism, the middle path states that you should never be at one extreme or another. Instead, you should live your life in the middle, striking a healthy balance between the two. Work this principle into all aspects of your life, like work, family time, and even the food you eat.
For example, don’t spend all of your time working, but don’t laze around 24/7 either. The middle path would be spending 8 hours a day at the office, and then coming home to relax or be with your loved ones.
This applies to how you treat others, too. While you don’t want to be rude to someone, for instance, you also don’t want to be fake. The balance would be to be honest about your feelings while still being compassionate.
3. Achieving Enlightenment
3-1. Meditate every day to learn how to control your thoughts.
Meditation can change how your brain functions, building new neural pathways that make you happier and calmer. Sit or lay in a comfortable pose, close your eyes, and begin bringing your attention to your breath. As you meditate, notice any thoughts that come up (good or bad), then let them go instead of dwelling on them or avoiding them.
Download a meditation app on your phone or follow along with a guided video online if you want help getting started.
You can meditate on a mantra, like "be the change you wish to see in the world," if you have a specific intention you want to focus on that day.
You can also try chanting “om” or listening to soothing sounds, like crashing waves or birds chirping.
Meditate any time of the day for as long as you’d like. You can always start with 5 minutes, then slowly build up to 1 hour a day, for instance.
3-2. Become a Bodhisattva by following the 10 Meritorious Deeds.
A Bodhisattva is someone who is seeking enlightenment. Aim to live according to the Ten Meritorious Deeds, which are a set of commandments taught by Buddha himself that include things like helping others, learning the “right view,” and avoiding stealing or lying. The “right view” in Buddhism means seeing the world and yourself as they really are, instead of how you’ve been taught or influenced to see them by society.
Write the 10 Meritorious Deeds somewhere that you see them everyday as a reminder, like in the notes app on your phone or on a piece of paper on the fridge.
3-3. Live a minimalist lifestyle to learn non-attachment.
Part of becoming a Buddha is reducing how attached you are to material things, like money or clothes. Declutter your house by getting rid of anything you don’t need or use anymore. Pare it down to the basics, keeping only what is absolutely necessary, like the pillow you sleep on rather than the decorative throw pillows.
Be picky when selecting what to keep and what to get rid of. Do you really need all of those shoes in your closet?
Apply the minimalist mindset to your buying habits, too. Only purchase what you need and avoid impulse buys.
The more uncluttered your life is, the more uncluttered your mind will be.
3-4. Erase any doubts you still have about Buddhism.
There are 4 primary stages that a Buddha goes through to reach nirvana. The first stage, known as Sotapanna or "Stream-enterer," is mainly characterized by no longer questioning Buddhist readings. Once you accept Buddha's teachings as the ultimate truth, you will be confident in your spirituality.
You'll know you're a stream-enterer when you're practicing Buddhism because you know it's the right thing to do, not because you feel like you should to fit in.
If you're struggling to get rid of lingering doubts or insecurities, find a guru or teacher to help guide you and answer any questions you have about what you're learning.
3-5. Move to the 2nd stage of enlightenment by releasing the 3 poisons.
This stage is known as Sakadagami, or "Once-returner." In it, you'll let go of the 3 poisons, which are greed, anger, and ignorance. To do this, be mindful of when you're having poisonous thoughts, and then free yourself of those thoughts instead of dwelling on them. You can practice giving to overcome greed, empathy and compassion to overcome anger, and observing karma to overcome ignorance.
You can also overcome greed by doing more service, like by volunteering in the community or helping others.
3-6. Eliminate attachment to sexual desires to reach the 3rd stage.
Known as Anāgāmi or "Non-returner," this is the stage when you not only continue to calm your mind, you also are able to control impure thoughts and lust. Note that you don't have to forego sex or pretend you have no desires. The goal is to stop being obsessed with those desires. An easy way to do so is by practicing observation and imagination of our body simply as a vessel of blood, flesh, skeleton, pus, phlegm, urine and feces under a thin layer of skin. This method is particularly very helpful in resisting temptations. Buddha described in many sutras about the details of how our body decays and decomposes after we die as a mean to overcome greed over human body.
Meditating on purity every day can help tame sexual thoughts.
Some Buddhists do choose to be completely celibate to help prevent any attachment to lust or fantasies.
3-7. Reach nirvana by accepting the idea of no-self.
No-self means that you are not a soul or identity, but rather a temporary existence formed by mental and physical parts. This stage is about letting go of ego and selfishness.
Be patient if you don’t understand no-self completely. It’s a very abstract concept that can take years to grasp. As all sentient beings have the same buddhahood by nature, we are all equal by nature. You can practice the observation of karma and recognise the fact that everything as an unity to gradually achieve no-self.
Nirvana also requires a very advanced meditation practice. Focus only on the sensation of your breath to completely clear your mind of all thoughts and achieve this state. A convenient way for people in this era to achieve this state is by substituting all wandering thoughts with one single yet powerful thought - Amitabha Buddha. Shakyamuni Buddha has foreseen that we egoistic people in this era are impossible to achieve the state without the help from a buddha who has yet to enter nirvana. He described in the Buddha Speaks of Infinite Life Sutra (Sukhāvatī-vyūhaḥ-sūtra) how Amitabha Buddha made 48 vows to help all sentient beings attain buddhahood in the most convenient and effective ways.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Studying Buddhist Teachings\\n1-1. Choose Buddhist texts to study based on your preferences.\\nThere's no set path for what teachings to read and when. Pick what speaks to you, or what interests you, and dive in. For example, if you're really interested in meditation, choose pieces on mindfulness and breathing.\\nSome popular classic texts include The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva, The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching by Thich Nhat Hanh, and On the Path to Enlightenment by Matthieu Ricard.\\nIf there's a Buddhist center or community near you, ask one of the teachers for recommendations on what to read first.\\nYou can find Buddhist texts and books online or at a bookstore or library.\\n1-2. Follow the 3 stages of understanding when reading Buddhist texts.\\nThese 3 stages of studying Buddha’s teachings, which are known as dharma, are hearing, contemplating, and meditating. First, read, or “hear,” the text. Then think about what it means and make sure you understand it. Finally, meditate on the teaching to let it fully soak in.\\nSet aside time each day to spend reading and absorbing the material. Studying the teachings consistently will help you absorb it all better.\\nPick one phrase or mantra from your teaching that day to use in your meditation.\\n1-3. Learn the Four Noble Truths for a summary of Buddha’s teachings.\\nThink of these truths like the core pillars of Buddhism. They outline how to recognize and let go of pain throughout your life. If you don’t understand the Four Noble Truths, you won’t be able to be free of suffering or reach nirvana.\\nThe 4th truth contains the Noble Eightfold Path, which is a Buddhist set of principles detailing 8 steps to spiritual awakening.\\n1-4. Find a spiritual teacher if you want more guidance.\\nLearning from someone who knows a lot about the religion can help deepen your own knowledge and understanding of Buddhism. Ask the Buddhist temple or center in your area to find out if there are any teachers who would be interested in taking on a new student.\\nYou can even find a teacher who is already a Buddha to act as a mentor and role model.\\nIf you know a Buddhist who is very experienced or knowledgeable, consider asking them to become your teacher. Say something like, “I really want to become a Buddha but I need extra help. Would you be willing to tutor me?”\\nAnother option is to take a group class at a local community college or meditation center. There are also online courses led by Buddhist gurus you can sign up for.\\n2. Developing the Mindset of a Buddha\\n2-1. Make the most of every moment to understand nothing is permanent.\\nAccording to Buddha, the only guaranteed thing in life is death. It may sound morbid, but being aware of your impermanence can actually enhance your life. Live every minute as if it’s your last, focusing your energy on enjoying whatever that might be and always looking for the positive.\\nCheck in occasionally by asking yourself, “If I died right now, would I be happy or proud of how I spent my last moments?”\\nIf the answer is no, find a way to improve your current situation to change that to a yes.\\nFor instance, if you’re in a boring meeting at work, instead of dwelling on how long it’s dragging on, appreciate the softness of your favorite sweater on your back or impress your boss by offering a new idea.\\n2-2. Practice putting yourself in someone else’s shoes to learn compassion.\\nThe next time you walk by a homeless person on the street, for example, pause and try to see things through their eyes. Not only will you better understand the situation and get a new perspective on it, you’ll also be able to react more sensitively and compassionately.\\nFor example, maybe you're walking fast because it's freezing outside and you only have a thin coat on. But then you realize the homeless person has no coat, and nowhere to go. Imagine if that was you.\\nSince you stopped to considered their point of view, you might give them some of your loose change to buy a warm meal instead of just passing by. This practice spreads more love and peace, rather than indifference and hurt.\\n2-3. Focus on the present by being more mindful with your actions.\\nMindfulness is one of the most important aspects of Buddhism. To incorporate it into your own life, try a technique known as savoring. Pay attention to the sights, sounds, textures, or tastes of whatever is happening right now. For example, if you’re eating a brownie, notice the chewiness or the way the chocolate chips melt on your tongue.\\nAvoid dwelling on the past or living for the future. If you notice those thoughts pop up, like when you start worrying about your big date tonight, redirect your attention to the current moment instead.\\nA good way to bring yourself back to the present is by taking a few deep breaths and focusing on the sensation of the air moving in and out of your nostrils.\\n2-4. Create balance in everything you do by taking the middle path.\\nIn Buddhism, the middle path states that you should never be at one extreme or another. Instead, you should live your life in the middle, striking a healthy balance between the two. Work this principle into all aspects of your life, like work, family time, and even the food you eat.\\nFor example, don’t spend all of your time working, but don’t laze around 24/7 either. The middle path would be spending 8 hours a day at the office, and then coming home to relax or be with your loved ones.\\nThis applies to how you treat others, too. While you don’t want to be rude to someone, for instance, you also don’t want to be fake. The balance would be to be honest about your feelings while still being compassionate.\\n3. Achieving Enlightenment\\n3-1. Meditate every day to learn how to control your thoughts.\\nMeditation can change how your brain functions, building new neural pathways that make you happier and calmer. Sit or lay in a comfortable pose, close your eyes, and begin bringing your attention to your breath. As you meditate, notice any thoughts that come up (good or bad), then let them go instead of dwelling on them or avoiding them.\\nDownload a meditation app on your phone or follow along with a guided video online if you want help getting started.\\nYou can meditate on a mantra, like \\\"be the change you wish to see in the world,\\\" if you have a specific intention you want to focus on that day.\\nYou can also try chanting “om” or listening to soothing sounds, like crashing waves or birds chirping.\\nMeditate any time of the day for as long as you’d like. You can always start with 5 minutes, then slowly build up to 1 hour a day, for instance.\\n3-2. Become a Bodhisattva by following the 10 Meritorious Deeds.\\nA Bodhisattva is someone who is seeking enlightenment. Aim to live according to the Ten Meritorious Deeds, which are a set of commandments taught by Buddha himself that include things like helping others, learning the “right view,” and avoiding stealing or lying. The “right view” in Buddhism means seeing the world and yourself as they really are, instead of how you’ve been taught or influenced to see them by society.\\nWrite the 10 Meritorious Deeds somewhere that you see them everyday as a reminder, like in the notes app on your phone or on a piece of paper on the fridge.\\n3-3. Live a minimalist lifestyle to learn non-attachment.\\nPart of becoming a Buddha is reducing how attached you are to material things, like money or clothes. Declutter your house by getting rid of anything you don’t need or use anymore. Pare it down to the basics, keeping only what is absolutely necessary, like the pillow you sleep on rather than the decorative throw pillows.\\nBe picky when selecting what to keep and what to get rid of. Do you really need all of those shoes in your closet?\\nApply the minimalist mindset to your buying habits, too. Only purchase what you need and avoid impulse buys.\\nThe more uncluttered your life is, the more uncluttered your mind will be.\\n3-4. Erase any doubts you still have about Buddhism.\\nThere are 4 primary stages that a Buddha goes through to reach nirvana. The first stage, known as Sotapanna or \\\"Stream-enterer,\\\" is mainly characterized by no longer questioning Buddhist readings. Once you accept Buddha's teachings as the ultimate truth, you will be confident in your spirituality.\\nYou'll know you're a stream-enterer when you're practicing Buddhism because you know it's the right thing to do, not because you feel like you should to fit in.\\nIf you're struggling to get rid of lingering doubts or insecurities, find a guru or teacher to help guide you and answer any questions you have about what you're learning.\\n3-5. Move to the 2nd stage of enlightenment by releasing the 3 poisons.\\nThis stage is known as Sakadagami, or \\\"Once-returner.\\\" In it, you'll let go of the 3 poisons, which are greed, anger, and ignorance. To do this, be mindful of when you're having poisonous thoughts, and then free yourself of those thoughts instead of dwelling on them. You can practice giving to overcome greed, empathy and compassion to overcome anger, and observing karma to overcome ignorance.\\nYou can also overcome greed by doing more service, like by volunteering in the community or helping others.\\n3-6. Eliminate attachment to sexual desires to reach the 3rd stage.\\nKnown as Anāgāmi or \\\"Non-returner,\\\" this is the stage when you not only continue to calm your mind, you also are able to control impure thoughts and lust. Note that you don't have to forego sex or pretend you have no desires. The goal is to stop being obsessed with those desires. An easy way to do so is by practicing observation and imagination of our body simply as a vessel of blood, flesh, skeleton, pus, phlegm, urine and feces under a thin layer of skin. This method is particularly very helpful in resisting temptations. Buddha described in many sutras about the details of how our body decays and decomposes after we die as a mean to overcome greed over human body.\\nMeditating on purity every day can help tame sexual thoughts.\\nSome Buddhists do choose to be completely celibate to help prevent any attachment to lust or fantasies.\\n3-7. Reach nirvana by accepting the idea of no-self.\\nNo-self means that you are not a soul or identity, but rather a temporary existence formed by mental and physical parts. This stage is about letting go of ego and selfishness.\\nBe patient if you don’t understand no-self completely. It’s a very abstract concept that can take years to grasp. As all sentient beings have the same buddhahood by nature, we are all equal by nature. You can practice the observation of karma and recognise the fact that everything as an unity to gradually achieve no-self.\\nNirvana also requires a very advanced meditation practice. Focus only on the sensation of your breath to completely clear your mind of all thoughts and achieve this state. A convenient way for people in this era to achieve this state is by substituting all wandering thoughts with one single yet powerful thought - Amitabha Buddha. Shakyamuni Buddha has foreseen that we egoistic people in this era are impossible to achieve the state without the help from a buddha who has yet to enter nirvana. He described in the Buddha Speaks of Infinite Life Sutra (Sukhāvatī-vyūhaḥ-sūtra) how Amitabha Buddha made 48 vows to help all sentient beings attain buddhahood in the most convenient and effective ways.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Not to be confused with the Buddha, who was born Siddhartha Gautama, a Buddha is the top rank a Buddhist can reach. They are someone who has achieved the highest level of spiritual awakening, which is nirvana. Becoming one takes a lot of dedication and commitment, but leads to a life filled with peace and self-awareness. The Buddha himself said that anyone can reach this status, too. To join the Buddhahood, start by learning the basics of the religion, then cultivate a calmer mindset to help you work towards enlightenment.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Studying Buddhist Teachings\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose Buddhist texts to study based on your preferences.\", \"描述\": \"There's no set path for what teachings to read and when. Pick what speaks to you, or what interests you, and dive in. For example, if you're really interested in meditation, choose pieces on mindfulness and breathing.\\nSome popular classic texts include The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva, The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching by Thich Nhat Hanh, and On the Path to Enlightenment by Matthieu Ricard.\\nIf there's a Buddhist center or community near you, ask one of the teachers for recommendations on what to read first.\\nYou can find Buddhist texts and books online or at a bookstore or library.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the 3 stages of understanding when reading Buddhist texts.\", \"描述\": \"These 3 stages of studying Buddha’s teachings, which are known as dharma, are hearing, contemplating, and meditating. First, read, or “hear,” the text. Then think about what it means and make sure you understand it. Finally, meditate on the teaching to let it fully soak in.\\nSet aside time each day to spend reading and absorbing the material. Studying the teachings consistently will help you absorb it all better.\\nPick one phrase or mantra from your teaching that day to use in your meditation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn the Four Noble Truths for a summary of Buddha’s teachings.\", \"描述\": \"Think of these truths like the core pillars of Buddhism. They outline how to recognize and let go of pain throughout your life. If you don’t understand the Four Noble Truths, you won’t be able to be free of suffering or reach nirvana.\\nThe 4th truth contains the Noble Eightfold Path, which is a Buddhist set of principles detailing 8 steps to spiritual awakening.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a spiritual teacher if you want more guidance.\", \"描述\": \"Learning from someone who knows a lot about the religion can help deepen your own knowledge and understanding of Buddhism. Ask the Buddhist temple or center in your area to find out if there are any teachers who would be interested in taking on a new student.\\nYou can even find a teacher who is already a Buddha to act as a mentor and role model.\\nIf you know a Buddhist who is very experienced or knowledgeable, consider asking them to become your teacher. Say something like, “I really want to become a Buddha but I need extra help. Would you be willing to tutor me?”\\nAnother option is to take a group class at a local community college or meditation center. There are also online courses led by Buddhist gurus you can sign up for.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing the Mindset of a Buddha\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make the most of every moment to understand nothing is permanent.\", \"描述\": \"According to Buddha, the only guaranteed thing in life is death. It may sound morbid, but being aware of your impermanence can actually enhance your life. Live every minute as if it’s your last, focusing your energy on enjoying whatever that might be and always looking for the positive.\\nCheck in occasionally by asking yourself, “If I died right now, would I be happy or proud of how I spent my last moments?”\\nIf the answer is no, find a way to improve your current situation to change that to a yes.\\nFor instance, if you’re in a boring meeting at work, instead of dwelling on how long it’s dragging on, appreciate the softness of your favorite sweater on your back or impress your boss by offering a new idea.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice putting yourself in someone else’s shoes to learn compassion.\", \"描述\": \"The next time you walk by a homeless person on the street, for example, pause and try to see things through their eyes. Not only will you better understand the situation and get a new perspective on it, you’ll also be able to react more sensitively and compassionately.\\nFor example, maybe you're walking fast because it's freezing outside and you only have a thin coat on. But then you realize the homeless person has no coat, and nowhere to go. Imagine if that was you.\\nSince you stopped to considered their point of view, you might give them some of your loose change to buy a warm meal instead of just passing by. This practice spreads more love and peace, rather than indifference and hurt.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on the present by being more mindful with your actions.\", \"描述\": \"Mindfulness is one of the most important aspects of Buddhism. To incorporate it into your own life, try a technique known as savoring. Pay attention to the sights, sounds, textures, or tastes of whatever is happening right now. For example, if you’re eating a brownie, notice the chewiness or the way the chocolate chips melt on your tongue.\\nAvoid dwelling on the past or living for the future. If you notice those thoughts pop up, like when you start worrying about your big date tonight, redirect your attention to the current moment instead.\\nA good way to bring yourself back to the present is by taking a few deep breaths and focusing on the sensation of the air moving in and out of your nostrils.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create balance in everything you do by taking the middle path.\", \"描述\": \"In Buddhism, the middle path states that you should never be at one extreme or another. Instead, you should live your life in the middle, striking a healthy balance between the two. Work this principle into all aspects of your life, like work, family time, and even the food you eat.\\nFor example, don’t spend all of your time working, but don’t laze around 24/7 either. The middle path would be spending 8 hours a day at the office, and then coming home to relax or be with your loved ones.\\nThis applies to how you treat others, too. While you don’t want to be rude to someone, for instance, you also don’t want to be fake. The balance would be to be honest about your feelings while still being compassionate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Achieving Enlightenment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meditate every day to learn how to control your thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"Meditation can change how your brain functions, building new neural pathways that make you happier and calmer. Sit or lay in a comfortable pose, close your eyes, and begin bringing your attention to your breath. As you meditate, notice any thoughts that come up (good or bad), then let them go instead of dwelling on them or avoiding them.\\nDownload a meditation app on your phone or follow along with a guided video online if you want help getting started.\\nYou can meditate on a mantra, like \\\"be the change you wish to see in the world,\\\" if you have a specific intention you want to focus on that day.\\nYou can also try chanting “om” or listening to soothing sounds, like crashing waves or birds chirping.\\nMeditate any time of the day for as long as you’d like. You can always start with 5 minutes, then slowly build up to 1 hour a day, for instance.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a Bodhisattva by following the 10 Meritorious Deeds.\", \"描述\": \"A Bodhisattva is someone who is seeking enlightenment. Aim to live according to the Ten Meritorious Deeds, which are a set of commandments taught by Buddha himself that include things like helping others, learning the “right view,” and avoiding stealing or lying. The “right view” in Buddhism means seeing the world and yourself as they really are, instead of how you’ve been taught or influenced to see them by society.\\nWrite the 10 Meritorious Deeds somewhere that you see them everyday as a reminder, like in the notes app on your phone or on a piece of paper on the fridge.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Live a minimalist lifestyle to learn non-attachment.\", \"描述\": \"Part of becoming a Buddha is reducing how attached you are to material things, like money or clothes. Declutter your house by getting rid of anything you don’t need or use anymore. Pare it down to the basics, keeping only what is absolutely necessary, like the pillow you sleep on rather than the decorative throw pillows.\\nBe picky when selecting what to keep and what to get rid of. Do you really need all of those shoes in your closet?\\nApply the minimalist mindset to your buying habits, too. Only purchase what you need and avoid impulse buys.\\nThe more uncluttered your life is, the more uncluttered your mind will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Erase any doubts you still have about Buddhism.\", \"描述\": \"There are 4 primary stages that a Buddha goes through to reach nirvana. The first stage, known as Sotapanna or \\\"Stream-enterer,\\\" is mainly characterized by no longer questioning Buddhist readings. Once you accept Buddha's teachings as the ultimate truth, you will be confident in your spirituality.\\nYou'll know you're a stream-enterer when you're practicing Buddhism because you know it's the right thing to do, not because you feel like you should to fit in.\\nIf you're struggling to get rid of lingering doubts or insecurities, find a guru or teacher to help guide you and answer any questions you have about what you're learning.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Move to the 2nd stage of enlightenment by releasing the 3 poisons.\", \"描述\": \"This stage is known as Sakadagami, or \\\"Once-returner.\\\" In it, you'll let go of the 3 poisons, which are greed, anger, and ignorance. To do this, be mindful of when you're having poisonous thoughts, and then free yourself of those thoughts instead of dwelling on them. You can practice giving to overcome greed, empathy and compassion to overcome anger, and observing karma to overcome ignorance.\\nYou can also overcome greed by doing more service, like by volunteering in the community or helping others.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eliminate attachment to sexual desires to reach the 3rd stage.\", \"描述\": \"Known as Anāgāmi or \\\"Non-returner,\\\" this is the stage when you not only continue to calm your mind, you also are able to control impure thoughts and lust. Note that you don't have to forego sex or pretend you have no desires. The goal is to stop being obsessed with those desires. An easy way to do so is by practicing observation and imagination of our body simply as a vessel of blood, flesh, skeleton, pus, phlegm, urine and feces under a thin layer of skin. This method is particularly very helpful in resisting temptations. Buddha described in many sutras about the details of how our body decays and decomposes after we die as a mean to overcome greed over human body.\\nMeditating on purity every day can help tame sexual thoughts.\\nSome Buddhists do choose to be completely celibate to help prevent any attachment to lust or fantasies.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Reach nirvana by accepting the idea of no-self.\", \"描述\": \"No-self means that you are not a soul or identity, but rather a temporary existence formed by mental and physical parts. This stage is about letting go of ego and selfishness.\\nBe patient if you don’t understand no-self completely. It’s a very abstract concept that can take years to grasp. As all sentient beings have the same buddhahood by nature, we are all equal by nature. You can practice the observation of karma and recognise the fact that everything as an unity to gradually achieve no-self.\\nNirvana also requires a very advanced meditation practice. Focus only on the sensation of your breath to completely clear your mind of all thoughts and achieve this state. A convenient way for people in this era to achieve this state is by substituting all wandering thoughts with one single yet powerful thought - Amitabha Buddha. Shakyamuni Buddha has foreseen that we egoistic people in this era are impossible to achieve the state without the help from a buddha who has yet to enter nirvana. He described in the Buddha Speaks of Infinite Life Sutra (Sukhāvatī-vyūhaḥ-sūtra) how Amitabha Buddha made 48 vows to help all sentient beings attain buddhahood in the most convenient and effective ways.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Buddhist
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1. Understanding Basic Buddhist Concepts
1-1. Learn basic Buddhist terminology.
This will make it much easier to understand everything you will read, since many Buddhist terms can be very unfamiliar, especially to Westerners. The basic terms of Buddhism include but are not limited to:
Arhat: a being who has attained Nirvana.
Bodhisattva: a being who is on the way to enlightenment.
Buddha: an awakened being who has achieved perfect enlightenment. Becoming a Buddha is the ultimate goal of Buddhism as highlighted by Shakyamuni Buddha in many scriptures such as The Lotus Sutra.
Dharma: a complicated term that usually refers to the teachings of the Buddha.
Nirvana: spiritual bliss that transcends beyond duality, language, time, space and perception. It was often described by Shakyamuni Buddha using the metaphor of a mirror, that a mirror reflects images of all objects without any differentiation. Nirvana is a result after attaining enlightenment.
Sangha: the Buddhist community.
Sutra: a sacred Buddhist text.
Venerable: The title of an ordained monk or nun, seen wearing the specific colored robes of their tradition and sect.
1-2. Familiarize yourself with different Buddhist schools.
The two most popular Buddhist schools today are Theravada and Mahayana. Though these two schools have the same basic beliefs, there are differences in the teachings they focus on: Mahayana focuses heavily on becoming a bodhisattva, Theravada focuses on practicing the dharma, and so on.
There are many other schools of Buddhism, such as Nichiren Shoshu, Zen Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism.
Schools of Buddhism are far from being the same. There are similarities to a degree but many schools of Buddhism have gone off on tangents over time.
Because Buddhism is such an ancient religion, there are many intricate differences between all the schools that cannot be covered in detail here; spend time researching Buddhism to find out more.
1-3. Read about the life of Siddhartha Gautama.
There are many books talking about the founder of Buddhism, and a simple online search will reveal many articles about his life as well. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who left his palace and lavish lifestyle to seek enlightenment. Though he is not the only Buddha in existence, he is the historical founder of Buddhism.
1-4. Learn about the Four Noble Truths.
One of the most foundational concepts of Buddhism is summarized a teaching called the Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. In other words, suffering exists, it has a cause and an end, and there is a way to bring about the end of suffering.
1-5. Learn about reincarnation and nirvana.
Buddhists believe sentient beings live multiple lives. Once a sentient being dies, they are born into a new life, and this cycle of living and dying continues eternally. A being can be reborn in a variety of forms and conditions of life. One of the important goals of Buddhism is to stop reincarnation and attain Nirvana.
1-6. Understand karma.
Karma is closely intertwined with reincarnation and nirvana because karma determines where and when a being will be reborn. Karma consists of the good or bad actions of previous lifetimes and this lifetime. Bad or good karma may affect a being right away, thousands of years from now, or in five lifetimes, depending on when the effects are meant to occur.
Negative karma results from bad actions or thoughts, like killing, stealing, or lying.
Positive karma results from good actions or thoughts, such as generosity, kindness, and spreading Buddhist teachings.
Neutral karma results from actions that have no real effect, such as breathing or sleeping.
2. Taking Refuge
2-1. Find a temple you feel comfortable joining.
Many major cities have a Buddhist temple, but each temple will stem from a different school (such as Theravada or Zen), and each will certainly offer different services, classes, and activities. The best way to learn about temples near you is to visit them and talk to a Venerable or lay devotee.
Ask about what services and activities the temple offers.
Explore the different shrines.
Attend a few services and see if you like the atmosphere.
2-2. Become a part of the community.
Like most religions, Buddhism has a strong sense of community, and the devotees and monks are welcoming and informative. Begin attending classes and making friends at your temple.
Many Buddhist communities will travel together to different Buddhist temples across the world. This is a fun way to get involved.
If at first you feel shy or nervous, this is perfectly normal.
Buddhism is the most popular religion in many countries like Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, Korea, Sri Lanka, China etc.
2-3. Inquire about taking refuge in the Triple Gem.
The Triple Gem consists of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. When you take refuge in the Triple Gem, you will likely undergo a ceremony in which you vow to uphold the Five Precepts, which are to not kill, not steal, not commit sexual misconduct, refrain from false speech, and not consume intoxicants.
The specific aspects of the ceremony will vary from temple to temple.
Do not feel obligated to take the Three Refuges, since upholding Buddhist morality is the most important part of this religion.
If you cannot take the Three Refuges because of cultural reasons, or if you cannot find a temple near you, you can still uphold the Five Precepts.
Once you take refuge in Buddhism, you are officially a Buddhist.
3. Practicing Buddhism in Daily Life
3-1. Keep connected to the Buddhist community.
Attending classes at the temple where you took refuge is a great way to stay connected to the Buddhist community. A quick note upon visiting temples, don't sit with the bottoms of your feet towards altars, Buddha statues, or monks. Women may not touch monks in any way, even to shake hands, and men cannot do the same with nuns. A simple bow will do. Most temples offer lessons in yoga, meditation, or various sutra lessons. Spend time with friends and family members who are Buddhist, too.
3-2. Study Buddhism regularly.
Many translated sutras are available online, your temple might have a library, or you can buy sutras. There are also many different Venerable monks and lay Buddhists who have written explanations of Buddhist sutras. Some of the most popular Buddhist sutras are: The Diamond Sutra, The Heart Sutra, and The Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra.
Teach others what you have learned about Buddhism once you think you’ve mastered a concept.
There are hundreds of Buddhist concepts and teachings to study, but try not to feel overwhelmed or pressured to “get it” right away.
Attend classes taught by a Venerable or lay devotee at your temple.
3-3. Uphold the Five Precepts.
When you took refuge in the Triple Gem, you vowed to uphold the Five Precepts, but this can be difficult at times. Do your best to not kill any living creature, do not steal, do not commit sexual misconduct, be honest, and do not consume addictive intoxicants such as alcohol or drugs that makes you lose control of your mind. If you break the precepts, simply repent, and do your best to keep upholding them.
3-4. Practice the Middle Way.
This is an important part of Buddhism which requires Buddhists to lead a balanced life that is not too lavish or too stringent. The Middle Way is also known as the “Noble Eightfold Path,” which teaches Buddhists to abide by eight elements. Spend time studying all eight:
Right view
Right intention
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
Tips
Buddhism has many complicated philosophical texts; do not feel frustrated if they confuse you.
Spend a lot of time learning about Buddhism..
Helping others is an essential part of Buddhism. Nichiren Shoshu True Buddhism is the apex of Mahayana Buddhism. Soka Gakkai or SGI is not part of Nichiren Shoshu. They were excommunicated from Nichiren Shoshu in 1991.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Understanding Basic Buddhist Concepts\\n1-1. Learn basic Buddhist terminology.\\nThis will make it much easier to understand everything you will read, since many Buddhist terms can be very unfamiliar, especially to Westerners. The basic terms of Buddhism include but are not limited to:\\nArhat: a being who has attained Nirvana.\\nBodhisattva: a being who is on the way to enlightenment.\\nBuddha: an awakened being who has achieved perfect enlightenment. Becoming a Buddha is the ultimate goal of Buddhism as highlighted by Shakyamuni Buddha in many scriptures such as The Lotus Sutra.\\nDharma: a complicated term that usually refers to the teachings of the Buddha.\\nNirvana: spiritual bliss that transcends beyond duality, language, time, space and perception. It was often described by Shakyamuni Buddha using the metaphor of a mirror, that a mirror reflects images of all objects without any differentiation. Nirvana is a result after attaining enlightenment.\\nSangha: the Buddhist community.\\nSutra: a sacred Buddhist text.\\nVenerable: The title of an ordained monk or nun, seen wearing the specific colored robes of their tradition and sect.\\n1-2. Familiarize yourself with different Buddhist schools.\\nThe two most popular Buddhist schools today are Theravada and Mahayana. Though these two schools have the same basic beliefs, there are differences in the teachings they focus on: Mahayana focuses heavily on becoming a bodhisattva, Theravada focuses on practicing the dharma, and so on.\\nThere are many other schools of Buddhism, such as Nichiren Shoshu, Zen Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism.\\nSchools of Buddhism are far from being the same. There are similarities to a degree but many schools of Buddhism have gone off on tangents over time.\\nBecause Buddhism is such an ancient religion, there are many intricate differences between all the schools that cannot be covered in detail here; spend time researching Buddhism to find out more.\\n1-3. Read about the life of Siddhartha Gautama.\\nThere are many books talking about the founder of Buddhism, and a simple online search will reveal many articles about his life as well. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who left his palace and lavish lifestyle to seek enlightenment. Though he is not the only Buddha in existence, he is the historical founder of Buddhism.\\n1-4. Learn about the Four Noble Truths.\\nOne of the most foundational concepts of Buddhism is summarized a teaching called the Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. In other words, suffering exists, it has a cause and an end, and there is a way to bring about the end of suffering.\\n1-5. Learn about reincarnation and nirvana.\\nBuddhists believe sentient beings live multiple lives. Once a sentient being dies, they are born into a new life, and this cycle of living and dying continues eternally. A being can be reborn in a variety of forms and conditions of life. One of the important goals of Buddhism is to stop reincarnation and attain Nirvana.\\n1-6. Understand karma.\\nKarma is closely intertwined with reincarnation and nirvana because karma determines where and when a being will be reborn. Karma consists of the good or bad actions of previous lifetimes and this lifetime. Bad or good karma may affect a being right away, thousands of years from now, or in five lifetimes, depending on when the effects are meant to occur.\\nNegative karma results from bad actions or thoughts, like killing, stealing, or lying.\\nPositive karma results from good actions or thoughts, such as generosity, kindness, and spreading Buddhist teachings.\\nNeutral karma results from actions that have no real effect, such as breathing or sleeping.\\n2. Taking Refuge\\n2-1. Find a temple you feel comfortable joining.\\nMany major cities have a Buddhist temple, but each temple will stem from a different school (such as Theravada or Zen), and each will certainly offer different services, classes, and activities. The best way to learn about temples near you is to visit them and talk to a Venerable or lay devotee.\\nAsk about what services and activities the temple offers.\\nExplore the different shrines.\\nAttend a few services and see if you like the atmosphere.\\n2-2. Become a part of the community.\\nLike most religions, Buddhism has a strong sense of community, and the devotees and monks are welcoming and informative. Begin attending classes and making friends at your temple.\\nMany Buddhist communities will travel together to different Buddhist temples across the world. This is a fun way to get involved.\\nIf at first you feel shy or nervous, this is perfectly normal.\\nBuddhism is the most popular religion in many countries like Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, Korea, Sri Lanka, China etc.\\n2-3. Inquire about taking refuge in the Triple Gem.\\nThe Triple Gem consists of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. When you take refuge in the Triple Gem, you will likely undergo a ceremony in which you vow to uphold the Five Precepts, which are to not kill, not steal, not commit sexual misconduct, refrain from false speech, and not consume intoxicants.\\nThe specific aspects of the ceremony will vary from temple to temple.\\nDo not feel obligated to take the Three Refuges, since upholding Buddhist morality is the most important part of this religion.\\nIf you cannot take the Three Refuges because of cultural reasons, or if you cannot find a temple near you, you can still uphold the Five Precepts.\\nOnce you take refuge in Buddhism, you are officially a Buddhist.\\n3. Practicing Buddhism in Daily Life\\n3-1. Keep connected to the Buddhist community.\\nAttending classes at the temple where you took refuge is a great way to stay connected to the Buddhist community. A quick note upon visiting temples, don't sit with the bottoms of your feet towards altars, Buddha statues, or monks. Women may not touch monks in any way, even to shake hands, and men cannot do the same with nuns. A simple bow will do. Most temples offer lessons in yoga, meditation, or various sutra lessons. Spend time with friends and family members who are Buddhist, too.\\n3-2. Study Buddhism regularly.\\nMany translated sutras are available online, your temple might have a library, or you can buy sutras. There are also many different Venerable monks and lay Buddhists who have written explanations of Buddhist sutras. Some of the most popular Buddhist sutras are: The Diamond Sutra, The Heart Sutra, and The Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra.\\nTeach others what you have learned about Buddhism once you think you’ve mastered a concept.\\nThere are hundreds of Buddhist concepts and teachings to study, but try not to feel overwhelmed or pressured to “get it” right away.\\nAttend classes taught by a Venerable or lay devotee at your temple.\\n3-3. Uphold the Five Precepts.\\nWhen you took refuge in the Triple Gem, you vowed to uphold the Five Precepts, but this can be difficult at times. Do your best to not kill any living creature, do not steal, do not commit sexual misconduct, be honest, and do not consume addictive intoxicants such as alcohol or drugs that makes you lose control of your mind. If you break the precepts, simply repent, and do your best to keep upholding them.\\n3-4. Practice the Middle Way.\\nThis is an important part of Buddhism which requires Buddhists to lead a balanced life that is not too lavish or too stringent. The Middle Way is also known as the “Noble Eightfold Path,” which teaches Buddhists to abide by eight elements. Spend time studying all eight:\\nRight view\\nRight intention\\nRight speech\\nRight action\\nRight livelihood\\nRight effort\\nRight mindfulness\\nRight concentration\\nTips\\nBuddhism has many complicated philosophical texts; do not feel frustrated if they confuse you.\\nSpend a lot of time learning about Buddhism..\\nHelping others is an essential part of Buddhism. Nichiren Shoshu True Buddhism is the apex of Mahayana Buddhism. Soka Gakkai or SGI is not part of Nichiren Shoshu. They were excommunicated from Nichiren Shoshu in 1991.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buddhism is the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) about the truth of life and universe. His teachings include such concepts as the Four Noble Truths, Karma, and the cycle of rebirth (reincarnation) and offer ways to liberate ourselves from sufferings and reincarnation. It is a whole school of teaching called dharma which is much older than the word \\\"religion\\\". Buddhism is still a popular \\\"religion\\\" nowadays with millions of practitioners. The first step to becoming a Buddhist is understanding basic Buddhist beliefs and this wikiHow will help you decide if Buddhism is the right religion for you. If so, you can practice Buddhism and take part in centuries-old traditions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understanding Basic Buddhist Concepts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn basic Buddhist terminology.\", \"描述\": \"This will make it much easier to understand everything you will read, since many Buddhist terms can be very unfamiliar, especially to Westerners. The basic terms of Buddhism include but are not limited to:\\nArhat: a being who has attained Nirvana.\\nBodhisattva: a being who is on the way to enlightenment.\\nBuddha: an awakened being who has achieved perfect enlightenment. Becoming a Buddha is the ultimate goal of Buddhism as highlighted by Shakyamuni Buddha in many scriptures such as The Lotus Sutra.\\nDharma: a complicated term that usually refers to the teachings of the Buddha.\\nNirvana: spiritual bliss that transcends beyond duality, language, time, space and perception. It was often described by Shakyamuni Buddha using the metaphor of a mirror, that a mirror reflects images of all objects without any differentiation. Nirvana is a result after attaining enlightenment.\\nSangha: the Buddhist community.\\nSutra: a sacred Buddhist text.\\nVenerable: The title of an ordained monk or nun, seen wearing the specific colored robes of their tradition and sect.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with different Buddhist schools.\", \"描述\": \"The two most popular Buddhist schools today are Theravada and Mahayana. Though these two schools have the same basic beliefs, there are differences in the teachings they focus on: Mahayana focuses heavily on becoming a bodhisattva, Theravada focuses on practicing the dharma, and so on.\\nThere are many other schools of Buddhism, such as Nichiren Shoshu, Zen Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism.\\nSchools of Buddhism are far from being the same. There are similarities to a degree but many schools of Buddhism have gone off on tangents over time.\\nBecause Buddhism is such an ancient religion, there are many intricate differences between all the schools that cannot be covered in detail here; spend time researching Buddhism to find out more.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read about the life of Siddhartha Gautama.\", \"描述\": \"There are many books talking about the founder of Buddhism, and a simple online search will reveal many articles about his life as well. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who left his palace and lavish lifestyle to seek enlightenment. Though he is not the only Buddha in existence, he is the historical founder of Buddhism.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn about the Four Noble Truths.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most foundational concepts of Buddhism is summarized a teaching called the Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. In other words, suffering exists, it has a cause and an end, and there is a way to bring about the end of suffering.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn about reincarnation and nirvana.\", \"描述\": \"Buddhists believe sentient beings live multiple lives. Once a sentient being dies, they are born into a new life, and this cycle of living and dying continues eternally. A being can be reborn in a variety of forms and conditions of life. One of the important goals of Buddhism is to stop reincarnation and attain Nirvana.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Understand karma.\", \"描述\": \"Karma is closely intertwined with reincarnation and nirvana because karma determines where and when a being will be reborn. Karma consists of the good or bad actions of previous lifetimes and this lifetime. Bad or good karma may affect a being right away, thousands of years from now, or in five lifetimes, depending on when the effects are meant to occur.\\nNegative karma results from bad actions or thoughts, like killing, stealing, or lying.\\nPositive karma results from good actions or thoughts, such as generosity, kindness, and spreading Buddhist teachings.\\nNeutral karma results from actions that have no real effect, such as breathing or sleeping.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Refuge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a temple you feel comfortable joining.\", \"描述\": \"Many major cities have a Buddhist temple, but each temple will stem from a different school (such as Theravada or Zen), and each will certainly offer different services, classes, and activities. The best way to learn about temples near you is to visit them and talk to a Venerable or lay devotee.\\nAsk about what services and activities the temple offers.\\nExplore the different shrines.\\nAttend a few services and see if you like the atmosphere.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a part of the community.\", \"描述\": \"Like most religions, Buddhism has a strong sense of community, and the devotees and monks are welcoming and informative. Begin attending classes and making friends at your temple.\\nMany Buddhist communities will travel together to different Buddhist temples across the world. This is a fun way to get involved.\\nIf at first you feel shy or nervous, this is perfectly normal.\\nBuddhism is the most popular religion in many countries like Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, Korea, Sri Lanka, China etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Inquire about taking refuge in the Triple Gem.\", \"描述\": \"The Triple Gem consists of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. When you take refuge in the Triple Gem, you will likely undergo a ceremony in which you vow to uphold the Five Precepts, which are to not kill, not steal, not commit sexual misconduct, refrain from false speech, and not consume intoxicants.\\nThe specific aspects of the ceremony will vary from temple to temple.\\nDo not feel obligated to take the Three Refuges, since upholding Buddhist morality is the most important part of this religion.\\nIf you cannot take the Three Refuges because of cultural reasons, or if you cannot find a temple near you, you can still uphold the Five Precepts.\\nOnce you take refuge in Buddhism, you are officially a Buddhist.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practicing Buddhism in Daily Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep connected to the Buddhist community.\", \"描述\": \"Attending classes at the temple where you took refuge is a great way to stay connected to the Buddhist community. A quick note upon visiting temples, don't sit with the bottoms of your feet towards altars, Buddha statues, or monks. Women may not touch monks in any way, even to shake hands, and men cannot do the same with nuns. A simple bow will do. Most temples offer lessons in yoga, meditation, or various sutra lessons. Spend time with friends and family members who are Buddhist, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study Buddhism regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Many translated sutras are available online, your temple might have a library, or you can buy sutras. There are also many different Venerable monks and lay Buddhists who have written explanations of Buddhist sutras. Some of the most popular Buddhist sutras are: The Diamond Sutra, The Heart Sutra, and The Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra.\\nTeach others what you have learned about Buddhism once you think you’ve mastered a concept.\\nThere are hundreds of Buddhist concepts and teachings to study, but try not to feel overwhelmed or pressured to “get it” right away.\\nAttend classes taught by a Venerable or lay devotee at your temple.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Uphold the Five Precepts.\", \"描述\": \"When you took refuge in the Triple Gem, you vowed to uphold the Five Precepts, but this can be difficult at times. Do your best to not kill any living creature, do not steal, do not commit sexual misconduct, be honest, and do not consume addictive intoxicants such as alcohol or drugs that makes you lose control of your mind. If you break the precepts, simply repent, and do your best to keep upholding them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice the Middle Way.\", \"描述\": \"This is an important part of Buddhism which requires Buddhists to lead a balanced life that is not too lavish or too stringent. The Middle Way is also known as the “Noble Eightfold Path,” which teaches Buddhists to abide by eight elements. Spend time studying all eight:\\nRight view\\nRight intention\\nRight speech\\nRight action\\nRight livelihood\\nRight effort\\nRight mindfulness\\nRight concentration\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Buddhism has many complicated philosophical texts; do not feel frustrated if they confuse you.\\n\", \"Spend a lot of time learning about Buddhism..\\n\", \"Helping others is an essential part of Buddhism. Nichiren Shoshu True Buddhism is the apex of Mahayana Buddhism. Soka Gakkai or SGI is not part of Nichiren Shoshu. They were excommunicated from Nichiren Shoshu in 1991.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,220 |
How to Become a Buddhist Monk
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1. Learning About Buddhism
1-1. Familiarize yourself with Buddhist teachings.
Begin your path to becoming a monk by understanding the basics about Buddhism. Check out books from the library, do research on line, and if possible, take classes from an instructor who has been ordained as a monk. The Buddha doesn't force anyone to believe, but asks disciples to prove the tenants true based on their own investigation of the religion. Here are the fundamentals you should know:
Study the Eightfold Path, which is the way to the end of all suffering. The path consists of the right understanding, right speech, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, right action and right livelihood.
Learn the four noble truths, which contain the essence of Buddhism. A simple version of the four noble truths is that suffering exists, it arises from attachment to wants, the condition stops when the attachment to desire stops and freedom from suffering is possible through the Eightfold Path.
1-2. Join a temple, or sangha, that practices Buddhism.
The Buddhist religion is worldwide and temples exist in almost every country. Practicing Buddhism as a layperson will give you valuable insight into what it's like to be part of a Buddhist community, which is central to becoming a monk. You'll want to become a regular part of the community for months, or even years, before you take the next step to become a monk.
Check your phone book or look online for a Buddhist center near you.
Be an active participant of the temple. Some sanghas offer introductory courses where you can learn more about Buddhism. Others schedule retreats to help you grow in your faith.
Not all Buddhist communities are alike. Like other types of religious institutions, some are more traditional, while others have changed with modern times. Find a community that fits with your views and is appealing to you.
It may also be helpful to visit Buddhist temples in other cities or even other countries to get a well-rounded view of the Buddhist community.
1-3. Find a spiritual guide or mentor.
Learning from a mentor is a very important first step in becoming a monk. One-on-one instruction allows you to delve deeper into Buddhist teachings and gain a more complete understanding of what will be expected of you as a monk. Begin working with someone who can teach you everything you need to know.
To find a mentor, ask people in your Buddhist community for recommendations.
Often, a temple will invite Buddhist leaders to come and speak to the group, and this gives you a chance to make contact with potential mentors.
2. Preparing for Monastic Life
2-1. Spend time meditating.
Becoming a Buddhist monk requires daily meditation and a conscious effort to change how the mind works. When you live in an abbey, much of your day will be spent in meditation. This takes practice.
Buddhism incorporates different kinds of meditation, including meditation that focuses on breathing, meditation that focuses on transformation and meditation on the Lamrim. Mediation can also include certain postures.
Start with five minutes of meditation two times a day. When you become comfortable with five minutes, increase your meditation time by a few minutes every day until you can meditate for 15 minutes two times a day. Some monks meditate for hours at a time.
2-2. Prepare to support yourself for two to three years.
Becoming a Buddhist monk requires you to follow the Vinaya, a code of conduct, which stipulates that Buddhist monks and nuns do not work a normal everyday job to support themselves. In some cases the abbey you join will provide for your basic necessities, but in other cases you'll need to have enough saved to support yourself.
2-3. Prepare to give up your worldly possessions.
Monks live as mendicants, meaning they possess only what is required for a very simple quality of life, nothing more. You'll be provided with clothing, sundries, and other items you need to stay comfortable from day to day. However, electronic devices, expensive clothes or shoes, and anything that could be considered a luxury item is not allowed. Monks are not allowed to possess items that could inspire emotions like greed, envy or possessiveness.
2-4. Realize that your Buddhist community will become your new family.
Once you join a monastery, your life will be devoted to your Buddhist community. Your days will be spent in service of others, and your focus will be on those who need your help. You will have little contact with your family, and will be encouraged to think of your Buddhist community as your new family.
Before pursuing ordination, you may want to discuss this with your family and let them know what is to come.
Some monasteries don't accept candidates who are married or have other strong relationship ties. Single people are more able to devote themselves to the teachings of Buddhism, since they don't have outside forces pulling their attention away.
2-5. Be ready to take a vow of chastity.
Monks do not engage in sexual behavior of any kind. In some cases male and female monks (or nuns) are not allowed to communicate with one another about matters that aren't related to everyday business. It is wise to practice chastity before becoming ordained so that you can find out whether you're suited to a chaste life. The idea is that the energy you'd normally put into sex is directed to matters greater than the self.
2-6. Decide what kind of commitment you want to make.
In some traditions, ordination is meant to be a lifelong commitment. However, there are other traditions in which it's perfectly fine to pursue ordination for a limited number of months or years. In Tibet, for example, many men complete two or three-month ordinations to develop their spiritual identities before eventually getting married or pursuing careers.
Make sure the monastery you're interested in joining offers the level of commitment you want.
If you're not sure, it's possible to do a two or three-month ordination, then pursue a longer-term ordination later.
3. Becoming Ordained as a Monk
3-1. Start training at an abbey.
If you're convinced that you want to become a monk, you'll be ordained at a specific abbey. It will be necessary to meet the requirements outlined by the abbey in order to be ordained there. In some cases an offer to become ordained must be extended by an elder who has decided you're a good candidate to become a monk.
3-2. Participate in an ordination ceremony.
The ceremony will mark your decision to become a Buddhist, and can only be performed by an ordained monk. During this ceremony, the monk will transmit to you the three Jewels and the five Precepts. You will also receive your Buddhist name.
If you're following Shin Buddhism, you'll have an affirmation ceremony, rather than an ordination ceremony. The affirmation ceremony serves the same purpose as ordination.
3-3. Follow the instructions of your teacher.
If you partook in an ordination ceremony, your teacher will usually be the ordained monk who led the ceremony. You will receive instructions specific to the monastery you are joining.
3-4. Take the Bodhisattva Vows.
A Bodhisattva is a person who devotes his or her life to the Buddhist way. The vows focus on doing compassionate deeds, striving to benefit every human being and seeking enlightenment. The vows serve as a way for you to embody your highest aspirations. They commit you to a life of selfless service, and you will recite them on a regular basis.
Tips
Some time after your initial training, sponsorships may become available that will provide financial assistance.
Buddhism originated in Southeast Asia, and countries such as Thailand and India have many Buddhist temples.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning About Buddhism\\n1-1. Familiarize yourself with Buddhist teachings.\\nBegin your path to becoming a monk by understanding the basics about Buddhism. Check out books from the library, do research on line, and if possible, take classes from an instructor who has been ordained as a monk. The Buddha doesn't force anyone to believe, but asks disciples to prove the tenants true based on their own investigation of the religion. Here are the fundamentals you should know:\\nStudy the Eightfold Path, which is the way to the end of all suffering. The path consists of the right understanding, right speech, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, right action and right livelihood.\\nLearn the four noble truths, which contain the essence of Buddhism. A simple version of the four noble truths is that suffering exists, it arises from attachment to wants, the condition stops when the attachment to desire stops and freedom from suffering is possible through the Eightfold Path.\\n1-2. Join a temple, or sangha, that practices Buddhism.\\nThe Buddhist religion is worldwide and temples exist in almost every country. Practicing Buddhism as a layperson will give you valuable insight into what it's like to be part of a Buddhist community, which is central to becoming a monk. You'll want to become a regular part of the community for months, or even years, before you take the next step to become a monk.\\nCheck your phone book or look online for a Buddhist center near you.\\nBe an active participant of the temple. Some sanghas offer introductory courses where you can learn more about Buddhism. Others schedule retreats to help you grow in your faith.\\nNot all Buddhist communities are alike. Like other types of religious institutions, some are more traditional, while others have changed with modern times. Find a community that fits with your views and is appealing to you.\\nIt may also be helpful to visit Buddhist temples in other cities or even other countries to get a well-rounded view of the Buddhist community.\\n1-3. Find a spiritual guide or mentor.\\nLearning from a mentor is a very important first step in becoming a monk. One-on-one instruction allows you to delve deeper into Buddhist teachings and gain a more complete understanding of what will be expected of you as a monk. Begin working with someone who can teach you everything you need to know.\\nTo find a mentor, ask people in your Buddhist community for recommendations.\\nOften, a temple will invite Buddhist leaders to come and speak to the group, and this gives you a chance to make contact with potential mentors.\\n2. Preparing for Monastic Life\\n2-1. Spend time meditating.\\nBecoming a Buddhist monk requires daily meditation and a conscious effort to change how the mind works. When you live in an abbey, much of your day will be spent in meditation. This takes practice.\\nBuddhism incorporates different kinds of meditation, including meditation that focuses on breathing, meditation that focuses on transformation and meditation on the Lamrim. Mediation can also include certain postures.\\nStart with five minutes of meditation two times a day. When you become comfortable with five minutes, increase your meditation time by a few minutes every day until you can meditate for 15 minutes two times a day. Some monks meditate for hours at a time.\\n2-2. Prepare to support yourself for two to three years.\\nBecoming a Buddhist monk requires you to follow the Vinaya, a code of conduct, which stipulates that Buddhist monks and nuns do not work a normal everyday job to support themselves. In some cases the abbey you join will provide for your basic necessities, but in other cases you'll need to have enough saved to support yourself.\\n2-3. Prepare to give up your worldly possessions.\\nMonks live as mendicants, meaning they possess only what is required for a very simple quality of life, nothing more. You'll be provided with clothing, sundries, and other items you need to stay comfortable from day to day. However, electronic devices, expensive clothes or shoes, and anything that could be considered a luxury item is not allowed. Monks are not allowed to possess items that could inspire emotions like greed, envy or possessiveness.\\n2-4. Realize that your Buddhist community will become your new family.\\nOnce you join a monastery, your life will be devoted to your Buddhist community. Your days will be spent in service of others, and your focus will be on those who need your help. You will have little contact with your family, and will be encouraged to think of your Buddhist community as your new family.\\nBefore pursuing ordination, you may want to discuss this with your family and let them know what is to come.\\nSome monasteries don't accept candidates who are married or have other strong relationship ties. Single people are more able to devote themselves to the teachings of Buddhism, since they don't have outside forces pulling their attention away.\\n2-5. Be ready to take a vow of chastity.\\nMonks do not engage in sexual behavior of any kind. In some cases male and female monks (or nuns) are not allowed to communicate with one another about matters that aren't related to everyday business. It is wise to practice chastity before becoming ordained so that you can find out whether you're suited to a chaste life. The idea is that the energy you'd normally put into sex is directed to matters greater than the self.\\n2-6. Decide what kind of commitment you want to make.\\nIn some traditions, ordination is meant to be a lifelong commitment. However, there are other traditions in which it's perfectly fine to pursue ordination for a limited number of months or years. In Tibet, for example, many men complete two or three-month ordinations to develop their spiritual identities before eventually getting married or pursuing careers.\\nMake sure the monastery you're interested in joining offers the level of commitment you want.\\nIf you're not sure, it's possible to do a two or three-month ordination, then pursue a longer-term ordination later.\\n3. Becoming Ordained as a Monk\\n3-1. Start training at an abbey.\\nIf you're convinced that you want to become a monk, you'll be ordained at a specific abbey. It will be necessary to meet the requirements outlined by the abbey in order to be ordained there. In some cases an offer to become ordained must be extended by an elder who has decided you're a good candidate to become a monk.\\n3-2. Participate in an ordination ceremony.\\nThe ceremony will mark your decision to become a Buddhist, and can only be performed by an ordained monk. During this ceremony, the monk will transmit to you the three Jewels and the five Precepts. You will also receive your Buddhist name.\\nIf you're following Shin Buddhism, you'll have an affirmation ceremony, rather than an ordination ceremony. The affirmation ceremony serves the same purpose as ordination.\\n3-3. Follow the instructions of your teacher.\\nIf you partook in an ordination ceremony, your teacher will usually be the ordained monk who led the ceremony. You will receive instructions specific to the monastery you are joining.\\n3-4. Take the Bodhisattva Vows.\\nA Bodhisattva is a person who devotes his or her life to the Buddhist way. The vows focus on doing compassionate deeds, striving to benefit every human being and seeking enlightenment. The vows serve as a way for you to embody your highest aspirations. They commit you to a life of selfless service, and you will recite them on a regular basis.\\nTips\\nSome time after your initial training, sponsorships may become available that will provide financial assistance.\\nBuddhism originated in Southeast Asia, and countries such as Thailand and India have many Buddhist temples.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buddhism is a religion over 2,000 years old. It offers a method of overcoming the suffering that is inherent in being. Buddhist monks are those who take it upon themselves to live a life entirely devoted to this goal.\\n\\nIt doesn't take a whole lot to become a monk. You will need to have a basic understanding of Buddhism (which, if you intend to ordain, you will likely have). Otherwise, a sincere intent to practice the Buddhist teachings is all you need.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning About Buddhism\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with Buddhist teachings.\", \"描述\": \"Begin your path to becoming a monk by understanding the basics about Buddhism. Check out books from the library, do research on line, and if possible, take classes from an instructor who has been ordained as a monk. The Buddha doesn't force anyone to believe, but asks disciples to prove the tenants true based on their own investigation of the religion. Here are the fundamentals you should know:\\nStudy the Eightfold Path, which is the way to the end of all suffering. The path consists of the right understanding, right speech, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, right action and right livelihood.\\nLearn the four noble truths, which contain the essence of Buddhism. A simple version of the four noble truths is that suffering exists, it arises from attachment to wants, the condition stops when the attachment to desire stops and freedom from suffering is possible through the Eightfold Path.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a temple, or sangha, that practices Buddhism.\", \"描述\": \"The Buddhist religion is worldwide and temples exist in almost every country. Practicing Buddhism as a layperson will give you valuable insight into what it's like to be part of a Buddhist community, which is central to becoming a monk. You'll want to become a regular part of the community for months, or even years, before you take the next step to become a monk.\\nCheck your phone book or look online for a Buddhist center near you.\\nBe an active participant of the temple. Some sanghas offer introductory courses where you can learn more about Buddhism. Others schedule retreats to help you grow in your faith.\\nNot all Buddhist communities are alike. Like other types of religious institutions, some are more traditional, while others have changed with modern times. Find a community that fits with your views and is appealing to you.\\nIt may also be helpful to visit Buddhist temples in other cities or even other countries to get a well-rounded view of the Buddhist community.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a spiritual guide or mentor.\", \"描述\": \"Learning from a mentor is a very important first step in becoming a monk. One-on-one instruction allows you to delve deeper into Buddhist teachings and gain a more complete understanding of what will be expected of you as a monk. Begin working with someone who can teach you everything you need to know.\\nTo find a mentor, ask people in your Buddhist community for recommendations.\\nOften, a temple will invite Buddhist leaders to come and speak to the group, and this gives you a chance to make contact with potential mentors.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Monastic Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spend time meditating.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a Buddhist monk requires daily meditation and a conscious effort to change how the mind works. When you live in an abbey, much of your day will be spent in meditation. This takes practice.\\nBuddhism incorporates different kinds of meditation, including meditation that focuses on breathing, meditation that focuses on transformation and meditation on the Lamrim. Mediation can also include certain postures.\\nStart with five minutes of meditation two times a day. When you become comfortable with five minutes, increase your meditation time by a few minutes every day until you can meditate for 15 minutes two times a day. Some monks meditate for hours at a time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare to support yourself for two to three years.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a Buddhist monk requires you to follow the Vinaya, a code of conduct, which stipulates that Buddhist monks and nuns do not work a normal everyday job to support themselves. In some cases the abbey you join will provide for your basic necessities, but in other cases you'll need to have enough saved to support yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare to give up your worldly possessions.\", \"描述\": \"Monks live as mendicants, meaning they possess only what is required for a very simple quality of life, nothing more. You'll be provided with clothing, sundries, and other items you need to stay comfortable from day to day. However, electronic devices, expensive clothes or shoes, and anything that could be considered a luxury item is not allowed. Monks are not allowed to possess items that could inspire emotions like greed, envy or possessiveness.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Realize that your Buddhist community will become your new family.\", \"描述\": \"Once you join a monastery, your life will be devoted to your Buddhist community. Your days will be spent in service of others, and your focus will be on those who need your help. You will have little contact with your family, and will be encouraged to think of your Buddhist community as your new family.\\nBefore pursuing ordination, you may want to discuss this with your family and let them know what is to come.\\nSome monasteries don't accept candidates who are married or have other strong relationship ties. Single people are more able to devote themselves to the teachings of Buddhism, since they don't have outside forces pulling their attention away.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be ready to take a vow of chastity.\", \"描述\": \"Monks do not engage in sexual behavior of any kind. In some cases male and female monks (or nuns) are not allowed to communicate with one another about matters that aren't related to everyday business. It is wise to practice chastity before becoming ordained so that you can find out whether you're suited to a chaste life. The idea is that the energy you'd normally put into sex is directed to matters greater than the self.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of commitment you want to make.\", \"描述\": \"In some traditions, ordination is meant to be a lifelong commitment. However, there are other traditions in which it's perfectly fine to pursue ordination for a limited number of months or years. In Tibet, for example, many men complete two or three-month ordinations to develop their spiritual identities before eventually getting married or pursuing careers.\\nMake sure the monastery you're interested in joining offers the level of commitment you want.\\nIf you're not sure, it's possible to do a two or three-month ordination, then pursue a longer-term ordination later.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming Ordained as a Monk\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start training at an abbey.\", \"描述\": \"If you're convinced that you want to become a monk, you'll be ordained at a specific abbey. It will be necessary to meet the requirements outlined by the abbey in order to be ordained there. In some cases an offer to become ordained must be extended by an elder who has decided you're a good candidate to become a monk.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Participate in an ordination ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"The ceremony will mark your decision to become a Buddhist, and can only be performed by an ordained monk. During this ceremony, the monk will transmit to you the three Jewels and the five Precepts. You will also receive your Buddhist name.\\nIf you're following Shin Buddhism, you'll have an affirmation ceremony, rather than an ordination ceremony. The affirmation ceremony serves the same purpose as ordination.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Follow the instructions of your teacher.\", \"描述\": \"If you partook in an ordination ceremony, your teacher will usually be the ordained monk who led the ceremony. You will receive instructions specific to the monastery you are joining.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the Bodhisattva Vows.\", \"描述\": \"A Bodhisattva is a person who devotes his or her life to the Buddhist way. The vows focus on doing compassionate deeds, striving to benefit every human being and seeking enlightenment. The vows serve as a way for you to embody your highest aspirations. They commit you to a life of selfless service, and you will recite them on a regular basis.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some time after your initial training, sponsorships may become available that will provide financial assistance.\\n\", \"Buddhism originated in Southeast Asia, and countries such as Thailand and India have many Buddhist temples.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,221 |
How to Become a Building Inspector
|
1. Acquiring the Right Education
1-1. List what skills to look for in a program.
You want to select a training program that will leave you with a diverse set of skills for the certification process, and adaptable enough to deal with the often changing rules and technology in the architectural environment.
Check to see if the program covers essential inspection items such as roofing, the foundation, interior work, electrical work, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, structural fatigue, and the like.
Also look for programs that can teach you to inspect a wide variety of building types including condominiums, townhouses, apartments, skyscrapers, residential homes, prefabricated buildings, and new construction projects.
1-2. Choose between community college or vocational schools.
Training in engineering and/or architecture is a great asset in this field. Community colleges tend to offer a wider variety of courses in this area while vocational schools may have more specifically tailored courses.
If you go with the community college choice, consider taking additional courses in algebra, geometry, writing, and anything that might contribute to reading of blueprints and construction skill-building.
If you select a vocational school, in addition to the program coverage from the earlier step and the certification from the following step, try to go with a good record of career placement.
1-3. Check if the program works towards certification.
Whatever building inspector training program you enter needs to be working towards the proper certification. Ask your local government if this school's certification matches with the official requirements.
The inspection program should include field training, provisions for state licensing in the states that have them, and preparation for the national and state exams you need to pass.
1-4. Look up mentoring options.
You will be learning from experienced inspectors during your vocational program and/or on the job training. This is an important foundation for employment later as well.
Some mentoring programs are highly structured, and will thoroughly lay out your schedule as you shadow your more experienced partner.
If your mentor is not as "hands on" as you would like, ask for more attention or another partner.
In either the job or vocational setting, you need to be shadowing inspections, learning codes, techniques, terminology, and developing communication skills with other inspectors, customers, as well as subjects.
1-5. Get field experience.
This is one of the most important steps to becoming a building inspector. Some education in relate fields such as architecture can be substituted here, but there is no substitute for performing inspections yourself under the supervision of a knowledgeable partner.
You might ask your prospective program how they handle this aspect, if they have a mentoring program as referenced in the earlier step, and how many hours of this they provide towards certification.
Compare how much field experience you can get on the job and in programs to what you need for the license you apply to.
2. Getting Certification
2-1. Copy down information on the major national building inspector exams.
There are two major national test models. Any version of the test will cover similar categories of building inspection knowledge.
The national exam is usually based off of the test created by one of two groups: The American Society of Home Inspectors or the National Association of Home Inspectors.
These exams will cover the subjects including the building site, exteriors, roofing, garages, attics, exterior structures, interior structures, foundations, environmental hazards, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical systems, air and water quality, plumbing, codes of conduct and ethics.
2-2. Look into a preparatory course.
This is a good idea for any national test, and can help focus your attention on the questions and classroom knowledge you will need to pass the exam. This may be something your chosen school also offers.
The courses can be expensive, several hundreds of dollars, so be sure this will benefit you.
If you can ask about the test question types, and what else to expect from those that have taken it, do so.
2-3. Take some practice tests.
If a sample test is available, add this to your training. Verify that the test you're sampling has relevant questions by asking your training program.
A run through the test, even an old one under test conditions can be a help to your performance on the test later on.
This test is usually computerized at this time, but the practice questions and timing can be simulated.
Do this a few times to improve your score and timing.
2-4. Locate a testing facility.
Make sure you have selected a facility relatively easy to reach at the day and time the test is given. Get a detailed set of instructions for any facility procedures.
When applying for the test, you will need to provide your full name, home address, social security number, telephone number, date of birth, exam date, and test center location.
Upon arrival at the test you will need your application confirmation number, examination fee (unless already paid), two forms of identification (ask the test center what is accepted if unsure--usually one must be a photo-identification like a driver's license), the score report of the previous tests if this is a retake, and name of the exam(s) you are taking this time.
2-5. Check with your state and local governments.
You should find out of there are additional regulations, codes, and/or licenses you need to familiarize yourself with and/or acquire. You can find out how far your certification is valid for geographically.
Different states can require different levels of education, specific additional exams, additional field experience, and liability insurance.
3. Applying Your Skills
3-1. Prepare for demanding physical and mental requirements.
This is a career that involves a great deal of movement through structures, and explaining technical findings to others. Communication skills are also crucial.
Inspectors should expect to move in and out of buildings frequently, and in and around all of the spaces that make up the structures they inspect.
This job requires the ability to explain problems found during inspections to those that hired the inspector and those that were inspected. This includes translating what may be technical architectural terms into something non-specialists can understand.
Having some knowledge and being able to perform construction can help inspectors with certification.
Being able to understand, use, and investigate complex mechanical systems is also something that is useful. In the field, using these systems can happen
Expect to have to look into the details of your assignments. Inspectors frequently have to multi-task and handle close examination of several construction activities simultaneously without overlooking any of their individual components.
3-2. Look for openings in your locality and regionally.
There are a number of public and private careers for building inspectors.This is one of a couple of common paths inspectors take into employment--working for others.
When you reach this stage of your career development, review your program's career links to see if they have any deals with existing companies or government agencies that may get you employment.
Some categories of jobs for building inspectors include local government departments, construction contractors, architecture firms, real estate businesses, and home owners.
Getting a job is best done through your original training program if they offer placement assistance.
Other ways to get jobs include listings at government employment commissions, hiring agencies.
Make sure that the jobs you look for are in areas your certification will be valid.
3-3. Start your own building inspection business.
This is a considerable undertaking, but one to think about if you don't pursue inspection work with others. You would need to establish commercial credentials, and build up clients or contract work.
There are many paths to [Start-Your-Own-Business| starting your own business]. Make sure you check your state and city ordinances if you go this route. In addition to your certification for inspection, there will be other business licenses you may need.
Consult Federal assistance programs for start up businesses as well. These can help you with networking, financing, and ideas for gathering clients.
Think about joining your local, state, and federal chambers of commerce to improve your business's visibility and ability to get inspection contracts.
3-4. Create a sample budget with the expected pay for building inspectors.
As of 2012, the pay range for inspectors varied from approximately $32,000 to $84,000. Take into consideration if this pay range is suitable for your needs and lifestyle.
This pay reflects mostly full-time work during the business day--though workloads can increase during periods of disaster, site accidents, or heavy construction months.
Approximately 11 percent of inspectors were self-employed.
3-5. Make a career plan that considers the job outlook.
Overall growth for building inspectors is growing, but entry is being somewhat constrained to those with field experience over education-only applicants. Take this into consideration when applying to multiple jobs.
Multiple-field experience inspectors are the highest in demand, especially by the government. These are inspectors with specialties in engineering, architecture, electrical systems, etc...
Larger locales favor specialized inspectors while smaller areas favor inspectors that are more broadly skilled.
Tips
If you have a bachelor's degree in a related field such as architecture--you may be able to substitute some education for field experience when applying for jobs.
If you fail the inspector exam, there is no limit to the number of times you can retake it.
Warnings
National exam preparatory courses can cost over $400.
The national exam can cost over $200.
If you fail the exam you must wait 30 days to retake it, and pay the original exam fee each time.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acquiring the Right Education\\n1-1. List what skills to look for in a program.\\nYou want to select a training program that will leave you with a diverse set of skills for the certification process, and adaptable enough to deal with the often changing rules and technology in the architectural environment.\\nCheck to see if the program covers essential inspection items such as roofing, the foundation, interior work, electrical work, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, structural fatigue, and the like.\\nAlso look for programs that can teach you to inspect a wide variety of building types including condominiums, townhouses, apartments, skyscrapers, residential homes, prefabricated buildings, and new construction projects.\\n1-2. Choose between community college or vocational schools.\\nTraining in engineering and/or architecture is a great asset in this field. Community colleges tend to offer a wider variety of courses in this area while vocational schools may have more specifically tailored courses.\\nIf you go with the community college choice, consider taking additional courses in algebra, geometry, writing, and anything that might contribute to reading of blueprints and construction skill-building.\\nIf you select a vocational school, in addition to the program coverage from the earlier step and the certification from the following step, try to go with a good record of career placement.\\n1-3. Check if the program works towards certification.\\nWhatever building inspector training program you enter needs to be working towards the proper certification. Ask your local government if this school's certification matches with the official requirements.\\nThe inspection program should include field training, provisions for state licensing in the states that have them, and preparation for the national and state exams you need to pass.\\n1-4. Look up mentoring options.\\nYou will be learning from experienced inspectors during your vocational program and/or on the job training. This is an important foundation for employment later as well.\\nSome mentoring programs are highly structured, and will thoroughly lay out your schedule as you shadow your more experienced partner.\\nIf your mentor is not as \\\"hands on\\\" as you would like, ask for more attention or another partner.\\nIn either the job or vocational setting, you need to be shadowing inspections, learning codes, techniques, terminology, and developing communication skills with other inspectors, customers, as well as subjects.\\n1-5. Get field experience.\\nThis is one of the most important steps to becoming a building inspector. Some education in relate fields such as architecture can be substituted here, but there is no substitute for performing inspections yourself under the supervision of a knowledgeable partner.\\nYou might ask your prospective program how they handle this aspect, if they have a mentoring program as referenced in the earlier step, and how many hours of this they provide towards certification.\\nCompare how much field experience you can get on the job and in programs to what you need for the license you apply to.\\n2. Getting Certification\\n2-1. Copy down information on the major national building inspector exams.\\nThere are two major national test models. Any version of the test will cover similar categories of building inspection knowledge. \\nThe national exam is usually based off of the test created by one of two groups: The American Society of Home Inspectors or the National Association of Home Inspectors.\\nThese exams will cover the subjects including the building site, exteriors, roofing, garages, attics, exterior structures, interior structures, foundations, environmental hazards, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical systems, air and water quality, plumbing, codes of conduct and ethics.\\n2-2. Look into a preparatory course.\\nThis is a good idea for any national test, and can help focus your attention on the questions and classroom knowledge you will need to pass the exam. This may be something your chosen school also offers. \\nThe courses can be expensive, several hundreds of dollars, so be sure this will benefit you.\\nIf you can ask about the test question types, and what else to expect from those that have taken it, do so.\\n2-3. Take some practice tests.\\nIf a sample test is available, add this to your training. Verify that the test you're sampling has relevant questions by asking your training program.\\nA run through the test, even an old one under test conditions can be a help to your performance on the test later on.\\nThis test is usually computerized at this time, but the practice questions and timing can be simulated.\\nDo this a few times to improve your score and timing.\\n2-4. Locate a testing facility.\\nMake sure you have selected a facility relatively easy to reach at the day and time the test is given. Get a detailed set of instructions for any facility procedures.\\nWhen applying for the test, you will need to provide your full name, home address, social security number, telephone number, date of birth, exam date, and test center location.\\nUpon arrival at the test you will need your application confirmation number, examination fee (unless already paid), two forms of identification (ask the test center what is accepted if unsure--usually one must be a photo-identification like a driver's license), the score report of the previous tests if this is a retake, and name of the exam(s) you are taking this time.\\n2-5. Check with your state and local governments.\\nYou should find out of there are additional regulations, codes, and/or licenses you need to familiarize yourself with and/or acquire. You can find out how far your certification is valid for geographically.\\nDifferent states can require different levels of education, specific additional exams, additional field experience, and liability insurance.\\n3. Applying Your Skills\\n3-1. Prepare for demanding physical and mental requirements.\\nThis is a career that involves a great deal of movement through structures, and explaining technical findings to others. Communication skills are also crucial.\\nInspectors should expect to move in and out of buildings frequently, and in and around all of the spaces that make up the structures they inspect.\\nThis job requires the ability to explain problems found during inspections to those that hired the inspector and those that were inspected. This includes translating what may be technical architectural terms into something non-specialists can understand.\\nHaving some knowledge and being able to perform construction can help inspectors with certification.\\nBeing able to understand, use, and investigate complex mechanical systems is also something that is useful. In the field, using these systems can happen\\nExpect to have to look into the details of your assignments. Inspectors frequently have to multi-task and handle close examination of several construction activities simultaneously without overlooking any of their individual components.\\n3-2. Look for openings in your locality and regionally.\\nThere are a number of public and private careers for building inspectors.This is one of a couple of common paths inspectors take into employment--working for others.\\nWhen you reach this stage of your career development, review your program's career links to see if they have any deals with existing companies or government agencies that may get you employment.\\nSome categories of jobs for building inspectors include local government departments, construction contractors, architecture firms, real estate businesses, and home owners.\\nGetting a job is best done through your original training program if they offer placement assistance.\\nOther ways to get jobs include listings at government employment commissions, hiring agencies.\\nMake sure that the jobs you look for are in areas your certification will be valid.\\n3-3. Start your own building inspection business.\\nThis is a considerable undertaking, but one to think about if you don't pursue inspection work with others. You would need to establish commercial credentials, and build up clients or contract work.\\nThere are many paths to [Start-Your-Own-Business| starting your own business]. Make sure you check your state and city ordinances if you go this route. In addition to your certification for inspection, there will be other business licenses you may need.\\nConsult Federal assistance programs for start up businesses as well. These can help you with networking, financing, and ideas for gathering clients.\\nThink about joining your local, state, and federal chambers of commerce to improve your business's visibility and ability to get inspection contracts.\\n3-4. Create a sample budget with the expected pay for building inspectors.\\nAs of 2012, the pay range for inspectors varied from approximately $32,000 to $84,000. Take into consideration if this pay range is suitable for your needs and lifestyle.\\nThis pay reflects mostly full-time work during the business day--though workloads can increase during periods of disaster, site accidents, or heavy construction months.\\nApproximately 11 percent of inspectors were self-employed.\\n3-5. Make a career plan that considers the job outlook.\\nOverall growth for building inspectors is growing, but entry is being somewhat constrained to those with field experience over education-only applicants. Take this into consideration when applying to multiple jobs.\\nMultiple-field experience inspectors are the highest in demand, especially by the government. These are inspectors with specialties in engineering, architecture, electrical systems, etc...\\nLarger locales favor specialized inspectors while smaller areas favor inspectors that are more broadly skilled.\\nTips\\nIf you have a bachelor's degree in a related field such as architecture--you may be able to substitute some education for field experience when applying for jobs.\\nIf you fail the inspector exam, there is no limit to the number of times you can retake it.\\nWarnings\\nNational exam preparatory courses can cost over $400.\\nThe national exam can cost over $200.\\nIf you fail the exam you must wait 30 days to retake it, and pay the original exam fee each time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Building inspection is an important occupation for society as determining the suitability of a structure for occupancy is crucial for the safety of all who many live, work, and/or play in the area. There are many facets that the inspector may need to cover in the course of their duties, so some rigor in the process of certification should be expected. This training is done partially in the field, and partially with education.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquiring the Right Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List what skills to look for in a program.\", \"描述\": \"You want to select a training program that will leave you with a diverse set of skills for the certification process, and adaptable enough to deal with the often changing rules and technology in the architectural environment.\\nCheck to see if the program covers essential inspection items such as roofing, the foundation, interior work, electrical work, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, structural fatigue, and the like.\\nAlso look for programs that can teach you to inspect a wide variety of building types including condominiums, townhouses, apartments, skyscrapers, residential homes, prefabricated buildings, and new construction projects.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose between community college or vocational schools.\", \"描述\": \"Training in engineering and/or architecture is a great asset in this field. Community colleges tend to offer a wider variety of courses in this area while vocational schools may have more specifically tailored courses.\\nIf you go with the community college choice, consider taking additional courses in algebra, geometry, writing, and anything that might contribute to reading of blueprints and construction skill-building.\\nIf you select a vocational school, in addition to the program coverage from the earlier step and the certification from the following step, try to go with a good record of career placement.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check if the program works towards certification.\", \"描述\": \"Whatever building inspector training program you enter needs to be working towards the proper certification. Ask your local government if this school's certification matches with the official requirements.\\nThe inspection program should include field training, provisions for state licensing in the states that have them, and preparation for the national and state exams you need to pass.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look up mentoring options.\", \"描述\": \"You will be learning from experienced inspectors during your vocational program and/or on the job training. This is an important foundation for employment later as well.\\nSome mentoring programs are highly structured, and will thoroughly lay out your schedule as you shadow your more experienced partner.\\nIf your mentor is not as \\\"hands on\\\" as you would like, ask for more attention or another partner.\\nIn either the job or vocational setting, you need to be shadowing inspections, learning codes, techniques, terminology, and developing communication skills with other inspectors, customers, as well as subjects.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get field experience.\", \"描述\": \"This is one of the most important steps to becoming a building inspector. Some education in relate fields such as architecture can be substituted here, but there is no substitute for performing inspections yourself under the supervision of a knowledgeable partner.\\nYou might ask your prospective program how they handle this aspect, if they have a mentoring program as referenced in the earlier step, and how many hours of this they provide towards certification.\\nCompare how much field experience you can get on the job and in programs to what you need for the license you apply to.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Copy down information on the major national building inspector exams.\", \"描述\": \"There are two major national test models. Any version of the test will cover similar categories of building inspection knowledge. \\nThe national exam is usually based off of the test created by one of two groups: The American Society of Home Inspectors or the National Association of Home Inspectors.\\nThese exams will cover the subjects including the building site, exteriors, roofing, garages, attics, exterior structures, interior structures, foundations, environmental hazards, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical systems, air and water quality, plumbing, codes of conduct and ethics.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look into a preparatory course.\", \"描述\": \"This is a good idea for any national test, and can help focus your attention on the questions and classroom knowledge you will need to pass the exam. This may be something your chosen school also offers. \\nThe courses can be expensive, several hundreds of dollars, so be sure this will benefit you.\\nIf you can ask about the test question types, and what else to expect from those that have taken it, do so.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take some practice tests.\", \"描述\": \"If a sample test is available, add this to your training. Verify that the test you're sampling has relevant questions by asking your training program.\\nA run through the test, even an old one under test conditions can be a help to your performance on the test later on.\\nThis test is usually computerized at this time, but the practice questions and timing can be simulated.\\nDo this a few times to improve your score and timing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Locate a testing facility.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you have selected a facility relatively easy to reach at the day and time the test is given. Get a detailed set of instructions for any facility procedures.\\nWhen applying for the test, you will need to provide your full name, home address, social security number, telephone number, date of birth, exam date, and test center location.\\nUpon arrival at the test you will need your application confirmation number, examination fee (unless already paid), two forms of identification (ask the test center what is accepted if unsure--usually one must be a photo-identification like a driver's license), the score report of the previous tests if this is a retake, and name of the exam(s) you are taking this time.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check with your state and local governments.\", \"描述\": \"You should find out of there are additional regulations, codes, and/or licenses you need to familiarize yourself with and/or acquire. You can find out how far your certification is valid for geographically.\\nDifferent states can require different levels of education, specific additional exams, additional field experience, and liability insurance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare for demanding physical and mental requirements.\", \"描述\": \"This is a career that involves a great deal of movement through structures, and explaining technical findings to others. Communication skills are also crucial.\\nInspectors should expect to move in and out of buildings frequently, and in and around all of the spaces that make up the structures they inspect.\\nThis job requires the ability to explain problems found during inspections to those that hired the inspector and those that were inspected. This includes translating what may be technical architectural terms into something non-specialists can understand.\\nHaving some knowledge and being able to perform construction can help inspectors with certification.\\nBeing able to understand, use, and investigate complex mechanical systems is also something that is useful. In the field, using these systems can happen\\nExpect to have to look into the details of your assignments. Inspectors frequently have to multi-task and handle close examination of several construction activities simultaneously without overlooking any of their individual components.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for openings in your locality and regionally.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of public and private careers for building inspectors.This is one of a couple of common paths inspectors take into employment--working for others.\\nWhen you reach this stage of your career development, review your program's career links to see if they have any deals with existing companies or government agencies that may get you employment.\\nSome categories of jobs for building inspectors include local government departments, construction contractors, architecture firms, real estate businesses, and home owners.\\nGetting a job is best done through your original training program if they offer placement assistance.\\nOther ways to get jobs include listings at government employment commissions, hiring agencies.\\nMake sure that the jobs you look for are in areas your certification will be valid.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start your own building inspection business.\", \"描述\": \"This is a considerable undertaking, but one to think about if you don't pursue inspection work with others. You would need to establish commercial credentials, and build up clients or contract work.\\nThere are many paths to [Start-Your-Own-Business| starting your own business]. Make sure you check your state and city ordinances if you go this route. In addition to your certification for inspection, there will be other business licenses you may need.\\nConsult Federal assistance programs for start up businesses as well. These can help you with networking, financing, and ideas for gathering clients.\\nThink about joining your local, state, and federal chambers of commerce to improve your business's visibility and ability to get inspection contracts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a sample budget with the expected pay for building inspectors.\", \"描述\": \"As of 2012, the pay range for inspectors varied from approximately $32,000 to $84,000. Take into consideration if this pay range is suitable for your needs and lifestyle.\\nThis pay reflects mostly full-time work during the business day--though workloads can increase during periods of disaster, site accidents, or heavy construction months.\\nApproximately 11 percent of inspectors were self-employed.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make a career plan that considers the job outlook.\", \"描述\": \"Overall growth for building inspectors is growing, but entry is being somewhat constrained to those with field experience over education-only applicants. Take this into consideration when applying to multiple jobs.\\nMultiple-field experience inspectors are the highest in demand, especially by the government. These are inspectors with specialties in engineering, architecture, electrical systems, etc...\\nLarger locales favor specialized inspectors while smaller areas favor inspectors that are more broadly skilled.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you have a bachelor's degree in a related field such as architecture--you may be able to substitute some education for field experience when applying for jobs.\\n\", \"If you fail the inspector exam, there is no limit to the number of times you can retake it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"National exam preparatory courses can cost over $400.\\n\", \"The national exam can cost over $200.\\n\", \"If you fail the exam you must wait 30 days to retake it, and pay the original exam fee each time.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,222 |
How to Become a Business Broker
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1. Deciding to Become a Business Broker
1-1. Understand what a business broker does.
A business broker is essentially a deal maker between the buyers and sellers of businesses. They generally represent the seller of a business, but can also represent buyers, both parties, or act as neutral intermediaries. Their goal is to make the selling process as easy and rewarding as possible for their client. Specifically, they handle every aspect of the sale, including:
Finding business owners trying to sell.
Estimating the fair market value of the business.
Creating a sale listing and advertise the sale.
Identifying and investigate potential buyers.
Negotiating a purchase deal.
Making sure that the buyer acquires proper funding.
Other duties are required to close a sale.
1-2. Know what the job will require.
Business brokers are required to have the skills of accountants, financial analysts, salesmen, and intermediaries, in addition to a specific business brokerage skill set. They have to identify and, in many cases, cold call business owners that they think might be wanting to sell. As a new business broker, you will need to build up relationships and handle many rejections before even making your first deal. There will be long hours and many repetitive tasks to handle before you make any progress. However, for those with the entrepreneurial spirit, being a business broker can be a rewarding career.
1-3. Look into the job market and compensation.
Business broker compensation varies between brokers and depends on the type of deals that they make. Commissions earned on sales are usually 8 to 12 percent of the sale price, but may be more or less depending on the size of the business being sold. Business brokers can expect to make over $100,000 per year from completing even a small number of average-sized deals. However, larger sales bring in larger commissions. For example, a 10 percent commission on a $2 million sale could net you $200,000 on its own (before expenses).
The market for business brokers depends on the state of the economy and how many business brokers already exist in the area. The total number of brokers operating in the country ranges from only 2,500 to 5,000. This leaves ample opportunity for new brokers to enter the market.
Currently, there are about 1,850 businesses for every business brokerage.
1-4. Be willing to budget your finances.
While the income potential from business brokerage is significant, there is always the chance that market factors or simple bad luck can reduce your income for periods of time. Part of becoming a business broker, or holding any type of commission-based job, is accepting that you will have to save most of your money just in case you don't get paid for a while. That is, when you start making good money, don't immediately go out and spend it all on a new house, car, or other expensive items.
2. Setting Up for Success
2-1. Cultivate a business background.
A business background is essential to success as a business broker, as the job requires understanding every aspect of another business well enough to sell or buy that business on behalf of a client. Your experience will also help convince a client that you know what you're doing. Perhaps the most useful experience would be owning or operating a small business yourself. This can help you understand the small business mindset and give you insight into how they function.
Those with corporate backgrounds, however, may have a greater understanding of larger businesses that can be useful in making larger deals.
You don't need direct experience to become a business broker, particularly if you join a brokerage that provides training. However, you will still need a deep understanding of business operations and concepts to be successful.
2-2. Work on personal attributes that are predictive of success as a business broker.
To be successful, you will likely need a sales aptitude, an ability to be diplomatic in difficult situations, and a stick-to-it determination to work hard and independently on your own schedule without becoming lazy. You should develop a knack for cultivating relationships with potential buyers or sellers and quickly developing a deep understanding of their business and industry. This includes seeking out every possible lead to ensure that you don't miss any potential buyers. You will also need strong negotiation skills and the ability to keep the buyer or seller on track and confident in the deal.
2-3. Investigate training options.
There are several business broker training alternatives available for individuals who want to enter the profession. Try searching online for “Business Broker Training.” For example, the American Business Brokers Association offers two-day training programs across the country for aspiring brokers. If you choose a third-party option, make sure to look for reviews from previous students so that you know the training program is reputable. You should look for training programs that offer post-classroom support, preferably at no cost.
2-4. Learn the requisite skills.
Regardless of their background, most individuals will need some training specific to business brokerage. There are many skills that need to be learned through training, experience in other lines of work, or direct business brokerage experience. Just a few of these are:
How to recast financial statements for discretionary cash flow?
How to use the most appropriate business appraisal methodology?
How to build a marketing package for each type of business?
How to maintain strict confidentiality while marketing nationally?
How to select the most appropriate advertising venues for marketing a business?
How to conduct the initial buyer / seller meeting without raising animosity?
What are the do’s and don’ts of successful negotiations on price and terms?
How to get the transaction to the closing table?
Closing the transaction with proper documentation and follow up?
3. Working as a Business Broker
3-1. Apply to join an existing brokerage firm.
In order to gain experience as a business broker, your best option is to apply to join an existing business brokerage firm. Taking a reduced commission is worth the amount of mentorship and training you will receive from working with experience brokers. It will also be easier to find leads if you are working for an established firm. Just make sure that the brokerage is willing to actually train you, rather than just handing you a list of contacts and expecting you to make a sale.
3-2. Join another type of office.
Many business brokers work together with those in other fields, joining their offices to handle business deals that may come through. For example, many brokers work with real estate agents, accountants, or bookkeepers and can handle any potential business sales that the others hear about when dealing with local businesses. Working in this type of environment can gain you easy referrals and also give the you the experience necessary to get your broker license.
3-3. Get licensed in your state.
In 17 states, business brokers need to be licensed as real estate brokers. You will also need a real estate sales license if you are dealing with the sale of any real estate as part of your business brokering (in all states). Getting the sales license is simply a matter of going through required classes and passing the license examination. From here, you can gain more experience and then repeat the process to move up to a broker's license.
The exact requirements for each level and the relevant coursework vary by state, so check with your state's department of real estate to see the current requirements.
You will also likely be required to pass a background check before obtaining either license.
3-4. Become a certified broker.
Experienced and educated business brokers can increase their reputability by earning certifications in the field. Specifically, the American Business Brokers Association (ABBA) can bestow the Accredited Business Intermediary (ABI) designation to qualified brokers. Similarly, the International Business Brokers Association (IBBA) offers the Certified Business Intermediary (CBI) designation. Acquiring either of these require applying to the relevant organization and paying a fee.
California and Texas also have state-specific organizations that offer credential to their members.
3-5. Start your own practice.
Your other option for becoming a business broker is to start your own shop. If you're going to work as a sole practitioner, this can be very cost-effective, as you can work out of your home and avoid unnecessary expenses. However, working from home and working alone can make it difficult to get focused. In addition, you miss out on the mentorship and training available from existing brokerage firms.
Remember that you will need some operating capital to keep the lights on until you start closing deals.
4. Finding Success
4-1. Build up your relationships.
Odds are, you won't have much success when you first start out. Most of your cold calls will lead nowhere, your few leads may not materialize as actual deals, and it may seem like you're invisible to sellers. You'll be spending money on advertising, transportation, and paying your own way without earning a paycheck. However, in time you will begin to see deals come through if you work long and hard enough. All it takes is building up relationships and referrals to get the green light on a deal. Make sure you understand from the start that it may take up to six months before you actually see any brokering work.
4-2. Give each deal your all.
When you do finally get a brokering deal, focus all of your efforts on understanding every aspect of that business. Meet the employees, learn to use their equipment, dig deep into their books, and work to know their market and competitors better than they do. Make your client confident in your ability to successfully represent their business by showing a true concern and understanding for what they do. If you work hard enough, your efforts with return you a good sale price for the business, which in turn nets you a higher commission.
4-3. Respect your clients.
Clients may have any number of issues with their businesses, from poor bookkeeping to disorganized operations. However, it is not your job to judge what they are doing wrong, but to prepare their business to be sold. To do so, you'll have to be respectful and courteous as you work to understand their business and organize their bookkeeping, for example, in such a way that potential buyers might better understand it.
4-4. Work towards becoming specialized.
As in all lines work, specializing is a proven method for reputation building and earning referrals. Business brokers who specialize in a certain industry can create a reputation as an industry expert, and will turn into a "go to" for certain types of deals. Your specialty can be something like retail, restaurants, or technology businesses. This specialty can arise either from your previous experience or as a result of your completing a number of deals in this industry.
If you are drawn to a particular segment of the industry or specialization, consider getting more training or education in it. This will make you more qualified to offer specialized services in that area.
Warnings
Before committing to a business brokerage franchise or licensing arrangement (both of which can be expensive), investigate all options.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Deciding to Become a Business Broker\\n1-1. Understand what a business broker does.\\nA business broker is essentially a deal maker between the buyers and sellers of businesses. They generally represent the seller of a business, but can also represent buyers, both parties, or act as neutral intermediaries. Their goal is to make the selling process as easy and rewarding as possible for their client. Specifically, they handle every aspect of the sale, including:\\nFinding business owners trying to sell.\\nEstimating the fair market value of the business.\\nCreating a sale listing and advertise the sale.\\nIdentifying and investigate potential buyers.\\nNegotiating a purchase deal.\\nMaking sure that the buyer acquires proper funding.\\nOther duties are required to close a sale.\\n1-2. Know what the job will require.\\nBusiness brokers are required to have the skills of accountants, financial analysts, salesmen, and intermediaries, in addition to a specific business brokerage skill set. They have to identify and, in many cases, cold call business owners that they think might be wanting to sell. As a new business broker, you will need to build up relationships and handle many rejections before even making your first deal. There will be long hours and many repetitive tasks to handle before you make any progress. However, for those with the entrepreneurial spirit, being a business broker can be a rewarding career.\\n1-3. Look into the job market and compensation.\\nBusiness broker compensation varies between brokers and depends on the type of deals that they make. Commissions earned on sales are usually 8 to 12 percent of the sale price, but may be more or less depending on the size of the business being sold. Business brokers can expect to make over $100,000 per year from completing even a small number of average-sized deals. However, larger sales bring in larger commissions. For example, a 10 percent commission on a $2 million sale could net you $200,000 on its own (before expenses).\\nThe market for business brokers depends on the state of the economy and how many business brokers already exist in the area. The total number of brokers operating in the country ranges from only 2,500 to 5,000. This leaves ample opportunity for new brokers to enter the market.\\nCurrently, there are about 1,850 businesses for every business brokerage.\\n1-4. Be willing to budget your finances.\\nWhile the income potential from business brokerage is significant, there is always the chance that market factors or simple bad luck can reduce your income for periods of time. Part of becoming a business broker, or holding any type of commission-based job, is accepting that you will have to save most of your money just in case you don't get paid for a while. That is, when you start making good money, don't immediately go out and spend it all on a new house, car, or other expensive items.\\n2. Setting Up for Success\\n2-1. Cultivate a business background.\\nA business background is essential to success as a business broker, as the job requires understanding every aspect of another business well enough to sell or buy that business on behalf of a client. Your experience will also help convince a client that you know what you're doing. Perhaps the most useful experience would be owning or operating a small business yourself. This can help you understand the small business mindset and give you insight into how they function.\\nThose with corporate backgrounds, however, may have a greater understanding of larger businesses that can be useful in making larger deals.\\nYou don't need direct experience to become a business broker, particularly if you join a brokerage that provides training. However, you will still need a deep understanding of business operations and concepts to be successful.\\n2-2. Work on personal attributes that are predictive of success as a business broker.\\nTo be successful, you will likely need a sales aptitude, an ability to be diplomatic in difficult situations, and a stick-to-it determination to work hard and independently on your own schedule without becoming lazy. You should develop a knack for cultivating relationships with potential buyers or sellers and quickly developing a deep understanding of their business and industry. This includes seeking out every possible lead to ensure that you don't miss any potential buyers. You will also need strong negotiation skills and the ability to keep the buyer or seller on track and confident in the deal.\\n2-3. Investigate training options.\\nThere are several business broker training alternatives available for individuals who want to enter the profession. Try searching online for “Business Broker Training.” For example, the American Business Brokers Association offers two-day training programs across the country for aspiring brokers. If you choose a third-party option, make sure to look for reviews from previous students so that you know the training program is reputable. You should look for training programs that offer post-classroom support, preferably at no cost.\\n2-4. Learn the requisite skills.\\nRegardless of their background, most individuals will need some training specific to business brokerage. There are many skills that need to be learned through training, experience in other lines of work, or direct business brokerage experience. Just a few of these are:\\nHow to recast financial statements for discretionary cash flow?\\nHow to use the most appropriate business appraisal methodology?\\nHow to build a marketing package for each type of business?\\nHow to maintain strict confidentiality while marketing nationally?\\nHow to select the most appropriate advertising venues for marketing a business?\\nHow to conduct the initial buyer / seller meeting without raising animosity?\\nWhat are the do’s and don’ts of successful negotiations on price and terms?\\nHow to get the transaction to the closing table?\\nClosing the transaction with proper documentation and follow up?\\n3. Working as a Business Broker\\n3-1. Apply to join an existing brokerage firm.\\nIn order to gain experience as a business broker, your best option is to apply to join an existing business brokerage firm. Taking a reduced commission is worth the amount of mentorship and training you will receive from working with experience brokers. It will also be easier to find leads if you are working for an established firm. Just make sure that the brokerage is willing to actually train you, rather than just handing you a list of contacts and expecting you to make a sale.\\n3-2. Join another type of office.\\nMany business brokers work together with those in other fields, joining their offices to handle business deals that may come through. For example, many brokers work with real estate agents, accountants, or bookkeepers and can handle any potential business sales that the others hear about when dealing with local businesses. Working in this type of environment can gain you easy referrals and also give the you the experience necessary to get your broker license.\\n3-3. Get licensed in your state.\\nIn 17 states, business brokers need to be licensed as real estate brokers. You will also need a real estate sales license if you are dealing with the sale of any real estate as part of your business brokering (in all states). Getting the sales license is simply a matter of going through required classes and passing the license examination. From here, you can gain more experience and then repeat the process to move up to a broker's license.\\nThe exact requirements for each level and the relevant coursework vary by state, so check with your state's department of real estate to see the current requirements.\\nYou will also likely be required to pass a background check before obtaining either license.\\n3-4. Become a certified broker.\\nExperienced and educated business brokers can increase their reputability by earning certifications in the field. Specifically, the American Business Brokers Association (ABBA) can bestow the Accredited Business Intermediary (ABI) designation to qualified brokers. Similarly, the International Business Brokers Association (IBBA) offers the Certified Business Intermediary (CBI) designation. Acquiring either of these require applying to the relevant organization and paying a fee.\\nCalifornia and Texas also have state-specific organizations that offer credential to their members.\\n3-5. Start your own practice.\\nYour other option for becoming a business broker is to start your own shop. If you're going to work as a sole practitioner, this can be very cost-effective, as you can work out of your home and avoid unnecessary expenses. However, working from home and working alone can make it difficult to get focused. In addition, you miss out on the mentorship and training available from existing brokerage firms.\\nRemember that you will need some operating capital to keep the lights on until you start closing deals.\\n4. Finding Success\\n4-1. Build up your relationships.\\nOdds are, you won't have much success when you first start out. Most of your cold calls will lead nowhere, your few leads may not materialize as actual deals, and it may seem like you're invisible to sellers. You'll be spending money on advertising, transportation, and paying your own way without earning a paycheck. However, in time you will begin to see deals come through if you work long and hard enough. All it takes is building up relationships and referrals to get the green light on a deal. Make sure you understand from the start that it may take up to six months before you actually see any brokering work.\\n4-2. Give each deal your all.\\nWhen you do finally get a brokering deal, focus all of your efforts on understanding every aspect of that business. Meet the employees, learn to use their equipment, dig deep into their books, and work to know their market and competitors better than they do. Make your client confident in your ability to successfully represent their business by showing a true concern and understanding for what they do. If you work hard enough, your efforts with return you a good sale price for the business, which in turn nets you a higher commission.\\n4-3. Respect your clients.\\nClients may have any number of issues with their businesses, from poor bookkeeping to disorganized operations. However, it is not your job to judge what they are doing wrong, but to prepare their business to be sold. To do so, you'll have to be respectful and courteous as you work to understand their business and organize their bookkeeping, for example, in such a way that potential buyers might better understand it.\\n4-4. Work towards becoming specialized.\\nAs in all lines work, specializing is a proven method for reputation building and earning referrals. Business brokers who specialize in a certain industry can create a reputation as an industry expert, and will turn into a \\\"go to\\\" for certain types of deals. Your specialty can be something like retail, restaurants, or technology businesses. This specialty can arise either from your previous experience or as a result of your completing a number of deals in this industry.\\nIf you are drawn to a particular segment of the industry or specialization, consider getting more training or education in it. This will make you more qualified to offer specialized services in that area.\\nWarnings\\nBefore committing to a business brokerage franchise or licensing arrangement (both of which can be expensive), investigate all options.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Business brokers, also called intermediaries, are professionals who help others buy or sell private businesses. They typically handle the entire process, from valuing the business to advertising it and then negotiating the right price with a buyer or seller. Becoming an effective business broker, however, requires a sound knowledge of every aspect of business valuation and operations. Brokers may also need to be certified with their state, depending on where they live. Use the following steps to become a business broker.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Deciding to Become a Business Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what a business broker does.\", \"描述\": \"A business broker is essentially a deal maker between the buyers and sellers of businesses. They generally represent the seller of a business, but can also represent buyers, both parties, or act as neutral intermediaries. Their goal is to make the selling process as easy and rewarding as possible for their client. Specifically, they handle every aspect of the sale, including:\\nFinding business owners trying to sell.\\nEstimating the fair market value of the business.\\nCreating a sale listing and advertise the sale.\\nIdentifying and investigate potential buyers.\\nNegotiating a purchase deal.\\nMaking sure that the buyer acquires proper funding.\\nOther duties are required to close a sale.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know what the job will require.\", \"描述\": \"Business brokers are required to have the skills of accountants, financial analysts, salesmen, and intermediaries, in addition to a specific business brokerage skill set. They have to identify and, in many cases, cold call business owners that they think might be wanting to sell. As a new business broker, you will need to build up relationships and handle many rejections before even making your first deal. There will be long hours and many repetitive tasks to handle before you make any progress. However, for those with the entrepreneurial spirit, being a business broker can be a rewarding career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look into the job market and compensation.\", \"描述\": \"Business broker compensation varies between brokers and depends on the type of deals that they make. Commissions earned on sales are usually 8 to 12 percent of the sale price, but may be more or less depending on the size of the business being sold. Business brokers can expect to make over $100,000 per year from completing even a small number of average-sized deals. However, larger sales bring in larger commissions. For example, a 10 percent commission on a $2 million sale could net you $200,000 on its own (before expenses).\\nThe market for business brokers depends on the state of the economy and how many business brokers already exist in the area. The total number of brokers operating in the country ranges from only 2,500 to 5,000. This leaves ample opportunity for new brokers to enter the market.\\nCurrently, there are about 1,850 businesses for every business brokerage.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be willing to budget your finances.\", \"描述\": \"While the income potential from business brokerage is significant, there is always the chance that market factors or simple bad luck can reduce your income for periods of time. Part of becoming a business broker, or holding any type of commission-based job, is accepting that you will have to save most of your money just in case you don't get paid for a while. That is, when you start making good money, don't immediately go out and spend it all on a new house, car, or other expensive items.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Setting Up for Success\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cultivate a business background.\", \"描述\": \"A business background is essential to success as a business broker, as the job requires understanding every aspect of another business well enough to sell or buy that business on behalf of a client. Your experience will also help convince a client that you know what you're doing. Perhaps the most useful experience would be owning or operating a small business yourself. This can help you understand the small business mindset and give you insight into how they function.\\nThose with corporate backgrounds, however, may have a greater understanding of larger businesses that can be useful in making larger deals.\\nYou don't need direct experience to become a business broker, particularly if you join a brokerage that provides training. However, you will still need a deep understanding of business operations and concepts to be successful.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work on personal attributes that are predictive of success as a business broker.\", \"描述\": \"To be successful, you will likely need a sales aptitude, an ability to be diplomatic in difficult situations, and a stick-to-it determination to work hard and independently on your own schedule without becoming lazy. You should develop a knack for cultivating relationships with potential buyers or sellers and quickly developing a deep understanding of their business and industry. This includes seeking out every possible lead to ensure that you don't miss any potential buyers. You will also need strong negotiation skills and the ability to keep the buyer or seller on track and confident in the deal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Investigate training options.\", \"描述\": \"There are several business broker training alternatives available for individuals who want to enter the profession. Try searching online for “Business Broker Training.” For example, the American Business Brokers Association offers two-day training programs across the country for aspiring brokers. If you choose a third-party option, make sure to look for reviews from previous students so that you know the training program is reputable. You should look for training programs that offer post-classroom support, preferably at no cost.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn the requisite skills.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of their background, most individuals will need some training specific to business brokerage. There are many skills that need to be learned through training, experience in other lines of work, or direct business brokerage experience. Just a few of these are:\\nHow to recast financial statements for discretionary cash flow?\\nHow to use the most appropriate business appraisal methodology?\\nHow to build a marketing package for each type of business?\\nHow to maintain strict confidentiality while marketing nationally?\\nHow to select the most appropriate advertising venues for marketing a business?\\nHow to conduct the initial buyer / seller meeting without raising animosity?\\nWhat are the do’s and don’ts of successful negotiations on price and terms?\\nHow to get the transaction to the closing table?\\nClosing the transaction with proper documentation and follow up?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Working as a Business Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to join an existing brokerage firm.\", \"描述\": \"In order to gain experience as a business broker, your best option is to apply to join an existing business brokerage firm. Taking a reduced commission is worth the amount of mentorship and training you will receive from working with experience brokers. It will also be easier to find leads if you are working for an established firm. Just make sure that the brokerage is willing to actually train you, rather than just handing you a list of contacts and expecting you to make a sale.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join another type of office.\", \"描述\": \"Many business brokers work together with those in other fields, joining their offices to handle business deals that may come through. For example, many brokers work with real estate agents, accountants, or bookkeepers and can handle any potential business sales that the others hear about when dealing with local businesses. Working in this type of environment can gain you easy referrals and also give the you the experience necessary to get your broker license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get licensed in your state.\", \"描述\": \"In 17 states, business brokers need to be licensed as real estate brokers. You will also need a real estate sales license if you are dealing with the sale of any real estate as part of your business brokering (in all states). Getting the sales license is simply a matter of going through required classes and passing the license examination. From here, you can gain more experience and then repeat the process to move up to a broker's license.\\nThe exact requirements for each level and the relevant coursework vary by state, so check with your state's department of real estate to see the current requirements.\\nYou will also likely be required to pass a background check before obtaining either license.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become a certified broker.\", \"描述\": \"Experienced and educated business brokers can increase their reputability by earning certifications in the field. Specifically, the American Business Brokers Association (ABBA) can bestow the Accredited Business Intermediary (ABI) designation to qualified brokers. Similarly, the International Business Brokers Association (IBBA) offers the Certified Business Intermediary (CBI) designation. Acquiring either of these require applying to the relevant organization and paying a fee.\\nCalifornia and Texas also have state-specific organizations that offer credential to their members.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start your own practice.\", \"描述\": \"Your other option for becoming a business broker is to start your own shop. If you're going to work as a sole practitioner, this can be very cost-effective, as you can work out of your home and avoid unnecessary expenses. However, working from home and working alone can make it difficult to get focused. In addition, you miss out on the mentorship and training available from existing brokerage firms.\\nRemember that you will need some operating capital to keep the lights on until you start closing deals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finding Success\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build up your relationships.\", \"描述\": \"Odds are, you won't have much success when you first start out. Most of your cold calls will lead nowhere, your few leads may not materialize as actual deals, and it may seem like you're invisible to sellers. You'll be spending money on advertising, transportation, and paying your own way without earning a paycheck. However, in time you will begin to see deals come through if you work long and hard enough. All it takes is building up relationships and referrals to get the green light on a deal. Make sure you understand from the start that it may take up to six months before you actually see any brokering work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Give each deal your all.\", \"描述\": \"When you do finally get a brokering deal, focus all of your efforts on understanding every aspect of that business. Meet the employees, learn to use their equipment, dig deep into their books, and work to know their market and competitors better than they do. Make your client confident in your ability to successfully represent their business by showing a true concern and understanding for what they do. If you work hard enough, your efforts with return you a good sale price for the business, which in turn nets you a higher commission.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Respect your clients.\", \"描述\": \"Clients may have any number of issues with their businesses, from poor bookkeeping to disorganized operations. However, it is not your job to judge what they are doing wrong, but to prepare their business to be sold. To do so, you'll have to be respectful and courteous as you work to understand their business and organize their bookkeeping, for example, in such a way that potential buyers might better understand it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work towards becoming specialized.\", \"描述\": \"As in all lines work, specializing is a proven method for reputation building and earning referrals. Business brokers who specialize in a certain industry can create a reputation as an industry expert, and will turn into a \\\"go to\\\" for certain types of deals. Your specialty can be something like retail, restaurants, or technology businesses. This specialty can arise either from your previous experience or as a result of your completing a number of deals in this industry.\\nIf you are drawn to a particular segment of the industry or specialization, consider getting more training or education in it. This will make you more qualified to offer specialized services in that area.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Before committing to a business brokerage franchise or licensing arrangement (both of which can be expensive), investigate all options.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,223 |
How to Become a Business Consultant
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1. Getting an Education
1-1. Start with high school.
While in high school, consider taking classes in business and business management if your high school offers them. You can also join clubs with other like-minded students to help gain experience.
One club related to your field is the Future Business Leaders of America, a nationwide club that likely has a chapter at your school. If it doesn't, you can start your own chapter. In fact, this organization has clubs that run from middle school to university level.
Take concurrent classes. If your school doesn't offer business classes, see if you can take concurrent classes at a local community college. Talk to your guidance counselor about concurrent classes.
1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.
If you're going to work as a business consultant, you'll at least need a bachelor's degree. While some companies may hire you without a degree, to build a solid business as an independent consultant, you'll need at least a bachelor's degree in business or business management.
While at university, find the local chapter of the Future Business Leaders of America. Joining your local chapter can help you gain experience and meet other people who want to go into your field.
Most management consulting firms today, excluding IT consultants, require an MBA for employment.
1-3. Decide on a specialty.
At some point, you'll need to decide what you would like to specialize in. What you specialize in is up to you, but it can determine what positions you get or what kind of business consulting you run.
Some specialties you might consider include sales, management, administration, and human resources. You might also look at IT systems, accounting, finance, projects, and organizational and corporate. Some people focus solely on marketing, as well.
To help determine your specialty, consider taking classes in the areas you're interested in. That way, you can see what you have a passion for.
1-4. Consider a master's degree (MBA).
While a MBA isn't strictly necessary, it can help you stand out in your field. A master's degree in business, business administration, or a related field is a good idea. Beyond helping you stand out, it will help you gain greater expertise so that you can be good at what you do.
If you're looking at a specialty, try to find a program that lets you specialize in that area. Many programs have a master's degrees in very specialized areas or ones that will let you focus on a more general degree.
1-5. Gain skills on the job.
After graduating school or between semesters, you should seek a consulting internship or work as a consultant trainee, as the field is highly restrictive at the top levels. Having experience with a well-known employer is often more important than your education or certifications. Work with your school's career development office to locate and apply for these positions.
Having this type of background is especially important if you plan to work for a major consulting firm that works with Fortune 500 companies.
2. Getting Certification
2-1. Find the appropriate certification.
In the business consultant field, the certification is based on your specialty. For instance, if you want to work with small businesses, you'll likely get your certification with the Association of Accredited Small Business Consultants. On the other hand, if you're going into the health field, you'll likely get your certification through the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants.
You can get a more general certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants offers a certification as a general business consultant.
2-2. Complete work experience requirements.
In some cases, you will need to have a certain amount of experience in the field before you can gain certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants requires that you have 3 years of experience before you can become certified.
2-3. Spend time training.
With most certifications, you will need to spend time reading or training. In some instances, you just take a review course before taking the exam. Often, this training or review is done at your own pace, as you work through materials and tutorials to learn the information.
2-4. Take an exam.
Most of the time, certification will require that you take an exam at the end of the course. In fact, the exam is often the primary focus of the certification process. Usually, you can take the exam online to gain your certification, but you may be required to visit a testing center for certification.
Often, the exam will take a good chunk of time, such as half a day or more, so you will need to set aside time to take it.
Both the course and the exam will cost a fee, set by the organization.
2-5. Complete the application.
With some certification, you will also need to fill out an application packet to become certified. Once you've met the basic requirements, you request the packet or fill it out online. Then you send it in to be reviewed by the organization.
Certification usually requires that you complete the course and take the exam in a certain amount of time. For instance, the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants wants you to finish the course and the exam within 90 days.
3. Developing the Right Skills
3-1. Work on your critical thinking and problem solving skills.
As a business consultant, you'll be called in to work on problems in the company, which means that you need to find creative solutions to hard problems. To be effective, you need to use critical thinking and problem solving regularly to solve problems.
Start by learning the basics of critical thinking. For instance, it's important to learn to ask questions and don't make assumptions about the problem. If one solution has always been seen as the only solution, ask why. Think about other ways you could approach the same problem.
Use evidence. When you're thinking critically and problem solving, you need to have data and evidence to make a decision. It's not about just pulling a decision out of thin air.
Spend time using your critical thinking skills in everyday life. For instance, when you're looking at a news story, take time to evaluate the source of the story. Look at the data. Are they skewing it to make a point?
3-2. Develop communication skills.
Communication skills are essential in almost any field, but they are especially important in a field where you are selling yourself all the time to businesses. One of the best ways you can improve your oral communication skills is to work in retail.
It's also important to to take communication classes in college, such as speech, debate, or business writing. They can help you develop your communication skills.
Make a point to work on your communication in everyday conversation. For instance, pay attention to how fast you're speaking and try to speak slowly. Also, make sure you are enunciating your words and speaking at an appropriate volume in any group you're in. If you're not sure what you sound like, consider recording yourself and listening to the recording.
It's also important to actively listen in any given communication. If you're listening, you can respond to what the person is actually saying, which makes the person feel important, a quality you want when you're trying to sell yourself or your business.
3-3. Be a leader.
Often in business consulting, you will be working on your own, even if you are a part of a larger consulting company. However, when you go into a business, you will need to be a leader, as that business will be looking to you to help improve the way it works.
One way you can improve your leadership skills is to run for leadership positions while you are in college and high school.
Go out for student council. Run for a leadership position in Future Business Leaders of America. These positions will help teach you leadership skills.
3-4. Work on your organizational skills.
When working as a business consultant, you'll likely need to manage more than one business at once. Because you're working on several businesses and multiple projects, you have to be extremely organized.
One way to be organized is to use the tools at your disposal. Email organization, online calendars, and other project management tools can be a big help.
Another way to work on organization is to develop your own systems, so that your files are organized in such a way that you can always find them.
3-5. Be able to work to a deadline.
Business consultants often must meet tight deadlines to cater to their clients' needs. Therefore, you must be able to work under stress and to deliver the work when you saying you're going to do so.
Going to college is actually fairly good preparation for working on a deadline, since you must manage several classes at once and turn in your work on time. However, when you get out in the world, your job will often depend on you making those deadlines.
3-6. Be prepared for long hours.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that about a third of management analysts, a subset of business consultants, works more than 40 hours a week. That means you'll need to be prepared to put in long hours, especially when you're first starting out.
This position will also usually require you to travel because most of the time, you won't just be working with businesses in your area. Because much of your work is done with the client at their place of business, you'll need to travel to where they are.
4. Working as a Consultant
4-1. Consider an internship.
An internship is a great way to gain experience, and you can even do one while in school. Many businesses, even consulting companies, offer internships to help people get their feet wet in the business.
Check with your school to see if they know of any internships in the area, as businesses often contact local schools.
You can also look for internships on traditional job search websites.
4-2. Build up your network.
Networking is critical to being a consultant. For one, it can help you get hired by a consulting company. However, it's also necessary to build up a network of people who own their own business or are high up in their company, as those are the people who are likely to hire you for consulting.
Attend local meet and greets in your area for young entrepreneurs. You should also attend meetings and social events held by your local chamber of commerce.
As you meet people, strike up conversations. When you find someone you click with, ask for their contact information. Be sure to follow up with them later.
For example, you can shoot them an email talking about your meeting, saying something like, "Hi Josh, It was great to meet you the other day at that networking event. I was glad to find another Sooner fan in the area. There aren't many of us! Call me if you want to have drinks sometime."
4-3. Find jobs in your area.
To get started in the field, look for entry-level jobs at business consulting firms in your area. You can use standard job search engines like Indeed, Jobs.com, Yahoo, or Monster.
You can also use job listings associated with any clubs or national organizations you belong to.
Don't forget to hunt down specific firms. Sometimes, they will list postings on their sites first.
4-4. Apply for appropriate positions.
Pick jobs that cover your specialties. You'll have an easier time selling your skills to the company if your skills are a perfect fit. However, you may need to take a position that's slightly out of your skill set when you're entering the field. For instance, some business or management consultants start out elsewhere in a company, such as working in human resources or working their way up into management positions.
Of course, part of the job interview process is showing how your skills are a perfect fit for the position.
One way to show how you're perfect is to tailor your resume and cover letter to the position you're applying for by highlighting your relevant skills and experience.
4-5. Open your own consulting business.
Another option is to go into business for yourself. As a small business owner, you could even work out of your home to get started, meeting with clients at their offices or at local coffee shops. You may want to be working somewhere else while you set up your business, as early on, you may not have much cash flow.
Before opening your own business, know that opening a consulting business before gaining actual experience can be difficult, since experience translates into credibility a client's mind. You may want to gain experience and a reputation first before going out on your own.
When setting up your business, consider all the things you do for someone else, such as writing a mission statement, creating a website, making a marketing plan, and creating a business plan.
Decide on the legal aspects of your business. You can open a limited liability business, where your business is partially separated from your personal finances when it comes to responsibilities for debt. A sole proprietorship is easier to set up, but you are personally responsible for any debt the company accrues.
Pay for the help you need. If you need legal advice about how to set up your business, hire a lawyer. If you don't understand business accounting, hire a CPA.
Don't forget to check your local laws to see what licenses you need to own your own consulting business.
4-6. Put in the hours.
As a young consultant, you'll need to put in extra hours to bring in clients, as well as to meet all the demands of a very demanding job. You'll be working in a high-stress situation where you must be able to solve problems very quickly and in a turnaround time that you and the client determine together. In addition, if you're working for yourself, you're going to be under more pressure since you can't ask for help from others in your company if you run into trouble.
Marketing and selling is not a paid activity; only consulting brings in revenue. You will need to estimate how many hours you will actually work (and be paid) in a year to establish your billing rate. Your billing rate must be competitive with other consultants that may have a higher ratio of work to marketing hours.
Be prepared for the fact that some clients will want to set unrealistic deadlines. If you're on you're own, you'll need to be realistic with the client, as telling them you can meet a deadline you can't isn't good for either of you.
If you're in a firm, ask about company policy for deadlines. It may be that the company will back you up if they have a policy in place about how short a deadline can be set.
4-7. Market yourself to organizations.
As a consultant, it will be your job to bring in clients, whether for your own business or for a lager consulting company. That means that you have to sell yourself and your skills to that business. Often, that's where your network comes in. You have to convince the people in your network that they need your help to act as a catalyst for their company or to fix problems that arise.
Another way you can sell yourself is to show you can save them money. That is, if they bring you in when needed, they don't need to hire a full-time analyst in their company. You might also be hired to help train employees and management in certain skills or figure out why sales aren't going up.
Make sure you are putting your name out there through a marketing plan. You should have a web presence, including a website with testimonials if possible.
It also doesn't hurt to cold call businesses. That is, visit businesses in the area and greet the people who work there, letting them know your services are available should they need them.
Tips
Working for yourself may be more difficult than you first realize. You must take on more roles, remain well-educated in your field, and work extremely hard to make your business succeed. Business consultants sometimes return to company employment in high-profile jobs.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education\\n1-1. Start with high school.\\nWhile in high school, consider taking classes in business and business management if your high school offers them. You can also join clubs with other like-minded students to help gain experience.\\nOne club related to your field is the Future Business Leaders of America, a nationwide club that likely has a chapter at your school. If it doesn't, you can start your own chapter. In fact, this organization has clubs that run from middle school to university level.\\nTake concurrent classes. If your school doesn't offer business classes, see if you can take concurrent classes at a local community college. Talk to your guidance counselor about concurrent classes.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.\\nIf you're going to work as a business consultant, you'll at least need a bachelor's degree. While some companies may hire you without a degree, to build a solid business as an independent consultant, you'll need at least a bachelor's degree in business or business management.\\nWhile at university, find the local chapter of the Future Business Leaders of America. Joining your local chapter can help you gain experience and meet other people who want to go into your field.\\nMost management consulting firms today, excluding IT consultants, require an MBA for employment.\\n1-3. Decide on a specialty.\\nAt some point, you'll need to decide what you would like to specialize in. What you specialize in is up to you, but it can determine what positions you get or what kind of business consulting you run. \\nSome specialties you might consider include sales, management, administration, and human resources. You might also look at IT systems, accounting, finance, projects, and organizational and corporate. Some people focus solely on marketing, as well.\\nTo help determine your specialty, consider taking classes in the areas you're interested in. That way, you can see what you have a passion for.\\n1-4. Consider a master's degree (MBA).\\nWhile a MBA isn't strictly necessary, it can help you stand out in your field. A master's degree in business, business administration, or a related field is a good idea. Beyond helping you stand out, it will help you gain greater expertise so that you can be good at what you do.\\nIf you're looking at a specialty, try to find a program that lets you specialize in that area. Many programs have a master's degrees in very specialized areas or ones that will let you focus on a more general degree.\\n1-5. Gain skills on the job.\\nAfter graduating school or between semesters, you should seek a consulting internship or work as a consultant trainee, as the field is highly restrictive at the top levels. Having experience with a well-known employer is often more important than your education or certifications. Work with your school's career development office to locate and apply for these positions.\\nHaving this type of background is especially important if you plan to work for a major consulting firm that works with Fortune 500 companies.\\n2. Getting Certification\\n2-1. Find the appropriate certification.\\nIn the business consultant field, the certification is based on your specialty. For instance, if you want to work with small businesses, you'll likely get your certification with the Association of Accredited Small Business Consultants. On the other hand, if you're going into the health field, you'll likely get your certification through the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants.\\nYou can get a more general certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants offers a certification as a general business consultant.\\n2-2. Complete work experience requirements.\\nIn some cases, you will need to have a certain amount of experience in the field before you can gain certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants requires that you have 3 years of experience before you can become certified.\\n2-3. Spend time training.\\nWith most certifications, you will need to spend time reading or training. In some instances, you just take a review course before taking the exam. Often, this training or review is done at your own pace, as you work through materials and tutorials to learn the information.\\n2-4. Take an exam.\\nMost of the time, certification will require that you take an exam at the end of the course. In fact, the exam is often the primary focus of the certification process. Usually, you can take the exam online to gain your certification, but you may be required to visit a testing center for certification. \\nOften, the exam will take a good chunk of time, such as half a day or more, so you will need to set aside time to take it.\\nBoth the course and the exam will cost a fee, set by the organization.\\n2-5. Complete the application.\\nWith some certification, you will also need to fill out an application packet to become certified. Once you've met the basic requirements, you request the packet or fill it out online. Then you send it in to be reviewed by the organization.\\nCertification usually requires that you complete the course and take the exam in a certain amount of time. For instance, the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants wants you to finish the course and the exam within 90 days.\\n3. Developing the Right Skills\\n3-1. Work on your critical thinking and problem solving skills.\\nAs a business consultant, you'll be called in to work on problems in the company, which means that you need to find creative solutions to hard problems. To be effective, you need to use critical thinking and problem solving regularly to solve problems.\\nStart by learning the basics of critical thinking. For instance, it's important to learn to ask questions and don't make assumptions about the problem. If one solution has always been seen as the only solution, ask why. Think about other ways you could approach the same problem.\\nUse evidence. When you're thinking critically and problem solving, you need to have data and evidence to make a decision. It's not about just pulling a decision out of thin air.\\nSpend time using your critical thinking skills in everyday life. For instance, when you're looking at a news story, take time to evaluate the source of the story. Look at the data. Are they skewing it to make a point?\\n3-2. Develop communication skills.\\nCommunication skills are essential in almost any field, but they are especially important in a field where you are selling yourself all the time to businesses. One of the best ways you can improve your oral communication skills is to work in retail.\\nIt's also important to to take communication classes in college, such as speech, debate, or business writing. They can help you develop your communication skills.\\nMake a point to work on your communication in everyday conversation. For instance, pay attention to how fast you're speaking and try to speak slowly. Also, make sure you are enunciating your words and speaking at an appropriate volume in any group you're in. If you're not sure what you sound like, consider recording yourself and listening to the recording.\\nIt's also important to actively listen in any given communication. If you're listening, you can respond to what the person is actually saying, which makes the person feel important, a quality you want when you're trying to sell yourself or your business.\\n3-3. Be a leader.\\nOften in business consulting, you will be working on your own, even if you are a part of a larger consulting company. However, when you go into a business, you will need to be a leader, as that business will be looking to you to help improve the way it works.\\nOne way you can improve your leadership skills is to run for leadership positions while you are in college and high school.\\nGo out for student council. Run for a leadership position in Future Business Leaders of America. These positions will help teach you leadership skills.\\n3-4. Work on your organizational skills.\\nWhen working as a business consultant, you'll likely need to manage more than one business at once. Because you're working on several businesses and multiple projects, you have to be extremely organized.\\nOne way to be organized is to use the tools at your disposal. Email organization, online calendars, and other project management tools can be a big help.\\nAnother way to work on organization is to develop your own systems, so that your files are organized in such a way that you can always find them.\\n3-5. Be able to work to a deadline.\\nBusiness consultants often must meet tight deadlines to cater to their clients' needs. Therefore, you must be able to work under stress and to deliver the work when you saying you're going to do so.\\nGoing to college is actually fairly good preparation for working on a deadline, since you must manage several classes at once and turn in your work on time. However, when you get out in the world, your job will often depend on you making those deadlines.\\n3-6. Be prepared for long hours.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that about a third of management analysts, a subset of business consultants, works more than 40 hours a week. That means you'll need to be prepared to put in long hours, especially when you're first starting out.\\nThis position will also usually require you to travel because most of the time, you won't just be working with businesses in your area. Because much of your work is done with the client at their place of business, you'll need to travel to where they are.\\n4. Working as a Consultant\\n4-1. Consider an internship.\\nAn internship is a great way to gain experience, and you can even do one while in school. Many businesses, even consulting companies, offer internships to help people get their feet wet in the business.\\nCheck with your school to see if they know of any internships in the area, as businesses often contact local schools.\\nYou can also look for internships on traditional job search websites.\\n4-2. Build up your network.\\nNetworking is critical to being a consultant. For one, it can help you get hired by a consulting company. However, it's also necessary to build up a network of people who own their own business or are high up in their company, as those are the people who are likely to hire you for consulting.\\nAttend local meet and greets in your area for young entrepreneurs. You should also attend meetings and social events held by your local chamber of commerce.\\nAs you meet people, strike up conversations. When you find someone you click with, ask for their contact information. Be sure to follow up with them later.\\nFor example, you can shoot them an email talking about your meeting, saying something like, \\\"Hi Josh, It was great to meet you the other day at that networking event. I was glad to find another Sooner fan in the area. There aren't many of us! Call me if you want to have drinks sometime.\\\"\\n4-3. Find jobs in your area.\\nTo get started in the field, look for entry-level jobs at business consulting firms in your area. You can use standard job search engines like Indeed, Jobs.com, Yahoo, or Monster.\\nYou can also use job listings associated with any clubs or national organizations you belong to.\\nDon't forget to hunt down specific firms. Sometimes, they will list postings on their sites first.\\n4-4. Apply for appropriate positions.\\nPick jobs that cover your specialties. You'll have an easier time selling your skills to the company if your skills are a perfect fit. However, you may need to take a position that's slightly out of your skill set when you're entering the field. For instance, some business or management consultants start out elsewhere in a company, such as working in human resources or working their way up into management positions.\\nOf course, part of the job interview process is showing how your skills are a perfect fit for the position.\\nOne way to show how you're perfect is to tailor your resume and cover letter to the position you're applying for by highlighting your relevant skills and experience.\\n4-5. Open your own consulting business.\\nAnother option is to go into business for yourself. As a small business owner, you could even work out of your home to get started, meeting with clients at their offices or at local coffee shops. You may want to be working somewhere else while you set up your business, as early on, you may not have much cash flow.\\nBefore opening your own business, know that opening a consulting business before gaining actual experience can be difficult, since experience translates into credibility a client's mind. You may want to gain experience and a reputation first before going out on your own.\\nWhen setting up your business, consider all the things you do for someone else, such as writing a mission statement, creating a website, making a marketing plan, and creating a business plan.\\nDecide on the legal aspects of your business. You can open a limited liability business, where your business is partially separated from your personal finances when it comes to responsibilities for debt. A sole proprietorship is easier to set up, but you are personally responsible for any debt the company accrues.\\nPay for the help you need. If you need legal advice about how to set up your business, hire a lawyer. If you don't understand business accounting, hire a CPA.\\nDon't forget to check your local laws to see what licenses you need to own your own consulting business.\\n4-6. Put in the hours.\\nAs a young consultant, you'll need to put in extra hours to bring in clients, as well as to meet all the demands of a very demanding job. You'll be working in a high-stress situation where you must be able to solve problems very quickly and in a turnaround time that you and the client determine together. In addition, if you're working for yourself, you're going to be under more pressure since you can't ask for help from others in your company if you run into trouble.\\nMarketing and selling is not a paid activity; only consulting brings in revenue. You will need to estimate how many hours you will actually work (and be paid) in a year to establish your billing rate. Your billing rate must be competitive with other consultants that may have a higher ratio of work to marketing hours.\\nBe prepared for the fact that some clients will want to set unrealistic deadlines. If you're on you're own, you'll need to be realistic with the client, as telling them you can meet a deadline you can't isn't good for either of you.\\nIf you're in a firm, ask about company policy for deadlines. It may be that the company will back you up if they have a policy in place about how short a deadline can be set.\\n4-7. Market yourself to organizations.\\nAs a consultant, it will be your job to bring in clients, whether for your own business or for a lager consulting company. That means that you have to sell yourself and your skills to that business. Often, that's where your network comes in. You have to convince the people in your network that they need your help to act as a catalyst for their company or to fix problems that arise.\\nAnother way you can sell yourself is to show you can save them money. That is, if they bring you in when needed, they don't need to hire a full-time analyst in their company. You might also be hired to help train employees and management in certain skills or figure out why sales aren't going up.\\nMake sure you are putting your name out there through a marketing plan. You should have a web presence, including a website with testimonials if possible.\\nIt also doesn't hurt to cold call businesses. That is, visit businesses in the area and greet the people who work there, letting them know your services are available should they need them.\\nTips\\nWorking for yourself may be more difficult than you first realize. You must take on more roles, remain well-educated in your field, and work extremely hard to make your business succeed. Business consultants sometimes return to company employment in high-profile jobs.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A business consultant develops strategies to help businesses restructure, improve marketing, and become more profitable. In order to become a business consultant, you'll need to to obtain a degree and obtain certain experiences and skills along the way. In this article, we'll walk you through how to get the education, certifications, and skill set you need to follow this rewarding career path.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with high school.\", \"描述\": \"While in high school, consider taking classes in business and business management if your high school offers them. You can also join clubs with other like-minded students to help gain experience.\\nOne club related to your field is the Future Business Leaders of America, a nationwide club that likely has a chapter at your school. If it doesn't, you can start your own chapter. In fact, this organization has clubs that run from middle school to university level.\\nTake concurrent classes. If your school doesn't offer business classes, see if you can take concurrent classes at a local community college. Talk to your guidance counselor about concurrent classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"If you're going to work as a business consultant, you'll at least need a bachelor's degree. While some companies may hire you without a degree, to build a solid business as an independent consultant, you'll need at least a bachelor's degree in business or business management.\\nWhile at university, find the local chapter of the Future Business Leaders of America. Joining your local chapter can help you gain experience and meet other people who want to go into your field.\\nMost management consulting firms today, excluding IT consultants, require an MBA for employment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide on a specialty.\", \"描述\": \"At some point, you'll need to decide what you would like to specialize in. What you specialize in is up to you, but it can determine what positions you get or what kind of business consulting you run. \\nSome specialties you might consider include sales, management, administration, and human resources. You might also look at IT systems, accounting, finance, projects, and organizational and corporate. Some people focus solely on marketing, as well.\\nTo help determine your specialty, consider taking classes in the areas you're interested in. That way, you can see what you have a passion for.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider a master's degree (MBA).\", \"描述\": \"While a MBA isn't strictly necessary, it can help you stand out in your field. A master's degree in business, business administration, or a related field is a good idea. Beyond helping you stand out, it will help you gain greater expertise so that you can be good at what you do.\\nIf you're looking at a specialty, try to find a program that lets you specialize in that area. Many programs have a master's degrees in very specialized areas or ones that will let you focus on a more general degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Gain skills on the job.\", \"描述\": \"After graduating school or between semesters, you should seek a consulting internship or work as a consultant trainee, as the field is highly restrictive at the top levels. Having experience with a well-known employer is often more important than your education or certifications. Work with your school's career development office to locate and apply for these positions.\\nHaving this type of background is especially important if you plan to work for a major consulting firm that works with Fortune 500 companies.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find the appropriate certification.\", \"描述\": \"In the business consultant field, the certification is based on your specialty. For instance, if you want to work with small businesses, you'll likely get your certification with the Association of Accredited Small Business Consultants. On the other hand, if you're going into the health field, you'll likely get your certification through the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants.\\nYou can get a more general certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants offers a certification as a general business consultant.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete work experience requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, you will need to have a certain amount of experience in the field before you can gain certification. For instance, the Institute of Certified Business Consultants requires that you have 3 years of experience before you can become certified.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spend time training.\", \"描述\": \"With most certifications, you will need to spend time reading or training. In some instances, you just take a review course before taking the exam. Often, this training or review is done at your own pace, as you work through materials and tutorials to learn the information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take an exam.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the time, certification will require that you take an exam at the end of the course. In fact, the exam is often the primary focus of the certification process. Usually, you can take the exam online to gain your certification, but you may be required to visit a testing center for certification. \\nOften, the exam will take a good chunk of time, such as half a day or more, so you will need to set aside time to take it.\\nBoth the course and the exam will cost a fee, set by the organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete the application.\", \"描述\": \"With some certification, you will also need to fill out an application packet to become certified. Once you've met the basic requirements, you request the packet or fill it out online. Then you send it in to be reviewed by the organization.\\nCertification usually requires that you complete the course and take the exam in a certain amount of time. For instance, the National Society of Certified Healthcare Business Consultants wants you to finish the course and the exam within 90 days.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Developing the Right Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on your critical thinking and problem solving skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a business consultant, you'll be called in to work on problems in the company, which means that you need to find creative solutions to hard problems. To be effective, you need to use critical thinking and problem solving regularly to solve problems.\\nStart by learning the basics of critical thinking. For instance, it's important to learn to ask questions and don't make assumptions about the problem. If one solution has always been seen as the only solution, ask why. Think about other ways you could approach the same problem.\\nUse evidence. When you're thinking critically and problem solving, you need to have data and evidence to make a decision. It's not about just pulling a decision out of thin air.\\nSpend time using your critical thinking skills in everyday life. For instance, when you're looking at a news story, take time to evaluate the source of the story. Look at the data. Are they skewing it to make a point?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Communication skills are essential in almost any field, but they are especially important in a field where you are selling yourself all the time to businesses. One of the best ways you can improve your oral communication skills is to work in retail.\\nIt's also important to to take communication classes in college, such as speech, debate, or business writing. They can help you develop your communication skills.\\nMake a point to work on your communication in everyday conversation. For instance, pay attention to how fast you're speaking and try to speak slowly. Also, make sure you are enunciating your words and speaking at an appropriate volume in any group you're in. If you're not sure what you sound like, consider recording yourself and listening to the recording.\\nIt's also important to actively listen in any given communication. If you're listening, you can respond to what the person is actually saying, which makes the person feel important, a quality you want when you're trying to sell yourself or your business.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be a leader.\", \"描述\": \"Often in business consulting, you will be working on your own, even if you are a part of a larger consulting company. However, when you go into a business, you will need to be a leader, as that business will be looking to you to help improve the way it works.\\nOne way you can improve your leadership skills is to run for leadership positions while you are in college and high school.\\nGo out for student council. Run for a leadership position in Future Business Leaders of America. These positions will help teach you leadership skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work on your organizational skills.\", \"描述\": \"When working as a business consultant, you'll likely need to manage more than one business at once. Because you're working on several businesses and multiple projects, you have to be extremely organized.\\nOne way to be organized is to use the tools at your disposal. Email organization, online calendars, and other project management tools can be a big help.\\nAnother way to work on organization is to develop your own systems, so that your files are organized in such a way that you can always find them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be able to work to a deadline.\", \"描述\": \"Business consultants often must meet tight deadlines to cater to their clients' needs. Therefore, you must be able to work under stress and to deliver the work when you saying you're going to do so.\\nGoing to college is actually fairly good preparation for working on a deadline, since you must manage several classes at once and turn in your work on time. However, when you get out in the world, your job will often depend on you making those deadlines.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for long hours.\", \"描述\": \"The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that about a third of management analysts, a subset of business consultants, works more than 40 hours a week. That means you'll need to be prepared to put in long hours, especially when you're first starting out.\\nThis position will also usually require you to travel because most of the time, you won't just be working with businesses in your area. Because much of your work is done with the client at their place of business, you'll need to travel to where they are.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Working as a Consultant\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider an internship.\", \"描述\": \"An internship is a great way to gain experience, and you can even do one while in school. Many businesses, even consulting companies, offer internships to help people get their feet wet in the business.\\nCheck with your school to see if they know of any internships in the area, as businesses often contact local schools.\\nYou can also look for internships on traditional job search websites.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build up your network.\", \"描述\": \"Networking is critical to being a consultant. For one, it can help you get hired by a consulting company. However, it's also necessary to build up a network of people who own their own business or are high up in their company, as those are the people who are likely to hire you for consulting.\\nAttend local meet and greets in your area for young entrepreneurs. You should also attend meetings and social events held by your local chamber of commerce.\\nAs you meet people, strike up conversations. When you find someone you click with, ask for their contact information. Be sure to follow up with them later.\\nFor example, you can shoot them an email talking about your meeting, saying something like, \\\"Hi Josh, It was great to meet you the other day at that networking event. I was glad to find another Sooner fan in the area. There aren't many of us! Call me if you want to have drinks sometime.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find jobs in your area.\", \"描述\": \"To get started in the field, look for entry-level jobs at business consulting firms in your area. You can use standard job search engines like Indeed, Jobs.com, Yahoo, or Monster.\\nYou can also use job listings associated with any clubs or national organizations you belong to.\\nDon't forget to hunt down specific firms. Sometimes, they will list postings on their sites first.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for appropriate positions.\", \"描述\": \"Pick jobs that cover your specialties. You'll have an easier time selling your skills to the company if your skills are a perfect fit. However, you may need to take a position that's slightly out of your skill set when you're entering the field. For instance, some business or management consultants start out elsewhere in a company, such as working in human resources or working their way up into management positions.\\nOf course, part of the job interview process is showing how your skills are a perfect fit for the position.\\nOne way to show how you're perfect is to tailor your resume and cover letter to the position you're applying for by highlighting your relevant skills and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Open your own consulting business.\", \"描述\": \"Another option is to go into business for yourself. As a small business owner, you could even work out of your home to get started, meeting with clients at their offices or at local coffee shops. You may want to be working somewhere else while you set up your business, as early on, you may not have much cash flow.\\nBefore opening your own business, know that opening a consulting business before gaining actual experience can be difficult, since experience translates into credibility a client's mind. You may want to gain experience and a reputation first before going out on your own.\\nWhen setting up your business, consider all the things you do for someone else, such as writing a mission statement, creating a website, making a marketing plan, and creating a business plan.\\nDecide on the legal aspects of your business. You can open a limited liability business, where your business is partially separated from your personal finances when it comes to responsibilities for debt. A sole proprietorship is easier to set up, but you are personally responsible for any debt the company accrues.\\nPay for the help you need. If you need legal advice about how to set up your business, hire a lawyer. If you don't understand business accounting, hire a CPA.\\nDon't forget to check your local laws to see what licenses you need to own your own consulting business.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Put in the hours.\", \"描述\": \"As a young consultant, you'll need to put in extra hours to bring in clients, as well as to meet all the demands of a very demanding job. You'll be working in a high-stress situation where you must be able to solve problems very quickly and in a turnaround time that you and the client determine together. In addition, if you're working for yourself, you're going to be under more pressure since you can't ask for help from others in your company if you run into trouble.\\nMarketing and selling is not a paid activity; only consulting brings in revenue. You will need to estimate how many hours you will actually work (and be paid) in a year to establish your billing rate. Your billing rate must be competitive with other consultants that may have a higher ratio of work to marketing hours.\\nBe prepared for the fact that some clients will want to set unrealistic deadlines. If you're on you're own, you'll need to be realistic with the client, as telling them you can meet a deadline you can't isn't good for either of you.\\nIf you're in a firm, ask about company policy for deadlines. It may be that the company will back you up if they have a policy in place about how short a deadline can be set.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Market yourself to organizations.\", \"描述\": \"As a consultant, it will be your job to bring in clients, whether for your own business or for a lager consulting company. That means that you have to sell yourself and your skills to that business. Often, that's where your network comes in. You have to convince the people in your network that they need your help to act as a catalyst for their company or to fix problems that arise.\\nAnother way you can sell yourself is to show you can save them money. That is, if they bring you in when needed, they don't need to hire a full-time analyst in their company. You might also be hired to help train employees and management in certain skills or figure out why sales aren't going up.\\nMake sure you are putting your name out there through a marketing plan. You should have a web presence, including a website with testimonials if possible.\\nIt also doesn't hurt to cold call businesses. That is, visit businesses in the area and greet the people who work there, letting them know your services are available should they need them.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Working for yourself may be more difficult than you first realize. You must take on more roles, remain well-educated in your field, and work extremely hard to make your business succeed. Business consultants sometimes return to company employment in high-profile jobs.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,224 |
How to Become a Business Development Manager
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1. Learning More About the Job
1-1. Look into typical work schedules.
A business development manager is a high-ranking executive who has to work long hours and travel often. They are responsible for networking and visiting clients to make them feel valued. Though that may not sound like a drawback to you right now, remember that the entire process of becoming a business development manager takes years. How do you picture your home life in 10 to 15 years? If you want to be settled down, think twice before going down this road.
1-2. Reflect on your interpersonal skills.
Business development managers need excellent people skills to keep regular contact with potential and existing clients. This type of work requires strong public relations and presentation skills. You also need to be able to convince them your company knows what it’s doing. If people around you enjoy your presence and value your input, you may have the right personality for the job.
Job functions as a business development manager can include overseeing the work of fellow employees. A typical workday may entail some level of human resource duties such as conducting training sessions and workshops.
The job demands strong organizational skills and analytical abilities in addition to leadership skills. The field requires extensive knowledge and familiarity in how business operations work and to be able to understand, analyze and develop business strategies when working with clients.
1-3. Figure out which sector you want to work in.
All large corporations have business development managers, so you have the opportunity to work in a variety of industries. Do a search on a job listings website for “Business Development Manager” and see what comes up. This will give you an idea of the industries that hire one, or even a team of business development managers. While you’re there, see what the typical minimum and preferred qualifications are so you can start gearing your resume toward the job now.
1-4. Think about the required education.
For an entry-level job, you need a bachelor’s degree and at least 5 years’ experience in the industry.
2. Getting the Credentials
2-1. Take courses in business and management.
After high school, you need to take business courses, preferably at a four year university. Your academic advisers will be able to give you advice for being a competitive business graduate specific the job market in your area. Begin considering the MBA or another higher degree sooner rather than later. You don’t need to get the MBA straight out of undergraduate, however. Since you will need several years’ experience in business, it is not a bad idea to get that out of the way and pay back some school loans.
Since you are now rubbing shoulders with current and future business leaders, make connections and be on friendly terms with people you meet. You don’t know how you will be able to help each other down the road.
2-2. Do an internship while in school.
At some point in the final years of your undergraduate degree, you should do an internship. This can easily be completed over a summer break, but many are also offered during each semester. This will give you an insight into the everyday workings of an actual business. It will also develop important contacts that will help you when you are applying for jobs and boost your resume.
2-3. Develop a specialization.
You should have an area of industry you want to work in, but you also need to specialize in an area of business to get an entry level job. A good route to go for becoming a business development manager is human resources management and teaching. These will give you the tool kit for becoming a good manager later on.
2-4. Register with a professional association.
There are numerous business development manager professional associations. Since there are so many, find out which ones are more prominent to have an opportunity to network with more people. These are also a great source of the latest business training techniques and other resources.
3. Moving Up the Career Ladder
3-1. Look for internships and part-time jobs.
Unfortunately, 'entry level' jobs are no longer for people without experience. You need to get some experience as a full-time employee under your belt before you’re ready to apply for business development manager positions. Seek out limited, part-time positions, internships, and apprenticeships first.
3-2. Apply for entry-level jobs.
After getting a few real world applications of your degree on your resume, you should be ready for a full-time job. These can be found on job websites. You should also apply with any companies you with which you've interned in the past. You already have a relationship with them - just make sure it's a good one!
3-3. Look around for promotion opportunities.
Since it is less common and expected to spend your entire career in one company in the 21st century, moving up the ladder may mean getting on a different one. Use the connections you have made a long the way to look around for job opportunities along the way. But don't jump ship a few months after getting that first job. Establish some longevity to demonstrate your loyalty to businesses you want to apply to work for one day.
3-4. Practice your presentation in job interviews.
The business world likes its applicants to mirror formality and give flashy presentation in interviews. It's time to break out your suit, even if you are unsure if that will be everyday attire in the job. For more tips on acing a business job interview see this guide.
Always do your homework before a job interview. Turn off your phone, find a quiet space, and set aside plenty of time to research the organization, interviewer, role, and anything else about the job that you aren't well-versed in. Think of the interview experience as an upcoming presentation—until you feel completely ready to give a talk on a topic, you aren't prepared enough.
4. Mastering the Basics
4-1. Work on the basic skills.
Some companies employ multiple business development managers. At that point, each individual may not perform all areas typically assigned to someone in position. However, the basics apply to everyone in the early stages of their career. You won’t get to the point where you only need to worry about, say, client satisfaction if you weren’t capable of doing it all.
4-2. Get used to developing strategies.
This refers to determining which opportunities for expansion you should pursue and how you should do so. Potential clients may fall into your lap, but if your company is not prepared to handle their business, it will be detrimental to you. On the other hand, if there is an ideal company for you to do business with that is not necessarily looking for partnership, you may have to strategize a way to entice them.
4-3. Practicing your sales skills.
This aspect of business never goes away. You will always be looking at businesses to see what they are lacking, and try to sell to them. Your numbers will speak for themselves, making it easier for you to get promoted.
4-4. Practice interpersonal skills and maintaining business relationships.
More important than gaining new business is keeping the old. Though it is normal for business to go out the door on a regular basis, you should do everything you can to make your clients feel important. Go see them in person and take them to dinner. Make sure they are up-to-speed on all the latest developments at your company.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning More About the Job\\n1-1. Look into typical work schedules.\\nA business development manager is a high-ranking executive who has to work long hours and travel often. They are responsible for networking and visiting clients to make them feel valued. Though that may not sound like a drawback to you right now, remember that the entire process of becoming a business development manager takes years. How do you picture your home life in 10 to 15 years? If you want to be settled down, think twice before going down this road.\\n1-2. Reflect on your interpersonal skills.\\nBusiness development managers need excellent people skills to keep regular contact with potential and existing clients. This type of work requires strong public relations and presentation skills. You also need to be able to convince them your company knows what it’s doing. If people around you enjoy your presence and value your input, you may have the right personality for the job.\\nJob functions as a business development manager can include overseeing the work of fellow employees. A typical workday may entail some level of human resource duties such as conducting training sessions and workshops.\\nThe job demands strong organizational skills and analytical abilities in addition to leadership skills. The field requires extensive knowledge and familiarity in how business operations work and to be able to understand, analyze and develop business strategies when working with clients.\\n1-3. Figure out which sector you want to work in.\\nAll large corporations have business development managers, so you have the opportunity to work in a variety of industries. Do a search on a job listings website for “Business Development Manager” and see what comes up. This will give you an idea of the industries that hire one, or even a team of business development managers. While you’re there, see what the typical minimum and preferred qualifications are so you can start gearing your resume toward the job now.\\n1-4. Think about the required education.\\nFor an entry-level job, you need a bachelor’s degree and at least 5 years’ experience in the industry.\\n2. Getting the Credentials\\n2-1. Take courses in business and management.\\nAfter high school, you need to take business courses, preferably at a four year university. Your academic advisers will be able to give you advice for being a competitive business graduate specific the job market in your area. Begin considering the MBA or another higher degree sooner rather than later. You don’t need to get the MBA straight out of undergraduate, however. Since you will need several years’ experience in business, it is not a bad idea to get that out of the way and pay back some school loans.\\nSince you are now rubbing shoulders with current and future business leaders, make connections and be on friendly terms with people you meet. You don’t know how you will be able to help each other down the road.\\n2-2. Do an internship while in school.\\nAt some point in the final years of your undergraduate degree, you should do an internship. This can easily be completed over a summer break, but many are also offered during each semester. This will give you an insight into the everyday workings of an actual business. It will also develop important contacts that will help you when you are applying for jobs and boost your resume.\\n2-3. Develop a specialization.\\nYou should have an area of industry you want to work in, but you also need to specialize in an area of business to get an entry level job. A good route to go for becoming a business development manager is human resources management and teaching. These will give you the tool kit for becoming a good manager later on.\\n2-4. Register with a professional association.\\nThere are numerous business development manager professional associations. Since there are so many, find out which ones are more prominent to have an opportunity to network with more people. These are also a great source of the latest business training techniques and other resources.\\n3. Moving Up the Career Ladder\\n3-1. Look for internships and part-time jobs.\\nUnfortunately, 'entry level' jobs are no longer for people without experience. You need to get some experience as a full-time employee under your belt before you’re ready to apply for business development manager positions. Seek out limited, part-time positions, internships, and apprenticeships first.\\n3-2. Apply for entry-level jobs.\\nAfter getting a few real world applications of your degree on your resume, you should be ready for a full-time job. These can be found on job websites. You should also apply with any companies you with which you've interned in the past. You already have a relationship with them - just make sure it's a good one!\\n3-3. Look around for promotion opportunities.\\nSince it is less common and expected to spend your entire career in one company in the 21st century, moving up the ladder may mean getting on a different one. Use the connections you have made a long the way to look around for job opportunities along the way. But don't jump ship a few months after getting that first job. Establish some longevity to demonstrate your loyalty to businesses you want to apply to work for one day.\\n3-4. Practice your presentation in job interviews.\\nThe business world likes its applicants to mirror formality and give flashy presentation in interviews. It's time to break out your suit, even if you are unsure if that will be everyday attire in the job. For more tips on acing a business job interview see this guide.\\nAlways do your homework before a job interview. Turn off your phone, find a quiet space, and set aside plenty of time to research the organization, interviewer, role, and anything else about the job that you aren't well-versed in. Think of the interview experience as an upcoming presentation—until you feel completely ready to give a talk on a topic, you aren't prepared enough.\\n4. Mastering the Basics\\n4-1. Work on the basic skills.\\nSome companies employ multiple business development managers. At that point, each individual may not perform all areas typically assigned to someone in position. However, the basics apply to everyone in the early stages of their career. You won’t get to the point where you only need to worry about, say, client satisfaction if you weren’t capable of doing it all.\\n4-2. Get used to developing strategies.\\nThis refers to determining which opportunities for expansion you should pursue and how you should do so. Potential clients may fall into your lap, but if your company is not prepared to handle their business, it will be detrimental to you. On the other hand, if there is an ideal company for you to do business with that is not necessarily looking for partnership, you may have to strategize a way to entice them.\\n4-3. Practicing your sales skills.\\nThis aspect of business never goes away. You will always be looking at businesses to see what they are lacking, and try to sell to them. Your numbers will speak for themselves, making it easier for you to get promoted.\\n4-4. Practice interpersonal skills and maintaining business relationships.\\nMore important than gaining new business is keeping the old. Though it is normal for business to go out the door on a regular basis, you should do everything you can to make your clients feel important. Go see them in person and take them to dinner. Make sure they are up-to-speed on all the latest developments at your company.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Business development managers are responsible, in the shortest terms, for the expansion of the company they represent. This may involve seeking out new business, keeping existing clients happy, or increasing your company’s dealings with them. It is a high-profile and competitive job that attracts applicants from all business backgrounds. You will need a collection of education and experience before you can realistically apply for these jobs.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning More About the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look into typical work schedules.\", \"描述\": \"A business development manager is a high-ranking executive who has to work long hours and travel often. They are responsible for networking and visiting clients to make them feel valued. Though that may not sound like a drawback to you right now, remember that the entire process of becoming a business development manager takes years. How do you picture your home life in 10 to 15 years? If you want to be settled down, think twice before going down this road.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Reflect on your interpersonal skills.\", \"描述\": \"Business development managers need excellent people skills to keep regular contact with potential and existing clients. This type of work requires strong public relations and presentation skills. You also need to be able to convince them your company knows what it’s doing. If people around you enjoy your presence and value your input, you may have the right personality for the job.\\nJob functions as a business development manager can include overseeing the work of fellow employees. A typical workday may entail some level of human resource duties such as conducting training sessions and workshops.\\nThe job demands strong organizational skills and analytical abilities in addition to leadership skills. The field requires extensive knowledge and familiarity in how business operations work and to be able to understand, analyze and develop business strategies when working with clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Figure out which sector you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"All large corporations have business development managers, so you have the opportunity to work in a variety of industries. Do a search on a job listings website for “Business Development Manager” and see what comes up. This will give you an idea of the industries that hire one, or even a team of business development managers. While you’re there, see what the typical minimum and preferred qualifications are so you can start gearing your resume toward the job now.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about the required education.\", \"描述\": \"For an entry-level job, you need a bachelor’s degree and at least 5 years’ experience in the industry.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take courses in business and management.\", \"描述\": \"After high school, you need to take business courses, preferably at a four year university. Your academic advisers will be able to give you advice for being a competitive business graduate specific the job market in your area. Begin considering the MBA or another higher degree sooner rather than later. You don’t need to get the MBA straight out of undergraduate, however. Since you will need several years’ experience in business, it is not a bad idea to get that out of the way and pay back some school loans.\\nSince you are now rubbing shoulders with current and future business leaders, make connections and be on friendly terms with people you meet. You don’t know how you will be able to help each other down the road.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do an internship while in school.\", \"描述\": \"At some point in the final years of your undergraduate degree, you should do an internship. This can easily be completed over a summer break, but many are also offered during each semester. This will give you an insight into the everyday workings of an actual business. It will also develop important contacts that will help you when you are applying for jobs and boost your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop a specialization.\", \"描述\": \"You should have an area of industry you want to work in, but you also need to specialize in an area of business to get an entry level job. A good route to go for becoming a business development manager is human resources management and teaching. These will give you the tool kit for becoming a good manager later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Register with a professional association.\", \"描述\": \"There are numerous business development manager professional associations. Since there are so many, find out which ones are more prominent to have an opportunity to network with more people. These are also a great source of the latest business training techniques and other resources.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Moving Up the Career Ladder\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for internships and part-time jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, 'entry level' jobs are no longer for people without experience. You need to get some experience as a full-time employee under your belt before you’re ready to apply for business development manager positions. Seek out limited, part-time positions, internships, and apprenticeships first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for entry-level jobs.\", \"描述\": \"After getting a few real world applications of your degree on your resume, you should be ready for a full-time job. These can be found on job websites. You should also apply with any companies you with which you've interned in the past. You already have a relationship with them - just make sure it's a good one!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look around for promotion opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Since it is less common and expected to spend your entire career in one company in the 21st century, moving up the ladder may mean getting on a different one. Use the connections you have made a long the way to look around for job opportunities along the way. But don't jump ship a few months after getting that first job. Establish some longevity to demonstrate your loyalty to businesses you want to apply to work for one day.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice your presentation in job interviews.\", \"描述\": \"The business world likes its applicants to mirror formality and give flashy presentation in interviews. It's time to break out your suit, even if you are unsure if that will be everyday attire in the job. For more tips on acing a business job interview see this guide.\\nAlways do your homework before a job interview. Turn off your phone, find a quiet space, and set aside plenty of time to research the organization, interviewer, role, and anything else about the job that you aren't well-versed in. Think of the interview experience as an upcoming presentation—until you feel completely ready to give a talk on a topic, you aren't prepared enough.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mastering the Basics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on the basic skills.\", \"描述\": \"Some companies employ multiple business development managers. At that point, each individual may not perform all areas typically assigned to someone in position. However, the basics apply to everyone in the early stages of their career. You won’t get to the point where you only need to worry about, say, client satisfaction if you weren’t capable of doing it all.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get used to developing strategies.\", \"描述\": \"This refers to determining which opportunities for expansion you should pursue and how you should do so. Potential clients may fall into your lap, but if your company is not prepared to handle their business, it will be detrimental to you. On the other hand, if there is an ideal company for you to do business with that is not necessarily looking for partnership, you may have to strategize a way to entice them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practicing your sales skills.\", \"描述\": \"This aspect of business never goes away. You will always be looking at businesses to see what they are lacking, and try to sell to them. Your numbers will speak for themselves, making it easier for you to get promoted.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice interpersonal skills and maintaining business relationships.\", \"描述\": \"More important than gaining new business is keeping the old. Though it is normal for business to go out the door on a regular basis, you should do everything you can to make your clients feel important. Go see them in person and take them to dinner. Make sure they are up-to-speed on all the latest developments at your company.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,225 |
How to Become a Butcher: Everything You Need to Get Started
|
1. Familiarize yourself with a butcher's job duties.
Get a sense of a day in the life of a butcher so you can better prepare.
The easiest way to do this is to go to a butcher's shop and ask if you can shadow them for a day to learn about the business. Expect your day to start early and end late!
Butchers do a lot of work before the shop even opens, inspecting the stock, preparing displays, and prepping customer orders.
Throughout the day, multi-tasking is important because you'll be inspecting, cutting, weighing, and wrapping orders as well as interacting with customers.
Typically this is active and fast-paced work. Even when there aren't customers waiting, there's still a lot of clean-up and prep work to do.
2. Graduate from high school.
Most employers require at least a high school diploma or the equivalent.
Even though there's no formal education required to become a butcher, graduating from high school shows that you have basic math and language skills. You might be able to start as a meat cutter in some grocery stores before you finish high school.
Taking some shop classes in high school will help you gain familiarity with hand and power tools—transferable skills you can take with you into your trade as a butcher.
Specific education requirements vary depending on what country you live in, but this is a trade you can start without any additional higher education pretty much anywhere.
3. Get a food handler's certification if required.
Some states require anyone handling raw meat to get certified.
The certification shows that you know the basic safety and sanitation requirements for handling raw meat. Typically, you'll take a short course followed by an exam to get certified.
In some places, such as in Canada, you can also get a trade certification—but this isn't required to start work as a butcher.
4. Work as a meat cutter to gain experience.
Start out fulfilling customer orders using pre-separated meat.
Butchers do the heavy work of separating the meat into specific cuts, while meat cutters slice those cuts to fulfill specific orders. You'll learn how to cut and weigh meat, as well as how to inspect it for flaws or potential health risks. Along the way, you'll also learn the proper ways to store and handle meat.
Since grocery stores and delis are pretty much always looking for help, it shouldn't be too hard to find openings. Once you've got your foot in the door, show enthusiasm, confidence, and a willingness to learn.
Because butchers often deal directly with customers, it's helpful if you can show that you have good retail experience. This includes working in a restaurant or at a grocery store.
After a few months as a meat cutter, if you show interest, you can start learning how to do more complex cuts and handle larger pieces of meat.
5. Join a formal apprenticeship program.
Formal apprenticeship programs help you advance more quickly.
If there's a union in your area, call them up and ask how you can sign up for their apprenticeship programs. The majority of the program consists of on-the-job training, but there's also a classroom component where you learn about types and cuts of meat. While you'll typically have to pay union dues, the program itself won't cost you anything.
As a member of the union, you also get plenty of support, including job placement once you complete the apprenticeship program.
6. Build your manual dexterity to improve your knife skills.
Practice hand and finger exercises to improve your fine motor skills.
Even playing a musical instrument or video games can improve your manual dexterity. Steady hands and good control of your hand and finger movements are essential for the safe and efficient butchering of an animal. As you continue your training, you'll continue to fine-tune this skill to become an even better butcher over time.
The cut can impact the flavor and presentation of the meat as well, and a great butcher is an artist. You'll know you've got what it takes when customers start requesting cuts from you specifically!
7. Be able to lift up to 50 pounds (23,000 g).
Build your physical strength and stamina over time on the job.
Being a butcher can be physically demanding—especially during busy holiday seasons. Improve your physical fitness so you can move heavy meats around and stay on your feet without getting too sore or tired.
If you're used to sitting for most of the day, do what you can to spend more time on your feet—even if it means you're watching TV standing up. It'll prepare you for a typical workday.
Work on building your upper body strength so you're able to lift heavy meat boxes and carry them around.
8. Get advanced education to hone your skills.
An associate's or bachelor's degree distinguishes you from other applicants.
While a college degree isn't required to become a butcher, it's definitely not going to hurt your chances of getting hired! Check with your local community college to see what programs they offer in meat sciences or meat processing. Many state universities offer meat processing degrees as well if you'd rather go for a bachelor's.
Some of these programs have a specialty focus. For example, the Madison Area Technical Community College in Madison, Wisconsin offers an artisanal modern meat butchery diploma that capitalizes on the farm-to-table culinary trend.
If you dream of opening your own butcher's shop someday, you might think about a degree in business so you'll know what it takes to get the place up and running.
9. Seek special training to become a kosher or halal butcher.
Kosher and halal butchers need religious training and certification.
If you're Jewish or Muslim, talk to your local synagogue or temple about becoming a kosher or halal butcher. Typically, you must be a practicing member of the faith who is at least 18 years old to start the training, which takes a couple of years.
Halal's main focus is the initial slaughter of the animal, but there are also some rules related to the preparation and handling of the meat.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Familiarize yourself with a butcher's job duties.\\nGet a sense of a day in the life of a butcher so you can better prepare.\\nThe easiest way to do this is to go to a butcher's shop and ask if you can shadow them for a day to learn about the business. Expect your day to start early and end late!\\nButchers do a lot of work before the shop even opens, inspecting the stock, preparing displays, and prepping customer orders.\\nThroughout the day, multi-tasking is important because you'll be inspecting, cutting, weighing, and wrapping orders as well as interacting with customers.\\nTypically this is active and fast-paced work. Even when there aren't customers waiting, there's still a lot of clean-up and prep work to do.\\n2. Graduate from high school.\\nMost employers require at least a high school diploma or the equivalent.\\nEven though there's no formal education required to become a butcher, graduating from high school shows that you have basic math and language skills. You might be able to start as a meat cutter in some grocery stores before you finish high school.\\nTaking some shop classes in high school will help you gain familiarity with hand and power tools—transferable skills you can take with you into your trade as a butcher.\\nSpecific education requirements vary depending on what country you live in, but this is a trade you can start without any additional higher education pretty much anywhere.\\n3. Get a food handler's certification if required.\\nSome states require anyone handling raw meat to get certified.\\nThe certification shows that you know the basic safety and sanitation requirements for handling raw meat. Typically, you'll take a short course followed by an exam to get certified.\\nIn some places, such as in Canada, you can also get a trade certification—but this isn't required to start work as a butcher.\\n4. Work as a meat cutter to gain experience.\\nStart out fulfilling customer orders using pre-separated meat.\\nButchers do the heavy work of separating the meat into specific cuts, while meat cutters slice those cuts to fulfill specific orders. You'll learn how to cut and weigh meat, as well as how to inspect it for flaws or potential health risks. Along the way, you'll also learn the proper ways to store and handle meat.\\nSince grocery stores and delis are pretty much always looking for help, it shouldn't be too hard to find openings. Once you've got your foot in the door, show enthusiasm, confidence, and a willingness to learn.\\nBecause butchers often deal directly with customers, it's helpful if you can show that you have good retail experience. This includes working in a restaurant or at a grocery store.\\nAfter a few months as a meat cutter, if you show interest, you can start learning how to do more complex cuts and handle larger pieces of meat.\\n5. Join a formal apprenticeship program.\\nFormal apprenticeship programs help you advance more quickly.\\nIf there's a union in your area, call them up and ask how you can sign up for their apprenticeship programs. The majority of the program consists of on-the-job training, but there's also a classroom component where you learn about types and cuts of meat. While you'll typically have to pay union dues, the program itself won't cost you anything.\\nAs a member of the union, you also get plenty of support, including job placement once you complete the apprenticeship program.\\n6. Build your manual dexterity to improve your knife skills.\\nPractice hand and finger exercises to improve your fine motor skills.\\nEven playing a musical instrument or video games can improve your manual dexterity. Steady hands and good control of your hand and finger movements are essential for the safe and efficient butchering of an animal. As you continue your training, you'll continue to fine-tune this skill to become an even better butcher over time.\\nThe cut can impact the flavor and presentation of the meat as well, and a great butcher is an artist. You'll know you've got what it takes when customers start requesting cuts from you specifically!\\n7. Be able to lift up to 50 pounds (23,000 g).\\nBuild your physical strength and stamina over time on the job.\\nBeing a butcher can be physically demanding—especially during busy holiday seasons. Improve your physical fitness so you can move heavy meats around and stay on your feet without getting too sore or tired.\\nIf you're used to sitting for most of the day, do what you can to spend more time on your feet—even if it means you're watching TV standing up. It'll prepare you for a typical workday.\\nWork on building your upper body strength so you're able to lift heavy meat boxes and carry them around.\\n8. Get advanced education to hone your skills.\\nAn associate's or bachelor's degree distinguishes you from other applicants.\\nWhile a college degree isn't required to become a butcher, it's definitely not going to hurt your chances of getting hired! Check with your local community college to see what programs they offer in meat sciences or meat processing. Many state universities offer meat processing degrees as well if you'd rather go for a bachelor's.\\nSome of these programs have a specialty focus. For example, the Madison Area Technical Community College in Madison, Wisconsin offers an artisanal modern meat butchery diploma that capitalizes on the farm-to-table culinary trend.\\nIf you dream of opening your own butcher's shop someday, you might think about a degree in business so you'll know what it takes to get the place up and running.\\n9. Seek special training to become a kosher or halal butcher.\\nKosher and halal butchers need religious training and certification.\\nIf you're Jewish or Muslim, talk to your local synagogue or temple about becoming a kosher or halal butcher. Typically, you must be a practicing member of the faith who is at least 18 years old to start the training, which takes a couple of years.\\nHalal's main focus is the initial slaughter of the animal, but there are also some rules related to the preparation and handling of the meat.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you like working with your hands and want to be involved with food in some way, becoming a butcher might be right up your alley. As of 2021, the average butcher in the US earns around $36,000 a year—with skilled artisanal butchers earning even more. But the best part is that it's not hard to get your foot in the door of this exciting career—just find work at a deli or the meat counter of a grocery store and you can learn on the job. Read on to learn everything you need to know about how to join this age-old trade.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with a butcher's job duties.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a sense of a day in the life of a butcher so you can better prepare.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to do this is to go to a butcher's shop and ask if you can shadow them for a day to learn about the business. Expect your day to start early and end late!\\nButchers do a lot of work before the shop even opens, inspecting the stock, preparing displays, and prepping customer orders.\\nThroughout the day, multi-tasking is important because you'll be inspecting, cutting, weighing, and wrapping orders as well as interacting with customers.\\nTypically this is active and fast-paced work. Even when there aren't customers waiting, there's still a lot of clean-up and prep work to do.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Graduate from high school.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Most employers require at least a high school diploma or the equivalent.\", \"描述\": \"Even though there's no formal education required to become a butcher, graduating from high school shows that you have basic math and language skills. You might be able to start as a meat cutter in some grocery stores before you finish high school.\\nTaking some shop classes in high school will help you gain familiarity with hand and power tools—transferable skills you can take with you into your trade as a butcher.\\nSpecific education requirements vary depending on what country you live in, but this is a trade you can start without any additional higher education pretty much anywhere.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a food handler's certification if required.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Some states require anyone handling raw meat to get certified.\", \"描述\": \"The certification shows that you know the basic safety and sanitation requirements for handling raw meat. Typically, you'll take a short course followed by an exam to get certified.\\nIn some places, such as in Canada, you can also get a trade certification—but this isn't required to start work as a butcher.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work as a meat cutter to gain experience.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start out fulfilling customer orders using pre-separated meat.\", \"描述\": \"Butchers do the heavy work of separating the meat into specific cuts, while meat cutters slice those cuts to fulfill specific orders. You'll learn how to cut and weigh meat, as well as how to inspect it for flaws or potential health risks. Along the way, you'll also learn the proper ways to store and handle meat.\\nSince grocery stores and delis are pretty much always looking for help, it shouldn't be too hard to find openings. Once you've got your foot in the door, show enthusiasm, confidence, and a willingness to learn.\\nBecause butchers often deal directly with customers, it's helpful if you can show that you have good retail experience. This includes working in a restaurant or at a grocery store.\\nAfter a few months as a meat cutter, if you show interest, you can start learning how to do more complex cuts and handle larger pieces of meat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join a formal apprenticeship program.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Formal apprenticeship programs help you advance more quickly.\", \"描述\": \"If there's a union in your area, call them up and ask how you can sign up for their apprenticeship programs. The majority of the program consists of on-the-job training, but there's also a classroom component where you learn about types and cuts of meat. While you'll typically have to pay union dues, the program itself won't cost you anything.\\nAs a member of the union, you also get plenty of support, including job placement once you complete the apprenticeship program.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Build your manual dexterity to improve your knife skills.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice hand and finger exercises to improve your fine motor skills.\", \"描述\": \"Even playing a musical instrument or video games can improve your manual dexterity. Steady hands and good control of your hand and finger movements are essential for the safe and efficient butchering of an animal. As you continue your training, you'll continue to fine-tune this skill to become an even better butcher over time.\\nThe cut can impact the flavor and presentation of the meat as well, and a great butcher is an artist. You'll know you've got what it takes when customers start requesting cuts from you specifically!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be able to lift up to 50 pounds (23,000 g).\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build your physical strength and stamina over time on the job.\", \"描述\": \"Being a butcher can be physically demanding—especially during busy holiday seasons. Improve your physical fitness so you can move heavy meats around and stay on your feet without getting too sore or tired.\\nIf you're used to sitting for most of the day, do what you can to spend more time on your feet—even if it means you're watching TV standing up. It'll prepare you for a typical workday.\\nWork on building your upper body strength so you're able to lift heavy meat boxes and carry them around.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Get advanced education to hone your skills.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"An associate's or bachelor's degree distinguishes you from other applicants.\", \"描述\": \"While a college degree isn't required to become a butcher, it's definitely not going to hurt your chances of getting hired! Check with your local community college to see what programs they offer in meat sciences or meat processing. Many state universities offer meat processing degrees as well if you'd rather go for a bachelor's.\\nSome of these programs have a specialty focus. For example, the Madison Area Technical Community College in Madison, Wisconsin offers an artisanal modern meat butchery diploma that capitalizes on the farm-to-table culinary trend.\\nIf you dream of opening your own butcher's shop someday, you might think about a degree in business so you'll know what it takes to get the place up and running.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Seek special training to become a kosher or halal butcher.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Kosher and halal butchers need religious training and certification.\", \"描述\": \"If you're Jewish or Muslim, talk to your local synagogue or temple about becoming a kosher or halal butcher. Typically, you must be a practicing member of the faith who is at least 18 years old to start the training, which takes a couple of years.\\nHalal's main focus is the initial slaughter of the animal, but there are also some rules related to the preparation and handling of the meat.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,226 |
How to Become a Butler
|
1. Completing Your Initial Education
1-1. Graduate high school.
Most employers will ask that you have a high school diploma or GED. While in school try to make the best grades that you can and enroll in classes that emphasize interpersonal communication, such as speech or management. Courses that focus on the domestic arts, like home economics, may be helpful as well.
1-2. Get a university degree.
Getting a degree in communications or management from a university can be a good stepping stone into the job market. Your university career center will likely be able to assist you in your job search. You should also work with them to get an internship at a hotel or somewhere else in the hospitality industry while completing your coursework.
1-3. Attend a formal training academy.
There are a number of schools around the world that specialize in training butlers and hospitality staff. You’ll need to submit a full application along with a tuition fee that may vary depending on the length of the course. While enrolled you can expect to take classes on table service, household cleaning, and other professional management skills.
For example, a few of the schools offering training programs include the School for Butlers and Hospitality (Brussels, Belgium), The Professional Domestic Institute (Powell, Ohio, USA), and The Estate Management Studies program at the French Culinary Institute (New York City, New York, USA), among others.
These programs can cost upwards of $3,500 for a ten-day all-inclusive experience.
1-4. Teach yourself the right skills.
Create a list of all of the skills that you’ll need, such as caring for a wardrobe or keeping a family schedule, and then research them online. Watch instructional videos and make notes of all important details. Practice as often as you can until you feel comfortable.
Buy publications that focus on domestic service and luxury lifestyles. Read any articles that discuss butlers or staffing in general. Go online to butler websites and forums, such as The Butler Bureau or Lifestyle Resources, and browse through the content.
2. Gaining Experience and Developing Your Skills
2-1. Start off as a footman.
This is the technical term for a person who serves as a butler’s next-in-command or understudy. Below them is the under footman, a position often reserved for a new hire with little education or experience. If you can find a professional butler who will let you work with them it is a great opportunity to get new skills and learn about the industry.
You may not get paid for the experience and the job shadowing period may only last for a few weeks.
2-2. Work as a maid or housekeeper.
Some of the tasks that maids and butlers perform overlap, making it a great professional starting point. Try to find employment with a company that provides upscale house cleaning services. Or, secure a position in a larger household where you could change positions to butler later on.
Avoid janitorial positions within industrial companies, however, since the skills you will use there will not offer you much usable work experience for a career as a butler.
2-3. Get a concierge position at a hotel.
This will give you the unique opportunity to greet guests and provide for their needs and wants. It will help to fine tune your communication and service skills. You’ll also learn how to develop strong relationships with other service providers who can help you to create the best experience for your guests.
If you cannot get a position at the desk, aim for a job as a porter or maid. While these jobs are only loosely related to the tasks a butler will perform, they will still give you valuable experience and instruct you on tending to clients' needs.
2-4. Get comfortable handling varied tasks.
Clients now are expecting butlers to perform far more than the traditional jobs typically associated with the position. It’s possible that you’ll be asked to clean up the garden, act as a babysitter, prepare meals, and serve as a driver, among other tasks. Being able to juggle all of these requests without batting an eye is a sign of a strong butler.
2-5. Dress smartly.
Almost all butler positions will require that you adhere to a certain dress code. Men are usually asked to wear a suit or trousers combo. Women can wear trousers or skirts with a blouse or dresses. Ask your employer for more guidance before starting your job.
You’ll also be expected to take good care of your clothing, as it will be a sign of your employer’s class status.
2-6. Keep a “butler’s bible.”
This is one of the most important tools that butler can possess. It is a daily guide of your client’s preferences in minute detail. You can create a paper version or do everything digitally. You can also make note of any important events that you’ll need to recall later.
For example, a “butler’s bible,” might list your client’s drink preferences, such as whether or not they prefer a certain brand of soda or water.
2-7. Be discreet.
Get used to keeping secrets and seeing private moments. It’s best to come up with a personal policy of avoiding all discussion regarding your client. Even better, delete all of your social media accounts to remove any temptation to gossip. Don’t be surprised if your clients ask you to sign a nondisclosure agreement as well.
3. Finding Employment
3-1. Know the salary and job outlook.
A starting butler can expect to make somewhere between $40,000 to $50,000 a year. This number will increase with experience, training, and prestige, to well over $200,000. It is also predicted that the market for butlers will remain strong into the future as more newly wealthy individuals seek out household help.
Butlers in private service and in hotels may also receive a variety of perks including extravagant paid vacations.
3-2. Join a guild.
Becoming part of a professional guild or organization for butlers and household staff is extremely advantageous since you will have some sort of “formal” backing. Potential employers looking to hire a private butler often go to these organizations with their requests before turning to the public.
One of the largest organizations you can join is the International Guild of Professional Butlers. You will need to register with the guild and send in your resume. After that, you will have access to their list of current jobs, as well as other resources.
3-3. Sign on with a placement firm.
These companies will find a suitable place of employment for you in exchange for a finder’s fee from your future employer or a one-time fee paid by you. This can be a great investment if you want to widen your search or if you require certain characteristics from an employer.
These agencies are also helpful in that they’ll talk with potential employers and make sure that their expectations are in line with what you can actually do.
Tips
It will give you an advantage on the job market if you can develop a specialty, such as caring for pets.[14]
X
Research source
Be willing to travel. Many butlers trained in one location are asked to move around the world for a position.[15]
X
Research source
Warnings
Expect to work long hours and be subject to the whims of your clients. Butlers with close family can sometimes find this to be a difficult part of the lifestyle.[16]
X
Research source
Butlers often use more formal language, including avoiding words like “okay.” “Excellent” or “splendid” is a suitable replacement.[17]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Completing Your Initial Education\\n1-1. Graduate high school.\\nMost employers will ask that you have a high school diploma or GED. While in school try to make the best grades that you can and enroll in classes that emphasize interpersonal communication, such as speech or management. Courses that focus on the domestic arts, like home economics, may be helpful as well.\\n1-2. Get a university degree.\\nGetting a degree in communications or management from a university can be a good stepping stone into the job market. Your university career center will likely be able to assist you in your job search. You should also work with them to get an internship at a hotel or somewhere else in the hospitality industry while completing your coursework.\\n1-3. Attend a formal training academy.\\nThere are a number of schools around the world that specialize in training butlers and hospitality staff. You’ll need to submit a full application along with a tuition fee that may vary depending on the length of the course. While enrolled you can expect to take classes on table service, household cleaning, and other professional management skills.\\nFor example, a few of the schools offering training programs include the School for Butlers and Hospitality (Brussels, Belgium), The Professional Domestic Institute (Powell, Ohio, USA), and The Estate Management Studies program at the French Culinary Institute (New York City, New York, USA), among others.\\nThese programs can cost upwards of $3,500 for a ten-day all-inclusive experience.\\n1-4. Teach yourself the right skills.\\nCreate a list of all of the skills that you’ll need, such as caring for a wardrobe or keeping a family schedule, and then research them online. Watch instructional videos and make notes of all important details. Practice as often as you can until you feel comfortable.\\nBuy publications that focus on domestic service and luxury lifestyles. Read any articles that discuss butlers or staffing in general. Go online to butler websites and forums, such as The Butler Bureau or Lifestyle Resources, and browse through the content.\\n2. Gaining Experience and Developing Your Skills\\n2-1. Start off as a footman.\\nThis is the technical term for a person who serves as a butler’s next-in-command or understudy. Below them is the under footman, a position often reserved for a new hire with little education or experience. If you can find a professional butler who will let you work with them it is a great opportunity to get new skills and learn about the industry.\\nYou may not get paid for the experience and the job shadowing period may only last for a few weeks.\\n2-2. Work as a maid or housekeeper.\\nSome of the tasks that maids and butlers perform overlap, making it a great professional starting point. Try to find employment with a company that provides upscale house cleaning services. Or, secure a position in a larger household where you could change positions to butler later on.\\nAvoid janitorial positions within industrial companies, however, since the skills you will use there will not offer you much usable work experience for a career as a butler.\\n2-3. Get a concierge position at a hotel.\\nThis will give you the unique opportunity to greet guests and provide for their needs and wants. It will help to fine tune your communication and service skills. You’ll also learn how to develop strong relationships with other service providers who can help you to create the best experience for your guests.\\nIf you cannot get a position at the desk, aim for a job as a porter or maid. While these jobs are only loosely related to the tasks a butler will perform, they will still give you valuable experience and instruct you on tending to clients' needs.\\n2-4. Get comfortable handling varied tasks.\\nClients now are expecting butlers to perform far more than the traditional jobs typically associated with the position. It’s possible that you’ll be asked to clean up the garden, act as a babysitter, prepare meals, and serve as a driver, among other tasks. Being able to juggle all of these requests without batting an eye is a sign of a strong butler.\\n2-5. Dress smartly.\\nAlmost all butler positions will require that you adhere to a certain dress code. Men are usually asked to wear a suit or trousers combo. Women can wear trousers or skirts with a blouse or dresses. Ask your employer for more guidance before starting your job.\\nYou’ll also be expected to take good care of your clothing, as it will be a sign of your employer’s class status.\\n2-6. Keep a “butler’s bible.”\\nThis is one of the most important tools that butler can possess. It is a daily guide of your client’s preferences in minute detail. You can create a paper version or do everything digitally. You can also make note of any important events that you’ll need to recall later.\\nFor example, a “butler’s bible,” might list your client’s drink preferences, such as whether or not they prefer a certain brand of soda or water.\\n2-7. Be discreet.\\nGet used to keeping secrets and seeing private moments. It’s best to come up with a personal policy of avoiding all discussion regarding your client. Even better, delete all of your social media accounts to remove any temptation to gossip. Don’t be surprised if your clients ask you to sign a nondisclosure agreement as well.\\n3. Finding Employment\\n3-1. Know the salary and job outlook.\\nA starting butler can expect to make somewhere between $40,000 to $50,000 a year. This number will increase with experience, training, and prestige, to well over $200,000. It is also predicted that the market for butlers will remain strong into the future as more newly wealthy individuals seek out household help.\\nButlers in private service and in hotels may also receive a variety of perks including extravagant paid vacations.\\n3-2. Join a guild.\\nBecoming part of a professional guild or organization for butlers and household staff is extremely advantageous since you will have some sort of “formal” backing. Potential employers looking to hire a private butler often go to these organizations with their requests before turning to the public.\\nOne of the largest organizations you can join is the International Guild of Professional Butlers. You will need to register with the guild and send in your resume. After that, you will have access to their list of current jobs, as well as other resources.\\n3-3. Sign on with a placement firm.\\nThese companies will find a suitable place of employment for you in exchange for a finder’s fee from your future employer or a one-time fee paid by you. This can be a great investment if you want to widen your search or if you require certain characteristics from an employer.\\nThese agencies are also helpful in that they’ll talk with potential employers and make sure that their expectations are in line with what you can actually do.\\nTips\\nIt will give you an advantage on the job market if you can develop a specialty, such as caring for pets.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nBe willing to travel. Many butlers trained in one location are asked to move around the world for a position.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nExpect to work long hours and be subject to the whims of your clients. Butlers with close family can sometimes find this to be a difficult part of the lifestyle.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nButlers often use more formal language, including avoiding words like “okay.” “Excellent” or “splendid” is a suitable replacement.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Butlers are known for their professionalism, dapper dress, and discretion. While there are no formal education requirements for entering the field, it’s a good idea to start with training from a university or hospitality program. Try to gain even more experience by apprenticing with a butler or working in a hotel. When you are ready for a full-time position, use your guild membership or an agency to give you a bit of an edge in a competitive field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Initial Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate high school.\", \"描述\": \"Most employers will ask that you have a high school diploma or GED. While in school try to make the best grades that you can and enroll in classes that emphasize interpersonal communication, such as speech or management. Courses that focus on the domestic arts, like home economics, may be helpful as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a university degree.\", \"描述\": \"Getting a degree in communications or management from a university can be a good stepping stone into the job market. Your university career center will likely be able to assist you in your job search. You should also work with them to get an internship at a hotel or somewhere else in the hospitality industry while completing your coursework.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend a formal training academy.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of schools around the world that specialize in training butlers and hospitality staff. You’ll need to submit a full application along with a tuition fee that may vary depending on the length of the course. While enrolled you can expect to take classes on table service, household cleaning, and other professional management skills.\\nFor example, a few of the schools offering training programs include the School for Butlers and Hospitality (Brussels, Belgium), The Professional Domestic Institute (Powell, Ohio, USA), and The Estate Management Studies program at the French Culinary Institute (New York City, New York, USA), among others.\\nThese programs can cost upwards of $3,500 for a ten-day all-inclusive experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Teach yourself the right skills.\", \"描述\": \"Create a list of all of the skills that you’ll need, such as caring for a wardrobe or keeping a family schedule, and then research them online. Watch instructional videos and make notes of all important details. Practice as often as you can until you feel comfortable.\\nBuy publications that focus on domestic service and luxury lifestyles. Read any articles that discuss butlers or staffing in general. Go online to butler websites and forums, such as The Butler Bureau or Lifestyle Resources, and browse through the content.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience and Developing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start off as a footman.\", \"描述\": \"This is the technical term for a person who serves as a butler’s next-in-command or understudy. Below them is the under footman, a position often reserved for a new hire with little education or experience. If you can find a professional butler who will let you work with them it is a great opportunity to get new skills and learn about the industry.\\nYou may not get paid for the experience and the job shadowing period may only last for a few weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work as a maid or housekeeper.\", \"描述\": \"Some of the tasks that maids and butlers perform overlap, making it a great professional starting point. Try to find employment with a company that provides upscale house cleaning services. Or, secure a position in a larger household where you could change positions to butler later on.\\nAvoid janitorial positions within industrial companies, however, since the skills you will use there will not offer you much usable work experience for a career as a butler.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a concierge position at a hotel.\", \"描述\": \"This will give you the unique opportunity to greet guests and provide for their needs and wants. It will help to fine tune your communication and service skills. You’ll also learn how to develop strong relationships with other service providers who can help you to create the best experience for your guests.\\nIf you cannot get a position at the desk, aim for a job as a porter or maid. While these jobs are only loosely related to the tasks a butler will perform, they will still give you valuable experience and instruct you on tending to clients' needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get comfortable handling varied tasks.\", \"描述\": \"Clients now are expecting butlers to perform far more than the traditional jobs typically associated with the position. It’s possible that you’ll be asked to clean up the garden, act as a babysitter, prepare meals, and serve as a driver, among other tasks. Being able to juggle all of these requests without batting an eye is a sign of a strong butler.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Dress smartly.\", \"描述\": \"Almost all butler positions will require that you adhere to a certain dress code. Men are usually asked to wear a suit or trousers combo. Women can wear trousers or skirts with a blouse or dresses. Ask your employer for more guidance before starting your job.\\nYou’ll also be expected to take good care of your clothing, as it will be a sign of your employer’s class status.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep a “butler’s bible.”\", \"描述\": \"This is one of the most important tools that butler can possess. It is a daily guide of your client’s preferences in minute detail. You can create a paper version or do everything digitally. You can also make note of any important events that you’ll need to recall later.\\nFor example, a “butler’s bible,” might list your client’s drink preferences, such as whether or not they prefer a certain brand of soda or water.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be discreet.\", \"描述\": \"Get used to keeping secrets and seeing private moments. It’s best to come up with a personal policy of avoiding all discussion regarding your client. Even better, delete all of your social media accounts to remove any temptation to gossip. Don’t be surprised if your clients ask you to sign a nondisclosure agreement as well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Employment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know the salary and job outlook.\", \"描述\": \"A starting butler can expect to make somewhere between $40,000 to $50,000 a year. This number will increase with experience, training, and prestige, to well over $200,000. It is also predicted that the market for butlers will remain strong into the future as more newly wealthy individuals seek out household help.\\nButlers in private service and in hotels may also receive a variety of perks including extravagant paid vacations.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a guild.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming part of a professional guild or organization for butlers and household staff is extremely advantageous since you will have some sort of “formal” backing. Potential employers looking to hire a private butler often go to these organizations with their requests before turning to the public.\\nOne of the largest organizations you can join is the International Guild of Professional Butlers. You will need to register with the guild and send in your resume. After that, you will have access to their list of current jobs, as well as other resources.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign on with a placement firm.\", \"描述\": \"These companies will find a suitable place of employment for you in exchange for a finder’s fee from your future employer or a one-time fee paid by you. This can be a great investment if you want to widen your search or if you require certain characteristics from an employer.\\nThese agencies are also helpful in that they’ll talk with potential employers and make sure that their expectations are in line with what you can actually do.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It will give you an advantage on the job market if you can develop a specialty, such as caring for pets.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Be willing to travel. Many butlers trained in one location are asked to move around the world for a position.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Expect to work long hours and be subject to the whims of your clients. Butlers with close family can sometimes find this to be a difficult part of the lifestyle.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Butlers often use more formal language, including avoiding words like “okay.” “Excellent” or “splendid” is a suitable replacement.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,227 |
How to Become a CIA Agent
|
1. Familiarizing Yourself With the CIA
Understand what is involved in a CIA career before seeking to join the CIA.
While the spying side of the CIA might be the seeming glamor filled side you're hankering after, the Directorate of Operations (or "clandestine service" where the spies are located), is but one part of the CIA and a small part at that. The majority of CIA employees work in analytical positions, language positions and science, engineering, and technology positions. Matching your skills and aptitude to what you're best suited for may not see you working in the clandestine service positions at all, so be ready for this possibility. In addition, be prepared to become part of a family when joining the CIA, with expectations to uphold deep loyalty to others, and with possible ramifications on your outside-work socializing and relationships.
Whatever your position, a role in the CIA means that you're part of the first line of defense in a warning and protecting your fellow citizens. You will be working with people possessing high integrity, perception, analytical ability, and intellectual curiosity.
You'll be expected to work in teams on many occasions, so you will have to have strong team skills.
You'll be able to pursue career goals within the CIA and it's hoped that you'll remain with the CIA for the duration of your career.
The Agency has its own community. The reason for this stems from the academic environment, as well as the nature of the work performed and the mission of the CIA. The CIA's George Bush Center has its own food court, fitness facilities, formal gardens and walking paths, company store, recreational and activity clubs, and artwork on display. In addition, there is a museum, a library, and the usual offices.
The Agency considers its community a family, employing people from nearly all fields of study, united in their work and their service to the country.
Before even embarking on the process of becoming a CIA officer, do some thorough background reading on what the CIA is about, what CIA officers do (not just spying.), as well as finding out about how much of the spying isn't what you'd gleaned from movies and TV shows.
2. Are You CIA Material?
2-1. Before starting the process, it might be a good idea to background check yourself.
If you're not clean, then don't bother applying. Most importantly, you will be able to see if your background report contains any false information, so you will be prepared when they question you on it. You must use a service that is able to access the CIS database which is the exact same database that the CIA uses, If your name appears then they have your record available and you can prepare yourself.
2-2. Stay squeaky clean.
Every single position requires a security clearance and you'll need to pass through very thorough background checks to clear this. The content and expectations of security checks are not known publicly (that would defeat their purpose) but it's fairly obvious that there are standard behaviors and activities that you should present, and others you must have avoided. For example:
Do not have a criminal record. Naturally, this includes not having participated in any activities against the USA's interests, whether or not these were criminal in nature.
Don't take drugs. The CIA states that you cannot have used illegal drugs within 12 months of your application or background check process. Illegal drug use at any time in your past can hurt your chances, however, so it's best to avoid any illegal drug altogether. In addition, don't abuse legal drugs, like alcohol or prescription drugs, as these can provide evidence of your character and future likelihood of re-abusing.
Be financially sound. This means that you don't gamble, over-invest, have a poor credit repayment record or have a bankruptcy in your background. No intelligence service wants to take a risk on a person who has poor financial management skills and is potentially open to bribery.
Have a good work track record and ethics. Whatever jobs you've had already, ensure that you've always given your best, being honest and ethical, and worked hard. Demonstrable loyalty and accountability in any work environment is an asset to your application.
Be highly trustworthy, reliable, and faithful. Background investigators will ask questions of people in your circle of acquaintances including family and friends. If they feedback positive information about you, this is good for you, as their assessment of your character builds.
Understand the importance of maintaining confidences and confidentiality. If you love to gossip, being in the CIA probably isn't a good choice for you; you'll need to be able to demonstrate that you can abide by regulations regarding the use, handling, and protection of sensitive information.
Have excellent strength of character, integrity, honesty, sound judgment, and loyalty to the United States. The CIA recognizes that no one is perfect. Security officials will consider the blemishes in your background according to their nature, extent, seriousness, and recency. They weigh the risk and benefit of each individual with the utmost care. If you've got everything else needed, the Agency won't necessarily turn you away if they consider you have important contributions to make to the nation's intelligence efforts.
Have squeaky clean parents and friends. While this may not always be possible, it's enormously helpful because any family member or friend with shady leanings could be a source of weakness for you if they fall into a spot of bother (aka "potential for coercion"). If there are issues surrounding this, talk to a CIA careers agent about your options, and always be truthful.
2-3. Be highly competent in your field.
The CIA takes the best and the brightest students: CIA officers must have at least a bachelor's degree. Having an advanced degree can be helpful for most positions, and in many instances, is required, although the CIA also offers its own relevant undergraduate programs. Moreover, the CIA gets so many hundreds of applications per position that you'll need to ensure your skills, abilities, and studies stand out from the rest.
Have excellent grades through high school and college. Have at least a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale.
While there is no specific major to study, having studies with emphases on international relations (most internationally focused studies are likely to be of interest to a recruiter), law, political science, history, security studies, economics or finance (including international finance), mathematics, journalism, science (behavioral, physical, or computer), languages, sociology or psychology, and anything requiring analytical skills, can be to your advantage.
2-4. Learn other languages.
The more, the better, but a master at least one other language really well. At the current time, languages in high demand include Mandarin, Farsi (Persian), Pashto, Dari, Russian, and Arabic, reflecting current world political and military "hot spots". Fluency is especially important if you're seeking a position in the clandestine service. Your language proficiency must be above and beyond mere college knowledge; you must demonstrate that you can speak it as well as a native. If you cannot, either keep improving it or inquire about on-the-job training potential for language improvement.
2-5. Be personable, flexible, and sociable.
The best way to get information out of other people is to be a good talker and listener, to be someone who can connect with others with ease, as well as being able to put people at their ease. These skills are harder to learn than academic ones for some people, so if you don't feel comfortable around people, either brush up on the skills through reading or courses, or be less inclined to seek any positions that require interacting with "assets" (the clandestine service's term for spies - those people who assist CIA agents, often at great risk to their own lives or well-being), or with anyone else who might serve as a source of information.
Learn what makes people tick; learn people skills including how to make people like you and good conversation skills. You'll need to know how to "schmooze" and build rapport with people from all walks of life, in order to be able to spot, assess, develop, and recruit assets. You'll need to know how to feign interest in other people's interests and hobbies in order to build friendships or relationships with them to obtain information.
If you have a problem with being likable, being a CIA officer is probably not a good option for you. Equally, arrogance, egoism and inflated self-importance will soon see you dropped from the training.
See life's gray areas. If you see life in absolutes ("he is wrong, I am right"), then it's likely you're not going to be a good choice for the CIA. Inquiring minds, openness to discussion and possibilities, and the ability to see the more nuanced and complicated elements of every situation are an essential trait when you need to analyze things. Sometimes you will be asked to finesse things for the good of your national security that doesn't necessarily produce the best results for people in other nations. Is that something you can handle?
2-6. Be physically fit
You will be put through rigorous physical testing and it will be expected that you can manage the physical tests. As well as the benefits of keeping fit, getting involved in both team and individual sports on a regular basis proves to your future potential CIA employers that you're willing to stay in shape, work in teams, and maintain your general health and well-being. Good stamina is also important if you work undercover, as you may be expected to work very long days without appearing tired or without losing your ability to think clearly; indeed, in a typical day you could spend the daytime creating a cover for yourself, and the night catching up with people you need to find information from.
2-7. Be mentally fit.
You will be tested to your limits in training to see how you handle emotional pressure. In addition, if you do enter the clandestine service, you'll need to be able to deal with the mental pressures of being subjected to dangers and life-threatening situations. For example, if you're caught, you may be subjected to torture and even denial by your government of your existence. In addition, if your asset is caught by his or her own government, you will face the emotional issues related to how that person (and maybe his or her family) is then treated (sometimes they will suffer the death penalty). There will be many trying situations, and your mental health needs to be in top shape to be able to cope with the possibilities.
2-8. Be honest
Expect to be tested as much as it is possible to ensure the veracity of what you're telling the CIA. If accepted for the interview process, as well as periodically during employment, you'll be subjected to a polygraph. While polygraphy isn’t an exact science, CIA polygraph equipment is among the most thorough and the technicians working with our highly trained security professionals. These security professionals will generally err on the side of caution if they have any reason to believe you’re lying. It is during this testing that they'll be able to find out if you've lied about taking any illegal drugs, being disloyal, poor financial management, and so on. All test results are guarded and kept in the strictest of confidence. And don't expect the testing process to be breezy or comfortable; for starters, it's hardly a pleasant feeling to have others trying to "catch you out," let alone being hooked up to a machine that could determine the fate of your future career.
Expect continued checks throughout your career with the CIA. You will be expected to undergo regular re-investigations (updates on your lifestyle, connections, etc.), and to continue taking polygraph tests.
Be ready to maintain high standards of professional conduct at all times, both at work and outside of work, for the duration of your CIA career.
2-9. Be prepared to relocate or travel.
A CIA job will often require that you move from your initial residence. In addition, many CIA positions will require frequent travel, which can be disturbing to home life if you're not already focused on how you'll cope with this (the CIA does offer childcare centers at some locations).
Do not underestimate the stress on your personal life. If you're the type of person who wants to come home at 5 every day and be regularly available to raise your family, work as an agent is not likely to provide that ease of child-raising and family togetherness for you. If you can't abide by this thought, consider looking for a different career. Many other CIA careers, however, do offer this type of stability.
2-10. Be a US citizen.
Only US citizens may apply to join the CIA. If you don't have citizenship, obtain it.
3. Understanding the Application Process
3-1. Apply for a position with the CIA.
If you're confident that you can pass the above initial requirements, it's time to apply. You can do this online, but be prepared for a lengthy process and the need to fill in a lot of information about yourself. The application process starts at: https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-jobs/index.html. Look for a specific position of interest, read through its requirements and ensure that you meet them. If you don't meet the minimum requirements, don't apply unless you have a very good reason, because you'll be wasting your time.
Make sure to follow the application deadlines and instructions to the letter. If you miss one thing, your application will be rejected.
Spruce up your resume, as this will need to be submitted along with the online application.
Job listings are updated regularly. This means that if you don't see something of interest, check back again frequently.
3-2. Be patient and wait.
The vetting process can be lengthy, especially if you have numerous foreign contacts who need to be followed up as well. If you've been completely honest and open, this will speed up the checking process.
Don't write or call to check. You won't get a response.
As a general rule, if the CIA is interested in your application, they will contact you within 45 days.
Don't give up. Keep trying – it may be that you selected a position that you weren't cut out for, or that had too many other highly qualified people competing with you and one small flaw in your application had yours rejected. Just keep trying for a reasonable time and your persistence may pay off. In some cases, it may mean they'll take you when your experience improves, so get that PhD, go for that military position, or do something else extraordinary that will catapult you into their notice.
3-3. Get ready for the next stage if you are successful in obtaining clearance and a conditional job offer.
All initial offers are conditional; if you get one, there is still a long way to go before you can be hired. You will now need to undergo a series of physical, psychological, security, and intelligence tests to verify your suitability to join the Agency.
Undergo a medical exam and psychological exam. The medical is designed to ensure you're in adequate physical condition for the needs of the job, and also to test for drug use. The psychological exam assesses your intelligence, judgment, and mental stability.
Wait for your background check to be completed. The background check is extremely thorough and often lengthy (it can take two years). The CIA website states: “The investigation addresses comprehensively one's loyalty to the United States, strength of character, trustworthiness, honesty, reliability, discretion, and soundness of judgment. In addition, it examines one's freedom from conflicting allegiances, potential for coercion, and willingness and ability to abide by regulations governing the use, handling and protection of sensitive information.”
Pass the polygraph test (discussed above).
3-4. Accept or decline your job offer.
If you make it through the selection process, you’re lucky: only about 17 percent of candidates presented with conditional offers pass the background check and exams. Now you can accept your job and get ready for training, after which you still might find yourself not ideal for the job!
Participate in job training. For some positions, particularly those in the clandestine service, you may have a probationary training period during which you must successfully complete training for your specific position. You may have to relocate during your training period (about six months), and the Agency will usually not pay for relocation of your family during this time.
You will not be an official case officer until you pass the rigorous training, which, depending on the position, can be very difficult.
Tips
The CIA frequently recruits at top colleges and universities in an effort to lure qualified candidates before they accept a position in the private sector. Be sure to attend career and job fairs at school.
You will be required to keep things confidential. People skills are a plus for operations officers (spies), but if you have trouble keeping secrets, this is not for you.
The CIA has a number of programs available for college students, including internships for both undergraduate and graduate students. The selection criteria are quite rigorous for these, and completion of a program doesn’t guarantee a job, but if you perform well during the internship you’ll have a good chance at a job offer.
Warnings
Be aware that salaries in the CIA are usually lower (sometime a lot lower) than those offered in the private sector for positions requiring similar education and experience. On the other hand, your job security is often better, provided you maintain high standards of personal conduct.
CIA training can result in making you a colder and more calculating person.
Be prepared to handle emotional stress. Training, as mentioned, is very intense (and at times, overwhelming). Once you're in for training, especially for the clandestine service, you'll be tested to your limits because they want to know your breaking point (if at all) before you're out on a job where others' lives are at risk. And if that comes sooner, rather than later, then you're less likely to succeed.
Do not lie on your application or at any time during the hiring process. The background checks are extraordinarily rigorous, and should they discover a lie, in most cases you'll be disqualified unless it's a clear misunderstanding. Be aware that the different departments in the intelligence community communicate with each other. Being disqualified/fired from one will make it harder to get a job with any other agency. Indeed, this can also travel to less security intense agencies within the government, so be on your best behavior at all times.
The adage that "Big Brother is watching you" can't be any truer than it is in the CIA or any government organization. You will be scrutinized and monitored on by your own peers without your knowledge, many of whom are working for other government organizations such as the FBI, NSA, or Homeland Security. Even if you are 100% trustworthy, chances are that they may pry into your personal life just for cheap thrills. If you're cheating on your spouse, having an online affair, visiting chatrooms, keeping a mistress on the side, visiting sex workers or hiring escorts, or have a freaky fetish, only to name a few examples, this kind of info may make it into someone's personal file on you, even if it's useless and trivial. It's still worth something to someone as a few good laughs at your expense. In a worst-case scenario, embarrassing little facts about your private life could be used as leverage against you. You may be shadowed by one of your own, even when you have no reason to believe they would be interested in what you do when you are not working. Expect your avenues of communication (phone, internet) to be monitored at any time. The overarching reason is that they want to make sure you're not involved in illegal enterprises, planning to sell secrets, or otherwise exploiting your position. They also want to ensure that you represent the epitome of traditional "Wholesome American values" and are not an exponent of anything they might perceive as deviant views or behavior. It is simply in your best interest to forgo any vices and live as spartan and staid a life as possible. You are not exactly joining an organization that values or promotes individualism, let alone individual privacy.
As a candidate, you should also expect the strong likelihood for recruiters to delve deeply into your past online activities as well. This includes social networking, web surfing habits, and anything else that can be traced back to your IP address. As you know, nothing ever disappears on the internet, and there is no true anonymity on the internet.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Familiarizing Yourself With the CIA\\nUnderstand what is involved in a CIA career before seeking to join the CIA.\\nWhile the spying side of the CIA might be the seeming glamor filled side you're hankering after, the Directorate of Operations (or \\\"clandestine service\\\" where the spies are located), is but one part of the CIA and a small part at that. The majority of CIA employees work in analytical positions, language positions and science, engineering, and technology positions. Matching your skills and aptitude to what you're best suited for may not see you working in the clandestine service positions at all, so be ready for this possibility. In addition, be prepared to become part of a family when joining the CIA, with expectations to uphold deep loyalty to others, and with possible ramifications on your outside-work socializing and relationships.\\nWhatever your position, a role in the CIA means that you're part of the first line of defense in a warning and protecting your fellow citizens. You will be working with people possessing high integrity, perception, analytical ability, and intellectual curiosity.\\nYou'll be expected to work in teams on many occasions, so you will have to have strong team skills.\\nYou'll be able to pursue career goals within the CIA and it's hoped that you'll remain with the CIA for the duration of your career.\\nThe Agency has its own community. The reason for this stems from the academic environment, as well as the nature of the work performed and the mission of the CIA. The CIA's George Bush Center has its own food court, fitness facilities, formal gardens and walking paths, company store, recreational and activity clubs, and artwork on display. In addition, there is a museum, a library, and the usual offices.\\nThe Agency considers its community a family, employing people from nearly all fields of study, united in their work and their service to the country.\\nBefore even embarking on the process of becoming a CIA officer, do some thorough background reading on what the CIA is about, what CIA officers do (not just spying.), as well as finding out about how much of the spying isn't what you'd gleaned from movies and TV shows.\\n2. Are You CIA Material?\\n2-1. Before starting the process, it might be a good idea to background check yourself.\\nIf you're not clean, then don't bother applying. Most importantly, you will be able to see if your background report contains any false information, so you will be prepared when they question you on it. You must use a service that is able to access the CIS database which is the exact same database that the CIA uses, If your name appears then they have your record available and you can prepare yourself.\\n2-2. Stay squeaky clean.\\nEvery single position requires a security clearance and you'll need to pass through very thorough background checks to clear this. The content and expectations of security checks are not known publicly (that would defeat their purpose) but it's fairly obvious that there are standard behaviors and activities that you should present, and others you must have avoided. For example: \\nDo not have a criminal record. Naturally, this includes not having participated in any activities against the USA's interests, whether or not these were criminal in nature.\\nDon't take drugs. The CIA states that you cannot have used illegal drugs within 12 months of your application or background check process. Illegal drug use at any time in your past can hurt your chances, however, so it's best to avoid any illegal drug altogether. In addition, don't abuse legal drugs, like alcohol or prescription drugs, as these can provide evidence of your character and future likelihood of re-abusing.\\nBe financially sound. This means that you don't gamble, over-invest, have a poor credit repayment record or have a bankruptcy in your background. No intelligence service wants to take a risk on a person who has poor financial management skills and is potentially open to bribery.\\nHave a good work track record and ethics. Whatever jobs you've had already, ensure that you've always given your best, being honest and ethical, and worked hard. Demonstrable loyalty and accountability in any work environment is an asset to your application.\\nBe highly trustworthy, reliable, and faithful. Background investigators will ask questions of people in your circle of acquaintances including family and friends. If they feedback positive information about you, this is good for you, as their assessment of your character builds.\\nUnderstand the importance of maintaining confidences and confidentiality. If you love to gossip, being in the CIA probably isn't a good choice for you; you'll need to be able to demonstrate that you can abide by regulations regarding the use, handling, and protection of sensitive information.\\nHave excellent strength of character, integrity, honesty, sound judgment, and loyalty to the United States. The CIA recognizes that no one is perfect. Security officials will consider the blemishes in your background according to their nature, extent, seriousness, and recency. They weigh the risk and benefit of each individual with the utmost care. If you've got everything else needed, the Agency won't necessarily turn you away if they consider you have important contributions to make to the nation's intelligence efforts.\\nHave squeaky clean parents and friends. While this may not always be possible, it's enormously helpful because any family member or friend with shady leanings could be a source of weakness for you if they fall into a spot of bother (aka \\\"potential for coercion\\\"). If there are issues surrounding this, talk to a CIA careers agent about your options, and always be truthful.\\n2-3. Be highly competent in your field.\\nThe CIA takes the best and the brightest students: CIA officers must have at least a bachelor's degree. Having an advanced degree can be helpful for most positions, and in many instances, is required, although the CIA also offers its own relevant undergraduate programs. Moreover, the CIA gets so many hundreds of applications per position that you'll need to ensure your skills, abilities, and studies stand out from the rest.\\nHave excellent grades through high school and college. Have at least a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale.\\nWhile there is no specific major to study, having studies with emphases on international relations (most internationally focused studies are likely to be of interest to a recruiter), law, political science, history, security studies, economics or finance (including international finance), mathematics, journalism, science (behavioral, physical, or computer), languages, sociology or psychology, and anything requiring analytical skills, can be to your advantage.\\n2-4. Learn other languages.\\nThe more, the better, but a master at least one other language really well. At the current time, languages in high demand include Mandarin, Farsi (Persian), Pashto, Dari, Russian, and Arabic, reflecting current world political and military \\\"hot spots\\\". Fluency is especially important if you're seeking a position in the clandestine service. Your language proficiency must be above and beyond mere college knowledge; you must demonstrate that you can speak it as well as a native. If you cannot, either keep improving it or inquire about on-the-job training potential for language improvement.\\n2-5. Be personable, flexible, and sociable.\\nThe best way to get information out of other people is to be a good talker and listener, to be someone who can connect with others with ease, as well as being able to put people at their ease. These skills are harder to learn than academic ones for some people, so if you don't feel comfortable around people, either brush up on the skills through reading or courses, or be less inclined to seek any positions that require interacting with \\\"assets\\\" (the clandestine service's term for spies - those people who assist CIA agents, often at great risk to their own lives or well-being), or with anyone else who might serve as a source of information.\\nLearn what makes people tick; learn people skills including how to make people like you and good conversation skills. You'll need to know how to \\\"schmooze\\\" and build rapport with people from all walks of life, in order to be able to spot, assess, develop, and recruit assets. You'll need to know how to feign interest in other people's interests and hobbies in order to build friendships or relationships with them to obtain information.\\nIf you have a problem with being likable, being a CIA officer is probably not a good option for you. Equally, arrogance, egoism and inflated self-importance will soon see you dropped from the training.\\nSee life's gray areas. If you see life in absolutes (\\\"he is wrong, I am right\\\"), then it's likely you're not going to be a good choice for the CIA. Inquiring minds, openness to discussion and possibilities, and the ability to see the more nuanced and complicated elements of every situation are an essential trait when you need to analyze things. Sometimes you will be asked to finesse things for the good of your national security that doesn't necessarily produce the best results for people in other nations. Is that something you can handle?\\n2-6. Be physically fit\\nYou will be put through rigorous physical testing and it will be expected that you can manage the physical tests. As well as the benefits of keeping fit, getting involved in both team and individual sports on a regular basis proves to your future potential CIA employers that you're willing to stay in shape, work in teams, and maintain your general health and well-being. Good stamina is also important if you work undercover, as you may be expected to work very long days without appearing tired or without losing your ability to think clearly; indeed, in a typical day you could spend the daytime creating a cover for yourself, and the night catching up with people you need to find information from.\\n2-7. Be mentally fit.\\nYou will be tested to your limits in training to see how you handle emotional pressure. In addition, if you do enter the clandestine service, you'll need to be able to deal with the mental pressures of being subjected to dangers and life-threatening situations. For example, if you're caught, you may be subjected to torture and even denial by your government of your existence. In addition, if your asset is caught by his or her own government, you will face the emotional issues related to how that person (and maybe his or her family) is then treated (sometimes they will suffer the death penalty). There will be many trying situations, and your mental health needs to be in top shape to be able to cope with the possibilities.\\n2-8. Be honest\\nExpect to be tested as much as it is possible to ensure the veracity of what you're telling the CIA. If accepted for the interview process, as well as periodically during employment, you'll be subjected to a polygraph. While polygraphy isn’t an exact science, CIA polygraph equipment is among the most thorough and the technicians working with our highly trained security professionals. These security professionals will generally err on the side of caution if they have any reason to believe you’re lying. It is during this testing that they'll be able to find out if you've lied about taking any illegal drugs, being disloyal, poor financial management, and so on. All test results are guarded and kept in the strictest of confidence. And don't expect the testing process to be breezy or comfortable; for starters, it's hardly a pleasant feeling to have others trying to \\\"catch you out,\\\" let alone being hooked up to a machine that could determine the fate of your future career.\\nExpect continued checks throughout your career with the CIA. You will be expected to undergo regular re-investigations (updates on your lifestyle, connections, etc.), and to continue taking polygraph tests.\\nBe ready to maintain high standards of professional conduct at all times, both at work and outside of work, for the duration of your CIA career.\\n2-9. Be prepared to relocate or travel.\\nA CIA job will often require that you move from your initial residence. In addition, many CIA positions will require frequent travel, which can be disturbing to home life if you're not already focused on how you'll cope with this (the CIA does offer childcare centers at some locations).\\nDo not underestimate the stress on your personal life. If you're the type of person who wants to come home at 5 every day and be regularly available to raise your family, work as an agent is not likely to provide that ease of child-raising and family togetherness for you. If you can't abide by this thought, consider looking for a different career. Many other CIA careers, however, do offer this type of stability.\\n2-10. Be a US citizen.\\nOnly US citizens may apply to join the CIA. If you don't have citizenship, obtain it.\\n3. Understanding the Application Process\\n3-1. Apply for a position with the CIA.\\nIf you're confident that you can pass the above initial requirements, it's time to apply. You can do this online, but be prepared for a lengthy process and the need to fill in a lot of information about yourself. The application process starts at: https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-jobs/index.html. Look for a specific position of interest, read through its requirements and ensure that you meet them. If you don't meet the minimum requirements, don't apply unless you have a very good reason, because you'll be wasting your time.\\nMake sure to follow the application deadlines and instructions to the letter. If you miss one thing, your application will be rejected.\\nSpruce up your resume, as this will need to be submitted along with the online application.\\nJob listings are updated regularly. This means that if you don't see something of interest, check back again frequently.\\n3-2. Be patient and wait.\\nThe vetting process can be lengthy, especially if you have numerous foreign contacts who need to be followed up as well. If you've been completely honest and open, this will speed up the checking process.\\nDon't write or call to check. You won't get a response.\\nAs a general rule, if the CIA is interested in your application, they will contact you within 45 days.\\nDon't give up. Keep trying – it may be that you selected a position that you weren't cut out for, or that had too many other highly qualified people competing with you and one small flaw in your application had yours rejected. Just keep trying for a reasonable time and your persistence may pay off. In some cases, it may mean they'll take you when your experience improves, so get that PhD, go for that military position, or do something else extraordinary that will catapult you into their notice.\\n3-3. Get ready for the next stage if you are successful in obtaining clearance and a conditional job offer.\\nAll initial offers are conditional; if you get one, there is still a long way to go before you can be hired. You will now need to undergo a series of physical, psychological, security, and intelligence tests to verify your suitability to join the Agency.\\nUndergo a medical exam and psychological exam. The medical is designed to ensure you're in adequate physical condition for the needs of the job, and also to test for drug use. The psychological exam assesses your intelligence, judgment, and mental stability.\\nWait for your background check to be completed. The background check is extremely thorough and often lengthy (it can take two years). The CIA website states: “The investigation addresses comprehensively one's loyalty to the United States, strength of character, trustworthiness, honesty, reliability, discretion, and soundness of judgment. In addition, it examines one's freedom from conflicting allegiances, potential for coercion, and willingness and ability to abide by regulations governing the use, handling and protection of sensitive information.”\\nPass the polygraph test (discussed above).\\n3-4. Accept or decline your job offer.\\nIf you make it through the selection process, you’re lucky: only about 17 percent of candidates presented with conditional offers pass the background check and exams. Now you can accept your job and get ready for training, after which you still might find yourself not ideal for the job!\\nParticipate in job training. For some positions, particularly those in the clandestine service, you may have a probationary training period during which you must successfully complete training for your specific position. You may have to relocate during your training period (about six months), and the Agency will usually not pay for relocation of your family during this time.\\nYou will not be an official case officer until you pass the rigorous training, which, depending on the position, can be very difficult.\\nTips\\nThe CIA frequently recruits at top colleges and universities in an effort to lure qualified candidates before they accept a position in the private sector. Be sure to attend career and job fairs at school.\\nYou will be required to keep things confidential. People skills are a plus for operations officers (spies), but if you have trouble keeping secrets, this is not for you.\\nThe CIA has a number of programs available for college students, including internships for both undergraduate and graduate students. The selection criteria are quite rigorous for these, and completion of a program doesn’t guarantee a job, but if you perform well during the internship you’ll have a good chance at a job offer.\\nWarnings\\nBe aware that salaries in the CIA are usually lower (sometime a lot lower) than those offered in the private sector for positions requiring similar education and experience. On the other hand, your job security is often better, provided you maintain high standards of personal conduct.\\nCIA training can result in making you a colder and more calculating person.\\nBe prepared to handle emotional stress. Training, as mentioned, is very intense (and at times, overwhelming). Once you're in for training, especially for the clandestine service, you'll be tested to your limits because they want to know your breaking point (if at all) before you're out on a job where others' lives are at risk. And if that comes sooner, rather than later, then you're less likely to succeed.\\nDo not lie on your application or at any time during the hiring process. The background checks are extraordinarily rigorous, and should they discover a lie, in most cases you'll be disqualified unless it's a clear misunderstanding. Be aware that the different departments in the intelligence community communicate with each other. Being disqualified/fired from one will make it harder to get a job with any other agency. Indeed, this can also travel to less security intense agencies within the government, so be on your best behavior at all times.\\nThe adage that \\\"Big Brother is watching you\\\" can't be any truer than it is in the CIA or any government organization. You will be scrutinized and monitored on by your own peers without your knowledge, many of whom are working for other government organizations such as the FBI, NSA, or Homeland Security. Even if you are 100% trustworthy, chances are that they may pry into your personal life just for cheap thrills. If you're cheating on your spouse, having an online affair, visiting chatrooms, keeping a mistress on the side, visiting sex workers or hiring escorts, or have a freaky fetish, only to name a few examples, this kind of info may make it into someone's personal file on you, even if it's useless and trivial. It's still worth something to someone as a few good laughs at your expense. In a worst-case scenario, embarrassing little facts about your private life could be used as leverage against you. You may be shadowed by one of your own, even when you have no reason to believe they would be interested in what you do when you are not working. Expect your avenues of communication (phone, internet) to be monitored at any time. The overarching reason is that they want to make sure you're not involved in illegal enterprises, planning to sell secrets, or otherwise exploiting your position. They also want to ensure that you represent the epitome of traditional \\\"Wholesome American values\\\" and are not an exponent of anything they might perceive as deviant views or behavior. It is simply in your best interest to forgo any vices and live as spartan and staid a life as possible. You are not exactly joining an organization that values or promotes individualism, let alone individual privacy.\\nAs a candidate, you should also expect the strong likelihood for recruiters to delve deeply into your past online activities as well. This includes social networking, web surfing habits, and anything else that can be traced back to your IP address. As you know, nothing ever disappears on the internet, and there is no true anonymity on the internet.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're smart, have a college degree, are ready to serve your country, and are ambitious, becoming a part of the CIA is a future career option for you. Provided you're a U.S. citizen and you meet all the required qualifications and background checks, you are eligible to apply for a job with the CIA. Keep in mind that the process is competitive (as with all government positions) and that there are many reasons for turning down applicants. In spite of that reality, it's important to give it your best shot if it's your dream career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarizing Yourself With the CIA\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what is involved in a CIA career before seeking to join the CIA.\", \"描述\": \"While the spying side of the CIA might be the seeming glamor filled side you're hankering after, the Directorate of Operations (or \\\"clandestine service\\\" where the spies are located), is but one part of the CIA and a small part at that. The majority of CIA employees work in analytical positions, language positions and science, engineering, and technology positions. Matching your skills and aptitude to what you're best suited for may not see you working in the clandestine service positions at all, so be ready for this possibility. In addition, be prepared to become part of a family when joining the CIA, with expectations to uphold deep loyalty to others, and with possible ramifications on your outside-work socializing and relationships.\\nWhatever your position, a role in the CIA means that you're part of the first line of defense in a warning and protecting your fellow citizens. You will be working with people possessing high integrity, perception, analytical ability, and intellectual curiosity.\\nYou'll be expected to work in teams on many occasions, so you will have to have strong team skills.\\nYou'll be able to pursue career goals within the CIA and it's hoped that you'll remain with the CIA for the duration of your career.\\nThe Agency has its own community. The reason for this stems from the academic environment, as well as the nature of the work performed and the mission of the CIA. The CIA's George Bush Center has its own food court, fitness facilities, formal gardens and walking paths, company store, recreational and activity clubs, and artwork on display. In addition, there is a museum, a library, and the usual offices.\\nThe Agency considers its community a family, employing people from nearly all fields of study, united in their work and their service to the country.\\nBefore even embarking on the process of becoming a CIA officer, do some thorough background reading on what the CIA is about, what CIA officers do (not just spying.), as well as finding out about how much of the spying isn't what you'd gleaned from movies and TV shows.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Are You CIA Material?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Before starting the process, it might be a good idea to background check yourself.\", \"描述\": \"If you're not clean, then don't bother applying. Most importantly, you will be able to see if your background report contains any false information, so you will be prepared when they question you on it. You must use a service that is able to access the CIS database which is the exact same database that the CIA uses, If your name appears then they have your record available and you can prepare yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay squeaky clean.\", \"描述\": \"Every single position requires a security clearance and you'll need to pass through very thorough background checks to clear this. The content and expectations of security checks are not known publicly (that would defeat their purpose) but it's fairly obvious that there are standard behaviors and activities that you should present, and others you must have avoided. For example: \\nDo not have a criminal record. Naturally, this includes not having participated in any activities against the USA's interests, whether or not these were criminal in nature.\\nDon't take drugs. The CIA states that you cannot have used illegal drugs within 12 months of your application or background check process. Illegal drug use at any time in your past can hurt your chances, however, so it's best to avoid any illegal drug altogether. In addition, don't abuse legal drugs, like alcohol or prescription drugs, as these can provide evidence of your character and future likelihood of re-abusing.\\nBe financially sound. This means that you don't gamble, over-invest, have a poor credit repayment record or have a bankruptcy in your background. No intelligence service wants to take a risk on a person who has poor financial management skills and is potentially open to bribery.\\nHave a good work track record and ethics. Whatever jobs you've had already, ensure that you've always given your best, being honest and ethical, and worked hard. Demonstrable loyalty and accountability in any work environment is an asset to your application.\\nBe highly trustworthy, reliable, and faithful. Background investigators will ask questions of people in your circle of acquaintances including family and friends. If they feedback positive information about you, this is good for you, as their assessment of your character builds.\\nUnderstand the importance of maintaining confidences and confidentiality. If you love to gossip, being in the CIA probably isn't a good choice for you; you'll need to be able to demonstrate that you can abide by regulations regarding the use, handling, and protection of sensitive information.\\nHave excellent strength of character, integrity, honesty, sound judgment, and loyalty to the United States. The CIA recognizes that no one is perfect. Security officials will consider the blemishes in your background according to their nature, extent, seriousness, and recency. They weigh the risk and benefit of each individual with the utmost care. If you've got everything else needed, the Agency won't necessarily turn you away if they consider you have important contributions to make to the nation's intelligence efforts.\\nHave squeaky clean parents and friends. While this may not always be possible, it's enormously helpful because any family member or friend with shady leanings could be a source of weakness for you if they fall into a spot of bother (aka \\\"potential for coercion\\\"). If there are issues surrounding this, talk to a CIA careers agent about your options, and always be truthful.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be highly competent in your field.\", \"描述\": \"The CIA takes the best and the brightest students: CIA officers must have at least a bachelor's degree. Having an advanced degree can be helpful for most positions, and in many instances, is required, although the CIA also offers its own relevant undergraduate programs. Moreover, the CIA gets so many hundreds of applications per position that you'll need to ensure your skills, abilities, and studies stand out from the rest.\\nHave excellent grades through high school and college. Have at least a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale.\\nWhile there is no specific major to study, having studies with emphases on international relations (most internationally focused studies are likely to be of interest to a recruiter), law, political science, history, security studies, economics or finance (including international finance), mathematics, journalism, science (behavioral, physical, or computer), languages, sociology or psychology, and anything requiring analytical skills, can be to your advantage.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn other languages.\", \"描述\": \"The more, the better, but a master at least one other language really well. At the current time, languages in high demand include Mandarin, Farsi (Persian), Pashto, Dari, Russian, and Arabic, reflecting current world political and military \\\"hot spots\\\". Fluency is especially important if you're seeking a position in the clandestine service. Your language proficiency must be above and beyond mere college knowledge; you must demonstrate that you can speak it as well as a native. If you cannot, either keep improving it or inquire about on-the-job training potential for language improvement.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be personable, flexible, and sociable.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to get information out of other people is to be a good talker and listener, to be someone who can connect with others with ease, as well as being able to put people at their ease. These skills are harder to learn than academic ones for some people, so if you don't feel comfortable around people, either brush up on the skills through reading or courses, or be less inclined to seek any positions that require interacting with \\\"assets\\\" (the clandestine service's term for spies - those people who assist CIA agents, often at great risk to their own lives or well-being), or with anyone else who might serve as a source of information.\\nLearn what makes people tick; learn people skills including how to make people like you and good conversation skills. You'll need to know how to \\\"schmooze\\\" and build rapport with people from all walks of life, in order to be able to spot, assess, develop, and recruit assets. You'll need to know how to feign interest in other people's interests and hobbies in order to build friendships or relationships with them to obtain information.\\nIf you have a problem with being likable, being a CIA officer is probably not a good option for you. Equally, arrogance, egoism and inflated self-importance will soon see you dropped from the training.\\nSee life's gray areas. If you see life in absolutes (\\\"he is wrong, I am right\\\"), then it's likely you're not going to be a good choice for the CIA. Inquiring minds, openness to discussion and possibilities, and the ability to see the more nuanced and complicated elements of every situation are an essential trait when you need to analyze things. Sometimes you will be asked to finesse things for the good of your national security that doesn't necessarily produce the best results for people in other nations. Is that something you can handle?\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be physically fit\", \"描述\": \"You will be put through rigorous physical testing and it will be expected that you can manage the physical tests. As well as the benefits of keeping fit, getting involved in both team and individual sports on a regular basis proves to your future potential CIA employers that you're willing to stay in shape, work in teams, and maintain your general health and well-being. Good stamina is also important if you work undercover, as you may be expected to work very long days without appearing tired or without losing your ability to think clearly; indeed, in a typical day you could spend the daytime creating a cover for yourself, and the night catching up with people you need to find information from.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be mentally fit.\", \"描述\": \"You will be tested to your limits in training to see how you handle emotional pressure. In addition, if you do enter the clandestine service, you'll need to be able to deal with the mental pressures of being subjected to dangers and life-threatening situations. For example, if you're caught, you may be subjected to torture and even denial by your government of your existence. In addition, if your asset is caught by his or her own government, you will face the emotional issues related to how that person (and maybe his or her family) is then treated (sometimes they will suffer the death penalty). There will be many trying situations, and your mental health needs to be in top shape to be able to cope with the possibilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be honest\", \"描述\": \"Expect to be tested as much as it is possible to ensure the veracity of what you're telling the CIA. If accepted for the interview process, as well as periodically during employment, you'll be subjected to a polygraph. While polygraphy isn’t an exact science, CIA polygraph equipment is among the most thorough and the technicians working with our highly trained security professionals. These security professionals will generally err on the side of caution if they have any reason to believe you’re lying. It is during this testing that they'll be able to find out if you've lied about taking any illegal drugs, being disloyal, poor financial management, and so on. All test results are guarded and kept in the strictest of confidence. And don't expect the testing process to be breezy or comfortable; for starters, it's hardly a pleasant feeling to have others trying to \\\"catch you out,\\\" let alone being hooked up to a machine that could determine the fate of your future career.\\nExpect continued checks throughout your career with the CIA. You will be expected to undergo regular re-investigations (updates on your lifestyle, connections, etc.), and to continue taking polygraph tests.\\nBe ready to maintain high standards of professional conduct at all times, both at work and outside of work, for the duration of your CIA career.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to relocate or travel.\", \"描述\": \"A CIA job will often require that you move from your initial residence. In addition, many CIA positions will require frequent travel, which can be disturbing to home life if you're not already focused on how you'll cope with this (the CIA does offer childcare centers at some locations).\\nDo not underestimate the stress on your personal life. If you're the type of person who wants to come home at 5 every day and be regularly available to raise your family, work as an agent is not likely to provide that ease of child-raising and family togetherness for you. If you can't abide by this thought, consider looking for a different career. Many other CIA careers, however, do offer this type of stability.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Be a US citizen.\", \"描述\": \"Only US citizens may apply to join the CIA. If you don't have citizenship, obtain it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understanding the Application Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for a position with the CIA.\", \"描述\": \"If you're confident that you can pass the above initial requirements, it's time to apply. You can do this online, but be prepared for a lengthy process and the need to fill in a lot of information about yourself. The application process starts at: https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-jobs/index.html. Look for a specific position of interest, read through its requirements and ensure that you meet them. If you don't meet the minimum requirements, don't apply unless you have a very good reason, because you'll be wasting your time.\\nMake sure to follow the application deadlines and instructions to the letter. If you miss one thing, your application will be rejected.\\nSpruce up your resume, as this will need to be submitted along with the online application.\\nJob listings are updated regularly. This means that if you don't see something of interest, check back again frequently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be patient and wait.\", \"描述\": \"The vetting process can be lengthy, especially if you have numerous foreign contacts who need to be followed up as well. If you've been completely honest and open, this will speed up the checking process.\\nDon't write or call to check. You won't get a response.\\nAs a general rule, if the CIA is interested in your application, they will contact you within 45 days.\\nDon't give up. Keep trying – it may be that you selected a position that you weren't cut out for, or that had too many other highly qualified people competing with you and one small flaw in your application had yours rejected. Just keep trying for a reasonable time and your persistence may pay off. In some cases, it may mean they'll take you when your experience improves, so get that PhD, go for that military position, or do something else extraordinary that will catapult you into their notice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get ready for the next stage if you are successful in obtaining clearance and a conditional job offer.\", \"描述\": \"All initial offers are conditional; if you get one, there is still a long way to go before you can be hired. You will now need to undergo a series of physical, psychological, security, and intelligence tests to verify your suitability to join the Agency.\\nUndergo a medical exam and psychological exam. The medical is designed to ensure you're in adequate physical condition for the needs of the job, and also to test for drug use. The psychological exam assesses your intelligence, judgment, and mental stability.\\nWait for your background check to be completed. The background check is extremely thorough and often lengthy (it can take two years). The CIA website states: “The investigation addresses comprehensively one's loyalty to the United States, strength of character, trustworthiness, honesty, reliability, discretion, and soundness of judgment. In addition, it examines one's freedom from conflicting allegiances, potential for coercion, and willingness and ability to abide by regulations governing the use, handling and protection of sensitive information.”\\nPass the polygraph test (discussed above).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Accept or decline your job offer.\", \"描述\": \"If you make it through the selection process, you’re lucky: only about 17 percent of candidates presented with conditional offers pass the background check and exams. Now you can accept your job and get ready for training, after which you still might find yourself not ideal for the job!\\nParticipate in job training. For some positions, particularly those in the clandestine service, you may have a probationary training period during which you must successfully complete training for your specific position. You may have to relocate during your training period (about six months), and the Agency will usually not pay for relocation of your family during this time.\\nYou will not be an official case officer until you pass the rigorous training, which, depending on the position, can be very difficult.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The CIA frequently recruits at top colleges and universities in an effort to lure qualified candidates before they accept a position in the private sector. Be sure to attend career and job fairs at school.\\n\", \"You will be required to keep things confidential. People skills are a plus for operations officers (spies), but if you have trouble keeping secrets, this is not for you.\\n\", \"The CIA has a number of programs available for college students, including internships for both undergraduate and graduate students. The selection criteria are quite rigorous for these, and completion of a program doesn’t guarantee a job, but if you perform well during the internship you’ll have a good chance at a job offer.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be aware that salaries in the CIA are usually lower (sometime a lot lower) than those offered in the private sector for positions requiring similar education and experience. On the other hand, your job security is often better, provided you maintain high standards of personal conduct.\\n\", \"CIA training can result in making you a colder and more calculating person.\\n\", \"Be prepared to handle emotional stress. Training, as mentioned, is very intense (and at times, overwhelming). Once you're in for training, especially for the clandestine service, you'll be tested to your limits because they want to know your breaking point (if at all) before you're out on a job where others' lives are at risk. And if that comes sooner, rather than later, then you're less likely to succeed.\\n\", \"Do not lie on your application or at any time during the hiring process. The background checks are extraordinarily rigorous, and should they discover a lie, in most cases you'll be disqualified unless it's a clear misunderstanding. Be aware that the different departments in the intelligence community communicate with each other. Being disqualified/fired from one will make it harder to get a job with any other agency. Indeed, this can also travel to less security intense agencies within the government, so be on your best behavior at all times.\\n\", \"The adage that \\\"Big Brother is watching you\\\" can't be any truer than it is in the CIA or any government organization. You will be scrutinized and monitored on by your own peers without your knowledge, many of whom are working for other government organizations such as the FBI, NSA, or Homeland Security. Even if you are 100% trustworthy, chances are that they may pry into your personal life just for cheap thrills. If you're cheating on your spouse, having an online affair, visiting chatrooms, keeping a mistress on the side, visiting sex workers or hiring escorts, or have a freaky fetish, only to name a few examples, this kind of info may make it into someone's personal file on you, even if it's useless and trivial. It's still worth something to someone as a few good laughs at your expense. In a worst-case scenario, embarrassing little facts about your private life could be used as leverage against you. You may be shadowed by one of your own, even when you have no reason to believe they would be interested in what you do when you are not working. Expect your avenues of communication (phone, internet) to be monitored at any time. The overarching reason is that they want to make sure you're not involved in illegal enterprises, planning to sell secrets, or otherwise exploiting your position. They also want to ensure that you represent the epitome of traditional \\\"Wholesome American values\\\" and are not an exponent of anything they might perceive as deviant views or behavior. It is simply in your best interest to forgo any vices and live as spartan and staid a life as possible. You are not exactly joining an organization that values or promotes individualism, let alone individual privacy.\\nAs a candidate, you should also expect the strong likelihood for recruiters to delve deeply into your past online activities as well. This includes social networking, web surfing habits, and anything else that can be traced back to your IP address. As you know, nothing ever disappears on the internet, and there is no true anonymity on the internet.\\n\"]}]}}",
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5,228 |
How to Become a CTO
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1. Obtaining a Solid Educational Background
1-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree in a relevant STEM field.
Depending on the type of company you would like to work for, you will need a four-year undergraduate degree in a field such as computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, or electrical engineering. If you are interested in working for a health-related technology company, you may consider pursuing a biotechnology degree. Some CTOs have studied math in college.
Receiving a degree from an engineering school or university with a strong technical reputation will set you apart from other candidates. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, the University of California-Berkley, and the Georgia Institute for Technology typically rank among the top engineering schools.
1-2. Complete a graduate degree.
Obtaining a graduate degree demonstrates that you have advanced training and skills as well as perseverance and focus. There is no secret to determining what type of advanced degree you should pursue. Some CTOs have masters or doctoral degrees in STEM fields.
Because being a CTO requires a thorough understanding of all aspects of business, many successful CTOs choose to obtain a masters degree in business administration (MBA). As a CTO, you’ll need to be confident in finance, accounting, and management and an MBA could help you develop these skills.
Keep in mind that an advanced degree is not a necessary requirement for becoming a CTO. In some cases, many years of experience and success working on the job may substitute for a graduate degree.
1-3. Obtain relevant technical certifications to demonstrate your expertise.
Beyond your undergraduate and graduate degrees, technical certifications can indicate to employers that you have mastered specific technical skills. The type of certifications you should seek will vary depending on your specific field of focus. Ask others in the field whether technical certifications in various programming languages, information security, or systems design might be most beneficial.
Technical certifications often involve taking classes and passing an exam to prove your proficiency. Most certification courses charge a fee, but before enrolling check with your current company to see whether the cost could be covered through a professional development plan.
Before you break the bank on loads of certifications, however, keep in mind that technical certificates alone won’t land you a new job or promotion. Employers are likely to pay closer attention to how you apply and adapt your skills on the job rather than the certificate itself.
2. Building Work Experience and a Professional Network
2-1. Obtain a diversity of industry experience.
The average CTO has worked for an average of 4 different companies and held an average of 8 different positions for a range of 1 to 5 years each by the time they reach the CTO level. Obtaining a diverse range of experience will help you build a reservoir of on the job knowledge that will prepare you to respond to future challenges as CTO.
CTOs especially need to be aware of different aspects of business beyond technological development, such as marketing, sales, and finance. Seek out work experience in these areas in order to make yourself a more attractive CTO candidate.
CTOs supervise large groups of people. Make sure to seek out managerial or supervisory experience.
Working for several different companies will also give you a sense of how different corporate structures and approaches impact technological development and growth. This experience can help you craft your own vision for business success as a CTO.
2-2. Start at a smaller company to become a CTO more quickly.
On average, it takes 24 years of working after leaving higher education to become a CTO. CTO is a top leadership position and requires many years of hard work and experience. One method to fast-track your way to the CTO level, however, is to begin at a smaller company such as a tech start-up.
This can be a great way to get your foot in the door initially and to gain valuable experience you’ll use as a stepping stone for landing a CTO position at a major firm.
2-3. Make strategic business connections to develop a solid professional network.
Meeting engineers, technology professionals, and managers early in your career can help you stay abreast of current trends and developments. Also, having already established a good connection and reputation with someone who works at the company where you are applying could improve your chances of being hired.
Make an effort to attend national conferences and industry-specific workshops in order to meet other professionals. Give presentations and share your ideas where possible.
People don’t want to work with individuals they don’t like or trust. Having good working relationships with a broad range of different people is crucial for your success as a CTO.
3. Honing Key Professional Skills
3-1. Stay on the cutting edge of technological development.
CTOs are expected to think creatively about the future of technological development and its business applications. As a CTO you will need to stay on top of the latest theories and fundamental advances in fields such as computer science. In order to move your business in successful new directions, you’ll need to anticipate where technology trends are headed.
Several key areas that are currently considered cutting-edge fields include artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT) technologies, and cyber security. Learn about these fields and the direction in which they are moving.
3-2. Learn to lead a collaborative team.
Good collaboration is a key aspect of any successful business or team and as the CTO you should be able to build a collaborative working environment through your leadership. You will not only need to manage the work of your employees, but also inspire them to share your vision and big-picture goals.
To be a good team leader you will need to be able to listen effectively and resolve conflicts. Seek out management workshops and training to enhance your skills as a motivating leader.
3-3. Perfect your communication skills.
CTOs need to be able to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. As CTO you will need to be able to communicate complex technical ideas to marketing and sales directors as well as to major corporate stakeholders. This will be difficult to do if you do not have ample practice putting your ideas into words. The success of your whole technology team will depend on effective communication and good communication can start with you!
Consider taking technical or business writing courses to learn tips for communicating clearly.
Start practicing speaking in front of large groups of people by presenting your research at conferences or joining a Toastmasters club (public speaking groups that are organized throughout the country).
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Obtaining a Solid Educational Background\\n1-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree in a relevant STEM field.\\nDepending on the type of company you would like to work for, you will need a four-year undergraduate degree in a field such as computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, or electrical engineering. If you are interested in working for a health-related technology company, you may consider pursuing a biotechnology degree. Some CTOs have studied math in college.\\nReceiving a degree from an engineering school or university with a strong technical reputation will set you apart from other candidates. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, the University of California-Berkley, and the Georgia Institute for Technology typically rank among the top engineering schools.\\n1-2. Complete a graduate degree.\\nObtaining a graduate degree demonstrates that you have advanced training and skills as well as perseverance and focus. There is no secret to determining what type of advanced degree you should pursue. Some CTOs have masters or doctoral degrees in STEM fields.\\nBecause being a CTO requires a thorough understanding of all aspects of business, many successful CTOs choose to obtain a masters degree in business administration (MBA). As a CTO, you’ll need to be confident in finance, accounting, and management and an MBA could help you develop these skills.\\nKeep in mind that an advanced degree is not a necessary requirement for becoming a CTO. In some cases, many years of experience and success working on the job may substitute for a graduate degree.\\n1-3. Obtain relevant technical certifications to demonstrate your expertise.\\nBeyond your undergraduate and graduate degrees, technical certifications can indicate to employers that you have mastered specific technical skills. The type of certifications you should seek will vary depending on your specific field of focus. Ask others in the field whether technical certifications in various programming languages, information security, or systems design might be most beneficial.\\nTechnical certifications often involve taking classes and passing an exam to prove your proficiency. Most certification courses charge a fee, but before enrolling check with your current company to see whether the cost could be covered through a professional development plan.\\nBefore you break the bank on loads of certifications, however, keep in mind that technical certificates alone won’t land you a new job or promotion. Employers are likely to pay closer attention to how you apply and adapt your skills on the job rather than the certificate itself.\\n2. Building Work Experience and a Professional Network\\n2-1. Obtain a diversity of industry experience.\\nThe average CTO has worked for an average of 4 different companies and held an average of 8 different positions for a range of 1 to 5 years each by the time they reach the CTO level. Obtaining a diverse range of experience will help you build a reservoir of on the job knowledge that will prepare you to respond to future challenges as CTO.\\nCTOs especially need to be aware of different aspects of business beyond technological development, such as marketing, sales, and finance. Seek out work experience in these areas in order to make yourself a more attractive CTO candidate.\\nCTOs supervise large groups of people. Make sure to seek out managerial or supervisory experience.\\nWorking for several different companies will also give you a sense of how different corporate structures and approaches impact technological development and growth. This experience can help you craft your own vision for business success as a CTO.\\n2-2. Start at a smaller company to become a CTO more quickly.\\nOn average, it takes 24 years of working after leaving higher education to become a CTO. CTO is a top leadership position and requires many years of hard work and experience. One method to fast-track your way to the CTO level, however, is to begin at a smaller company such as a tech start-up.\\nThis can be a great way to get your foot in the door initially and to gain valuable experience you’ll use as a stepping stone for landing a CTO position at a major firm.\\n2-3. Make strategic business connections to develop a solid professional network.\\nMeeting engineers, technology professionals, and managers early in your career can help you stay abreast of current trends and developments. Also, having already established a good connection and reputation with someone who works at the company where you are applying could improve your chances of being hired.\\nMake an effort to attend national conferences and industry-specific workshops in order to meet other professionals. Give presentations and share your ideas where possible.\\nPeople don’t want to work with individuals they don’t like or trust. Having good working relationships with a broad range of different people is crucial for your success as a CTO.\\n3. Honing Key Professional Skills\\n3-1. Stay on the cutting edge of technological development.\\nCTOs are expected to think creatively about the future of technological development and its business applications. As a CTO you will need to stay on top of the latest theories and fundamental advances in fields such as computer science. In order to move your business in successful new directions, you’ll need to anticipate where technology trends are headed.\\nSeveral key areas that are currently considered cutting-edge fields include artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT) technologies, and cyber security. Learn about these fields and the direction in which they are moving.\\n3-2. Learn to lead a collaborative team.\\nGood collaboration is a key aspect of any successful business or team and as the CTO you should be able to build a collaborative working environment through your leadership. You will not only need to manage the work of your employees, but also inspire them to share your vision and big-picture goals.\\nTo be a good team leader you will need to be able to listen effectively and resolve conflicts. Seek out management workshops and training to enhance your skills as a motivating leader.\\n3-3. Perfect your communication skills.\\nCTOs need to be able to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. As CTO you will need to be able to communicate complex technical ideas to marketing and sales directors as well as to major corporate stakeholders. This will be difficult to do if you do not have ample practice putting your ideas into words. The success of your whole technology team will depend on effective communication and good communication can start with you!\\nConsider taking technical or business writing courses to learn tips for communicating clearly.\\nStart practicing speaking in front of large groups of people by presenting your research at conferences or joining a Toastmasters club (public speaking groups that are organized throughout the country).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A chief technology officer (CTO) is a member of a company’s executive leadership team responsible for developing and managing technologies and strategies that lead to a business’s external growth. CTOs can now be found in many different technology-based industries. Becoming a CTO is a difficult process that takes many years of training and experience. After better understanding what it takes to become a CTO and the crucial skills you will need to develop, though, you can start working your way toward your dream CTO job!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtaining a Solid Educational Background\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree in a relevant STEM field.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the type of company you would like to work for, you will need a four-year undergraduate degree in a field such as computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, or electrical engineering. If you are interested in working for a health-related technology company, you may consider pursuing a biotechnology degree. Some CTOs have studied math in college.\\nReceiving a degree from an engineering school or university with a strong technical reputation will set you apart from other candidates. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, the University of California-Berkley, and the Georgia Institute for Technology typically rank among the top engineering schools.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete a graduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"Obtaining a graduate degree demonstrates that you have advanced training and skills as well as perseverance and focus. There is no secret to determining what type of advanced degree you should pursue. Some CTOs have masters or doctoral degrees in STEM fields.\\nBecause being a CTO requires a thorough understanding of all aspects of business, many successful CTOs choose to obtain a masters degree in business administration (MBA). As a CTO, you’ll need to be confident in finance, accounting, and management and an MBA could help you develop these skills.\\nKeep in mind that an advanced degree is not a necessary requirement for becoming a CTO. In some cases, many years of experience and success working on the job may substitute for a graduate degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain relevant technical certifications to demonstrate your expertise.\", \"描述\": \"Beyond your undergraduate and graduate degrees, technical certifications can indicate to employers that you have mastered specific technical skills. The type of certifications you should seek will vary depending on your specific field of focus. Ask others in the field whether technical certifications in various programming languages, information security, or systems design might be most beneficial.\\nTechnical certifications often involve taking classes and passing an exam to prove your proficiency. Most certification courses charge a fee, but before enrolling check with your current company to see whether the cost could be covered through a professional development plan.\\nBefore you break the bank on loads of certifications, however, keep in mind that technical certificates alone won’t land you a new job or promotion. Employers are likely to pay closer attention to how you apply and adapt your skills on the job rather than the certificate itself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Work Experience and a Professional Network\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a diversity of industry experience.\", \"描述\": \"The average CTO has worked for an average of 4 different companies and held an average of 8 different positions for a range of 1 to 5 years each by the time they reach the CTO level. Obtaining a diverse range of experience will help you build a reservoir of on the job knowledge that will prepare you to respond to future challenges as CTO.\\nCTOs especially need to be aware of different aspects of business beyond technological development, such as marketing, sales, and finance. Seek out work experience in these areas in order to make yourself a more attractive CTO candidate.\\nCTOs supervise large groups of people. Make sure to seek out managerial or supervisory experience.\\nWorking for several different companies will also give you a sense of how different corporate structures and approaches impact technological development and growth. This experience can help you craft your own vision for business success as a CTO.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start at a smaller company to become a CTO more quickly.\", \"描述\": \"On average, it takes 24 years of working after leaving higher education to become a CTO. CTO is a top leadership position and requires many years of hard work and experience. One method to fast-track your way to the CTO level, however, is to begin at a smaller company such as a tech start-up.\\nThis can be a great way to get your foot in the door initially and to gain valuable experience you’ll use as a stepping stone for landing a CTO position at a major firm.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make strategic business connections to develop a solid professional network.\", \"描述\": \"Meeting engineers, technology professionals, and managers early in your career can help you stay abreast of current trends and developments. Also, having already established a good connection and reputation with someone who works at the company where you are applying could improve your chances of being hired.\\nMake an effort to attend national conferences and industry-specific workshops in order to meet other professionals. Give presentations and share your ideas where possible.\\nPeople don’t want to work with individuals they don’t like or trust. Having good working relationships with a broad range of different people is crucial for your success as a CTO.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Honing Key Professional Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay on the cutting edge of technological development.\", \"描述\": \"CTOs are expected to think creatively about the future of technological development and its business applications. As a CTO you will need to stay on top of the latest theories and fundamental advances in fields such as computer science. In order to move your business in successful new directions, you’ll need to anticipate where technology trends are headed.\\nSeveral key areas that are currently considered cutting-edge fields include artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT) technologies, and cyber security. Learn about these fields and the direction in which they are moving.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn to lead a collaborative team.\", \"描述\": \"Good collaboration is a key aspect of any successful business or team and as the CTO you should be able to build a collaborative working environment through your leadership. You will not only need to manage the work of your employees, but also inspire them to share your vision and big-picture goals.\\nTo be a good team leader you will need to be able to listen effectively and resolve conflicts. Seek out management workshops and training to enhance your skills as a motivating leader.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Perfect your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"CTOs need to be able to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. As CTO you will need to be able to communicate complex technical ideas to marketing and sales directors as well as to major corporate stakeholders. This will be difficult to do if you do not have ample practice putting your ideas into words. The success of your whole technology team will depend on effective communication and good communication can start with you!\\nConsider taking technical or business writing courses to learn tips for communicating clearly.\\nStart practicing speaking in front of large groups of people by presenting your research at conferences or joining a Toastmasters club (public speaking groups that are organized throughout the country).\"}]}]}}",
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How to Become a Cage Fighter
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1. Learning to Fight
1-1. Decide which fighting styles you want to adopt.
Cage fighters can draw on a wide variety of martial arts techniques. You might choose to specialize in one particular area, or borrow a bit from a variety of martial arts styles. For instance, you might incorporate elements from jiu-jitsu, taekwondo, karate, krav maga, or kung fu into your repertoire.
Watch a few videos of different martial arts styles online to decide which ones you find most attractive.
All martial arts styles have unique strengths and weaknesses, and offer unique challenges to different people. For instance, if you have wrestling experience, you might find it easy to learn jiu-jitsu, which has similar holds.
You can always learn new styles later if you find that your particular mix of martial arts know-how isn’t cutting it.
1-2. Take classes at a martial arts gym.
Once you’ve decide which styles you’re interested in learning, you’ll need to find a place nearby where you can receive training. When preparing to become a cage fighter, the best training gym is a mixed martial arts gym. However, these are exceedingly rare, so you’ll likely need to join a gym that specializes in a particular combat style (like karate or taekwondo).
Check online or thumb through your phone book for martial arts gyms in your area.
Try to find a gym that has a few current or former cage fighters. Their experience and tips will help you become a great fighter.
A good gym will be nearby and not too expensive.
1-3. Enhance your training with books and videos.
Nothing is as valuable for developing your fighting technique as hands-on experience and training in a gym. However, you can often gain valuable insights from books and videos, too.
There are many books about cage fighting strategies and movements.
Search online for cage fighter training videos, too, which can be useful for learning new moves. Browse online marketplaces for cage fighting DVDs if you want an offline video experience.
The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Bellator MMA (BMMA) are among the top cage fighting organizations. Watch some of these fights and take notes.
1-4. Do some pad work.
Pad work is a useful training exercise in which a partner wears large pads over their hands and moves them around while you try to punch them. These exercises can improve your reaction time and endurance.
There is no right or wrong amount of time to engage in pad work, but you’ll probably go for two or three rounds with your partner, and each round will probably last three to five minutes.
1-5. Spar with a partner.
Sparring consists of engaging in mock cage fights. You and a partner will engage each other at close to full power. Your goal in sparring is not to actually hurt your opponent but to test your speed, power, and endurance. By testing yourself regularly in this way, you’ll develop the ability to hurt your opponent if you were participating in a real cage fight.
To improve safety, you and your partner should wear padding on your body and head during your sparring session.
2. Achieving Peak Performance
2-1. Identify and develop your strengths.
If you have solid punching power, focus on striking. If you have wrestling experience from high school or college, focus on improving your grappling and takedowns.
Even as you identify and develop your strengths, work to improve areas you are less knowledgeable about. Avoid any deficiency in a particular area of training.
2-2. Do strength training.
2-3.
When lifting, you should feel tired after two or three sets of 12-15 repetitions. If you’re unsure of how much weight you should be lifting, start by lifting the lowest amount of weight possible, then slowly add weight in small increments.
Focus equally on your arms and legs. Use the leg press and leg lifting machines to improve leg strength.
2-4. Do some cardio.
Cardio training will help you develop endurance.
2-5.
Additionally, you could ride a bike, go running, jump rope, and go swimming. Mix these exercises up in any order and engage in each for at least 30 minutes at a time.
2-6. Train 35-40 hours each week.
Training regularly is the only way you’ll be able to step into the cage and hurt your opponent while evading their attacks. Training at this level will enable you to become the best cage fighter you can be.
When you’re an up-and-coming fighter, you might need to maintain this level of training even while working full time.
2-7. Divide up your time at the gym with the help of your coach or trainer.
The way you should divide your time at the gym (between sparring, cardio, strength training, and so on) will vary depending on your individual needs. Consult the cage fighting trainers at your gym (or the head trainer or coach if you’re not training at an MMA gym). Work with this coach or trainer to develop a workout plan that will improve your overall fitness and enable you to achieve victory in your next cage fight.
Some fighters work with multiple coaches or trainers to gain exposure to a broad array of training approaches, each of which might emphasize different fighting styles or ways to improve your fitness.
2-8. Adopt a diet high in protein, vegetables, and whole grains.
Cage fighters rarely or never eat junk food. Focus your diet on protein sources like tofu, beans, and nuts in addition to animal protein. Vegetables like kale, spinach, eggplant, sweet potato, and beets are also healthy choices. Choose whole grain rice and bread as opposed to other varieties.
The precise proportions in which you consume these foods is somewhat flexible and will vary depending on your gender, age, and activity level. Talk to a dietitian for more information about how to achieve a diet that will enable you to become a cage fighter.
3. Fighting in the Cage
3-1. Buy your hand wraps, mouthpiece, and gloves.
Since these pieces of equipment are used in every fight and sparring session (and since you won’t want to share them with others), buy them as soon as you begin down your path to becoming a cage fighter. If you’re a man, you’ll also need to invest in a cup to protect your groin.
Your MMA gym or martial arts training center will usually provide shin guards, headgear, and other training equipment.
3-2. Join a tournament after at least six months of consistent training.
Once you’ve practiced long and hard, you’ll be ready to enter the cage. There are many cage fighting tournaments across the world. Trainers at your local MMA gym should be able to direct you to tournaments that are appropriate for your skill level. If you don’t have an MMA gym nearby, run a word string like “cage fighting tournaments” through your preferred search engine.
The process by which you sign up for a cage fight varies depending on the organizing authority. Generally, you’ll need to provide some contact information either online or via a paper form. You’ll also need to include your height and weight so that you can be matched with other fighters in the same class.
Avoid cage tournaments that charge excessive entry fees.
You’ll probably start out at the amateur level. As you improve, you could consider becoming a professional cage fighter in a league like UFC.
3-3. Review the tournament rules.
Different cage fighting leagues have slightly different rules. For instance, some allow kicks to the head, but not knee strikes to the head, and vice versa. Before your fight begins, review the tournament’s rule book carefully to avoid fouls or disqualifications during your fight.
Most tournaments disallow eye gouging, groin strikes, clawing, pinching, biting, spitting, and other unsportsmanlike conduct.
You can get a tournament rule book from the tournament’s organizer.
3-4. Meet the age requirements of the fight.
If you’re entering a youth league, your birthday will have to fall within the acceptable age range, and you’ll be matched with someone near your age. If you’re fighting in an adult league, you’ll typically need to be at least 18 years old.
There are usually no upper age limits, though some leagues do set an upper age cap at 40 years old, since older fighters tend to gradually lose power and speed.
3-5. Scale back your training gradually as your fight approaches.
In the week or so prior to your fight, relax your training schedule to allow your body to heal more fully. For instance, perhaps two weeks prior to the fight, you’ll do 50 pushups daily instead of 60. The week before your fight, you might reduce that number again to just 40 pushups.
3-6. Strategize before the fight.
Before a fight, review footage of your opponent or attend one of their matches. Use your knowledge of their fighting style to gain a strategic advantage when you face them. For instance, if you know that your opponent tends to throw jab-cross-kick combos, you can be ready for the cross as soon as they throw the jab.
3-7. Evaluate your opponent during the fight.
If you are unable to evaluate an opponent before the fight, use your previous training and experience to determine how you might improve your advantage during a fight. For instance, if your opponent is larger than you, they’re also probably slower, which means you should use quick jabs and kicks that they won’t be able to block well.
3-8. Get a medical evaluation after the fight.
See a doctor to ensure you don’t have any broken or fractured bones. The doctor should also check for signs that you suffered a concussion, and suture any cuts that you may have endured.
Your doctor will let you know how long you’ll need to recuperate. The amount of time you’ll need to heal varies depending on the amount of damage you sustained during the fight.
Tips
The people you train with and compete against are your friends. Treat them with respect and you will receive the same.
Try to be a well-rounded fighter. Train in many disciplines instead of just one or two.
Warnings
Even though modern-day legitimate training and competition is highly regulated, serious injuries still occur.
If you have a normal job while training for your career as a cage fighter, be prepared to explain all the bruises, black eyes, and sprains that you come to work with.
Being a fighter can exclude you from certain insurance policies. Be sure to talk to an insurance representative to see if your choice to fight might invalidate or make you ineligible for coverage.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning to Fight\\n1-1. Decide which fighting styles you want to adopt.\\nCage fighters can draw on a wide variety of martial arts techniques. You might choose to specialize in one particular area, or borrow a bit from a variety of martial arts styles. For instance, you might incorporate elements from jiu-jitsu, taekwondo, karate, krav maga, or kung fu into your repertoire.\\nWatch a few videos of different martial arts styles online to decide which ones you find most attractive.\\nAll martial arts styles have unique strengths and weaknesses, and offer unique challenges to different people. For instance, if you have wrestling experience, you might find it easy to learn jiu-jitsu, which has similar holds.\\nYou can always learn new styles later if you find that your particular mix of martial arts know-how isn’t cutting it.\\n1-2. Take classes at a martial arts gym.\\nOnce you’ve decide which styles you’re interested in learning, you’ll need to find a place nearby where you can receive training. When preparing to become a cage fighter, the best training gym is a mixed martial arts gym. However, these are exceedingly rare, so you’ll likely need to join a gym that specializes in a particular combat style (like karate or taekwondo).\\nCheck online or thumb through your phone book for martial arts gyms in your area.\\nTry to find a gym that has a few current or former cage fighters. Their experience and tips will help you become a great fighter.\\nA good gym will be nearby and not too expensive.\\n1-3. Enhance your training with books and videos.\\nNothing is as valuable for developing your fighting technique as hands-on experience and training in a gym. However, you can often gain valuable insights from books and videos, too.\\nThere are many books about cage fighting strategies and movements.\\nSearch online for cage fighter training videos, too, which can be useful for learning new moves. Browse online marketplaces for cage fighting DVDs if you want an offline video experience.\\nThe Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Bellator MMA (BMMA) are among the top cage fighting organizations. Watch some of these fights and take notes.\\n1-4. Do some pad work.\\nPad work is a useful training exercise in which a partner wears large pads over their hands and moves them around while you try to punch them. These exercises can improve your reaction time and endurance.\\nThere is no right or wrong amount of time to engage in pad work, but you’ll probably go for two or three rounds with your partner, and each round will probably last three to five minutes.\\n1-5. Spar with a partner.\\nSparring consists of engaging in mock cage fights. You and a partner will engage each other at close to full power. Your goal in sparring is not to actually hurt your opponent but to test your speed, power, and endurance. By testing yourself regularly in this way, you’ll develop the ability to hurt your opponent if you were participating in a real cage fight.\\nTo improve safety, you and your partner should wear padding on your body and head during your sparring session.\\n2. Achieving Peak Performance\\n2-1. Identify and develop your strengths.\\nIf you have solid punching power, focus on striking. If you have wrestling experience from high school or college, focus on improving your grappling and takedowns.\\nEven as you identify and develop your strengths, work to improve areas you are less knowledgeable about. Avoid any deficiency in a particular area of training.\\n2-2. Do strength training.\\n\\n2-3. \\nWhen lifting, you should feel tired after two or three sets of 12-15 repetitions. If you’re unsure of how much weight you should be lifting, start by lifting the lowest amount of weight possible, then slowly add weight in small increments.\\nFocus equally on your arms and legs. Use the leg press and leg lifting machines to improve leg strength.\\n2-4. Do some cardio.\\nCardio training will help you develop endurance.\\n2-5. \\nAdditionally, you could ride a bike, go running, jump rope, and go swimming. Mix these exercises up in any order and engage in each for at least 30 minutes at a time.\\n2-6. Train 35-40 hours each week.\\nTraining regularly is the only way you’ll be able to step into the cage and hurt your opponent while evading their attacks. Training at this level will enable you to become the best cage fighter you can be.\\nWhen you’re an up-and-coming fighter, you might need to maintain this level of training even while working full time.\\n2-7. Divide up your time at the gym with the help of your coach or trainer.\\nThe way you should divide your time at the gym (between sparring, cardio, strength training, and so on) will vary depending on your individual needs. Consult the cage fighting trainers at your gym (or the head trainer or coach if you’re not training at an MMA gym). Work with this coach or trainer to develop a workout plan that will improve your overall fitness and enable you to achieve victory in your next cage fight.\\nSome fighters work with multiple coaches or trainers to gain exposure to a broad array of training approaches, each of which might emphasize different fighting styles or ways to improve your fitness.\\n2-8. Adopt a diet high in protein, vegetables, and whole grains.\\nCage fighters rarely or never eat junk food. Focus your diet on protein sources like tofu, beans, and nuts in addition to animal protein. Vegetables like kale, spinach, eggplant, sweet potato, and beets are also healthy choices. Choose whole grain rice and bread as opposed to other varieties.\\nThe precise proportions in which you consume these foods is somewhat flexible and will vary depending on your gender, age, and activity level. Talk to a dietitian for more information about how to achieve a diet that will enable you to become a cage fighter.\\n3. Fighting in the Cage\\n3-1. Buy your hand wraps, mouthpiece, and gloves.\\nSince these pieces of equipment are used in every fight and sparring session (and since you won’t want to share them with others), buy them as soon as you begin down your path to becoming a cage fighter. If you’re a man, you’ll also need to invest in a cup to protect your groin.\\nYour MMA gym or martial arts training center will usually provide shin guards, headgear, and other training equipment.\\n3-2. Join a tournament after at least six months of consistent training.\\nOnce you’ve practiced long and hard, you’ll be ready to enter the cage. There are many cage fighting tournaments across the world. Trainers at your local MMA gym should be able to direct you to tournaments that are appropriate for your skill level. If you don’t have an MMA gym nearby, run a word string like “cage fighting tournaments” through your preferred search engine.\\nThe process by which you sign up for a cage fight varies depending on the organizing authority. Generally, you’ll need to provide some contact information either online or via a paper form. You’ll also need to include your height and weight so that you can be matched with other fighters in the same class.\\nAvoid cage tournaments that charge excessive entry fees.\\nYou’ll probably start out at the amateur level. As you improve, you could consider becoming a professional cage fighter in a league like UFC.\\n3-3. Review the tournament rules.\\nDifferent cage fighting leagues have slightly different rules. For instance, some allow kicks to the head, but not knee strikes to the head, and vice versa. Before your fight begins, review the tournament’s rule book carefully to avoid fouls or disqualifications during your fight.\\nMost tournaments disallow eye gouging, groin strikes, clawing, pinching, biting, spitting, and other unsportsmanlike conduct.\\nYou can get a tournament rule book from the tournament’s organizer.\\n3-4. Meet the age requirements of the fight.\\nIf you’re entering a youth league, your birthday will have to fall within the acceptable age range, and you’ll be matched with someone near your age. If you’re fighting in an adult league, you’ll typically need to be at least 18 years old.\\nThere are usually no upper age limits, though some leagues do set an upper age cap at 40 years old, since older fighters tend to gradually lose power and speed.\\n3-5. Scale back your training gradually as your fight approaches.\\nIn the week or so prior to your fight, relax your training schedule to allow your body to heal more fully. For instance, perhaps two weeks prior to the fight, you’ll do 50 pushups daily instead of 60. The week before your fight, you might reduce that number again to just 40 pushups.\\n3-6. Strategize before the fight.\\nBefore a fight, review footage of your opponent or attend one of their matches. Use your knowledge of their fighting style to gain a strategic advantage when you face them. For instance, if you know that your opponent tends to throw jab-cross-kick combos, you can be ready for the cross as soon as they throw the jab.\\n3-7. Evaluate your opponent during the fight.\\nIf you are unable to evaluate an opponent before the fight, use your previous training and experience to determine how you might improve your advantage during a fight. For instance, if your opponent is larger than you, they’re also probably slower, which means you should use quick jabs and kicks that they won’t be able to block well.\\n3-8. Get a medical evaluation after the fight.\\nSee a doctor to ensure you don’t have any broken or fractured bones. The doctor should also check for signs that you suffered a concussion, and suture any cuts that you may have endured.\\nYour doctor will let you know how long you’ll need to recuperate. The amount of time you’ll need to heal varies depending on the amount of damage you sustained during the fight.\\nTips\\nThe people you train with and compete against are your friends. Treat them with respect and you will receive the same.\\nTry to be a well-rounded fighter. Train in many disciplines instead of just one or two.\\nWarnings\\nEven though modern-day legitimate training and competition is highly regulated, serious injuries still occur.\\nIf you have a normal job while training for your career as a cage fighter, be prepared to explain all the bruises, black eyes, and sprains that you come to work with.\\nBeing a fighter can exclude you from certain insurance policies. Be sure to talk to an insurance representative to see if your choice to fight might invalidate or make you ineligible for coverage.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A cage fighter is another term for a mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. To get started, gain proficiency in at least one martial arts field, and familiarize yourself with others. Train regularly and adopt a healthy diet to strengthen your body. After at least six months of regular training, sign up for a cage fighting tournament. Becoming an MMA fighter takes a significant investment of time and energy, but there are few victories more exciting and well-earned than those in the cage.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning to Fight\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide which fighting styles you want to adopt.\", \"描述\": \"Cage fighters can draw on a wide variety of martial arts techniques. You might choose to specialize in one particular area, or borrow a bit from a variety of martial arts styles. For instance, you might incorporate elements from jiu-jitsu, taekwondo, karate, krav maga, or kung fu into your repertoire.\\nWatch a few videos of different martial arts styles online to decide which ones you find most attractive.\\nAll martial arts styles have unique strengths and weaknesses, and offer unique challenges to different people. For instance, if you have wrestling experience, you might find it easy to learn jiu-jitsu, which has similar holds.\\nYou can always learn new styles later if you find that your particular mix of martial arts know-how isn’t cutting it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take classes at a martial arts gym.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve decide which styles you’re interested in learning, you’ll need to find a place nearby where you can receive training. When preparing to become a cage fighter, the best training gym is a mixed martial arts gym. However, these are exceedingly rare, so you’ll likely need to join a gym that specializes in a particular combat style (like karate or taekwondo).\\nCheck online or thumb through your phone book for martial arts gyms in your area.\\nTry to find a gym that has a few current or former cage fighters. Their experience and tips will help you become a great fighter.\\nA good gym will be nearby and not too expensive.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enhance your training with books and videos.\", \"描述\": \"Nothing is as valuable for developing your fighting technique as hands-on experience and training in a gym. However, you can often gain valuable insights from books and videos, too.\\nThere are many books about cage fighting strategies and movements.\\nSearch online for cage fighter training videos, too, which can be useful for learning new moves. Browse online marketplaces for cage fighting DVDs if you want an offline video experience.\\nThe Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Bellator MMA (BMMA) are among the top cage fighting organizations. Watch some of these fights and take notes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do some pad work.\", \"描述\": \"Pad work is a useful training exercise in which a partner wears large pads over their hands and moves them around while you try to punch them. These exercises can improve your reaction time and endurance.\\nThere is no right or wrong amount of time to engage in pad work, but you’ll probably go for two or three rounds with your partner, and each round will probably last three to five minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Spar with a partner.\", \"描述\": \"Sparring consists of engaging in mock cage fights. You and a partner will engage each other at close to full power. Your goal in sparring is not to actually hurt your opponent but to test your speed, power, and endurance. By testing yourself regularly in this way, you’ll develop the ability to hurt your opponent if you were participating in a real cage fight.\\nTo improve safety, you and your partner should wear padding on your body and head during your sparring session.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Achieving Peak Performance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify and develop your strengths.\", \"描述\": \"If you have solid punching power, focus on striking. If you have wrestling experience from high school or college, focus on improving your grappling and takedowns.\\nEven as you identify and develop your strengths, work to improve areas you are less knowledgeable about. Avoid any deficiency in a particular area of training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do strength training.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"\", \"描述\": \"When lifting, you should feel tired after two or three sets of 12-15 repetitions. If you’re unsure of how much weight you should be lifting, start by lifting the lowest amount of weight possible, then slowly add weight in small increments.\\nFocus equally on your arms and legs. Use the leg press and leg lifting machines to improve leg strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do some cardio.\", \"描述\": \"Cardio training will help you develop endurance.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"\", \"描述\": \"Additionally, you could ride a bike, go running, jump rope, and go swimming. Mix these exercises up in any order and engage in each for at least 30 minutes at a time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Train 35-40 hours each week.\", \"描述\": \"Training regularly is the only way you’ll be able to step into the cage and hurt your opponent while evading their attacks. Training at this level will enable you to become the best cage fighter you can be.\\nWhen you’re an up-and-coming fighter, you might need to maintain this level of training even while working full time.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Divide up your time at the gym with the help of your coach or trainer.\", \"描述\": \"The way you should divide your time at the gym (between sparring, cardio, strength training, and so on) will vary depending on your individual needs. Consult the cage fighting trainers at your gym (or the head trainer or coach if you’re not training at an MMA gym). Work with this coach or trainer to develop a workout plan that will improve your overall fitness and enable you to achieve victory in your next cage fight.\\nSome fighters work with multiple coaches or trainers to gain exposure to a broad array of training approaches, each of which might emphasize different fighting styles or ways to improve your fitness.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Adopt a diet high in protein, vegetables, and whole grains.\", \"描述\": \"Cage fighters rarely or never eat junk food. Focus your diet on protein sources like tofu, beans, and nuts in addition to animal protein. Vegetables like kale, spinach, eggplant, sweet potato, and beets are also healthy choices. Choose whole grain rice and bread as opposed to other varieties.\\nThe precise proportions in which you consume these foods is somewhat flexible and will vary depending on your gender, age, and activity level. Talk to a dietitian for more information about how to achieve a diet that will enable you to become a cage fighter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fighting in the Cage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy your hand wraps, mouthpiece, and gloves.\", \"描述\": \"Since these pieces of equipment are used in every fight and sparring session (and since you won’t want to share them with others), buy them as soon as you begin down your path to becoming a cage fighter. If you’re a man, you’ll also need to invest in a cup to protect your groin.\\nYour MMA gym or martial arts training center will usually provide shin guards, headgear, and other training equipment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a tournament after at least six months of consistent training.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve practiced long and hard, you’ll be ready to enter the cage. There are many cage fighting tournaments across the world. Trainers at your local MMA gym should be able to direct you to tournaments that are appropriate for your skill level. If you don’t have an MMA gym nearby, run a word string like “cage fighting tournaments” through your preferred search engine.\\nThe process by which you sign up for a cage fight varies depending on the organizing authority. Generally, you’ll need to provide some contact information either online or via a paper form. You’ll also need to include your height and weight so that you can be matched with other fighters in the same class.\\nAvoid cage tournaments that charge excessive entry fees.\\nYou’ll probably start out at the amateur level. As you improve, you could consider becoming a professional cage fighter in a league like UFC.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review the tournament rules.\", \"描述\": \"Different cage fighting leagues have slightly different rules. For instance, some allow kicks to the head, but not knee strikes to the head, and vice versa. Before your fight begins, review the tournament’s rule book carefully to avoid fouls or disqualifications during your fight.\\nMost tournaments disallow eye gouging, groin strikes, clawing, pinching, biting, spitting, and other unsportsmanlike conduct.\\nYou can get a tournament rule book from the tournament’s organizer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Meet the age requirements of the fight.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re entering a youth league, your birthday will have to fall within the acceptable age range, and you’ll be matched with someone near your age. If you’re fighting in an adult league, you’ll typically need to be at least 18 years old.\\nThere are usually no upper age limits, though some leagues do set an upper age cap at 40 years old, since older fighters tend to gradually lose power and speed.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Scale back your training gradually as your fight approaches.\", \"描述\": \"In the week or so prior to your fight, relax your training schedule to allow your body to heal more fully. For instance, perhaps two weeks prior to the fight, you’ll do 50 pushups daily instead of 60. The week before your fight, you might reduce that number again to just 40 pushups.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Strategize before the fight.\", \"描述\": \"Before a fight, review footage of your opponent or attend one of their matches. Use your knowledge of their fighting style to gain a strategic advantage when you face them. For instance, if you know that your opponent tends to throw jab-cross-kick combos, you can be ready for the cross as soon as they throw the jab.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Evaluate your opponent during the fight.\", \"描述\": \"If you are unable to evaluate an opponent before the fight, use your previous training and experience to determine how you might improve your advantage during a fight. For instance, if your opponent is larger than you, they’re also probably slower, which means you should use quick jabs and kicks that they won’t be able to block well.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Get a medical evaluation after the fight.\", \"描述\": \"See a doctor to ensure you don’t have any broken or fractured bones. The doctor should also check for signs that you suffered a concussion, and suture any cuts that you may have endured.\\nYour doctor will let you know how long you’ll need to recuperate. The amount of time you’ll need to heal varies depending on the amount of damage you sustained during the fight.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The people you train with and compete against are your friends. Treat them with respect and you will receive the same.\\n\", \"Try to be a well-rounded fighter. Train in many disciplines instead of just one or two.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Even though modern-day legitimate training and competition is highly regulated, serious injuries still occur.\\n\", \"If you have a normal job while training for your career as a cage fighter, be prepared to explain all the bruises, black eyes, and sprains that you come to work with.\\n\", \"Being a fighter can exclude you from certain insurance policies. Be sure to talk to an insurance representative to see if your choice to fight might invalidate or make you ineligible for coverage.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,230 |
How to Become a California Highway Patrol Officer
|
1. Meeting The Qualifications
1-1. Meet the minimum qualifications.
Before you pursue a career as a Californian highway patrol officer you should learn the minimum qualifications required by the position. Knowing these qualifications will let you learn if a career as a CHP officer is possible for you. Review the following qualifications before you begin pursing this position:
Must be between 20-35 years of age.
Have obtained at least a high school diploma or GED equivalent.
Must be a U.S. citizen.
Must not have any past felony convictions.
1-2. Be in good health.
Being a CHP officer will require you to be in good physical condition. Any condition, either mental or physical, that could prevent you from performing the required duties of the position may exclude you from consideration. Review the following physical requirements to see if you can become a CHP officer.
Overall good physical condition and ability.
Normal range of hearing.
Must not have any physical or mental conditions that prevent you from fulfilling the duties of the position.
If you wear glasses or contact lenses your corrected vision must be 20/20 and your uncorrected vision must be 20/40.
1-3. Apply by the next deadline.
Currently the California highway patrol is continuously hiring officers. However, there is still a rolling deadline that you will need to meet when applying for your entry and application test. This information can be found on-line at the CHP's official website.
2. Passing The PAT
2-1. Prepare for the PAT.
After your application to become a California highway patrol officer has been accepted you will be required to undergo and pass the physical ability test or PAT. The PAT will determine your level of physical fitness and will show if you are capable of meeting the demands of the position. Review some of the following tips to do well on the day of your PAT
Don't drink alcoholic beverages before the test.
Don't eat three hours before the test.
Avoid heavy physical exertion two hours before the test.
Get a good night's rest before the test.
Talk to your doctor before undergoing the PAT. Stop taking any non-prescription medications before the test.
Wear loose-fitting clothing or athletic gear for the PAT.
2-2. Learn the parts of the PAT.
There are four parts to the physical ability test that you will undergo. All four of these tests will need to be passed in order to successfully complete and pass the entire PAT. Review the following four physical tests that you will need to pass to gain an understanding of what physical abilities you will need:
Run 1.5 miles under 13 minutes and 35 seconds.
Run 300 meters in under 70 seconds.
Perform at least 31 sit-ups in under a minute.
Perform at least 24 push-ups in under a minute.
2-3. Train for the PAT.
In order to pass the PAT and perform well during it you will want to begin training for the test. Conditioning your body to meet the standards required by the PAT will allow you to perform well and stand out during the examination. Focus your training on the following aspects to prepare for the demands of the PAT:
Increase your cardiovascular endurance. Try jogging or running to improve your heart health.
Build up physical and muscular strength. Weight lifting can help build muscle and strength.
Improving flexibility and range of motion. Stretching or yoga can add flexibility to the body.
3. Pass The Written Examination
3-1. Learn what to expect.
Gaining an understanding of the written examination can help you better prepare before taking it. You should know that the written examination will not test your knowledge regarding law enforcement policies. Instead, the test will allow you to demonstrate your reading and writing skills, qualifying you for the position of a CHP officer.
The test will be multiple choice and fill in the blanks.
There will be around 125 questions.
You have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete the entire exam.
3-2. Prepare for the test.
Before you take your written examination you may want to prepare for the test. Your level of preparation will vary depending on your current level of skill with reading and writing. There are a few main methods that you can use to get in some practice and increase your score during the written portion of your CHP examinations.
Study material that reviews English spelling, grammar and composition.
Some books will focus specifically on how to study for law enforcement tests.
Take a class that helps hone your writing and reading skills.
3-3. Get in daily writing practice.
Working everyday to practice you reading and writing skills can help you pass your writing examination during the entrance test. By using these skills everyday you can help keep them sharp and constantly work to improve them, allowing you to take your written examination confidently.
Keep a journal that you can write in everyday.
Use a dictionary or thesaurus to broaden your vocabulary and help you use words correctly.
Review your writings and read them out loud. Pay attention to the differences between your writing voice and your speaking voice. Work to improve your writing style as you do so.
4. Finalizing The Process
4-1. Complete your interview.
After you pass your written and physical examinations you will be required to appear before an interview panel. This panel will ask you questions that will further determine your qualifications for the position of California highway patrol officer. Keep some of the following things in mind when undergoing your interview:
Arrive five to ten minutes early.
Dress professionally and have a clean personal appearance.
Speak clearly and confidently during the interview.
4-2. Pass the final examinations.
Even though you may have succeeded during your interview and initial tests you will still have to pass further examinations. These final examinations will evaluate your physical and mental health condition as well as investigate your background. Passing these final examinations will finally qualify you for a position at the CHP academy.
You will undergo a physical examination to make sure you are in good health.
A psychological examination will ensure that you are mentally prepared for the position.
Your background check will make sure you are in good moral standing.
4-3. Attend the academy.
After you have passed all the tests and examinations required by the CHP you may be offered a position at the academy. The academy will give you the formal education and training required to become a fully fledged California highway patrol officer. Successfully complete the academy will fully qualify you to become an officer.
Training will usually last 27 weeks.
You will receive your invitation letter two to four weeks before your classes begin.
Tips
Make sure you don't have any physical or mental disabilities that could prevent you from meeting the duties of the job.
Review the application and testing schedule to make sure you apply on time.
Practice your reading and writing skills to pass the written portion of your entrance examination.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting The Qualifications\\n1-1. Meet the minimum qualifications.\\nBefore you pursue a career as a Californian highway patrol officer you should learn the minimum qualifications required by the position. Knowing these qualifications will let you learn if a career as a CHP officer is possible for you. Review the following qualifications before you begin pursing this position:\\nMust be between 20-35 years of age.\\nHave obtained at least a high school diploma or GED equivalent.\\nMust be a U.S. citizen.\\nMust not have any past felony convictions.\\n1-2. Be in good health.\\nBeing a CHP officer will require you to be in good physical condition. Any condition, either mental or physical, that could prevent you from performing the required duties of the position may exclude you from consideration. Review the following physical requirements to see if you can become a CHP officer.\\nOverall good physical condition and ability.\\nNormal range of hearing.\\nMust not have any physical or mental conditions that prevent you from fulfilling the duties of the position.\\nIf you wear glasses or contact lenses your corrected vision must be 20/20 and your uncorrected vision must be 20/40.\\n1-3. Apply by the next deadline.\\nCurrently the California highway patrol is continuously hiring officers. However, there is still a rolling deadline that you will need to meet when applying for your entry and application test. This information can be found on-line at the CHP's official website.\\n2. Passing The PAT\\n2-1. Prepare for the PAT.\\nAfter your application to become a California highway patrol officer has been accepted you will be required to undergo and pass the physical ability test or PAT. The PAT will determine your level of physical fitness and will show if you are capable of meeting the demands of the position. Review some of the following tips to do well on the day of your PAT\\nDon't drink alcoholic beverages before the test.\\nDon't eat three hours before the test.\\nAvoid heavy physical exertion two hours before the test.\\nGet a good night's rest before the test.\\nTalk to your doctor before undergoing the PAT. Stop taking any non-prescription medications before the test.\\nWear loose-fitting clothing or athletic gear for the PAT.\\n2-2. Learn the parts of the PAT.\\nThere are four parts to the physical ability test that you will undergo. All four of these tests will need to be passed in order to successfully complete and pass the entire PAT. Review the following four physical tests that you will need to pass to gain an understanding of what physical abilities you will need:\\nRun 1.5 miles under 13 minutes and 35 seconds.\\nRun 300 meters in under 70 seconds.\\nPerform at least 31 sit-ups in under a minute.\\nPerform at least 24 push-ups in under a minute.\\n2-3. Train for the PAT.\\nIn order to pass the PAT and perform well during it you will want to begin training for the test. Conditioning your body to meet the standards required by the PAT will allow you to perform well and stand out during the examination. Focus your training on the following aspects to prepare for the demands of the PAT:\\nIncrease your cardiovascular endurance. Try jogging or running to improve your heart health.\\nBuild up physical and muscular strength. Weight lifting can help build muscle and strength.\\nImproving flexibility and range of motion. Stretching or yoga can add flexibility to the body.\\n3. Pass The Written Examination\\n3-1. Learn what to expect.\\nGaining an understanding of the written examination can help you better prepare before taking it. You should know that the written examination will not test your knowledge regarding law enforcement policies. Instead, the test will allow you to demonstrate your reading and writing skills, qualifying you for the position of a CHP officer.\\nThe test will be multiple choice and fill in the blanks.\\nThere will be around 125 questions.\\nYou have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete the entire exam.\\n3-2. Prepare for the test.\\nBefore you take your written examination you may want to prepare for the test. Your level of preparation will vary depending on your current level of skill with reading and writing. There are a few main methods that you can use to get in some practice and increase your score during the written portion of your CHP examinations.\\nStudy material that reviews English spelling, grammar and composition.\\nSome books will focus specifically on how to study for law enforcement tests.\\nTake a class that helps hone your writing and reading skills.\\n3-3. Get in daily writing practice.\\nWorking everyday to practice you reading and writing skills can help you pass your writing examination during the entrance test. By using these skills everyday you can help keep them sharp and constantly work to improve them, allowing you to take your written examination confidently.\\nKeep a journal that you can write in everyday.\\nUse a dictionary or thesaurus to broaden your vocabulary and help you use words correctly.\\nReview your writings and read them out loud. Pay attention to the differences between your writing voice and your speaking voice. Work to improve your writing style as you do so.\\n4. Finalizing The Process\\n4-1. Complete your interview.\\nAfter you pass your written and physical examinations you will be required to appear before an interview panel. This panel will ask you questions that will further determine your qualifications for the position of California highway patrol officer. Keep some of the following things in mind when undergoing your interview:\\nArrive five to ten minutes early.\\nDress professionally and have a clean personal appearance.\\nSpeak clearly and confidently during the interview.\\n4-2. Pass the final examinations.\\nEven though you may have succeeded during your interview and initial tests you will still have to pass further examinations. These final examinations will evaluate your physical and mental health condition as well as investigate your background. Passing these final examinations will finally qualify you for a position at the CHP academy.\\nYou will undergo a physical examination to make sure you are in good health.\\nA psychological examination will ensure that you are mentally prepared for the position.\\nYour background check will make sure you are in good moral standing.\\n4-3. Attend the academy.\\nAfter you have passed all the tests and examinations required by the CHP you may be offered a position at the academy. The academy will give you the formal education and training required to become a fully fledged California highway patrol officer. Successfully complete the academy will fully qualify you to become an officer.\\nTraining will usually last 27 weeks.\\nYou will receive your invitation letter two to four weeks before your classes begin.\\nTips\\nMake sure you don't have any physical or mental disabilities that could prevent you from meeting the duties of the job.\\nReview the application and testing schedule to make sure you apply on time.\\nPractice your reading and writing skills to pass the written portion of your entrance examination.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you are ready for a challenging and rewarding career in law enforcement you might consider joining the California Highway Patrol. The California Highway Patrol or CHP helps keep California's highways safe by protecting citizens and enforcing laws. If you think you are ready to sign up and join the CHP, reviewing the requirements and learning what you can expect from the process can help you successfully do so.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting The Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the minimum qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"Before you pursue a career as a Californian highway patrol officer you should learn the minimum qualifications required by the position. Knowing these qualifications will let you learn if a career as a CHP officer is possible for you. Review the following qualifications before you begin pursing this position:\\nMust be between 20-35 years of age.\\nHave obtained at least a high school diploma or GED equivalent.\\nMust be a U.S. citizen.\\nMust not have any past felony convictions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be in good health.\", \"描述\": \"Being a CHP officer will require you to be in good physical condition. Any condition, either mental or physical, that could prevent you from performing the required duties of the position may exclude you from consideration. Review the following physical requirements to see if you can become a CHP officer.\\nOverall good physical condition and ability.\\nNormal range of hearing.\\nMust not have any physical or mental conditions that prevent you from fulfilling the duties of the position.\\nIf you wear glasses or contact lenses your corrected vision must be 20/20 and your uncorrected vision must be 20/40.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply by the next deadline.\", \"描述\": \"Currently the California highway patrol is continuously hiring officers. However, there is still a rolling deadline that you will need to meet when applying for your entry and application test. This information can be found on-line at the CHP's official website.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Passing The PAT\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the PAT.\", \"描述\": \"After your application to become a California highway patrol officer has been accepted you will be required to undergo and pass the physical ability test or PAT. The PAT will determine your level of physical fitness and will show if you are capable of meeting the demands of the position. Review some of the following tips to do well on the day of your PAT\\nDon't drink alcoholic beverages before the test.\\nDon't eat three hours before the test.\\nAvoid heavy physical exertion two hours before the test.\\nGet a good night's rest before the test.\\nTalk to your doctor before undergoing the PAT. Stop taking any non-prescription medications before the test.\\nWear loose-fitting clothing or athletic gear for the PAT.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn the parts of the PAT.\", \"描述\": \"There are four parts to the physical ability test that you will undergo. All four of these tests will need to be passed in order to successfully complete and pass the entire PAT. Review the following four physical tests that you will need to pass to gain an understanding of what physical abilities you will need:\\nRun 1.5 miles under 13 minutes and 35 seconds.\\nRun 300 meters in under 70 seconds.\\nPerform at least 31 sit-ups in under a minute.\\nPerform at least 24 push-ups in under a minute.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Train for the PAT.\", \"描述\": \"In order to pass the PAT and perform well during it you will want to begin training for the test. Conditioning your body to meet the standards required by the PAT will allow you to perform well and stand out during the examination. Focus your training on the following aspects to prepare for the demands of the PAT:\\nIncrease your cardiovascular endurance. Try jogging or running to improve your heart health.\\nBuild up physical and muscular strength. Weight lifting can help build muscle and strength.\\nImproving flexibility and range of motion. Stretching or yoga can add flexibility to the body.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass The Written Examination\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn what to expect.\", \"描述\": \"Gaining an understanding of the written examination can help you better prepare before taking it. You should know that the written examination will not test your knowledge regarding law enforcement policies. Instead, the test will allow you to demonstrate your reading and writing skills, qualifying you for the position of a CHP officer.\\nThe test will be multiple choice and fill in the blanks.\\nThere will be around 125 questions.\\nYou have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete the entire exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the test.\", \"描述\": \"Before you take your written examination you may want to prepare for the test. Your level of preparation will vary depending on your current level of skill with reading and writing. There are a few main methods that you can use to get in some practice and increase your score during the written portion of your CHP examinations.\\nStudy material that reviews English spelling, grammar and composition.\\nSome books will focus specifically on how to study for law enforcement tests.\\nTake a class that helps hone your writing and reading skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get in daily writing practice.\", \"描述\": \"Working everyday to practice you reading and writing skills can help you pass your writing examination during the entrance test. By using these skills everyday you can help keep them sharp and constantly work to improve them, allowing you to take your written examination confidently.\\nKeep a journal that you can write in everyday.\\nUse a dictionary or thesaurus to broaden your vocabulary and help you use words correctly.\\nReview your writings and read them out loud. Pay attention to the differences between your writing voice and your speaking voice. Work to improve your writing style as you do so.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finalizing The Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your interview.\", \"描述\": \"After you pass your written and physical examinations you will be required to appear before an interview panel. This panel will ask you questions that will further determine your qualifications for the position of California highway patrol officer. Keep some of the following things in mind when undergoing your interview:\\nArrive five to ten minutes early.\\nDress professionally and have a clean personal appearance.\\nSpeak clearly and confidently during the interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the final examinations.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you may have succeeded during your interview and initial tests you will still have to pass further examinations. These final examinations will evaluate your physical and mental health condition as well as investigate your background. Passing these final examinations will finally qualify you for a position at the CHP academy.\\nYou will undergo a physical examination to make sure you are in good health.\\nA psychological examination will ensure that you are mentally prepared for the position.\\nYour background check will make sure you are in good moral standing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend the academy.\", \"描述\": \"After you have passed all the tests and examinations required by the CHP you may be offered a position at the academy. The academy will give you the formal education and training required to become a fully fledged California highway patrol officer. Successfully complete the academy will fully qualify you to become an officer.\\nTraining will usually last 27 weeks.\\nYou will receive your invitation letter two to four weeks before your classes begin.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure you don't have any physical or mental disabilities that could prevent you from meeting the duties of the job.\\n\", \"Review the application and testing schedule to make sure you apply on time.\\n\", \"Practice your reading and writing skills to pass the written portion of your entrance examination.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,231 |
How to Become a California Process Server
|
1. Checking If You Qualify
1-1. Be a California resident.
You must have lived in the state for at least one year immediately preceding your application to become a process server. If you haven’t satisfied this requirement, then wait.
Corporations and partnerships must also register if they earn any money from serving legal papers. They must have continuously existed for at least one year immediately before they apply.
1-2. Check your criminal history.
You can’t register as a process server if you have a felony conviction. Check your criminal history record to confirm that you meet this requirement.
If you have a criminal history, then a judge in the county will need to review your file. You might still be able to work as a process server if you have a pardon, expungement, or certificate of rehabilitation.
1-3. Meet the age requirement.
You must be at least 18 years old in order to work as a process server in California. If you don’t meet this requirement, you should wait before applying.
The age limit applies even if you work for a company. For example, you can’t be 17 but serve papers for a process server corporation.
1-4. Register if you'll serve more than 10 papers annually.
Technically, you don’t have to register if you only want to serve a few papers a year. However, state law does require registration if you serve more than 10. Estimate how much service you will do.
If you’re a corporation or partnership, each employee who serves more than 10 papers must individually register as a process server.
2. Completing Requirements
2-1. Obtain two headshot photos.
You’ll need two photographs if you are filing an initial registration. Your photographs should be 1”x1”. If you’re a corporation or partnership, you don’t need a photograph.
You may be able to have the headshots taken at the county clerk’s office for a fee. Call ahead of time to check.
2-2. Fill out a registration form.
You can download the form from your county clerk’s website, or you can stop in and pick up a paper copy. There are separate forms depending on whether you are registering as an individual or as a corporation/partnership.
Fill out the form but do not sign. You’ll sign in front of the court clerk.
2-3. Have fingerprints taken.
You’ll need to give fingerprints so the county can confirm you don’t have a felony conviction. If you are registering as a corporation or partnership, then all officers or partners must have fingerprinting done. In most counties, you’ll give Livescan fingerprints, but some counties still use fingerprint cards. Contact your county office for details.
Generally, you’ll need to fill out a form to request the fingerprints. The form should be available from your county’s website.
You’ll probably have fingerprints taken at your local law enforcement agency. Check whether you need to pay your fingerprinting fee at the time you have fingerprints taken.
2-4. Get a surety bond.
You need to post a $2,000 bond. Research bonds online or contact a surety company. The bond must be good for the two years after you register. Typically, you’ll need to pay $50 for a $2,000 bond. A surety bond is not an errors and omissions policy, so don’t confuse the two.
You might have to wait several weeks for your fingerprinting appointment, so you should hold off on buying the bond until you’ve been fingerprinted. Your bond must run for the entire two-year period that your process server certificate is valid.
Depending on your county, you may be able to make a cash deposit instead of posting a bond. Check with your county. For example, San Bernardino county will keep your cash deposit for three years after your registration expires.
3. Registering With Your County
3-1. Visit your county clerk’s office.
Take your registration form and a valid, government-issued photo identification, such as your driver’s license or passport. Go the county where you reside or, if you are a corporation or partnership, where you have your principal place of business.
You may need to schedule an appointment first. Check your county clerk’s website to see.
3-2. Sign your registration under penalty of perjury.
Individuals can sign for themselves. If you are a corporation, then at least two corporate officers will need to sign. At least two partners must sign for a partnership.
3-3. Pay your fee.
Call ahead of time to check how much you will pay and what are acceptable methods of payment. Generally, it costs $134 to register as a process server, but each county will set its own fee.
3-4. Renew in a timely manner.
Your certificate of registration is good for two years or until your bond expires, whichever is first. If you want to renew, you will need to submit one photo. You can renew up to 60 days before the registration expires.
If you miss the deadline, you’ll need to have new fingerprinting completed.
Tips
No test or educational course is required to become a process server in California.[18]
X
Research source
However, courses are offered, which you might find helpful.
The better your reputation, the more business you will get. You should study California’s Rules of Civil Procedure so you understand how to serve documents properly.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Checking If You Qualify\\n1-1. Be a California resident.\\nYou must have lived in the state for at least one year immediately preceding your application to become a process server. If you haven’t satisfied this requirement, then wait.\\nCorporations and partnerships must also register if they earn any money from serving legal papers. They must have continuously existed for at least one year immediately before they apply.\\n1-2. Check your criminal history.\\nYou can’t register as a process server if you have a felony conviction. Check your criminal history record to confirm that you meet this requirement.\\nIf you have a criminal history, then a judge in the county will need to review your file. You might still be able to work as a process server if you have a pardon, expungement, or certificate of rehabilitation.\\n1-3. Meet the age requirement.\\nYou must be at least 18 years old in order to work as a process server in California. If you don’t meet this requirement, you should wait before applying.\\nThe age limit applies even if you work for a company. For example, you can’t be 17 but serve papers for a process server corporation.\\n1-4. Register if you'll serve more than 10 papers annually.\\nTechnically, you don’t have to register if you only want to serve a few papers a year. However, state law does require registration if you serve more than 10. Estimate how much service you will do.\\nIf you’re a corporation or partnership, each employee who serves more than 10 papers must individually register as a process server.\\n2. Completing Requirements\\n2-1. Obtain two headshot photos.\\nYou’ll need two photographs if you are filing an initial registration. Your photographs should be 1”x1”. If you’re a corporation or partnership, you don’t need a photograph.\\nYou may be able to have the headshots taken at the county clerk’s office for a fee. Call ahead of time to check.\\n2-2. Fill out a registration form.\\nYou can download the form from your county clerk’s website, or you can stop in and pick up a paper copy. There are separate forms depending on whether you are registering as an individual or as a corporation/partnership.\\nFill out the form but do not sign. You’ll sign in front of the court clerk.\\n2-3. Have fingerprints taken.\\nYou’ll need to give fingerprints so the county can confirm you don’t have a felony conviction. If you are registering as a corporation or partnership, then all officers or partners must have fingerprinting done. In most counties, you’ll give Livescan fingerprints, but some counties still use fingerprint cards. Contact your county office for details.\\nGenerally, you’ll need to fill out a form to request the fingerprints. The form should be available from your county’s website.\\nYou’ll probably have fingerprints taken at your local law enforcement agency. Check whether you need to pay your fingerprinting fee at the time you have fingerprints taken.\\n2-4. Get a surety bond.\\nYou need to post a $2,000 bond. Research bonds online or contact a surety company. The bond must be good for the two years after you register. Typically, you’ll need to pay $50 for a $2,000 bond. A surety bond is not an errors and omissions policy, so don’t confuse the two.\\nYou might have to wait several weeks for your fingerprinting appointment, so you should hold off on buying the bond until you’ve been fingerprinted. Your bond must run for the entire two-year period that your process server certificate is valid.\\nDepending on your county, you may be able to make a cash deposit instead of posting a bond. Check with your county. For example, San Bernardino county will keep your cash deposit for three years after your registration expires.\\n3. Registering With Your County\\n3-1. Visit your county clerk’s office.\\nTake your registration form and a valid, government-issued photo identification, such as your driver’s license or passport. Go the county where you reside or, if you are a corporation or partnership, where you have your principal place of business.\\nYou may need to schedule an appointment first. Check your county clerk’s website to see.\\n3-2. Sign your registration under penalty of perjury.\\nIndividuals can sign for themselves. If you are a corporation, then at least two corporate officers will need to sign. At least two partners must sign for a partnership.\\n3-3. Pay your fee.\\nCall ahead of time to check how much you will pay and what are acceptable methods of payment. Generally, it costs $134 to register as a process server, but each county will set its own fee.\\n3-4. Renew in a timely manner.\\nYour certificate of registration is good for two years or until your bond expires, whichever is first. If you want to renew, you will need to submit one photo. You can renew up to 60 days before the registration expires.\\nIf you miss the deadline, you’ll need to have new fingerprinting completed.\\nTips\\nNo test or educational course is required to become a process server in California.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n However, courses are offered, which you might find helpful.\\nThe better your reputation, the more business you will get. You should study California’s Rules of Civil Procedure so you understand how to serve documents properly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you like to travel and find people, then being a process server in California can be a great career. Process servers deliver legal documents to people involved in court cases. In California, process servers must register with the county clerk’s office in the county where they reside. However, once registered, you can serve papers anywhere in the state. Your certificate is good for two years.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Checking If You Qualify\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a California resident.\", \"描述\": \"You must have lived in the state for at least one year immediately preceding your application to become a process server. If you haven’t satisfied this requirement, then wait.\\nCorporations and partnerships must also register if they earn any money from serving legal papers. They must have continuously existed for at least one year immediately before they apply.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check your criminal history.\", \"描述\": \"You can’t register as a process server if you have a felony conviction. Check your criminal history record to confirm that you meet this requirement.\\nIf you have a criminal history, then a judge in the county will need to review your file. You might still be able to work as a process server if you have a pardon, expungement, or certificate of rehabilitation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet the age requirement.\", \"描述\": \"You must be at least 18 years old in order to work as a process server in California. If you don’t meet this requirement, you should wait before applying.\\nThe age limit applies even if you work for a company. For example, you can’t be 17 but serve papers for a process server corporation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Register if you'll serve more than 10 papers annually.\", \"描述\": \"Technically, you don’t have to register if you only want to serve a few papers a year. However, state law does require registration if you serve more than 10. Estimate how much service you will do.\\nIf you’re a corporation or partnership, each employee who serves more than 10 papers must individually register as a process server.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain two headshot photos.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need two photographs if you are filing an initial registration. Your photographs should be 1”x1”. If you’re a corporation or partnership, you don’t need a photograph.\\nYou may be able to have the headshots taken at the county clerk’s office for a fee. Call ahead of time to check.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out a registration form.\", \"描述\": \"You can download the form from your county clerk’s website, or you can stop in and pick up a paper copy. There are separate forms depending on whether you are registering as an individual or as a corporation/partnership.\\nFill out the form but do not sign. You’ll sign in front of the court clerk.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have fingerprints taken.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to give fingerprints so the county can confirm you don’t have a felony conviction. If you are registering as a corporation or partnership, then all officers or partners must have fingerprinting done. In most counties, you’ll give Livescan fingerprints, but some counties still use fingerprint cards. Contact your county office for details.\\nGenerally, you’ll need to fill out a form to request the fingerprints. The form should be available from your county’s website.\\nYou’ll probably have fingerprints taken at your local law enforcement agency. Check whether you need to pay your fingerprinting fee at the time you have fingerprints taken.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a surety bond.\", \"描述\": \"You need to post a $2,000 bond. Research bonds online or contact a surety company. The bond must be good for the two years after you register. Typically, you’ll need to pay $50 for a $2,000 bond. A surety bond is not an errors and omissions policy, so don’t confuse the two.\\nYou might have to wait several weeks for your fingerprinting appointment, so you should hold off on buying the bond until you’ve been fingerprinted. Your bond must run for the entire two-year period that your process server certificate is valid.\\nDepending on your county, you may be able to make a cash deposit instead of posting a bond. Check with your county. For example, San Bernardino county will keep your cash deposit for three years after your registration expires.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Registering With Your County\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit your county clerk’s office.\", \"描述\": \"Take your registration form and a valid, government-issued photo identification, such as your driver’s license or passport. Go the county where you reside or, if you are a corporation or partnership, where you have your principal place of business.\\nYou may need to schedule an appointment first. Check your county clerk’s website to see.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign your registration under penalty of perjury.\", \"描述\": \"Individuals can sign for themselves. If you are a corporation, then at least two corporate officers will need to sign. At least two partners must sign for a partnership.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay your fee.\", \"描述\": \"Call ahead of time to check how much you will pay and what are acceptable methods of payment. Generally, it costs $134 to register as a process server, but each county will set its own fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Renew in a timely manner.\", \"描述\": \"Your certificate of registration is good for two years or until your bond expires, whichever is first. If you want to renew, you will need to submit one photo. You can renew up to 60 days before the registration expires.\\nIf you miss the deadline, you’ll need to have new fingerprinting completed.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"No test or educational course is required to become a process server in California.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n However, courses are offered, which you might find helpful.\\n\", \"The better your reputation, the more business you will get. You should study California’s Rules of Civil Procedure so you understand how to serve documents properly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,232 |
How to Become a California Resident
|
1. Establishing Your Residence in California
1-1. Plan to live in California for at least 9 months of the year.
When you move to California, you can immediately begin establishing your status as a resident. However, you will not be considered a legal resident in the state unless you live there at least 3/4 of the year.
If you have homes in more than one state, your California home should be your primary residence.
If you are trying to establish your residency in order to qualify for state tuition, you must live in California for more than a year (at least 366 days) directly before the residence determination date. To get state tuition you must also come to California with the intent to live there, not just to go to school.
1-2. Sign a lease on a house or apartment.
If you want to be a resident, you need to have a place to reside. Signing paperwork on a lease or mortgage is one of the first steps to become an official resident. If you don't have a place of residence, then it will be difficult to establish legal residence in the state. You must have a legal address to be considered a resident.
Save copies of this paperwork, as you’ll need it to demonstrate that you do in fact live in California now.
1-3. Use other papers to prove your residency if you aren't renting or buying.
If you don't own a house, don't pay rent, or just don't have a permanent address, you can attain a California driver's license or ID using other documents that show you are living in the state. Approved documents include the following:
Home utility bills, including cell phone
School documents with your date of birth
Medical documents
Employment documents
Faith based documents with the name and the address of the issuer
Insurance documents
IRS or California Franchise Tax Board returns
Vehicle or boat titles
Change of address confirmation for the postal service
Documents issued by a United States government agency
Property tax bill or statement
Records from a financial institution
Voter registration
Proof of tuition payment at a California college or university
Court documents that prove you live in California
A letter from a shelter on letterhead
A birth certificate or marriage license
1-4. Open or transfer your bank account.
When moving states, you should open a new account or transfer your account to the new state. Depending on where you move from and which bank you are using, you may or may not be able to simply change your address. Oftentimes, your bank must transfer your accounts to your new state. This is because states can have different banking laws and some banks have regional systems.
If your bank account has been at a local bank, close out your old account and open a new account at a California-based bank.
To transfer your account at a national or international banking institution, you may have to meet with a branch representative in-person, but some banking institutions allow you to call to arrange to have your accounts moved to the new state.
1-5. Put your utilities in your name.
Utility bills are a common document for proving residency, so make sure they’re in your name. They are often just as useful as leasing or mortgage paperwork in proving that you live in the state.
1-6. Pay property taxes in California.
Owning property in the state of California is a great way to establish residency. Once you start paying property taxes, the state will view you as a resident.
Keep in mind that you will need to meet other requirements if you plan to apply for resident tuition.
2. Attaining State Documents
2-1. Get a new driver’s license or non-driver ID.
Visit the California Department of Motor Vehicles to get a new state-issued card specific to California within 10 days of relocating to the state. Bring proof of your identification. If you are transferring a driver’s license, be prepared to pass both a written test and a driving test.
You must go in person.
The licensing fee is $35.
The DMV may waive your driving exam if you already hold a driver’s license from within the United States.
If you are an immigrant, you can attain a California ID if you are a legal resident of the United States. You will need to bring your U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued documents to prove your residency. #*Alternatively, if you are an undocumented immigrant, you can get an AB-60 license if you can show proof of identification and residence in California.
2-2. Transfer your vehicle registration.
The Department of Motor Vehicles can also help you transfer your vehicle registration. This is an important step as you can receive a ticket for not registering your car within 20 days. Before you get your car registered, you will need to get a smog/emissions test performed, unless your car was made prior to 1975.
Smog/emissions tests are performed by DMV-approved inspectors. They are valid for two years, but residents cannot use results from an out-of-state test.
Car safety inspections are not required in California.
2-3. Register to vote in California.
You can submit your voter’s registration form either online or via the mail. You must be a citizen of the United States, be a California resident, be at least 18-years-old on election day, have no felony restrictions that disallow voting, and be mentally competent. You will need to provide your California driver’s license number, your social security number, and your birthdate.
To vote in California, you must register by the 15th day prior to the election.
You can pick up a form at the DMV.
Visit this site to register to vote in California: http://registertovote.ca.gov/
If sharing your address could put you in danger, California offers alternatives for safe registration. You can call 877-322-5227 or visit http://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/.
3. Proving Residency for Tuition Purposes
3-1. Live in California for at least 366 days prior to applying for residency.
University tuition is much lower for residents, but to receive this tuition you must show that you intend to make California your home. To be considered a full-time California resident, you must have lived in the state for a year and a day prior to applying for residency status.
Students who were born out of the country must also meet INS requirements for residency in the United States. Paperwork should prove that they have been living in the United States for at least 366 days, coinciding with their move to California.
If you are an immigrant, you may be eligible for residency status if you are a permanent resident alien or an adult alien with a legal status that allows you to stay in the country after graduation. You must also meet the other residency requirements that all students must meet.
3-2. Terminate your ties to your prior state.
If you want to be considered a citizen of California, you can’t retain your citizenship to your prior state. This means that all of your personal documents must be transferred to California, and all of your belongings must be present in the state.
For example, you can’t maintain two homes in different states, yet apply for residency status.
3-3. Demonstrate to your school that California is your permanent home.
In-state tuition is not for individuals who are only planning to go to school in the state. You should intend to stay in California after you graduate. As such, you will need to provide paperwork that proves to the school that you plan to remain in the state.
Provide a copy of California license or ID.
Prove you have a legal residence in the state.
Show that your car is registered and insured in California.
Provide copies of bank statements, bills, and memberships with California addresses.
Demonstrate that you are paying taxes in the state.
3-4. Show you are financially independent if you're under 24.
You can attain residency status if your parents live in the state, but if they live outside the state, you must be financially independent. If you depend on financial support from your parents, you cannot attain California residency status for tuition purposes. This means that for a year prior to applying for residency, you must live full time in the state of California, support yourself on your own income or loans, and show that you intend to remain in the state permanently.
You must also be unmarried and not claimed as a dependent on anyone else’s tax return.
You must have supported yourself financially for two years before applying for residency status.
Your money can be earned or borrowed, but loans must be in your name only.
You must show documentation of where your money came from, such as pay stubs, loan documents, and bank statements.
You cannot have been claimed as a dependent on another person’s taxes during the two years you supported yourself.
Free room and board, even if gained through barter, does not count as self-sufficiency.
If you are over the age of 24 or married, then you are assumed to be financially independent unless someone else claims you as a dependent on their taxes.
3-5. Apply for residency status with your university.
Each university will have its own rules for submitting an application, which you can find online or through the school’s Office of the Registrar. You will need to submit documentation proving that you live in the state, intend to stay, are financially independent, and meet any additional requirements applied by your specific university.
Make sure to check with your school to ensure you meet all deadlines, which vary by university. Many schools require you to submit your application before May 1 and your paperwork by mid-July.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Establishing Your Residence in California\\n1-1. Plan to live in California for at least 9 months of the year.\\nWhen you move to California, you can immediately begin establishing your status as a resident. However, you will not be considered a legal resident in the state unless you live there at least 3/4 of the year.\\nIf you have homes in more than one state, your California home should be your primary residence.\\nIf you are trying to establish your residency in order to qualify for state tuition, you must live in California for more than a year (at least 366 days) directly before the residence determination date. To get state tuition you must also come to California with the intent to live there, not just to go to school.\\n1-2. Sign a lease on a house or apartment.\\nIf you want to be a resident, you need to have a place to reside. Signing paperwork on a lease or mortgage is one of the first steps to become an official resident. If you don't have a place of residence, then it will be difficult to establish legal residence in the state. You must have a legal address to be considered a resident.\\nSave copies of this paperwork, as you’ll need it to demonstrate that you do in fact live in California now.\\n1-3. Use other papers to prove your residency if you aren't renting or buying.\\nIf you don't own a house, don't pay rent, or just don't have a permanent address, you can attain a California driver's license or ID using other documents that show you are living in the state. Approved documents include the following:\\nHome utility bills, including cell phone\\nSchool documents with your date of birth\\nMedical documents\\nEmployment documents\\nFaith based documents with the name and the address of the issuer\\nInsurance documents\\nIRS or California Franchise Tax Board returns\\nVehicle or boat titles\\nChange of address confirmation for the postal service\\nDocuments issued by a United States government agency\\nProperty tax bill or statement\\nRecords from a financial institution\\nVoter registration\\nProof of tuition payment at a California college or university\\nCourt documents that prove you live in California\\nA letter from a shelter on letterhead\\nA birth certificate or marriage license\\n1-4. Open or transfer your bank account.\\nWhen moving states, you should open a new account or transfer your account to the new state. Depending on where you move from and which bank you are using, you may or may not be able to simply change your address. Oftentimes, your bank must transfer your accounts to your new state. This is because states can have different banking laws and some banks have regional systems.\\nIf your bank account has been at a local bank, close out your old account and open a new account at a California-based bank.\\nTo transfer your account at a national or international banking institution, you may have to meet with a branch representative in-person, but some banking institutions allow you to call to arrange to have your accounts moved to the new state.\\n1-5. Put your utilities in your name.\\nUtility bills are a common document for proving residency, so make sure they’re in your name. They are often just as useful as leasing or mortgage paperwork in proving that you live in the state.\\n1-6. Pay property taxes in California.\\nOwning property in the state of California is a great way to establish residency. Once you start paying property taxes, the state will view you as a resident.\\nKeep in mind that you will need to meet other requirements if you plan to apply for resident tuition.\\n2. Attaining State Documents\\n2-1. Get a new driver’s license or non-driver ID.\\nVisit the California Department of Motor Vehicles to get a new state-issued card specific to California within 10 days of relocating to the state. Bring proof of your identification. If you are transferring a driver’s license, be prepared to pass both a written test and a driving test.\\nYou must go in person.\\nThe licensing fee is $35.\\nThe DMV may waive your driving exam if you already hold a driver’s license from within the United States.\\nIf you are an immigrant, you can attain a California ID if you are a legal resident of the United States. You will need to bring your U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued documents to prove your residency. #*Alternatively, if you are an undocumented immigrant, you can get an AB-60 license if you can show proof of identification and residence in California.\\n2-2. Transfer your vehicle registration.\\nThe Department of Motor Vehicles can also help you transfer your vehicle registration. This is an important step as you can receive a ticket for not registering your car within 20 days. Before you get your car registered, you will need to get a smog/emissions test performed, unless your car was made prior to 1975.\\nSmog/emissions tests are performed by DMV-approved inspectors. They are valid for two years, but residents cannot use results from an out-of-state test.\\nCar safety inspections are not required in California.\\n2-3. Register to vote in California.\\nYou can submit your voter’s registration form either online or via the mail. You must be a citizen of the United States, be a California resident, be at least 18-years-old on election day, have no felony restrictions that disallow voting, and be mentally competent. You will need to provide your California driver’s license number, your social security number, and your birthdate.\\nTo vote in California, you must register by the 15th day prior to the election.\\nYou can pick up a form at the DMV.\\nVisit this site to register to vote in California: http://registertovote.ca.gov/\\nIf sharing your address could put you in danger, California offers alternatives for safe registration. You can call 877-322-5227 or visit http://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/.\\n3. Proving Residency for Tuition Purposes\\n3-1. Live in California for at least 366 days prior to applying for residency.\\nUniversity tuition is much lower for residents, but to receive this tuition you must show that you intend to make California your home. To be considered a full-time California resident, you must have lived in the state for a year and a day prior to applying for residency status.\\nStudents who were born out of the country must also meet INS requirements for residency in the United States. Paperwork should prove that they have been living in the United States for at least 366 days, coinciding with their move to California.\\nIf you are an immigrant, you may be eligible for residency status if you are a permanent resident alien or an adult alien with a legal status that allows you to stay in the country after graduation. You must also meet the other residency requirements that all students must meet.\\n3-2. Terminate your ties to your prior state.\\nIf you want to be considered a citizen of California, you can’t retain your citizenship to your prior state. This means that all of your personal documents must be transferred to California, and all of your belongings must be present in the state.\\nFor example, you can’t maintain two homes in different states, yet apply for residency status.\\n3-3. Demonstrate to your school that California is your permanent home.\\nIn-state tuition is not for individuals who are only planning to go to school in the state. You should intend to stay in California after you graduate. As such, you will need to provide paperwork that proves to the school that you plan to remain in the state.\\nProvide a copy of California license or ID.\\nProve you have a legal residence in the state.\\nShow that your car is registered and insured in California.\\nProvide copies of bank statements, bills, and memberships with California addresses.\\nDemonstrate that you are paying taxes in the state.\\n3-4. Show you are financially independent if you're under 24.\\nYou can attain residency status if your parents live in the state, but if they live outside the state, you must be financially independent. If you depend on financial support from your parents, you cannot attain California residency status for tuition purposes. This means that for a year prior to applying for residency, you must live full time in the state of California, support yourself on your own income or loans, and show that you intend to remain in the state permanently.\\nYou must also be unmarried and not claimed as a dependent on anyone else’s tax return.\\nYou must have supported yourself financially for two years before applying for residency status.\\nYour money can be earned or borrowed, but loans must be in your name only.\\nYou must show documentation of where your money came from, such as pay stubs, loan documents, and bank statements.\\nYou cannot have been claimed as a dependent on another person’s taxes during the two years you supported yourself.\\nFree room and board, even if gained through barter, does not count as self-sufficiency.\\nIf you are over the age of 24 or married, then you are assumed to be financially independent unless someone else claims you as a dependent on their taxes.\\n3-5. Apply for residency status with your university.\\nEach university will have its own rules for submitting an application, which you can find online or through the school’s Office of the Registrar. You will need to submit documentation proving that you live in the state, intend to stay, are financially independent, and meet any additional requirements applied by your specific university.\\nMake sure to check with your school to ensure you meet all deadlines, which vary by university. Many schools require you to submit your application before May 1 and your paperwork by mid-July.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're moving to California, then you may be wondering what it will take for you to become a resident of the state. While the process for becoming a resident is relatively easy, there are a few requirements to establish a legal record of residency. Once you establish your residence in California, you'll need to transfer your state documents. If you want to qualify for in-state college tuition, you'll have to meet additional requirements.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establishing Your Residence in California\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plan to live in California for at least 9 months of the year.\", \"描述\": \"When you move to California, you can immediately begin establishing your status as a resident. However, you will not be considered a legal resident in the state unless you live there at least 3/4 of the year.\\nIf you have homes in more than one state, your California home should be your primary residence.\\nIf you are trying to establish your residency in order to qualify for state tuition, you must live in California for more than a year (at least 366 days) directly before the residence determination date. To get state tuition you must also come to California with the intent to live there, not just to go to school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign a lease on a house or apartment.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a resident, you need to have a place to reside. Signing paperwork on a lease or mortgage is one of the first steps to become an official resident. If you don't have a place of residence, then it will be difficult to establish legal residence in the state. You must have a legal address to be considered a resident.\\nSave copies of this paperwork, as you’ll need it to demonstrate that you do in fact live in California now.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use other papers to prove your residency if you aren't renting or buying.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't own a house, don't pay rent, or just don't have a permanent address, you can attain a California driver's license or ID using other documents that show you are living in the state. Approved documents include the following:\\nHome utility bills, including cell phone\\nSchool documents with your date of birth\\nMedical documents\\nEmployment documents\\nFaith based documents with the name and the address of the issuer\\nInsurance documents\\nIRS or California Franchise Tax Board returns\\nVehicle or boat titles\\nChange of address confirmation for the postal service\\nDocuments issued by a United States government agency\\nProperty tax bill or statement\\nRecords from a financial institution\\nVoter registration\\nProof of tuition payment at a California college or university\\nCourt documents that prove you live in California\\nA letter from a shelter on letterhead\\nA birth certificate or marriage license\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Open or transfer your bank account.\", \"描述\": \"When moving states, you should open a new account or transfer your account to the new state. Depending on where you move from and which bank you are using, you may or may not be able to simply change your address. Oftentimes, your bank must transfer your accounts to your new state. This is because states can have different banking laws and some banks have regional systems.\\nIf your bank account has been at a local bank, close out your old account and open a new account at a California-based bank.\\nTo transfer your account at a national or international banking institution, you may have to meet with a branch representative in-person, but some banking institutions allow you to call to arrange to have your accounts moved to the new state.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Put your utilities in your name.\", \"描述\": \"Utility bills are a common document for proving residency, so make sure they’re in your name. They are often just as useful as leasing or mortgage paperwork in proving that you live in the state.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pay property taxes in California.\", \"描述\": \"Owning property in the state of California is a great way to establish residency. Once you start paying property taxes, the state will view you as a resident.\\nKeep in mind that you will need to meet other requirements if you plan to apply for resident tuition.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attaining State Documents\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a new driver’s license or non-driver ID.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the California Department of Motor Vehicles to get a new state-issued card specific to California within 10 days of relocating to the state. Bring proof of your identification. If you are transferring a driver’s license, be prepared to pass both a written test and a driving test.\\nYou must go in person.\\nThe licensing fee is $35.\\nThe DMV may waive your driving exam if you already hold a driver’s license from within the United States.\\nIf you are an immigrant, you can attain a California ID if you are a legal resident of the United States. You will need to bring your U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued documents to prove your residency. #*Alternatively, if you are an undocumented immigrant, you can get an AB-60 license if you can show proof of identification and residence in California.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Transfer your vehicle registration.\", \"描述\": \"The Department of Motor Vehicles can also help you transfer your vehicle registration. This is an important step as you can receive a ticket for not registering your car within 20 days. Before you get your car registered, you will need to get a smog/emissions test performed, unless your car was made prior to 1975.\\nSmog/emissions tests are performed by DMV-approved inspectors. They are valid for two years, but residents cannot use results from an out-of-state test.\\nCar safety inspections are not required in California.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register to vote in California.\", \"描述\": \"You can submit your voter’s registration form either online or via the mail. You must be a citizen of the United States, be a California resident, be at least 18-years-old on election day, have no felony restrictions that disallow voting, and be mentally competent. You will need to provide your California driver’s license number, your social security number, and your birthdate.\\nTo vote in California, you must register by the 15th day prior to the election.\\nYou can pick up a form at the DMV.\\nVisit this site to register to vote in California: http://registertovote.ca.gov/\\nIf sharing your address could put you in danger, California offers alternatives for safe registration. You can call 877-322-5227 or visit http://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Proving Residency for Tuition Purposes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live in California for at least 366 days prior to applying for residency.\", \"描述\": \"University tuition is much lower for residents, but to receive this tuition you must show that you intend to make California your home. To be considered a full-time California resident, you must have lived in the state for a year and a day prior to applying for residency status.\\nStudents who were born out of the country must also meet INS requirements for residency in the United States. Paperwork should prove that they have been living in the United States for at least 366 days, coinciding with their move to California.\\nIf you are an immigrant, you may be eligible for residency status if you are a permanent resident alien or an adult alien with a legal status that allows you to stay in the country after graduation. You must also meet the other residency requirements that all students must meet.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Terminate your ties to your prior state.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be considered a citizen of California, you can’t retain your citizenship to your prior state. This means that all of your personal documents must be transferred to California, and all of your belongings must be present in the state.\\nFor example, you can’t maintain two homes in different states, yet apply for residency status.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate to your school that California is your permanent home.\", \"描述\": \"In-state tuition is not for individuals who are only planning to go to school in the state. You should intend to stay in California after you graduate. As such, you will need to provide paperwork that proves to the school that you plan to remain in the state.\\nProvide a copy of California license or ID.\\nProve you have a legal residence in the state.\\nShow that your car is registered and insured in California.\\nProvide copies of bank statements, bills, and memberships with California addresses.\\nDemonstrate that you are paying taxes in the state.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Show you are financially independent if you're under 24.\", \"描述\": \"You can attain residency status if your parents live in the state, but if they live outside the state, you must be financially independent. If you depend on financial support from your parents, you cannot attain California residency status for tuition purposes. This means that for a year prior to applying for residency, you must live full time in the state of California, support yourself on your own income or loans, and show that you intend to remain in the state permanently.\\nYou must also be unmarried and not claimed as a dependent on anyone else’s tax return.\\nYou must have supported yourself financially for two years before applying for residency status.\\nYour money can be earned or borrowed, but loans must be in your name only.\\nYou must show documentation of where your money came from, such as pay stubs, loan documents, and bank statements.\\nYou cannot have been claimed as a dependent on another person’s taxes during the two years you supported yourself.\\nFree room and board, even if gained through barter, does not count as self-sufficiency.\\nIf you are over the age of 24 or married, then you are assumed to be financially independent unless someone else claims you as a dependent on their taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for residency status with your university.\", \"描述\": \"Each university will have its own rules for submitting an application, which you can find online or through the school’s Office of the Registrar. You will need to submit documentation proving that you live in the state, intend to stay, are financially independent, and meet any additional requirements applied by your specific university.\\nMake sure to check with your school to ensure you meet all deadlines, which vary by university. Many schools require you to submit your application before May 1 and your paperwork by mid-July.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,233 |
How to Become a Calvin Klein Model
|
1. Refining Your Appearance
1-1. Do cardio 4-5 days per week to stay lean.
A gym membership will be your best friend if you plan on having a future as a professional model. Begin performing cardiovascular exercise like running, swimming, cycling, or aerobics in order to stay trim and healthy. Your goal should be to get your heart rate up, break a sweat, and maintain a steady pace for 30 minutes to an hour at a time.
To continue seeing progress and maintain your figure, you'll need to find time to fit regular exercise into your busy schedule.
Consider hiring a personal trainer to help you reach your fitness goals.
1-2. Perform some form of resistance training 3-4 times a week.
Muscle-building exercises like weightlifting or calisthenics will also be necessary if you're interested specifically in underwear modeling. These activities increase your muscle mass and sculpt a more athletic looking build. Emphasize the parts of your physique that will stand out during photoshoots, like your biceps, triceps, abs, pectorals, and quadriceps.
Focus on high repetition, moderate intensity workouts, completing roughly 4-5 sets of 10-15 reps per muscle group.
Assuming you don't have access to a gym, you can still get your resistance training in at home by doing air squats, wall-sits, push ups, pull ups, crunches, and other bodyweight movements.
1-3. Get your diet in check.
Start making sound nutritional choices. All of the major food groups, including lean protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and fiber, should be represented in each meal you eat. Stick to the portion sizes recommended on packaged food products will help you avoid overeating.
When you get hungry between meals, snack on wholesome offerings like fruit, nuts, yogurt, and whole grains. That way, you won't be tempted to stuff yourself later on.
Cut out overly fattening or sugary offerings, like fried foods, sweets, and alcohol. Not only are these types of items high in calories, they can also cause breakouts and other skincare issues.
1-4. Take care of your skin.
Get in the habit of applying moisturizer to your entire body daily. You'll be showing a lot of skin, so it's important to keep it smooth, supple, and properly hydrated. For your face, start using a nourishing face cream or mask designed to prevent wrinkles and blemishes.
Be sure to wear sunblock with a high SPF anytime you're out in the sunshine for extended periods.
A good medicated lotion can be useful for protecting your skin from dryness and damage in colder climates.
1-5. Make sure you're getting plenty of sleep.
Sleep is essential for your overall health. A good night's rest will have you looking and feeling ready to take on the world. It also relieves stress and keeps your hormone levels normal, which will lower your chances of an inconvenient breakout.
Most people need between 6 and 8 hours of sleep every night to be at their best.
If your busy schedule doesn't permit you to sleep straight through the night, try taking a couple short 15-20 minute naps throughout the day.
1-6. Get comfortable showing off your body.
Calvin Klein is famous for their sexy ad campaigns, where models are often shown posing in their underwear. This means that if you're lucky enough to land the job, you may be expected to wear revealing clothing. Try taking a little more off each time you pose for a photoshoot until it's no longer a big deal to rock your skivvies.
Embrace the way you look. Every body is different and beautiful in its own unique way.
You don't have get undressed to have a shot at becoming the face of Calvin Klein. The company uses models to showcase many different clothing styles.
2. Gaining Experience as a Model
2-1. Practice posing in front of the mirror.
If you've never done any kind of modeling before, one of the best ways to get your toes wet is to imitate the pros from the privacy of your own home. Flip through fashion magazines or watch runway shows for inspiration, then do your best to mimic the types of poses and facial expressions you see there as closely as you can.
Try putting on a range of different emotions, like serious, excited, confident, playful, fierce.
You may feel a little ridiculous at first, but that's okay. Don't be afraid to laugh at yourself, and, above all, have fun!
2-2. Have some pictures made for your portfolio
Posing in front of the mirror will only get you so far. When you feel like you're ready, set your camera up on a timer or ask a friend to take some snaps for you. You'll then be able to look over the shots and see what parts of your presentation are working and what still needs work.
If you're serious about improving your craft, schedule a photoshoot with a professional photographer. They'll be able to offer guidance about how to hold yourself and respond to taking directions.
2-3. Choose your most impressive shots for your portfolio.
Go through the pictures you've taken during your shoots and pick out a dozen or so that show off your best features. These should represent as broad an overview as possible, from sporty to formal. Be sure to include a few full body shots as well close-ups.
You'll need a strong portfolio if you're going to have any hope of finding a modeling agency to represent you and being sought out for auditions.
The more versatile you are as a model, the more roles you can fill, and the more hireable you'll be as a result.
2-4. Work with a modeling agency
Submit your portfolio to an agency in your area and find out what other requirements there are for them to represent you. Once you're linked up with an agency, you'll have an opportunity to work with professional photographers and talent managers who are knowledgeable about the particulars of the industry. These people will look after the nitty-gritty business details so you can focus on getting your face out there.
Modeling agencies typically take 15-30% cut of their models' earnings in exchange for tracking down jobs, handling promotion duties, and setting up shoots and auditions.
While it's not strictly necessary to be represented by a modeling agency to make it as a professional model, it can be a huge advantage, especially when you're first starting out.
Try to work with a New York modeling agency. New York is the pivotal center for working with fashion designers.
2-5. Get exposure by securing professional jobs.
Put as many paid gigs under your belt as you can. It doesn't matter if it's just a shoot for a community college brochure or an insert in a circular for your local grocery store chain. No job is too small if it means potentially being discovered by a talent scout for a notable company.
In order to reach the level of visibility sought out by brands as prestigious as Calvin Klein, you should be prepared to devote yourself to your modeling career full time.
2-6. Watch out for scams.
Unfortunately, there are a lot of so-called professionals out there who are just looking to make a quick buck at an aspiring model's expense. Be suspicious of agents who demand payment before they've performed any services, or tell you that you're not allowed to choose your own photographers. Contracts with vague or unusual terms or requests to pay only in cash should also be considered major red flags.
Before you agree to sign with a certain talent agency, do a little digging online and find out what you can about their history, staff, and reputation in the industry.
Anyone who tries to manipulate you by telling you they hold the keys to your success or that you would be nothing without them doesn't have your best interest in mind.
3. Attracting the Attention of Calvin Klein
3-1. Submit your portfolio to directly to the brand.
Mail a collection of your proudest shots to the Calvin Klein corporate office, or send a digital copy through email. Even if they're not holding auditions, it won't hurt for them to have your name and face on file. It may make you more likely to be considered for future projects.
If you're working with an agent, see if they can get in touch with Calvin Klein's modeling directors on your behalf.
If you apply to the Calvin Klein website on your own, the brand may not reply, or they might ask you to apply with an agency.
3-2. Stay up to date about potential opportunities.
Talk to reliable insiders, read industry news, and check Calvin Klein's social media accounts regularly to find out when they're on the lookout for new models. By keeping yourself informed, you can make sure that your schedule is clear and in you're in the right area when auditions open.
It's likely that someone in your agency will have caught wind of an upcoming campaign before it begins casting.
Calvin Klein auditions are highly exclusive events. Keep in mind that having an inside line won't guarantee that your chances will be better than anyone else's.
3-3. Audition for Calvin Klein ad campaigns.
With enough high-profile gigs under your belt, you may be fortunate enough to score an invite to try out for the brand's next big. Do everything in your power to be there and show them what you've got. If they like what they see, you'll get a call back for a second or third round of auditions, and may eventually be the one chosen for the job.
Calvin Klein doesn't hold open modeling auditions. The company has grown so big that their casting directors bring in new models by invitation only.
It may take years of hard work before you've gained enough exposure to end up on the brand's radar.
3-4. Take rejection in stride.
The world of professional modeling is a competitive one. Be prepared to accept the decisions of the casting directors and learn to develop an open mindset towards criticism. Rather than letting it discourage you, use it to sharpen your image and apply what you've learned when it comes time for your next shoot.
Being turned down doesn't mean you're no good as a model. It just means you weren't what the higher-ups had in mind for a particular shoot or campaign.
Nobody becomes a success overnight, but all it takes is one lucky break to become an overnight sensation.
Tips
Build your following on social media. These days, more and more hopeful models are being discovered through their photos on platforms like Instagram and Tumblr.
Don't worry if you don't happen to fit the stereotypical image of a fashion model. New opportunities are constantly opening up for models of all shapes and sizes as diversity becomes recognized as something worth celebrating in the fashion industry.
It may be helpful to stay up to date on Calvin Klein's various clothing lines so you'll be familiar with what sort of aesthetic their casting directors are looking for.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Refining Your Appearance\\n1-1. Do cardio 4-5 days per week to stay lean.\\nA gym membership will be your best friend if you plan on having a future as a professional model. Begin performing cardiovascular exercise like running, swimming, cycling, or aerobics in order to stay trim and healthy. Your goal should be to get your heart rate up, break a sweat, and maintain a steady pace for 30 minutes to an hour at a time.\\nTo continue seeing progress and maintain your figure, you'll need to find time to fit regular exercise into your busy schedule.\\nConsider hiring a personal trainer to help you reach your fitness goals.\\n1-2. Perform some form of resistance training 3-4 times a week.\\nMuscle-building exercises like weightlifting or calisthenics will also be necessary if you're interested specifically in underwear modeling. These activities increase your muscle mass and sculpt a more athletic looking build. Emphasize the parts of your physique that will stand out during photoshoots, like your biceps, triceps, abs, pectorals, and quadriceps.\\nFocus on high repetition, moderate intensity workouts, completing roughly 4-5 sets of 10-15 reps per muscle group.\\nAssuming you don't have access to a gym, you can still get your resistance training in at home by doing air squats, wall-sits, push ups, pull ups, crunches, and other bodyweight movements.\\n1-3. Get your diet in check.\\nStart making sound nutritional choices. All of the major food groups, including lean protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and fiber, should be represented in each meal you eat. Stick to the portion sizes recommended on packaged food products will help you avoid overeating.\\nWhen you get hungry between meals, snack on wholesome offerings like fruit, nuts, yogurt, and whole grains. That way, you won't be tempted to stuff yourself later on.\\nCut out overly fattening or sugary offerings, like fried foods, sweets, and alcohol. Not only are these types of items high in calories, they can also cause breakouts and other skincare issues.\\n1-4. Take care of your skin.\\nGet in the habit of applying moisturizer to your entire body daily. You'll be showing a lot of skin, so it's important to keep it smooth, supple, and properly hydrated. For your face, start using a nourishing face cream or mask designed to prevent wrinkles and blemishes.\\nBe sure to wear sunblock with a high SPF anytime you're out in the sunshine for extended periods.\\nA good medicated lotion can be useful for protecting your skin from dryness and damage in colder climates.\\n1-5. Make sure you're getting plenty of sleep.\\nSleep is essential for your overall health. A good night's rest will have you looking and feeling ready to take on the world. It also relieves stress and keeps your hormone levels normal, which will lower your chances of an inconvenient breakout.\\nMost people need between 6 and 8 hours of sleep every night to be at their best.\\nIf your busy schedule doesn't permit you to sleep straight through the night, try taking a couple short 15-20 minute naps throughout the day.\\n1-6. Get comfortable showing off your body.\\nCalvin Klein is famous for their sexy ad campaigns, where models are often shown posing in their underwear. This means that if you're lucky enough to land the job, you may be expected to wear revealing clothing. Try taking a little more off each time you pose for a photoshoot until it's no longer a big deal to rock your skivvies.\\nEmbrace the way you look. Every body is different and beautiful in its own unique way.\\nYou don't have get undressed to have a shot at becoming the face of Calvin Klein. The company uses models to showcase many different clothing styles.\\n2. Gaining Experience as a Model\\n2-1. Practice posing in front of the mirror.\\nIf you've never done any kind of modeling before, one of the best ways to get your toes wet is to imitate the pros from the privacy of your own home. Flip through fashion magazines or watch runway shows for inspiration, then do your best to mimic the types of poses and facial expressions you see there as closely as you can.\\nTry putting on a range of different emotions, like serious, excited, confident, playful, fierce.\\nYou may feel a little ridiculous at first, but that's okay. Don't be afraid to laugh at yourself, and, above all, have fun!\\n2-2. Have some pictures made for your portfolio\\nPosing in front of the mirror will only get you so far. When you feel like you're ready, set your camera up on a timer or ask a friend to take some snaps for you. You'll then be able to look over the shots and see what parts of your presentation are working and what still needs work.\\nIf you're serious about improving your craft, schedule a photoshoot with a professional photographer. They'll be able to offer guidance about how to hold yourself and respond to taking directions.\\n2-3. Choose your most impressive shots for your portfolio.\\nGo through the pictures you've taken during your shoots and pick out a dozen or so that show off your best features. These should represent as broad an overview as possible, from sporty to formal. Be sure to include a few full body shots as well close-ups.\\nYou'll need a strong portfolio if you're going to have any hope of finding a modeling agency to represent you and being sought out for auditions.\\nThe more versatile you are as a model, the more roles you can fill, and the more hireable you'll be as a result.\\n2-4. Work with a modeling agency\\nSubmit your portfolio to an agency in your area and find out what other requirements there are for them to represent you. Once you're linked up with an agency, you'll have an opportunity to work with professional photographers and talent managers who are knowledgeable about the particulars of the industry. These people will look after the nitty-gritty business details so you can focus on getting your face out there.\\nModeling agencies typically take 15-30% cut of their models' earnings in exchange for tracking down jobs, handling promotion duties, and setting up shoots and auditions.\\nWhile it's not strictly necessary to be represented by a modeling agency to make it as a professional model, it can be a huge advantage, especially when you're first starting out.\\nTry to work with a New York modeling agency. New York is the pivotal center for working with fashion designers.\\n2-5. Get exposure by securing professional jobs.\\nPut as many paid gigs under your belt as you can. It doesn't matter if it's just a shoot for a community college brochure or an insert in a circular for your local grocery store chain. No job is too small if it means potentially being discovered by a talent scout for a notable company.\\nIn order to reach the level of visibility sought out by brands as prestigious as Calvin Klein, you should be prepared to devote yourself to your modeling career full time.\\n2-6. Watch out for scams.\\nUnfortunately, there are a lot of so-called professionals out there who are just looking to make a quick buck at an aspiring model's expense. Be suspicious of agents who demand payment before they've performed any services, or tell you that you're not allowed to choose your own photographers. Contracts with vague or unusual terms or requests to pay only in cash should also be considered major red flags.\\nBefore you agree to sign with a certain talent agency, do a little digging online and find out what you can about their history, staff, and reputation in the industry.\\nAnyone who tries to manipulate you by telling you they hold the keys to your success or that you would be nothing without them doesn't have your best interest in mind.\\n3. Attracting the Attention of Calvin Klein\\n3-1. Submit your portfolio to directly to the brand.\\nMail a collection of your proudest shots to the Calvin Klein corporate office, or send a digital copy through email. Even if they're not holding auditions, it won't hurt for them to have your name and face on file. It may make you more likely to be considered for future projects.\\nIf you're working with an agent, see if they can get in touch with Calvin Klein's modeling directors on your behalf.\\nIf you apply to the Calvin Klein website on your own, the brand may not reply, or they might ask you to apply with an agency.\\n3-2. Stay up to date about potential opportunities.\\nTalk to reliable insiders, read industry news, and check Calvin Klein's social media accounts regularly to find out when they're on the lookout for new models. By keeping yourself informed, you can make sure that your schedule is clear and in you're in the right area when auditions open.\\nIt's likely that someone in your agency will have caught wind of an upcoming campaign before it begins casting.\\nCalvin Klein auditions are highly exclusive events. Keep in mind that having an inside line won't guarantee that your chances will be better than anyone else's.\\n3-3. Audition for Calvin Klein ad campaigns.\\nWith enough high-profile gigs under your belt, you may be fortunate enough to score an invite to try out for the brand's next big. Do everything in your power to be there and show them what you've got. If they like what they see, you'll get a call back for a second or third round of auditions, and may eventually be the one chosen for the job.\\nCalvin Klein doesn't hold open modeling auditions. The company has grown so big that their casting directors bring in new models by invitation only.\\nIt may take years of hard work before you've gained enough exposure to end up on the brand's radar.\\n3-4. Take rejection in stride.\\nThe world of professional modeling is a competitive one. Be prepared to accept the decisions of the casting directors and learn to develop an open mindset towards criticism. Rather than letting it discourage you, use it to sharpen your image and apply what you've learned when it comes time for your next shoot.\\nBeing turned down doesn't mean you're no good as a model. It just means you weren't what the higher-ups had in mind for a particular shoot or campaign.\\nNobody becomes a success overnight, but all it takes is one lucky break to become an overnight sensation.\\nTips\\nBuild your following on social media. These days, more and more hopeful models are being discovered through their photos on platforms like Instagram and Tumblr.\\nDon't worry if you don't happen to fit the stereotypical image of a fashion model. New opportunities are constantly opening up for models of all shapes and sizes as diversity becomes recognized as something worth celebrating in the fashion industry.\\nIt may be helpful to stay up to date on Calvin Klein's various clothing lines so you'll be familiar with what sort of aesthetic their casting directors are looking for.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're one of the millions aspiring to become a famous fashion model, seeing your face on a Calvin Klein billboard may seem like nothing more than a pipe dream. But there are ways to make that dream a reality. First and foremost, you'll need to sculpt your figure through a combination of diet, exercise, and good lifestyle choices and develop a look that helps you stand out from the crowd. With a solid foundation in place, you can begin developing your modeling skills by practicing posing and facial expressions, compiling an impressive portfolio, and finding a talent agency to represent you. After that, it will simply be a matter of gaining more and more exposure until you get the call that changes your life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Refining Your Appearance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do cardio 4-5 days per week to stay lean.\", \"描述\": \"A gym membership will be your best friend if you plan on having a future as a professional model. Begin performing cardiovascular exercise like running, swimming, cycling, or aerobics in order to stay trim and healthy. Your goal should be to get your heart rate up, break a sweat, and maintain a steady pace for 30 minutes to an hour at a time.\\nTo continue seeing progress and maintain your figure, you'll need to find time to fit regular exercise into your busy schedule.\\nConsider hiring a personal trainer to help you reach your fitness goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform some form of resistance training 3-4 times a week.\", \"描述\": \"Muscle-building exercises like weightlifting or calisthenics will also be necessary if you're interested specifically in underwear modeling. These activities increase your muscle mass and sculpt a more athletic looking build. Emphasize the parts of your physique that will stand out during photoshoots, like your biceps, triceps, abs, pectorals, and quadriceps.\\nFocus on high repetition, moderate intensity workouts, completing roughly 4-5 sets of 10-15 reps per muscle group.\\nAssuming you don't have access to a gym, you can still get your resistance training in at home by doing air squats, wall-sits, push ups, pull ups, crunches, and other bodyweight movements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your diet in check.\", \"描述\": \"Start making sound nutritional choices. All of the major food groups, including lean protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and fiber, should be represented in each meal you eat. Stick to the portion sizes recommended on packaged food products will help you avoid overeating.\\nWhen you get hungry between meals, snack on wholesome offerings like fruit, nuts, yogurt, and whole grains. That way, you won't be tempted to stuff yourself later on.\\nCut out overly fattening or sugary offerings, like fried foods, sweets, and alcohol. Not only are these types of items high in calories, they can also cause breakouts and other skincare issues.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take care of your skin.\", \"描述\": \"Get in the habit of applying moisturizer to your entire body daily. You'll be showing a lot of skin, so it's important to keep it smooth, supple, and properly hydrated. For your face, start using a nourishing face cream or mask designed to prevent wrinkles and blemishes.\\nBe sure to wear sunblock with a high SPF anytime you're out in the sunshine for extended periods.\\nA good medicated lotion can be useful for protecting your skin from dryness and damage in colder climates.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make sure you're getting plenty of sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Sleep is essential for your overall health. A good night's rest will have you looking and feeling ready to take on the world. It also relieves stress and keeps your hormone levels normal, which will lower your chances of an inconvenient breakout.\\nMost people need between 6 and 8 hours of sleep every night to be at their best.\\nIf your busy schedule doesn't permit you to sleep straight through the night, try taking a couple short 15-20 minute naps throughout the day.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get comfortable showing off your body.\", \"描述\": \"Calvin Klein is famous for their sexy ad campaigns, where models are often shown posing in their underwear. This means that if you're lucky enough to land the job, you may be expected to wear revealing clothing. Try taking a little more off each time you pose for a photoshoot until it's no longer a big deal to rock your skivvies.\\nEmbrace the way you look. Every body is different and beautiful in its own unique way.\\nYou don't have get undressed to have a shot at becoming the face of Calvin Klein. The company uses models to showcase many different clothing styles.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience as a Model\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice posing in front of the mirror.\", \"描述\": \"If you've never done any kind of modeling before, one of the best ways to get your toes wet is to imitate the pros from the privacy of your own home. Flip through fashion magazines or watch runway shows for inspiration, then do your best to mimic the types of poses and facial expressions you see there as closely as you can.\\nTry putting on a range of different emotions, like serious, excited, confident, playful, fierce.\\nYou may feel a little ridiculous at first, but that's okay. Don't be afraid to laugh at yourself, and, above all, have fun!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have some pictures made for your portfolio\", \"描述\": \"Posing in front of the mirror will only get you so far. When you feel like you're ready, set your camera up on a timer or ask a friend to take some snaps for you. You'll then be able to look over the shots and see what parts of your presentation are working and what still needs work.\\nIf you're serious about improving your craft, schedule a photoshoot with a professional photographer. They'll be able to offer guidance about how to hold yourself and respond to taking directions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose your most impressive shots for your portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"Go through the pictures you've taken during your shoots and pick out a dozen or so that show off your best features. These should represent as broad an overview as possible, from sporty to formal. Be sure to include a few full body shots as well close-ups.\\nYou'll need a strong portfolio if you're going to have any hope of finding a modeling agency to represent you and being sought out for auditions.\\nThe more versatile you are as a model, the more roles you can fill, and the more hireable you'll be as a result.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work with a modeling agency\", \"描述\": \"Submit your portfolio to an agency in your area and find out what other requirements there are for them to represent you. Once you're linked up with an agency, you'll have an opportunity to work with professional photographers and talent managers who are knowledgeable about the particulars of the industry. These people will look after the nitty-gritty business details so you can focus on getting your face out there.\\nModeling agencies typically take 15-30% cut of their models' earnings in exchange for tracking down jobs, handling promotion duties, and setting up shoots and auditions.\\nWhile it's not strictly necessary to be represented by a modeling agency to make it as a professional model, it can be a huge advantage, especially when you're first starting out.\\nTry to work with a New York modeling agency. New York is the pivotal center for working with fashion designers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get exposure by securing professional jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Put as many paid gigs under your belt as you can. It doesn't matter if it's just a shoot for a community college brochure or an insert in a circular for your local grocery store chain. No job is too small if it means potentially being discovered by a talent scout for a notable company.\\nIn order to reach the level of visibility sought out by brands as prestigious as Calvin Klein, you should be prepared to devote yourself to your modeling career full time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Watch out for scams.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, there are a lot of so-called professionals out there who are just looking to make a quick buck at an aspiring model's expense. Be suspicious of agents who demand payment before they've performed any services, or tell you that you're not allowed to choose your own photographers. Contracts with vague or unusual terms or requests to pay only in cash should also be considered major red flags.\\nBefore you agree to sign with a certain talent agency, do a little digging online and find out what you can about their history, staff, and reputation in the industry.\\nAnyone who tries to manipulate you by telling you they hold the keys to your success or that you would be nothing without them doesn't have your best interest in mind.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attracting the Attention of Calvin Klein\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Submit your portfolio to directly to the brand.\", \"描述\": \"Mail a collection of your proudest shots to the Calvin Klein corporate office, or send a digital copy through email. Even if they're not holding auditions, it won't hurt for them to have your name and face on file. It may make you more likely to be considered for future projects.\\nIf you're working with an agent, see if they can get in touch with Calvin Klein's modeling directors on your behalf.\\nIf you apply to the Calvin Klein website on your own, the brand may not reply, or they might ask you to apply with an agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay up to date about potential opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to reliable insiders, read industry news, and check Calvin Klein's social media accounts regularly to find out when they're on the lookout for new models. By keeping yourself informed, you can make sure that your schedule is clear and in you're in the right area when auditions open.\\nIt's likely that someone in your agency will have caught wind of an upcoming campaign before it begins casting.\\nCalvin Klein auditions are highly exclusive events. Keep in mind that having an inside line won't guarantee that your chances will be better than anyone else's.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Audition for Calvin Klein ad campaigns.\", \"描述\": \"With enough high-profile gigs under your belt, you may be fortunate enough to score an invite to try out for the brand's next big. Do everything in your power to be there and show them what you've got. If they like what they see, you'll get a call back for a second or third round of auditions, and may eventually be the one chosen for the job.\\nCalvin Klein doesn't hold open modeling auditions. The company has grown so big that their casting directors bring in new models by invitation only.\\nIt may take years of hard work before you've gained enough exposure to end up on the brand's radar.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take rejection in stride.\", \"描述\": \"The world of professional modeling is a competitive one. Be prepared to accept the decisions of the casting directors and learn to develop an open mindset towards criticism. Rather than letting it discourage you, use it to sharpen your image and apply what you've learned when it comes time for your next shoot.\\nBeing turned down doesn't mean you're no good as a model. It just means you weren't what the higher-ups had in mind for a particular shoot or campaign.\\nNobody becomes a success overnight, but all it takes is one lucky break to become an overnight sensation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Build your following on social media. These days, more and more hopeful models are being discovered through their photos on platforms like Instagram and Tumblr.\\n\", \"Don't worry if you don't happen to fit the stereotypical image of a fashion model. New opportunities are constantly opening up for models of all shapes and sizes as diversity becomes recognized as something worth celebrating in the fashion industry.\\n\", \"It may be helpful to stay up to date on Calvin Klein's various clothing lines so you'll be familiar with what sort of aesthetic their casting directors are looking for.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,234 |
How to Become a Cameraman
|
1. Developing Skills Early
1-1. Take appropriate courses in high school.
Fill your electives with subjects like photography and videography, if available. If your school doesn’t offer them directly, speak with your guidance counselor about any technological/vocational schools that may be part of your school district. Pursue the subject through extracurricular activities, such as audio/visual clubs, if no such courses exist.
As an alternative, take computer courses with curricula that touch on graphic editing. Concepts learned here can help inform later experiences with digital videos.
1-2. Apply for relevant jobs.
Spend your time in high school or college working for a company in a related field. Prioritize the experience that the position offers over pay. If necessary, volunteer your time. Use this opportunity to familiar yourself with equipment, lingo, and demands of a professional shoot. If necessary, settle for a position that will allow you to observe, if not participate directly in the shoot. Seek positions with such organizations as:
Cable access channels
Independent film productions
Local news affiliates
Local videographers
Production companies
Supply stores or rental companies
1-3. Train yourself.
Regardless of the quality of the equipment you have on hand, practice both still and video photography on your own. Develop the skills necessary to compose shots and track moving objects in frame. Learn how to operate both handheld and mounted cameras.
Concentrate on the following aspects of photography/videography: color balance; field depth; frames per second; lenses; lighting; view angles.
Seize every opportunity to cover events: volunteer for family functions like birthday parties, weddings, and reunions; use school functions like concerts, plays, and sports games for practice; attend other events like parades and reenactments.
2. Advancing Your Training
2-1. Decide if pursuing a degree is right for you.
Expect to face a high amount of competition for employment as a cameraman. Consider earning a two- or four-year degree in order to gain more experience, knowledge, and credentials to set yourself apart from other candidates. However, weigh these gains against your personal finances. Be aware that when you enter the field, you will most likely have to begin your career with a low-wage entry-level position or even a volunteer position. Factor this likelihood into your debate over whether or not to incur the added expense and possible debt of higher education.
While a degree will likely bolster your resume, some production companies value enthusiasm and ambition over a diploma. If you are passionate about this career, they may still consider your application and hire you based on that passion.
2-2. Choose the right school.
Research colleges and universities that offer associate or bachelor’s degrees in film and TV production. Check with their career centers to see how many students find employment after graduation. Visit each school to talk with professors and department heads. Find out the following:
How much coursework is actually devoted to physically operating a camera?
Do they have a studio on campus, or is training done exclusively “in the field?”
How up-to-date is their equipment?
2-3. Earn your degree.
Once you have applied and been accepted by your school of choice, apply yourself wholeheartedly to your curriculum. Use this formal education to round out your technical prowess with the camera. Save your recorded projects to edit together for a demo reel once you are ready to seek employment. Aim to master the following concepts:
Audio
Composition
Color/shading
Editing
Field depth
Frame rates
Framing shots
Lenses
Lighting
Location shoots
Resolution
Studio shoots
2-4. Apply for internships.
Visit your department or the career center as soon as you enroll. Find out how many credits you need to earn before you are eligible for internships. Once you have covered the prerequisites, apply as soon as possible. Gain firsthand experience with professional shoots. Establish contacts within the industry. Expect your position as an intern to allow you limited access (if any) to operating cameras, but use this opportunity to observe the day-to-day demands of your prospective career. If possible, apply to multiple internships in order to cover the three most common type of shoots:
In-studio, where shoots are done in a controlled environment with choreographed camerawork determined by a director.
Live coverage of scheduled events, such as sports, concerts, and speeches. Directors predetermine where to set cameras for optimum coverage, but cameramen must be prepared for the unexpected and respond quickly to new directions.
In-the-field coverage, which may include electronic news gathering (ENG) or wildlife photography. Cameramen must have strong instincts and react quickly to the unscripted nature of the job.
3. Seeking Employment
3-1. Work your way up.
Expect to have to start your career via an entry-level position that does not involve directly operating cameras. Apply for a position as a production assistant to get your foot in the door. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the production company’s assignments, equipment, and operating procedures. Excel at your job to demonstrate your commitment and capabilities to your coworkers and supervisors so that they will be quick to consider you for your desired position as cameraman.
Similarly, begin your job search with smaller production companies and local network affiliates. Larger companies may have unionized work forces with less turnover and fewer opportunities for applicants with little or no experience.
Search online for openings at companies you wish to work for or to find job postings on such sites as LinkedIn or Glassdoor.
3-2. Network.
Whether you are a low-level employee, an intern, or a student, keep a contact list of people you meet within the industry. Develop strong working relationships with everyone you work alongside of. Shelve personal likes and dislikes while on the job and focus instead on building a professional rapport with any and all contacts. Utilize these people as sources of information regarding new openings and opportunities, as well as recommendations to potential employers.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that professional references play a key if not primary role in deciding to fill cameramen positions. Consider your contacts to be one most valuable assets you have in obtaining employment.
3-3. Compose a demo reel.
Review your past recordings as a student or amateur. Edit your best samples into one video file to submit along with your job application. If not explicitly stated in the job posting, contact the person doing the hiring to find out if they would prefer you to submit a physical thumbdrive or an attached video-file online.
If you are applying to multiple positions that differ in nature, compose a demo reel for each one.
For instance, if you are applying for an in-studio position, use samples that highlight your ability to frame a subject with a proper depth of field and favorable lighting.
If you are applying to become an in-the-field cameraman, favor video samples that showcase your ability to swiftly adapt to changing conditions, as well as track moving objects while keeping them in frame.
3-4. Write a great resume.
Expect your potential employer to only skim it. Keep it short so that they can get the gist of it in one glance. Regardless of what format you choose to follow, begin your resume with a brief summary that encompasses the thrust of all that follows. In a few lines, highlight your experience, accomplishments, and ambitions, and how you wish to apply them to the job at hand. Aim to make your strongest impression here, in case the reader doesn’t bother with the rest. After your summary, include the following:
Work experience: Include internships and any paid employment. For each position, list those duties that have the most direct bearing on your desired job to indicate a transferable set of skills. Use strong verbs to define them as personal accomplishments, rather than the general expectations of your former employer. For instance, write that you “set up camera and lighting equipment” instead of “I was responsible for setting up equipment” to suggest a proactive approach to your work.
Education: Include those schools from which you have already graduated, as well as any that you are currently enrolled in. For each one, mention your graduation date, the degree that you earned, and any honors you may have received. If you are still attending school, include your projected graduation date and major. If you were valedictorian with a 4.0 average, feel free to share that, but otherwise leave out any mention of your class ranking or grade point average.
Other experience: Detail skillsets and accomplishments gained from volunteer positions, academic clubs, training or coursework undertaken outside of a school curriculum, or other examples not covered by your academic and job histories. List them in the same manner as your work experiences. Limit yourself to just those that have some direct connection to the job at hand in order to stay on topic.
3-5. Write a Cover Letter
Use the same resume to apply to multiple positions if they are similar in nature, but be sure to write a new cover letter for each single position. Limit yourself to one page so that the reader is more likely to read it in full. Include how your experiences, education, and ambitions make you an ideal candidate for that exact position.
Address the cover letter directly to the person who is doing the hiring. Use their title (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc) while omitting their first name to make your letter more personal while still maintaining a professional tone.
State the specific job opening to which you are applying as either a subject line in your email or as a lead to your letter’s first paragraph. Avoid making your cover letter seem like a vague, all-purpose letter.
Mirror the language used by the company on their website and publicity materials. Create the impression that you are an ideal fit for their company by speaking the way they speak.
Refer directly to your attached resume and demo reel to ensure they peruse them. Request them to contact you in order to set up interviews. Use assumptive language, as if you know for a fact that they will do these things, such as: “The attached resume will detail my experience more extensively,” or “I will be readily available for an interview once you have made your decision.”
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Skills Early\\n1-1. Take appropriate courses in high school.\\nFill your electives with subjects like photography and videography, if available. If your school doesn’t offer them directly, speak with your guidance counselor about any technological/vocational schools that may be part of your school district. Pursue the subject through extracurricular activities, such as audio/visual clubs, if no such courses exist.\\nAs an alternative, take computer courses with curricula that touch on graphic editing. Concepts learned here can help inform later experiences with digital videos.\\n1-2. Apply for relevant jobs.\\nSpend your time in high school or college working for a company in a related field. Prioritize the experience that the position offers over pay. If necessary, volunteer your time. Use this opportunity to familiar yourself with equipment, lingo, and demands of a professional shoot. If necessary, settle for a position that will allow you to observe, if not participate directly in the shoot. Seek positions with such organizations as: \\nCable access channels\\nIndependent film productions\\nLocal news affiliates\\nLocal videographers\\nProduction companies\\nSupply stores or rental companies\\n1-3. Train yourself.\\nRegardless of the quality of the equipment you have on hand, practice both still and video photography on your own. Develop the skills necessary to compose shots and track moving objects in frame. Learn how to operate both handheld and mounted cameras.\\nConcentrate on the following aspects of photography/videography: color balance; field depth; frames per second; lenses; lighting; view angles.\\nSeize every opportunity to cover events: volunteer for family functions like birthday parties, weddings, and reunions; use school functions like concerts, plays, and sports games for practice; attend other events like parades and reenactments.\\n2. Advancing Your Training\\n2-1. Decide if pursuing a degree is right for you.\\nExpect to face a high amount of competition for employment as a cameraman. Consider earning a two- or four-year degree in order to gain more experience, knowledge, and credentials to set yourself apart from other candidates. However, weigh these gains against your personal finances. Be aware that when you enter the field, you will most likely have to begin your career with a low-wage entry-level position or even a volunteer position. Factor this likelihood into your debate over whether or not to incur the added expense and possible debt of higher education.\\nWhile a degree will likely bolster your resume, some production companies value enthusiasm and ambition over a diploma. If you are passionate about this career, they may still consider your application and hire you based on that passion.\\n2-2. Choose the right school.\\nResearch colleges and universities that offer associate or bachelor’s degrees in film and TV production. Check with their career centers to see how many students find employment after graduation. Visit each school to talk with professors and department heads. Find out the following:\\nHow much coursework is actually devoted to physically operating a camera?\\nDo they have a studio on campus, or is training done exclusively “in the field?”\\nHow up-to-date is their equipment?\\n2-3. Earn your degree.\\nOnce you have applied and been accepted by your school of choice, apply yourself wholeheartedly to your curriculum. Use this formal education to round out your technical prowess with the camera. Save your recorded projects to edit together for a demo reel once you are ready to seek employment. Aim to master the following concepts:\\nAudio\\nComposition\\nColor/shading\\nEditing\\nField depth\\nFrame rates\\nFraming shots\\nLenses\\nLighting\\nLocation shoots\\nResolution\\nStudio shoots\\n2-4. Apply for internships.\\nVisit your department or the career center as soon as you enroll. Find out how many credits you need to earn before you are eligible for internships. Once you have covered the prerequisites, apply as soon as possible. Gain firsthand experience with professional shoots. Establish contacts within the industry. Expect your position as an intern to allow you limited access (if any) to operating cameras, but use this opportunity to observe the day-to-day demands of your prospective career. If possible, apply to multiple internships in order to cover the three most common type of shoots:\\n\\nIn-studio, where shoots are done in a controlled environment with choreographed camerawork determined by a director.\\nLive coverage of scheduled events, such as sports, concerts, and speeches. Directors predetermine where to set cameras for optimum coverage, but cameramen must be prepared for the unexpected and respond quickly to new directions.\\nIn-the-field coverage, which may include electronic news gathering (ENG) or wildlife photography. Cameramen must have strong instincts and react quickly to the unscripted nature of the job.\\n3. Seeking Employment\\n3-1. Work your way up.\\nExpect to have to start your career via an entry-level position that does not involve directly operating cameras. Apply for a position as a production assistant to get your foot in the door. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the production company’s assignments, equipment, and operating procedures. Excel at your job to demonstrate your commitment and capabilities to your coworkers and supervisors so that they will be quick to consider you for your desired position as cameraman.\\nSimilarly, begin your job search with smaller production companies and local network affiliates. Larger companies may have unionized work forces with less turnover and fewer opportunities for applicants with little or no experience.\\nSearch online for openings at companies you wish to work for or to find job postings on such sites as LinkedIn or Glassdoor.\\n3-2. Network.\\nWhether you are a low-level employee, an intern, or a student, keep a contact list of people you meet within the industry. Develop strong working relationships with everyone you work alongside of. Shelve personal likes and dislikes while on the job and focus instead on building a professional rapport with any and all contacts. Utilize these people as sources of information regarding new openings and opportunities, as well as recommendations to potential employers.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that professional references play a key if not primary role in deciding to fill cameramen positions. Consider your contacts to be one most valuable assets you have in obtaining employment.\\n3-3. Compose a demo reel.\\nReview your past recordings as a student or amateur. Edit your best samples into one video file to submit along with your job application. If not explicitly stated in the job posting, contact the person doing the hiring to find out if they would prefer you to submit a physical thumbdrive or an attached video-file online.\\nIf you are applying to multiple positions that differ in nature, compose a demo reel for each one.\\nFor instance, if you are applying for an in-studio position, use samples that highlight your ability to frame a subject with a proper depth of field and favorable lighting.\\nIf you are applying to become an in-the-field cameraman, favor video samples that showcase your ability to swiftly adapt to changing conditions, as well as track moving objects while keeping them in frame.\\n3-4. Write a great resume.\\nExpect your potential employer to only skim it. Keep it short so that they can get the gist of it in one glance. Regardless of what format you choose to follow, begin your resume with a brief summary that encompasses the thrust of all that follows. In a few lines, highlight your experience, accomplishments, and ambitions, and how you wish to apply them to the job at hand. Aim to make your strongest impression here, in case the reader doesn’t bother with the rest. After your summary, include the following:\\n\\nWork experience: Include internships and any paid employment. For each position, list those duties that have the most direct bearing on your desired job to indicate a transferable set of skills. Use strong verbs to define them as personal accomplishments, rather than the general expectations of your former employer. For instance, write that you “set up camera and lighting equipment” instead of “I was responsible for setting up equipment” to suggest a proactive approach to your work.\\nEducation: Include those schools from which you have already graduated, as well as any that you are currently enrolled in. For each one, mention your graduation date, the degree that you earned, and any honors you may have received. If you are still attending school, include your projected graduation date and major. If you were valedictorian with a 4.0 average, feel free to share that, but otherwise leave out any mention of your class ranking or grade point average.\\nOther experience: Detail skillsets and accomplishments gained from volunteer positions, academic clubs, training or coursework undertaken outside of a school curriculum, or other examples not covered by your academic and job histories. List them in the same manner as your work experiences. Limit yourself to just those that have some direct connection to the job at hand in order to stay on topic.\\n3-5. Write a Cover Letter\\nUse the same resume to apply to multiple positions if they are similar in nature, but be sure to write a new cover letter for each single position. Limit yourself to one page so that the reader is more likely to read it in full. Include how your experiences, education, and ambitions make you an ideal candidate for that exact position.\\nAddress the cover letter directly to the person who is doing the hiring. Use their title (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc) while omitting their first name to make your letter more personal while still maintaining a professional tone.\\nState the specific job opening to which you are applying as either a subject line in your email or as a lead to your letter’s first paragraph. Avoid making your cover letter seem like a vague, all-purpose letter.\\nMirror the language used by the company on their website and publicity materials. Create the impression that you are an ideal fit for their company by speaking the way they speak.\\nRefer directly to your attached resume and demo reel to ensure they peruse them. Request them to contact you in order to set up interviews. Use assumptive language, as if you know for a fact that they will do these things, such as: “The attached resume will detail my experience more extensively,” or “I will be readily available for an interview once you have made your decision.”\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a cameramen requires persistence, passion, and a willingness to work long hours in sometimes chaotic conditions. While a formal education can boost your resume, production companies value know-how, commitment, and competence even more. To land consistent work as a cameraman, it is important to establish connections with people in the trade and to create a reputation as a solid worker in order to beat the stiff competition that you will face for each position.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Skills Early\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take appropriate courses in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Fill your electives with subjects like photography and videography, if available. If your school doesn’t offer them directly, speak with your guidance counselor about any technological/vocational schools that may be part of your school district. Pursue the subject through extracurricular activities, such as audio/visual clubs, if no such courses exist.\\nAs an alternative, take computer courses with curricula that touch on graphic editing. Concepts learned here can help inform later experiences with digital videos.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for relevant jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Spend your time in high school or college working for a company in a related field. Prioritize the experience that the position offers over pay. If necessary, volunteer your time. Use this opportunity to familiar yourself with equipment, lingo, and demands of a professional shoot. If necessary, settle for a position that will allow you to observe, if not participate directly in the shoot. Seek positions with such organizations as: \\nCable access channels\\nIndependent film productions\\nLocal news affiliates\\nLocal videographers\\nProduction companies\\nSupply stores or rental companies\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Train yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of the quality of the equipment you have on hand, practice both still and video photography on your own. Develop the skills necessary to compose shots and track moving objects in frame. Learn how to operate both handheld and mounted cameras.\\nConcentrate on the following aspects of photography/videography: color balance; field depth; frames per second; lenses; lighting; view angles.\\nSeize every opportunity to cover events: volunteer for family functions like birthday parties, weddings, and reunions; use school functions like concerts, plays, and sports games for practice; attend other events like parades and reenactments.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if pursuing a degree is right for you.\", \"描述\": \"Expect to face a high amount of competition for employment as a cameraman. Consider earning a two- or four-year degree in order to gain more experience, knowledge, and credentials to set yourself apart from other candidates. However, weigh these gains against your personal finances. Be aware that when you enter the field, you will most likely have to begin your career with a low-wage entry-level position or even a volunteer position. Factor this likelihood into your debate over whether or not to incur the added expense and possible debt of higher education.\\nWhile a degree will likely bolster your resume, some production companies value enthusiasm and ambition over a diploma. If you are passionate about this career, they may still consider your application and hire you based on that passion.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose the right school.\", \"描述\": \"Research colleges and universities that offer associate or bachelor’s degrees in film and TV production. Check with their career centers to see how many students find employment after graduation. Visit each school to talk with professors and department heads. Find out the following:\\nHow much coursework is actually devoted to physically operating a camera?\\nDo they have a studio on campus, or is training done exclusively “in the field?”\\nHow up-to-date is their equipment?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earn your degree.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have applied and been accepted by your school of choice, apply yourself wholeheartedly to your curriculum. Use this formal education to round out your technical prowess with the camera. Save your recorded projects to edit together for a demo reel once you are ready to seek employment. Aim to master the following concepts:\\nAudio\\nComposition\\nColor/shading\\nEditing\\nField depth\\nFrame rates\\nFraming shots\\nLenses\\nLighting\\nLocation shoots\\nResolution\\nStudio shoots\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for internships.\", \"描述\": \"Visit your department or the career center as soon as you enroll. Find out how many credits you need to earn before you are eligible for internships. Once you have covered the prerequisites, apply as soon as possible. Gain firsthand experience with professional shoots. Establish contacts within the industry. Expect your position as an intern to allow you limited access (if any) to operating cameras, but use this opportunity to observe the day-to-day demands of your prospective career. If possible, apply to multiple internships in order to cover the three most common type of shoots:\\n\\nIn-studio, where shoots are done in a controlled environment with choreographed camerawork determined by a director.\\nLive coverage of scheduled events, such as sports, concerts, and speeches. Directors predetermine where to set cameras for optimum coverage, but cameramen must be prepared for the unexpected and respond quickly to new directions.\\nIn-the-field coverage, which may include electronic news gathering (ENG) or wildlife photography. Cameramen must have strong instincts and react quickly to the unscripted nature of the job.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seeking Employment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work your way up.\", \"描述\": \"Expect to have to start your career via an entry-level position that does not involve directly operating cameras. Apply for a position as a production assistant to get your foot in the door. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the production company’s assignments, equipment, and operating procedures. Excel at your job to demonstrate your commitment and capabilities to your coworkers and supervisors so that they will be quick to consider you for your desired position as cameraman.\\nSimilarly, begin your job search with smaller production companies and local network affiliates. Larger companies may have unionized work forces with less turnover and fewer opportunities for applicants with little or no experience.\\nSearch online for openings at companies you wish to work for or to find job postings on such sites as LinkedIn or Glassdoor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you are a low-level employee, an intern, or a student, keep a contact list of people you meet within the industry. Develop strong working relationships with everyone you work alongside of. Shelve personal likes and dislikes while on the job and focus instead on building a professional rapport with any and all contacts. Utilize these people as sources of information regarding new openings and opportunities, as well as recommendations to potential employers.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that professional references play a key if not primary role in deciding to fill cameramen positions. Consider your contacts to be one most valuable assets you have in obtaining employment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Compose a demo reel.\", \"描述\": \"Review your past recordings as a student or amateur. Edit your best samples into one video file to submit along with your job application. If not explicitly stated in the job posting, contact the person doing the hiring to find out if they would prefer you to submit a physical thumbdrive or an attached video-file online.\\nIf you are applying to multiple positions that differ in nature, compose a demo reel for each one.\\nFor instance, if you are applying for an in-studio position, use samples that highlight your ability to frame a subject with a proper depth of field and favorable lighting.\\nIf you are applying to become an in-the-field cameraman, favor video samples that showcase your ability to swiftly adapt to changing conditions, as well as track moving objects while keeping them in frame.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write a great resume.\", \"描述\": \"Expect your potential employer to only skim it. Keep it short so that they can get the gist of it in one glance. Regardless of what format you choose to follow, begin your resume with a brief summary that encompasses the thrust of all that follows. In a few lines, highlight your experience, accomplishments, and ambitions, and how you wish to apply them to the job at hand. Aim to make your strongest impression here, in case the reader doesn’t bother with the rest. After your summary, include the following:\\n\\nWork experience: Include internships and any paid employment. For each position, list those duties that have the most direct bearing on your desired job to indicate a transferable set of skills. Use strong verbs to define them as personal accomplishments, rather than the general expectations of your former employer. For instance, write that you “set up camera and lighting equipment” instead of “I was responsible for setting up equipment” to suggest a proactive approach to your work.\\nEducation: Include those schools from which you have already graduated, as well as any that you are currently enrolled in. For each one, mention your graduation date, the degree that you earned, and any honors you may have received. If you are still attending school, include your projected graduation date and major. If you were valedictorian with a 4.0 average, feel free to share that, but otherwise leave out any mention of your class ranking or grade point average.\\nOther experience: Detail skillsets and accomplishments gained from volunteer positions, academic clubs, training or coursework undertaken outside of a school curriculum, or other examples not covered by your academic and job histories. List them in the same manner as your work experiences. Limit yourself to just those that have some direct connection to the job at hand in order to stay on topic.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write a Cover Letter\", \"描述\": \"Use the same resume to apply to multiple positions if they are similar in nature, but be sure to write a new cover letter for each single position. Limit yourself to one page so that the reader is more likely to read it in full. Include how your experiences, education, and ambitions make you an ideal candidate for that exact position.\\nAddress the cover letter directly to the person who is doing the hiring. Use their title (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc) while omitting their first name to make your letter more personal while still maintaining a professional tone.\\nState the specific job opening to which you are applying as either a subject line in your email or as a lead to your letter’s first paragraph. Avoid making your cover letter seem like a vague, all-purpose letter.\\nMirror the language used by the company on their website and publicity materials. Create the impression that you are an ideal fit for their company by speaking the way they speak.\\nRefer directly to your attached resume and demo reel to ensure they peruse them. Request them to contact you in order to set up interviews. Use assumptive language, as if you know for a fact that they will do these things, such as: “The attached resume will detail my experience more extensively,” or “I will be readily available for an interview once you have made your decision.”\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,235 |
How to Become a Canadian Citizen
|
1. Meeting the Requirements
1-1. Have some sort of visa.
In order to become a Canadian citizen, the obvious first step is to move to Canada. However, you can't just pack up your belongings, scale the Niagara, plop down, and start counting the days (unfortunately, the government frowns on that). After your tourist visa is up (6 months), you'll need to have some sort of work/school permit (or be married to a Canadian) to stay on that side of the Commonwealth.
Apply for whatever you qualify for while you're still in your home country. Often the processing takes practically forever. The sooner you start, the better. You will receive a 1/2 day credit for every day you live in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident, for the record.
1-2. Move to Canada.
After all the paperwork is completed, move to Canada! If all your ducks are in a row, this won't be an issue. You can now worry about the finer things, like getting a moving van and signing a lease. Be prepared to show all types of ID and proof of your current legal residency status -- otherwise everything you're doing is illegal.
1-3. Get your "Maple Leaf Card.
That's what the Permanent Resident Card is informally known as. If you're on a student visa or a working visa or some other type that allows you in Canada for a specific amount of time, you'll need to upgrade. Your Maple Leaf Card will let you stay in Canada for an indefinite amount of time.
There's obviously necessary paperwork to fill out, fees to pay, and time to wait when it comes to this. It's also a mandatory step -- you cannot go from staying in Canada on a temporary visa to becoming a citizen. Visit Canada's citizenship and immigration website for official information.
1-4. Stay put for 1,460 days.
Once you're a permanent resident, you need to be able to prove that you've been in Canada for 1,460 days out of the past 5 years (that's 4 years). It does not have to be 1,460 consecutive days. So long as you're there for 4 out of the past 5 years, you're good to go. And yes, they will look at your passport, deciphering it until the moose come home.
As stated previously, you'll receive 1/2 a day's credit for every day spent in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident. All the more reason to get on establishing your residency!
This 4 year rule does not apply to those under the age of 18.
1-5. Speak French or English well enough to communicate effectively.
This is a requirement to becoming a Canadian citizen, as most of the residents in Canada speak at least one these languages fluently. When the time for the citizenship test rolls around, you will be given an exam. If you don't pass, you won't become a citizen. Don't worry about specific knowledge -- they're mainly concerned with everyday conversations and the abliity to express yourself.
If English or French isn't your native tongue (or close to it), Canada's immigration website has a list of documents it will accept as proof that you meet the language requirement. These will be required as part of your citizenship application.
1-6. Make sure Canada wants you there.
If Canada has ordered you to leave their country, that's a good sign that you won't get citizenship status. What's more, your criminal record may not allow you to become a citizen. If you have been to prison or if you are on probation in the 3 years prior to when you want to become a citizen, you are not eligible. However, once your record is clean, you will be able to reapply for citizenship.
You cannot be deemed a "security risk" or otherwise criminally prohibited. You cannot be currently getting investigated or convicted of a criminal offense. Basically, stay away from mishaps with the law and you'll be fine.
1-7. Know and love Canada.
After all, why wouldn't you? Part of the test to become a citizen is demonstrating how well you know Canada. When you apply, they'll send you a booklet (more on that in a bit), but you can get the ball rolling yourself. Everything you need to know is on the Internet.
Apart from Wayne Gretsky, Justin Bieber, Jim Carrey, maple syrup, beavers, hockey, (of course if Canada was gone/there'd be no more) Celine Dion, beer, mounties, and bacon, we've also Canada to thank for Trivial Pursuit, the TV, the telephone, the zipper, basketball, and the electron microscope. We should all practically revere Canada -- did we mention the free healthcare and not-shut-down government?
All stereotypes aside, you really do have to know Canadian history. This includes their values, institutions, and symbols. To get more specific, visit their website -- there's a pretty complete list of what you'll need to cover, from the economy, to their regions, to how they govern themselves (the King is really, really far away).
2. Completing the Application
2-1. Download the Canadian citizen application from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada website.
As soon as the application is downloaded, begin filling it out. Make sure you read the instructions that come with the application so you are sure you fill it out correctly the first time.
Included in the application packet is a document checklist. Be sure you have everything you need and in the right format. Fair warning: it's an extensive checklist. If you do not fill out everything correctly and include everything you need, it will get sent back to you. You will get very frustrated if this happens and it's very easy to avoid -- so read everything thoroughly.
2-2. Make photocopies of virtually everything.
In general, the citizenship office is not looking for originals. If you send originals, you will not have them when you need them for the actual interview. Grab that document checklist and make sure you have everything. And in case something goes wrong, make photocopies of your photocopies.
You'll need photocopies of transcripts, school records, travel records, your Maple Leaf Card, your ID card, and proof of language evidence, in case you were curious.
2-3. Pay the necessary fees for the application.
These fees will be listed in the instruction manual. The application fees are non-refundable and the fees have to be paid each time you apply for Canadian citizenship at the same time you send in your application. As of 2013, the total fees for one adult were $200 CAD -- and it must be paid in Canadian currency.
It is preferred that you complete this online (with your application). However, you can also pay the fees at a financial institution in Canada. If you choose the in-person method, you will need to fill out a payment receipt form (IMM 5401). The cashier will handle the brunt of this. The half you receive back should be filled out and attached to your application.
2-4. Read the photograph directions in the application instruction manual.
Make sure you have two photographs taken that meet these requirements. Sign your name at the bottom of each photograph and attach these with a paperclip to your citizenship application.
2-5. Complete the application with all necessary attachments and submit it.
Do one more once-over; do you have everything you need? If so, you can mail it to the address given in the application instruction manual. The address is:
Case Processing Centre – SydneyGrant AdultsP.O. Box 7000SYDNEY, NSB1P 6V6
If you're mailing it by courier, the address is:Case Processing Centre, SydneyGrant Adults49 Dorchester StreetSydney, Nova ScotiaB1P 5Z2
3. Securing Citizenship
3-1. Study the booklet entitled "Discover Canada:
This booklet will be sent to you once your application is received by the proper authorities. However, there's also a PDF online and an audio version as read by famous Canadians. They've thought of everything.
On the citizenship test, there will be questions about Canada's political system, geography and history, and you will have to pass this test in order to be a Canadian citizen. This booklet covers all of that.
The audio version comes in English and French, and, unfortunately, isn't read by Howie Mandel, Leonhard Cohen, or Avril Lavigne.
3-2. Wait for the decision-making process to complete.
As with most things, this takes time. The CPC sends your application to the CIC nearest you to ensure the speediest delivery. You may be asked to come into the office to review your documents -- this is entirely routine. Bring your original documents with you.
From the point they receive your application and you become a citizen, it currently is estimated to take 25 months. If your application is incomplete or there are other problems, it is estimated to take 35 months. If you don't receive word back automatically, don't fret. Good things come to those who wait.
3-3. Receive notice of your interview and citizenship test.
After your application begins processing, you'll receive a "Notice to Appear" for your interview. Appear at the appropriate time and place that your Notice to Appear states, take your citizenship test and complete your citizenship interview. Your interview will basically be the same as the test questions, just asked orally.
If you don't speak English or French as your native tongue, this will also serve as your language assessment. A judge will determine whether or not your skills are up to par.
3-4. Appear for your Citizenship Oath.
This, too, will be notified to you by mail. It will also state where and when to be at the designated place (the location is determined by your place of residence). Receiving this notice means you have passed your written citizenship test and interview. Woohoo, eh?
You will receive your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship at the ceremony. So don't miss it! After all the hoops you've jumped through, this is it! All you have to do is appear, take your oath, and you're in for good. Time to eat some poutine!
3-5. Know your situation.
You either now have dual citizenship or are looking to renounce your original citizenship. If you're American transitioning to certifiable Canadian, that fee is 2,350 USD, amongst other things like piles of paperwork. Along with fees, there are other things to consider:
If you do have dual citizenship, there are benefits and disadvantages. Make sure you're up to snuff on the legal requirements -- you don't want to viewed as a tax or military draft evader. The requirements vary by country, so do your research.
If you do renounce your original citizenship, it's not something you can get back easily. This is not something to jump to -- make sure you're 110% positive this is the track you want to take.
Tips
You can track the progress of your application online.[15]
X
Research source
If you need to fill out a form for a child, you can do that in conjunction with yours (or after you're a Canadian citizen). The fee is $100 and the time requirement is waived.[16]
X
Research source
If your application isn't approved, it will be sent back to you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Requirements\\n1-1. Have some sort of visa.\\nIn order to become a Canadian citizen, the obvious first step is to move to Canada. However, you can't just pack up your belongings, scale the Niagara, plop down, and start counting the days (unfortunately, the government frowns on that). After your tourist visa is up (6 months), you'll need to have some sort of work/school permit (or be married to a Canadian) to stay on that side of the Commonwealth.\\nApply for whatever you qualify for while you're still in your home country. Often the processing takes practically forever. The sooner you start, the better. You will receive a 1/2 day credit for every day you live in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident, for the record.\\n1-2. Move to Canada.\\nAfter all the paperwork is completed, move to Canada! If all your ducks are in a row, this won't be an issue. You can now worry about the finer things, like getting a moving van and signing a lease. Be prepared to show all types of ID and proof of your current legal residency status -- otherwise everything you're doing is illegal.\\n1-3. Get your \\\"Maple Leaf Card.\\nThat's what the Permanent Resident Card is informally known as. If you're on a student visa or a working visa or some other type that allows you in Canada for a specific amount of time, you'll need to upgrade. Your Maple Leaf Card will let you stay in Canada for an indefinite amount of time.\\nThere's obviously necessary paperwork to fill out, fees to pay, and time to wait when it comes to this. It's also a mandatory step -- you cannot go from staying in Canada on a temporary visa to becoming a citizen. Visit Canada's citizenship and immigration website for official information.\\n1-4. Stay put for 1,460 days.\\nOnce you're a permanent resident, you need to be able to prove that you've been in Canada for 1,460 days out of the past 5 years (that's 4 years). It does not have to be 1,460 consecutive days. So long as you're there for 4 out of the past 5 years, you're good to go. And yes, they will look at your passport, deciphering it until the moose come home.\\nAs stated previously, you'll receive 1/2 a day's credit for every day spent in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident. All the more reason to get on establishing your residency!\\nThis 4 year rule does not apply to those under the age of 18.\\n1-5. Speak French or English well enough to communicate effectively.\\nThis is a requirement to becoming a Canadian citizen, as most of the residents in Canada speak at least one these languages fluently. When the time for the citizenship test rolls around, you will be given an exam. If you don't pass, you won't become a citizen. Don't worry about specific knowledge -- they're mainly concerned with everyday conversations and the abliity to express yourself.\\nIf English or French isn't your native tongue (or close to it), Canada's immigration website has a list of documents it will accept as proof that you meet the language requirement. These will be required as part of your citizenship application.\\n1-6. Make sure Canada wants you there.\\nIf Canada has ordered you to leave their country, that's a good sign that you won't get citizenship status. What's more, your criminal record may not allow you to become a citizen. If you have been to prison or if you are on probation in the 3 years prior to when you want to become a citizen, you are not eligible. However, once your record is clean, you will be able to reapply for citizenship.\\nYou cannot be deemed a \\\"security risk\\\" or otherwise criminally prohibited. You cannot be currently getting investigated or convicted of a criminal offense. Basically, stay away from mishaps with the law and you'll be fine.\\n1-7. Know and love Canada.\\nAfter all, why wouldn't you? Part of the test to become a citizen is demonstrating how well you know Canada. When you apply, they'll send you a booklet (more on that in a bit), but you can get the ball rolling yourself. Everything you need to know is on the Internet.\\nApart from Wayne Gretsky, Justin Bieber, Jim Carrey, maple syrup, beavers, hockey, (of course if Canada was gone/there'd be no more) Celine Dion, beer, mounties, and bacon, we've also Canada to thank for Trivial Pursuit, the TV, the telephone, the zipper, basketball, and the electron microscope. We should all practically revere Canada -- did we mention the free healthcare and not-shut-down government?\\nAll stereotypes aside, you really do have to know Canadian history. This includes their values, institutions, and symbols. To get more specific, visit their website -- there's a pretty complete list of what you'll need to cover, from the economy, to their regions, to how they govern themselves (the King is really, really far away).\\n2. Completing the Application\\n2-1. Download the Canadian citizen application from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada website.\\nAs soon as the application is downloaded, begin filling it out. Make sure you read the instructions that come with the application so you are sure you fill it out correctly the first time.\\nIncluded in the application packet is a document checklist. Be sure you have everything you need and in the right format. Fair warning: it's an extensive checklist. If you do not fill out everything correctly and include everything you need, it will get sent back to you. You will get very frustrated if this happens and it's very easy to avoid -- so read everything thoroughly.\\n2-2. Make photocopies of virtually everything.\\nIn general, the citizenship office is not looking for originals. If you send originals, you will not have them when you need them for the actual interview. Grab that document checklist and make sure you have everything. And in case something goes wrong, make photocopies of your photocopies.\\nYou'll need photocopies of transcripts, school records, travel records, your Maple Leaf Card, your ID card, and proof of language evidence, in case you were curious.\\n2-3. Pay the necessary fees for the application.\\nThese fees will be listed in the instruction manual. The application fees are non-refundable and the fees have to be paid each time you apply for Canadian citizenship at the same time you send in your application. As of 2013, the total fees for one adult were $200 CAD -- and it must be paid in Canadian currency.\\nIt is preferred that you complete this online (with your application). However, you can also pay the fees at a financial institution in Canada. If you choose the in-person method, you will need to fill out a payment receipt form (IMM 5401). The cashier will handle the brunt of this. The half you receive back should be filled out and attached to your application.\\n2-4. Read the photograph directions in the application instruction manual.\\nMake sure you have two photographs taken that meet these requirements. Sign your name at the bottom of each photograph and attach these with a paperclip to your citizenship application.\\n2-5. Complete the application with all necessary attachments and submit it.\\nDo one more once-over; do you have everything you need? If so, you can mail it to the address given in the application instruction manual. The address is:\\nCase Processing Centre – SydneyGrant AdultsP.O. Box 7000SYDNEY, NSB1P 6V6\\nIf you're mailing it by courier, the address is:Case Processing Centre, SydneyGrant Adults49 Dorchester StreetSydney, Nova ScotiaB1P 5Z2\\n3. Securing Citizenship\\n3-1. Study the booklet entitled \\\"Discover Canada:\\nThis booklet will be sent to you once your application is received by the proper authorities. However, there's also a PDF online and an audio version as read by famous Canadians. They've thought of everything.\\nOn the citizenship test, there will be questions about Canada's political system, geography and history, and you will have to pass this test in order to be a Canadian citizen. This booklet covers all of that.\\nThe audio version comes in English and French, and, unfortunately, isn't read by Howie Mandel, Leonhard Cohen, or Avril Lavigne.\\n3-2. Wait for the decision-making process to complete.\\nAs with most things, this takes time. The CPC sends your application to the CIC nearest you to ensure the speediest delivery. You may be asked to come into the office to review your documents -- this is entirely routine. Bring your original documents with you.\\nFrom the point they receive your application and you become a citizen, it currently is estimated to take 25 months. If your application is incomplete or there are other problems, it is estimated to take 35 months. If you don't receive word back automatically, don't fret. Good things come to those who wait.\\n3-3. Receive notice of your interview and citizenship test.\\nAfter your application begins processing, you'll receive a \\\"Notice to Appear\\\" for your interview. Appear at the appropriate time and place that your Notice to Appear states, take your citizenship test and complete your citizenship interview. Your interview will basically be the same as the test questions, just asked orally.\\nIf you don't speak English or French as your native tongue, this will also serve as your language assessment. A judge will determine whether or not your skills are up to par.\\n3-4. Appear for your Citizenship Oath.\\nThis, too, will be notified to you by mail. It will also state where and when to be at the designated place (the location is determined by your place of residence). Receiving this notice means you have passed your written citizenship test and interview. Woohoo, eh?\\nYou will receive your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship at the ceremony. So don't miss it! After all the hoops you've jumped through, this is it! All you have to do is appear, take your oath, and you're in for good. Time to eat some poutine!\\n3-5. Know your situation.\\nYou either now have dual citizenship or are looking to renounce your original citizenship. If you're American transitioning to certifiable Canadian, that fee is 2,350 USD, amongst other things like piles of paperwork. Along with fees, there are other things to consider:\\nIf you do have dual citizenship, there are benefits and disadvantages. Make sure you're up to snuff on the legal requirements -- you don't want to viewed as a tax or military draft evader. The requirements vary by country, so do your research.\\nIf you do renounce your original citizenship, it's not something you can get back easily. This is not something to jump to -- make sure you're 110% positive this is the track you want to take.\\nTips\\nYou can track the progress of your application online.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you need to fill out a form for a child, you can do that in conjunction with yours (or after you're a Canadian citizen). The fee is $100 and the time requirement is waived.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf your application isn't approved, it will be sent back to you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Every year, almost 250,000 individuals try to become permanent Canadian citizens. Becoming a Canadian citizen is not as easy as becoming a citizen of other countries, but by following the laws that govern legal citizenship, you can also call yourself a Canadian citizen.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have some sort of visa.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a Canadian citizen, the obvious first step is to move to Canada. However, you can't just pack up your belongings, scale the Niagara, plop down, and start counting the days (unfortunately, the government frowns on that). After your tourist visa is up (6 months), you'll need to have some sort of work/school permit (or be married to a Canadian) to stay on that side of the Commonwealth.\\nApply for whatever you qualify for while you're still in your home country. Often the processing takes practically forever. The sooner you start, the better. You will receive a 1/2 day credit for every day you live in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident, for the record.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Move to Canada.\", \"描述\": \"After all the paperwork is completed, move to Canada! If all your ducks are in a row, this won't be an issue. You can now worry about the finer things, like getting a moving van and signing a lease. Be prepared to show all types of ID and proof of your current legal residency status -- otherwise everything you're doing is illegal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your \\\"Maple Leaf Card.\", \"描述\": \"That's what the Permanent Resident Card is informally known as. If you're on a student visa or a working visa or some other type that allows you in Canada for a specific amount of time, you'll need to upgrade. Your Maple Leaf Card will let you stay in Canada for an indefinite amount of time.\\nThere's obviously necessary paperwork to fill out, fees to pay, and time to wait when it comes to this. It's also a mandatory step -- you cannot go from staying in Canada on a temporary visa to becoming a citizen. Visit Canada's citizenship and immigration website for official information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay put for 1,460 days.\", \"描述\": \"Once you're a permanent resident, you need to be able to prove that you've been in Canada for 1,460 days out of the past 5 years (that's 4 years). It does not have to be 1,460 consecutive days. So long as you're there for 4 out of the past 5 years, you're good to go. And yes, they will look at your passport, deciphering it until the moose come home.\\nAs stated previously, you'll receive 1/2 a day's credit for every day spent in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident. All the more reason to get on establishing your residency!\\nThis 4 year rule does not apply to those under the age of 18.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Speak French or English well enough to communicate effectively.\", \"描述\": \"This is a requirement to becoming a Canadian citizen, as most of the residents in Canada speak at least one these languages fluently. When the time for the citizenship test rolls around, you will be given an exam. If you don't pass, you won't become a citizen. Don't worry about specific knowledge -- they're mainly concerned with everyday conversations and the abliity to express yourself.\\nIf English or French isn't your native tongue (or close to it), Canada's immigration website has a list of documents it will accept as proof that you meet the language requirement. These will be required as part of your citizenship application.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make sure Canada wants you there.\", \"描述\": \"If Canada has ordered you to leave their country, that's a good sign that you won't get citizenship status. What's more, your criminal record may not allow you to become a citizen. If you have been to prison or if you are on probation in the 3 years prior to when you want to become a citizen, you are not eligible. However, once your record is clean, you will be able to reapply for citizenship.\\nYou cannot be deemed a \\\"security risk\\\" or otherwise criminally prohibited. You cannot be currently getting investigated or convicted of a criminal offense. Basically, stay away from mishaps with the law and you'll be fine.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Know and love Canada.\", \"描述\": \"After all, why wouldn't you? Part of the test to become a citizen is demonstrating how well you know Canada. When you apply, they'll send you a booklet (more on that in a bit), but you can get the ball rolling yourself. Everything you need to know is on the Internet.\\nApart from Wayne Gretsky, Justin Bieber, Jim Carrey, maple syrup, beavers, hockey, (of course if Canada was gone/there'd be no more) Celine Dion, beer, mounties, and bacon, we've also Canada to thank for Trivial Pursuit, the TV, the telephone, the zipper, basketball, and the electron microscope. We should all practically revere Canada -- did we mention the free healthcare and not-shut-down government?\\nAll stereotypes aside, you really do have to know Canadian history. This includes their values, institutions, and symbols. To get more specific, visit their website -- there's a pretty complete list of what you'll need to cover, from the economy, to their regions, to how they govern themselves (the King is really, really far away).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing the Application\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Download the Canadian citizen application from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada website.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as the application is downloaded, begin filling it out. Make sure you read the instructions that come with the application so you are sure you fill it out correctly the first time.\\nIncluded in the application packet is a document checklist. Be sure you have everything you need and in the right format. Fair warning: it's an extensive checklist. If you do not fill out everything correctly and include everything you need, it will get sent back to you. You will get very frustrated if this happens and it's very easy to avoid -- so read everything thoroughly.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make photocopies of virtually everything.\", \"描述\": \"In general, the citizenship office is not looking for originals. If you send originals, you will not have them when you need them for the actual interview. Grab that document checklist and make sure you have everything. And in case something goes wrong, make photocopies of your photocopies.\\nYou'll need photocopies of transcripts, school records, travel records, your Maple Leaf Card, your ID card, and proof of language evidence, in case you were curious.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay the necessary fees for the application.\", \"描述\": \"These fees will be listed in the instruction manual. The application fees are non-refundable and the fees have to be paid each time you apply for Canadian citizenship at the same time you send in your application. As of 2013, the total fees for one adult were $200 CAD -- and it must be paid in Canadian currency.\\nIt is preferred that you complete this online (with your application). However, you can also pay the fees at a financial institution in Canada. If you choose the in-person method, you will need to fill out a payment receipt form (IMM 5401). The cashier will handle the brunt of this. The half you receive back should be filled out and attached to your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Read the photograph directions in the application instruction manual.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you have two photographs taken that meet these requirements. Sign your name at the bottom of each photograph and attach these with a paperclip to your citizenship application.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete the application with all necessary attachments and submit it.\", \"描述\": \"Do one more once-over; do you have everything you need? If so, you can mail it to the address given in the application instruction manual. The address is:\\nCase Processing Centre – SydneyGrant AdultsP.O. Box 7000SYDNEY, NSB1P 6V6\\nIf you're mailing it by courier, the address is:Case Processing Centre, SydneyGrant Adults49 Dorchester StreetSydney, Nova ScotiaB1P 5Z2\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Securing Citizenship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study the booklet entitled \\\"Discover Canada:\", \"描述\": \"This booklet will be sent to you once your application is received by the proper authorities. However, there's also a PDF online and an audio version as read by famous Canadians. They've thought of everything.\\nOn the citizenship test, there will be questions about Canada's political system, geography and history, and you will have to pass this test in order to be a Canadian citizen. This booklet covers all of that.\\nThe audio version comes in English and French, and, unfortunately, isn't read by Howie Mandel, Leonhard Cohen, or Avril Lavigne.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wait for the decision-making process to complete.\", \"描述\": \"As with most things, this takes time. The CPC sends your application to the CIC nearest you to ensure the speediest delivery. You may be asked to come into the office to review your documents -- this is entirely routine. Bring your original documents with you.\\nFrom the point they receive your application and you become a citizen, it currently is estimated to take 25 months. If your application is incomplete or there are other problems, it is estimated to take 35 months. If you don't receive word back automatically, don't fret. Good things come to those who wait.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Receive notice of your interview and citizenship test.\", \"描述\": \"After your application begins processing, you'll receive a \\\"Notice to Appear\\\" for your interview. Appear at the appropriate time and place that your Notice to Appear states, take your citizenship test and complete your citizenship interview. Your interview will basically be the same as the test questions, just asked orally.\\nIf you don't speak English or French as your native tongue, this will also serve as your language assessment. A judge will determine whether or not your skills are up to par.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Appear for your Citizenship Oath.\", \"描述\": \"This, too, will be notified to you by mail. It will also state where and when to be at the designated place (the location is determined by your place of residence). Receiving this notice means you have passed your written citizenship test and interview. Woohoo, eh?\\nYou will receive your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship at the ceremony. So don't miss it! After all the hoops you've jumped through, this is it! All you have to do is appear, take your oath, and you're in for good. Time to eat some poutine!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Know your situation.\", \"描述\": \"You either now have dual citizenship or are looking to renounce your original citizenship. If you're American transitioning to certifiable Canadian, that fee is 2,350 USD, amongst other things like piles of paperwork. Along with fees, there are other things to consider:\\nIf you do have dual citizenship, there are benefits and disadvantages. Make sure you're up to snuff on the legal requirements -- you don't want to viewed as a tax or military draft evader. The requirements vary by country, so do your research.\\nIf you do renounce your original citizenship, it's not something you can get back easily. This is not something to jump to -- make sure you're 110% positive this is the track you want to take.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can track the progress of your application online.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you need to fill out a form for a child, you can do that in conjunction with yours (or after you're a Canadian citizen). The fee is $100 and the time requirement is waived.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If your application isn't approved, it will be sent back to you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,236 |
How to Become a Canadian Police Officer
|
1. Meeting the Basic Requirements
1-1. Be old enough.
You must be at least 18 years old in most areas. However, some areas require you to be 19 years old.
1-2. Meet the citizenship requirements.
You must have some kind of permanent status in Canada; namely, you must either be a landed immigrant, a permanent resident, or a Canadian citizen. You must also be able to speak French or English (fluently).
1-3. Graduate high school.
No matter where you are, you must have a high school diploma or its equivalent to join the Canadian police forces. You must prove you have this education with transcripts or a diploma.
This requirement means you either must go through grade 12 of school or pass an equivalency test. For instance, you can take the General Education Development (GED) tests, which are offered throughout Canada through your provincial or territorial department of education. You must pass 5 tests in total to get your GED.
You may also be able to get some credit for the experience you gained over the years, which can count towards your high school diploma.
1-4. Have ethics and morals.
While this requirement may seem a little vague, most departments list it as a requirement. Some define this requirement as having integrity and being honest.
Essentially, because you will be trusted with so much responsibility, the police department wants to make sure you are worthy of that trust. They want to know that you will be honest and fair. They want to know that you will do your duty with a positive attitude and without discrimination. They want to know that you will show up when you say you will and work together with your colleagues to get the job done.
As an addendum, you must also have a clean record. You cannot have a criminal conviction or pending conviction on your record.
1-5. Get in shape.
You must be in good health and shape to be a part of the police. For instance, many police forces in Canada will require you to complete a physical exam, which may include running 2.4 kilometers in a certain time period, a swimming portion, and other physical tests.
If you're not in shape, start a workout regimen at a local gym. Make sure to include aerobic exercises, weight training, and swimming as part of your routine.
In addition, make sure you are eating right and getting enough sleep. Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, replace processed grains with whole grains, and make lean protein a part of your diet.
1-6. Obtain certification in CPR and first aid.
To be a police officer, you must be ready for anything, particularly in emergency situations, and being in trained in CPR and first aid is part of that. You can sign up for classes at places like the Canadian Red Cross or the Heart and Stroke Foundation.
1-7. Have a driver's license.
You must also be licensed to drive to be a police officer. In addition, you cannot have more than six points taken off your license for offenses.
2. Applying for Local Police
2-1. Get a college degree.
While you only need a high school diploma to become a police officer, you are competing against many people for entry-level positions. Therefore, a college degree, particularly one in criminal law, can help set you apart.
If your high school GPA wasn't great, try starting out at a community college. Community colleges are easier to get into, and they can help you get some of your basic classes out of the way. You can transfer later so that you can get a 4-year degree.
2-2. Become a cadet.
As a cadet, you'll be a part of the civilian force. For instance, you may be assigned as a traffic officer or as an officer in a court room. To become a cadet, apply to local positions on your police force.
You can find positions through your local government website. For instance, your city's government website may have an area where you can apply for jobs. Search through the jobs, fill in the information, and submit your application.
2-3. Attend police school.
Once you are a cadet, you must be selected to attend police college. The best way to qualify is to do well as a cadet, showing good judgment, self discipline, and dedication.
In some areas, you can go to police college before you become a cadet, if you are accepted to the school. In other areas, you must be accepted as a cadet first.
If your police department accepts cadets first, the department will give you an idea of what academy you want to attend. One of the main ones is the Canadian Police Academy, run by the government. You must work at a police office, have peace officer status, or have an investigative mandate to apply for this school.
Your application will often be processed through your police department, so talk to your supervisor about attending police college if that is your wish.
2-4. Complete your training successfully.
To move up, or in some cases, to be hired, you must graduate from police school. In addition, you may need to complete field work before being hired on full time.
3. Joining the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
3-1. Have your hearing and eyesight checked.
You must be checked by an ophthalmologist and audiologist before applying. You can download the appropriate forms on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police official website at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/process-processus-eng.htm.
Your eyes need to be at least 6/6 (20/20) and 6/9 (20/30) with glasses or contacts and at least 6/18 (20/60) in both eyes when you don't have your glasses on or contacts in. (You can also have 6/12 (20/40) and 6/30 (20/100) in uncorrected vision.)
You're hearing must be H2.
3-2. Ensure you have the basic documents available.
You will need a number of documents when applying for this position, such as your birth certificate, high school diploma, and university transcript, if you have one. You'll also need your social security number, your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship (if not Canadian-born), and a valid driver's license.
Also, find your marriage, divorce, or separation certificate if you have one. You'll also need your Provincial Health Card and two passport photos.
Finally, you'll need to prove you took Level C CPR for adults, babies, and children from an organization approved by the Canadian Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (http://www.labour.gc.ca/eng/health_safety/prevention/first_aid.shtml).
3-3. Apply for positions.
Just as in many local police forces, you must be hired on in a police officer's position to qualify for training. You apply for jobs on the Canada's main website for government jobs.
You apply for these positions as you would many government jobs. You create an account and search through the positions. Once you find an appropriate position, you select it and fill in the required information. Finally, you submit your application.
3-4. Take an exam.
Those who are qualified move on to the next step, which is the entrance exam. However, if you already have a bachelor's degree, you do not need to take the exam, as long as you can prove you have a degree.
The exam is called the RCMP Entrance Exam or the RPAB. It has two parts, a personality evaluation and an aptitude section. It is meant to assess whether you have the necessary skills to be a police officer. Passing is 3.2 out of 5.
It's nearly impossible to study for the first part, since it is a series of statements that you agree or disagree with, which the test will use to assess whether you have the right temperament to be a police officer. The second part judges composition (including grammar), comprehension, memory, judgement, observation, logic, and computation. The RCMP website offers techniques for studying for the test at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-rpab-btatpg-eng.htm#1.
3-5. Complete the selection package.
If you do well enough, the RCMP will contact you. They will include a selection packet with various documents you must fill out, including ones that provide biographical and educational information. You'll also need to fill out forms to give consent for security clearance, provide information for medical evaluation, and consent for your physical test.
One document is the Regular Member Applicant Questionnaire. This document is another assessment, looking at how reliable you are and whether you are suitable for the position.
3-6. Complete your physical assessment.
You must also complete your physical assessment, called the Physical Abilities Requirement Evaluation (PARE). The physical portion includes an obstacle course you must complete in under 4 minutes and 45 seconds, as well as a weight-carrying exercise.
The RCMP website recommends that you be very active at least a month to a month and a half in advance of your test. They advise that you perform at least 3 cardiovascular workouts a week, though 5 would be better, as well as several weight training sessions a week in preparation.
3-7. Complete the Regular Member Selection Interview (RMSI).
You will be contacted for scheduling an interview, which will see if you have the necessary skills for the RCMP. For instance, you'll need problem-solving skills and communication skills. You'll need to be flexible, consciousness, and reliable, and you'll need to be able to work on a team and meet your constituent's needs.
This interview is similar to most job interviews. You may be asked to explain how you handled difficult situations in the past or how you would respond to a particular situation.
One way to prepare is to look at the eight competencies that the RCMP requires, which are developing self, flexibility, problem solving, conscientiousness and reliability, meeting client needs, communication, teamwork, and self control and composure. The RCMP website has a description of these competencies (http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-interview-entrevue-eng.htm).
Learn as much as you can about the RCMP. Like any interview, you need to learn about the company you are applying for. You can find a large amount of information on the RCMP website. You can also talk with other police officers about their jobs to learn more about the field.
Be sure you are ready to answer the 5 essential job requirement questions by saying "yes." Basically, you have to have a driver's license, be willing to move anywhere in Canada, work shift hours, carry a weapon, and pledge allegiance to Canada.
3-8. Take a polygraph test.
You will be notified if your application up to this point has been accepted, at which point you will move on to the polygraph test. This part of the process is a little more involved than the polygraph test itself. Essentially, you'll have another suitability interview prior to the test and then take a polygraph test to confirm answers you've given throughout the application process.
The best thing you can do for this part is to relax and tell the truth. As long as you were truthful in the documents you presented, you should be fine.
3-9. Pass the background check.
After you pass the polygraph test, you will need to pass a background check. You will have already given consent to this part in your selection package, so it will be done automatically.
3-10. Pass the health assessment.
This exam includes passing the earlier hearing and eye tests. However, you also must be physically in good health, as well as mentally.
3-11. Complete your training.
You must first complete a 6-month training course for cadets at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy. After completing the course, you must complete another 6-month course, but this one is in the field under the guidance of a mentor.
3-12. Become a police officer with the RCMP.
Once you complete you're training, you are deployed in Canada. You can state a preference, but the RCMP will consider what areas need police officers first.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Be old enough.\\nYou must be at least 18 years old in most areas. However, some areas require you to be 19 years old.\\n1-2. Meet the citizenship requirements.\\nYou must have some kind of permanent status in Canada; namely, you must either be a landed immigrant, a permanent resident, or a Canadian citizen. You must also be able to speak French or English (fluently).\\n1-3. Graduate high school.\\nNo matter where you are, you must have a high school diploma or its equivalent to join the Canadian police forces. You must prove you have this education with transcripts or a diploma.\\nThis requirement means you either must go through grade 12 of school or pass an equivalency test. For instance, you can take the General Education Development (GED) tests, which are offered throughout Canada through your provincial or territorial department of education. You must pass 5 tests in total to get your GED.\\nYou may also be able to get some credit for the experience you gained over the years, which can count towards your high school diploma.\\n1-4. Have ethics and morals.\\nWhile this requirement may seem a little vague, most departments list it as a requirement. Some define this requirement as having integrity and being honest.\\nEssentially, because you will be trusted with so much responsibility, the police department wants to make sure you are worthy of that trust. They want to know that you will be honest and fair. They want to know that you will do your duty with a positive attitude and without discrimination. They want to know that you will show up when you say you will and work together with your colleagues to get the job done.\\nAs an addendum, you must also have a clean record. You cannot have a criminal conviction or pending conviction on your record.\\n1-5. Get in shape.\\nYou must be in good health and shape to be a part of the police. For instance, many police forces in Canada will require you to complete a physical exam, which may include running 2.4 kilometers in a certain time period, a swimming portion, and other physical tests.\\nIf you're not in shape, start a workout regimen at a local gym. Make sure to include aerobic exercises, weight training, and swimming as part of your routine.\\nIn addition, make sure you are eating right and getting enough sleep. Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, replace processed grains with whole grains, and make lean protein a part of your diet.\\n1-6. Obtain certification in CPR and first aid.\\nTo be a police officer, you must be ready for anything, particularly in emergency situations, and being in trained in CPR and first aid is part of that. You can sign up for classes at places like the Canadian Red Cross or the Heart and Stroke Foundation.\\n1-7. Have a driver's license.\\nYou must also be licensed to drive to be a police officer. In addition, you cannot have more than six points taken off your license for offenses.\\n2. Applying for Local Police\\n2-1. Get a college degree.\\nWhile you only need a high school diploma to become a police officer, you are competing against many people for entry-level positions. Therefore, a college degree, particularly one in criminal law, can help set you apart.\\nIf your high school GPA wasn't great, try starting out at a community college. Community colleges are easier to get into, and they can help you get some of your basic classes out of the way. You can transfer later so that you can get a 4-year degree.\\n2-2. Become a cadet.\\nAs a cadet, you'll be a part of the civilian force. For instance, you may be assigned as a traffic officer or as an officer in a court room. To become a cadet, apply to local positions on your police force.\\nYou can find positions through your local government website. For instance, your city's government website may have an area where you can apply for jobs. Search through the jobs, fill in the information, and submit your application.\\n2-3. Attend police school.\\nOnce you are a cadet, you must be selected to attend police college. The best way to qualify is to do well as a cadet, showing good judgment, self discipline, and dedication.\\nIn some areas, you can go to police college before you become a cadet, if you are accepted to the school. In other areas, you must be accepted as a cadet first.\\nIf your police department accepts cadets first, the department will give you an idea of what academy you want to attend. One of the main ones is the Canadian Police Academy, run by the government. You must work at a police office, have peace officer status, or have an investigative mandate to apply for this school.\\nYour application will often be processed through your police department, so talk to your supervisor about attending police college if that is your wish.\\n2-4. Complete your training successfully.\\nTo move up, or in some cases, to be hired, you must graduate from police school. In addition, you may need to complete field work before being hired on full time.\\n3. Joining the Royal Canadian Mounted Police\\n3-1. Have your hearing and eyesight checked.\\nYou must be checked by an ophthalmologist and audiologist before applying. You can download the appropriate forms on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police official website at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/process-processus-eng.htm.\\nYour eyes need to be at least 6/6 (20/20) and 6/9 (20/30) with glasses or contacts and at least 6/18 (20/60) in both eyes when you don't have your glasses on or contacts in. (You can also have 6/12 (20/40) and 6/30 (20/100) in uncorrected vision.)\\nYou're hearing must be H2.\\n3-2. Ensure you have the basic documents available.\\nYou will need a number of documents when applying for this position, such as your birth certificate, high school diploma, and university transcript, if you have one. You'll also need your social security number, your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship (if not Canadian-born), and a valid driver's license.\\nAlso, find your marriage, divorce, or separation certificate if you have one. You'll also need your Provincial Health Card and two passport photos.\\nFinally, you'll need to prove you took Level C CPR for adults, babies, and children from an organization approved by the Canadian Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (http://www.labour.gc.ca/eng/health_safety/prevention/first_aid.shtml).\\n3-3. Apply for positions.\\nJust as in many local police forces, you must be hired on in a police officer's position to qualify for training. You apply for jobs on the Canada's main website for government jobs.\\nYou apply for these positions as you would many government jobs. You create an account and search through the positions. Once you find an appropriate position, you select it and fill in the required information. Finally, you submit your application.\\n3-4. Take an exam.\\nThose who are qualified move on to the next step, which is the entrance exam. However, if you already have a bachelor's degree, you do not need to take the exam, as long as you can prove you have a degree.\\nThe exam is called the RCMP Entrance Exam or the RPAB. It has two parts, a personality evaluation and an aptitude section. It is meant to assess whether you have the necessary skills to be a police officer. Passing is 3.2 out of 5.\\nIt's nearly impossible to study for the first part, since it is a series of statements that you agree or disagree with, which the test will use to assess whether you have the right temperament to be a police officer. The second part judges composition (including grammar), comprehension, memory, judgement, observation, logic, and computation. The RCMP website offers techniques for studying for the test at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-rpab-btatpg-eng.htm#1.\\n3-5. Complete the selection package.\\nIf you do well enough, the RCMP will contact you. They will include a selection packet with various documents you must fill out, including ones that provide biographical and educational information. You'll also need to fill out forms to give consent for security clearance, provide information for medical evaluation, and consent for your physical test.\\nOne document is the Regular Member Applicant Questionnaire. This document is another assessment, looking at how reliable you are and whether you are suitable for the position.\\n3-6. Complete your physical assessment.\\nYou must also complete your physical assessment, called the Physical Abilities Requirement Evaluation (PARE). The physical portion includes an obstacle course you must complete in under 4 minutes and 45 seconds, as well as a weight-carrying exercise.\\nThe RCMP website recommends that you be very active at least a month to a month and a half in advance of your test. They advise that you perform at least 3 cardiovascular workouts a week, though 5 would be better, as well as several weight training sessions a week in preparation.\\n3-7. Complete the Regular Member Selection Interview (RMSI).\\nYou will be contacted for scheduling an interview, which will see if you have the necessary skills for the RCMP. For instance, you'll need problem-solving skills and communication skills. You'll need to be flexible, consciousness, and reliable, and you'll need to be able to work on a team and meet your constituent's needs.\\nThis interview is similar to most job interviews. You may be asked to explain how you handled difficult situations in the past or how you would respond to a particular situation.\\nOne way to prepare is to look at the eight competencies that the RCMP requires, which are developing self, flexibility, problem solving, conscientiousness and reliability, meeting client needs, communication, teamwork, and self control and composure. The RCMP website has a description of these competencies (http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-interview-entrevue-eng.htm).\\nLearn as much as you can about the RCMP. Like any interview, you need to learn about the company you are applying for. You can find a large amount of information on the RCMP website. You can also talk with other police officers about their jobs to learn more about the field.\\nBe sure you are ready to answer the 5 essential job requirement questions by saying \\\"yes.\\\" Basically, you have to have a driver's license, be willing to move anywhere in Canada, work shift hours, carry a weapon, and pledge allegiance to Canada.\\n3-8. Take a polygraph test.\\nYou will be notified if your application up to this point has been accepted, at which point you will move on to the polygraph test. This part of the process is a little more involved than the polygraph test itself. Essentially, you'll have another suitability interview prior to the test and then take a polygraph test to confirm answers you've given throughout the application process.\\nThe best thing you can do for this part is to relax and tell the truth. As long as you were truthful in the documents you presented, you should be fine.\\n3-9. Pass the background check.\\nAfter you pass the polygraph test, you will need to pass a background check. You will have already given consent to this part in your selection package, so it will be done automatically.\\n3-10. Pass the health assessment.\\nThis exam includes passing the earlier hearing and eye tests. However, you also must be physically in good health, as well as mentally.\\n3-11. Complete your training.\\nYou must first complete a 6-month training course for cadets at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy. After completing the course, you must complete another 6-month course, but this one is in the field under the guidance of a mentor.\\n3-12. Become a police officer with the RCMP.\\nOnce you complete you're training, you are deployed in Canada. You can state a preference, but the RCMP will consider what areas need police officers first.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're a Canadian considering a career in policing, you have the opportunity to join the national police force called the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or join a provincial police force. Each Canadian law enforcement agency has its own requirements and standards for police recruits, but you will see some basic requirements across the agencies. Once the agency has verified you meet all the requirements, the recruit will need to complete an extensive hiring process to become a Canadian police officer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be old enough.\", \"描述\": \"You must be at least 18 years old in most areas. However, some areas require you to be 19 years old.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meet the citizenship requirements.\", \"描述\": \"You must have some kind of permanent status in Canada; namely, you must either be a landed immigrant, a permanent resident, or a Canadian citizen. You must also be able to speak French or English (fluently).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Graduate high school.\", \"描述\": \"No matter where you are, you must have a high school diploma or its equivalent to join the Canadian police forces. You must prove you have this education with transcripts or a diploma.\\nThis requirement means you either must go through grade 12 of school or pass an equivalency test. For instance, you can take the General Education Development (GED) tests, which are offered throughout Canada through your provincial or territorial department of education. You must pass 5 tests in total to get your GED.\\nYou may also be able to get some credit for the experience you gained over the years, which can count towards your high school diploma.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have ethics and morals.\", \"描述\": \"While this requirement may seem a little vague, most departments list it as a requirement. Some define this requirement as having integrity and being honest.\\nEssentially, because you will be trusted with so much responsibility, the police department wants to make sure you are worthy of that trust. They want to know that you will be honest and fair. They want to know that you will do your duty with a positive attitude and without discrimination. They want to know that you will show up when you say you will and work together with your colleagues to get the job done.\\nAs an addendum, you must also have a clean record. You cannot have a criminal conviction or pending conviction on your record.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get in shape.\", \"描述\": \"You must be in good health and shape to be a part of the police. For instance, many police forces in Canada will require you to complete a physical exam, which may include running 2.4 kilometers in a certain time period, a swimming portion, and other physical tests.\\nIf you're not in shape, start a workout regimen at a local gym. Make sure to include aerobic exercises, weight training, and swimming as part of your routine.\\nIn addition, make sure you are eating right and getting enough sleep. Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, replace processed grains with whole grains, and make lean protein a part of your diet.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Obtain certification in CPR and first aid.\", \"描述\": \"To be a police officer, you must be ready for anything, particularly in emergency situations, and being in trained in CPR and first aid is part of that. You can sign up for classes at places like the Canadian Red Cross or the Heart and Stroke Foundation.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Have a driver's license.\", \"描述\": \"You must also be licensed to drive to be a police officer. In addition, you cannot have more than six points taken off your license for offenses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Local Police\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a college degree.\", \"描述\": \"While you only need a high school diploma to become a police officer, you are competing against many people for entry-level positions. Therefore, a college degree, particularly one in criminal law, can help set you apart.\\nIf your high school GPA wasn't great, try starting out at a community college. Community colleges are easier to get into, and they can help you get some of your basic classes out of the way. You can transfer later so that you can get a 4-year degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a cadet.\", \"描述\": \"As a cadet, you'll be a part of the civilian force. For instance, you may be assigned as a traffic officer or as an officer in a court room. To become a cadet, apply to local positions on your police force.\\nYou can find positions through your local government website. For instance, your city's government website may have an area where you can apply for jobs. Search through the jobs, fill in the information, and submit your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend police school.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are a cadet, you must be selected to attend police college. The best way to qualify is to do well as a cadet, showing good judgment, self discipline, and dedication.\\nIn some areas, you can go to police college before you become a cadet, if you are accepted to the school. In other areas, you must be accepted as a cadet first.\\nIf your police department accepts cadets first, the department will give you an idea of what academy you want to attend. One of the main ones is the Canadian Police Academy, run by the government. You must work at a police office, have peace officer status, or have an investigative mandate to apply for this school.\\nYour application will often be processed through your police department, so talk to your supervisor about attending police college if that is your wish.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete your training successfully.\", \"描述\": \"To move up, or in some cases, to be hired, you must graduate from police school. In addition, you may need to complete field work before being hired on full time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Joining the Royal Canadian Mounted Police\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have your hearing and eyesight checked.\", \"描述\": \"You must be checked by an ophthalmologist and audiologist before applying. You can download the appropriate forms on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police official website at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/process-processus-eng.htm.\\nYour eyes need to be at least 6/6 (20/20) and 6/9 (20/30) with glasses or contacts and at least 6/18 (20/60) in both eyes when you don't have your glasses on or contacts in. (You can also have 6/12 (20/40) and 6/30 (20/100) in uncorrected vision.)\\nYou're hearing must be H2.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ensure you have the basic documents available.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a number of documents when applying for this position, such as your birth certificate, high school diploma, and university transcript, if you have one. You'll also need your social security number, your Certificate of Canadian Citizenship (if not Canadian-born), and a valid driver's license.\\nAlso, find your marriage, divorce, or separation certificate if you have one. You'll also need your Provincial Health Card and two passport photos.\\nFinally, you'll need to prove you took Level C CPR for adults, babies, and children from an organization approved by the Canadian Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (http://www.labour.gc.ca/eng/health_safety/prevention/first_aid.shtml).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for positions.\", \"描述\": \"Just as in many local police forces, you must be hired on in a police officer's position to qualify for training. You apply for jobs on the Canada's main website for government jobs.\\nYou apply for these positions as you would many government jobs. You create an account and search through the positions. Once you find an appropriate position, you select it and fill in the required information. Finally, you submit your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take an exam.\", \"描述\": \"Those who are qualified move on to the next step, which is the entrance exam. However, if you already have a bachelor's degree, you do not need to take the exam, as long as you can prove you have a degree.\\nThe exam is called the RCMP Entrance Exam or the RPAB. It has two parts, a personality evaluation and an aptitude section. It is meant to assess whether you have the necessary skills to be a police officer. Passing is 3.2 out of 5.\\nIt's nearly impossible to study for the first part, since it is a series of statements that you agree or disagree with, which the test will use to assess whether you have the right temperament to be a police officer. The second part judges composition (including grammar), comprehension, memory, judgement, observation, logic, and computation. The RCMP website offers techniques for studying for the test at http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-rpab-btatpg-eng.htm#1.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete the selection package.\", \"描述\": \"If you do well enough, the RCMP will contact you. They will include a selection packet with various documents you must fill out, including ones that provide biographical and educational information. You'll also need to fill out forms to give consent for security clearance, provide information for medical evaluation, and consent for your physical test.\\nOne document is the Regular Member Applicant Questionnaire. This document is another assessment, looking at how reliable you are and whether you are suitable for the position.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete your physical assessment.\", \"描述\": \"You must also complete your physical assessment, called the Physical Abilities Requirement Evaluation (PARE). The physical portion includes an obstacle course you must complete in under 4 minutes and 45 seconds, as well as a weight-carrying exercise.\\nThe RCMP website recommends that you be very active at least a month to a month and a half in advance of your test. They advise that you perform at least 3 cardiovascular workouts a week, though 5 would be better, as well as several weight training sessions a week in preparation.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Complete the Regular Member Selection Interview (RMSI).\", \"描述\": \"You will be contacted for scheduling an interview, which will see if you have the necessary skills for the RCMP. For instance, you'll need problem-solving skills and communication skills. You'll need to be flexible, consciousness, and reliable, and you'll need to be able to work on a team and meet your constituent's needs.\\nThis interview is similar to most job interviews. You may be asked to explain how you handled difficult situations in the past or how you would respond to a particular situation.\\nOne way to prepare is to look at the eight competencies that the RCMP requires, which are developing self, flexibility, problem solving, conscientiousness and reliability, meeting client needs, communication, teamwork, and self control and composure. The RCMP website has a description of these competencies (http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rec/prep-interview-entrevue-eng.htm).\\nLearn as much as you can about the RCMP. Like any interview, you need to learn about the company you are applying for. You can find a large amount of information on the RCMP website. You can also talk with other police officers about their jobs to learn more about the field.\\nBe sure you are ready to answer the 5 essential job requirement questions by saying \\\"yes.\\\" Basically, you have to have a driver's license, be willing to move anywhere in Canada, work shift hours, carry a weapon, and pledge allegiance to Canada.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take a polygraph test.\", \"描述\": \"You will be notified if your application up to this point has been accepted, at which point you will move on to the polygraph test. This part of the process is a little more involved than the polygraph test itself. Essentially, you'll have another suitability interview prior to the test and then take a polygraph test to confirm answers you've given throughout the application process.\\nThe best thing you can do for this part is to relax and tell the truth. As long as you were truthful in the documents you presented, you should be fine.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pass the background check.\", \"描述\": \"After you pass the polygraph test, you will need to pass a background check. You will have already given consent to this part in your selection package, so it will be done automatically.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Pass the health assessment.\", \"描述\": \"This exam includes passing the earlier hearing and eye tests. However, you also must be physically in good health, as well as mentally.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Complete your training.\", \"描述\": \"You must first complete a 6-month training course for cadets at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy. After completing the course, you must complete another 6-month course, but this one is in the field under the guidance of a mentor.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Become a police officer with the RCMP.\", \"描述\": \"Once you complete you're training, you are deployed in Canada. You can state a preference, but the RCMP will consider what areas need police officers first.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,237 |
How to Become a Car Dealer in California
|
1. Getting Started
1-1. Decide if you need a license.
If you’re just selling your own used car you don’t need a license. However, if you’re going to be buying and selling cars for the purpose of making a profit, you’ll need a license from the DMV. Selling cars for profit without a license in CA is illegal. This activity is called “curbstoning” and can involved hefty fines if you’re caught.
If you’re unsure of whether your situation requires a license, contact the DMV. CA has been cracking down on curbstoners in the last few years.
1-2. Decide if you want to be a wholesale dealer or a retail dealer.
The main distinctions are whether you will be selling cars directly to the public and whether you need to have retail space. The same paperwork is required for obtaining a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.
A wholesale dealer is able to buy cars directly from other dealer and sell them to other dealers. A wholesale dealer may also export cars to other countries. However, a wholesale dealer may not sell directly to the public. A wholesale dealer needs to have an office but doesn’t need to have a sign or a space for displaying vehicles.
A retail dealer can buy cars directly from dealers and sell them to other dealers and to the public. A retail dealer may also export cars to other countries. A retail detail needs an office, a sign, and a space for displaying vehicles.
1-3. Decide if you want to add an auto broker endorsement to your license.
An auto-broker endorsement allows you act as a middleman between buyers and sellers. You can add an auto-broker endorsement to either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.
As a wholesaler dealer, having an auto broker endorsement is the only way to sell directly to the public.
No additional paperwork is required to get an auto-broker endorsement. You just have a check a box on your licensing application.
2. Completing an Abbreviated Background Check
2-1. Contact the Occupational Licensing Inspector in your area.
The Inspector can help you decide if you need to complete an abbreviated background check. Everyone has to complete a full background check in order to become a car dealer in CA. However, CA offers an cheaper abbreviated background check for people who aren’t sure they’ll pass the full background check. If you have any criminal convictions, bankruptcies, or civil judgments against you, you should complete an abbreviated background check before investing too much money in your business.
A list of Occupational Licensing Inspectors can be found at https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/?1dmy&urile=wcm:path:/dmv_content_en/dmv/fo/inspector_office.
2-2. Fill out the Personal History Questionnaire.
This form asks about your education and work history. It also asks if your criminal history and whether you have any civil judgments against you.
Be completely honest in your answers. CA will do an independent review of your background. If you leave out any information you may be barred from receiving a license.
2-3. Gather copies of any arrest records and court documents.
You’ll need to submit these along with the Personal History Questionnaire. If you don’t have copies on hand, you can obtain them from the jurisdiction where you were arrested or went to court.
2-4. Submit the paperwork to the Occupational Licensing Inspector.
You’ll need to include a check for $176 to cover the cost of the abbreviated background check.
2-5. Wait for the DMV’s decision.
This will take several weeks depending on your background. There is no hard and fast rule as to what can disqualify you for a license. In general, the DMV is looking for any evidence of “moral turpitude.”
3. Setting Up Your Business
3-1. Create a fictitious business name.
Unless you’ll be doing business under your own name, you need to create and register a name for your business. Go to your local County Recorder’s office to file the paperwork. The fee is $100.
3-2. Apply for a business license.
Go to your local Town Hall and ask to speak with the tax and license division. Using your own name or the fictitious business name you created, register your business with the city.
There many options for registering your business. You can register an LLC, a corporation, a partnership, or any number of other business entities. It’s best to talk to a lawyer before deciding what kind of entity you want your business to be.
The cost of your business license will vary by city, what kind of entity you set up, and your annual revenue.
3-3. Get a surety bond.
Find a bonding company in California and purchase the required $50,000 surety bond.
A surety bond ensures that you will meet your obligations as a car dealer.
The cost of surety bonds depends on your credit, but you can expect to pay around $1,000 to $15,000 per year.
4. Setting Up to Be a Wholesale Dealer
4-1. Decide if you want to work out of your home or another space.
A wholesale dealership can be run entirely from your home. However, if you don’t have space for an office in your home you’ll need to lease or purchase a space.
4-2. Set up an office.
Remember, it’s OK for it to be a home office.
You don’t need a sign or space for a car to be a wholesale dealer.
4-3. Obtain a copy of your lease.
You’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your office. If you own your office, a copy of your mortgage is required.
5. Setting Up to Be a Retail Dealer
5-1. Set up an office.
It’s OK for it to be a home office. However, since you also need a retail space to be a retail dealer, it makes more sense for the office and retail space to be in the same location.
5-2. Get a sign that is at least two square feet.
Since you’ll be selling to the public, the DMV requires you to have a sign that advertises yourself as a car dealer.
5-3. Have a space that is big enough for at least two cars.
Since you’re going to be selling cars directly to the public, you need a space to keep the cars. The DMV requires you to have enough space for at least two cars, but of course you can have much more space than that.
5-4. Obtain a copy of your lease.
You’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your space. If you own your space, a copy of your mortgage is required.
6. Setting Up to Be An Auto Broker
6-1. Obtain either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.
An auto broker endorsement is an add-on to your license, so you need a license before you can become a broker.
6-2. Set up an office.
If you’re adding the broker endorsement to your wholesale dealer license you can use a home office.
6-3. Get a sign that is at least two square feet.
If you’re adding the broker endorsement to your retail dealer license, you’ll need a retail space that can fit at least two cars.
7. Getting Your License
7-1. Complete the CA licensing class.
This class is required to become a car dealer in CA. The class is six hours long and will teach you about CA laws that regulate car dealers.
Various private organizations offer the class. Check the CA DMV website for listings. The cost is around $125 depending which organization you choose.
7-2. Pass the licensing test.
Once you’ve completed the class you’ll take a test that tests your knowledge of CA car dealer law. The test costs $16.
7-3. Complete the “Application for Original Occupational License.”
You can obtain a paper copy of the application at the DMV or go online. The application will ask whether you are applying for a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license, and whether you want to add an auto-broker endorsement to your license.
Have all of the paperwork for your business, your surety bond, and your financial information with you when you fill out the application.
7-4. Gather copies of your paperwork to mail to the DMV.
You’ll need copies of the following documents: 1) Surety bond; 2) Driver’s license; 3) Lease or mortgage for your office and retail space; 4) Dealer Education Certificate of Completion; 5) Business license; 6) Fictitious Name Statement; 7) Photographs of your retail location.
Keep copies of everything as you go to make the final application process go more smoothly.
7-5. Mail in your completed application along with copies of your paperwork.
It’s best to do this via certified mail to ensure that the DMV receives everything.
It will take several weeks to get a decision. Once your application is approved you can begin selling cars.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Started\\n1-1. Decide if you need a license.\\nIf you’re just selling your own used car you don’t need a license. However, if you’re going to be buying and selling cars for the purpose of making a profit, you’ll need a license from the DMV. Selling cars for profit without a license in CA is illegal. This activity is called “curbstoning” and can involved hefty fines if you’re caught.\\nIf you’re unsure of whether your situation requires a license, contact the DMV. CA has been cracking down on curbstoners in the last few years.\\n1-2. Decide if you want to be a wholesale dealer or a retail dealer.\\nThe main distinctions are whether you will be selling cars directly to the public and whether you need to have retail space. The same paperwork is required for obtaining a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\\nA wholesale dealer is able to buy cars directly from other dealer and sell them to other dealers. A wholesale dealer may also export cars to other countries. However, a wholesale dealer may not sell directly to the public. A wholesale dealer needs to have an office but doesn’t need to have a sign or a space for displaying vehicles. \\nA retail dealer can buy cars directly from dealers and sell them to other dealers and to the public. A retail dealer may also export cars to other countries. A retail detail needs an office, a sign, and a space for displaying vehicles.\\n1-3. Decide if you want to add an auto broker endorsement to your license.\\nAn auto-broker endorsement allows you act as a middleman between buyers and sellers. You can add an auto-broker endorsement to either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\\nAs a wholesaler dealer, having an auto broker endorsement is the only way to sell directly to the public.\\nNo additional paperwork is required to get an auto-broker endorsement. You just have a check a box on your licensing application.\\n2. Completing an Abbreviated Background Check\\n2-1. Contact the Occupational Licensing Inspector in your area.\\nThe Inspector can help you decide if you need to complete an abbreviated background check. Everyone has to complete a full background check in order to become a car dealer in CA. However, CA offers an cheaper abbreviated background check for people who aren’t sure they’ll pass the full background check. If you have any criminal convictions, bankruptcies, or civil judgments against you, you should complete an abbreviated background check before investing too much money in your business.\\nA list of Occupational Licensing Inspectors can be found at https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/?1dmy&urile=wcm:path:/dmv_content_en/dmv/fo/inspector_office.\\n2-2. Fill out the Personal History Questionnaire.\\nThis form asks about your education and work history. It also asks if your criminal history and whether you have any civil judgments against you. \\nBe completely honest in your answers. CA will do an independent review of your background. If you leave out any information you may be barred from receiving a license.\\n2-3. Gather copies of any arrest records and court documents.\\nYou’ll need to submit these along with the Personal History Questionnaire. If you don’t have copies on hand, you can obtain them from the jurisdiction where you were arrested or went to court.\\n2-4. Submit the paperwork to the Occupational Licensing Inspector.\\nYou’ll need to include a check for $176 to cover the cost of the abbreviated background check.\\n2-5. Wait for the DMV’s decision.\\nThis will take several weeks depending on your background. There is no hard and fast rule as to what can disqualify you for a license. In general, the DMV is looking for any evidence of “moral turpitude.”\\n3. Setting Up Your Business\\n3-1. Create a fictitious business name.\\nUnless you’ll be doing business under your own name, you need to create and register a name for your business. Go to your local County Recorder’s office to file the paperwork. The fee is $100.\\n3-2. Apply for a business license.\\nGo to your local Town Hall and ask to speak with the tax and license division. Using your own name or the fictitious business name you created, register your business with the city.\\nThere many options for registering your business. You can register an LLC, a corporation, a partnership, or any number of other business entities. It’s best to talk to a lawyer before deciding what kind of entity you want your business to be.\\nThe cost of your business license will vary by city, what kind of entity you set up, and your annual revenue.\\n3-3. Get a surety bond.\\nFind a bonding company in California and purchase the required $50,000 surety bond.\\nA surety bond ensures that you will meet your obligations as a car dealer.\\nThe cost of surety bonds depends on your credit, but you can expect to pay around $1,000 to $15,000 per year.\\n4. Setting Up to Be a Wholesale Dealer\\n4-1. Decide if you want to work out of your home or another space.\\nA wholesale dealership can be run entirely from your home. However, if you don’t have space for an office in your home you’ll need to lease or purchase a space.\\n4-2. Set up an office.\\nRemember, it’s OK for it to be a home office.\\nYou don’t need a sign or space for a car to be a wholesale dealer.\\n4-3. Obtain a copy of your lease.\\nYou’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your office. If you own your office, a copy of your mortgage is required.\\n5. Setting Up to Be a Retail Dealer\\n5-1. Set up an office.\\nIt’s OK for it to be a home office. However, since you also need a retail space to be a retail dealer, it makes more sense for the office and retail space to be in the same location.\\n5-2. Get a sign that is at least two square feet.\\nSince you’ll be selling to the public, the DMV requires you to have a sign that advertises yourself as a car dealer.\\n5-3. Have a space that is big enough for at least two cars.\\nSince you’re going to be selling cars directly to the public, you need a space to keep the cars. The DMV requires you to have enough space for at least two cars, but of course you can have much more space than that.\\n5-4. Obtain a copy of your lease.\\nYou’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your space. If you own your space, a copy of your mortgage is required.\\n6. Setting Up to Be An Auto Broker\\n6-1. Obtain either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\\nAn auto broker endorsement is an add-on to your license, so you need a license before you can become a broker.\\n6-2. Set up an office.\\nIf you’re adding the broker endorsement to your wholesale dealer license you can use a home office.\\n6-3. Get a sign that is at least two square feet.\\nIf you’re adding the broker endorsement to your retail dealer license, you’ll need a retail space that can fit at least two cars.\\n7. Getting Your License\\n7-1. Complete the CA licensing class.\\nThis class is required to become a car dealer in CA. The class is six hours long and will teach you about CA laws that regulate car dealers.\\nVarious private organizations offer the class. Check the CA DMV website for listings. The cost is around $125 depending which organization you choose.\\n7-2. Pass the licensing test.\\nOnce you’ve completed the class you’ll take a test that tests your knowledge of CA car dealer law. The test costs $16.\\n7-3. Complete the “Application for Original Occupational License.”\\nYou can obtain a paper copy of the application at the DMV or go online. The application will ask whether you are applying for a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license, and whether you want to add an auto-broker endorsement to your license.\\nHave all of the paperwork for your business, your surety bond, and your financial information with you when you fill out the application.\\n7-4. Gather copies of your paperwork to mail to the DMV.\\nYou’ll need copies of the following documents: 1) Surety bond; 2) Driver’s license; 3) Lease or mortgage for your office and retail space; 4) Dealer Education Certificate of Completion; 5) Business license; 6) Fictitious Name Statement; 7) Photographs of your retail location.\\nKeep copies of everything as you go to make the final application process go more smoothly.\\n7-5. Mail in your completed application along with copies of your paperwork.\\nIt’s best to do this via certified mail to ensure that the DMV receives everything.\\nIt will take several weeks to get a decision. Once your application is approved you can begin selling cars.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are three ways to can buy and sell cars in California. You can operate as a wholesaler, who purchases cars from auctions and sells them to car dealers. You can operate as a retailer, who buys cars from auctions and dealers and sells them directly to the public. And you can operate as a broker, who facilitates sales between buyers and sellers and takes a cut of the profits. All three activities require you to have a license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Started\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if you need a license.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re just selling your own used car you don’t need a license. However, if you’re going to be buying and selling cars for the purpose of making a profit, you’ll need a license from the DMV. Selling cars for profit without a license in CA is illegal. This activity is called “curbstoning” and can involved hefty fines if you’re caught.\\nIf you’re unsure of whether your situation requires a license, contact the DMV. CA has been cracking down on curbstoners in the last few years.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to be a wholesale dealer or a retail dealer.\", \"描述\": \"The main distinctions are whether you will be selling cars directly to the public and whether you need to have retail space. The same paperwork is required for obtaining a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\\nA wholesale dealer is able to buy cars directly from other dealer and sell them to other dealers. A wholesale dealer may also export cars to other countries. However, a wholesale dealer may not sell directly to the public. A wholesale dealer needs to have an office but doesn’t need to have a sign or a space for displaying vehicles. \\nA retail dealer can buy cars directly from dealers and sell them to other dealers and to the public. A retail dealer may also export cars to other countries. A retail detail needs an office, a sign, and a space for displaying vehicles.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to add an auto broker endorsement to your license.\", \"描述\": \"An auto-broker endorsement allows you act as a middleman between buyers and sellers. You can add an auto-broker endorsement to either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\\nAs a wholesaler dealer, having an auto broker endorsement is the only way to sell directly to the public.\\nNo additional paperwork is required to get an auto-broker endorsement. You just have a check a box on your licensing application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing an Abbreviated Background Check\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact the Occupational Licensing Inspector in your area.\", \"描述\": \"The Inspector can help you decide if you need to complete an abbreviated background check. Everyone has to complete a full background check in order to become a car dealer in CA. However, CA offers an cheaper abbreviated background check for people who aren’t sure they’ll pass the full background check. If you have any criminal convictions, bankruptcies, or civil judgments against you, you should complete an abbreviated background check before investing too much money in your business.\\nA list of Occupational Licensing Inspectors can be found at https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/?1dmy&urile=wcm:path:/dmv_content_en/dmv/fo/inspector_office.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out the Personal History Questionnaire.\", \"描述\": \"This form asks about your education and work history. It also asks if your criminal history and whether you have any civil judgments against you. \\nBe completely honest in your answers. CA will do an independent review of your background. If you leave out any information you may be barred from receiving a license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gather copies of any arrest records and court documents.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to submit these along with the Personal History Questionnaire. If you don’t have copies on hand, you can obtain them from the jurisdiction where you were arrested or went to court.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit the paperwork to the Occupational Licensing Inspector.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to include a check for $176 to cover the cost of the abbreviated background check.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait for the DMV’s decision.\", \"描述\": \"This will take several weeks depending on your background. There is no hard and fast rule as to what can disqualify you for a license. In general, the DMV is looking for any evidence of “moral turpitude.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Setting Up Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a fictitious business name.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you’ll be doing business under your own name, you need to create and register a name for your business. Go to your local County Recorder’s office to file the paperwork. The fee is $100.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a business license.\", \"描述\": \"Go to your local Town Hall and ask to speak with the tax and license division. Using your own name or the fictitious business name you created, register your business with the city.\\nThere many options for registering your business. You can register an LLC, a corporation, a partnership, or any number of other business entities. It’s best to talk to a lawyer before deciding what kind of entity you want your business to be.\\nThe cost of your business license will vary by city, what kind of entity you set up, and your annual revenue.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a surety bond.\", \"描述\": \"Find a bonding company in California and purchase the required $50,000 surety bond.\\nA surety bond ensures that you will meet your obligations as a car dealer.\\nThe cost of surety bonds depends on your credit, but you can expect to pay around $1,000 to $15,000 per year.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Setting Up to Be a Wholesale Dealer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to work out of your home or another space.\", \"描述\": \"A wholesale dealership can be run entirely from your home. However, if you don’t have space for an office in your home you’ll need to lease or purchase a space.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set up an office.\", \"描述\": \"Remember, it’s OK for it to be a home office.\\nYou don’t need a sign or space for a car to be a wholesale dealer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain a copy of your lease.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your office. If you own your office, a copy of your mortgage is required.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Setting Up to Be a Retail Dealer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set up an office.\", \"描述\": \"It’s OK for it to be a home office. However, since you also need a retail space to be a retail dealer, it makes more sense for the office and retail space to be in the same location.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a sign that is at least two square feet.\", \"描述\": \"Since you’ll be selling to the public, the DMV requires you to have a sign that advertises yourself as a car dealer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have a space that is big enough for at least two cars.\", \"描述\": \"Since you’re going to be selling cars directly to the public, you need a space to keep the cars. The DMV requires you to have enough space for at least two cars, but of course you can have much more space than that.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain a copy of your lease.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need a copy of your lease if you rent your space. If you own your space, a copy of your mortgage is required.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Setting Up to Be An Auto Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain either a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license.\", \"描述\": \"An auto broker endorsement is an add-on to your license, so you need a license before you can become a broker.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set up an office.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re adding the broker endorsement to your wholesale dealer license you can use a home office.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a sign that is at least two square feet.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re adding the broker endorsement to your retail dealer license, you’ll need a retail space that can fit at least two cars.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Getting Your License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the CA licensing class.\", \"描述\": \"This class is required to become a car dealer in CA. The class is six hours long and will teach you about CA laws that regulate car dealers.\\nVarious private organizations offer the class. Check the CA DMV website for listings. The cost is around $125 depending which organization you choose.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the licensing test.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve completed the class you’ll take a test that tests your knowledge of CA car dealer law. The test costs $16.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the “Application for Original Occupational License.”\", \"描述\": \"You can obtain a paper copy of the application at the DMV or go online. The application will ask whether you are applying for a wholesale dealer license or a retail dealer license, and whether you want to add an auto-broker endorsement to your license.\\nHave all of the paperwork for your business, your surety bond, and your financial information with you when you fill out the application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gather copies of your paperwork to mail to the DMV.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need copies of the following documents: 1) Surety bond; 2) Driver’s license; 3) Lease or mortgage for your office and retail space; 4) Dealer Education Certificate of Completion; 5) Business license; 6) Fictitious Name Statement; 7) Photographs of your retail location.\\nKeep copies of everything as you go to make the final application process go more smoothly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Mail in your completed application along with copies of your paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"It’s best to do this via certified mail to ensure that the DMV receives everything.\\nIt will take several weeks to get a decision. Once your application is approved you can begin selling cars.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,238 |
How to Become a Car Designer
|
1. Getting the Necessary Education
1-1. Get hands on experience working with cars.
Before you get your formal education in automotive design, you should start with a genuine interest and passion in cars. If possible, spend time in an automotive shop or work first hand on a car to see how cars are built and how they function on a mechanical level.
You should also develop knowledge of the latest trends in automotive design and be interested in learning more about innovations in automotive design.
Strong drawing and sculpting skills are also key to being a successful car designer. Most employers are looking for people who possess creative skills and mechanical knowledge of cars, as they will be well rounded designers.
1-2. Complete a bachelor’s degree in an automotive design program.
A bachelor’s degree is typically the minimum educational requirements for applying for car designer positions. Technical schools that have close relationships to automobile companies and traditional universities with automotive design programs that are well respected in the industry are both good options.
Though a degree in an automotive design or automotive engineering program is ideal, you may also qualify to be a car designer if you have a bachelor's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering.
Often, employers will recruit graduates from automotive design programs to work at their companies, or to place them in an internship. So its important that you choose the program carefully. Look for automotive design programs that are affordable, well respected, and offer a variety of necessary courses. You can also take beginner classes in automotive or transportation design during your undergraduate degree and then consider applying for a specialized program or degree in automotive design.
Most automotive design programs offer courses that focus on designing cars and other road vehicles, as well as the mechanical functions of automobiles and vehicle dynamics. You will also take classes on math, computer-aided drafting (CAD) and model making to prepare you for the industry.
1-3. Consider getting a master’s degree if you want a higher salary.
Some automotive designers decide to pursue a master’s degree in the likelihood of qualifying for higher pay. You may also consider getting a masters in automotive engineering to expand your knowledge and skill set. However, having a master’s degree is by no means a requirement for applying to automotive designer positions.
A master's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering may also be a good option.
1-4. Apply for internships at design firms.
Rather than dive head first into the competitive automobile design world, apply for internships at design firms in your last year of schooling. An internship will give you the opportunity to work with experienced professionals and to build your portfolio.
Keep in mind most internships are unpaid. However, many internships can lead to employment at the company you are interning with, or a leg up on the competition if you apply for a position and the company is familiar with your work.
2. Building Your Portfolio and Contacts
2-1. Do mock drawings for different companies.
Your portfolio should showcase your creativity and innovation. But it should also demonstrate an awareness of current design types and styles used by major automotive companies. Professional automotive designers are expected to engineer designs that will fit within an existing “corporate look” or design portfolio of a company. Choose several big names in cars, such as Ford, Toyota, or Volkswagen, and create sketches based on the existing designs of their cars.
For example, Ford uses a theme called Kinetic Design. The design centers on the idea of a motionless object appearing as though it is moving. This theme influences the design of every Ford car, from sportier models like the Focus ST to family focused models like the 4x4. As a designer, you need to be able to work within this theme, while still demonstrating your creativity and innovation.
Your portfolio should also showcase your abilities with computer-aided modelling and clay modelling to give employers a sense of your skill set.
2-2. Make connections during your internship.
Focus on making an impression during your internship by asking for advice and guidance from mentors and other professionals. Build professional relationships with your peers and make a good impression on the superiors in the company by completing your tasks and demonstrating your skills during your internship.
At the end of your internship, exchange business cards with any mentors or peers you feel you have connected with on a professional level. Have a discussion with your superior about possible job opportunities in the future and how you can further develop you skill set to make you a top candidate for employment at the company.
2-3. Join a professional automotive design organization.
Many car designers who are just starting out will join a professional organization to get a better handle on the industry. These organizations can help you meet other car designers in the field, discuss current innovations in car design, and network with more experienced designers.
Ask your peers in your automotive program if they are part of any professional trade associations or look up professional automotive design organizations online. Start by contacting two major trade organizations in the field: The Industrial Designers Society of America and the Automotive Design Organization.
2-4. Network at automotive design trade shows and conferences.
These are great opportunities to meet key designers in the industry, check out the latest design innovations, and network with potential employers. Many trade associations will hold their own annual conferences, and may have connections to larger trade shows and conventions.
Bring business cards to trade shows and conferences for easy networking. Focus on being personable and engaged when you meet a potential contact.
3. Applying For Positions
3-1. Look for positions at large multinational corporations.
Many designers look for entry level positions at established corporations like General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, or Honda. The benefit of working for larger corporations is you are able to learn from a team of experienced designers, you can become familiar with a particular brand and theme, and you will likely earn a stable income. In the U.S., salaries can range from $43,000-$57,000.
3-2. Consider applying for a position at a start-up company.
As a designer, you may be a good fit at a smaller, start-up alternate fuel company. Though you may receive a lower salary than a position at a large corporation, you will get to work on alternative designs and innovative approaches to alternate fuel cars.
3-3. Be prepared to move for work.
Often, upon graduation, you will need to be willing to go where you can find work. You may need to move overseas or across the country if a position comes up that would be a good fit.
The average salary in the UK for car designers is around £50,000. UK manufacturers tend to develop niche sports or prestige car markets, instead of the more U.S. based “consumer” vehicles. So this means you may be eligible for a higher salary overseas.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Necessary Education\\n1-1. Get hands on experience working with cars.\\nBefore you get your formal education in automotive design, you should start with a genuine interest and passion in cars. If possible, spend time in an automotive shop or work first hand on a car to see how cars are built and how they function on a mechanical level.\\nYou should also develop knowledge of the latest trends in automotive design and be interested in learning more about innovations in automotive design.\\nStrong drawing and sculpting skills are also key to being a successful car designer. Most employers are looking for people who possess creative skills and mechanical knowledge of cars, as they will be well rounded designers.\\n1-2. Complete a bachelor’s degree in an automotive design program.\\nA bachelor’s degree is typically the minimum educational requirements for applying for car designer positions. Technical schools that have close relationships to automobile companies and traditional universities with automotive design programs that are well respected in the industry are both good options. \\nThough a degree in an automotive design or automotive engineering program is ideal, you may also qualify to be a car designer if you have a bachelor's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering.\\nOften, employers will recruit graduates from automotive design programs to work at their companies, or to place them in an internship. So its important that you choose the program carefully. Look for automotive design programs that are affordable, well respected, and offer a variety of necessary courses. You can also take beginner classes in automotive or transportation design during your undergraduate degree and then consider applying for a specialized program or degree in automotive design.\\nMost automotive design programs offer courses that focus on designing cars and other road vehicles, as well as the mechanical functions of automobiles and vehicle dynamics. You will also take classes on math, computer-aided drafting (CAD) and model making to prepare you for the industry.\\n1-3. Consider getting a master’s degree if you want a higher salary.\\nSome automotive designers decide to pursue a master’s degree in the likelihood of qualifying for higher pay. You may also consider getting a masters in automotive engineering to expand your knowledge and skill set. However, having a master’s degree is by no means a requirement for applying to automotive designer positions.\\nA master's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering may also be a good option.\\n1-4. Apply for internships at design firms.\\nRather than dive head first into the competitive automobile design world, apply for internships at design firms in your last year of schooling. An internship will give you the opportunity to work with experienced professionals and to build your portfolio.\\nKeep in mind most internships are unpaid. However, many internships can lead to employment at the company you are interning with, or a leg up on the competition if you apply for a position and the company is familiar with your work.\\n2. Building Your Portfolio and Contacts\\n2-1. Do mock drawings for different companies.\\nYour portfolio should showcase your creativity and innovation. But it should also demonstrate an awareness of current design types and styles used by major automotive companies. Professional automotive designers are expected to engineer designs that will fit within an existing “corporate look” or design portfolio of a company. Choose several big names in cars, such as Ford, Toyota, or Volkswagen, and create sketches based on the existing designs of their cars.\\nFor example, Ford uses a theme called Kinetic Design. The design centers on the idea of a motionless object appearing as though it is moving. This theme influences the design of every Ford car, from sportier models like the Focus ST to family focused models like the 4x4. As a designer, you need to be able to work within this theme, while still demonstrating your creativity and innovation.\\nYour portfolio should also showcase your abilities with computer-aided modelling and clay modelling to give employers a sense of your skill set.\\n2-2. Make connections during your internship.\\nFocus on making an impression during your internship by asking for advice and guidance from mentors and other professionals. Build professional relationships with your peers and make a good impression on the superiors in the company by completing your tasks and demonstrating your skills during your internship.\\nAt the end of your internship, exchange business cards with any mentors or peers you feel you have connected with on a professional level. Have a discussion with your superior about possible job opportunities in the future and how you can further develop you skill set to make you a top candidate for employment at the company.\\n2-3. Join a professional automotive design organization.\\nMany car designers who are just starting out will join a professional organization to get a better handle on the industry. These organizations can help you meet other car designers in the field, discuss current innovations in car design, and network with more experienced designers.\\nAsk your peers in your automotive program if they are part of any professional trade associations or look up professional automotive design organizations online. Start by contacting two major trade organizations in the field: The Industrial Designers Society of America and the Automotive Design Organization.\\n2-4. Network at automotive design trade shows and conferences.\\nThese are great opportunities to meet key designers in the industry, check out the latest design innovations, and network with potential employers. Many trade associations will hold their own annual conferences, and may have connections to larger trade shows and conventions.\\nBring business cards to trade shows and conferences for easy networking. Focus on being personable and engaged when you meet a potential contact.\\n3. Applying For Positions\\n3-1. Look for positions at large multinational corporations.\\nMany designers look for entry level positions at established corporations like General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, or Honda. The benefit of working for larger corporations is you are able to learn from a team of experienced designers, you can become familiar with a particular brand and theme, and you will likely earn a stable income. In the U.S., salaries can range from $43,000-$57,000.\\n3-2. Consider applying for a position at a start-up company.\\nAs a designer, you may be a good fit at a smaller, start-up alternate fuel company. Though you may receive a lower salary than a position at a large corporation, you will get to work on alternative designs and innovative approaches to alternate fuel cars.\\n3-3. Be prepared to move for work.\\nOften, upon graduation, you will need to be willing to go where you can find work. You may need to move overseas or across the country if a position comes up that would be a good fit.\\nThe average salary in the UK for car designers is around £50,000. UK manufacturers tend to develop niche sports or prestige car markets, instead of the more U.S. based “consumer” vehicles. So this means you may be eligible for a higher salary overseas.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A car designer, or automobile designer, is responsible for creating innovative designs that improve the functionality and appearance of automobiles. Most automobile designers work in teams with other designers or engineers. The designer will make basic sketches of the automobile using computer-aided drafting (CAD), and will then produce more detailed 3-D images. Car designers can make a decent salary and are able to combine technical skills with creativity and innovation.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Necessary Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get hands on experience working with cars.\", \"描述\": \"Before you get your formal education in automotive design, you should start with a genuine interest and passion in cars. If possible, spend time in an automotive shop or work first hand on a car to see how cars are built and how they function on a mechanical level.\\nYou should also develop knowledge of the latest trends in automotive design and be interested in learning more about innovations in automotive design.\\nStrong drawing and sculpting skills are also key to being a successful car designer. Most employers are looking for people who possess creative skills and mechanical knowledge of cars, as they will be well rounded designers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete a bachelor’s degree in an automotive design program.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor’s degree is typically the minimum educational requirements for applying for car designer positions. Technical schools that have close relationships to automobile companies and traditional universities with automotive design programs that are well respected in the industry are both good options. \\nThough a degree in an automotive design or automotive engineering program is ideal, you may also qualify to be a car designer if you have a bachelor's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering.\\nOften, employers will recruit graduates from automotive design programs to work at their companies, or to place them in an internship. So its important that you choose the program carefully. Look for automotive design programs that are affordable, well respected, and offer a variety of necessary courses. You can also take beginner classes in automotive or transportation design during your undergraduate degree and then consider applying for a specialized program or degree in automotive design.\\nMost automotive design programs offer courses that focus on designing cars and other road vehicles, as well as the mechanical functions of automobiles and vehicle dynamics. You will also take classes on math, computer-aided drafting (CAD) and model making to prepare you for the industry.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a master’s degree if you want a higher salary.\", \"描述\": \"Some automotive designers decide to pursue a master’s degree in the likelihood of qualifying for higher pay. You may also consider getting a masters in automotive engineering to expand your knowledge and skill set. However, having a master’s degree is by no means a requirement for applying to automotive designer positions.\\nA master's degree in industrial design or industrial engineering may also be a good option.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for internships at design firms.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than dive head first into the competitive automobile design world, apply for internships at design firms in your last year of schooling. An internship will give you the opportunity to work with experienced professionals and to build your portfolio.\\nKeep in mind most internships are unpaid. However, many internships can lead to employment at the company you are interning with, or a leg up on the competition if you apply for a position and the company is familiar with your work.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Your Portfolio and Contacts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do mock drawings for different companies.\", \"描述\": \"Your portfolio should showcase your creativity and innovation. But it should also demonstrate an awareness of current design types and styles used by major automotive companies. Professional automotive designers are expected to engineer designs that will fit within an existing “corporate look” or design portfolio of a company. Choose several big names in cars, such as Ford, Toyota, or Volkswagen, and create sketches based on the existing designs of their cars.\\nFor example, Ford uses a theme called Kinetic Design. The design centers on the idea of a motionless object appearing as though it is moving. This theme influences the design of every Ford car, from sportier models like the Focus ST to family focused models like the 4x4. As a designer, you need to be able to work within this theme, while still demonstrating your creativity and innovation.\\nYour portfolio should also showcase your abilities with computer-aided modelling and clay modelling to give employers a sense of your skill set.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make connections during your internship.\", \"描述\": \"Focus on making an impression during your internship by asking for advice and guidance from mentors and other professionals. Build professional relationships with your peers and make a good impression on the superiors in the company by completing your tasks and demonstrating your skills during your internship.\\nAt the end of your internship, exchange business cards with any mentors or peers you feel you have connected with on a professional level. Have a discussion with your superior about possible job opportunities in the future and how you can further develop you skill set to make you a top candidate for employment at the company.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a professional automotive design organization.\", \"描述\": \"Many car designers who are just starting out will join a professional organization to get a better handle on the industry. These organizations can help you meet other car designers in the field, discuss current innovations in car design, and network with more experienced designers.\\nAsk your peers in your automotive program if they are part of any professional trade associations or look up professional automotive design organizations online. Start by contacting two major trade organizations in the field: The Industrial Designers Society of America and the Automotive Design Organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Network at automotive design trade shows and conferences.\", \"描述\": \"These are great opportunities to meet key designers in the industry, check out the latest design innovations, and network with potential employers. Many trade associations will hold their own annual conferences, and may have connections to larger trade shows and conventions.\\nBring business cards to trade shows and conferences for easy networking. Focus on being personable and engaged when you meet a potential contact.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying For Positions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for positions at large multinational corporations.\", \"描述\": \"Many designers look for entry level positions at established corporations like General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, or Honda. The benefit of working for larger corporations is you are able to learn from a team of experienced designers, you can become familiar with a particular brand and theme, and you will likely earn a stable income. In the U.S., salaries can range from $43,000-$57,000.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider applying for a position at a start-up company.\", \"描述\": \"As a designer, you may be a good fit at a smaller, start-up alternate fuel company. Though you may receive a lower salary than a position at a large corporation, you will get to work on alternative designs and innovative approaches to alternate fuel cars.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to move for work.\", \"描述\": \"Often, upon graduation, you will need to be willing to go where you can find work. You may need to move overseas or across the country if a position comes up that would be a good fit.\\nThe average salary in the UK for car designers is around £50,000. UK manufacturers tend to develop niche sports or prestige car markets, instead of the more U.S. based “consumer” vehicles. So this means you may be eligible for a higher salary overseas.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,239 |
How to Become a Cardinal
|
1. At the Beginning
1-1. Determine if you are eligible.
To begin the process of becoming a cardinal in the Catholic Church, you need to meet a few basic requirements. You must be Catholic, male, and unmarried.
Along with being unmarried, you must take a lifelong vow of celibacy.
As long as the other qualifications are there, you can be a widower and still become a member of the clergy. You will still need to take a vow of celibacy for the future, however.
You cannot be divorced if you want to become a member of the clergy, but you might be eligible if you obtain an annulment.
1-2. Be active in your parish and Catholic community.
Catholic clergy are expected to be actively involved in the lives of those Catholics whom they serve. Being active in your parish and the broader Catholic community before you even start the process will give you a taste for what it can be like and may look better to the people in charge.
1-3. Discern a calling to religious life.
It should go without saying, but becoming a cardinal—or a bishop, or a priest—requires you to have a full-time spiritual commitment. A vocation is a calling, so before you embark further in the process, you should make sure that God is calling you to religious life.
As part of your discernment process, ask for guidance from your priest. Your parish priest and other leaders in your Catholic community can provide you with additional information, as well as guidance. These people can also pray for and with you, helping you in your personal discernment.
2. Become a Priest
2-1. Earn a Bachelor's Degree.
You will need to obtain a four-year undergraduate degree from an accredited institution. Technically, your degree can be in any subject, but a degree in Catholic Philosophy is preferable.
Your grades upon graduation do not need to be top-of-the-class, but you should be an average or above average student.
2-2. Enroll in a pre-theology program.
You need to take a two-year Pre-Theology Program consisting of 30 credit hours of philosophy courses and 12 credit hours of theology courses.
Note that you might be able to satisfy the requirements in part or in full during your undergraduate education if you take courses from a Catholic university that match the courses required in a Pre-Theology Program.
2-3. Get a Master of Divinity degree at seminary.
Attend a Catholic Seminary and obtain a four-year graduate-level degree.
In order to get into a seminary school, you might need letters of recommendation from current leaders within the church.
Academically, a seminary will prepare you by offering courses in Biblical studies, Catholic philosophy and theology, liturgy, pastoral studies, church history, and preaching.
Additionally, a seminary should help you discern once and for all if you are called to a religious vocation. This means preparing you academically as well as spiritually.
Entering into seminary is not a permanent decision. You are not committed to the life and work of a priest until you take your final vows.
2-4. Spend time as a deacon.
Usually, you will need to spend six months as a deacon before you can be ordained a priest. As a deacon, you will be expected to actively take part in the running of a parish to which you will be assigned.
In essence, the time you spend as a deacon is like a trial period for priesthood. You will be assigned many duties by the priest of your assigned parish, and these duties often include many that you will have to take care of as a priest when the time comes.
The priest of your assigned parish can voice his opinion on whether or not he believes you to be fit for the priesthood.
2-5. Become ordained.
With all of your educational requirements completed, the final stage in the path to priesthood is gaining the bishop's approval. If the bishop of your diocese determines that you have what it takes to be a good priest, you will be ordained.
Once the bishop of your diocese approves you, there will be an official Ordination Ceremony during which you will take your vows and officially become a priest.
After taking Holy Orders, the bishop of your diocese will assign you a position. Usually, you will be appointed as a priest or assistant priest to a parish within the diocese, but sometimes, you might be appointed as a chaplain to a Catholic hospital or another similar post. You might be able to make requests, but your requests may or may not influence your final position.
3. Become a Bishop
3-1. Get a Doctorate in Theology.
While not an official requirement, obtaining a Ph.D. in Theology will improve your chances of being selected to become a bishop.
To improve your odds even further, go through the program at a Catholic university, since a Catholic school will teach you theology from the perspective of the Catholic church.
3-2. Gain enough experience.
Experience is not an official requirement, either, but it is another important “unofficial” prerequisite quality you should have if you want to be chosen. You need both life and vocational experience to make the cut, and should be 35 years of age or older and a priest for five years or more.
During this time, it also helps if you gain a bit of a name for yourself. The more active and dedicated you are as a priest, the more likely your efforts will be noticed by the right people.
3-3. Wait for a local bishop to retire or pass away.
The number of bishops is determined by the number of dioceses. The only way to become a bishop is to wait for the bishop of your diocese, or a bishop from a nearby diocese, to retire or pass away, thereby creating an open position.
Retirement is mandatory for bishops at the age of 75.
3-4. Wait for the news.
Unfortunately, you cannot apply or “run” to become a bishop. The initial selection of candidates is made by local bishops from neighboring dioceses, and this initial selection must go through various channels before the new bishop is chosen. If you are chosen, however, you will probably hear the news within a few months after the position opened up.
Local bishops select priests from the area and form a list of potential candidates who they believe to be capable of performing the duties of a bishop. These candidates are put on an undisclosed list and sent to the Apostalic Nuncio.
The Apostolic Nuncio is the ambassador to Rome for your country. He reviews the names on the list sent by the bishops, and after performing a series of interviews and research, chooses three candidates from that list. He then passes the three names to the Congress of Bishops in Rome.
The Congress of Bishops in Rome will look at the three candidates and determine who, if any, should be selected as the new bishop. If they do not like anyone, the Apostalic Nuncio will need to select another three candidates. If they do like someone, the name is passed to the Pope.
The Pope looks at the final candidate. If he approves, that candidate becomes the new bishop. If he vetoes it, the Apostalic Nuncio needs to pick out new candidates.
4. Become a Cardinal
4-1. Understand the role of a cardinal.
A cardinal is not the boss of other bishops, as the hierarchy of the Catholic Church might suggest. A cardinal is actually still a bishop himself, and “cardinal” is actually just an additional title he receives.
Note that, according to Church law, new cardinals should be ordained bishops before being considered for appointment as cardinals. In some rare instances, however, elderly priests who have gained great esteem and have performed admirably for the Church can be appointed as cardinals without first being appointed as bishops.
4-2. Note the different categories of cardinals.
Among the cardinals, there are three separate ranks: cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons. No rank is "higher" than the others, per se, but each rank does have its own responsibilities.
Cardinal bishops are bishops within Rome who are involved in full-time service to the central administration of Church affairs within the Roman Curia, or governing body of the Church.
Cardinal priests are bishops with dioceses outside of Rome.
Cardinal deacons are bishops in title whose primary duties involve full-time service to the Roman Curia.
4-3. Improve your odds by becoming archbishop of the right diocese.
Technically, you can be appointed as a cardinal as long as you are the bishop of just about any diocese, but the bishops or archbishops of certain dioceses are historically more likely to be selected than many others.
Once you reach this stage of preparation, take a look at the bishops who have been made cardinals over the past few decades to determine where your best odds lie. Traditionally, within the United States, Baltimore and Boston are the two dioceses most commonly headed by a cardinal.
Note that an archbishop is a bishop who governs over his own diocese while also leading the bishops of other smaller dioceses within a wider, metropolitan district.
4-4. Get appointed by the Pope.
As with becoming a bishop, there is no way to run or apply for a job as a cardinal. Instead, you need to hope that the current Pope sees your efforts, recognizes them as spiritually significant, and determines that you should be a cardinal by God's will.
In addition to the suggestions already mentioned, it helps to be a notably pious bishop. Regardless of the diocese you serve, as a bishop, you must demonstrate your dedication to God's will and desire to lead the Catholic faithful of the flock you've been given charge of in order to be noticed and considered.
4-5. Take the Cardinals' Oath.
Once you are selected to become a cardinal, you will be given the right garb during an official ceremony, during which you will also need to take a vow to express your dedication in your new position.
During the ceremony, you will receive a scarlet zucchetto (skullcap) and scarlet biretta (four-cornered silk hat), as well as a ring signifying your new title.
One rough translation of the Cardinals' Oath is as follows:
"I [name and surname], Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, promise and swear to be faithful henceforth and forever, while I live, to Christ and his Gospel, being constantly obedient to the Holy Roman Apostolic Church, to Blessed Peter in the person of the Supreme Pontiff Francis, and of his canonically elected Successors; to maintain communion with the Catholic Church always, in word and deed; not to reveal to any one what is confided to me in secret, nor to divulge what may bring harm or dishonor to Holy Church; to carry out with great diligence and faithfulness those tasks to which I am called by my service to the Church, in accord with the norms of the law. So help me Almighty God."
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:31",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. At the Beginning\\n1-1. Determine if you are eligible.\\nTo begin the process of becoming a cardinal in the Catholic Church, you need to meet a few basic requirements. You must be Catholic, male, and unmarried.\\nAlong with being unmarried, you must take a lifelong vow of celibacy.\\nAs long as the other qualifications are there, you can be a widower and still become a member of the clergy. You will still need to take a vow of celibacy for the future, however.\\nYou cannot be divorced if you want to become a member of the clergy, but you might be eligible if you obtain an annulment.\\n1-2. Be active in your parish and Catholic community.\\nCatholic clergy are expected to be actively involved in the lives of those Catholics whom they serve. Being active in your parish and the broader Catholic community before you even start the process will give you a taste for what it can be like and may look better to the people in charge.\\n1-3. Discern a calling to religious life.\\nIt should go without saying, but becoming a cardinal—or a bishop, or a priest—requires you to have a full-time spiritual commitment. A vocation is a calling, so before you embark further in the process, you should make sure that God is calling you to religious life.\\nAs part of your discernment process, ask for guidance from your priest. Your parish priest and other leaders in your Catholic community can provide you with additional information, as well as guidance. These people can also pray for and with you, helping you in your personal discernment.\\n2. Become a Priest\\n2-1. Earn a Bachelor's Degree.\\nYou will need to obtain a four-year undergraduate degree from an accredited institution. Technically, your degree can be in any subject, but a degree in Catholic Philosophy is preferable.\\nYour grades upon graduation do not need to be top-of-the-class, but you should be an average or above average student.\\n2-2. Enroll in a pre-theology program.\\nYou need to take a two-year Pre-Theology Program consisting of 30 credit hours of philosophy courses and 12 credit hours of theology courses.\\nNote that you might be able to satisfy the requirements in part or in full during your undergraduate education if you take courses from a Catholic university that match the courses required in a Pre-Theology Program.\\n2-3. Get a Master of Divinity degree at seminary.\\nAttend a Catholic Seminary and obtain a four-year graduate-level degree.\\nIn order to get into a seminary school, you might need letters of recommendation from current leaders within the church.\\nAcademically, a seminary will prepare you by offering courses in Biblical studies, Catholic philosophy and theology, liturgy, pastoral studies, church history, and preaching.\\nAdditionally, a seminary should help you discern once and for all if you are called to a religious vocation. This means preparing you academically as well as spiritually.\\nEntering into seminary is not a permanent decision. You are not committed to the life and work of a priest until you take your final vows.\\n2-4. Spend time as a deacon.\\nUsually, you will need to spend six months as a deacon before you can be ordained a priest. As a deacon, you will be expected to actively take part in the running of a parish to which you will be assigned.\\nIn essence, the time you spend as a deacon is like a trial period for priesthood. You will be assigned many duties by the priest of your assigned parish, and these duties often include many that you will have to take care of as a priest when the time comes.\\nThe priest of your assigned parish can voice his opinion on whether or not he believes you to be fit for the priesthood.\\n2-5. Become ordained.\\nWith all of your educational requirements completed, the final stage in the path to priesthood is gaining the bishop's approval. If the bishop of your diocese determines that you have what it takes to be a good priest, you will be ordained.\\nOnce the bishop of your diocese approves you, there will be an official Ordination Ceremony during which you will take your vows and officially become a priest.\\nAfter taking Holy Orders, the bishop of your diocese will assign you a position. Usually, you will be appointed as a priest or assistant priest to a parish within the diocese, but sometimes, you might be appointed as a chaplain to a Catholic hospital or another similar post. You might be able to make requests, but your requests may or may not influence your final position.\\n3. Become a Bishop\\n3-1. Get a Doctorate in Theology.\\nWhile not an official requirement, obtaining a Ph.D. in Theology will improve your chances of being selected to become a bishop.\\nTo improve your odds even further, go through the program at a Catholic university, since a Catholic school will teach you theology from the perspective of the Catholic church.\\n3-2. Gain enough experience.\\nExperience is not an official requirement, either, but it is another important “unofficial” prerequisite quality you should have if you want to be chosen. You need both life and vocational experience to make the cut, and should be 35 years of age or older and a priest for five years or more.\\nDuring this time, it also helps if you gain a bit of a name for yourself. The more active and dedicated you are as a priest, the more likely your efforts will be noticed by the right people.\\n3-3. Wait for a local bishop to retire or pass away.\\nThe number of bishops is determined by the number of dioceses. The only way to become a bishop is to wait for the bishop of your diocese, or a bishop from a nearby diocese, to retire or pass away, thereby creating an open position.\\nRetirement is mandatory for bishops at the age of 75.\\n3-4. Wait for the news.\\nUnfortunately, you cannot apply or “run” to become a bishop. The initial selection of candidates is made by local bishops from neighboring dioceses, and this initial selection must go through various channels before the new bishop is chosen. If you are chosen, however, you will probably hear the news within a few months after the position opened up.\\nLocal bishops select priests from the area and form a list of potential candidates who they believe to be capable of performing the duties of a bishop. These candidates are put on an undisclosed list and sent to the Apostalic Nuncio.\\nThe Apostolic Nuncio is the ambassador to Rome for your country. He reviews the names on the list sent by the bishops, and after performing a series of interviews and research, chooses three candidates from that list. He then passes the three names to the Congress of Bishops in Rome.\\nThe Congress of Bishops in Rome will look at the three candidates and determine who, if any, should be selected as the new bishop. If they do not like anyone, the Apostalic Nuncio will need to select another three candidates. If they do like someone, the name is passed to the Pope.\\nThe Pope looks at the final candidate. If he approves, that candidate becomes the new bishop. If he vetoes it, the Apostalic Nuncio needs to pick out new candidates.\\n4. Become a Cardinal\\n4-1. Understand the role of a cardinal.\\nA cardinal is not the boss of other bishops, as the hierarchy of the Catholic Church might suggest. A cardinal is actually still a bishop himself, and “cardinal” is actually just an additional title he receives.\\nNote that, according to Church law, new cardinals should be ordained bishops before being considered for appointment as cardinals. In some rare instances, however, elderly priests who have gained great esteem and have performed admirably for the Church can be appointed as cardinals without first being appointed as bishops.\\n4-2. Note the different categories of cardinals.\\nAmong the cardinals, there are three separate ranks: cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons. No rank is \\\"higher\\\" than the others, per se, but each rank does have its own responsibilities.\\nCardinal bishops are bishops within Rome who are involved in full-time service to the central administration of Church affairs within the Roman Curia, or governing body of the Church.\\nCardinal priests are bishops with dioceses outside of Rome.\\nCardinal deacons are bishops in title whose primary duties involve full-time service to the Roman Curia.\\n4-3. Improve your odds by becoming archbishop of the right diocese.\\nTechnically, you can be appointed as a cardinal as long as you are the bishop of just about any diocese, but the bishops or archbishops of certain dioceses are historically more likely to be selected than many others.\\nOnce you reach this stage of preparation, take a look at the bishops who have been made cardinals over the past few decades to determine where your best odds lie. Traditionally, within the United States, Baltimore and Boston are the two dioceses most commonly headed by a cardinal.\\nNote that an archbishop is a bishop who governs over his own diocese while also leading the bishops of other smaller dioceses within a wider, metropolitan district.\\n4-4. Get appointed by the Pope.\\nAs with becoming a bishop, there is no way to run or apply for a job as a cardinal. Instead, you need to hope that the current Pope sees your efforts, recognizes them as spiritually significant, and determines that you should be a cardinal by God's will.\\nIn addition to the suggestions already mentioned, it helps to be a notably pious bishop. Regardless of the diocese you serve, as a bishop, you must demonstrate your dedication to God's will and desire to lead the Catholic faithful of the flock you've been given charge of in order to be noticed and considered.\\n4-5. Take the Cardinals' Oath.\\nOnce you are selected to become a cardinal, you will be given the right garb during an official ceremony, during which you will also need to take a vow to express your dedication in your new position.\\nDuring the ceremony, you will receive a scarlet zucchetto (skullcap) and scarlet biretta (four-cornered silk hat), as well as a ring signifying your new title.\\nOne rough translation of the Cardinals' Oath is as follows:\\n\\\"I [name and surname], Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, promise and swear to be faithful henceforth and forever, while I live, to Christ and his Gospel, being constantly obedient to the Holy Roman Apostolic Church, to Blessed Peter in the person of the Supreme Pontiff Francis, and of his canonically elected Successors; to maintain communion with the Catholic Church always, in word and deed; not to reveal to any one what is confided to me in secret, nor to divulge what may bring harm or dishonor to Holy Church; to carry out with great diligence and faithfulness those tasks to which I am called by my service to the Church, in accord with the norms of the law. So help me Almighty God.\\\"\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The road to becoming a cardinal in the Roman Catholic church is not short, nor is it easy, and you have very little control over the matter past a certain point. If you feel spiritually and religiously called to this path, however, here's what you should know.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"At the Beginning\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if you are eligible.\", \"描述\": \"To begin the process of becoming a cardinal in the Catholic Church, you need to meet a few basic requirements. You must be Catholic, male, and unmarried.\\nAlong with being unmarried, you must take a lifelong vow of celibacy.\\nAs long as the other qualifications are there, you can be a widower and still become a member of the clergy. You will still need to take a vow of celibacy for the future, however.\\nYou cannot be divorced if you want to become a member of the clergy, but you might be eligible if you obtain an annulment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be active in your parish and Catholic community.\", \"描述\": \"Catholic clergy are expected to be actively involved in the lives of those Catholics whom they serve. Being active in your parish and the broader Catholic community before you even start the process will give you a taste for what it can be like and may look better to the people in charge.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Discern a calling to religious life.\", \"描述\": \"It should go without saying, but becoming a cardinal—or a bishop, or a priest—requires you to have a full-time spiritual commitment. A vocation is a calling, so before you embark further in the process, you should make sure that God is calling you to religious life.\\nAs part of your discernment process, ask for guidance from your priest. Your parish priest and other leaders in your Catholic community can provide you with additional information, as well as guidance. These people can also pray for and with you, helping you in your personal discernment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a Priest\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a Bachelor's Degree.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to obtain a four-year undergraduate degree from an accredited institution. Technically, your degree can be in any subject, but a degree in Catholic Philosophy is preferable.\\nYour grades upon graduation do not need to be top-of-the-class, but you should be an average or above average student.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a pre-theology program.\", \"描述\": \"You need to take a two-year Pre-Theology Program consisting of 30 credit hours of philosophy courses and 12 credit hours of theology courses.\\nNote that you might be able to satisfy the requirements in part or in full during your undergraduate education if you take courses from a Catholic university that match the courses required in a Pre-Theology Program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a Master of Divinity degree at seminary.\", \"描述\": \"Attend a Catholic Seminary and obtain a four-year graduate-level degree.\\nIn order to get into a seminary school, you might need letters of recommendation from current leaders within the church.\\nAcademically, a seminary will prepare you by offering courses in Biblical studies, Catholic philosophy and theology, liturgy, pastoral studies, church history, and preaching.\\nAdditionally, a seminary should help you discern once and for all if you are called to a religious vocation. This means preparing you academically as well as spiritually.\\nEntering into seminary is not a permanent decision. You are not committed to the life and work of a priest until you take your final vows.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spend time as a deacon.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, you will need to spend six months as a deacon before you can be ordained a priest. As a deacon, you will be expected to actively take part in the running of a parish to which you will be assigned.\\nIn essence, the time you spend as a deacon is like a trial period for priesthood. You will be assigned many duties by the priest of your assigned parish, and these duties often include many that you will have to take care of as a priest when the time comes.\\nThe priest of your assigned parish can voice his opinion on whether or not he believes you to be fit for the priesthood.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become ordained.\", \"描述\": \"With all of your educational requirements completed, the final stage in the path to priesthood is gaining the bishop's approval. If the bishop of your diocese determines that you have what it takes to be a good priest, you will be ordained.\\nOnce the bishop of your diocese approves you, there will be an official Ordination Ceremony during which you will take your vows and officially become a priest.\\nAfter taking Holy Orders, the bishop of your diocese will assign you a position. Usually, you will be appointed as a priest or assistant priest to a parish within the diocese, but sometimes, you might be appointed as a chaplain to a Catholic hospital or another similar post. You might be able to make requests, but your requests may or may not influence your final position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a Bishop\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a Doctorate in Theology.\", \"描述\": \"While not an official requirement, obtaining a Ph.D. in Theology will improve your chances of being selected to become a bishop.\\nTo improve your odds even further, go through the program at a Catholic university, since a Catholic school will teach you theology from the perspective of the Catholic church.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain enough experience.\", \"描述\": \"Experience is not an official requirement, either, but it is another important “unofficial” prerequisite quality you should have if you want to be chosen. You need both life and vocational experience to make the cut, and should be 35 years of age or older and a priest for five years or more.\\nDuring this time, it also helps if you gain a bit of a name for yourself. The more active and dedicated you are as a priest, the more likely your efforts will be noticed by the right people.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait for a local bishop to retire or pass away.\", \"描述\": \"The number of bishops is determined by the number of dioceses. The only way to become a bishop is to wait for the bishop of your diocese, or a bishop from a nearby diocese, to retire or pass away, thereby creating an open position.\\nRetirement is mandatory for bishops at the age of 75.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait for the news.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, you cannot apply or “run” to become a bishop. The initial selection of candidates is made by local bishops from neighboring dioceses, and this initial selection must go through various channels before the new bishop is chosen. If you are chosen, however, you will probably hear the news within a few months after the position opened up.\\nLocal bishops select priests from the area and form a list of potential candidates who they believe to be capable of performing the duties of a bishop. These candidates are put on an undisclosed list and sent to the Apostalic Nuncio.\\nThe Apostolic Nuncio is the ambassador to Rome for your country. He reviews the names on the list sent by the bishops, and after performing a series of interviews and research, chooses three candidates from that list. He then passes the three names to the Congress of Bishops in Rome.\\nThe Congress of Bishops in Rome will look at the three candidates and determine who, if any, should be selected as the new bishop. If they do not like anyone, the Apostalic Nuncio will need to select another three candidates. If they do like someone, the name is passed to the Pope.\\nThe Pope looks at the final candidate. If he approves, that candidate becomes the new bishop. If he vetoes it, the Apostalic Nuncio needs to pick out new candidates.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become a Cardinal\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the role of a cardinal.\", \"描述\": \"A cardinal is not the boss of other bishops, as the hierarchy of the Catholic Church might suggest. A cardinal is actually still a bishop himself, and “cardinal” is actually just an additional title he receives.\\nNote that, according to Church law, new cardinals should be ordained bishops before being considered for appointment as cardinals. In some rare instances, however, elderly priests who have gained great esteem and have performed admirably for the Church can be appointed as cardinals without first being appointed as bishops.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Note the different categories of cardinals.\", \"描述\": \"Among the cardinals, there are three separate ranks: cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons. No rank is \\\"higher\\\" than the others, per se, but each rank does have its own responsibilities.\\nCardinal bishops are bishops within Rome who are involved in full-time service to the central administration of Church affairs within the Roman Curia, or governing body of the Church.\\nCardinal priests are bishops with dioceses outside of Rome.\\nCardinal deacons are bishops in title whose primary duties involve full-time service to the Roman Curia.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improve your odds by becoming archbishop of the right diocese.\", \"描述\": \"Technically, you can be appointed as a cardinal as long as you are the bishop of just about any diocese, but the bishops or archbishops of certain dioceses are historically more likely to be selected than many others.\\nOnce you reach this stage of preparation, take a look at the bishops who have been made cardinals over the past few decades to determine where your best odds lie. Traditionally, within the United States, Baltimore and Boston are the two dioceses most commonly headed by a cardinal.\\nNote that an archbishop is a bishop who governs over his own diocese while also leading the bishops of other smaller dioceses within a wider, metropolitan district.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get appointed by the Pope.\", \"描述\": \"As with becoming a bishop, there is no way to run or apply for a job as a cardinal. Instead, you need to hope that the current Pope sees your efforts, recognizes them as spiritually significant, and determines that you should be a cardinal by God's will.\\nIn addition to the suggestions already mentioned, it helps to be a notably pious bishop. Regardless of the diocese you serve, as a bishop, you must demonstrate your dedication to God's will and desire to lead the Catholic faithful of the flock you've been given charge of in order to be noticed and considered.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the Cardinals' Oath.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are selected to become a cardinal, you will be given the right garb during an official ceremony, during which you will also need to take a vow to express your dedication in your new position.\\nDuring the ceremony, you will receive a scarlet zucchetto (skullcap) and scarlet biretta (four-cornered silk hat), as well as a ring signifying your new title.\\nOne rough translation of the Cardinals' Oath is as follows:\\n\\\"I [name and surname], Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, promise and swear to be faithful henceforth and forever, while I live, to Christ and his Gospel, being constantly obedient to the Holy Roman Apostolic Church, to Blessed Peter in the person of the Supreme Pontiff Francis, and of his canonically elected Successors; to maintain communion with the Catholic Church always, in word and deed; not to reveal to any one what is confided to me in secret, nor to divulge what may bring harm or dishonor to Holy Church; to carry out with great diligence and faithfulness those tasks to which I am called by my service to the Church, in accord with the norms of the law. So help me Almighty God.\\\"\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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5,240 |
How to Become a Cardiologist
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1. Getting into Medical School
1-1. Look into potential medical schools.
You may already know exactly where you want to go to medical school, but if you don’t, you should start looking at the possibilities as soon as possible. This will be very similar to your experience searching for an undergraduate program. Don’t just pick the top medical school in the country for that reason. Instead, search for a school that will be a good fit for your long-term goals, financial limitations, and personality.
There are many factors to consider. For example, some medical schools focus mostly on research while others focus on patient care. Some focus on a specific specialty and many don’t. Medical schools even vary on levels of competitiveness. For example, Johns Hopkins is famous for being cutthroat, but other universities might offer a more collaborative atmosphere.
Don’t forget to consider things like location, weather, and student life. Though these may not be the top things to consider, they are still important. For example, if you cannot stand long, cold winters, a school in the Northeastern United States may not be the optimal experience for you.
1-2. Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).
The MCAT is a written, multiple-choice examination. It looks at your ability to think critically and problem-solve, and tests your knowledge of the natural, behavioral, and social sciences. The exam usually takes about eight hours to complete. Most undergraduate students take this exam during their sophomore or junior year of college.
There is a nearly limitless amount of study material available for the MCAT. See what materials and courses are available through your university, or visit the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) website to view and purchase study materials: https://www.aamc.org/.
1-3. Apply to Medical School
Once you’ve made a list of all of the medical schools you believe to be a good fit, you’ll need to start the application process. If you are applying to a lot of medical schools it is important to stay organized. Take note of applications deadlines and any applications fees that must be paid.
You could consider creating a folder for each medical school you want to apply to. On the front of each folder, write down the name of the school, the date the application is due, and a checklist of each document that is to be submitted as part of the application, as well as the address or website where you must submit the application.
You will need letters of recommendation as part of each application. Don’t put off asking for these. Be sure to take note of whether the medical school has a template for the recommendation letters and how they are to be submitted. Make this clear to the people you will be asking.
Many medical schools use American Medical School Application Service (AMCAS) and others use the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS). This is nice because these application services do some of the work for you, but they do require a $160 fee that includes one medical school. Each additional medical school you wish to apply for costs $38.
2. Being Successful in Medical School
2-1. Maintain a good relationship with professors.
Your professors will play an important role in your medical school experience, and will also be important for landing a position in a good residency program. This is because they are often the ones responsible for writing letters of recommendation. Put your best foot forward in medical school so that your letters of recommendation will be favorable.
These professors will also act as mentors, and the relationship you have with them largely depends on how you use that relationship. If you don’t take an interest in building a professional relationship with your professors, then they won’t either.
You will be continually challenged in medical school. This is because professors want to see who is cut out to become a doctor and who isn’t. You will need to study the information you are learning very hard so that you can put that knowledge to use without supervision.
2-2. Prepare for the first step of your licensure examinations.
During your first two years of medical school, you will be required to take the first of three steps towards becoming licensed. There are two different types of licensure examinations offered in the United States: the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX). The USMLE is required for licensure for medical students attending medical schools that confer a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree but may also be taken by medical students attending medical schools that offer a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. The COMLEX is required for licensure of DO medical students. Both examinations are taken in three stages (known as levels or steps). The first stage of each series of exams is very rigorous and includes 8-9 hours of testing on about 300 questions. This test examines your basic understanding of science and how it is applied to practicing medicine.
It is important that you study extensively for this examination. Be sure to take full advantage of any study materials available to you. You can find practice materials for each step of the examination process on the USMLE and COMLEX websites: http://www.usmle.org/.
You must pass these exams in order to move on in medical school and eventually to receive a license to practice medicine.
2-3. Look for rotations in cardiology.
In your third and fourth year of medical school, you will likely move your education to the hospital. In the third year, you probably won’t get much say in the rotations as all medical students are required to spend time working in each of the fundamental specialties; however, in your final year, you may get to speak up about what you’re interested in. This is when you should try to focus on cardiology as much as possible.
Don’t forget that you will be required to write an essay for your residency application. During your rotations, try to keep a journal of your experiences and interactions with patients. You can then use this journal to write a great essay about why you would make a good resident in their program.
2-4. Prepare for the second step of your licensure examinations.
In your final year of medical school, you will complete the second of the three steps for licensure. The second step of the USMLE and COMLEX examinations are separated into two parts. The first of which tests your clinical skills (Step 2 CK for USMLE and Level 2 CE for COMLEX) through a written examination. The second part (Step 2 CS for USMLE and Level 2 PE for COMLEX) is an exam that looks at your ability to work with patients.
Step two of the examination is administered over a two-day period.
As with step one, you will need to prepare yourself for this examination extensively. Visit the USMLE and COMLEX websites for practice materials.
2-5. Get involved in all your school has to offer.
Medical school is a very challenging time in the life of a student, and you may think that you should spend all of your time studying; however, getting involved in extracurricular activities and continuing to volunteer in the limited spare time you have will continue to build your CV, and will also provide a network of mentors, friends, and peers that can provide academic and emotional support during this time.
Don’t underestimate the importance of social support during medical school. Your friends, family, mentors, and peers will be vital for this. This also means that you should do your best to find the time to be something other than a medical student. For example, don’t feel bad going out to have coffee with friends sometimes.
2-6. Complete an internal medicine residency.
In order to become a cardiologist, you’ll need to complete a three-year residency in internal medicine. Interviews for residency positions usually occur during December to February of your final year of medical school. The day when residency positions are announced is commonly known as “Match Day” and occurs in March of your final year of medical school.
You will need to apply to residency programs around the country/world, much like you did for your undergraduate and medical programs.
2-7. Take the last step of USMLE and/or COMLEX.
The final test for licensure is usually taken at some point during the residency. The final step is a two-day exam. The first day involves a written, multiple-choice exam consisting of ~250-300 questions that test your knowledge of basic medicine. The second day involves observing your assessment skills.
The first day of examination usually takes about seven hours.
The second day of examination usually takes around nine hours.
COMLEX Level 3 is taken in a single day
2-8. Complete a cardiology fellowship.
Like the residency, the fellowship is typically also three years. During this time, you’ll likely split your work between seeing patients and learning from experienced cardiologists, and doing research.
Once you have completed your cardiology fellowship, you will be able to become certified by the American Board of Medical Specialities (ABMS) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) as a cardiologist.
2-9. Choose a specialty.
During your cardiology fellowship, you’ll have the chance to choose your specialty. There are several specialties that you can choose from, including: non-invasive cardiology, invasive, non-interventional cardiology, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology.
Be sure to understand that a cardiologist is not a surgical field. If you want to become a cardiac surgeon you will need to pursue a surgical specialty instead of a cardiac specialty.
Pediatric cardiology is also a tract separate from cardiology, requiring three years pediatrics residency and three years pediatric cardiology fellowship. If you wish to be a pediatric cardiologist, you must pursue a pediatric specialty.
3. Understanding Job Opportunities
3-1. Be aware of the types of employment available for a cardiologist.
A cardiologist has a wide variety of choices when it comes to employment settings. For example, you could be employed by a government agency, a hospital, or a research lab. You could also be employed by a private practice, or you could even open up your own if you wanted to.
Opening up your own medical practice is a big commitment, and may be especially challenging if you don’t have a lot of experience working as a cardiologist. Many cardiologists work in a hospital or a practice owned by another doctor to gain some experience before venturing out on their own.
3-2. Know the average salaries.
Cardiologists are typically very well-paid, but it is important to understand that the amount you are paid for your work depends on a range of factors. If you work in a big city, you will probably get paid significantly more than if you live in a small town in the middle of nowhere. Keep in mind, though, that this is also due to cost-of-living factors. It will probably be tremendously expensive to buy a nice home in the middle of a big city (or even in the suburbs), but you will probably be able to afford your dream home in a smaller town on your salary.
There may also be significantly more competition in a cosmopolitan city that everyone wants to live in. It’s all about comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different job opportunities.
The median salary in 2014 for the lowest paying cardiology specialty was over $245,000 and the median salaries only increased from there.
3-3. Understand the day-to-day duties of a cardiologist.
Because of the prominence of heart disease in developed countries, a job in cardiology can be a busy one. On a day-to-day basis you can expect to: diagnosing heart problems, prescribing medication, conducting medical procedures related to the heart, and giving health advice to patients.
Day-to-day duties can vary widely depending on the type of job you hold. For example, if you take a job that focuses on research you might not see patients at all.
3-4. Consider becoming a member of the American Heart Association (AHA).
Becoming a member of this association is a good idea because it helps you network with other professionals in the field, gives you access to continuing education, and will help you stay informed about new developments in the field of cardiology.
You can even join the AHA while you are still a student. Memberships range in price from $78.00 up to $455.00 per year depending on the level of membership and the benefits included.
3-5. Look into joining the American College of Cardiology (ACC).
The ACC is another respected organization that you might want to consider becoming a part of. As a member, you will be connected with thousands of other professionals in the field, and you will be given access to relevant medical journals, which can be very valuable.
The initial cost to join the ACC is a little over $900, but the cost to maintain your membership is only around $150 per year.
Note that to become a member of the ACC you will need to prove your qualifications and provide letters of recommendation.
4. Getting Started Early
4-1. Take classes in the sciences during high school.
In high school, you may not have much choice in what classes you take, but where you do have a choice, try to aim high. If your class offers AP or Honors courses, take them, especially if they are in science courses such as biology and chemistry.
If your high school doesn’t offer advanced science courses, look for any advanced courses they may have. For example, courses in literature, history, or economics. AP/Honors courses may help you earn college credit, which looks great to prospective universities.
Take as many courses in math and sciences as you can. You want to have a strong foundation in these subjects before entering university, if possible.
4-2. Earn good grades
You may think your grades aren’t that big of a deal in high school, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. If you want to become a cardiologist, you will need to think about long-term consequences of your decisions, which starts with earning good grades in high school. Developing discipline when it comes to studying and doing well in academics will help prepare you for what is to come in your undergraduate classes and medical school
If you are struggling in a course, take steps to find a tutor, or go to the teacher after class to ask questions and get help. Most teachers will be happy to spend extra time helping you if they can see that you are taking the work seriously.
4-3. Look into universities that interest you.
It is never too early to start thinking about where you would like to complete your education after high school. You’re going to need to complete an undergraduate degree and go to medical school. Start thinking about your long-term plans. If there is a particular medical school you’ve always dreamed of going to, look into their undergraduate programs. Make a list of things that are important to you in a university, and go from there.
If you’re not sure where you’d like to go to university, then you can take a more practical approach. Think about how far you’re willing to travel for your education. In the United States, it is more affordable for most students to stay in the same state that they hold residency.
Most of the Ivy League schools have great pre-medical programs, but these universities are extremely competitive (not to mention extremely expensive). You can certainly apply to these programs but consider other universities as well.
While a huge university might have more resources and prestige, consider the fact that professors won’t be as accessible. You may spend four years with a professor without ever getting a chance to speak with them one-on-one. On the other hand, a smaller university may not have access to the latest educational technology, or access to top internships, but you will get to know your professors much more easily.
4-4. Take required entrance examinations.
Once you have a list of schools you are interested in applying to, you can look into the entrance requirements for these universities. Almost all universities will require you to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and many others will require that you take the ACT as well. Doing well on these exams can make the difference between getting into your top choice or not getting into any of your top schools so it is important to take these very seriously.
There are many options when it comes to preparing for these tests. You can attend preparation courses for both the SAT and the ACT, but these tend to be expensive. You can also study on your own using one of the many study guides available. Be sure to check your high school library for these study guides before purchasing.
4-5. Apply to your chosen universities
If you are still in high school, you should do this well before you graduate. If you have already finished high school, you can apply as soon as you have all of your application materials ready and the application period is open for your prospective universities.
If you are planning to apply to several universities it is a good idea to begin preparing your materials well in advance. Make a list of required application materials for each university you want to apply to. Make note of deadlines and application fees as well.
Remember that universities are looking for more than grades. Think of everything you have done that will be impressive to a university. This includes volunteer experiences as well as extracurricular activities.
If you are still in high school, start work on your applications in the summer before your senior year begins.
4-6. Don’t assume you must be a pre-med major.
Many students believe that, in order to get into a good medical school, you must be a pre-med major or a biology major. This is not true. More and more, medical schools are looking for students with well-rounded liberal arts education. This means that, in some cases, you could actually major in English and still get into a good medical school.
If you do major in pre-medicine or biology, consider rounding out your education by taking classes in a variety of subjects. This will give you the best of both worlds by preparing you for what is to come in medical school, while also demonstrating that you’ve gained knowledge in a variety of subjects.
4-7. Volunteer.
Volunteering is a good idea for many reasons. It gives you a chance to see what it’s really like to be a cardiologist, which can help you figure out if this is really what you want. Volunteering looks great on a CV, and it will give you experience in the field, which is valuable for many reasons. Try volunteering at a local cardiologist’s office, or any kind of medical clinic where you can gain experience.
Even if you can’t find a volunteer opportunity in something related to medicine or cardiology, you can still volunteer. Look for volunteer opportunities that help people in need. For example, you can volunteer with Habitat for Humanity or at a local soup kitchen.
If a university or medical school must choose between two academically impressive students, they will likely choose the student with volunteer experience.
Some programs, such as Gap Medics, offer pre-medical students an opportunity to shadow doctors abroad, but you must be at least 16 years old.
Tips
Case Western Reserve, Harvard, and UCLA are among the top universities in the US for cardiology. This is because of their link to a teaching hospital that is renown for its cardiology and heart surgery.[25]
X
Research source
Warnings
Embarking upon a career in the medical field is ambitious and rewarding, but it can also be very challenging, stressful, and expensive. Make sure you are up to the challenge before making a commitment to this field, as it may have a significant impact on your social and financial life.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting into Medical School\\n1-1. Look into potential medical schools.\\nYou may already know exactly where you want to go to medical school, but if you don’t, you should start looking at the possibilities as soon as possible. This will be very similar to your experience searching for an undergraduate program. Don’t just pick the top medical school in the country for that reason. Instead, search for a school that will be a good fit for your long-term goals, financial limitations, and personality.\\nThere are many factors to consider. For example, some medical schools focus mostly on research while others focus on patient care. Some focus on a specific specialty and many don’t. Medical schools even vary on levels of competitiveness. For example, Johns Hopkins is famous for being cutthroat, but other universities might offer a more collaborative atmosphere.\\nDon’t forget to consider things like location, weather, and student life. Though these may not be the top things to consider, they are still important. For example, if you cannot stand long, cold winters, a school in the Northeastern United States may not be the optimal experience for you.\\n1-2. Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).\\nThe MCAT is a written, multiple-choice examination. It looks at your ability to think critically and problem-solve, and tests your knowledge of the natural, behavioral, and social sciences. The exam usually takes about eight hours to complete. Most undergraduate students take this exam during their sophomore or junior year of college.\\nThere is a nearly limitless amount of study material available for the MCAT. See what materials and courses are available through your university, or visit the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) website to view and purchase study materials: https://www.aamc.org/.\\n1-3. Apply to Medical School\\nOnce you’ve made a list of all of the medical schools you believe to be a good fit, you’ll need to start the application process. If you are applying to a lot of medical schools it is important to stay organized. Take note of applications deadlines and any applications fees that must be paid.\\nYou could consider creating a folder for each medical school you want to apply to. On the front of each folder, write down the name of the school, the date the application is due, and a checklist of each document that is to be submitted as part of the application, as well as the address or website where you must submit the application.\\nYou will need letters of recommendation as part of each application. Don’t put off asking for these. Be sure to take note of whether the medical school has a template for the recommendation letters and how they are to be submitted. Make this clear to the people you will be asking.\\nMany medical schools use American Medical School Application Service (AMCAS) and others use the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS). This is nice because these application services do some of the work for you, but they do require a $160 fee that includes one medical school. Each additional medical school you wish to apply for costs $38.\\n2. Being Successful in Medical School\\n2-1. Maintain a good relationship with professors.\\nYour professors will play an important role in your medical school experience, and will also be important for landing a position in a good residency program. This is because they are often the ones responsible for writing letters of recommendation. Put your best foot forward in medical school so that your letters of recommendation will be favorable.\\nThese professors will also act as mentors, and the relationship you have with them largely depends on how you use that relationship. If you don’t take an interest in building a professional relationship with your professors, then they won’t either.\\nYou will be continually challenged in medical school. This is because professors want to see who is cut out to become a doctor and who isn’t. You will need to study the information you are learning very hard so that you can put that knowledge to use without supervision.\\n2-2. Prepare for the first step of your licensure examinations.\\nDuring your first two years of medical school, you will be required to take the first of three steps towards becoming licensed. There are two different types of licensure examinations offered in the United States: the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX). The USMLE is required for licensure for medical students attending medical schools that confer a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree but may also be taken by medical students attending medical schools that offer a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. The COMLEX is required for licensure of DO medical students. Both examinations are taken in three stages (known as levels or steps). The first stage of each series of exams is very rigorous and includes 8-9 hours of testing on about 300 questions. This test examines your basic understanding of science and how it is applied to practicing medicine.\\nIt is important that you study extensively for this examination. Be sure to take full advantage of any study materials available to you. You can find practice materials for each step of the examination process on the USMLE and COMLEX websites: http://www.usmle.org/.\\nYou must pass these exams in order to move on in medical school and eventually to receive a license to practice medicine.\\n2-3. Look for rotations in cardiology.\\nIn your third and fourth year of medical school, you will likely move your education to the hospital. In the third year, you probably won’t get much say in the rotations as all medical students are required to spend time working in each of the fundamental specialties; however, in your final year, you may get to speak up about what you’re interested in. This is when you should try to focus on cardiology as much as possible.\\nDon’t forget that you will be required to write an essay for your residency application. During your rotations, try to keep a journal of your experiences and interactions with patients. You can then use this journal to write a great essay about why you would make a good resident in their program.\\n2-4. Prepare for the second step of your licensure examinations.\\nIn your final year of medical school, you will complete the second of the three steps for licensure. The second step of the USMLE and COMLEX examinations are separated into two parts. The first of which tests your clinical skills (Step 2 CK for USMLE and Level 2 CE for COMLEX) through a written examination. The second part (Step 2 CS for USMLE and Level 2 PE for COMLEX) is an exam that looks at your ability to work with patients.\\nStep two of the examination is administered over a two-day period.\\nAs with step one, you will need to prepare yourself for this examination extensively. Visit the USMLE and COMLEX websites for practice materials.\\n2-5. Get involved in all your school has to offer.\\nMedical school is a very challenging time in the life of a student, and you may think that you should spend all of your time studying; however, getting involved in extracurricular activities and continuing to volunteer in the limited spare time you have will continue to build your CV, and will also provide a network of mentors, friends, and peers that can provide academic and emotional support during this time.\\nDon’t underestimate the importance of social support during medical school. Your friends, family, mentors, and peers will be vital for this. This also means that you should do your best to find the time to be something other than a medical student. For example, don’t feel bad going out to have coffee with friends sometimes.\\n2-6. Complete an internal medicine residency.\\nIn order to become a cardiologist, you’ll need to complete a three-year residency in internal medicine. Interviews for residency positions usually occur during December to February of your final year of medical school. The day when residency positions are announced is commonly known as “Match Day” and occurs in March of your final year of medical school.\\nYou will need to apply to residency programs around the country/world, much like you did for your undergraduate and medical programs.\\n2-7. Take the last step of USMLE and/or COMLEX.\\nThe final test for licensure is usually taken at some point during the residency. The final step is a two-day exam. The first day involves a written, multiple-choice exam consisting of ~250-300 questions that test your knowledge of basic medicine. The second day involves observing your assessment skills.\\nThe first day of examination usually takes about seven hours.\\nThe second day of examination usually takes around nine hours.\\nCOMLEX Level 3 is taken in a single day\\n2-8. Complete a cardiology fellowship.\\nLike the residency, the fellowship is typically also three years. During this time, you’ll likely split your work between seeing patients and learning from experienced cardiologists, and doing research.\\nOnce you have completed your cardiology fellowship, you will be able to become certified by the American Board of Medical Specialities (ABMS) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) as a cardiologist.\\n2-9. Choose a specialty.\\nDuring your cardiology fellowship, you’ll have the chance to choose your specialty. There are several specialties that you can choose from, including: non-invasive cardiology, invasive, non-interventional cardiology, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology.\\nBe sure to understand that a cardiologist is not a surgical field. If you want to become a cardiac surgeon you will need to pursue a surgical specialty instead of a cardiac specialty.\\nPediatric cardiology is also a tract separate from cardiology, requiring three years pediatrics residency and three years pediatric cardiology fellowship. If you wish to be a pediatric cardiologist, you must pursue a pediatric specialty.\\n3. Understanding Job Opportunities\\n3-1. Be aware of the types of employment available for a cardiologist.\\nA cardiologist has a wide variety of choices when it comes to employment settings. For example, you could be employed by a government agency, a hospital, or a research lab. You could also be employed by a private practice, or you could even open up your own if you wanted to.\\nOpening up your own medical practice is a big commitment, and may be especially challenging if you don’t have a lot of experience working as a cardiologist. Many cardiologists work in a hospital or a practice owned by another doctor to gain some experience before venturing out on their own.\\n3-2. Know the average salaries.\\nCardiologists are typically very well-paid, but it is important to understand that the amount you are paid for your work depends on a range of factors. If you work in a big city, you will probably get paid significantly more than if you live in a small town in the middle of nowhere. Keep in mind, though, that this is also due to cost-of-living factors. It will probably be tremendously expensive to buy a nice home in the middle of a big city (or even in the suburbs), but you will probably be able to afford your dream home in a smaller town on your salary.\\nThere may also be significantly more competition in a cosmopolitan city that everyone wants to live in. It’s all about comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different job opportunities.\\nThe median salary in 2014 for the lowest paying cardiology specialty was over $245,000 and the median salaries only increased from there.\\n3-3. Understand the day-to-day duties of a cardiologist.\\nBecause of the prominence of heart disease in developed countries, a job in cardiology can be a busy one. On a day-to-day basis you can expect to: diagnosing heart problems, prescribing medication, conducting medical procedures related to the heart, and giving health advice to patients.\\nDay-to-day duties can vary widely depending on the type of job you hold. For example, if you take a job that focuses on research you might not see patients at all.\\n3-4. Consider becoming a member of the American Heart Association (AHA).\\nBecoming a member of this association is a good idea because it helps you network with other professionals in the field, gives you access to continuing education, and will help you stay informed about new developments in the field of cardiology.\\nYou can even join the AHA while you are still a student. Memberships range in price from $78.00 up to $455.00 per year depending on the level of membership and the benefits included.\\n3-5. Look into joining the American College of Cardiology (ACC).\\nThe ACC is another respected organization that you might want to consider becoming a part of. As a member, you will be connected with thousands of other professionals in the field, and you will be given access to relevant medical journals, which can be very valuable.\\nThe initial cost to join the ACC is a little over $900, but the cost to maintain your membership is only around $150 per year.\\nNote that to become a member of the ACC you will need to prove your qualifications and provide letters of recommendation.\\n4. Getting Started Early\\n4-1. Take classes in the sciences during high school.\\nIn high school, you may not have much choice in what classes you take, but where you do have a choice, try to aim high. If your class offers AP or Honors courses, take them, especially if they are in science courses such as biology and chemistry.\\nIf your high school doesn’t offer advanced science courses, look for any advanced courses they may have. For example, courses in literature, history, or economics. AP/Honors courses may help you earn college credit, which looks great to prospective universities.\\nTake as many courses in math and sciences as you can. You want to have a strong foundation in these subjects before entering university, if possible.\\n4-2. Earn good grades\\nYou may think your grades aren’t that big of a deal in high school, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. If you want to become a cardiologist, you will need to think about long-term consequences of your decisions, which starts with earning good grades in high school. Developing discipline when it comes to studying and doing well in academics will help prepare you for what is to come in your undergraduate classes and medical school\\nIf you are struggling in a course, take steps to find a tutor, or go to the teacher after class to ask questions and get help. Most teachers will be happy to spend extra time helping you if they can see that you are taking the work seriously.\\n4-3. Look into universities that interest you.\\nIt is never too early to start thinking about where you would like to complete your education after high school. You’re going to need to complete an undergraduate degree and go to medical school. Start thinking about your long-term plans. If there is a particular medical school you’ve always dreamed of going to, look into their undergraduate programs. Make a list of things that are important to you in a university, and go from there.\\nIf you’re not sure where you’d like to go to university, then you can take a more practical approach. Think about how far you’re willing to travel for your education. In the United States, it is more affordable for most students to stay in the same state that they hold residency.\\nMost of the Ivy League schools have great pre-medical programs, but these universities are extremely competitive (not to mention extremely expensive). You can certainly apply to these programs but consider other universities as well.\\nWhile a huge university might have more resources and prestige, consider the fact that professors won’t be as accessible. You may spend four years with a professor without ever getting a chance to speak with them one-on-one. On the other hand, a smaller university may not have access to the latest educational technology, or access to top internships, but you will get to know your professors much more easily.\\n4-4. Take required entrance examinations.\\nOnce you have a list of schools you are interested in applying to, you can look into the entrance requirements for these universities. Almost all universities will require you to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and many others will require that you take the ACT as well. Doing well on these exams can make the difference between getting into your top choice or not getting into any of your top schools so it is important to take these very seriously.\\nThere are many options when it comes to preparing for these tests. You can attend preparation courses for both the SAT and the ACT, but these tend to be expensive. You can also study on your own using one of the many study guides available. Be sure to check your high school library for these study guides before purchasing.\\n4-5. Apply to your chosen universities\\nIf you are still in high school, you should do this well before you graduate. If you have already finished high school, you can apply as soon as you have all of your application materials ready and the application period is open for your prospective universities.\\nIf you are planning to apply to several universities it is a good idea to begin preparing your materials well in advance. Make a list of required application materials for each university you want to apply to. Make note of deadlines and application fees as well.\\nRemember that universities are looking for more than grades. Think of everything you have done that will be impressive to a university. This includes volunteer experiences as well as extracurricular activities.\\nIf you are still in high school, start work on your applications in the summer before your senior year begins.\\n4-6. Don’t assume you must be a pre-med major.\\nMany students believe that, in order to get into a good medical school, you must be a pre-med major or a biology major. This is not true. More and more, medical schools are looking for students with well-rounded liberal arts education. This means that, in some cases, you could actually major in English and still get into a good medical school.\\nIf you do major in pre-medicine or biology, consider rounding out your education by taking classes in a variety of subjects. This will give you the best of both worlds by preparing you for what is to come in medical school, while also demonstrating that you’ve gained knowledge in a variety of subjects.\\n4-7. Volunteer.\\nVolunteering is a good idea for many reasons. It gives you a chance to see what it’s really like to be a cardiologist, which can help you figure out if this is really what you want. Volunteering looks great on a CV, and it will give you experience in the field, which is valuable for many reasons. Try volunteering at a local cardiologist’s office, or any kind of medical clinic where you can gain experience.\\nEven if you can’t find a volunteer opportunity in something related to medicine or cardiology, you can still volunteer. Look for volunteer opportunities that help people in need. For example, you can volunteer with Habitat for Humanity or at a local soup kitchen.\\nIf a university or medical school must choose between two academically impressive students, they will likely choose the student with volunteer experience.\\nSome programs, such as Gap Medics, offer pre-medical students an opportunity to shadow doctors abroad, but you must be at least 16 years old.\\nTips\\nCase Western Reserve, Harvard, and UCLA are among the top universities in the US for cardiology. This is because of their link to a teaching hospital that is renown for its cardiology and heart surgery.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nEmbarking upon a career in the medical field is ambitious and rewarding, but it can also be very challenging, stressful, and expensive. Make sure you are up to the challenge before making a commitment to this field, as it may have a significant impact on your social and financial life.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in caring for the cardiovascular system, namely, the heart and blood vessels. Becoming a cardiologist is not a simple task, and requires you to be committed and disciplined. If you want to become a cardiologist, you can start during your high school years. Beyond that, you’ll need to earn an undergraduate degree, attend medical school, earn a place in an internal medicine residency, and finally, complete a cardiology fellowship. During this time, you will also need to successfully complete many examinations.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting into Medical School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look into potential medical schools.\", \"描述\": \"You may already know exactly where you want to go to medical school, but if you don’t, you should start looking at the possibilities as soon as possible. This will be very similar to your experience searching for an undergraduate program. Don’t just pick the top medical school in the country for that reason. Instead, search for a school that will be a good fit for your long-term goals, financial limitations, and personality.\\nThere are many factors to consider. For example, some medical schools focus mostly on research while others focus on patient care. Some focus on a specific specialty and many don’t. Medical schools even vary on levels of competitiveness. For example, Johns Hopkins is famous for being cutthroat, but other universities might offer a more collaborative atmosphere.\\nDon’t forget to consider things like location, weather, and student life. Though these may not be the top things to consider, they are still important. For example, if you cannot stand long, cold winters, a school in the Northeastern United States may not be the optimal experience for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).\", \"描述\": \"The MCAT is a written, multiple-choice examination. It looks at your ability to think critically and problem-solve, and tests your knowledge of the natural, behavioral, and social sciences. The exam usually takes about eight hours to complete. Most undergraduate students take this exam during their sophomore or junior year of college.\\nThere is a nearly limitless amount of study material available for the MCAT. See what materials and courses are available through your university, or visit the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) website to view and purchase study materials: https://www.aamc.org/.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply to Medical School\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve made a list of all of the medical schools you believe to be a good fit, you’ll need to start the application process. If you are applying to a lot of medical schools it is important to stay organized. Take note of applications deadlines and any applications fees that must be paid.\\nYou could consider creating a folder for each medical school you want to apply to. On the front of each folder, write down the name of the school, the date the application is due, and a checklist of each document that is to be submitted as part of the application, as well as the address or website where you must submit the application.\\nYou will need letters of recommendation as part of each application. Don’t put off asking for these. Be sure to take note of whether the medical school has a template for the recommendation letters and how they are to be submitted. Make this clear to the people you will be asking.\\nMany medical schools use American Medical School Application Service (AMCAS) and others use the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS). This is nice because these application services do some of the work for you, but they do require a $160 fee that includes one medical school. Each additional medical school you wish to apply for costs $38.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Being Successful in Medical School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain a good relationship with professors.\", \"描述\": \"Your professors will play an important role in your medical school experience, and will also be important for landing a position in a good residency program. This is because they are often the ones responsible for writing letters of recommendation. Put your best foot forward in medical school so that your letters of recommendation will be favorable.\\nThese professors will also act as mentors, and the relationship you have with them largely depends on how you use that relationship. If you don’t take an interest in building a professional relationship with your professors, then they won’t either.\\nYou will be continually challenged in medical school. This is because professors want to see who is cut out to become a doctor and who isn’t. You will need to study the information you are learning very hard so that you can put that knowledge to use without supervision.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the first step of your licensure examinations.\", \"描述\": \"During your first two years of medical school, you will be required to take the first of three steps towards becoming licensed. There are two different types of licensure examinations offered in the United States: the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX). The USMLE is required for licensure for medical students attending medical schools that confer a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree but may also be taken by medical students attending medical schools that offer a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. The COMLEX is required for licensure of DO medical students. Both examinations are taken in three stages (known as levels or steps). The first stage of each series of exams is very rigorous and includes 8-9 hours of testing on about 300 questions. This test examines your basic understanding of science and how it is applied to practicing medicine.\\nIt is important that you study extensively for this examination. Be sure to take full advantage of any study materials available to you. You can find practice materials for each step of the examination process on the USMLE and COMLEX websites: http://www.usmle.org/.\\nYou must pass these exams in order to move on in medical school and eventually to receive a license to practice medicine.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for rotations in cardiology.\", \"描述\": \"In your third and fourth year of medical school, you will likely move your education to the hospital. In the third year, you probably won’t get much say in the rotations as all medical students are required to spend time working in each of the fundamental specialties; however, in your final year, you may get to speak up about what you’re interested in. This is when you should try to focus on cardiology as much as possible.\\nDon’t forget that you will be required to write an essay for your residency application. During your rotations, try to keep a journal of your experiences and interactions with patients. You can then use this journal to write a great essay about why you would make a good resident in their program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the second step of your licensure examinations.\", \"描述\": \"In your final year of medical school, you will complete the second of the three steps for licensure. The second step of the USMLE and COMLEX examinations are separated into two parts. The first of which tests your clinical skills (Step 2 CK for USMLE and Level 2 CE for COMLEX) through a written examination. The second part (Step 2 CS for USMLE and Level 2 PE for COMLEX) is an exam that looks at your ability to work with patients.\\nStep two of the examination is administered over a two-day period.\\nAs with step one, you will need to prepare yourself for this examination extensively. Visit the USMLE and COMLEX websites for practice materials.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get involved in all your school has to offer.\", \"描述\": \"Medical school is a very challenging time in the life of a student, and you may think that you should spend all of your time studying; however, getting involved in extracurricular activities and continuing to volunteer in the limited spare time you have will continue to build your CV, and will also provide a network of mentors, friends, and peers that can provide academic and emotional support during this time.\\nDon’t underestimate the importance of social support during medical school. Your friends, family, mentors, and peers will be vital for this. This also means that you should do your best to find the time to be something other than a medical student. For example, don’t feel bad going out to have coffee with friends sometimes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete an internal medicine residency.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a cardiologist, you’ll need to complete a three-year residency in internal medicine. Interviews for residency positions usually occur during December to February of your final year of medical school. The day when residency positions are announced is commonly known as “Match Day” and occurs in March of your final year of medical school.\\nYou will need to apply to residency programs around the country/world, much like you did for your undergraduate and medical programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the last step of USMLE and/or COMLEX.\", \"描述\": \"The final test for licensure is usually taken at some point during the residency. The final step is a two-day exam. The first day involves a written, multiple-choice exam consisting of ~250-300 questions that test your knowledge of basic medicine. The second day involves observing your assessment skills.\\nThe first day of examination usually takes about seven hours.\\nThe second day of examination usually takes around nine hours.\\nCOMLEX Level 3 is taken in a single day\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Complete a cardiology fellowship.\", \"描述\": \"Like the residency, the fellowship is typically also three years. During this time, you’ll likely split your work between seeing patients and learning from experienced cardiologists, and doing research.\\nOnce you have completed your cardiology fellowship, you will be able to become certified by the American Board of Medical Specialities (ABMS) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) as a cardiologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Choose a specialty.\", \"描述\": \"During your cardiology fellowship, you’ll have the chance to choose your specialty. There are several specialties that you can choose from, including: non-invasive cardiology, invasive, non-interventional cardiology, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology.\\nBe sure to understand that a cardiologist is not a surgical field. If you want to become a cardiac surgeon you will need to pursue a surgical specialty instead of a cardiac specialty.\\nPediatric cardiology is also a tract separate from cardiology, requiring three years pediatrics residency and three years pediatric cardiology fellowship. If you wish to be a pediatric cardiologist, you must pursue a pediatric specialty.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understanding Job Opportunities\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be aware of the types of employment available for a cardiologist.\", \"描述\": \"A cardiologist has a wide variety of choices when it comes to employment settings. For example, you could be employed by a government agency, a hospital, or a research lab. You could also be employed by a private practice, or you could even open up your own if you wanted to.\\nOpening up your own medical practice is a big commitment, and may be especially challenging if you don’t have a lot of experience working as a cardiologist. Many cardiologists work in a hospital or a practice owned by another doctor to gain some experience before venturing out on their own.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know the average salaries.\", \"描述\": \"Cardiologists are typically very well-paid, but it is important to understand that the amount you are paid for your work depends on a range of factors. If you work in a big city, you will probably get paid significantly more than if you live in a small town in the middle of nowhere. Keep in mind, though, that this is also due to cost-of-living factors. It will probably be tremendously expensive to buy a nice home in the middle of a big city (or even in the suburbs), but you will probably be able to afford your dream home in a smaller town on your salary.\\nThere may also be significantly more competition in a cosmopolitan city that everyone wants to live in. It’s all about comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different job opportunities.\\nThe median salary in 2014 for the lowest paying cardiology specialty was over $245,000 and the median salaries only increased from there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the day-to-day duties of a cardiologist.\", \"描述\": \"Because of the prominence of heart disease in developed countries, a job in cardiology can be a busy one. On a day-to-day basis you can expect to: diagnosing heart problems, prescribing medication, conducting medical procedures related to the heart, and giving health advice to patients.\\nDay-to-day duties can vary widely depending on the type of job you hold. For example, if you take a job that focuses on research you might not see patients at all.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider becoming a member of the American Heart Association (AHA).\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a member of this association is a good idea because it helps you network with other professionals in the field, gives you access to continuing education, and will help you stay informed about new developments in the field of cardiology.\\nYou can even join the AHA while you are still a student. Memberships range in price from $78.00 up to $455.00 per year depending on the level of membership and the benefits included.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look into joining the American College of Cardiology (ACC).\", \"描述\": \"The ACC is another respected organization that you might want to consider becoming a part of. As a member, you will be connected with thousands of other professionals in the field, and you will be given access to relevant medical journals, which can be very valuable.\\nThe initial cost to join the ACC is a little over $900, but the cost to maintain your membership is only around $150 per year.\\nNote that to become a member of the ACC you will need to prove your qualifications and provide letters of recommendation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Getting Started Early\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take classes in the sciences during high school.\", \"描述\": \"In high school, you may not have much choice in what classes you take, but where you do have a choice, try to aim high. If your class offers AP or Honors courses, take them, especially if they are in science courses such as biology and chemistry.\\nIf your high school doesn’t offer advanced science courses, look for any advanced courses they may have. For example, courses in literature, history, or economics. AP/Honors courses may help you earn college credit, which looks great to prospective universities.\\nTake as many courses in math and sciences as you can. You want to have a strong foundation in these subjects before entering university, if possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn good grades\", \"描述\": \"You may think your grades aren’t that big of a deal in high school, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. If you want to become a cardiologist, you will need to think about long-term consequences of your decisions, which starts with earning good grades in high school. Developing discipline when it comes to studying and doing well in academics will help prepare you for what is to come in your undergraduate classes and medical school\\nIf you are struggling in a course, take steps to find a tutor, or go to the teacher after class to ask questions and get help. Most teachers will be happy to spend extra time helping you if they can see that you are taking the work seriously.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look into universities that interest you.\", \"描述\": \"It is never too early to start thinking about where you would like to complete your education after high school. You’re going to need to complete an undergraduate degree and go to medical school. Start thinking about your long-term plans. If there is a particular medical school you’ve always dreamed of going to, look into their undergraduate programs. Make a list of things that are important to you in a university, and go from there.\\nIf you’re not sure where you’d like to go to university, then you can take a more practical approach. Think about how far you’re willing to travel for your education. In the United States, it is more affordable for most students to stay in the same state that they hold residency.\\nMost of the Ivy League schools have great pre-medical programs, but these universities are extremely competitive (not to mention extremely expensive). You can certainly apply to these programs but consider other universities as well.\\nWhile a huge university might have more resources and prestige, consider the fact that professors won’t be as accessible. You may spend four years with a professor without ever getting a chance to speak with them one-on-one. On the other hand, a smaller university may not have access to the latest educational technology, or access to top internships, but you will get to know your professors much more easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take required entrance examinations.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have a list of schools you are interested in applying to, you can look into the entrance requirements for these universities. Almost all universities will require you to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and many others will require that you take the ACT as well. Doing well on these exams can make the difference between getting into your top choice or not getting into any of your top schools so it is important to take these very seriously.\\nThere are many options when it comes to preparing for these tests. You can attend preparation courses for both the SAT and the ACT, but these tend to be expensive. You can also study on your own using one of the many study guides available. Be sure to check your high school library for these study guides before purchasing.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to your chosen universities\", \"描述\": \"If you are still in high school, you should do this well before you graduate. If you have already finished high school, you can apply as soon as you have all of your application materials ready and the application period is open for your prospective universities.\\nIf you are planning to apply to several universities it is a good idea to begin preparing your materials well in advance. Make a list of required application materials for each university you want to apply to. Make note of deadlines and application fees as well.\\nRemember that universities are looking for more than grades. Think of everything you have done that will be impressive to a university. This includes volunteer experiences as well as extracurricular activities.\\nIf you are still in high school, start work on your applications in the summer before your senior year begins.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don’t assume you must be a pre-med major.\", \"描述\": \"Many students believe that, in order to get into a good medical school, you must be a pre-med major or a biology major. This is not true. More and more, medical schools are looking for students with well-rounded liberal arts education. This means that, in some cases, you could actually major in English and still get into a good medical school.\\nIf you do major in pre-medicine or biology, consider rounding out your education by taking classes in a variety of subjects. This will give you the best of both worlds by preparing you for what is to come in medical school, while also demonstrating that you’ve gained knowledge in a variety of subjects.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"Volunteering is a good idea for many reasons. It gives you a chance to see what it’s really like to be a cardiologist, which can help you figure out if this is really what you want. Volunteering looks great on a CV, and it will give you experience in the field, which is valuable for many reasons. Try volunteering at a local cardiologist’s office, or any kind of medical clinic where you can gain experience.\\nEven if you can’t find a volunteer opportunity in something related to medicine or cardiology, you can still volunteer. Look for volunteer opportunities that help people in need. For example, you can volunteer with Habitat for Humanity or at a local soup kitchen.\\nIf a university or medical school must choose between two academically impressive students, they will likely choose the student with volunteer experience.\\nSome programs, such as Gap Medics, offer pre-medical students an opportunity to shadow doctors abroad, but you must be at least 16 years old.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Case Western Reserve, Harvard, and UCLA are among the top universities in the US for cardiology. This is because of their link to a teaching hospital that is renown for its cardiology and heart surgery.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Embarking upon a career in the medical field is ambitious and rewarding, but it can also be very challenging, stressful, and expensive. Make sure you are up to the challenge before making a commitment to this field, as it may have a significant impact on your social and financial life.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,241 |
How to Become a Career Coach
|
1. Gaining Credibility as a Career Coach
1-1. Acquire experience.
While there is no specific experience required to become a career coach, you need to have a background that will inspire confidence in your clients.
A background in career services or workforce development will offer you the most relevant experience.
A background in recruiting or human resources can also be helpful, as this will give you the opportunity to learn more about what employers are looking for.
A successful career of any kind can be an excellent asset, especially if you want to help people find jobs in the same field that you used to work in.
1-2. Be familiar with the job market.
In order to help your clients, you will need to have a broad understanding of the types of jobs available in your area, the education and skill sets required for those jobs, and their average salaries. You also need to stay up-to-date with the latest technology used for job hunting and networking.
It is helpful to know which job markets are hiring, or have rising employment opportunities, compared to others. Most answers to this can be found online with a simple search.
Social media is currently widely used, but new technologies are developing all the time, so never stop learning about the latest trends.
1-3. Hone your resume writing skills.
Not all career coaches offer resume writing services, but the skill is in hot demand. If you plan on offering this service you will need to have strong writing and grammar skills and understand what employers are looking for in a resume.
You will need to help clients expand upon or condense their resumes to an appropriate length based on the amount of experience they have.
You will need to help clients tailor their resumes for individual positions.
You should know what keywords recruiters in the specific industry will be looking for.
You should learn how to expertly format resumes so they are easy to read and look professional.
1-4. Learn to listen.
In order to be a successful career coach, you will need to be a great listener who is able to converse with a diverse group of people about their interests, strengths, weaknesses, and experiences.
You will need to know what questions to ask in order to get people to reveal this information to you.
You will also need to be able to analyze the information that your clients give you quickly and effectively.
1-5. Continue to develop your skills.
Before you begin working with clients, you need to make sure you have the skills that are needed to actually help clients decide on a career path or find a job. Joining professional development organizations is a great way to advance your skills and stay on top of the latest in industry news and research.
It's a great idea to hire a coach for a few months so you can get a first-hand feel for the profession. This way, you will truly understand what it is like to be coached and what are the benefits of this practice.
1-6. Choose a niche.
It helps to have focus when starting out as a career coach. Choosing the right type of client will allow you to put your relevant experience to work and will help you enjoy your work more. You will also gain credibility as an experienced career coach in your specific niche.
If you have a background in a specific industry, consider catering to clients looking for careers in that industry. Your professional experience will go a long way to increase your credibility.
You can also cater towards specific types of people who you enjoy working with, such as recent college graduates or stay-at-home moms who are trying to reenter the workforce.
Alternatively, you can focus on a certain kind of job hunter. For example, some people contact career coaches because they have no idea what they want to do for a career, while others contact career coaches because they want to advance in their careers, but are unsure about what they need to do. Still others contact career coaches because they need help writing their resumes and applying for jobs.
1-7. Consider certification.
Certification is not necessary, but it may help you look more professional. Taking classes to earn a certification as a career coach from an ICF-accredited institution can also help you learn more about the field, which will be especially helpful if you're short on experience.
There are a wide variety of career and life coaching certification programs available, and because career coaching is not a regulated industry, they all have different requirements. Make sure to thoroughly research any program before signing up. It might also be helpful to talk to people who have completed the programs.
It's also important to do your homework to make sure the program is the best fit for you, since all coaching schools have different approaches, training styles and costs.
2. Building Your Business
2-1. Decide where you will work.
Most career coaches operate independently. If this is how you plan to work, you will need to decide where the best place is to meet your clients. Some options include public places, your clients' home, or a dedicated office area in your own home.
If you can afford it, you may want to invest in an office space. Depending on where you live, you may be able to find an office space that allows you to rent out space by the day or by the hour.
2-2. Create a website.
Most people search for products and service online, so customers need to be able to learn about who you are and what you have to offer from your website. It is absolutely essential to have a strong web presence in today's day and age!
If you don't have a large budget, don't worry. There are lots of providers that offer simple website design and hosting for inexpensive rates. As your business grows, you can update your website.
When writing the content for your website, be sure to consider what your mission statement is and how you can communicate that to your customers. Everything you write should have a consistent voice that conveys your brand's message.
2-3. Create marketing materials.
You could be the best coach in the world but if no one knows about you, your business won’t succeed. You need to market your business in order to let customers know that you exist and to give them a good impression of your business. Depending on your budget and your specific business goals, you might consider print materials such as business cards, flyers, postcards, or brochures. You might also want to invest in online, radio, print, or television advertising.
Come up with a great logo and tagline and use them consistently across all of your marketing materials.
Marketing can be very expensive, so make sure you start saving some money to invest in your business.
2-4. Look for opportunities to spread the word.
In addition to maintaining your website and distributing your marketing materials, you should always be on the lookout for new ways to let clients know about your skills and services. The right approach for you will depend on your experience and your target audience, but you may consider speaking at conferences, using your expertise to write articles for papers or websites, or posting informative content on social media.
Make sure everything you post online or otherwise distribute is in keeping with your personal brand.
2-5. Maintain a professional appearance.
Keep in mind that prospective clients are likely to look into your background. As a career coach, you need to inspire confidence in your clients by writing an impressive resume for yourself and marketing your business like an expert.
3. Advancing Your Career
3-1. Get a degree.
Whether you want to increase your credibility as a career coach or you want to take your career to the next level, you may wish to pursue a degree. Useful fields include psychology, counseling, sociology, or Human Resources.
If you have a specific career goal in mind, be sure to check to see what the educational requirements are. For example, if you wish to become a career counselor at a school, you will need a master's degree in school counseling, as well as the appropriate state license.
3-2. Work for a company.
If working for yourself is not for you, you do have other options as a career coach. Depending on your interests, you may consider working for a company that provides career coaching and resume writing services. You may also opt to work in the human resources or career development department of a large corporation.
Keep in mind that some companies may require you to hold a certain degree.
Be vigilant about finding the right fit for you. As a career coach, you should know how to network and search online job boards in order to find a great opportunity.
3-3. Consider becoming a career counselor.
If you love career coaching, and you would like to advance your career further, you might consider becoming a career counselor. Career counselors are different from career coaches because they typically conduct assessments and offer advice, while career coaches offer mostly information.
As a career counselor, you can also help people identify issues that may be holding them back in life, such as depression or anxiety.
You must have at least a bachelor's degree to work as a career counselor, but many counselors have master's degrees or doctoral degrees. Career counselor also need to be licensed by the state in which they operate.
Tips
Consider and prepare for diversity. Effective career coaching requires an understanding of the dynamics that influence individuals, which may include age, race, culture, religion, or other factors.
If you're planning on working for yourself, you may want to consider hiring a marketing company to help you build your brand and advertise your services.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Credibility as a Career Coach\\n1-1. Acquire experience.\\nWhile there is no specific experience required to become a career coach, you need to have a background that will inspire confidence in your clients.\\nA background in career services or workforce development will offer you the most relevant experience.\\nA background in recruiting or human resources can also be helpful, as this will give you the opportunity to learn more about what employers are looking for.\\nA successful career of any kind can be an excellent asset, especially if you want to help people find jobs in the same field that you used to work in.\\n1-2. Be familiar with the job market.\\nIn order to help your clients, you will need to have a broad understanding of the types of jobs available in your area, the education and skill sets required for those jobs, and their average salaries. You also need to stay up-to-date with the latest technology used for job hunting and networking.\\nIt is helpful to know which job markets are hiring, or have rising employment opportunities, compared to others. Most answers to this can be found online with a simple search.\\nSocial media is currently widely used, but new technologies are developing all the time, so never stop learning about the latest trends.\\n1-3. Hone your resume writing skills.\\nNot all career coaches offer resume writing services, but the skill is in hot demand. If you plan on offering this service you will need to have strong writing and grammar skills and understand what employers are looking for in a resume.\\nYou will need to help clients expand upon or condense their resumes to an appropriate length based on the amount of experience they have.\\nYou will need to help clients tailor their resumes for individual positions.\\nYou should know what keywords recruiters in the specific industry will be looking for.\\nYou should learn how to expertly format resumes so they are easy to read and look professional.\\n1-4. Learn to listen.\\nIn order to be a successful career coach, you will need to be a great listener who is able to converse with a diverse group of people about their interests, strengths, weaknesses, and experiences.\\nYou will need to know what questions to ask in order to get people to reveal this information to you.\\nYou will also need to be able to analyze the information that your clients give you quickly and effectively.\\n1-5. Continue to develop your skills.\\nBefore you begin working with clients, you need to make sure you have the skills that are needed to actually help clients decide on a career path or find a job. Joining professional development organizations is a great way to advance your skills and stay on top of the latest in industry news and research.\\nIt's a great idea to hire a coach for a few months so you can get a first-hand feel for the profession. This way, you will truly understand what it is like to be coached and what are the benefits of this practice.\\n1-6. Choose a niche.\\nIt helps to have focus when starting out as a career coach. Choosing the right type of client will allow you to put your relevant experience to work and will help you enjoy your work more. You will also gain credibility as an experienced career coach in your specific niche.\\nIf you have a background in a specific industry, consider catering to clients looking for careers in that industry. Your professional experience will go a long way to increase your credibility.\\nYou can also cater towards specific types of people who you enjoy working with, such as recent college graduates or stay-at-home moms who are trying to reenter the workforce.\\nAlternatively, you can focus on a certain kind of job hunter. For example, some people contact career coaches because they have no idea what they want to do for a career, while others contact career coaches because they want to advance in their careers, but are unsure about what they need to do. Still others contact career coaches because they need help writing their resumes and applying for jobs.\\n1-7. Consider certification.\\nCertification is not necessary, but it may help you look more professional. Taking classes to earn a certification as a career coach from an ICF-accredited institution can also help you learn more about the field, which will be especially helpful if you're short on experience.\\nThere are a wide variety of career and life coaching certification programs available, and because career coaching is not a regulated industry, they all have different requirements. Make sure to thoroughly research any program before signing up. It might also be helpful to talk to people who have completed the programs.\\nIt's also important to do your homework to make sure the program is the best fit for you, since all coaching schools have different approaches, training styles and costs.\\n2. Building Your Business\\n2-1. Decide where you will work.\\nMost career coaches operate independently. If this is how you plan to work, you will need to decide where the best place is to meet your clients. Some options include public places, your clients' home, or a dedicated office area in your own home.\\nIf you can afford it, you may want to invest in an office space. Depending on where you live, you may be able to find an office space that allows you to rent out space by the day or by the hour.\\n2-2. Create a website.\\nMost people search for products and service online, so customers need to be able to learn about who you are and what you have to offer from your website. It is absolutely essential to have a strong web presence in today's day and age!\\nIf you don't have a large budget, don't worry. There are lots of providers that offer simple website design and hosting for inexpensive rates. As your business grows, you can update your website.\\nWhen writing the content for your website, be sure to consider what your mission statement is and how you can communicate that to your customers. Everything you write should have a consistent voice that conveys your brand's message.\\n2-3. Create marketing materials.\\nYou could be the best coach in the world but if no one knows about you, your business won’t succeed. You need to market your business in order to let customers know that you exist and to give them a good impression of your business. Depending on your budget and your specific business goals, you might consider print materials such as business cards, flyers, postcards, or brochures. You might also want to invest in online, radio, print, or television advertising.\\nCome up with a great logo and tagline and use them consistently across all of your marketing materials.\\nMarketing can be very expensive, so make sure you start saving some money to invest in your business.\\n2-4. Look for opportunities to spread the word.\\nIn addition to maintaining your website and distributing your marketing materials, you should always be on the lookout for new ways to let clients know about your skills and services. The right approach for you will depend on your experience and your target audience, but you may consider speaking at conferences, using your expertise to write articles for papers or websites, or posting informative content on social media.\\nMake sure everything you post online or otherwise distribute is in keeping with your personal brand.\\n2-5. Maintain a professional appearance.\\nKeep in mind that prospective clients are likely to look into your background. As a career coach, you need to inspire confidence in your clients by writing an impressive resume for yourself and marketing your business like an expert.\\n3. Advancing Your Career\\n3-1. Get a degree.\\nWhether you want to increase your credibility as a career coach or you want to take your career to the next level, you may wish to pursue a degree. Useful fields include psychology, counseling, sociology, or Human Resources.\\nIf you have a specific career goal in mind, be sure to check to see what the educational requirements are. For example, if you wish to become a career counselor at a school, you will need a master's degree in school counseling, as well as the appropriate state license.\\n3-2. Work for a company.\\nIf working for yourself is not for you, you do have other options as a career coach. Depending on your interests, you may consider working for a company that provides career coaching and resume writing services. You may also opt to work in the human resources or career development department of a large corporation.\\nKeep in mind that some companies may require you to hold a certain degree.\\nBe vigilant about finding the right fit for you. As a career coach, you should know how to network and search online job boards in order to find a great opportunity.\\n3-3. Consider becoming a career counselor.\\nIf you love career coaching, and you would like to advance your career further, you might consider becoming a career counselor. Career counselors are different from career coaches because they typically conduct assessments and offer advice, while career coaches offer mostly information.\\nAs a career counselor, you can also help people identify issues that may be holding them back in life, such as depression or anxiety.\\nYou must have at least a bachelor's degree to work as a career counselor, but many counselors have master's degrees or doctoral degrees. Career counselor also need to be licensed by the state in which they operate.\\nTips\\nConsider and prepare for diversity. Effective career coaching requires an understanding of the dynamics that influence individuals, which may include age, race, culture, religion, or other factors.\\nIf you're planning on working for yourself, you may want to consider hiring a marketing company to help you build your brand and advertise your services.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Career coaches provide guidance to people in need of assistance with career selection and professional transitions. Unlike career counselors, career coaches are not licensed, and there are no particular education requirements to become a career coach. That being said, there are a variety of certifications available that can boost your credibility as a career coach. You also need to make sure you have the knowledge and experience necessary to help people progress in their careers.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Credibility as a Career Coach\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquire experience.\", \"描述\": \"While there is no specific experience required to become a career coach, you need to have a background that will inspire confidence in your clients.\\nA background in career services or workforce development will offer you the most relevant experience.\\nA background in recruiting or human resources can also be helpful, as this will give you the opportunity to learn more about what employers are looking for.\\nA successful career of any kind can be an excellent asset, especially if you want to help people find jobs in the same field that you used to work in.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be familiar with the job market.\", \"描述\": \"In order to help your clients, you will need to have a broad understanding of the types of jobs available in your area, the education and skill sets required for those jobs, and their average salaries. You also need to stay up-to-date with the latest technology used for job hunting and networking.\\nIt is helpful to know which job markets are hiring, or have rising employment opportunities, compared to others. Most answers to this can be found online with a simple search.\\nSocial media is currently widely used, but new technologies are developing all the time, so never stop learning about the latest trends.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hone your resume writing skills.\", \"描述\": \"Not all career coaches offer resume writing services, but the skill is in hot demand. If you plan on offering this service you will need to have strong writing and grammar skills and understand what employers are looking for in a resume.\\nYou will need to help clients expand upon or condense their resumes to an appropriate length based on the amount of experience they have.\\nYou will need to help clients tailor their resumes for individual positions.\\nYou should know what keywords recruiters in the specific industry will be looking for.\\nYou should learn how to expertly format resumes so they are easy to read and look professional.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn to listen.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be a successful career coach, you will need to be a great listener who is able to converse with a diverse group of people about their interests, strengths, weaknesses, and experiences.\\nYou will need to know what questions to ask in order to get people to reveal this information to you.\\nYou will also need to be able to analyze the information that your clients give you quickly and effectively.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Continue to develop your skills.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin working with clients, you need to make sure you have the skills that are needed to actually help clients decide on a career path or find a job. Joining professional development organizations is a great way to advance your skills and stay on top of the latest in industry news and research.\\nIt's a great idea to hire a coach for a few months so you can get a first-hand feel for the profession. This way, you will truly understand what it is like to be coached and what are the benefits of this practice.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Choose a niche.\", \"描述\": \"It helps to have focus when starting out as a career coach. Choosing the right type of client will allow you to put your relevant experience to work and will help you enjoy your work more. You will also gain credibility as an experienced career coach in your specific niche.\\nIf you have a background in a specific industry, consider catering to clients looking for careers in that industry. Your professional experience will go a long way to increase your credibility.\\nYou can also cater towards specific types of people who you enjoy working with, such as recent college graduates or stay-at-home moms who are trying to reenter the workforce.\\nAlternatively, you can focus on a certain kind of job hunter. For example, some people contact career coaches because they have no idea what they want to do for a career, while others contact career coaches because they want to advance in their careers, but are unsure about what they need to do. Still others contact career coaches because they need help writing their resumes and applying for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Consider certification.\", \"描述\": \"Certification is not necessary, but it may help you look more professional. Taking classes to earn a certification as a career coach from an ICF-accredited institution can also help you learn more about the field, which will be especially helpful if you're short on experience.\\nThere are a wide variety of career and life coaching certification programs available, and because career coaching is not a regulated industry, they all have different requirements. Make sure to thoroughly research any program before signing up. It might also be helpful to talk to people who have completed the programs.\\nIt's also important to do your homework to make sure the program is the best fit for you, since all coaching schools have different approaches, training styles and costs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide where you will work.\", \"描述\": \"Most career coaches operate independently. If this is how you plan to work, you will need to decide where the best place is to meet your clients. Some options include public places, your clients' home, or a dedicated office area in your own home.\\nIf you can afford it, you may want to invest in an office space. Depending on where you live, you may be able to find an office space that allows you to rent out space by the day or by the hour.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a website.\", \"描述\": \"Most people search for products and service online, so customers need to be able to learn about who you are and what you have to offer from your website. It is absolutely essential to have a strong web presence in today's day and age!\\nIf you don't have a large budget, don't worry. There are lots of providers that offer simple website design and hosting for inexpensive rates. As your business grows, you can update your website.\\nWhen writing the content for your website, be sure to consider what your mission statement is and how you can communicate that to your customers. Everything you write should have a consistent voice that conveys your brand's message.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create marketing materials.\", \"描述\": \"You could be the best coach in the world but if no one knows about you, your business won’t succeed. You need to market your business in order to let customers know that you exist and to give them a good impression of your business. Depending on your budget and your specific business goals, you might consider print materials such as business cards, flyers, postcards, or brochures. You might also want to invest in online, radio, print, or television advertising.\\nCome up with a great logo and tagline and use them consistently across all of your marketing materials.\\nMarketing can be very expensive, so make sure you start saving some money to invest in your business.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for opportunities to spread the word.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to maintaining your website and distributing your marketing materials, you should always be on the lookout for new ways to let clients know about your skills and services. The right approach for you will depend on your experience and your target audience, but you may consider speaking at conferences, using your expertise to write articles for papers or websites, or posting informative content on social media.\\nMake sure everything you post online or otherwise distribute is in keeping with your personal brand.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain a professional appearance.\", \"描述\": \"Keep in mind that prospective clients are likely to look into your background. As a career coach, you need to inspire confidence in your clients by writing an impressive resume for yourself and marketing your business like an expert.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a degree.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you want to increase your credibility as a career coach or you want to take your career to the next level, you may wish to pursue a degree. Useful fields include psychology, counseling, sociology, or Human Resources.\\nIf you have a specific career goal in mind, be sure to check to see what the educational requirements are. For example, if you wish to become a career counselor at a school, you will need a master's degree in school counseling, as well as the appropriate state license.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work for a company.\", \"描述\": \"If working for yourself is not for you, you do have other options as a career coach. Depending on your interests, you may consider working for a company that provides career coaching and resume writing services. You may also opt to work in the human resources or career development department of a large corporation.\\nKeep in mind that some companies may require you to hold a certain degree.\\nBe vigilant about finding the right fit for you. As a career coach, you should know how to network and search online job boards in order to find a great opportunity.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider becoming a career counselor.\", \"描述\": \"If you love career coaching, and you would like to advance your career further, you might consider becoming a career counselor. Career counselors are different from career coaches because they typically conduct assessments and offer advice, while career coaches offer mostly information.\\nAs a career counselor, you can also help people identify issues that may be holding them back in life, such as depression or anxiety.\\nYou must have at least a bachelor's degree to work as a career counselor, but many counselors have master's degrees or doctoral degrees. Career counselor also need to be licensed by the state in which they operate.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider and prepare for diversity. Effective career coaching requires an understanding of the dynamics that influence individuals, which may include age, race, culture, religion, or other factors.\\n\", \"If you're planning on working for yourself, you may want to consider hiring a marketing company to help you build your brand and advertise your services.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,242 |
How to Become a Carpenter
|
1. Developing Your Basic Skill Set
1-1. Realize what a carpenter is.
A carpenter is someone who works with, builds, and fixes items and structures made out of wood. More than that, he or she is passionate about things built from wood. Carpenters are skilled with their hands and tend to work on and fix wooden structures like stairways and door frames, install things like cabinets and drywall, and work on building and repairing furniture.
1-2. Get physically fit
This is a job that requires heavy lifting. You can expect to be on your feet most of the day doing active physical labor. You need a good sense of balance.
Aside from being able to lift heavy things, you also need to have great hand-eye coordination. Carpenters use tools that require a good eye to avoid getting injured or damaging the wood.
1-3. Examine your educational strengths.
Carpenters need to be able to solve mathematical problems with ease. They also need good oral communication and language skills, and a good understanding of physical science can be helpful as well. A successful carpenter can see the big picture and not just the immediate assigned task. Other key carpenter characteristics include:
Being detail-oriented. One of the most important parts of carpentry is being able to measure and cut pieces of wood to exact measurements: an entire building could be affected by an ill-measured stairway. Carpenters also need the ability to look at a wooden structure and assess any problems with it.
Having problem-solving skills: Carpenters will face many problems while on the job. A board may break, or a tool may stall, and a carpenter will need to be able to recognize the problem and come up with a quick, effective solution.
1-4. Learn the basic tools carpenters use.
While there are hundreds of carpentry tools, there are certain tools that every aspiring carpenter needs to become intimately familiar with. These include:
A hammer. Hammering and pulling out nails is a big part of being a carpenter. A hammer and nails are important to any carpentry project.
A measuring tape. The ability to make precise measurements is one of the most important parts of being a great carpenter. If one measurement is off, the whole project could fail.
A saw. Carpentry wouldn’t be an art without the saw. There are many different kinds of saws. The most common is, fittingly, the universal saw. Practicing on one of these is a good place to start as an aspiring carpenter.
Marking tools. This is a fancy name for pens or pencils. Once you have made your measurement, you’ll need to mark where each piece of wood needs to be sawed, nailed, and so on.
A spirit level. Levels are the key to symmetry, straight lines, and general accuracy. If you place a spirit level on a plank you hold up to the wall, it will tell you whether or not it is perfectly horizontal.
2. Make Use of Vocational Training Programs in High School
2-1. See if your school offers basic shop classes.
High schools often offer shop classes that will teach you how to safely operate carpentry equipment such as saws and drills. It will also teach you the basics of simple carpentry and will allow you to get some carpentry experience under your belt.
If you have already taken the shop class at your school, ask your teacher if you could be the teacher’s assistant (TA) for the class. While you will have to help grade papers and projects, you will also have access to the shop class’ tools and you may be able to work on your own projects during down time.
Find out if your school’s drama department offers a set building class. While this may not seem like the most direct route to becoming a carpenter, these classes will teach you the basics of carpentry while also allowing you to be a bit more creative than most shop classes.
2-2. Talk to someone about training programs.
Talk with your guidance counselor about getting into apprenticeships or vocational training programs. Chances are he or she will be able to help you find opportunities in your area that you may not have realized were available to you. Some schools offer Building Trades classes that show you all the various aspects of how to become a carpenter.
2-3. Find out if your community offers carpentry classes for beginners.
Some towns have community centers that will put on free or cheap classes teaching people the basics of an art. If carpentry is not an option, talk with the person in charge of setting up the classes and ask if there is a potential for a carpentry class to be hosted in the future.
You could also run a simple internet search to find out if there are any carpenters in your area that put on workshops or any classes you could attend.
2-4. Join a volunteer group that will help you gain experience.
Volunteer programs like Habitat for Humanity sponsor construction projects all the time that allow volunteers to get hands-on experience in the construction of buildings.
3. Becoming an Apprentice
3-1. Learn about apprenticeships.
Most new carpenters begin their formal training as apprentices. These apprenticeships normally last three or four years, with 144 hours practicing paid technical training and 2,000 hours of on-the-job training.
Technical training includes learning the basics of carpentry, how to read blueprints, what building code requirements are, safety regulations, and the math required to become a skilled carpenter.
Some apprentices will also receive specialized training. This includes rigging, learn how to build scaffolds, and working with concrete, among other topics.
3-2. Know what the requirements are to become an apprentice.
To become an apprentice, you have to meet several requirements. These include:
Having a high school diploma (or equivalent certification).
Being 18 or older.
Proof of residency in the country where you live (the US requires proof of citizenship.)
Passing a drug test.
Being physically able to do the hard work involved in carpentry.
3-3. Find an apprenticeship.
Look for carpentry apprenticeship programs offered by professional organizations such as Associated General Contractors, Associated Builders and Contractors and the National Association of Home Builders. There are also quite a few contractor associations and unions that sponsor apprenticeships. Run an internet search for more information.
Look locally. Another option is to try to find carpenters in your area who may take you on as an apprentice. Look for carpenters, contractors, construction companies, shipbuilding companies, etc. who may be looking for an apprentice.
4. Other Ways to Become a Carpenter
4-1. Become an on-the-job helper.
If you are unable to participate in an apprenticeship, look for opportunities to become an on-the-job helper. As a helper, you do not need to necessarily need to have a large amount of previous knowledge about carpentry. You can find listings for these types of positions in classifieds in your newspaper, as well as with your state’s employment service office or website.
While being a helper will not necessarily guarantee a well-rounded carpentry education, it can be a great way to supplement carpentry classes. There is also the potential for the person or company you help to be fully invested in teaching you the ins and outs of carpentry.
4-2. Enroll in a specialized carpentry school.
There thousands of schools that specialize in carpentry and help you attain your journeyman certificate. Look for schools in your area (or the area you would like to be in) by running an internet search with a phrase like “[Your State] carpentry schools”.
There are also trade schools that offer a variety of programs, including carpentry programs and courses. While these schools are not entirely focuses on carpentry, their programs can be just as credible and effective as those at schools dedicated entirely to carpentry.
4-3. Enroll in carpentry training classes offered by community colleges or universities.
These classes are usually part of an apprenticeship program that can apply toward receiving your journeyman certificate (which certifies you as a professional carpenter.) You can expect to be in the classroom part of the time learning math, communication and construction skills, as well as general carpentry knowledge. The rest of your day may either be in a shop setting or on the job putting your skills to work.
5. Job Opportunities for Carpenters
5-1. Find a job at an existing business that involves carpentry.
This could be a construction company, or a remodeling agency who fixes the structural integrity of a building, among many other opportunities. Because carpenters learn what it takes to get through the entire construction process, carpenters who display that skill often get promoted to superintendents or construction foremen.
5-2. Create your own carpentry business.
Perhaps you enjoy creating amazing pieces of wood furniture. Maybe you find that you’d rather be your own boss and think you have what it takes to start your own company. Great! You can learn more about starting your own business here.
5-3. Keep your skills fresh.
Take refresher courses periodically to learn about new pieces of equipment and construction techniques. You can find these courses at local community colleges. Equipment manufacturers often offer training, as well.
Keep up on new tools of the trade. New tools are constantly being developed to make carpentry projects more efficient. Even if you follow a different career path with the thought that you may go back to carpentry, it is still important to keep on the latest developments in the field. That way, if you do decide to pursue carpentry again, the transition back into that world will be much more fluid.
Read books about architectural design and watch videos on YouTube by good-quality carpenters showing different tricks of the trade.
Tips
Many carpenters specialize in one task. If you have multiple areas of expertise, when the job market becomes tight, you may have more work options open to you.
Learning a second language, especially Spanish, can help you find jobs in the carpentry field.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Basic Skill Set\\n1-1. Realize what a carpenter is.\\nA carpenter is someone who works with, builds, and fixes items and structures made out of wood. More than that, he or she is passionate about things built from wood. Carpenters are skilled with their hands and tend to work on and fix wooden structures like stairways and door frames, install things like cabinets and drywall, and work on building and repairing furniture.\\n1-2. Get physically fit\\nThis is a job that requires heavy lifting. You can expect to be on your feet most of the day doing active physical labor. You need a good sense of balance.\\nAside from being able to lift heavy things, you also need to have great hand-eye coordination. Carpenters use tools that require a good eye to avoid getting injured or damaging the wood.\\n1-3. Examine your educational strengths.\\nCarpenters need to be able to solve mathematical problems with ease. They also need good oral communication and language skills, and a good understanding of physical science can be helpful as well. A successful carpenter can see the big picture and not just the immediate assigned task. Other key carpenter characteristics include:\\nBeing detail-oriented. One of the most important parts of carpentry is being able to measure and cut pieces of wood to exact measurements: an entire building could be affected by an ill-measured stairway. Carpenters also need the ability to look at a wooden structure and assess any problems with it.\\nHaving problem-solving skills: Carpenters will face many problems while on the job. A board may break, or a tool may stall, and a carpenter will need to be able to recognize the problem and come up with a quick, effective solution.\\n1-4. Learn the basic tools carpenters use.\\nWhile there are hundreds of carpentry tools, there are certain tools that every aspiring carpenter needs to become intimately familiar with. These include:\\nA hammer. Hammering and pulling out nails is a big part of being a carpenter. A hammer and nails are important to any carpentry project.\\nA measuring tape. The ability to make precise measurements is one of the most important parts of being a great carpenter. If one measurement is off, the whole project could fail.\\nA saw. Carpentry wouldn’t be an art without the saw. There are many different kinds of saws. The most common is, fittingly, the universal saw. Practicing on one of these is a good place to start as an aspiring carpenter.\\nMarking tools. This is a fancy name for pens or pencils. Once you have made your measurement, you’ll need to mark where each piece of wood needs to be sawed, nailed, and so on.\\n A spirit level. Levels are the key to symmetry, straight lines, and general accuracy. If you place a spirit level on a plank you hold up to the wall, it will tell you whether or not it is perfectly horizontal.\\n2. Make Use of Vocational Training Programs in High School\\n2-1. See if your school offers basic shop classes.\\nHigh schools often offer shop classes that will teach you how to safely operate carpentry equipment such as saws and drills. It will also teach you the basics of simple carpentry and will allow you to get some carpentry experience under your belt.\\nIf you have already taken the shop class at your school, ask your teacher if you could be the teacher’s assistant (TA) for the class. While you will have to help grade papers and projects, you will also have access to the shop class’ tools and you may be able to work on your own projects during down time.\\nFind out if your school’s drama department offers a set building class. While this may not seem like the most direct route to becoming a carpenter, these classes will teach you the basics of carpentry while also allowing you to be a bit more creative than most shop classes.\\n2-2. Talk to someone about training programs.\\nTalk with your guidance counselor about getting into apprenticeships or vocational training programs. Chances are he or she will be able to help you find opportunities in your area that you may not have realized were available to you. Some schools offer Building Trades classes that show you all the various aspects of how to become a carpenter.\\n2-3. Find out if your community offers carpentry classes for beginners.\\nSome towns have community centers that will put on free or cheap classes teaching people the basics of an art. If carpentry is not an option, talk with the person in charge of setting up the classes and ask if there is a potential for a carpentry class to be hosted in the future.\\nYou could also run a simple internet search to find out if there are any carpenters in your area that put on workshops or any classes you could attend.\\n2-4. Join a volunteer group that will help you gain experience.\\nVolunteer programs like Habitat for Humanity sponsor construction projects all the time that allow volunteers to get hands-on experience in the construction of buildings.\\n3. Becoming an Apprentice\\n3-1. Learn about apprenticeships.\\nMost new carpenters begin their formal training as apprentices. These apprenticeships normally last three or four years, with 144 hours practicing paid technical training and 2,000 hours of on-the-job training.\\nTechnical training includes learning the basics of carpentry, how to read blueprints, what building code requirements are, safety regulations, and the math required to become a skilled carpenter.\\nSome apprentices will also receive specialized training. This includes rigging, learn how to build scaffolds, and working with concrete, among other topics.\\n3-2. Know what the requirements are to become an apprentice.\\nTo become an apprentice, you have to meet several requirements. These include:\\nHaving a high school diploma (or equivalent certification).\\nBeing 18 or older.\\nProof of residency in the country where you live (the US requires proof of citizenship.)\\nPassing a drug test.\\nBeing physically able to do the hard work involved in carpentry.\\n3-3. Find an apprenticeship.\\nLook for carpentry apprenticeship programs offered by professional organizations such as Associated General Contractors, Associated Builders and Contractors and the National Association of Home Builders. There are also quite a few contractor associations and unions that sponsor apprenticeships. Run an internet search for more information.\\nLook locally. Another option is to try to find carpenters in your area who may take you on as an apprentice. Look for carpenters, contractors, construction companies, shipbuilding companies, etc. who may be looking for an apprentice.\\n4. Other Ways to Become a Carpenter\\n4-1. Become an on-the-job helper.\\nIf you are unable to participate in an apprenticeship, look for opportunities to become an on-the-job helper. As a helper, you do not need to necessarily need to have a large amount of previous knowledge about carpentry. You can find listings for these types of positions in classifieds in your newspaper, as well as with your state’s employment service office or website.\\nWhile being a helper will not necessarily guarantee a well-rounded carpentry education, it can be a great way to supplement carpentry classes. There is also the potential for the person or company you help to be fully invested in teaching you the ins and outs of carpentry.\\n4-2. Enroll in a specialized carpentry school.\\nThere thousands of schools that specialize in carpentry and help you attain your journeyman certificate. Look for schools in your area (or the area you would like to be in) by running an internet search with a phrase like “[Your State] carpentry schools”.\\nThere are also trade schools that offer a variety of programs, including carpentry programs and courses. While these schools are not entirely focuses on carpentry, their programs can be just as credible and effective as those at schools dedicated entirely to carpentry.\\n4-3. Enroll in carpentry training classes offered by community colleges or universities.\\nThese classes are usually part of an apprenticeship program that can apply toward receiving your journeyman certificate (which certifies you as a professional carpenter.) You can expect to be in the classroom part of the time learning math, communication and construction skills, as well as general carpentry knowledge. The rest of your day may either be in a shop setting or on the job putting your skills to work.\\n5. Job Opportunities for Carpenters\\n5-1. Find a job at an existing business that involves carpentry.\\nThis could be a construction company, or a remodeling agency who fixes the structural integrity of a building, among many other opportunities. Because carpenters learn what it takes to get through the entire construction process, carpenters who display that skill often get promoted to superintendents or construction foremen.\\n5-2. Create your own carpentry business.\\nPerhaps you enjoy creating amazing pieces of wood furniture. Maybe you find that you’d rather be your own boss and think you have what it takes to start your own company. Great! You can learn more about starting your own business here.\\n5-3. Keep your skills fresh.\\nTake refresher courses periodically to learn about new pieces of equipment and construction techniques. You can find these courses at local community colleges. Equipment manufacturers often offer training, as well.\\nKeep up on new tools of the trade. New tools are constantly being developed to make carpentry projects more efficient. Even if you follow a different career path with the thought that you may go back to carpentry, it is still important to keep on the latest developments in the field. That way, if you do decide to pursue carpentry again, the transition back into that world will be much more fluid.\\nRead books about architectural design and watch videos on YouTube by good-quality carpenters showing different tricks of the trade.\\nTips\\nMany carpenters specialize in one task. If you have multiple areas of expertise, when the job market becomes tight, you may have more work options open to you.\\nLearning a second language, especially Spanish, can help you find jobs in the carpentry field.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"For thousands of years, carpenters have been producing awe-inspiring structures, beautiful pieces of furniture, and the everyday wooden items and buildings that are taken for granted. Although the path to entering this profession has, in many ways, stood the test of time, there are some nuances of which you should be aware while pursuing your career goals. There are also many doors that having carpentry skills will open for you. In this list, you will be given a rough idea of what being and becoming a carpenter looks like, as well as a few pointers to get you started-out on your journey.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Basic Skill Set\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Realize what a carpenter is.\", \"描述\": \"A carpenter is someone who works with, builds, and fixes items and structures made out of wood. More than that, he or she is passionate about things built from wood. Carpenters are skilled with their hands and tend to work on and fix wooden structures like stairways and door frames, install things like cabinets and drywall, and work on building and repairing furniture.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get physically fit\", \"描述\": \"This is a job that requires heavy lifting. You can expect to be on your feet most of the day doing active physical labor. You need a good sense of balance.\\nAside from being able to lift heavy things, you also need to have great hand-eye coordination. Carpenters use tools that require a good eye to avoid getting injured or damaging the wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Examine your educational strengths.\", \"描述\": \"Carpenters need to be able to solve mathematical problems with ease. They also need good oral communication and language skills, and a good understanding of physical science can be helpful as well. A successful carpenter can see the big picture and not just the immediate assigned task. Other key carpenter characteristics include:\\nBeing detail-oriented. One of the most important parts of carpentry is being able to measure and cut pieces of wood to exact measurements: an entire building could be affected by an ill-measured stairway. Carpenters also need the ability to look at a wooden structure and assess any problems with it.\\nHaving problem-solving skills: Carpenters will face many problems while on the job. A board may break, or a tool may stall, and a carpenter will need to be able to recognize the problem and come up with a quick, effective solution.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn the basic tools carpenters use.\", \"描述\": \"While there are hundreds of carpentry tools, there are certain tools that every aspiring carpenter needs to become intimately familiar with. These include:\\nA hammer. Hammering and pulling out nails is a big part of being a carpenter. A hammer and nails are important to any carpentry project.\\nA measuring tape. The ability to make precise measurements is one of the most important parts of being a great carpenter. If one measurement is off, the whole project could fail.\\nA saw. Carpentry wouldn’t be an art without the saw. There are many different kinds of saws. The most common is, fittingly, the universal saw. Practicing on one of these is a good place to start as an aspiring carpenter.\\nMarking tools. This is a fancy name for pens or pencils. Once you have made your measurement, you’ll need to mark where each piece of wood needs to be sawed, nailed, and so on.\\n A spirit level. Levels are the key to symmetry, straight lines, and general accuracy. If you place a spirit level on a plank you hold up to the wall, it will tell you whether or not it is perfectly horizontal.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make Use of Vocational Training Programs in High School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"See if your school offers basic shop classes.\", \"描述\": \"High schools often offer shop classes that will teach you how to safely operate carpentry equipment such as saws and drills. It will also teach you the basics of simple carpentry and will allow you to get some carpentry experience under your belt.\\nIf you have already taken the shop class at your school, ask your teacher if you could be the teacher’s assistant (TA) for the class. While you will have to help grade papers and projects, you will also have access to the shop class’ tools and you may be able to work on your own projects during down time.\\nFind out if your school’s drama department offers a set building class. While this may not seem like the most direct route to becoming a carpenter, these classes will teach you the basics of carpentry while also allowing you to be a bit more creative than most shop classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to someone about training programs.\", \"描述\": \"Talk with your guidance counselor about getting into apprenticeships or vocational training programs. Chances are he or she will be able to help you find opportunities in your area that you may not have realized were available to you. Some schools offer Building Trades classes that show you all the various aspects of how to become a carpenter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find out if your community offers carpentry classes for beginners.\", \"描述\": \"Some towns have community centers that will put on free or cheap classes teaching people the basics of an art. If carpentry is not an option, talk with the person in charge of setting up the classes and ask if there is a potential for a carpentry class to be hosted in the future.\\nYou could also run a simple internet search to find out if there are any carpenters in your area that put on workshops or any classes you could attend.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join a volunteer group that will help you gain experience.\", \"描述\": \"Volunteer programs like Habitat for Humanity sponsor construction projects all the time that allow volunteers to get hands-on experience in the construction of buildings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Apprentice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn about apprenticeships.\", \"描述\": \"Most new carpenters begin their formal training as apprentices. These apprenticeships normally last three or four years, with 144 hours practicing paid technical training and 2,000 hours of on-the-job training.\\nTechnical training includes learning the basics of carpentry, how to read blueprints, what building code requirements are, safety regulations, and the math required to become a skilled carpenter.\\nSome apprentices will also receive specialized training. This includes rigging, learn how to build scaffolds, and working with concrete, among other topics.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know what the requirements are to become an apprentice.\", \"描述\": \"To become an apprentice, you have to meet several requirements. These include:\\nHaving a high school diploma (or equivalent certification).\\nBeing 18 or older.\\nProof of residency in the country where you live (the US requires proof of citizenship.)\\nPassing a drug test.\\nBeing physically able to do the hard work involved in carpentry.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find an apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"Look for carpentry apprenticeship programs offered by professional organizations such as Associated General Contractors, Associated Builders and Contractors and the National Association of Home Builders. There are also quite a few contractor associations and unions that sponsor apprenticeships. Run an internet search for more information.\\nLook locally. Another option is to try to find carpenters in your area who may take you on as an apprentice. Look for carpenters, contractors, construction companies, shipbuilding companies, etc. who may be looking for an apprentice.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Other Ways to Become a Carpenter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become an on-the-job helper.\", \"描述\": \"If you are unable to participate in an apprenticeship, look for opportunities to become an on-the-job helper. As a helper, you do not need to necessarily need to have a large amount of previous knowledge about carpentry. You can find listings for these types of positions in classifieds in your newspaper, as well as with your state’s employment service office or website.\\nWhile being a helper will not necessarily guarantee a well-rounded carpentry education, it can be a great way to supplement carpentry classes. There is also the potential for the person or company you help to be fully invested in teaching you the ins and outs of carpentry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a specialized carpentry school.\", \"描述\": \"There thousands of schools that specialize in carpentry and help you attain your journeyman certificate. Look for schools in your area (or the area you would like to be in) by running an internet search with a phrase like “[Your State] carpentry schools”.\\nThere are also trade schools that offer a variety of programs, including carpentry programs and courses. While these schools are not entirely focuses on carpentry, their programs can be just as credible and effective as those at schools dedicated entirely to carpentry.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in carpentry training classes offered by community colleges or universities.\", \"描述\": \"These classes are usually part of an apprenticeship program that can apply toward receiving your journeyman certificate (which certifies you as a professional carpenter.) You can expect to be in the classroom part of the time learning math, communication and construction skills, as well as general carpentry knowledge. The rest of your day may either be in a shop setting or on the job putting your skills to work.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Job Opportunities for Carpenters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job at an existing business that involves carpentry.\", \"描述\": \"This could be a construction company, or a remodeling agency who fixes the structural integrity of a building, among many other opportunities. Because carpenters learn what it takes to get through the entire construction process, carpenters who display that skill often get promoted to superintendents or construction foremen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create your own carpentry business.\", \"描述\": \"Perhaps you enjoy creating amazing pieces of wood furniture. Maybe you find that you’d rather be your own boss and think you have what it takes to start your own company. Great! You can learn more about starting your own business here.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your skills fresh.\", \"描述\": \"Take refresher courses periodically to learn about new pieces of equipment and construction techniques. You can find these courses at local community colleges. Equipment manufacturers often offer training, as well.\\nKeep up on new tools of the trade. New tools are constantly being developed to make carpentry projects more efficient. Even if you follow a different career path with the thought that you may go back to carpentry, it is still important to keep on the latest developments in the field. That way, if you do decide to pursue carpentry again, the transition back into that world will be much more fluid.\\nRead books about architectural design and watch videos on YouTube by good-quality carpenters showing different tricks of the trade.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Many carpenters specialize in one task. If you have multiple areas of expertise, when the job market becomes tight, you may have more work options open to you.\\n\", \"Learning a second language, especially Spanish, can help you find jobs in the carpentry field.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,243 |
How to Become a Caterer
|
1. Preparing for the Job
1-1. Decide where you want to work.
There are different types of catering, including working for a restaurant and working from home. Be sure to read the requirements for your chosen place, as many cities will require you to have taken some food safety courses.
If you want to start your own business, you will most likely need a physical shop as well. This means you will have to follow health and building codes. You will also need a small business license.
If you want to run an at-home catering service, you will need two kitchens: your home kitchen and your work kitchen. You will also need a food service operating license. Lastly, you will need to be able to manage waiters, drivers, cleaners, and so forth.
1-2. Be able to handle pressure and sudden issues.
You will have to know how to deal with staff not showing up, picky and rude clients, and food getting burnt or ruined. You will need a few backup plans at all times, so being creative and knowing how to improvise is a must. If you do not handle stressful situations like these well, your business will falter.
1-3. Know that catering is often more than just preparing food.
Many caterers also have to take part in coming up with the decorations, especially for themed parties. For this reason, taking a few business and marketing classes might be a good idea.
1-4. Get a food service operating license or permit.
Most states and countries will require caterers to have some sort of license, which will allow them to work legally. The license you get will depend on where you live, and what sort of catering job you want.
2. Getting the Job
2-1. Get practice with people you know.
If you want to start a catering business, you can build a client base by catering for your family, friends, and neighbors. Be sure to ask them to give you good, but honest, feedback about your performance. Also, ask them to keep some of your business cards so that they can give them away to potential clients.
2-2. Consider an apprenticeship or internship.
This will allow you to train and perfect your skills while getting the qualifications you need. Many internships are unpaid, but they give you valuable experience and references. Some internships might also end with a job offer.
There are some basic cocktails with which every bartender should be familiar. For example, cape cod and vodka cranberry.
They should learn from the bartenders working there what are the most ordered drinks.
Then get into a more expert, higher level of things like a French 75 or playing with different flavors
2-3. Know that you may need to open up a restaurant or bakery.
Not all food can be made at the event, and certain items, such as cakes and pastries, need to be prepared beforehand. A restaurant or bakery will allow you to do this. It will also help you get more customers. Anyone who eats at your restaurant may decide to use your catering service at his or her next event.
2-4. Think about partnering with a restaurant.
You won't get to choose your menu; you will have to use the restaurant's food instead. You won't be your own boss, but you also won't have to run an entire business. Lastly, you won't need to cook as much since the food will be provided by the restaurant. If you enjoy doing events but the idea of making food stresses you, this may work for you.
3. Keeping the Job
3-1. Always have good customer service.
Treat everyone equally and always be polite, even if they are rude to you. Greet your clients and guests with a friendly smile. An unfriendly attitude may lose you clients, even if your food is perfect.
3-2. Use social media.
Create an account on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, or Pintrest and post photos of your dishes. Post a few photos of your business at various events so that your clients can see how you do things like decorations.
3-3. Create a website.
Post your menu, prices, and lots of clear photos. The website should be neat and well organized. Be sure to include your email and phone number. The more ways people have of reaching you, the better.
Try adding pictures of your business at events. This will show people how popular you are.
3-4. Think about using business cards.
They may seem old-fashioned, but they are small and easy to carry. The next time you cater an event, bring a stack of business cards with you. One of the guests might just need a caterer at his or her next event!
3-5. Always be on time and well-prepared.
If you are late, your client will lose faith in you and might leave a bad review of your business. Also, make sure that you have everything you need before going to the event. This will prevent any last minute runs to the store and keep things running smoothly.
If you are running late, be sure to call your client and let them know. Apologize and offer a discount. Even if it is not your fault, the thoughtful offer will display good customer service. It may also make your client feel better.
3-6. Don't be afraid to add new things to your menu.
Just don't take away anything that is popular and well-liked. This way, if the new dish does not work out, people will have something familiar and well-recommended to fall back on.
Consider doing seasonal specials. Keep a year-round menu, but include a few items that are only available during the Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer.
Tips
NOTE: In the USA and in many other places, you need to cook in a licensed kitchen. That means finding a local hall which has been licensed. In the UK and elsewhere, you need to register with the local council or town hall, but the restrictions are less stringent. Check with local laws.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for the Job\\n1-1. Decide where you want to work.\\nThere are different types of catering, including working for a restaurant and working from home. Be sure to read the requirements for your chosen place, as many cities will require you to have taken some food safety courses.\\nIf you want to start your own business, you will most likely need a physical shop as well. This means you will have to follow health and building codes. You will also need a small business license.\\nIf you want to run an at-home catering service, you will need two kitchens: your home kitchen and your work kitchen. You will also need a food service operating license. Lastly, you will need to be able to manage waiters, drivers, cleaners, and so forth.\\n1-2. Be able to handle pressure and sudden issues.\\nYou will have to know how to deal with staff not showing up, picky and rude clients, and food getting burnt or ruined. You will need a few backup plans at all times, so being creative and knowing how to improvise is a must. If you do not handle stressful situations like these well, your business will falter.\\n1-3. Know that catering is often more than just preparing food.\\nMany caterers also have to take part in coming up with the decorations, especially for themed parties. For this reason, taking a few business and marketing classes might be a good idea.\\n1-4. Get a food service operating license or permit.\\nMost states and countries will require caterers to have some sort of license, which will allow them to work legally. The license you get will depend on where you live, and what sort of catering job you want.\\n2. Getting the Job\\n2-1. Get practice with people you know.\\nIf you want to start a catering business, you can build a client base by catering for your family, friends, and neighbors. Be sure to ask them to give you good, but honest, feedback about your performance. Also, ask them to keep some of your business cards so that they can give them away to potential clients.\\n2-2. Consider an apprenticeship or internship.\\nThis will allow you to train and perfect your skills while getting the qualifications you need. Many internships are unpaid, but they give you valuable experience and references. Some internships might also end with a job offer.\\nThere are some basic cocktails with which every bartender should be familiar. For example, cape cod and vodka cranberry.\\nThey should learn from the bartenders working there what are the most ordered drinks.\\nThen get into a more expert, higher level of things like a French 75 or playing with different flavors\\n2-3. Know that you may need to open up a restaurant or bakery.\\nNot all food can be made at the event, and certain items, such as cakes and pastries, need to be prepared beforehand. A restaurant or bakery will allow you to do this. It will also help you get more customers. Anyone who eats at your restaurant may decide to use your catering service at his or her next event.\\n2-4. Think about partnering with a restaurant.\\nYou won't get to choose your menu; you will have to use the restaurant's food instead. You won't be your own boss, but you also won't have to run an entire business. Lastly, you won't need to cook as much since the food will be provided by the restaurant. If you enjoy doing events but the idea of making food stresses you, this may work for you.\\n3. Keeping the Job\\n3-1. Always have good customer service.\\nTreat everyone equally and always be polite, even if they are rude to you. Greet your clients and guests with a friendly smile. An unfriendly attitude may lose you clients, even if your food is perfect.\\n3-2. Use social media.\\nCreate an account on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, or Pintrest and post photos of your dishes. Post a few photos of your business at various events so that your clients can see how you do things like decorations.\\n3-3. Create a website.\\nPost your menu, prices, and lots of clear photos. The website should be neat and well organized. Be sure to include your email and phone number. The more ways people have of reaching you, the better.\\nTry adding pictures of your business at events. This will show people how popular you are.\\n3-4. Think about using business cards.\\nThey may seem old-fashioned, but they are small and easy to carry. The next time you cater an event, bring a stack of business cards with you. One of the guests might just need a caterer at his or her next event!\\n3-5. Always be on time and well-prepared.\\nIf you are late, your client will lose faith in you and might leave a bad review of your business. Also, make sure that you have everything you need before going to the event. This will prevent any last minute runs to the store and keep things running smoothly.\\nIf you are running late, be sure to call your client and let them know. Apologize and offer a discount. Even if it is not your fault, the thoughtful offer will display good customer service. It may also make your client feel better.\\n3-6. Don't be afraid to add new things to your menu.\\nJust don't take away anything that is popular and well-liked. This way, if the new dish does not work out, people will have something familiar and well-recommended to fall back on.\\nConsider doing seasonal specials. Keep a year-round menu, but include a few items that are only available during the Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer.\\nTips\\nNOTE: In the USA and in many other places, you need to cook in a licensed kitchen. That means finding a local hall which has been licensed. In the UK and elsewhere, you need to register with the local council or town hall, but the restrictions are less stringent. Check with local laws.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Catering is a challenging and demanding job, but it can be deeply rewarding and profitable if you have a passion for food! If you’re interested in setting up a catering business, you’ll need to acquire a business license and follow your local jurisdiction’s regulations for setting up a catering business. If you want to know more about how to become a licensed caterer, we’ll walk you through the process.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide where you want to work.\", \"描述\": \"There are different types of catering, including working for a restaurant and working from home. Be sure to read the requirements for your chosen place, as many cities will require you to have taken some food safety courses.\\nIf you want to start your own business, you will most likely need a physical shop as well. This means you will have to follow health and building codes. You will also need a small business license.\\nIf you want to run an at-home catering service, you will need two kitchens: your home kitchen and your work kitchen. You will also need a food service operating license. Lastly, you will need to be able to manage waiters, drivers, cleaners, and so forth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be able to handle pressure and sudden issues.\", \"描述\": \"You will have to know how to deal with staff not showing up, picky and rude clients, and food getting burnt or ruined. You will need a few backup plans at all times, so being creative and knowing how to improvise is a must. If you do not handle stressful situations like these well, your business will falter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know that catering is often more than just preparing food.\", \"描述\": \"Many caterers also have to take part in coming up with the decorations, especially for themed parties. For this reason, taking a few business and marketing classes might be a good idea.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a food service operating license or permit.\", \"描述\": \"Most states and countries will require caterers to have some sort of license, which will allow them to work legally. The license you get will depend on where you live, and what sort of catering job you want.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get practice with people you know.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to start a catering business, you can build a client base by catering for your family, friends, and neighbors. Be sure to ask them to give you good, but honest, feedback about your performance. Also, ask them to keep some of your business cards so that they can give them away to potential clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider an apprenticeship or internship.\", \"描述\": \"This will allow you to train and perfect your skills while getting the qualifications you need. Many internships are unpaid, but they give you valuable experience and references. Some internships might also end with a job offer.\\nThere are some basic cocktails with which every bartender should be familiar. For example, cape cod and vodka cranberry.\\nThey should learn from the bartenders working there what are the most ordered drinks.\\nThen get into a more expert, higher level of things like a French 75 or playing with different flavors\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know that you may need to open up a restaurant or bakery.\", \"描述\": \"Not all food can be made at the event, and certain items, such as cakes and pastries, need to be prepared beforehand. A restaurant or bakery will allow you to do this. It will also help you get more customers. Anyone who eats at your restaurant may decide to use your catering service at his or her next event.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about partnering with a restaurant.\", \"描述\": \"You won't get to choose your menu; you will have to use the restaurant's food instead. You won't be your own boss, but you also won't have to run an entire business. Lastly, you won't need to cook as much since the food will be provided by the restaurant. If you enjoy doing events but the idea of making food stresses you, this may work for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keeping the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Always have good customer service.\", \"描述\": \"Treat everyone equally and always be polite, even if they are rude to you. Greet your clients and guests with a friendly smile. An unfriendly attitude may lose you clients, even if your food is perfect.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use social media.\", \"描述\": \"Create an account on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, or Pintrest and post photos of your dishes. Post a few photos of your business at various events so that your clients can see how you do things like decorations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create a website.\", \"描述\": \"Post your menu, prices, and lots of clear photos. The website should be neat and well organized. Be sure to include your email and phone number. The more ways people have of reaching you, the better.\\nTry adding pictures of your business at events. This will show people how popular you are.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about using business cards.\", \"描述\": \"They may seem old-fashioned, but they are small and easy to carry. The next time you cater an event, bring a stack of business cards with you. One of the guests might just need a caterer at his or her next event!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Always be on time and well-prepared.\", \"描述\": \"If you are late, your client will lose faith in you and might leave a bad review of your business. Also, make sure that you have everything you need before going to the event. This will prevent any last minute runs to the store and keep things running smoothly.\\nIf you are running late, be sure to call your client and let them know. Apologize and offer a discount. Even if it is not your fault, the thoughtful offer will display good customer service. It may also make your client feel better.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don't be afraid to add new things to your menu.\", \"描述\": \"Just don't take away anything that is popular and well-liked. This way, if the new dish does not work out, people will have something familiar and well-recommended to fall back on.\\nConsider doing seasonal specials. Keep a year-round menu, but include a few items that are only available during the Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"NOTE: In the USA and in many other places, you need to cook in a licensed kitchen. That means finding a local hall which has been licensed. In the UK and elsewhere, you need to register with the local council or town hall, but the restrictions are less stringent. Check with local laws.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,244 |
How to Become a Catholic Priest
|
1. Entering the Clergy at a Young Age
1-1. Meet the basic requirements.
In the Roman Catholic Church, a priest must be male and unmarried. Many Eastern Catholic Churches will ordain married men.
You must be at least 25 years old to become a priest, but this is rarely an issue unless you complete your studies unusually early.
1-2. Get involved at your parish.
Before you even think about going to college or to the seminary, it's a good idea to get started helping out at your parish. The longer your history as a practicing Catholic in good standing, the easier it will be to enter the priesthood.
Get to know your favorite priest. Tell him your interests in joining the seminary and see if you can assist him during services or when he goes to visit sick members of the church or participates in area activities.
In addition to altar services, help out with singing and reading. Getting thorough knowledge of the books and hymnal will make everything much easier down the road.
1-3. Assess your beliefs.
Becoming a priest is not a decision to take lightly -- it is a path that takes years to complete and is not for the faint of heart or belief. If you at all see yourself doing anything else, priesthood may not be for you. These sources of insight may help you make your decision:
Pray for God's assistance in discerning your situation.
Go to church to pray the rosary and listen to Mass every day, not only on Sundays.
Participate in mass regularly, developing a relationship with your parish's clergy.
Ask for advice from a vocational director or any trusted mentor within the church.
1-4. Attend college (recommended).
A bachelor degree typically makes it easier to enter seminary, and reduces the length of seminary studies by a couple years. A degree in philosophy or theology prepares you best, but a degree in any subject can demonstrate your dedication and ability.
While in college, get involved in your campus' ministry. Use this time to attend retreats, help other students, and connect with your new parish or diocese.
1-5. Enter a seminary.
Apply to seminaries through your diocese or through the religious order. If at all possible, enter a seminary that awards a Master of Divinity, and is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools (if you are in the US or Canada). Ask your parish how to get started.
Every school has a different application process. You may need reference letters, proof of church involvement, a certain GPA, and a statement of interest, to name the basics.
The questions may cover physical health, emotional well being, conformity of behavior with Catholic tradition, and broad knowledge of Church doctrine.
1-6. Excel in seminary school.
In seminary, you'll spend your years studying philosophy, Latin, Greek, Gregorian chants, dogmatic and moral theology, exegesis, canon law, and church history, just to get you started. Program length varies based on prior education and the amount of time you can devote to it, but a typical student enrolls in four years of graduate-level theology, and zero to four years of undergraduate philosophy and/or spiritual years.
You will also be attending retreats, conferences, and workshops as regular aspects of your training. You'll be guided on meditation and solitude and be given adequate time to hone your public speaking skills.
1-7. Become ordained as deacon.
After completing seminary, a bishop may call you to Holy Orders and ordain you to the ministry. You will now serve as a deacon for at least six months.
Don't worry too much about whether you will be ordained. If there are issues that could prevent your ordination, you will likely discover them during seminary.
If you are not chosen to be a priest or you leave seminary early, you may be able to request a refund of the tuition. The response depends on seminary policy and your financial situation.
1-8. Enter the priesthood.
Depending on your country's tradition, you may enter the priesthood after a relatively short term, or choose to remain as a deacon permanently. There are multiple forms of priesthood, which you will learn about in detail during seminary:
Diocesan priests serve the Church in a geographic area. This includes parish priests, chaplains, and religious teachers, among others. They promise celibacy and obedience.
Religious priests join the global community of a religious order or congregation, such as the Benedictines or Franciscans. These priests make formal vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, with some variation among different orders.
2. Becoming a Priest Later in Life
2-1. Learn the requirements of specific communities.
The Catholic Church does not set a maximum age on ordination. However, specific dioceses and religious communities do not accept applicants above a certain age. when there is a limit, this is usually in the range of 40 to 55 years.
You must be male and unmarried. Widowers are accepted, but typically not within a year or two of the spouse's death. Divorcées must apply for annulment. Some Eastern Catholic Churches have different regulations and ordain married men, and (rarely) a married man ordained in another Christian community may convert and become a Catholic priest.
2-2. Consider your life experiences.
Parishioners may feel more comfortable with an older priest who shares more of their life experiences. In particular, the priesthood needs individuals who demonstrate human, intellectual, spiritual, and pastoral qualities. If you can demonstrate these qualities in at least one or two areas, you are much more likely to be accepted by a seminary, have your financial burden sponsored, and eventually become ordained.
Educational and career experience may help, but your personal life can be a source of strength as well. For example, teaching, providing emotional and spiritual guidance, or contributing to your community can all help prepare you.
2-3. Enter seminary.
Seminary provides rigorous education at a graduate level, which may be daunting if your school years are deep in your past. Talk to mentors in the church to find seminaries that cater to older students. You may also find a seminary specializing in counseling, teaching, or another area that fits your life skills.
You may enter seminary without a bachelor's degree, but it will be more difficult to get in, and the length of your education will typically increase to eight years.
2-4. Become ordained.
After you complete seminary, a bishop can ordain you into the Catholic ministry. You will first serve as a deacon for at least six months. After this service, you may be ordained as a diocesan priest serving a parish or other local area; or take vows and live in a religious community.
Tips
The terms "vocation" and "discernment" may come in handy: A "vocation," according to the Church, is a calling. Everyone has a universal call to be holy, but each person in a different way--vocations include religious life, priesthood, single life, and marriage. "Discernment" is the life-long process of figuring out God's will through prayer and spiritual direction. Discernment takes a lot of patience.
You may suspect you are called to the priesthood shortly after conversion. This is not uncommon, but you may wish to talk with mentors in your church about the possible vocation.
You do not need to be 100% certain about your vocation to enter the seminary or novitiate.
Warnings
The Catholic Church is a global institution with many traditions. It's best to speak to a local priest to find out more about this process in your region.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Entering the Clergy at a Young Age\\n1-1. Meet the basic requirements.\\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, a priest must be male and unmarried. Many Eastern Catholic Churches will ordain married men.\\nYou must be at least 25 years old to become a priest, but this is rarely an issue unless you complete your studies unusually early.\\n1-2. Get involved at your parish.\\nBefore you even think about going to college or to the seminary, it's a good idea to get started helping out at your parish. The longer your history as a practicing Catholic in good standing, the easier it will be to enter the priesthood.\\nGet to know your favorite priest. Tell him your interests in joining the seminary and see if you can assist him during services or when he goes to visit sick members of the church or participates in area activities.\\nIn addition to altar services, help out with singing and reading. Getting thorough knowledge of the books and hymnal will make everything much easier down the road.\\n1-3. Assess your beliefs.\\nBecoming a priest is not a decision to take lightly -- it is a path that takes years to complete and is not for the faint of heart or belief. If you at all see yourself doing anything else, priesthood may not be for you. These sources of insight may help you make your decision:\\n\\nPray for God's assistance in discerning your situation.\\nGo to church to pray the rosary and listen to Mass every day, not only on Sundays.\\nParticipate in mass regularly, developing a relationship with your parish's clergy.\\nAsk for advice from a vocational director or any trusted mentor within the church.\\n1-4. Attend college (recommended).\\nA bachelor degree typically makes it easier to enter seminary, and reduces the length of seminary studies by a couple years. A degree in philosophy or theology prepares you best, but a degree in any subject can demonstrate your dedication and ability.\\nWhile in college, get involved in your campus' ministry. Use this time to attend retreats, help other students, and connect with your new parish or diocese.\\n1-5. Enter a seminary.\\nApply to seminaries through your diocese or through the religious order. If at all possible, enter a seminary that awards a Master of Divinity, and is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools (if you are in the US or Canada). Ask your parish how to get started.\\nEvery school has a different application process. You may need reference letters, proof of church involvement, a certain GPA, and a statement of interest, to name the basics.\\nThe questions may cover physical health, emotional well being, conformity of behavior with Catholic tradition, and broad knowledge of Church doctrine.\\n1-6. Excel in seminary school.\\nIn seminary, you'll spend your years studying philosophy, Latin, Greek, Gregorian chants, dogmatic and moral theology, exegesis, canon law, and church history, just to get you started. Program length varies based on prior education and the amount of time you can devote to it, but a typical student enrolls in four years of graduate-level theology, and zero to four years of undergraduate philosophy and/or spiritual years.\\nYou will also be attending retreats, conferences, and workshops as regular aspects of your training. You'll be guided on meditation and solitude and be given adequate time to hone your public speaking skills.\\n1-7. Become ordained as deacon.\\nAfter completing seminary, a bishop may call you to Holy Orders and ordain you to the ministry. You will now serve as a deacon for at least six months.\\nDon't worry too much about whether you will be ordained. If there are issues that could prevent your ordination, you will likely discover them during seminary.\\nIf you are not chosen to be a priest or you leave seminary early, you may be able to request a refund of the tuition. The response depends on seminary policy and your financial situation.\\n1-8. Enter the priesthood.\\nDepending on your country's tradition, you may enter the priesthood after a relatively short term, or choose to remain as a deacon permanently. There are multiple forms of priesthood, which you will learn about in detail during seminary:\\nDiocesan priests serve the Church in a geographic area. This includes parish priests, chaplains, and religious teachers, among others. They promise celibacy and obedience.\\nReligious priests join the global community of a religious order or congregation, such as the Benedictines or Franciscans. These priests make formal vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, with some variation among different orders.\\n2. Becoming a Priest Later in Life\\n2-1. Learn the requirements of specific communities.\\nThe Catholic Church does not set a maximum age on ordination. However, specific dioceses and religious communities do not accept applicants above a certain age. when there is a limit, this is usually in the range of 40 to 55 years.\\nYou must be male and unmarried. Widowers are accepted, but typically not within a year or two of the spouse's death. Divorcées must apply for annulment. Some Eastern Catholic Churches have different regulations and ordain married men, and (rarely) a married man ordained in another Christian community may convert and become a Catholic priest.\\n2-2. Consider your life experiences.\\nParishioners may feel more comfortable with an older priest who shares more of their life experiences. In particular, the priesthood needs individuals who demonstrate human, intellectual, spiritual, and pastoral qualities. If you can demonstrate these qualities in at least one or two areas, you are much more likely to be accepted by a seminary, have your financial burden sponsored, and eventually become ordained.\\nEducational and career experience may help, but your personal life can be a source of strength as well. For example, teaching, providing emotional and spiritual guidance, or contributing to your community can all help prepare you.\\n2-3. Enter seminary.\\nSeminary provides rigorous education at a graduate level, which may be daunting if your school years are deep in your past. Talk to mentors in the church to find seminaries that cater to older students. You may also find a seminary specializing in counseling, teaching, or another area that fits your life skills.\\nYou may enter seminary without a bachelor's degree, but it will be more difficult to get in, and the length of your education will typically increase to eight years.\\n2-4. Become ordained.\\nAfter you complete seminary, a bishop can ordain you into the Catholic ministry. You will first serve as a deacon for at least six months. After this service, you may be ordained as a diocesan priest serving a parish or other local area; or take vows and live in a religious community.\\nTips\\nThe terms \\\"vocation\\\" and \\\"discernment\\\" may come in handy: A \\\"vocation,\\\" according to the Church, is a calling. Everyone has a universal call to be holy, but each person in a different way--vocations include religious life, priesthood, single life, and marriage. \\\"Discernment\\\" is the life-long process of figuring out God's will through prayer and spiritual direction. Discernment takes a lot of patience.\\nYou may suspect you are called to the priesthood shortly after conversion. This is not uncommon, but you may wish to talk with mentors in your church about the possible vocation.\\nYou do not need to be 100% certain about your vocation to enter the seminary or novitiate.\\nWarnings\\nThe Catholic Church is a global institution with many traditions. It's best to speak to a local priest to find out more about this process in your region.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a Catholic priest is a serious decision. If you feel God's calling and believe that a life of celibacy and devotion to God is for you, this may be the path you are meant to make. The life of a Catholic priest is a calling to serve God as well as those in need around you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Entering the Clergy at a Young Age\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the basic requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In the Roman Catholic Church, a priest must be male and unmarried. Many Eastern Catholic Churches will ordain married men.\\nYou must be at least 25 years old to become a priest, but this is rarely an issue unless you complete your studies unusually early.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get involved at your parish.\", \"描述\": \"Before you even think about going to college or to the seminary, it's a good idea to get started helping out at your parish. The longer your history as a practicing Catholic in good standing, the easier it will be to enter the priesthood.\\nGet to know your favorite priest. Tell him your interests in joining the seminary and see if you can assist him during services or when he goes to visit sick members of the church or participates in area activities.\\nIn addition to altar services, help out with singing and reading. Getting thorough knowledge of the books and hymnal will make everything much easier down the road.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assess your beliefs.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a priest is not a decision to take lightly -- it is a path that takes years to complete and is not for the faint of heart or belief. If you at all see yourself doing anything else, priesthood may not be for you. These sources of insight may help you make your decision:\\n\\nPray for God's assistance in discerning your situation.\\nGo to church to pray the rosary and listen to Mass every day, not only on Sundays.\\nParticipate in mass regularly, developing a relationship with your parish's clergy.\\nAsk for advice from a vocational director or any trusted mentor within the church.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend college (recommended).\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor degree typically makes it easier to enter seminary, and reduces the length of seminary studies by a couple years. A degree in philosophy or theology prepares you best, but a degree in any subject can demonstrate your dedication and ability.\\nWhile in college, get involved in your campus' ministry. Use this time to attend retreats, help other students, and connect with your new parish or diocese.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enter a seminary.\", \"描述\": \"Apply to seminaries through your diocese or through the religious order. If at all possible, enter a seminary that awards a Master of Divinity, and is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools (if you are in the US or Canada). Ask your parish how to get started.\\nEvery school has a different application process. You may need reference letters, proof of church involvement, a certain GPA, and a statement of interest, to name the basics.\\nThe questions may cover physical health, emotional well being, conformity of behavior with Catholic tradition, and broad knowledge of Church doctrine.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Excel in seminary school.\", \"描述\": \"In seminary, you'll spend your years studying philosophy, Latin, Greek, Gregorian chants, dogmatic and moral theology, exegesis, canon law, and church history, just to get you started. Program length varies based on prior education and the amount of time you can devote to it, but a typical student enrolls in four years of graduate-level theology, and zero to four years of undergraduate philosophy and/or spiritual years.\\nYou will also be attending retreats, conferences, and workshops as regular aspects of your training. You'll be guided on meditation and solitude and be given adequate time to hone your public speaking skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Become ordained as deacon.\", \"描述\": \"After completing seminary, a bishop may call you to Holy Orders and ordain you to the ministry. You will now serve as a deacon for at least six months.\\nDon't worry too much about whether you will be ordained. If there are issues that could prevent your ordination, you will likely discover them during seminary.\\nIf you are not chosen to be a priest or you leave seminary early, you may be able to request a refund of the tuition. The response depends on seminary policy and your financial situation.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Enter the priesthood.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your country's tradition, you may enter the priesthood after a relatively short term, or choose to remain as a deacon permanently. There are multiple forms of priesthood, which you will learn about in detail during seminary:\\nDiocesan priests serve the Church in a geographic area. This includes parish priests, chaplains, and religious teachers, among others. They promise celibacy and obedience.\\nReligious priests join the global community of a religious order or congregation, such as the Benedictines or Franciscans. These priests make formal vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, with some variation among different orders.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Priest Later in Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the requirements of specific communities.\", \"描述\": \"The Catholic Church does not set a maximum age on ordination. However, specific dioceses and religious communities do not accept applicants above a certain age. when there is a limit, this is usually in the range of 40 to 55 years.\\nYou must be male and unmarried. Widowers are accepted, but typically not within a year or two of the spouse's death. Divorcées must apply for annulment. Some Eastern Catholic Churches have different regulations and ordain married men, and (rarely) a married man ordained in another Christian community may convert and become a Catholic priest.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider your life experiences.\", \"描述\": \"Parishioners may feel more comfortable with an older priest who shares more of their life experiences. In particular, the priesthood needs individuals who demonstrate human, intellectual, spiritual, and pastoral qualities. If you can demonstrate these qualities in at least one or two areas, you are much more likely to be accepted by a seminary, have your financial burden sponsored, and eventually become ordained.\\nEducational and career experience may help, but your personal life can be a source of strength as well. For example, teaching, providing emotional and spiritual guidance, or contributing to your community can all help prepare you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter seminary.\", \"描述\": \"Seminary provides rigorous education at a graduate level, which may be daunting if your school years are deep in your past. Talk to mentors in the church to find seminaries that cater to older students. You may also find a seminary specializing in counseling, teaching, or another area that fits your life skills.\\nYou may enter seminary without a bachelor's degree, but it will be more difficult to get in, and the length of your education will typically increase to eight years.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become ordained.\", \"描述\": \"After you complete seminary, a bishop can ordain you into the Catholic ministry. You will first serve as a deacon for at least six months. After this service, you may be ordained as a diocesan priest serving a parish or other local area; or take vows and live in a religious community.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The terms \\\"vocation\\\" and \\\"discernment\\\" may come in handy: A \\\"vocation,\\\" according to the Church, is a calling. Everyone has a universal call to be holy, but each person in a different way--vocations include religious life, priesthood, single life, and marriage. \\\"Discernment\\\" is the life-long process of figuring out God's will through prayer and spiritual direction. Discernment takes a lot of patience.\\n\", \"You may suspect you are called to the priesthood shortly after conversion. This is not uncommon, but you may wish to talk with mentors in your church about the possible vocation.\\n\", \"You do not need to be 100% certain about your vocation to enter the seminary or novitiate.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"The Catholic Church is a global institution with many traditions. It's best to speak to a local priest to find out more about this process in your region.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,245 |
How to Become a Celebrity
|
1. Setting the Stage
1-1. Choose your type of celebrity.
There are lots of different kinds of celebrities from singers and actors to bloggers, fiction writers, humanitarians, models, and even chefs. To become a celebrity, you have to pick an area to become a celebrity in. Simply 'being a celebrity' isn't going to get you very far, as it is too vague a goal to work towards.
It's also good to decide whether you're looking for that 15 minutes of fame or whether you want your celebrity to be a lifelong endeavor. The former is easier to accomplish, but won't give you much lasting power. The latter takes time and effort to accomplish, but will last much longer.
1-2. Practice.
If you're wanting to be a celebrity at something, you're going to have to work at it until you're at a level that makes people want to invest in you. While it's true that celebrities aren't always the best at what they do, they still tend to be good at it, whether it's acting, singing, writing, or cooking.
Put in 1 hour every day at your chosen field. This will help get you focused on your creative endeavor and keep you focused towards your goal, which is having people know you and your work.
1-3. Be creative.
There is a lot of the same old same old out there, and it is true that copy cats can become well known (think the many copy cats of books like Twilight or Harry Potter), but it's the original product that is remembered the best. You also need to put a lot of effort into this.
This means, you can use the work of others as a jumping off place. You'll need to add your own flare, or individuality to what you're presenting. For example: if you want to write a vampire novel, that's great! But instead of copying the Anne Rice or Twilight formula of pretty immortal vampires, come up with something unusual about your vampires, something that readers will be intrigued by and remember.
Being creative basically means having something that people will remember, because it stands out. Of course, this can backfire if you're too focused on complete originality (there is no such thing), but you should tease out what specific and original thing you have to offer, because that will help when you're selling your project.
Try finding a way to bring your reality into your work. In other words, be resourceful and use what you have to make yourself shine.
1-4. Study celebrities in your chosen field.
You need to see what is popular in your chosen field to know how to market yourself so that people want to see you and you'll get a good idea the things you want to avoid and the things you want to emulate.
See how those celebrities got famous. Chances are, however, you won't see all the background work that went into getting them to their celebrity status, but you will be able to see where they started.
For example: a lot of celebrities talk about their early years and what they did to further their careers. Study how and where they got the break that allowed them to become a celebrity and how much work they had to do simply to get to that place.
1-5. Locate people who can help you.
Part of becoming a celebrity is about who you know and who is helping you achieve your goal. This doesn't necessarily mean befriending a celebrity, but it is good to find someone in the industry to act as a sort of mentor, to help you avoid pitfalls.
You'll want to hire, or at least speak with a marketing professional, since a lot of getting famous comes through marketing yourself and you'll want, if possible, to have an expert's opinion on how best to market yourself.
You really will want to acquire a mentor of some sort, someone who has experience with the area in which you're interested in becoming a celebrity. For example: if you're wanting to become a published (and celebrity) author, seek advice from other writers.
Look around your city or town and see if there are others who are going for the same goal and work to help one another out.
2. Becoming a Celebrity
2-1. Develop your image.
This is a version of you, since you don't want to pretend to be someone else, but a more idealized version of you. It's the person who you'll be publicly and which you'll capitalize on when you're marketing yourself.
Basically, there are two different people in this equation. There's the real you, which is fallible, imperfect and then there's the idealized you (which is the one that you're going to be selling). The idealized you is perfect, amazing and awesome.
The times when you need to use this image are when you're selling yourself and your product (book, singing, cooking, etc.) to others, whether it's the general public or a publisher or music producers. Just remember, the idealized you only needs to be on for a short period of time, and then you can go back to being your usual self.
2-2. Market yourself
This is the big one, because if you can't market yourself you're not going to be a celebrity. People who make celebrity status are the ones who create an image and then know how to effectively sell that image to whatever industry they want to be part of, as well as to the general public.
Explain why you're unique. Part of marketing yourself is to show why people should be interested in you. What is it about your work and your presence that people should like.
Be persistent. Marketing yourself means being visible and being visible means you have to keep marketing yourself. For example: if your book keep getting rejected from publishers, submit things (like short stories) to literary magazines to get writing credits that will help your writer's image.
Before you can go on big media circuits to the Daily Show or Ellen, you'll need to set yourself up on local t.v. and radio, so that people will be able to see that you're a good person to interview and that you are providing interesting and unique product. When you've gotten yourself set up in whatever it is you want to become a celebrity in, contact your local news outlets and let them know what you're doing. Again, be persistent. If they aren't immediately interested, keep doing what you're doing and keep letting them know what you're up to.
2-3. Use social media
Social media and the Internet have helped a lot of people gain some amount of celebrity (or notoriety) and so it's definitely an avenue you want to consider when you're attempting to become a celebrity. While it's probably not best to rely on social media alone, it can definitely help.
One of the most important aspects of social media is having a constant internet presence. Set up a website that showcases your talents. Get on YouTube and create a vlog. Become part of the Tumblr and Twitter communities. You can talk about things other than your talent (and should because otherwise people will lose interest). You want to create an interest in you, so make sure you're using the idealized you, because you are still marketing yourself in these interactions.
Look at people who have achieved fame through social media (especially through YouTube) and consider what they did and how they did it. Justin Bieber is one of the most obvious ones, as he was discovered through his YouTube videos, but again it was perseverance and talent (he does have musical talent) that helped cement what he created by putting himself out there.
Another example could be John Green who does YouTube videos back and forth with his brother Hank Green, but who has also become a bestselling author. He created the groundwork to delve into writing because he already had a following and had already, in a sense, proved that his image was marketable. Proving yourself marketable through social media, can greatly help your marketability in the long-term.
2-4. Develop a relationship with other celebrities.
A good way to break into a field is to have someone who is already a success in that. It isn't easy to just 'make friends' with a celebrity, since a ton of people are already trying that.
Approach them in a public setting, if you can. For actors, or writers, there are workshops and panels that they sit on for events that you can attend and meet them. You can also connect with a lot of celebrities through social media, where you can ask them for advice.
Sometimes it's good if you have a moment with them to ask for tips on how they got to where they are. Many people are happy to share their advice and their experiences with someone who is interested.
3. Maintaining Celebrity Status
3-1. Keep innovating your ideas.
One you've achieved your celebrity status, you'll want to keep a hold of it. A good way to do that is to change things up. Experiment with different ideas and options.
Do more than one thing. If you're a singer, for example, try out dancing or modeling or acting. Branch out into comedy. Utilize these things in your music.
3-2. Maintain a good relationship with your fans.
Your fans are the ones who got you to the place you're at, through their own devotion to you and by passing the word about you along to other people. Treat them with respect. Thank them in interviews and in person.
Consider occasionally releasing something free for them (a free story download, or a free song).
If someone (especially a fan) offers criticism of whatever you're doing, don't get angry at them. Instead, if it's abusive, respond appropriately by blocking them or having the authorities deal with them (this can mean something like the admins on Twitter, etc.; it doesn't necessarily mean the police), and if it's not abusive, respectfully engage the person to find out where they are coming from.
3-3. Use your status positively.
If you've become a celebrity it means that a lot of people are watching you and learning from you and taking what you say as the gospel. There's a lot of responsibility that comes with making that sort of impression on a large group of people.
Organize and participate in fundraisers for good causes (ending hunger, making sure everyone has access to health care and clean water, ending slavery, and sex trafficking). Give money to these causes
Raise awareness for these issues through social media and through your own work.
Tips
If you don't shoot to stardom straight away, don't worry! No celebrity got there easily, just keep trying and don't give up! Don't expect to shoot to fame, because it may take a few years to become a worldwide celebrity.
A lie can travel half way around the world, while the truth is just putting on its shoes...be yourself!
Never give up and believe in yourself because you can do it.
Warnings
Be aware of scams. Submissions to talent agencies should be free. If anyone demands your money for it, do not listen to them.
Contrary to popular belief, being a celebrity is not always easy. Once you are famous, your personal life is no longer your own. Try to keep it separate as much as you can.
Remember that being famous means you may waive your right to privacy. Many celebrities miss being able to live a normal life without fans or paparazzi following them everywhere they go. Paparazzi is the worst in that regard, get ready for cameras to flash everywhere at you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Setting the Stage\\n1-1. Choose your type of celebrity.\\nThere are lots of different kinds of celebrities from singers and actors to bloggers, fiction writers, humanitarians, models, and even chefs. To become a celebrity, you have to pick an area to become a celebrity in. Simply 'being a celebrity' isn't going to get you very far, as it is too vague a goal to work towards.\\nIt's also good to decide whether you're looking for that 15 minutes of fame or whether you want your celebrity to be a lifelong endeavor. The former is easier to accomplish, but won't give you much lasting power. The latter takes time and effort to accomplish, but will last much longer.\\n1-2. Practice.\\nIf you're wanting to be a celebrity at something, you're going to have to work at it until you're at a level that makes people want to invest in you. While it's true that celebrities aren't always the best at what they do, they still tend to be good at it, whether it's acting, singing, writing, or cooking.\\nPut in 1 hour every day at your chosen field. This will help get you focused on your creative endeavor and keep you focused towards your goal, which is having people know you and your work.\\n1-3. Be creative.\\nThere is a lot of the same old same old out there, and it is true that copy cats can become well known (think the many copy cats of books like Twilight or Harry Potter), but it's the original product that is remembered the best. You also need to put a lot of effort into this.\\nThis means, you can use the work of others as a jumping off place. You'll need to add your own flare, or individuality to what you're presenting. For example: if you want to write a vampire novel, that's great! But instead of copying the Anne Rice or Twilight formula of pretty immortal vampires, come up with something unusual about your vampires, something that readers will be intrigued by and remember.\\nBeing creative basically means having something that people will remember, because it stands out. Of course, this can backfire if you're too focused on complete originality (there is no such thing), but you should tease out what specific and original thing you have to offer, because that will help when you're selling your project.\\nTry finding a way to bring your reality into your work. In other words, be resourceful and use what you have to make yourself shine.\\n1-4. Study celebrities in your chosen field.\\nYou need to see what is popular in your chosen field to know how to market yourself so that people want to see you and you'll get a good idea the things you want to avoid and the things you want to emulate.\\nSee how those celebrities got famous. Chances are, however, you won't see all the background work that went into getting them to their celebrity status, but you will be able to see where they started.\\nFor example: a lot of celebrities talk about their early years and what they did to further their careers. Study how and where they got the break that allowed them to become a celebrity and how much work they had to do simply to get to that place.\\n1-5. Locate people who can help you.\\nPart of becoming a celebrity is about who you know and who is helping you achieve your goal. This doesn't necessarily mean befriending a celebrity, but it is good to find someone in the industry to act as a sort of mentor, to help you avoid pitfalls.\\nYou'll want to hire, or at least speak with a marketing professional, since a lot of getting famous comes through marketing yourself and you'll want, if possible, to have an expert's opinion on how best to market yourself.\\nYou really will want to acquire a mentor of some sort, someone who has experience with the area in which you're interested in becoming a celebrity. For example: if you're wanting to become a published (and celebrity) author, seek advice from other writers.\\nLook around your city or town and see if there are others who are going for the same goal and work to help one another out.\\n2. Becoming a Celebrity\\n2-1. Develop your image.\\nThis is a version of you, since you don't want to pretend to be someone else, but a more idealized version of you. It's the person who you'll be publicly and which you'll capitalize on when you're marketing yourself.\\nBasically, there are two different people in this equation. There's the real you, which is fallible, imperfect and then there's the idealized you (which is the one that you're going to be selling). The idealized you is perfect, amazing and awesome.\\nThe times when you need to use this image are when you're selling yourself and your product (book, singing, cooking, etc.) to others, whether it's the general public or a publisher or music producers. Just remember, the idealized you only needs to be on for a short period of time, and then you can go back to being your usual self.\\n2-2. Market yourself\\nThis is the big one, because if you can't market yourself you're not going to be a celebrity. People who make celebrity status are the ones who create an image and then know how to effectively sell that image to whatever industry they want to be part of, as well as to the general public.\\nExplain why you're unique. Part of marketing yourself is to show why people should be interested in you. What is it about your work and your presence that people should like.\\nBe persistent. Marketing yourself means being visible and being visible means you have to keep marketing yourself. For example: if your book keep getting rejected from publishers, submit things (like short stories) to literary magazines to get writing credits that will help your writer's image.\\nBefore you can go on big media circuits to the Daily Show or Ellen, you'll need to set yourself up on local t.v. and radio, so that people will be able to see that you're a good person to interview and that you are providing interesting and unique product. When you've gotten yourself set up in whatever it is you want to become a celebrity in, contact your local news outlets and let them know what you're doing. Again, be persistent. If they aren't immediately interested, keep doing what you're doing and keep letting them know what you're up to.\\n2-3. Use social media\\nSocial media and the Internet have helped a lot of people gain some amount of celebrity (or notoriety) and so it's definitely an avenue you want to consider when you're attempting to become a celebrity. While it's probably not best to rely on social media alone, it can definitely help.\\nOne of the most important aspects of social media is having a constant internet presence. Set up a website that showcases your talents. Get on YouTube and create a vlog. Become part of the Tumblr and Twitter communities. You can talk about things other than your talent (and should because otherwise people will lose interest). You want to create an interest in you, so make sure you're using the idealized you, because you are still marketing yourself in these interactions.\\nLook at people who have achieved fame through social media (especially through YouTube) and consider what they did and how they did it. Justin Bieber is one of the most obvious ones, as he was discovered through his YouTube videos, but again it was perseverance and talent (he does have musical talent) that helped cement what he created by putting himself out there.\\nAnother example could be John Green who does YouTube videos back and forth with his brother Hank Green, but who has also become a bestselling author. He created the groundwork to delve into writing because he already had a following and had already, in a sense, proved that his image was marketable. Proving yourself marketable through social media, can greatly help your marketability in the long-term.\\n2-4. Develop a relationship with other celebrities.\\nA good way to break into a field is to have someone who is already a success in that. It isn't easy to just 'make friends' with a celebrity, since a ton of people are already trying that. \\nApproach them in a public setting, if you can. For actors, or writers, there are workshops and panels that they sit on for events that you can attend and meet them. You can also connect with a lot of celebrities through social media, where you can ask them for advice.\\nSometimes it's good if you have a moment with them to ask for tips on how they got to where they are. Many people are happy to share their advice and their experiences with someone who is interested.\\n3. Maintaining Celebrity Status\\n3-1. Keep innovating your ideas.\\nOne you've achieved your celebrity status, you'll want to keep a hold of it. A good way to do that is to change things up. Experiment with different ideas and options. \\nDo more than one thing. If you're a singer, for example, try out dancing or modeling or acting. Branch out into comedy. Utilize these things in your music.\\n3-2. Maintain a good relationship with your fans.\\nYour fans are the ones who got you to the place you're at, through their own devotion to you and by passing the word about you along to other people. Treat them with respect. Thank them in interviews and in person. \\nConsider occasionally releasing something free for them (a free story download, or a free song).\\nIf someone (especially a fan) offers criticism of whatever you're doing, don't get angry at them. Instead, if it's abusive, respond appropriately by blocking them or having the authorities deal with them (this can mean something like the admins on Twitter, etc.; it doesn't necessarily mean the police), and if it's not abusive, respectfully engage the person to find out where they are coming from.\\n3-3. Use your status positively.\\nIf you've become a celebrity it means that a lot of people are watching you and learning from you and taking what you say as the gospel. There's a lot of responsibility that comes with making that sort of impression on a large group of people. \\nOrganize and participate in fundraisers for good causes (ending hunger, making sure everyone has access to health care and clean water, ending slavery, and sex trafficking). Give money to these causes\\nRaise awareness for these issues through social media and through your own work.\\nTips\\nIf you don't shoot to stardom straight away, don't worry! No celebrity got there easily, just keep trying and don't give up! Don't expect to shoot to fame, because it may take a few years to become a worldwide celebrity.\\nA lie can travel half way around the world, while the truth is just putting on its shoes...be yourself!\\nNever give up and believe in yourself because you can do it.\\nWarnings\\nBe aware of scams. Submissions to talent agencies should be free. If anyone demands your money for it, do not listen to them.\\nContrary to popular belief, being a celebrity is not always easy. Once you are famous, your personal life is no longer your own. Try to keep it separate as much as you can.\\nRemember that being famous means you may waive your right to privacy. Many celebrities miss being able to live a normal life without fans or paparazzi following them everywhere they go. Paparazzi is the worst in that regard, get ready for cameras to flash everywhere at you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"These days, it is a lot easier to become a celebrity. Social media makes it easier and faster to connect with large groups of people. Getting to celebrity status, however, takes time and commitment. It won't happen overnight, but there are a few ways to make it more likely to happen.\\nhope it helps!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Setting the Stage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose your type of celebrity.\", \"描述\": \"There are lots of different kinds of celebrities from singers and actors to bloggers, fiction writers, humanitarians, models, and even chefs. To become a celebrity, you have to pick an area to become a celebrity in. Simply 'being a celebrity' isn't going to get you very far, as it is too vague a goal to work towards.\\nIt's also good to decide whether you're looking for that 15 minutes of fame or whether you want your celebrity to be a lifelong endeavor. The former is easier to accomplish, but won't give you much lasting power. The latter takes time and effort to accomplish, but will last much longer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice.\", \"描述\": \"If you're wanting to be a celebrity at something, you're going to have to work at it until you're at a level that makes people want to invest in you. While it's true that celebrities aren't always the best at what they do, they still tend to be good at it, whether it's acting, singing, writing, or cooking.\\nPut in 1 hour every day at your chosen field. This will help get you focused on your creative endeavor and keep you focused towards your goal, which is having people know you and your work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be creative.\", \"描述\": \"There is a lot of the same old same old out there, and it is true that copy cats can become well known (think the many copy cats of books like Twilight or Harry Potter), but it's the original product that is remembered the best. You also need to put a lot of effort into this.\\nThis means, you can use the work of others as a jumping off place. You'll need to add your own flare, or individuality to what you're presenting. For example: if you want to write a vampire novel, that's great! But instead of copying the Anne Rice or Twilight formula of pretty immortal vampires, come up with something unusual about your vampires, something that readers will be intrigued by and remember.\\nBeing creative basically means having something that people will remember, because it stands out. Of course, this can backfire if you're too focused on complete originality (there is no such thing), but you should tease out what specific and original thing you have to offer, because that will help when you're selling your project.\\nTry finding a way to bring your reality into your work. In other words, be resourceful and use what you have to make yourself shine.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study celebrities in your chosen field.\", \"描述\": \"You need to see what is popular in your chosen field to know how to market yourself so that people want to see you and you'll get a good idea the things you want to avoid and the things you want to emulate.\\nSee how those celebrities got famous. Chances are, however, you won't see all the background work that went into getting them to their celebrity status, but you will be able to see where they started.\\nFor example: a lot of celebrities talk about their early years and what they did to further their careers. Study how and where they got the break that allowed them to become a celebrity and how much work they had to do simply to get to that place.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Locate people who can help you.\", \"描述\": \"Part of becoming a celebrity is about who you know and who is helping you achieve your goal. This doesn't necessarily mean befriending a celebrity, but it is good to find someone in the industry to act as a sort of mentor, to help you avoid pitfalls.\\nYou'll want to hire, or at least speak with a marketing professional, since a lot of getting famous comes through marketing yourself and you'll want, if possible, to have an expert's opinion on how best to market yourself.\\nYou really will want to acquire a mentor of some sort, someone who has experience with the area in which you're interested in becoming a celebrity. For example: if you're wanting to become a published (and celebrity) author, seek advice from other writers.\\nLook around your city or town and see if there are others who are going for the same goal and work to help one another out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Celebrity\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop your image.\", \"描述\": \"This is a version of you, since you don't want to pretend to be someone else, but a more idealized version of you. It's the person who you'll be publicly and which you'll capitalize on when you're marketing yourself.\\nBasically, there are two different people in this equation. There's the real you, which is fallible, imperfect and then there's the idealized you (which is the one that you're going to be selling). The idealized you is perfect, amazing and awesome.\\nThe times when you need to use this image are when you're selling yourself and your product (book, singing, cooking, etc.) to others, whether it's the general public or a publisher or music producers. Just remember, the idealized you only needs to be on for a short period of time, and then you can go back to being your usual self.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Market yourself\", \"描述\": \"This is the big one, because if you can't market yourself you're not going to be a celebrity. People who make celebrity status are the ones who create an image and then know how to effectively sell that image to whatever industry they want to be part of, as well as to the general public.\\nExplain why you're unique. Part of marketing yourself is to show why people should be interested in you. What is it about your work and your presence that people should like.\\nBe persistent. Marketing yourself means being visible and being visible means you have to keep marketing yourself. For example: if your book keep getting rejected from publishers, submit things (like short stories) to literary magazines to get writing credits that will help your writer's image.\\nBefore you can go on big media circuits to the Daily Show or Ellen, you'll need to set yourself up on local t.v. and radio, so that people will be able to see that you're a good person to interview and that you are providing interesting and unique product. When you've gotten yourself set up in whatever it is you want to become a celebrity in, contact your local news outlets and let them know what you're doing. Again, be persistent. If they aren't immediately interested, keep doing what you're doing and keep letting them know what you're up to.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use social media\", \"描述\": \"Social media and the Internet have helped a lot of people gain some amount of celebrity (or notoriety) and so it's definitely an avenue you want to consider when you're attempting to become a celebrity. While it's probably not best to rely on social media alone, it can definitely help.\\nOne of the most important aspects of social media is having a constant internet presence. Set up a website that showcases your talents. Get on YouTube and create a vlog. Become part of the Tumblr and Twitter communities. You can talk about things other than your talent (and should because otherwise people will lose interest). You want to create an interest in you, so make sure you're using the idealized you, because you are still marketing yourself in these interactions.\\nLook at people who have achieved fame through social media (especially through YouTube) and consider what they did and how they did it. Justin Bieber is one of the most obvious ones, as he was discovered through his YouTube videos, but again it was perseverance and talent (he does have musical talent) that helped cement what he created by putting himself out there.\\nAnother example could be John Green who does YouTube videos back and forth with his brother Hank Green, but who has also become a bestselling author. He created the groundwork to delve into writing because he already had a following and had already, in a sense, proved that his image was marketable. Proving yourself marketable through social media, can greatly help your marketability in the long-term.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a relationship with other celebrities.\", \"描述\": \"A good way to break into a field is to have someone who is already a success in that. It isn't easy to just 'make friends' with a celebrity, since a ton of people are already trying that. \\nApproach them in a public setting, if you can. For actors, or writers, there are workshops and panels that they sit on for events that you can attend and meet them. You can also connect with a lot of celebrities through social media, where you can ask them for advice.\\nSometimes it's good if you have a moment with them to ask for tips on how they got to where they are. Many people are happy to share their advice and their experiences with someone who is interested.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Celebrity Status\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep innovating your ideas.\", \"描述\": \"One you've achieved your celebrity status, you'll want to keep a hold of it. A good way to do that is to change things up. Experiment with different ideas and options. \\nDo more than one thing. If you're a singer, for example, try out dancing or modeling or acting. Branch out into comedy. Utilize these things in your music.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain a good relationship with your fans.\", \"描述\": \"Your fans are the ones who got you to the place you're at, through their own devotion to you and by passing the word about you along to other people. Treat them with respect. Thank them in interviews and in person. \\nConsider occasionally releasing something free for them (a free story download, or a free song).\\nIf someone (especially a fan) offers criticism of whatever you're doing, don't get angry at them. Instead, if it's abusive, respond appropriately by blocking them or having the authorities deal with them (this can mean something like the admins on Twitter, etc.; it doesn't necessarily mean the police), and if it's not abusive, respectfully engage the person to find out where they are coming from.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your status positively.\", \"描述\": \"If you've become a celebrity it means that a lot of people are watching you and learning from you and taking what you say as the gospel. There's a lot of responsibility that comes with making that sort of impression on a large group of people. \\nOrganize and participate in fundraisers for good causes (ending hunger, making sure everyone has access to health care and clean water, ending slavery, and sex trafficking). Give money to these causes\\nRaise awareness for these issues through social media and through your own work.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you don't shoot to stardom straight away, don't worry! No celebrity got there easily, just keep trying and don't give up! Don't expect to shoot to fame, because it may take a few years to become a worldwide celebrity.\\n\", \"A lie can travel half way around the world, while the truth is just putting on its shoes...be yourself!\\n\", \"Never give up and believe in yourself because you can do it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be aware of scams. Submissions to talent agencies should be free. If anyone demands your money for it, do not listen to them.\\n\", \"Contrary to popular belief, being a celebrity is not always easy. Once you are famous, your personal life is no longer your own. Try to keep it separate as much as you can.\\n\", \"Remember that being famous means you may waive your right to privacy. Many celebrities miss being able to live a normal life without fans or paparazzi following them everywhere they go. Paparazzi is the worst in that regard, get ready for cameras to flash everywhere at you.\\n\"]}]}}",
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5,246 |
How to Become a Celebrity Personal Assistant
|
1. Getting Relevant Skills and Experience
1-1. Expect long hours and a hectic, sometimes stressful schedule.
As a celebrity assistant, you’ll get to travel, rub elbows with the rich and famous, and have a fast-paced, exciting lifestyle. But remember that celebrity personal assistants put in long hours, sometimes for good pay and sometimes for a pittance. You’ll be close to the celebrity lifestyle but may not experience the glitz and glamour that comes with it. Your tasks will not always be glamorous, so be prepared to do anything your celebrity boss tells you to do--in whatever small amount of time they give you to do it!
Your celebrity employer will want to be your first priority. Make sure you’re able sacrifice time with your family, pets or significant other before looking for a celebrity PA job.
1-2. Get experience in event-planning.
Learn how to keep your cool under pressure and time limitations, and get comfortable with solving problems at the last minute.
You don’t have to be a professional event planner to get practice organizing people and services. Arrange parties for your friends, social events at your job, or help plan a family reunion or wedding.
1-3. Be handy with a computer and smartphone.
You may be managing your celebrity’s email account, social media, and personal calendar, so you’ll need to know your way around technology. The more tech skills you can offer them, like website management or graphic design for their lifestyle blog, the better.
Create a personal website or blog for yourself, or volunteer to make one for a friend. Study popular celebrity social media accounts and start using similar tricks in your own. Practice sorting your emails into folders and creating neat, organized calendars.
1-4. Brush up on your people skills.
Be able to handle anyone from the snootiest celeb to their social climber friends. Practice being patient, using good communication skills and dealing with anyone and everyone with a polite smile, whether that’s at work or with a not-so-favorite family member.
1-5. Land a relevant professional job.
Work as an administrative assistant or in customer service and complete your tasks efficiently and with a positive attitude. Experience as a nanny or as a personal assistant to a non-celebrity will give you an idea of what the job requires and land you relevant references.
1-6. Brush up your resume.
Include all the skills and experiences that a celebrity could want for their personal assistant. Emphasize your organization skills, customer service ability, and capability under tight deadlines.
2. Looking for Celebrity PA Positions
2-1. Decide what kind of celebrity you’d like to work for.
Choose a field you’re interested in so you have more to offer your employer. You may not land in your dream field right away, but having a goal to strive for will be good motivation to work hard.
For instance, if you’re interested in the music industry, look for a job with a professional musician. People more interested in the film world could look for actors or directors.
If you love to read or write, try to pair up with a best-selling author. If sports are more your style, look for PA job with a professional athlete.
2-2. Move to an area popular with celebrities.
Think about what field you’d ideally like to work in, and where those professionals tend to live. If you’re serious about finding a job as a celebrity PA, move there. Most potential clients won’t consider you as an applicant if you’re not local.
In the United States, celebrity personal assistants in the entertainment industry often find work in Hollywood or New York City, but if you’d like to work for a wealthy tech entrepreneur, the California Bay Area might be a safer bet. In other parts of the world, aim for major cities and arts hubs.
2-3. Network as much as possible to make professional connections.
Start talking to anyone you know who has a job related to the entertainment industry. Tell them you’re looking for a job as a celebrity personal assistant and ask if they know anyone you should talk to. Talk up your people skills and event-planning background. Celebrity personal assistant jobs are almost always grabbed by someone with an inside connection, so be patient and meet as many people as you can in the field.
2-4. Attend networking events in your area.
Research entertainment industry networking conferences; they often take place in cities like Los Angeles or New York. If you’re in college, ask your career center about campus career fairs in your industry of choice.
2-5. Use a staffing agency when all else fails.
If you just can’t find a job through your networking connections, take your resume to local staffing companies. This should be used as a last resort, as celebrities who have to use staffing agencies will often be difficult to work with; you may be accepting a job no one else would take. However, this can be a good way to get your foot in the door if you’re out of networking options and are willing to put up with a difficult celebrity client.
3. Landing a Celebrity Personal Assistant Job
3-1. Ace the interview.
You may be speaking with a celebrity’s agent or their current personal assistant--or you could be talking to the celebrity themselves. Whomever you speak with, be polite and professional. Don’t be intimidated by your proximity to a celebrity, but don’t be too friendly either. You’ll be spending a lot of time with them as a personal assistant, so try to show that you’re a pleasant person to be around and that you’ll get your work done quickly and efficiently.
3-2. Be discreet and respect your celebrity’s privacy.
Celebrity clients will demand discretion, so avoid saying things like, “My friends thought it was so cool I got to talk with you!” Show that you will help them keep their private lives private.
3-3. Join a professional association once you have a job.
These organizations can offer you advice and professional support, as well as a large network for finding other PA jobs when you’re ready to move on. You typically won’t be able to become a member until you have a celebrity PA job, so apply after you’ve landed one. Note that an annual membership fee is usually required.
Professional associations for celebrity personal assistants exist at both the local level, in places like Los Angeles and New York, and internationally.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:32",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Relevant Skills and Experience\\n1-1. Expect long hours and a hectic, sometimes stressful schedule.\\nAs a celebrity assistant, you’ll get to travel, rub elbows with the rich and famous, and have a fast-paced, exciting lifestyle. But remember that celebrity personal assistants put in long hours, sometimes for good pay and sometimes for a pittance. You’ll be close to the celebrity lifestyle but may not experience the glitz and glamour that comes with it. Your tasks will not always be glamorous, so be prepared to do anything your celebrity boss tells you to do--in whatever small amount of time they give you to do it!\\nYour celebrity employer will want to be your first priority. Make sure you’re able sacrifice time with your family, pets or significant other before looking for a celebrity PA job.\\n1-2. Get experience in event-planning.\\nLearn how to keep your cool under pressure and time limitations, and get comfortable with solving problems at the last minute.\\nYou don’t have to be a professional event planner to get practice organizing people and services. Arrange parties for your friends, social events at your job, or help plan a family reunion or wedding.\\n1-3. Be handy with a computer and smartphone.\\nYou may be managing your celebrity’s email account, social media, and personal calendar, so you’ll need to know your way around technology. The more tech skills you can offer them, like website management or graphic design for their lifestyle blog, the better.\\nCreate a personal website or blog for yourself, or volunteer to make one for a friend. Study popular celebrity social media accounts and start using similar tricks in your own. Practice sorting your emails into folders and creating neat, organized calendars.\\n1-4. Brush up on your people skills.\\nBe able to handle anyone from the snootiest celeb to their social climber friends. Practice being patient, using good communication skills and dealing with anyone and everyone with a polite smile, whether that’s at work or with a not-so-favorite family member.\\n1-5. Land a relevant professional job.\\nWork as an administrative assistant or in customer service and complete your tasks efficiently and with a positive attitude. Experience as a nanny or as a personal assistant to a non-celebrity will give you an idea of what the job requires and land you relevant references.\\n1-6. Brush up your resume.\\nInclude all the skills and experiences that a celebrity could want for their personal assistant. Emphasize your organization skills, customer service ability, and capability under tight deadlines.\\n2. Looking for Celebrity PA Positions\\n2-1. Decide what kind of celebrity you’d like to work for.\\nChoose a field you’re interested in so you have more to offer your employer. You may not land in your dream field right away, but having a goal to strive for will be good motivation to work hard.\\nFor instance, if you’re interested in the music industry, look for a job with a professional musician. People more interested in the film world could look for actors or directors.\\nIf you love to read or write, try to pair up with a best-selling author. If sports are more your style, look for PA job with a professional athlete.\\n2-2. Move to an area popular with celebrities.\\nThink about what field you’d ideally like to work in, and where those professionals tend to live. If you’re serious about finding a job as a celebrity PA, move there. Most potential clients won’t consider you as an applicant if you’re not local.\\nIn the United States, celebrity personal assistants in the entertainment industry often find work in Hollywood or New York City, but if you’d like to work for a wealthy tech entrepreneur, the California Bay Area might be a safer bet. In other parts of the world, aim for major cities and arts hubs.\\n2-3. Network as much as possible to make professional connections.\\nStart talking to anyone you know who has a job related to the entertainment industry. Tell them you’re looking for a job as a celebrity personal assistant and ask if they know anyone you should talk to. Talk up your people skills and event-planning background. Celebrity personal assistant jobs are almost always grabbed by someone with an inside connection, so be patient and meet as many people as you can in the field.\\n2-4. Attend networking events in your area.\\nResearch entertainment industry networking conferences; they often take place in cities like Los Angeles or New York. If you’re in college, ask your career center about campus career fairs in your industry of choice.\\n2-5. Use a staffing agency when all else fails.\\nIf you just can’t find a job through your networking connections, take your resume to local staffing companies. This should be used as a last resort, as celebrities who have to use staffing agencies will often be difficult to work with; you may be accepting a job no one else would take. However, this can be a good way to get your foot in the door if you’re out of networking options and are willing to put up with a difficult celebrity client.\\n3. Landing a Celebrity Personal Assistant Job\\n3-1. Ace the interview.\\nYou may be speaking with a celebrity’s agent or their current personal assistant--or you could be talking to the celebrity themselves. Whomever you speak with, be polite and professional. Don’t be intimidated by your proximity to a celebrity, but don’t be too friendly either. You’ll be spending a lot of time with them as a personal assistant, so try to show that you’re a pleasant person to be around and that you’ll get your work done quickly and efficiently.\\n3-2. Be discreet and respect your celebrity’s privacy.\\nCelebrity clients will demand discretion, so avoid saying things like, “My friends thought it was so cool I got to talk with you!” Show that you will help them keep their private lives private.\\n3-3. Join a professional association once you have a job.\\nThese organizations can offer you advice and professional support, as well as a large network for finding other PA jobs when you’re ready to move on. You typically won’t be able to become a member until you have a celebrity PA job, so apply after you’ve landed one. Note that an annual membership fee is usually required.\\nProfessional associations for celebrity personal assistants exist at both the local level, in places like Los Angeles and New York, and internationally.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Celebrity personal assistants combine many different jobs into a hectic, high-flying lifestyle: they’re both an administrative assistant and an organized event planner, both friend and employee. Many people are excited by the glamour and proximity to the rich and famous, but it’s important to remember that the job requires a big time commitment and hard work. If you’re energetic, organized, and have a can-do attitude, it’s time to brush up on your skills, get some relevant experience, and start networking to find the perfect celebrity PA job for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Relevant Skills and Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Expect long hours and a hectic, sometimes stressful schedule.\", \"描述\": \"As a celebrity assistant, you’ll get to travel, rub elbows with the rich and famous, and have a fast-paced, exciting lifestyle. But remember that celebrity personal assistants put in long hours, sometimes for good pay and sometimes for a pittance. You’ll be close to the celebrity lifestyle but may not experience the glitz and glamour that comes with it. Your tasks will not always be glamorous, so be prepared to do anything your celebrity boss tells you to do--in whatever small amount of time they give you to do it!\\nYour celebrity employer will want to be your first priority. Make sure you’re able sacrifice time with your family, pets or significant other before looking for a celebrity PA job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get experience in event-planning.\", \"描述\": \"Learn how to keep your cool under pressure and time limitations, and get comfortable with solving problems at the last minute.\\nYou don’t have to be a professional event planner to get practice organizing people and services. Arrange parties for your friends, social events at your job, or help plan a family reunion or wedding.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be handy with a computer and smartphone.\", \"描述\": \"You may be managing your celebrity’s email account, social media, and personal calendar, so you’ll need to know your way around technology. The more tech skills you can offer them, like website management or graphic design for their lifestyle blog, the better.\\nCreate a personal website or blog for yourself, or volunteer to make one for a friend. Study popular celebrity social media accounts and start using similar tricks in your own. Practice sorting your emails into folders and creating neat, organized calendars.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush up on your people skills.\", \"描述\": \"Be able to handle anyone from the snootiest celeb to their social climber friends. Practice being patient, using good communication skills and dealing with anyone and everyone with a polite smile, whether that’s at work or with a not-so-favorite family member.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Land a relevant professional job.\", \"描述\": \"Work as an administrative assistant or in customer service and complete your tasks efficiently and with a positive attitude. Experience as a nanny or as a personal assistant to a non-celebrity will give you an idea of what the job requires and land you relevant references.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Brush up your resume.\", \"描述\": \"Include all the skills and experiences that a celebrity could want for their personal assistant. Emphasize your organization skills, customer service ability, and capability under tight deadlines.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Looking for Celebrity PA Positions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of celebrity you’d like to work for.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a field you’re interested in so you have more to offer your employer. You may not land in your dream field right away, but having a goal to strive for will be good motivation to work hard.\\nFor instance, if you’re interested in the music industry, look for a job with a professional musician. People more interested in the film world could look for actors or directors.\\nIf you love to read or write, try to pair up with a best-selling author. If sports are more your style, look for PA job with a professional athlete.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Move to an area popular with celebrities.\", \"描述\": \"Think about what field you’d ideally like to work in, and where those professionals tend to live. If you’re serious about finding a job as a celebrity PA, move there. Most potential clients won’t consider you as an applicant if you’re not local.\\nIn the United States, celebrity personal assistants in the entertainment industry often find work in Hollywood or New York City, but if you’d like to work for a wealthy tech entrepreneur, the California Bay Area might be a safer bet. In other parts of the world, aim for major cities and arts hubs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Network as much as possible to make professional connections.\", \"描述\": \"Start talking to anyone you know who has a job related to the entertainment industry. Tell them you’re looking for a job as a celebrity personal assistant and ask if they know anyone you should talk to. Talk up your people skills and event-planning background. Celebrity personal assistant jobs are almost always grabbed by someone with an inside connection, so be patient and meet as many people as you can in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend networking events in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Research entertainment industry networking conferences; they often take place in cities like Los Angeles or New York. If you’re in college, ask your career center about campus career fairs in your industry of choice.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a staffing agency when all else fails.\", \"描述\": \"If you just can’t find a job through your networking connections, take your resume to local staffing companies. This should be used as a last resort, as celebrities who have to use staffing agencies will often be difficult to work with; you may be accepting a job no one else would take. However, this can be a good way to get your foot in the door if you’re out of networking options and are willing to put up with a difficult celebrity client.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Landing a Celebrity Personal Assistant Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ace the interview.\", \"描述\": \"You may be speaking with a celebrity’s agent or their current personal assistant--or you could be talking to the celebrity themselves. Whomever you speak with, be polite and professional. Don’t be intimidated by your proximity to a celebrity, but don’t be too friendly either. You’ll be spending a lot of time with them as a personal assistant, so try to show that you’re a pleasant person to be around and that you’ll get your work done quickly and efficiently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be discreet and respect your celebrity’s privacy.\", \"描述\": \"Celebrity clients will demand discretion, so avoid saying things like, “My friends thought it was so cool I got to talk with you!” Show that you will help them keep their private lives private.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a professional association once you have a job.\", \"描述\": \"These organizations can offer you advice and professional support, as well as a large network for finding other PA jobs when you’re ready to move on. You typically won’t be able to become a member until you have a celebrity PA job, so apply after you’ve landed one. Note that an annual membership fee is usually required.\\nProfessional associations for celebrity personal assistants exist at both the local level, in places like Los Angeles and New York, and internationally.\"}]}]}}",
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How to Become a Cell Phone Dealer
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1. Conducting the Research
1-1. Talk to local cell phone providers.
Start your research by asking local cell phone dealers about their experience becoming a cell phone dealer. Ask them what their day to day work is like. Discuss commission and rate of pay that they receive from the service provider.
1-2. Gain knowledge through experience.
Find a job with a local cell phone dealer. Many cell phone dealers hire cashiers or sales agents. Working with a cell phone dealer will give you hands on experience to better prepare you for this career path.
1-3. Research service providers.
Each service provider will have it’s own requirements to become a cell phone dealer. These requirements can typically be found on the company’s website. Some cell phone dealers offer more than one service provider within their business. If you cannot find the information you are looking for on the company’s website, call their customer service number to discuss the details.
Check to see if the service provider offers good cell phone coverage in your area.
Ask about commission rates and pay schedule.
Know how much capital you will need to begin your business.
Ask for any other application requirements that they might have such as a business plan, resume, credit check, or credit availability.
1-4. Survey the market.
Scope out the areas that you would like to set up shop. You don’t want to put your business right next to a similar business unless you are ready to compete for customers. Actually ask the people in the area if they would be interested in having a different option in cell phone providers in their area.
Conduct your research by going door-to-door.
Create an online survey and post it to local social media group or email listservs.
2. Establishing Your Business
2-1. Select a service provider.
Choose a service provider based off of your previous research. You may even want to choose more than one service provider in order to offer a variety of choices to your customers.. Make a choice based off of expected return, coverage in your area, and the application requirements.
2-2. Develop a business plan.
Before you apply to become a dealer or ask a bank for a loan, you should develop a business plan. Your business plan will explain the objective of the company, make financial projections, and list marketing strategies. This business plan will be submitted to the service provider with your application and to a bank if you are applying for a loan or line of credit.
2-3. Obtain the capital needed.
There are a lot of costs associated with becoming a cell phone dealer. You will need capital for your initial investment in inventory, rent, utilities, and marketing materials. This money can be in the form of cash, business loan, or line of credit.
For example, Boost Mobile advises that you have about $20,000 available to you before applying to become a dealer. They estimate that it will take you six months to break even.
2-4. Submit an application to the service provider.
Each service provider has a different method to apply to become a dealer. Most dealer applications can be completed and submitted on the service provider’s website. In your application you will need to provide a business plan and proof that you have enough capital.
If you cannot find the application online, call the service provider’s customer service number and request an application.
3. Opening Your Business
3-1. Decide on a location.
Find a storefront for your new business. You can do this process on your own or through a real estate agent. A realtor will help you to locate good locations within your price range and negotiate the price and terms.
Consider the amount of foot traffic that your storefront will get.
Analyze parking or the convenience of your shop.
Determine how much space you will need to display your products.
3-2. Purchase the inventory and marketing materials.
The majority of your inventory will be purchased and supplied by the cell phone provider. You will need to purchase cell phones, tablets, and accessories. You will also need to purchase display cases and marketing materials such as business signs, promotional displays, and brochures.
3-3. Set up your store.
Once you have all of your materials, you need to set up shop. Place your inventory in display cases. Hang signs and promotional displays. Decide on and display your business hours for customers to see.
3-4. Advertise your new business.
You can’t expect anyone to come to your store if no one knows about it. Use a variety of advertising methods in order to attract a wide array of customers.
Promote your business on social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.
Place ads in your local newspaper.
Rent billboard space in high traffic areas.
Record commercials for television or radio.
Sponsor a non-profit event.
Tips
Do your market research before deciding on a service provider or location. You don’t want to set up shop right next to another dealer with the same service provider.
Warnings
Your first business may not succeed. Don’t let it stop you from trying to start another business. Use it as a learning experience to create a better business plan in the future.
Avoid the urge to apply to become a cell phone dealer with a service provider before you meet all of their required qualifications.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Conducting the Research\\n1-1. Talk to local cell phone providers.\\nStart your research by asking local cell phone dealers about their experience becoming a cell phone dealer. Ask them what their day to day work is like. Discuss commission and rate of pay that they receive from the service provider.\\n1-2. Gain knowledge through experience.\\nFind a job with a local cell phone dealer. Many cell phone dealers hire cashiers or sales agents. Working with a cell phone dealer will give you hands on experience to better prepare you for this career path.\\n1-3. Research service providers.\\nEach service provider will have it’s own requirements to become a cell phone dealer. These requirements can typically be found on the company’s website. Some cell phone dealers offer more than one service provider within their business. If you cannot find the information you are looking for on the company’s website, call their customer service number to discuss the details.\\nCheck to see if the service provider offers good cell phone coverage in your area.\\nAsk about commission rates and pay schedule.\\nKnow how much capital you will need to begin your business.\\nAsk for any other application requirements that they might have such as a business plan, resume, credit check, or credit availability.\\n1-4. Survey the market.\\nScope out the areas that you would like to set up shop. You don’t want to put your business right next to a similar business unless you are ready to compete for customers. Actually ask the people in the area if they would be interested in having a different option in cell phone providers in their area.\\nConduct your research by going door-to-door.\\nCreate an online survey and post it to local social media group or email listservs.\\n2. Establishing Your Business\\n2-1. Select a service provider.\\nChoose a service provider based off of your previous research. You may even want to choose more than one service provider in order to offer a variety of choices to your customers.. Make a choice based off of expected return, coverage in your area, and the application requirements.\\n2-2. Develop a business plan.\\nBefore you apply to become a dealer or ask a bank for a loan, you should develop a business plan. Your business plan will explain the objective of the company, make financial projections, and list marketing strategies. This business plan will be submitted to the service provider with your application and to a bank if you are applying for a loan or line of credit.\\n2-3. Obtain the capital needed.\\nThere are a lot of costs associated with becoming a cell phone dealer. You will need capital for your initial investment in inventory, rent, utilities, and marketing materials. This money can be in the form of cash, business loan, or line of credit.\\nFor example, Boost Mobile advises that you have about $20,000 available to you before applying to become a dealer. They estimate that it will take you six months to break even.\\n2-4. Submit an application to the service provider.\\nEach service provider has a different method to apply to become a dealer. Most dealer applications can be completed and submitted on the service provider’s website. In your application you will need to provide a business plan and proof that you have enough capital.\\nIf you cannot find the application online, call the service provider’s customer service number and request an application.\\n3. Opening Your Business\\n3-1. Decide on a location.\\nFind a storefront for your new business. You can do this process on your own or through a real estate agent. A realtor will help you to locate good locations within your price range and negotiate the price and terms.\\nConsider the amount of foot traffic that your storefront will get.\\nAnalyze parking or the convenience of your shop.\\nDetermine how much space you will need to display your products.\\n3-2. Purchase the inventory and marketing materials.\\nThe majority of your inventory will be purchased and supplied by the cell phone provider. You will need to purchase cell phones, tablets, and accessories. You will also need to purchase display cases and marketing materials such as business signs, promotional displays, and brochures.\\n3-3. Set up your store.\\nOnce you have all of your materials, you need to set up shop. Place your inventory in display cases. Hang signs and promotional displays. Decide on and display your business hours for customers to see.\\n3-4. Advertise your new business.\\nYou can’t expect anyone to come to your store if no one knows about it. Use a variety of advertising methods in order to attract a wide array of customers.\\nPromote your business on social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.\\nPlace ads in your local newspaper.\\nRent billboard space in high traffic areas.\\nRecord commercials for television or radio.\\nSponsor a non-profit event.\\nTips\\nDo your market research before deciding on a service provider or location. You don’t want to set up shop right next to another dealer with the same service provider.\\nWarnings\\nYour first business may not succeed. Don’t let it stop you from trying to start another business. Use it as a learning experience to create a better business plan in the future.\\nAvoid the urge to apply to become a cell phone dealer with a service provider before you meet all of their required qualifications.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a cell phone dealer can be a very appealing and rewarding career. If done well you can make a decent living, set your own hours, and even employ other people. Being a cell phone dealer allows you to explore your love for electronics and keep up with the latest technology. In order to become a cell phone dealer you must conduct research, develop a business plan, and open your business.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conducting the Research\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to local cell phone providers.\", \"描述\": \"Start your research by asking local cell phone dealers about their experience becoming a cell phone dealer. Ask them what their day to day work is like. Discuss commission and rate of pay that they receive from the service provider.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain knowledge through experience.\", \"描述\": \"Find a job with a local cell phone dealer. Many cell phone dealers hire cashiers or sales agents. Working with a cell phone dealer will give you hands on experience to better prepare you for this career path.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research service providers.\", \"描述\": \"Each service provider will have it’s own requirements to become a cell phone dealer. These requirements can typically be found on the company’s website. Some cell phone dealers offer more than one service provider within their business. If you cannot find the information you are looking for on the company’s website, call their customer service number to discuss the details.\\nCheck to see if the service provider offers good cell phone coverage in your area.\\nAsk about commission rates and pay schedule.\\nKnow how much capital you will need to begin your business.\\nAsk for any other application requirements that they might have such as a business plan, resume, credit check, or credit availability.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Survey the market.\", \"描述\": \"Scope out the areas that you would like to set up shop. You don’t want to put your business right next to a similar business unless you are ready to compete for customers. Actually ask the people in the area if they would be interested in having a different option in cell phone providers in their area.\\nConduct your research by going door-to-door.\\nCreate an online survey and post it to local social media group or email listservs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establishing Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select a service provider.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a service provider based off of your previous research. You may even want to choose more than one service provider in order to offer a variety of choices to your customers.. Make a choice based off of expected return, coverage in your area, and the application requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop a business plan.\", \"描述\": \"Before you apply to become a dealer or ask a bank for a loan, you should develop a business plan. Your business plan will explain the objective of the company, make financial projections, and list marketing strategies. This business plan will be submitted to the service provider with your application and to a bank if you are applying for a loan or line of credit.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain the capital needed.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of costs associated with becoming a cell phone dealer. You will need capital for your initial investment in inventory, rent, utilities, and marketing materials. This money can be in the form of cash, business loan, or line of credit.\\nFor example, Boost Mobile advises that you have about $20,000 available to you before applying to become a dealer. They estimate that it will take you six months to break even.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit an application to the service provider.\", \"描述\": \"Each service provider has a different method to apply to become a dealer. Most dealer applications can be completed and submitted on the service provider’s website. In your application you will need to provide a business plan and proof that you have enough capital.\\nIf you cannot find the application online, call the service provider’s customer service number and request an application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opening Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide on a location.\", \"描述\": \"Find a storefront for your new business. You can do this process on your own or through a real estate agent. A realtor will help you to locate good locations within your price range and negotiate the price and terms.\\nConsider the amount of foot traffic that your storefront will get.\\nAnalyze parking or the convenience of your shop.\\nDetermine how much space you will need to display your products.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Purchase the inventory and marketing materials.\", \"描述\": \"The majority of your inventory will be purchased and supplied by the cell phone provider. You will need to purchase cell phones, tablets, and accessories. You will also need to purchase display cases and marketing materials such as business signs, promotional displays, and brochures.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set up your store.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have all of your materials, you need to set up shop. Place your inventory in display cases. Hang signs and promotional displays. Decide on and display your business hours for customers to see.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Advertise your new business.\", \"描述\": \"You can’t expect anyone to come to your store if no one knows about it. Use a variety of advertising methods in order to attract a wide array of customers.\\nPromote your business on social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.\\nPlace ads in your local newspaper.\\nRent billboard space in high traffic areas.\\nRecord commercials for television or radio.\\nSponsor a non-profit event.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Do your market research before deciding on a service provider or location. You don’t want to set up shop right next to another dealer with the same service provider.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Your first business may not succeed. Don’t let it stop you from trying to start another business. Use it as a learning experience to create a better business plan in the future.\\n\", \"Avoid the urge to apply to become a cell phone dealer with a service provider before you meet all of their required qualifications.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,248 |
How to Become a Certificated Flight Instructor
|
1. Steps
1-1. Gain your private pilot license by enrolling in a flight school or other program with a certificated flight instructor.
Complete the coursework successfully and apply for a private pilot license. This means you can fly a private aircraft without pay.
You must be at least 17 years old to take part in testing for your private pilot license.
1-2. Get an instrument rating.
You gain this rating by flying according to instrument flight rules (IFR).
This allows you to fly in certain weather conditions such as rain and fog.
1-3. Apply for a commercial pilot license.
You must be at least 18 years old, have 250 hours of flight time in the air, hold an instrument rating and undergo an additional medical exam.
1-4. Seek a flight instructor certificate.
Your commercial pilot license and instrument rating must be issued for the type of aircraft with you will be using for teaching prospective pilots.
Gain a logbook endorsement from an authorized flight instructor that lists time spent learning the fundamentals of flight instruction.
Take and pass a knowledge test for flight instructors.
Complete and pass a practical test for flight instructors.
Prove that you are able to provide sufficient instruction in the areas of spin entry, spins and spin recovery.
Log a minimum of 15 hours of being in command of a pilot.
1-5. Receive a flight instructor certificate and begin working as a certified flight instructor.
1-6. Sign the logbook of every person that receives training from you.
1-7. Do not give more than 8 hours of flight training during each 24-hour period.
1-8. Maintain your flight instructor certificate through the renewal process.
Tips
Flight Instructors are generally called "certificated," rather than "certified".[6]
X
Research source
An instructor signs a student's log book to certify that he has passed his solo or some other test. When the student finishes the course and passed the final exam and check ride and receives his license or Pilot's Certificate, he is certificated. When an aircraft is inspected during an annual inspection, the A&P certifies (signs) in the aircraft log book that the inspection was done. When an aircraft has been inspected after being grounded, it is issued an Airworthiness Certificate.
Warnings
Not complying with all of the federal rules and regulations associated with being a flight instructor can have serious consequences. Always stay up to date on news from the Federal Aviation Administration.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Gain your private pilot license by enrolling in a flight school or other program with a certificated flight instructor.\\nComplete the coursework successfully and apply for a private pilot license. This means you can fly a private aircraft without pay.\\nYou must be at least 17 years old to take part in testing for your private pilot license.\\n1-2. Get an instrument rating.\\nYou gain this rating by flying according to instrument flight rules (IFR).\\nThis allows you to fly in certain weather conditions such as rain and fog.\\n1-3. Apply for a commercial pilot license.\\nYou must be at least 18 years old, have 250 hours of flight time in the air, hold an instrument rating and undergo an additional medical exam.\\n1-4. Seek a flight instructor certificate.\\nYour commercial pilot license and instrument rating must be issued for the type of aircraft with you will be using for teaching prospective pilots.\\nGain a logbook endorsement from an authorized flight instructor that lists time spent learning the fundamentals of flight instruction.\\nTake and pass a knowledge test for flight instructors.\\nComplete and pass a practical test for flight instructors.\\nProve that you are able to provide sufficient instruction in the areas of spin entry, spins and spin recovery.\\nLog a minimum of 15 hours of being in command of a pilot.\\n1-5. Receive a flight instructor certificate and begin working as a certified flight instructor.\\n\\n1-6. Sign the logbook of every person that receives training from you.\\n\\n1-7. Do not give more than 8 hours of flight training during each 24-hour period.\\n\\n1-8. Maintain your flight instructor certificate through the renewal process.\\n\\nTips\\nFlight Instructors are generally called \\\"certificated,\\\" rather than \\\"certified\\\".[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n An instructor signs a student's log book to certify that he has passed his solo or some other test. When the student finishes the course and passed the final exam and check ride and receives his license or Pilot's Certificate, he is certificated. When an aircraft is inspected during an annual inspection, the A&P certifies (signs) in the aircraft log book that the inspection was done. When an aircraft has been inspected after being grounded, it is issued an Airworthiness Certificate.\\nWarnings\\nNot complying with all of the federal rules and regulations associated with being a flight instructor can have serious consequences. Always stay up to date on news from the Federal Aviation Administration.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to share your love of flying with others, being a certificated flight instructor might be the perfect career path for you! We'll help you understand all the requirements you need to get started!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain your private pilot license by enrolling in a flight school or other program with a certificated flight instructor.\", \"描述\": \"Complete the coursework successfully and apply for a private pilot license. This means you can fly a private aircraft without pay.\\nYou must be at least 17 years old to take part in testing for your private pilot license.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get an instrument rating.\", \"描述\": \"You gain this rating by flying according to instrument flight rules (IFR).\\nThis allows you to fly in certain weather conditions such as rain and fog.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for a commercial pilot license.\", \"描述\": \"You must be at least 18 years old, have 250 hours of flight time in the air, hold an instrument rating and undergo an additional medical exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek a flight instructor certificate.\", \"描述\": \"Your commercial pilot license and instrument rating must be issued for the type of aircraft with you will be using for teaching prospective pilots.\\nGain a logbook endorsement from an authorized flight instructor that lists time spent learning the fundamentals of flight instruction.\\nTake and pass a knowledge test for flight instructors.\\nComplete and pass a practical test for flight instructors.\\nProve that you are able to provide sufficient instruction in the areas of spin entry, spins and spin recovery.\\nLog a minimum of 15 hours of being in command of a pilot.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Receive a flight instructor certificate and begin working as a certified flight instructor.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sign the logbook of every person that receives training from you.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Do not give more than 8 hours of flight training during each 24-hour period.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Maintain your flight instructor certificate through the renewal process.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Flight Instructors are generally called \\\"certificated,\\\" rather than \\\"certified\\\".[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n An instructor signs a student's log book to certify that he has passed his solo or some other test. When the student finishes the course and passed the final exam and check ride and receives his license or Pilot's Certificate, he is certificated. When an aircraft is inspected during an annual inspection, the A&P certifies (signs) in the aircraft log book that the inspection was done. When an aircraft has been inspected after being grounded, it is issued an Airworthiness Certificate.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Not complying with all of the federal rules and regulations associated with being a flight instructor can have serious consequences. Always stay up to date on news from the Federal Aviation Administration.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,249 |
How to Become a Certified American Red Cross CPR and First Aid Instructor
|
1. Committing to a Training Program
1-1. Register for a training program at your local Red Cross.
In order to become a Red Cross CPR Instructor, you must first become certified in CPR through the Red Cross. While there are other independent training programs available, you must register with the Red Cross if your heart is set on their instructor program.
If you don't live near a Red Cross or the class schedule doesn't work for you, there are training programs online. Keep in mind, however, you miss a lot of hands-on learning by taking classes online.
The Red Cross also offers blended classes, which combine online and hands-on training.
1-2. Pick a course length that works for you.
The length of courses varies. Ask at the Red Cross about the timeframe for each training course offered.
Training programs generally do not take long. Most classroom-based CPR classes are five to seven hours.
Check with the Red Cross to be sure the CPR training program you choose meets the requirement to qualify for the instructor training program.
1-3. Make sure you have the necessary funds.
Costs vary from Red Cross to Red Cross, but there is generally a registration fee. The course itself may cost a small amount of money.
Courses are not generally very expensive. Usually, the total costs are around $200.
If you don't have the money at the moment, you can always save up and become certified later on.
1-4. Prepare for your classes.
You may have to purchase or download the course materials through the Red Cross website. You should review any materials you were given when you registered to see what papers and supplies you will need.
Courses are brief, but dense. You will be getting a lot of vital information about safety, as CPR is used in life or death situations.
As you'll be getting a lot of important information, get some pens or pencils as well as a notebook. You want to take a lot of notes. If you choose to use an electronic device to take notes, make sure you can use the device responsibly. Avoid browsing Facebook or other popular websites during class.
2. Completing a CPR Certification Program
2-1. Take notes during training.
You want to make sure you remember everything you are taught. There will be an exam at the end of the training period. Your notes can be a valuable resource
Separate notes by class session and section.
Use your own symbols, like bullet points, for organization and outlining. You should also try to write as neat as possible.
After class, spend about five minutes reviewing your notes. This way, you'll help get the information embedded in your brain.
2-2. Get monitored by an instructor.
During your CPR training, you will have to practice with a dummy. Your instructor will monitor you during this time. They will give you instructions and feedback to make sure you can safely administer CPR.
Listen to the instructor carefully and do not disregard their feedback. It's vital that you learn how to do CPR correctly.
If there's anything you are confused about, talk to your instructor. He or she may be able to offer you additional help after class.
2-3. Complete in class activities and worksheets.
In addition to hands-on learning, there will be lecture based learning. There will be worksheets and in-class activities you will have to complete.
For example, you may have to complete a worksheet where you fill out information about a medical emergency. There may be "true or false" type answers to help you debunk common misconceptions.
2-4. Take your certification exam.
You will be learning a lot of information in a short period of time — typically, CPR class is one day and certification is offered at the end of the class. Certification is based on demonstration of skills and passing written test at end of class. Rules for the exam vary. Usually, the exam is multiple choice. You may have to take it on a screen or on paper.
It is important that you are present for the entire class to obtain certification.
Once you've passed your exam, you will receive your certificate.
3. Completing Instructor Training
3-1. Find a training program in your area.
Once you're certified to perform CPR, you can move on to instructor training. If you want to take a course in person, you'll need to find one in your area. You can do this on the Red Cross website. You simply type in your zip code or city and you'll be provided a list of courses near you.
Courses run on different schedules. An instructor training course may not be available right away. You may have to wait a few weeks or a few months for a class to begin.
All courses come with a fee. Usually, the fee is between $200 and $300.
3-2. Consider online training.
This is generally more convenient and will give you access to plenty of resources. If you can't find a class in your area, consider enrolling for an online instructor training program.
If you take a course in person, you may have to pay for a textbook. With an online course, you can print materials from home and will have access to a digital textbook.
There are also a wide array of study materials, such as refresher courses, online.
You can call 1-800-RED-CROS or email [email protected] to ask about enrolling in an online course.
3-3. Complete your chosen course.
Once you've selected a course, work hard to complete it successfully. Successful completion of an instructor training course is the final step in becoming a certified trainer.
If you take an in person class, you will be emailed online activities. These must be completed before the first day of class.
Class schedules vary, but it generally does not take long to obtain certification. Some classes only consist of two full days of training.
3-4. Enter course records on the Red Cross website to obtain your certificate.
Once you have completed the course, you can get your certificate on your own. On the Red Cross website, you will enter your course records. You should then be able to locate a certificate issued in your name.
If you're unsure how to type in your course records, try calling the Red Cross or asking your training instructor.
4. Continuing Forward
4-1. Look for places to volunteer.
You don't always get paid to teach CPR; however, it can be a rewarding experience nevertheless. You could volunteer for an emergency services organization, a school, or a hospital. Places like these are always looking for passionate individuals to volunteer.
4-2. Volunteer at work.
Having employees CPR certified can make for a safer work environment. This is especially true if you work in a field where there may be accidents on site. Ask your boss about doing a CPR class for your co-workers.
You may get a small perk or bonus for conducting a class. However, do not expect to get paid. A lot of CPR instructors primarily do volunteer work.
4-3. Offer your services for a fee.
If you want to make some money as an instructor, you can advertise your services around your town. Put up fliers in places like hospitals and schools. Make it clear you're Red Cross certified CPR instructor willing to conduct classes for a fee.
How much you charge is up to you, but keep your rates reasonable. If you live in a middle class area, charging $300 for a course may not get you much business. More people may be interested, however, if you offer courses for $50.
4-4. Re-register when necessary.
Your certification lasts 2 years. After this point, you will need to renew your certification.
You will to need take a small review course at your local Red Cross.
After taking the course, you can renew your certification.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Committing to a Training Program\\n1-1. Register for a training program at your local Red Cross.\\nIn order to become a Red Cross CPR Instructor, you must first become certified in CPR through the Red Cross. While there are other independent training programs available, you must register with the Red Cross if your heart is set on their instructor program.\\nIf you don't live near a Red Cross or the class schedule doesn't work for you, there are training programs online. Keep in mind, however, you miss a lot of hands-on learning by taking classes online.\\nThe Red Cross also offers blended classes, which combine online and hands-on training.\\n1-2. Pick a course length that works for you.\\nThe length of courses varies. Ask at the Red Cross about the timeframe for each training course offered.\\nTraining programs generally do not take long. Most classroom-based CPR classes are five to seven hours.\\nCheck with the Red Cross to be sure the CPR training program you choose meets the requirement to qualify for the instructor training program.\\n1-3. Make sure you have the necessary funds.\\nCosts vary from Red Cross to Red Cross, but there is generally a registration fee. The course itself may cost a small amount of money.\\nCourses are not generally very expensive. Usually, the total costs are around $200.\\nIf you don't have the money at the moment, you can always save up and become certified later on.\\n1-4. Prepare for your classes.\\nYou may have to purchase or download the course materials through the Red Cross website. You should review any materials you were given when you registered to see what papers and supplies you will need.\\nCourses are brief, but dense. You will be getting a lot of vital information about safety, as CPR is used in life or death situations.\\nAs you'll be getting a lot of important information, get some pens or pencils as well as a notebook. You want to take a lot of notes. If you choose to use an electronic device to take notes, make sure you can use the device responsibly. Avoid browsing Facebook or other popular websites during class.\\n2. Completing a CPR Certification Program\\n2-1. Take notes during training.\\nYou want to make sure you remember everything you are taught. There will be an exam at the end of the training period. Your notes can be a valuable resource\\nSeparate notes by class session and section.\\nUse your own symbols, like bullet points, for organization and outlining. You should also try to write as neat as possible.\\nAfter class, spend about five minutes reviewing your notes. This way, you'll help get the information embedded in your brain.\\n2-2. Get monitored by an instructor.\\nDuring your CPR training, you will have to practice with a dummy. Your instructor will monitor you during this time. They will give you instructions and feedback to make sure you can safely administer CPR.\\nListen to the instructor carefully and do not disregard their feedback. It's vital that you learn how to do CPR correctly.\\nIf there's anything you are confused about, talk to your instructor. He or she may be able to offer you additional help after class.\\n2-3. Complete in class activities and worksheets.\\nIn addition to hands-on learning, there will be lecture based learning. There will be worksheets and in-class activities you will have to complete.\\nFor example, you may have to complete a worksheet where you fill out information about a medical emergency. There may be \\\"true or false\\\" type answers to help you debunk common misconceptions.\\n2-4. Take your certification exam.\\nYou will be learning a lot of information in a short period of time — typically, CPR class is one day and certification is offered at the end of the class. Certification is based on demonstration of skills and passing written test at end of class. Rules for the exam vary. Usually, the exam is multiple choice. You may have to take it on a screen or on paper.\\nIt is important that you are present for the entire class to obtain certification.\\nOnce you've passed your exam, you will receive your certificate.\\n3. Completing Instructor Training\\n3-1. Find a training program in your area.\\nOnce you're certified to perform CPR, you can move on to instructor training. If you want to take a course in person, you'll need to find one in your area. You can do this on the Red Cross website. You simply type in your zip code or city and you'll be provided a list of courses near you.\\nCourses run on different schedules. An instructor training course may not be available right away. You may have to wait a few weeks or a few months for a class to begin.\\nAll courses come with a fee. Usually, the fee is between $200 and $300.\\n3-2. Consider online training.\\nThis is generally more convenient and will give you access to plenty of resources. If you can't find a class in your area, consider enrolling for an online instructor training program.\\nIf you take a course in person, you may have to pay for a textbook. With an online course, you can print materials from home and will have access to a digital textbook.\\nThere are also a wide array of study materials, such as refresher courses, online.\\nYou can call 1-800-RED-CROS or email [email protected] to ask about enrolling in an online course.\\n3-3. Complete your chosen course.\\nOnce you've selected a course, work hard to complete it successfully. Successful completion of an instructor training course is the final step in becoming a certified trainer.\\nIf you take an in person class, you will be emailed online activities. These must be completed before the first day of class.\\nClass schedules vary, but it generally does not take long to obtain certification. Some classes only consist of two full days of training.\\n3-4. Enter course records on the Red Cross website to obtain your certificate.\\nOnce you have completed the course, you can get your certificate on your own. On the Red Cross website, you will enter your course records. You should then be able to locate a certificate issued in your name.\\nIf you're unsure how to type in your course records, try calling the Red Cross or asking your training instructor.\\n4. Continuing Forward\\n4-1. Look for places to volunteer.\\nYou don't always get paid to teach CPR; however, it can be a rewarding experience nevertheless. You could volunteer for an emergency services organization, a school, or a hospital. Places like these are always looking for passionate individuals to volunteer.\\n4-2. Volunteer at work.\\nHaving employees CPR certified can make for a safer work environment. This is especially true if you work in a field where there may be accidents on site. Ask your boss about doing a CPR class for your co-workers.\\nYou may get a small perk or bonus for conducting a class. However, do not expect to get paid. A lot of CPR instructors primarily do volunteer work.\\n4-3. Offer your services for a fee.\\nIf you want to make some money as an instructor, you can advertise your services around your town. Put up fliers in places like hospitals and schools. Make it clear you're Red Cross certified CPR instructor willing to conduct classes for a fee.\\nHow much you charge is up to you, but keep your rates reasonable. If you live in a middle class area, charging $300 for a course may not get you much business. More people may be interested, however, if you offer courses for $50.\\n4-4. Re-register when necessary.\\nYour certification lasts 2 years. After this point, you will need to renew your certification.\\nYou will to need take a small review course at your local Red Cross.\\nAfter taking the course, you can renew your certification.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a certified Red Cross Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instructor is a great and rewarding way to make the world a safer place. CPR is a life-saving emergency procedure used on a person who is in cardiac arrest (heart suddenly stops working properly). You can teach CPR to co-workers, children, emergency responders, and others. Most people typically do not make a living being a certified CPR instructor; however, it is a good way to make some extra money on the side. Before you can become a CPR instructor you need to be certified in CPR. You can register for a class with your local Red Cross. When you complete training the training and after you pass a certification exam, you will be certified for two years.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Committing to a Training Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register for a training program at your local Red Cross.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a Red Cross CPR Instructor, you must first become certified in CPR through the Red Cross. While there are other independent training programs available, you must register with the Red Cross if your heart is set on their instructor program.\\nIf you don't live near a Red Cross or the class schedule doesn't work for you, there are training programs online. Keep in mind, however, you miss a lot of hands-on learning by taking classes online.\\nThe Red Cross also offers blended classes, which combine online and hands-on training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pick a course length that works for you.\", \"描述\": \"The length of courses varies. Ask at the Red Cross about the timeframe for each training course offered.\\nTraining programs generally do not take long. Most classroom-based CPR classes are five to seven hours.\\nCheck with the Red Cross to be sure the CPR training program you choose meets the requirement to qualify for the instructor training program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have the necessary funds.\", \"描述\": \"Costs vary from Red Cross to Red Cross, but there is generally a registration fee. The course itself may cost a small amount of money.\\nCourses are not generally very expensive. Usually, the total costs are around $200.\\nIf you don't have the money at the moment, you can always save up and become certified later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your classes.\", \"描述\": \"You may have to purchase or download the course materials through the Red Cross website. You should review any materials you were given when you registered to see what papers and supplies you will need.\\nCourses are brief, but dense. You will be getting a lot of vital information about safety, as CPR is used in life or death situations.\\nAs you'll be getting a lot of important information, get some pens or pencils as well as a notebook. You want to take a lot of notes. If you choose to use an electronic device to take notes, make sure you can use the device responsibly. Avoid browsing Facebook or other popular websites during class.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing a CPR Certification Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take notes during training.\", \"描述\": \"You want to make sure you remember everything you are taught. There will be an exam at the end of the training period. Your notes can be a valuable resource\\nSeparate notes by class session and section.\\nUse your own symbols, like bullet points, for organization and outlining. You should also try to write as neat as possible.\\nAfter class, spend about five minutes reviewing your notes. This way, you'll help get the information embedded in your brain.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get monitored by an instructor.\", \"描述\": \"During your CPR training, you will have to practice with a dummy. Your instructor will monitor you during this time. They will give you instructions and feedback to make sure you can safely administer CPR.\\nListen to the instructor carefully and do not disregard their feedback. It's vital that you learn how to do CPR correctly.\\nIf there's anything you are confused about, talk to your instructor. He or she may be able to offer you additional help after class.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete in class activities and worksheets.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to hands-on learning, there will be lecture based learning. There will be worksheets and in-class activities you will have to complete.\\nFor example, you may have to complete a worksheet where you fill out information about a medical emergency. There may be \\\"true or false\\\" type answers to help you debunk common misconceptions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take your certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"You will be learning a lot of information in a short period of time — typically, CPR class is one day and certification is offered at the end of the class. Certification is based on demonstration of skills and passing written test at end of class. Rules for the exam vary. Usually, the exam is multiple choice. You may have to take it on a screen or on paper.\\nIt is important that you are present for the entire class to obtain certification.\\nOnce you've passed your exam, you will receive your certificate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Instructor Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a training program in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Once you're certified to perform CPR, you can move on to instructor training. If you want to take a course in person, you'll need to find one in your area. You can do this on the Red Cross website. You simply type in your zip code or city and you'll be provided a list of courses near you.\\nCourses run on different schedules. An instructor training course may not be available right away. You may have to wait a few weeks or a few months for a class to begin.\\nAll courses come with a fee. Usually, the fee is between $200 and $300.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider online training.\", \"描述\": \"This is generally more convenient and will give you access to plenty of resources. If you can't find a class in your area, consider enrolling for an online instructor training program.\\nIf you take a course in person, you may have to pay for a textbook. With an online course, you can print materials from home and will have access to a digital textbook.\\nThere are also a wide array of study materials, such as refresher courses, online.\\nYou can call 1-800-RED-CROS or email [email protected] to ask about enrolling in an online course.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your chosen course.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've selected a course, work hard to complete it successfully. Successful completion of an instructor training course is the final step in becoming a certified trainer.\\nIf you take an in person class, you will be emailed online activities. These must be completed before the first day of class.\\nClass schedules vary, but it generally does not take long to obtain certification. Some classes only consist of two full days of training.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enter course records on the Red Cross website to obtain your certificate.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed the course, you can get your certificate on your own. On the Red Cross website, you will enter your course records. You should then be able to locate a certificate issued in your name.\\nIf you're unsure how to type in your course records, try calling the Red Cross or asking your training instructor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continuing Forward\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for places to volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"You don't always get paid to teach CPR; however, it can be a rewarding experience nevertheless. You could volunteer for an emergency services organization, a school, or a hospital. Places like these are always looking for passionate individuals to volunteer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer at work.\", \"描述\": \"Having employees CPR certified can make for a safer work environment. This is especially true if you work in a field where there may be accidents on site. Ask your boss about doing a CPR class for your co-workers.\\nYou may get a small perk or bonus for conducting a class. However, do not expect to get paid. A lot of CPR instructors primarily do volunteer work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Offer your services for a fee.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to make some money as an instructor, you can advertise your services around your town. Put up fliers in places like hospitals and schools. Make it clear you're Red Cross certified CPR instructor willing to conduct classes for a fee.\\nHow much you charge is up to you, but keep your rates reasonable. If you live in a middle class area, charging $300 for a course may not get you much business. More people may be interested, however, if you offer courses for $50.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Re-register when necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Your certification lasts 2 years. After this point, you will need to renew your certification.\\nYou will to need take a small review course at your local Red Cross.\\nAfter taking the course, you can renew your certification.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,250 |
How to Become a Certified Credit Counselor
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1. Developing Skills in Finance, Communication, and Negotiation
1-1. Get a degree bachelor's degree in a related field.
While you may be able to find work as a credit counselor without a college degree, having one will make you much more competitive in the job market. You may not be able to find a specific degree program catered towards credit counseling, but there are many different majors you can select that will be helpful to you in pursuing this career.
A degree in accounting, finance, economics, or math will help prepare you for a career as a credit counselor by providing you with the knowledge you need about managing money.
A degree in social work, counseling, psychology or a related field may also be helpful, as credit counselors must often offer advice and guidance to individuals who are going through hard times.
If you are just starting college, consider taking courses in more than one of these fields. You might choose one as your major and one as your minor, or even choose to double-major.
Courses in communications and teaching may also be helpful, as you will be required to communicate complex information to your clients in a way that is easy to understand.
Individuals with backgrounds as CPAs, Certified Financial Planners, or lawyers are especially well-equipped to become credit counselors.
1-2. Have a good understanding of finances.
No matter what your degree is in, it's crucial that you have a good understanding of how to crunch numbers and manage money. If you plan on providing guidance to others, you need to know how to do it yourself!
Certified credit counselors need to be able to help clients with things like setting financial goals and making plans, developing and analyzing financial statements, managing credit and debt, understanding financial risks, accessing financial assistance programs, investing, saving for retirement, and estate planning.
Keep in mind that you will learn more about the specific topics related to credit counseling during your certification program, but it helps to have a basic understanding of the concepts beforehand. If you feel you are lacking these skills, consider taking a few courses in accounting.
1-3. Have great people skills.
In addition to the technical skills you need to succeed as a credit counselor, you will also need to be an excellent communicator. You will likely be dealing with clients from all different walks of life, some of whom are facing tough realities like foreclosure or bankruptcy, so it's important that you know how to talk to people.
Taking a few classes in psychology or a related field may help you improve your ability to speak to clients in a sympathetic and helpful way.
Working in customer service is a great way to gain useful experience. If you are in school, consider getting a part-time job in retail, at the front desk of a medical office, or at a restaurant. While these jobs are not directly related to credit counseling, they will teach you how to talk to different people in different situations. You can also look for volunteer opportunities that would allow you to spend a lot of time interacting with different people.
1-4. Be an excellent negotiator.
If you want to work for an agency that provides debt management solutions to clients, you will need to be capable of negotiating with lenders in order to reduce or consolidate their debts.
Negotiating comes naturally to some people, but others may need practice to become good at it. If possible, look for a job that will give you the opportunity to practice your negotiating skills while you are pursuing your education. Working in sales may be a great way to help develop these skills.
Not all credit counselors offer these types of services. Some focus mostly on teaching their clients how to make good financial decisions instead of negotiating debts.
2. Getting Certified as a Credit Counselor
2-1. Understand the benefits of certification.
While it may not necessarily be required for employment, a certification in credit counseling will make you much more appealing to prospective employers. The certification program will provide you with extremely specific knowledge that will be helpful to you as a credit counselor, whereas your college degree program will have provided you with the broader background knowledge you will need.
There are many different certification programs out there, so it's important to choose a reputable one. Many colleges and universities offer programs, as do several organization in the finance industry.
A certification may be even more important if you do not have a background in a related field because it will show potential employers that you are knowledgeable about credit and debt.
Some credit counseling agencies offer training programs for new employees, so you may want to consider applying for jobs before you pursue a certificate on your own.
2-2. Check out reputable institutions for certification.
If you choose to pursue a certification through an institution other than a college or university, it can be especially tricky to understand which are reputable and which are not. Be sure to do plenty of research on any program you consider. The following reputable institutions offer training programs through a variety of affiliated organizations:
Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education (AFCPE)
The Center for Financial Certifications
The Academy for Credit Education (ACE)
National Association of Certified Credit Counselors (NACCC)
National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC)
National Institute for Financial Education of America (NIFE)
The Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies (AICCCA).
2-3. Choose a general or specialized certificate program.
There is more than one type of credit counselor certification, so it's important to do your research and find out which one is right for you. Some programs offer generalist certificates, while others offer more specialized certificates.
If you're not sure of the specific type of credit counseling you want to do, it's probably best to pursue a general certificate. You can then try working in different areas to see what is most appealing to you.
Some specialty areas you might consider studying include student loans, housing, debt management, and financial health.
Multiple certificates may make you even more marketable. For example, if you want to work with clients who are considering student loans, prospective employers may want to know that you have both general knowledge about credit counseling and specific knowledge about student loans.
2-4. Complete the coursework for certification.
Depending on the course you select, you may complete your studies online, in a classroom, or independently. Be sure to consider what format would work best for you when choosing your program.
Many programs offer you the ability to study at your own pace, which means you can pursue a certificate while still maintaining your normal schedule and attending to all of your responsibilities.
Costs for the different types of programs vary, so be sure to compare them before choosing which type of course to take.
2-5. Pass your certification exam.
No matter what kind of course you take, you will need to take an exam at the end in order to earn your certification.
You will have to pay for the exam, so be sure to devote plenty of time to studying for it in order to improve your chances of passing.
Find out how your test will be administered before you start the program. Many offer internet-based tests, but some may require paper tests, which are typically available less frequently.
3. Getting a Job as a Certified Credit Counselor
3-1. Start looking for a job as a credit counselor.
Once you have the necessary skills and training to be a successful credit counselor, it's time to start looking for your first job. Start by browsing through listings on popular online job boards, such as Craigslist and Indeed.
Credit counselor jobs may not always be advertised, so contacting local credit counseling agencies directly is a good idea. Be sure to send a resume and personalized cover letter that detail you training and experience.
Networking is also very important. Try to make connections with individuals in the field in any way you can and be sure to let them know what kind of job you are looking for. Attending industry conferences and job fairs is a great way to meet people that may be able to help you in the future. Social media sites like LinkedIn make networking easier than ever.
3-2. Apply to reputable credit counseling agencies.
When looking for a job with a credit counseling agency, you will want to make sure that you only apply to companies that you actually want to work for. Do some research on the company in order to determine if they are reputable.
Check to see if the agency is listed on The Executive Office for United States Trustees' website. This site maintains a complete list of credit counseling agencies that are able to provide the required credit counseling to individuals filing for bankruptcy.
Find out if they're accredited by a reputable third-party organization. In addition to the agencies that provide courses, the Better Business Bureau also accredits credit counseling agencies.
If you want to work for a nonprofit agency, check on the IRS's website to confirm that the agency has official Section 501(c)(3) status.
3-3. Consider starting your own credit counseling business.
Working for an established lender or credit counseling agency is a great option for certified credit counselors, but it may not be right for everyone. If you would rather be your own boss, you may want to consider starting your own credit counseling agency.
Starting any business is a financially risky endeavor, so be sure you can afford the start-up and operational costs. Writing a solid business plan will help you determine the feasibility of your business.
In order to operate as a credit counseling agency, you will need to register with your state. Each state has its own regulations and processes for applying for a license. Check with the licensing board in your state for more information.
You will almost definitely need a certification from a reputable agency in order to start your own credit counseling business. Some states also have other requirements, such surety bonds to protect clients.
3-4. Keep your credit counseling certification up-to-date.
Once you have become a certified credit counselor, don't forget to keep your credentials up to date. You will have to get re-certified every two years. The exact process for renewing your certification will depend on the agency that issued your original certification.
While it may seem like an inconvenience, getting re-certified on a regular basis is a very good thing for you because it will ensure that you stay current on the latest laws, regulations, and government programs. You will need this knowledge to effectively help your clients.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Skills in Finance, Communication, and Negotiation\\n1-1. Get a degree bachelor's degree in a related field.\\nWhile you may be able to find work as a credit counselor without a college degree, having one will make you much more competitive in the job market. You may not be able to find a specific degree program catered towards credit counseling, but there are many different majors you can select that will be helpful to you in pursuing this career.\\nA degree in accounting, finance, economics, or math will help prepare you for a career as a credit counselor by providing you with the knowledge you need about managing money.\\nA degree in social work, counseling, psychology or a related field may also be helpful, as credit counselors must often offer advice and guidance to individuals who are going through hard times.\\nIf you are just starting college, consider taking courses in more than one of these fields. You might choose one as your major and one as your minor, or even choose to double-major.\\nCourses in communications and teaching may also be helpful, as you will be required to communicate complex information to your clients in a way that is easy to understand.\\nIndividuals with backgrounds as CPAs, Certified Financial Planners, or lawyers are especially well-equipped to become credit counselors.\\n1-2. Have a good understanding of finances.\\nNo matter what your degree is in, it's crucial that you have a good understanding of how to crunch numbers and manage money. If you plan on providing guidance to others, you need to know how to do it yourself!\\nCertified credit counselors need to be able to help clients with things like setting financial goals and making plans, developing and analyzing financial statements, managing credit and debt, understanding financial risks, accessing financial assistance programs, investing, saving for retirement, and estate planning.\\nKeep in mind that you will learn more about the specific topics related to credit counseling during your certification program, but it helps to have a basic understanding of the concepts beforehand. If you feel you are lacking these skills, consider taking a few courses in accounting.\\n1-3. Have great people skills.\\nIn addition to the technical skills you need to succeed as a credit counselor, you will also need to be an excellent communicator. You will likely be dealing with clients from all different walks of life, some of whom are facing tough realities like foreclosure or bankruptcy, so it's important that you know how to talk to people.\\nTaking a few classes in psychology or a related field may help you improve your ability to speak to clients in a sympathetic and helpful way.\\nWorking in customer service is a great way to gain useful experience. If you are in school, consider getting a part-time job in retail, at the front desk of a medical office, or at a restaurant. While these jobs are not directly related to credit counseling, they will teach you how to talk to different people in different situations. You can also look for volunteer opportunities that would allow you to spend a lot of time interacting with different people.\\n1-4. Be an excellent negotiator.\\nIf you want to work for an agency that provides debt management solutions to clients, you will need to be capable of negotiating with lenders in order to reduce or consolidate their debts.\\nNegotiating comes naturally to some people, but others may need practice to become good at it. If possible, look for a job that will give you the opportunity to practice your negotiating skills while you are pursuing your education. Working in sales may be a great way to help develop these skills.\\nNot all credit counselors offer these types of services. Some focus mostly on teaching their clients how to make good financial decisions instead of negotiating debts.\\n2. Getting Certified as a Credit Counselor\\n2-1. Understand the benefits of certification.\\nWhile it may not necessarily be required for employment, a certification in credit counseling will make you much more appealing to prospective employers. The certification program will provide you with extremely specific knowledge that will be helpful to you as a credit counselor, whereas your college degree program will have provided you with the broader background knowledge you will need.\\nThere are many different certification programs out there, so it's important to choose a reputable one. Many colleges and universities offer programs, as do several organization in the finance industry.\\nA certification may be even more important if you do not have a background in a related field because it will show potential employers that you are knowledgeable about credit and debt.\\nSome credit counseling agencies offer training programs for new employees, so you may want to consider applying for jobs before you pursue a certificate on your own.\\n2-2. Check out reputable institutions for certification.\\nIf you choose to pursue a certification through an institution other than a college or university, it can be especially tricky to understand which are reputable and which are not. Be sure to do plenty of research on any program you consider. The following reputable institutions offer training programs through a variety of affiliated organizations:\\nAssociation for Financial Counseling and Planning Education (AFCPE)\\nThe Center for Financial Certifications\\nThe Academy for Credit Education (ACE)\\nNational Association of Certified Credit Counselors (NACCC)\\nNational Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC)\\nNational Institute for Financial Education of America (NIFE)\\nThe Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies (AICCCA).\\n2-3. Choose a general or specialized certificate program.\\nThere is more than one type of credit counselor certification, so it's important to do your research and find out which one is right for you. Some programs offer generalist certificates, while others offer more specialized certificates.\\nIf you're not sure of the specific type of credit counseling you want to do, it's probably best to pursue a general certificate. You can then try working in different areas to see what is most appealing to you.\\nSome specialty areas you might consider studying include student loans, housing, debt management, and financial health.\\nMultiple certificates may make you even more marketable. For example, if you want to work with clients who are considering student loans, prospective employers may want to know that you have both general knowledge about credit counseling and specific knowledge about student loans.\\n2-4. Complete the coursework for certification.\\nDepending on the course you select, you may complete your studies online, in a classroom, or independently. Be sure to consider what format would work best for you when choosing your program.\\nMany programs offer you the ability to study at your own pace, which means you can pursue a certificate while still maintaining your normal schedule and attending to all of your responsibilities.\\nCosts for the different types of programs vary, so be sure to compare them before choosing which type of course to take.\\n2-5. Pass your certification exam.\\nNo matter what kind of course you take, you will need to take an exam at the end in order to earn your certification.\\nYou will have to pay for the exam, so be sure to devote plenty of time to studying for it in order to improve your chances of passing.\\nFind out how your test will be administered before you start the program. Many offer internet-based tests, but some may require paper tests, which are typically available less frequently.\\n3. Getting a Job as a Certified Credit Counselor\\n3-1. Start looking for a job as a credit counselor.\\nOnce you have the necessary skills and training to be a successful credit counselor, it's time to start looking for your first job. Start by browsing through listings on popular online job boards, such as Craigslist and Indeed.\\nCredit counselor jobs may not always be advertised, so contacting local credit counseling agencies directly is a good idea. Be sure to send a resume and personalized cover letter that detail you training and experience.\\n Networking is also very important. Try to make connections with individuals in the field in any way you can and be sure to let them know what kind of job you are looking for. Attending industry conferences and job fairs is a great way to meet people that may be able to help you in the future. Social media sites like LinkedIn make networking easier than ever.\\n3-2. Apply to reputable credit counseling agencies.\\nWhen looking for a job with a credit counseling agency, you will want to make sure that you only apply to companies that you actually want to work for. Do some research on the company in order to determine if they are reputable.\\nCheck to see if the agency is listed on The Executive Office for United States Trustees' website. This site maintains a complete list of credit counseling agencies that are able to provide the required credit counseling to individuals filing for bankruptcy.\\nFind out if they're accredited by a reputable third-party organization. In addition to the agencies that provide courses, the Better Business Bureau also accredits credit counseling agencies.\\nIf you want to work for a nonprofit agency, check on the IRS's website to confirm that the agency has official Section 501(c)(3) status.\\n3-3. Consider starting your own credit counseling business.\\nWorking for an established lender or credit counseling agency is a great option for certified credit counselors, but it may not be right for everyone. If you would rather be your own boss, you may want to consider starting your own credit counseling agency.\\nStarting any business is a financially risky endeavor, so be sure you can afford the start-up and operational costs. Writing a solid business plan will help you determine the feasibility of your business.\\nIn order to operate as a credit counseling agency, you will need to register with your state. Each state has its own regulations and processes for applying for a license. Check with the licensing board in your state for more information.\\nYou will almost definitely need a certification from a reputable agency in order to start your own credit counseling business. Some states also have other requirements, such surety bonds to protect clients.\\n3-4. Keep your credit counseling certification up-to-date.\\nOnce you have become a certified credit counselor, don't forget to keep your credentials up to date. You will have to get re-certified every two years. The exact process for renewing your certification will depend on the agency that issued your original certification.\\nWhile it may seem like an inconvenience, getting re-certified on a regular basis is a very good thing for you because it will ensure that you stay current on the latest laws, regulations, and government programs. You will need this knowledge to effectively help your clients.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re looking for a career that is professionally rewarding and allows you to help people get their finances back on track, then you may want to learn how to become a certified credit counselor. These professionals evaluate a client's financial status, including debt and income, and make recommendations on what the client's next step should be. Credit counselors also enroll clients in debt management programs, and help them set up budget and expense tracking programs. Credit counselors may work for lenders, such as banks, or for nonprofit credit counseling agencies.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Skills in Finance, Communication, and Negotiation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a degree bachelor's degree in a related field.\", \"描述\": \"While you may be able to find work as a credit counselor without a college degree, having one will make you much more competitive in the job market. You may not be able to find a specific degree program catered towards credit counseling, but there are many different majors you can select that will be helpful to you in pursuing this career.\\nA degree in accounting, finance, economics, or math will help prepare you for a career as a credit counselor by providing you with the knowledge you need about managing money.\\nA degree in social work, counseling, psychology or a related field may also be helpful, as credit counselors must often offer advice and guidance to individuals who are going through hard times.\\nIf you are just starting college, consider taking courses in more than one of these fields. You might choose one as your major and one as your minor, or even choose to double-major.\\nCourses in communications and teaching may also be helpful, as you will be required to communicate complex information to your clients in a way that is easy to understand.\\nIndividuals with backgrounds as CPAs, Certified Financial Planners, or lawyers are especially well-equipped to become credit counselors.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have a good understanding of finances.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what your degree is in, it's crucial that you have a good understanding of how to crunch numbers and manage money. If you plan on providing guidance to others, you need to know how to do it yourself!\\nCertified credit counselors need to be able to help clients with things like setting financial goals and making plans, developing and analyzing financial statements, managing credit and debt, understanding financial risks, accessing financial assistance programs, investing, saving for retirement, and estate planning.\\nKeep in mind that you will learn more about the specific topics related to credit counseling during your certification program, but it helps to have a basic understanding of the concepts beforehand. If you feel you are lacking these skills, consider taking a few courses in accounting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have great people skills.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to the technical skills you need to succeed as a credit counselor, you will also need to be an excellent communicator. You will likely be dealing with clients from all different walks of life, some of whom are facing tough realities like foreclosure or bankruptcy, so it's important that you know how to talk to people.\\nTaking a few classes in psychology or a related field may help you improve your ability to speak to clients in a sympathetic and helpful way.\\nWorking in customer service is a great way to gain useful experience. If you are in school, consider getting a part-time job in retail, at the front desk of a medical office, or at a restaurant. While these jobs are not directly related to credit counseling, they will teach you how to talk to different people in different situations. You can also look for volunteer opportunities that would allow you to spend a lot of time interacting with different people.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be an excellent negotiator.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to work for an agency that provides debt management solutions to clients, you will need to be capable of negotiating with lenders in order to reduce or consolidate their debts.\\nNegotiating comes naturally to some people, but others may need practice to become good at it. If possible, look for a job that will give you the opportunity to practice your negotiating skills while you are pursuing your education. Working in sales may be a great way to help develop these skills.\\nNot all credit counselors offer these types of services. Some focus mostly on teaching their clients how to make good financial decisions instead of negotiating debts.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified as a Credit Counselor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the benefits of certification.\", \"描述\": \"While it may not necessarily be required for employment, a certification in credit counseling will make you much more appealing to prospective employers. The certification program will provide you with extremely specific knowledge that will be helpful to you as a credit counselor, whereas your college degree program will have provided you with the broader background knowledge you will need.\\nThere are many different certification programs out there, so it's important to choose a reputable one. Many colleges and universities offer programs, as do several organization in the finance industry.\\nA certification may be even more important if you do not have a background in a related field because it will show potential employers that you are knowledgeable about credit and debt.\\nSome credit counseling agencies offer training programs for new employees, so you may want to consider applying for jobs before you pursue a certificate on your own.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check out reputable institutions for certification.\", \"描述\": \"If you choose to pursue a certification through an institution other than a college or university, it can be especially tricky to understand which are reputable and which are not. Be sure to do plenty of research on any program you consider. The following reputable institutions offer training programs through a variety of affiliated organizations:\\nAssociation for Financial Counseling and Planning Education (AFCPE)\\nThe Center for Financial Certifications\\nThe Academy for Credit Education (ACE)\\nNational Association of Certified Credit Counselors (NACCC)\\nNational Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC)\\nNational Institute for Financial Education of America (NIFE)\\nThe Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies (AICCCA).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose a general or specialized certificate program.\", \"描述\": \"There is more than one type of credit counselor certification, so it's important to do your research and find out which one is right for you. Some programs offer generalist certificates, while others offer more specialized certificates.\\nIf you're not sure of the specific type of credit counseling you want to do, it's probably best to pursue a general certificate. You can then try working in different areas to see what is most appealing to you.\\nSome specialty areas you might consider studying include student loans, housing, debt management, and financial health.\\nMultiple certificates may make you even more marketable. For example, if you want to work with clients who are considering student loans, prospective employers may want to know that you have both general knowledge about credit counseling and specific knowledge about student loans.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the coursework for certification.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the course you select, you may complete your studies online, in a classroom, or independently. Be sure to consider what format would work best for you when choosing your program.\\nMany programs offer you the ability to study at your own pace, which means you can pursue a certificate while still maintaining your normal schedule and attending to all of your responsibilities.\\nCosts for the different types of programs vary, so be sure to compare them before choosing which type of course to take.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass your certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what kind of course you take, you will need to take an exam at the end in order to earn your certification.\\nYou will have to pay for the exam, so be sure to devote plenty of time to studying for it in order to improve your chances of passing.\\nFind out how your test will be administered before you start the program. Many offer internet-based tests, but some may require paper tests, which are typically available less frequently.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job as a Certified Credit Counselor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start looking for a job as a credit counselor.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have the necessary skills and training to be a successful credit counselor, it's time to start looking for your first job. Start by browsing through listings on popular online job boards, such as Craigslist and Indeed.\\nCredit counselor jobs may not always be advertised, so contacting local credit counseling agencies directly is a good idea. Be sure to send a resume and personalized cover letter that detail you training and experience.\\n Networking is also very important. Try to make connections with individuals in the field in any way you can and be sure to let them know what kind of job you are looking for. Attending industry conferences and job fairs is a great way to meet people that may be able to help you in the future. Social media sites like LinkedIn make networking easier than ever.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to reputable credit counseling agencies.\", \"描述\": \"When looking for a job with a credit counseling agency, you will want to make sure that you only apply to companies that you actually want to work for. Do some research on the company in order to determine if they are reputable.\\nCheck to see if the agency is listed on The Executive Office for United States Trustees' website. This site maintains a complete list of credit counseling agencies that are able to provide the required credit counseling to individuals filing for bankruptcy.\\nFind out if they're accredited by a reputable third-party organization. In addition to the agencies that provide courses, the Better Business Bureau also accredits credit counseling agencies.\\nIf you want to work for a nonprofit agency, check on the IRS's website to confirm that the agency has official Section 501(c)(3) status.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider starting your own credit counseling business.\", \"描述\": \"Working for an established lender or credit counseling agency is a great option for certified credit counselors, but it may not be right for everyone. If you would rather be your own boss, you may want to consider starting your own credit counseling agency.\\nStarting any business is a financially risky endeavor, so be sure you can afford the start-up and operational costs. Writing a solid business plan will help you determine the feasibility of your business.\\nIn order to operate as a credit counseling agency, you will need to register with your state. Each state has its own regulations and processes for applying for a license. Check with the licensing board in your state for more information.\\nYou will almost definitely need a certification from a reputable agency in order to start your own credit counseling business. Some states also have other requirements, such surety bonds to protect clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep your credit counseling certification up-to-date.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have become a certified credit counselor, don't forget to keep your credentials up to date. You will have to get re-certified every two years. The exact process for renewing your certification will depend on the agency that issued your original certification.\\nWhile it may seem like an inconvenience, getting re-certified on a regular basis is a very good thing for you because it will ensure that you stay current on the latest laws, regulations, and government programs. You will need this knowledge to effectively help your clients.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,251 |
How to Become a Certified Forklift Driver
|
1. Having the Necessary Education and Experience
1-1. Be at least 18 years of age.
This will allow employers to hire you under the labor laws in most countries. You may need to show a driver’s license or government issued ID to prove your age.
1-2. Have a high school diploma.
Most employers will prefer that you have at least completed your education at the high school level. This is preferred but not required.
Most employers will also accept a GED (General Education Diploma).
1-3. Get experience working in a warehouse or on a construction site.
Operating a forklift will require you to work in these environments. This kind of work experience will help you get used to extreme outdoor conditions as well as the fumes and loud noises commonly found on a site or in a warehouse.
Pick up shifts at a warehouse in your area as a worker. Or, take a part-time job at a construction site in a low level position.
2. Getting Certified
2-1. Find an OSHA approved training program.
Make sure you enroll in a training program that is being taught by a qualified training instructor. They should have proof that they are certified by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to teach the program and confirm you will receive OSHA approval when you complete the course.
OSHA acknowledges the competencies of professionals who strive to remove workplace hazards in construction, general industry, and healthcare.
Look at the OSHA website for a list of suggested training websites and services you can use.
Keep in mind you cannot get certified online. You will need to complete the formal instruction online and then do practical training in person with the trainer. You will also need to be evaluated in person to get certified.
2-2. Complete the formal instruction online.
This portion of training can be done online in modules at a certified OSHA training website. Depending on your needs, you can get trained on operating warehouse forklifts, rough terrain forklifts, pallet jacks, and order pickers.
You will need to complete a short test when you are done with the formal instruction. You are allowed to look up and correct any answers you get wrong during the test.
Formal online instruction can cost $60-$80 USD.
2-3. Do practical training in the classroom.
During the practical training portion, you will get hands-on instruction by the trainer. You will also get live demonstrations with the forklift and do practice exercises on the forklift, under the supervision of the trainer. This must be done in person.
Do not buy into any training programs that claim you can complete this portion online. They are likely not legitimate.
2-4. Complete the evaluation in person to become certified.
The trainer will have you operate the forklift under their supervision and evaluate your performance. Once you pass the in person evaluation, you will be considered OSHA certified.
Some training programs will give you a certificate once you pass to show employers.
Your name will also be entered into the training records so your employers can look you up and confirm you have been certified.
2-5. Have your OSHA training evaluated every three years.
As part of OSHA training, your employer will require you to get re-evaulated every three years to confirm your training is up to date.
Most employers will pay for you to get your training evaluated every three years and for any retraining you may have to do.
3. Finding a Position
3-1. Apply to be a forklift driver online.
Look for open positions for certified forklift drivers on online job sites and boards. Check for open calls for forklift drivers for particular construction sites or warehouses.
Employment websites like Indeed.com, Snagajob.com, and Monster.com are all good options.
3-2. Work your way up in a warehouse or on a construction site.
If you are already working in a warehouse or on a site, see if there are any opens for forklift drivers. Talk to your supervisor or the foreman about taking on this position.
Most forklift drivers will work their way up from working as a warehouse associate or a material moving position.
3-3. Contact your local employment center.
Go in person and inquire about open forklift driver positions in your area. Many construction sites and warehouses will put out a call for drivers through their local employment centers.
Bring a copy of your resume and proof of your OSHA certification with you.
3-4. Let employers know you are OSHA certified.
Employers are more likely to hire you if they know you are certified and ready to work. Make sure you list your OSHA certification on your resume as a credential.
Some employers will offer to arrange your OSHA certification as long as you take the online portion of the training.
3-5. Determine your pay and work hours.
Forklift drivers usually get paid an hourly wage of $15-$16 USD. Over time, you can work your way up to earning $20 USD an hour. You usually work eight hour shifts. Your work hours can vary, as forklift drivers will often work at night or in the early morning to complete a job.
If you are working in a warehouse that operates 24 hours a day, you may work longer shifts or several shifts in a row.
Your employer should outline your pay and work hours before you start working as a forklift driver.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Having the Necessary Education and Experience\\n1-1. Be at least 18 years of age.\\nThis will allow employers to hire you under the labor laws in most countries. You may need to show a driver’s license or government issued ID to prove your age.\\n1-2. Have a high school diploma.\\nMost employers will prefer that you have at least completed your education at the high school level. This is preferred but not required. \\nMost employers will also accept a GED (General Education Diploma).\\n1-3. Get experience working in a warehouse or on a construction site.\\nOperating a forklift will require you to work in these environments. This kind of work experience will help you get used to extreme outdoor conditions as well as the fumes and loud noises commonly found on a site or in a warehouse. \\nPick up shifts at a warehouse in your area as a worker. Or, take a part-time job at a construction site in a low level position.\\n2. Getting Certified\\n2-1. Find an OSHA approved training program.\\nMake sure you enroll in a training program that is being taught by a qualified training instructor. They should have proof that they are certified by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to teach the program and confirm you will receive OSHA approval when you complete the course.\\nOSHA acknowledges the competencies of professionals who strive to remove workplace hazards in construction, general industry, and healthcare.\\nLook at the OSHA website for a list of suggested training websites and services you can use.\\nKeep in mind you cannot get certified online. You will need to complete the formal instruction online and then do practical training in person with the trainer. You will also need to be evaluated in person to get certified.\\n2-2. Complete the formal instruction online.\\nThis portion of training can be done online in modules at a certified OSHA training website. Depending on your needs, you can get trained on operating warehouse forklifts, rough terrain forklifts, pallet jacks, and order pickers.\\nYou will need to complete a short test when you are done with the formal instruction. You are allowed to look up and correct any answers you get wrong during the test.\\nFormal online instruction can cost $60-$80 USD.\\n2-3. Do practical training in the classroom.\\nDuring the practical training portion, you will get hands-on instruction by the trainer. You will also get live demonstrations with the forklift and do practice exercises on the forklift, under the supervision of the trainer. This must be done in person.\\nDo not buy into any training programs that claim you can complete this portion online. They are likely not legitimate.\\n2-4. Complete the evaluation in person to become certified.\\nThe trainer will have you operate the forklift under their supervision and evaluate your performance. Once you pass the in person evaluation, you will be considered OSHA certified.\\nSome training programs will give you a certificate once you pass to show employers.\\nYour name will also be entered into the training records so your employers can look you up and confirm you have been certified.\\n2-5. Have your OSHA training evaluated every three years.\\nAs part of OSHA training, your employer will require you to get re-evaulated every three years to confirm your training is up to date.\\nMost employers will pay for you to get your training evaluated every three years and for any retraining you may have to do.\\n3. Finding a Position\\n3-1. Apply to be a forklift driver online.\\nLook for open positions for certified forklift drivers on online job sites and boards. Check for open calls for forklift drivers for particular construction sites or warehouses.\\nEmployment websites like Indeed.com, Snagajob.com, and Monster.com are all good options.\\n3-2. Work your way up in a warehouse or on a construction site.\\nIf you are already working in a warehouse or on a site, see if there are any opens for forklift drivers. Talk to your supervisor or the foreman about taking on this position. \\nMost forklift drivers will work their way up from working as a warehouse associate or a material moving position.\\n3-3. Contact your local employment center.\\nGo in person and inquire about open forklift driver positions in your area. Many construction sites and warehouses will put out a call for drivers through their local employment centers.\\nBring a copy of your resume and proof of your OSHA certification with you.\\n3-4. Let employers know you are OSHA certified.\\nEmployers are more likely to hire you if they know you are certified and ready to work. Make sure you list your OSHA certification on your resume as a credential.\\nSome employers will offer to arrange your OSHA certification as long as you take the online portion of the training.\\n3-5. Determine your pay and work hours.\\nForklift drivers usually get paid an hourly wage of $15-$16 USD. Over time, you can work your way up to earning $20 USD an hour. You usually work eight hour shifts. Your work hours can vary, as forklift drivers will often work at night or in the early morning to complete a job.\\nIf you are working in a warehouse that operates 24 hours a day, you may work longer shifts or several shifts in a row.\\nYour employer should outline your pay and work hours before you start working as a forklift driver.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a forklift driver requires you to use a forklift to move materials in warehouses, storage yards, factories, and construction sites. This job can be hard work, as you may be operating the forklift for eight hours at a time, but it can be ideal if you like using machinery and doing shift work. To do this job, you will need to be at least 18 years old and have a high school diploma. You will also need the required safety training and certification so you can operate the forklift. Once you have the training and skills, you can look for forklift driver positions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Having the Necessary Education and Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be at least 18 years of age.\", \"描述\": \"This will allow employers to hire you under the labor laws in most countries. You may need to show a driver’s license or government issued ID to prove your age.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"Most employers will prefer that you have at least completed your education at the high school level. This is preferred but not required. \\nMost employers will also accept a GED (General Education Diploma).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get experience working in a warehouse or on a construction site.\", \"描述\": \"Operating a forklift will require you to work in these environments. This kind of work experience will help you get used to extreme outdoor conditions as well as the fumes and loud noises commonly found on a site or in a warehouse. \\nPick up shifts at a warehouse in your area as a worker. Or, take a part-time job at a construction site in a low level position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find an OSHA approved training program.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you enroll in a training program that is being taught by a qualified training instructor. They should have proof that they are certified by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to teach the program and confirm you will receive OSHA approval when you complete the course.\\nOSHA acknowledges the competencies of professionals who strive to remove workplace hazards in construction, general industry, and healthcare.\\nLook at the OSHA website for a list of suggested training websites and services you can use.\\nKeep in mind you cannot get certified online. You will need to complete the formal instruction online and then do practical training in person with the trainer. You will also need to be evaluated in person to get certified.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete the formal instruction online.\", \"描述\": \"This portion of training can be done online in modules at a certified OSHA training website. Depending on your needs, you can get trained on operating warehouse forklifts, rough terrain forklifts, pallet jacks, and order pickers.\\nYou will need to complete a short test when you are done with the formal instruction. You are allowed to look up and correct any answers you get wrong during the test.\\nFormal online instruction can cost $60-$80 USD.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do practical training in the classroom.\", \"描述\": \"During the practical training portion, you will get hands-on instruction by the trainer. You will also get live demonstrations with the forklift and do practice exercises on the forklift, under the supervision of the trainer. This must be done in person.\\nDo not buy into any training programs that claim you can complete this portion online. They are likely not legitimate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the evaluation in person to become certified.\", \"描述\": \"The trainer will have you operate the forklift under their supervision and evaluate your performance. Once you pass the in person evaluation, you will be considered OSHA certified.\\nSome training programs will give you a certificate once you pass to show employers.\\nYour name will also be entered into the training records so your employers can look you up and confirm you have been certified.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have your OSHA training evaluated every three years.\", \"描述\": \"As part of OSHA training, your employer will require you to get re-evaulated every three years to confirm your training is up to date.\\nMost employers will pay for you to get your training evaluated every three years and for any retraining you may have to do.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Position\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to be a forklift driver online.\", \"描述\": \"Look for open positions for certified forklift drivers on online job sites and boards. Check for open calls for forklift drivers for particular construction sites or warehouses.\\nEmployment websites like Indeed.com, Snagajob.com, and Monster.com are all good options.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work your way up in a warehouse or on a construction site.\", \"描述\": \"If you are already working in a warehouse or on a site, see if there are any opens for forklift drivers. Talk to your supervisor or the foreman about taking on this position. \\nMost forklift drivers will work their way up from working as a warehouse associate or a material moving position.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact your local employment center.\", \"描述\": \"Go in person and inquire about open forklift driver positions in your area. Many construction sites and warehouses will put out a call for drivers through their local employment centers.\\nBring a copy of your resume and proof of your OSHA certification with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Let employers know you are OSHA certified.\", \"描述\": \"Employers are more likely to hire you if they know you are certified and ready to work. Make sure you list your OSHA certification on your resume as a credential.\\nSome employers will offer to arrange your OSHA certification as long as you take the online portion of the training.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Determine your pay and work hours.\", \"描述\": \"Forklift drivers usually get paid an hourly wage of $15-$16 USD. Over time, you can work your way up to earning $20 USD an hour. You usually work eight hour shifts. Your work hours can vary, as forklift drivers will often work at night or in the early morning to complete a job.\\nIf you are working in a warehouse that operates 24 hours a day, you may work longer shifts or several shifts in a row.\\nYour employer should outline your pay and work hours before you start working as a forklift driver.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,252 |
How to Become a Certified Land Surveyor
|
1. Getting a Quality Education
1-1. Earn good grades in high school.
If you know as early as your high school years that surveying is the profession you wish to enter, you should work hard to earn good grades. You will likely need a college degree, so doing well in school will help you gain access to the college or university of your choice. You should begin to focus on math and science courses, as these will be most directly related to your future work. A strong background in reading, writing and analysis will also be helpful.
1-2. Earn a degree from a reputable college or university.
To get a job as a surveyor, you will need a college degree. In some cases, you may be able to get what you need with a two-year associate’s degree, although a four-year bachelor’s degree would be preferred when looking for work. A good program is one that will include in-depth study in advanced math, technical drafting, writing, physics, and technically advanced computer program use.
The guidance counselor at your high school should be able to help you research colleges and universities that have strong programs that can lead to a career as a surveyor. If you are already out of high school, you may try calling the guidance office of the high school in your area to see if they could help you anyway. You might also check with the reference librarian at your public library or at an area college library.
For licensing purposes, some states require that your degree come from a school or program that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Before you apply to any school, you should ask an admissions officer if they have this accreditation.
1-3. Select a field of study.
The general category of surveying involves many smaller categories, which you may wish to choose as a specialty for your studies in college. You will want to research these topics before enrolling in a college or university program, so you can best tailor your studies. Some of the topics related to surveying include:
Geomatics. This is a fairly new science that includes the collection, interpretation and reporting of geographical data.
Geodesy is the science of geographical measurement and representation. It measures such things as the gravitational fields of the earth, tectonic plate movements, polar ice shifts, and tidal phenomena.
Photogrammetry is the science of acquiring geographical data from photographs and photo images. This field includes studies in aerial photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry.
Land management is the study of the way land is used, to best take advantage of its geological structures.
1-4. Participate in a quality internship.
Many university programs will help you get involved in an internship as part of your program while you are attending classes. An internship is a placement with an actual surveyor, so you can learn real, on-the-job techniques and business practices, in addition to your classroom education. If you do well in your internship, it can also lead to full-time employment beyond your college degree.
Many states may require that you spend time in an internship under a licensed surveyor before you are even eligible to sit for the licensing exam.
2. Passing the Licensing Examination
2-1. Become familiar with the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Exam.
Throughout most of the United States, the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) exam is required to become licensed as a surveyor. This exam is usually offered in April and October. The exam is scheduled to last approximately 6 hours and consists of questions covering general topics like algebra, trigonometry, other basic sciences and writing skills. It also includes questions on such specific topics as boundary law, field data acquisition and plane survey calculation. Most of this information should be covered during your course of study in your college or university.
2-2. Prepare for the FS exam.
In most cases, your college study should prepare you for the FS exam. Many people elect to take the exam while nearing the end of their college program, or soon after graduating. If you wish to engage in additional preparation, specifically designed for the exam, there are numerous books, study guides and even courses available to help you prepare. A quick Internet search for “fundamentals of surveying exam” will lead you to all the information you need.
In addition to commercial study guides, you can find various free resources online. For example, the publication The American Surveyor has posted an article that contains a summary of the test and sample questions. The article is available at http://www.amerisurv.com/PDF/TheAmericanSurveyor-TestYourselfWithoutAnswers-CharterIssue.pdf.
2-3. Study the FS Reference Handbook.
The NCEES, the professional organization that administers the FS Exam, posts an FS Reference Handbook on its website. To access the Handbook, you must first register an account with NCEES, which you can do online at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. The FS Reference Handbook contains all the information you need about the content of the FS Exam and about registering and sitting for the exam.
The FS Reference Handbook is the only resource that you are allowed to use as a reference during the exam itself.
2-4. Register for the FS Exam.
You can register for the FS Exam at the NCEES website at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. You will need to create an account, which will be private with a password. You will use this account to register and schedule your exam, as well as for communication between yourself and the NCEES.
Registering for the exam includes the payment of a $225 exam fee. You will pay this with a credit card online.
Some licensing boards may require an additional application and application fee. You should check with the jurisdiction where you wish to be licensed to determine its requirements.
2-5. Pass the FS Exam.
When the date arrives for your exam, you should arrive at your testing location early. Take along multiple forms of identification and any registration materials that you have received. Realize that the test lasts for approximately 6 hours, which includes a brief tutorial on the use of the computer and a break for lunch. You will take your test on a computer under proctor supervision. Within seven to ten days after your exam, you will receive an email notification that your scores will be available in your NCEES account.
If you are not familiar with the area, you may wish to take your lunch with you for the day, to avoid any anxiety on that issue.
3. Applying for and Getting Your License
3-1. Identify your state’s licensing board.
NCEES offers a useful page that provides links to the licensing boards of all 50 states in the U.S. Find your state and then follow the link to the licensing board’s website. From there, you should be able to follow the instructions for information about a license application.
For example, the link for Alabama will redirect you to the website of the Alabama Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. From there, you can choose the link for “Applicants” to learn your application requirements.
If you wish to get licensed in Texas, for example, the link will take you to the Texas Board of Professional Land Surveying. From there, select the tab “LSLS” to get information about becoming a Licensed State Land Surveyor.
3-2. Obtain and complete a license application.
When you find your state’s licensing board’s website, look for a link to “Application” or “Application Process.” You will need to print the application form, complete it, and provide whatever application fee is required. This fee is in addition to the exam fee that you were previously required to pay for the FS Exam. Read the website carefully to find out if any additional materials are required.
For example, if you are applying for licensure in Texas, you are required to provide all of the following materials or information:
Completed application form.
Application fee of $128.69.
3 Completed References. These are to be provided using the state’s official form, which is available on the website. The references are to be in individually sealed envelopes with the seal of the referring party on the back of the envelope. At least one of your references should come from a licensed surveyor.
A working sketch. You are to prepare a working sketch of a location of your choosing. Instructions for the sketch are reported on the website.
An appointment with the Director of Surveying of the General Land Office. This appointment should be made before you create your working sketch.
3-3. Take and pass the state license exam, if applicable.
Some states will require a state-based exam, either in addition to or in place of the nationwide FS Exam. You should read your state’s license board’s website to find out if such an exam applies to you. If it does, you will need to submit your application materials in time to be able to take that exam.
Staying with the Texas example, you will need to submit your application by January 15 in order to take the LSLS exam in April, or by July 15 to take the LSLS exam in October.
3-4. Comply with any additional requirements for advanced or professional licensing.
In many jurisdictions, the initial license that you will receive is a preliminary or temporary license. This will generally qualify you to work as a surveyor in conjunction with or under the supervision of a professionally licensed surveyor in your state. After some prescribed time, you will qualify to sit for an advanced exam, known nationally as the Professional Surveyor’s Exam (PS Exam). The procedure to register for the PS Exam, which is also administered by NCEES, is similar to the procedure for the FS Exam. You will also need to determine what your state requires for advanced licensing.
Tips
A lot of hard work and dedication is required to become a certified land surveyor, so make sure that it is a career you will enjoy before you get started.
Surveying degrees are very competitive. Plan as far ahead as possible to ensure that you get the best grades possible in school.
Warnings
Land surveyors spend a lot of time outdoors, often in unfavorable conditions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting a Quality Education\\n1-1. Earn good grades in high school.\\nIf you know as early as your high school years that surveying is the profession you wish to enter, you should work hard to earn good grades. You will likely need a college degree, so doing well in school will help you gain access to the college or university of your choice. You should begin to focus on math and science courses, as these will be most directly related to your future work. A strong background in reading, writing and analysis will also be helpful.\\n1-2. Earn a degree from a reputable college or university.\\nTo get a job as a surveyor, you will need a college degree. In some cases, you may be able to get what you need with a two-year associate’s degree, although a four-year bachelor’s degree would be preferred when looking for work. A good program is one that will include in-depth study in advanced math, technical drafting, writing, physics, and technically advanced computer program use.\\nThe guidance counselor at your high school should be able to help you research colleges and universities that have strong programs that can lead to a career as a surveyor. If you are already out of high school, you may try calling the guidance office of the high school in your area to see if they could help you anyway. You might also check with the reference librarian at your public library or at an area college library.\\nFor licensing purposes, some states require that your degree come from a school or program that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Before you apply to any school, you should ask an admissions officer if they have this accreditation.\\n1-3. Select a field of study.\\nThe general category of surveying involves many smaller categories, which you may wish to choose as a specialty for your studies in college. You will want to research these topics before enrolling in a college or university program, so you can best tailor your studies. Some of the topics related to surveying include:\\nGeomatics. This is a fairly new science that includes the collection, interpretation and reporting of geographical data.\\nGeodesy is the science of geographical measurement and representation. It measures such things as the gravitational fields of the earth, tectonic plate movements, polar ice shifts, and tidal phenomena.\\nPhotogrammetry is the science of acquiring geographical data from photographs and photo images. This field includes studies in aerial photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry.\\nLand management is the study of the way land is used, to best take advantage of its geological structures.\\n1-4. Participate in a quality internship.\\nMany university programs will help you get involved in an internship as part of your program while you are attending classes. An internship is a placement with an actual surveyor, so you can learn real, on-the-job techniques and business practices, in addition to your classroom education. If you do well in your internship, it can also lead to full-time employment beyond your college degree.\\nMany states may require that you spend time in an internship under a licensed surveyor before you are even eligible to sit for the licensing exam.\\n2. Passing the Licensing Examination\\n2-1. Become familiar with the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Exam.\\nThroughout most of the United States, the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) exam is required to become licensed as a surveyor. This exam is usually offered in April and October. The exam is scheduled to last approximately 6 hours and consists of questions covering general topics like algebra, trigonometry, other basic sciences and writing skills. It also includes questions on such specific topics as boundary law, field data acquisition and plane survey calculation. Most of this information should be covered during your course of study in your college or university.\\n2-2. Prepare for the FS exam.\\nIn most cases, your college study should prepare you for the FS exam. Many people elect to take the exam while nearing the end of their college program, or soon after graduating. If you wish to engage in additional preparation, specifically designed for the exam, there are numerous books, study guides and even courses available to help you prepare. A quick Internet search for “fundamentals of surveying exam” will lead you to all the information you need.\\nIn addition to commercial study guides, you can find various free resources online. For example, the publication The American Surveyor has posted an article that contains a summary of the test and sample questions. The article is available at http://www.amerisurv.com/PDF/TheAmericanSurveyor-TestYourselfWithoutAnswers-CharterIssue.pdf.\\n2-3. Study the FS Reference Handbook.\\nThe NCEES, the professional organization that administers the FS Exam, posts an FS Reference Handbook on its website. To access the Handbook, you must first register an account with NCEES, which you can do online at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. The FS Reference Handbook contains all the information you need about the content of the FS Exam and about registering and sitting for the exam.\\nThe FS Reference Handbook is the only resource that you are allowed to use as a reference during the exam itself.\\n2-4. Register for the FS Exam.\\nYou can register for the FS Exam at the NCEES website at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. You will need to create an account, which will be private with a password. You will use this account to register and schedule your exam, as well as for communication between yourself and the NCEES.\\nRegistering for the exam includes the payment of a $225 exam fee. You will pay this with a credit card online.\\nSome licensing boards may require an additional application and application fee. You should check with the jurisdiction where you wish to be licensed to determine its requirements.\\n2-5. Pass the FS Exam.\\nWhen the date arrives for your exam, you should arrive at your testing location early. Take along multiple forms of identification and any registration materials that you have received. Realize that the test lasts for approximately 6 hours, which includes a brief tutorial on the use of the computer and a break for lunch. You will take your test on a computer under proctor supervision. Within seven to ten days after your exam, you will receive an email notification that your scores will be available in your NCEES account.\\nIf you are not familiar with the area, you may wish to take your lunch with you for the day, to avoid any anxiety on that issue.\\n3. Applying for and Getting Your License\\n3-1. Identify your state’s licensing board.\\nNCEES offers a useful page that provides links to the licensing boards of all 50 states in the U.S. Find your state and then follow the link to the licensing board’s website. From there, you should be able to follow the instructions for information about a license application.\\nFor example, the link for Alabama will redirect you to the website of the Alabama Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. From there, you can choose the link for “Applicants” to learn your application requirements.\\nIf you wish to get licensed in Texas, for example, the link will take you to the Texas Board of Professional Land Surveying. From there, select the tab “LSLS” to get information about becoming a Licensed State Land Surveyor.\\n3-2. Obtain and complete a license application.\\nWhen you find your state’s licensing board’s website, look for a link to “Application” or “Application Process.” You will need to print the application form, complete it, and provide whatever application fee is required. This fee is in addition to the exam fee that you were previously required to pay for the FS Exam. Read the website carefully to find out if any additional materials are required.\\nFor example, if you are applying for licensure in Texas, you are required to provide all of the following materials or information:\\nCompleted application form.\\nApplication fee of $128.69.\\n3 Completed References. These are to be provided using the state’s official form, which is available on the website. The references are to be in individually sealed envelopes with the seal of the referring party on the back of the envelope. At least one of your references should come from a licensed surveyor.\\nA working sketch. You are to prepare a working sketch of a location of your choosing. Instructions for the sketch are reported on the website.\\nAn appointment with the Director of Surveying of the General Land Office. This appointment should be made before you create your working sketch.\\n3-3. Take and pass the state license exam, if applicable.\\nSome states will require a state-based exam, either in addition to or in place of the nationwide FS Exam. You should read your state’s license board’s website to find out if such an exam applies to you. If it does, you will need to submit your application materials in time to be able to take that exam.\\nStaying with the Texas example, you will need to submit your application by January 15 in order to take the LSLS exam in April, or by July 15 to take the LSLS exam in October.\\n3-4. Comply with any additional requirements for advanced or professional licensing.\\nIn many jurisdictions, the initial license that you will receive is a preliminary or temporary license. This will generally qualify you to work as a surveyor in conjunction with or under the supervision of a professionally licensed surveyor in your state. After some prescribed time, you will qualify to sit for an advanced exam, known nationally as the Professional Surveyor’s Exam (PS Exam). The procedure to register for the PS Exam, which is also administered by NCEES, is similar to the procedure for the FS Exam. You will also need to determine what your state requires for advanced licensing.\\nTips\\nA lot of hard work and dedication is required to become a certified land surveyor, so make sure that it is a career you will enjoy before you get started.\\nSurveying degrees are very competitive. Plan as far ahead as possible to ensure that you get the best grades possible in school.\\nWarnings\\nLand surveyors spend a lot of time outdoors, often in unfavorable conditions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Land surveyors have very exciting and rewarding careers. No two days are the same, and you can find yourself working across a huge number of industries, so you’ll never be bored. If you love collecting and analyzing data and enjoy the great outdoors then land surveying could be your dream job. The specific steps to get certified or licensed as a surveyor will vary depending on your country or state. This article will describe the general procedures you should follow.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting a Quality Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn good grades in high school.\", \"描述\": \"If you know as early as your high school years that surveying is the profession you wish to enter, you should work hard to earn good grades. You will likely need a college degree, so doing well in school will help you gain access to the college or university of your choice. You should begin to focus on math and science courses, as these will be most directly related to your future work. A strong background in reading, writing and analysis will also be helpful.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a degree from a reputable college or university.\", \"描述\": \"To get a job as a surveyor, you will need a college degree. In some cases, you may be able to get what you need with a two-year associate’s degree, although a four-year bachelor’s degree would be preferred when looking for work. A good program is one that will include in-depth study in advanced math, technical drafting, writing, physics, and technically advanced computer program use.\\nThe guidance counselor at your high school should be able to help you research colleges and universities that have strong programs that can lead to a career as a surveyor. If you are already out of high school, you may try calling the guidance office of the high school in your area to see if they could help you anyway. You might also check with the reference librarian at your public library or at an area college library.\\nFor licensing purposes, some states require that your degree come from a school or program that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Before you apply to any school, you should ask an admissions officer if they have this accreditation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select a field of study.\", \"描述\": \"The general category of surveying involves many smaller categories, which you may wish to choose as a specialty for your studies in college. You will want to research these topics before enrolling in a college or university program, so you can best tailor your studies. Some of the topics related to surveying include:\\nGeomatics. This is a fairly new science that includes the collection, interpretation and reporting of geographical data.\\nGeodesy is the science of geographical measurement and representation. It measures such things as the gravitational fields of the earth, tectonic plate movements, polar ice shifts, and tidal phenomena.\\nPhotogrammetry is the science of acquiring geographical data from photographs and photo images. This field includes studies in aerial photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry.\\nLand management is the study of the way land is used, to best take advantage of its geological structures.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Participate in a quality internship.\", \"描述\": \"Many university programs will help you get involved in an internship as part of your program while you are attending classes. An internship is a placement with an actual surveyor, so you can learn real, on-the-job techniques and business practices, in addition to your classroom education. If you do well in your internship, it can also lead to full-time employment beyond your college degree.\\nMany states may require that you spend time in an internship under a licensed surveyor before you are even eligible to sit for the licensing exam.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Passing the Licensing Examination\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become familiar with the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Exam.\", \"描述\": \"Throughout most of the United States, the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) exam is required to become licensed as a surveyor. This exam is usually offered in April and October. The exam is scheduled to last approximately 6 hours and consists of questions covering general topics like algebra, trigonometry, other basic sciences and writing skills. It also includes questions on such specific topics as boundary law, field data acquisition and plane survey calculation. Most of this information should be covered during your course of study in your college or university.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the FS exam.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, your college study should prepare you for the FS exam. Many people elect to take the exam while nearing the end of their college program, or soon after graduating. If you wish to engage in additional preparation, specifically designed for the exam, there are numerous books, study guides and even courses available to help you prepare. A quick Internet search for “fundamentals of surveying exam” will lead you to all the information you need.\\nIn addition to commercial study guides, you can find various free resources online. For example, the publication The American Surveyor has posted an article that contains a summary of the test and sample questions. The article is available at http://www.amerisurv.com/PDF/TheAmericanSurveyor-TestYourselfWithoutAnswers-CharterIssue.pdf.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study the FS Reference Handbook.\", \"描述\": \"The NCEES, the professional organization that administers the FS Exam, posts an FS Reference Handbook on its website. To access the Handbook, you must first register an account with NCEES, which you can do online at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. The FS Reference Handbook contains all the information you need about the content of the FS Exam and about registering and sitting for the exam.\\nThe FS Reference Handbook is the only resource that you are allowed to use as a reference during the exam itself.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Register for the FS Exam.\", \"描述\": \"You can register for the FS Exam at the NCEES website at http://ncees.org/surveying/fs/. You will need to create an account, which will be private with a password. You will use this account to register and schedule your exam, as well as for communication between yourself and the NCEES.\\nRegistering for the exam includes the payment of a $225 exam fee. You will pay this with a credit card online.\\nSome licensing boards may require an additional application and application fee. You should check with the jurisdiction where you wish to be licensed to determine its requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the FS Exam.\", \"描述\": \"When the date arrives for your exam, you should arrive at your testing location early. Take along multiple forms of identification and any registration materials that you have received. Realize that the test lasts for approximately 6 hours, which includes a brief tutorial on the use of the computer and a break for lunch. You will take your test on a computer under proctor supervision. Within seven to ten days after your exam, you will receive an email notification that your scores will be available in your NCEES account.\\nIf you are not familiar with the area, you may wish to take your lunch with you for the day, to avoid any anxiety on that issue.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for and Getting Your License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify your state’s licensing board.\", \"描述\": \"NCEES offers a useful page that provides links to the licensing boards of all 50 states in the U.S. Find your state and then follow the link to the licensing board’s website. From there, you should be able to follow the instructions for information about a license application.\\nFor example, the link for Alabama will redirect you to the website of the Alabama Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. From there, you can choose the link for “Applicants” to learn your application requirements.\\nIf you wish to get licensed in Texas, for example, the link will take you to the Texas Board of Professional Land Surveying. From there, select the tab “LSLS” to get information about becoming a Licensed State Land Surveyor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain and complete a license application.\", \"描述\": \"When you find your state’s licensing board’s website, look for a link to “Application” or “Application Process.” You will need to print the application form, complete it, and provide whatever application fee is required. This fee is in addition to the exam fee that you were previously required to pay for the FS Exam. Read the website carefully to find out if any additional materials are required.\\nFor example, if you are applying for licensure in Texas, you are required to provide all of the following materials or information:\\nCompleted application form.\\nApplication fee of $128.69.\\n3 Completed References. These are to be provided using the state’s official form, which is available on the website. The references are to be in individually sealed envelopes with the seal of the referring party on the back of the envelope. At least one of your references should come from a licensed surveyor.\\nA working sketch. You are to prepare a working sketch of a location of your choosing. Instructions for the sketch are reported on the website.\\nAn appointment with the Director of Surveying of the General Land Office. This appointment should be made before you create your working sketch.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take and pass the state license exam, if applicable.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will require a state-based exam, either in addition to or in place of the nationwide FS Exam. You should read your state’s license board’s website to find out if such an exam applies to you. If it does, you will need to submit your application materials in time to be able to take that exam.\\nStaying with the Texas example, you will need to submit your application by January 15 in order to take the LSLS exam in April, or by July 15 to take the LSLS exam in October.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Comply with any additional requirements for advanced or professional licensing.\", \"描述\": \"In many jurisdictions, the initial license that you will receive is a preliminary or temporary license. This will generally qualify you to work as a surveyor in conjunction with or under the supervision of a professionally licensed surveyor in your state. After some prescribed time, you will qualify to sit for an advanced exam, known nationally as the Professional Surveyor’s Exam (PS Exam). The procedure to register for the PS Exam, which is also administered by NCEES, is similar to the procedure for the FS Exam. You will also need to determine what your state requires for advanced licensing.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"A lot of hard work and dedication is required to become a certified land surveyor, so make sure that it is a career you will enjoy before you get started.\\n\", \"Surveying degrees are very competitive. Plan as far ahead as possible to ensure that you get the best grades possible in school.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Land surveyors spend a lot of time outdoors, often in unfavorable conditions.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,253 |
How to Become a Certified Life Coach
|
1. Training to be a Life Coach
1-1. Use online training modules.
Participating in live online training sessions allows you to take the training modules in the convenience of your own home if there is not a training center location close to you. You will participate through web conferencing technology with life coach teachers and other students.
Online courses may be available through specific coaching organizations, such as the International Coach Federation, or through current programs offered by practicing life coaches.
To get recommendations on the right training modules for you, find a current life coach that you respect and ask them, “What resources did you use to get your start with this career?”
Training modules provided or accredited by the ICF are generally coupled with a small number of mentorship hours for new life coaches to receive their credentials. There are many training modules available outside of the ICF, but these may require more mentorship hours to complete your certification.
1-2. Find distance learning courses.
Similar to online training courses, you can often find distance learning training courses that allow you to work through self-study guides in addition to virtual classrooms. This method also allows you to work at your own pace, and may offer more comprehensive education than individual modules.
Many distance learning courses are offered as degree or certificate programs through community colleges and universities. Such courses may allow you to learn online, or attend on campus if there is a program near you.
Distance learning courses often offer certificates in life coaching or degrees in a related field, such as psychology, with a concentration in life coaching. Getting a degree does not necessarily mean you have your credentials, though, nor are such degrees required for getting your credentials.
Some distance learning courses may also help you reach a certain number of client contact hours, which will be required to receive your coaching credentials.
1-3. Participate in local workshops.
Some training organizations offer training to become a life coach through workshops of varying duration. Check with local life coaches to see if they are doing any workshops for aspiring coaches, or look on the ICF website.
Workshops offer some unique opportunities to learn about specific specializations while in training. For example, coaches specialized in faith-based coaching, coaching for different age groups, or transformation-based coaching may offer workshops on how to break into that particular niche.
1-4. Meet one-on-one with a mentor.
Another way to get life coach training is through one-on-one mentoring with a qualified professional. You can meet with a life coach in person, over the phone, or through online meetings to get training tailored to your needs.
Reach out to local life coaches via email or over the phone and say, “I am looking to get my credentials as a life coach. Are you taking on any mentees at this time?”
Independent organizations such as the ICF or the Coach Training Alliance may also be able to place you in contact with mentors suited to your specific needs.
A mentor may also be able to help you work toward the client contact hours needed for your credentials by allowing you to work with them in parts of their practice.
2. Applying for Your Credentials
2-1. Look at different credential levels.
Life coach certification is administered through the International Coach Federation. According to the ICF, there are 3 levels of certification to be a life coach:
Associate Certified Coach (ACC). This credential requires 60 hours of coach training, and 100 hours of client contact.
Professional Certified Coach (PCC). This credential requires 130 hours of coach training, and 750 hours of client contact hours.
Master Certified Coach (MCC). This credential requires 200 hours of coach training, 2,500 hours of client contact hours, and 10 hours of work with a qualified mentor.
2-2. Start client contact hours.
In order to get your credentials, you will need to start working with your own coaching clients and recording your progress as a coach. Contact the ICF or work with your training program to get started with new clients.
Work with your mentor to get recommendations for potential clients. Ask them, "If you meet with a new client but cannot take them on, would you provide them with my information?"
Many training programs will provide you with information on how to begin the client contact process.
2-3. Log your client contact hours.
Credentials are the hallmark of a qualified life coach, but they are not necessary to get started coaching. In fact, to get your credentials you need to log a certain number of hours as a coach with your own clients first. Begin coaching clients using what you learned in training.
A coaching log will be necessary to get your credentials. Keep a thorough log of your coaching activities in order to apply for your credentials.
Samples of coaching logs may be found online from resources posted through other life coaches, or you may opt to use an app or software such as Life Coach Office to keep a comprehensive digital log.
All client contact hours must have occurred less than 18 months prior to the day you apply for your credentials. If you are interested in furthering your credentials in the near future, keep recording these contact hours even after you receive your first set of credentials.
2-4. Submit your application.
Compile proof of your training hours, such as transcripts or certificates of completion, as well as your coaching log. Submit these along with the credentials survey and other application material to the ICF.
If you have any questions about the materials required for your credentials, or if you are not sure if your training program meets the ICF requirements, contact their offices directly to ask for assistance.
2-5. Take your Coach Knowledge Assessment.
After your application for credentials is reviewed, you will be prompted to take a Coach Knowledge Assessment test. This exam is required by the ICF, and focuses on creating open channels of communication with clients, fostering results through active coaching, and adhering to the ICF's code of ethics.
Depending upon your coaching credentials path, you may take the exam at a different point during your application review.
The exam is offered in a number of languages including English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and others. Check to see if the exam is available in your native language.
3. Specializing Your Practice
3-1. Choose your niche.
Once you have been certified as a life coach, you can work in many different areas and in different capacities. Many life coaches will likely start their own practice, working with clients directly on specific areas of knowledge.
Areas of specialization can include business coaching, career coaching, time management, health and wellness coaching or academic coaching.
No additional training is required to specialize. Instead,develop your business by offering your skills to a niche group that is looking for coaching, such as businesses or those in relationships.
3-2. Find continuing education.
No further training is required to specialize your practice, but continuing coaching education may help you find a specialty for your practice. Look at working with a mentor, or find a training program that will help you specialize.
Specialization courses are often from for-profit programs and are generally not affiliated with the ICF.
3-3. Start your practice.
Once you have your training, credentials, and specialization, you are ready to start working as a certified life coach. Start recruiting clients into your practice that want coaching relating to your specialization.
Try to continue working with clients from when you were accruing your client contact hours, as well.
Keep attending workshops and continuing education courses during your coaching career to learn about new practices and keep your coaching skills sharp.
Tips
When looking for training programs, try to find ones that are accredited through the International Coach Federation.
Warnings
There are many qualifications one can accrue to become a life coach, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all-path to becoming a life coach.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training to be a Life Coach\\n1-1. Use online training modules.\\nParticipating in live online training sessions allows you to take the training modules in the convenience of your own home if there is not a training center location close to you. You will participate through web conferencing technology with life coach teachers and other students.\\nOnline courses may be available through specific coaching organizations, such as the International Coach Federation, or through current programs offered by practicing life coaches.\\nTo get recommendations on the right training modules for you, find a current life coach that you respect and ask them, “What resources did you use to get your start with this career?”\\nTraining modules provided or accredited by the ICF are generally coupled with a small number of mentorship hours for new life coaches to receive their credentials. There are many training modules available outside of the ICF, but these may require more mentorship hours to complete your certification.\\n1-2. Find distance learning courses.\\nSimilar to online training courses, you can often find distance learning training courses that allow you to work through self-study guides in addition to virtual classrooms. This method also allows you to work at your own pace, and may offer more comprehensive education than individual modules.\\nMany distance learning courses are offered as degree or certificate programs through community colleges and universities. Such courses may allow you to learn online, or attend on campus if there is a program near you.\\nDistance learning courses often offer certificates in life coaching or degrees in a related field, such as psychology, with a concentration in life coaching. Getting a degree does not necessarily mean you have your credentials, though, nor are such degrees required for getting your credentials.\\nSome distance learning courses may also help you reach a certain number of client contact hours, which will be required to receive your coaching credentials.\\n1-3. Participate in local workshops.\\nSome training organizations offer training to become a life coach through workshops of varying duration. Check with local life coaches to see if they are doing any workshops for aspiring coaches, or look on the ICF website.\\nWorkshops offer some unique opportunities to learn about specific specializations while in training. For example, coaches specialized in faith-based coaching, coaching for different age groups, or transformation-based coaching may offer workshops on how to break into that particular niche.\\n1-4. Meet one-on-one with a mentor.\\nAnother way to get life coach training is through one-on-one mentoring with a qualified professional. You can meet with a life coach in person, over the phone, or through online meetings to get training tailored to your needs.\\nReach out to local life coaches via email or over the phone and say, “I am looking to get my credentials as a life coach. Are you taking on any mentees at this time?”\\nIndependent organizations such as the ICF or the Coach Training Alliance may also be able to place you in contact with mentors suited to your specific needs.\\nA mentor may also be able to help you work toward the client contact hours needed for your credentials by allowing you to work with them in parts of their practice.\\n2. Applying for Your Credentials\\n2-1. Look at different credential levels.\\nLife coach certification is administered through the International Coach Federation. According to the ICF, there are 3 levels of certification to be a life coach:\\nAssociate Certified Coach (ACC). This credential requires 60 hours of coach training, and 100 hours of client contact.\\nProfessional Certified Coach (PCC). This credential requires 130 hours of coach training, and 750 hours of client contact hours.\\nMaster Certified Coach (MCC). This credential requires 200 hours of coach training, 2,500 hours of client contact hours, and 10 hours of work with a qualified mentor.\\n2-2. Start client contact hours.\\nIn order to get your credentials, you will need to start working with your own coaching clients and recording your progress as a coach. Contact the ICF or work with your training program to get started with new clients.\\nWork with your mentor to get recommendations for potential clients. Ask them, \\\"If you meet with a new client but cannot take them on, would you provide them with my information?\\\"\\nMany training programs will provide you with information on how to begin the client contact process.\\n2-3. Log your client contact hours.\\nCredentials are the hallmark of a qualified life coach, but they are not necessary to get started coaching. In fact, to get your credentials you need to log a certain number of hours as a coach with your own clients first. Begin coaching clients using what you learned in training.\\nA coaching log will be necessary to get your credentials. Keep a thorough log of your coaching activities in order to apply for your credentials.\\nSamples of coaching logs may be found online from resources posted through other life coaches, or you may opt to use an app or software such as Life Coach Office to keep a comprehensive digital log.\\nAll client contact hours must have occurred less than 18 months prior to the day you apply for your credentials. If you are interested in furthering your credentials in the near future, keep recording these contact hours even after you receive your first set of credentials.\\n2-4. Submit your application.\\nCompile proof of your training hours, such as transcripts or certificates of completion, as well as your coaching log. Submit these along with the credentials survey and other application material to the ICF.\\nIf you have any questions about the materials required for your credentials, or if you are not sure if your training program meets the ICF requirements, contact their offices directly to ask for assistance.\\n2-5. Take your Coach Knowledge Assessment.\\nAfter your application for credentials is reviewed, you will be prompted to take a Coach Knowledge Assessment test. This exam is required by the ICF, and focuses on creating open channels of communication with clients, fostering results through active coaching, and adhering to the ICF's code of ethics.\\nDepending upon your coaching credentials path, you may take the exam at a different point during your application review.\\nThe exam is offered in a number of languages including English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and others. Check to see if the exam is available in your native language.\\n3. Specializing Your Practice\\n3-1. Choose your niche.\\nOnce you have been certified as a life coach, you can work in many different areas and in different capacities. Many life coaches will likely start their own practice, working with clients directly on specific areas of knowledge.\\nAreas of specialization can include business coaching, career coaching, time management, health and wellness coaching or academic coaching.\\nNo additional training is required to specialize. Instead,develop your business by offering your skills to a niche group that is looking for coaching, such as businesses or those in relationships.\\n3-2. Find continuing education.\\nNo further training is required to specialize your practice, but continuing coaching education may help you find a specialty for your practice. Look at working with a mentor, or find a training program that will help you specialize.\\nSpecialization courses are often from for-profit programs and are generally not affiliated with the ICF.\\n3-3. Start your practice.\\nOnce you have your training, credentials, and specialization, you are ready to start working as a certified life coach. Start recruiting clients into your practice that want coaching relating to your specialization.\\nTry to continue working with clients from when you were accruing your client contact hours, as well.\\nKeep attending workshops and continuing education courses during your coaching career to learn about new practices and keep your coaching skills sharp.\\nTips\\nWhen looking for training programs, try to find ones that are accredited through the International Coach Federation.\\nWarnings\\nThere are many qualifications one can accrue to become a life coach, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all-path to becoming a life coach.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Certified life coaches are people who are trained in helping others reach their potential in their professional and personal lives. While there are no regulations regarding becoming a life coach, those who chose to be certified by a respected coaching body must complete training requirements, log hours of coaching, and complete a competency exam. This rigorous process assures clients that they have achieved the standards set forth by the International Coach Federation (ICF), the body that oversees life coaching certification.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training to be a Life Coach\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use online training modules.\", \"描述\": \"Participating in live online training sessions allows you to take the training modules in the convenience of your own home if there is not a training center location close to you. You will participate through web conferencing technology with life coach teachers and other students.\\nOnline courses may be available through specific coaching organizations, such as the International Coach Federation, or through current programs offered by practicing life coaches.\\nTo get recommendations on the right training modules for you, find a current life coach that you respect and ask them, “What resources did you use to get your start with this career?”\\nTraining modules provided or accredited by the ICF are generally coupled with a small number of mentorship hours for new life coaches to receive their credentials. There are many training modules available outside of the ICF, but these may require more mentorship hours to complete your certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find distance learning courses.\", \"描述\": \"Similar to online training courses, you can often find distance learning training courses that allow you to work through self-study guides in addition to virtual classrooms. This method also allows you to work at your own pace, and may offer more comprehensive education than individual modules.\\nMany distance learning courses are offered as degree or certificate programs through community colleges and universities. Such courses may allow you to learn online, or attend on campus if there is a program near you.\\nDistance learning courses often offer certificates in life coaching or degrees in a related field, such as psychology, with a concentration in life coaching. Getting a degree does not necessarily mean you have your credentials, though, nor are such degrees required for getting your credentials.\\nSome distance learning courses may also help you reach a certain number of client contact hours, which will be required to receive your coaching credentials.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in local workshops.\", \"描述\": \"Some training organizations offer training to become a life coach through workshops of varying duration. Check with local life coaches to see if they are doing any workshops for aspiring coaches, or look on the ICF website.\\nWorkshops offer some unique opportunities to learn about specific specializations while in training. For example, coaches specialized in faith-based coaching, coaching for different age groups, or transformation-based coaching may offer workshops on how to break into that particular niche.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Meet one-on-one with a mentor.\", \"描述\": \"Another way to get life coach training is through one-on-one mentoring with a qualified professional. You can meet with a life coach in person, over the phone, or through online meetings to get training tailored to your needs.\\nReach out to local life coaches via email or over the phone and say, “I am looking to get my credentials as a life coach. Are you taking on any mentees at this time?”\\nIndependent organizations such as the ICF or the Coach Training Alliance may also be able to place you in contact with mentors suited to your specific needs.\\nA mentor may also be able to help you work toward the client contact hours needed for your credentials by allowing you to work with them in parts of their practice.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Your Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look at different credential levels.\", \"描述\": \"Life coach certification is administered through the International Coach Federation. According to the ICF, there are 3 levels of certification to be a life coach:\\nAssociate Certified Coach (ACC). This credential requires 60 hours of coach training, and 100 hours of client contact.\\nProfessional Certified Coach (PCC). This credential requires 130 hours of coach training, and 750 hours of client contact hours.\\nMaster Certified Coach (MCC). This credential requires 200 hours of coach training, 2,500 hours of client contact hours, and 10 hours of work with a qualified mentor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start client contact hours.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get your credentials, you will need to start working with your own coaching clients and recording your progress as a coach. Contact the ICF or work with your training program to get started with new clients.\\nWork with your mentor to get recommendations for potential clients. Ask them, \\\"If you meet with a new client but cannot take them on, would you provide them with my information?\\\"\\nMany training programs will provide you with information on how to begin the client contact process.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Log your client contact hours.\", \"描述\": \"Credentials are the hallmark of a qualified life coach, but they are not necessary to get started coaching. In fact, to get your credentials you need to log a certain number of hours as a coach with your own clients first. Begin coaching clients using what you learned in training.\\nA coaching log will be necessary to get your credentials. Keep a thorough log of your coaching activities in order to apply for your credentials.\\nSamples of coaching logs may be found online from resources posted through other life coaches, or you may opt to use an app or software such as Life Coach Office to keep a comprehensive digital log.\\nAll client contact hours must have occurred less than 18 months prior to the day you apply for your credentials. If you are interested in furthering your credentials in the near future, keep recording these contact hours even after you receive your first set of credentials.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit your application.\", \"描述\": \"Compile proof of your training hours, such as transcripts or certificates of completion, as well as your coaching log. Submit these along with the credentials survey and other application material to the ICF.\\nIf you have any questions about the materials required for your credentials, or if you are not sure if your training program meets the ICF requirements, contact their offices directly to ask for assistance.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take your Coach Knowledge Assessment.\", \"描述\": \"After your application for credentials is reviewed, you will be prompted to take a Coach Knowledge Assessment test. This exam is required by the ICF, and focuses on creating open channels of communication with clients, fostering results through active coaching, and adhering to the ICF's code of ethics.\\nDepending upon your coaching credentials path, you may take the exam at a different point during your application review.\\nThe exam is offered in a number of languages including English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and others. Check to see if the exam is available in your native language.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Specializing Your Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose your niche.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been certified as a life coach, you can work in many different areas and in different capacities. Many life coaches will likely start their own practice, working with clients directly on specific areas of knowledge.\\nAreas of specialization can include business coaching, career coaching, time management, health and wellness coaching or academic coaching.\\nNo additional training is required to specialize. Instead,develop your business by offering your skills to a niche group that is looking for coaching, such as businesses or those in relationships.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find continuing education.\", \"描述\": \"No further training is required to specialize your practice, but continuing coaching education may help you find a specialty for your practice. Look at working with a mentor, or find a training program that will help you specialize.\\nSpecialization courses are often from for-profit programs and are generally not affiliated with the ICF.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start your practice.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have your training, credentials, and specialization, you are ready to start working as a certified life coach. Start recruiting clients into your practice that want coaching relating to your specialization.\\nTry to continue working with clients from when you were accruing your client contact hours, as well.\\nKeep attending workshops and continuing education courses during your coaching career to learn about new practices and keep your coaching skills sharp.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"When looking for training programs, try to find ones that are accredited through the International Coach Federation.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"There are many qualifications one can accrue to become a life coach, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all-path to becoming a life coach.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,254 |
How to Become a Certified Management Accountant (CMA)
|
1. Meeting The CMA Requirements
1-1. Obtain a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance or economics.
The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) dictates the requirements for CMAs. The website is http://www.imanet.org. Make sure your program of study includes an emphasis on business studies, such business law, management, marketing and taxation.
A Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a similar designation to the CMA. The CPA credential is focused on accounting and auditing professionals. A CMA professional focuses more on management decision-making and analysis.
If you are unsure whether you want to become a CMA or a CPA, check on the course requirements for both credentials. You may be able to schedule your coursework to meet both sets of requirements.
Accounting or finance internships give you real world experience and help you to network for full-time positions. Consider applying for internships while you are in school. Working at an internship will help you decide which career path is the right one for you.
1-2. Get your necessary work experience.
The CMA designation requires 2 years of continuous work experience. Your work needs to be in a CMA-related field. These jobs include accounting, auditing, financial analysis or budgeting.
You can complete this 2-year work experience after you take the exam as well. Once you are a CMA candidate, you have 7 years to submit proof of your financial management experience.
Part-time positions can also count toward the 2-year work requirement. If you work 20 hours a week or more, you can be considered as part-time. Note, however, that it takes four years of part-time work to meet the 2-year requirement.
When you’re applying for jobs, check with both your employer and the IMA. They can verify if your position meets the requirements for the CMA.
1-3. Apply for membership in the Institute of Management Accountants.
The annual membership cost will vary, based on your status as a student or as an employee working in the field. Membership in this professional organization gives you access to exam preparation, employment boards and continuing education courses.
Once you apply and pay the membership fee, you will be eligible to take the CMA exams within the next 3 years.
Send the IMA your college transcripts.
Download and complete an experience verification form. These are available on the IMA website. You will be required to list all of your management accounting work experience.
2. Taking The CMA Exam
2-1. Go over the structure of the CMA exam parts.
The CMA requires you to pass two exam parts. Each part has a multiple-choice section and an essay portion. Consider taking a CMA exam prep course through your university or the Institute of Management Accountants. The IMA recommends that you dedicate at least 2 months of study to this exam.
You can choose which part of the exam that you take first. Each part consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and two essay questions.
Part one covers financial reporting, planning, budget topics and cash management topics.
Part two tests your knowledge of financial statements analysis, risk management and investment decisions.
2-2. Complete the registration to take your CMA exam.
You should review the CMA Handbook to verify that you meet all of the requirements. The handbook is on the website. You will need to take at least one part within the first year of purchasing the CMA exam.
Access the CMA Resource Guide on the website. The guide lists all of the specific content areas on the exam. Knowing those areas will help you study for the exam.
You must pass both exam parts within 3 years of starting the program.
Each part gives you 3 hours for the multiple-choice questions and 1 hour each for the essay questions. You must score at least 50% on the multiple-choice portion to continue and take the essay questions.
Both exams will include sections on professional ethics.
2-3. Review you exam results.
The multiple-choice section of each part can be graded quickly. The essay portion, however, takes longer to grade. Exam reviewers who work or teach in the field manually grade your essay questions.
If you fail a portion of the exam, you will be emailed a performance report. That report ranks your performance as satisfactory, marginal or not satisfactory. You’ll get a ranking for each topic on a particular exam part.
Use the performance report to study for the exam and take it again.
Once you have passed your exams and meet all eligibility requirements you will receive your certification. You will need to complete 30 hours of continuing education credits annually in order to maintain your certification.
3. Finding A Job
3-1. Find out exactly what types of jobs and industries need CMAs.
Management accounting focuses on internal company decision-making. When a company needs to decide whether to manufacture a component part or outsource the work, they are making a management decision.
Use what you learned for the CMA exam to search for job leads. CMAs can perform financial analysis and budgeting tasks, for example.
When you’re looking at any type of job posting, note the language used to describe the job. Compare that language to the skills you’ve developed studying for the exam and working in the field.
Since a CMA focuses on management decisions, you can fill several types of roles at a company. A CMA may be an accountant, auditor or an operations manager. You can consider a variety of positions during your job search.
3-2. Create an effective resume.
Think carefully about the work you performed to meet the CMA exam requirement. Also, take into account the exam topics that were the most interesting for you. Keep those ideas in mind as you create your resume.
Your resume can be in chronological order. This resume starts with your most recent work experience at the top, with older jobs below. You can also organize your resume by skill type. If you managed people in a job, for example, a section of your resume might explain the highlights of that experience.
You should clearly state an objective at the top of your resume. The objective helps a potential employer understand where you ultimately want to go in your career.
You may need to change your resume to meet the specific needs of a job you want to pursue.
3-3. Use several types of resources to look for a job.
Start by networking with people that you know. From there, expand the process by searching the Internet for jobs that may fit your education and experience.
Your network can also educate you on a particular company you’re interviewing with, or a specific type of job. Say, for example, that you have an interview to be a financial analyst at a bank. Someone in your network may work in banking. They can help you understand the type of work you’ll do.
If you get an interview, go back to your network and see if someone can help you prepare for interview questions. Your network contact at the bank, for example, can help you prepare for interview questions. They may have been asked similar questions during their interview.
Invest the time to properly prepare for every interview. Do research on the company and the position they are trying to fill. Put together 4-5 questions you can ask the interviewer. All of this effort can help you differentiate yourself from your competitors.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:33",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting The CMA Requirements\\n1-1. Obtain a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance or economics.\\nThe Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) dictates the requirements for CMAs. The website is http://www.imanet.org. Make sure your program of study includes an emphasis on business studies, such business law, management, marketing and taxation.\\nA Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a similar designation to the CMA. The CPA credential is focused on accounting and auditing professionals. A CMA professional focuses more on management decision-making and analysis.\\nIf you are unsure whether you want to become a CMA or a CPA, check on the course requirements for both credentials. You may be able to schedule your coursework to meet both sets of requirements.\\nAccounting or finance internships give you real world experience and help you to network for full-time positions. Consider applying for internships while you are in school. Working at an internship will help you decide which career path is the right one for you.\\n1-2. Get your necessary work experience.\\nThe CMA designation requires 2 years of continuous work experience. Your work needs to be in a CMA-related field. These jobs include accounting, auditing, financial analysis or budgeting.\\nYou can complete this 2-year work experience after you take the exam as well. Once you are a CMA candidate, you have 7 years to submit proof of your financial management experience.\\nPart-time positions can also count toward the 2-year work requirement. If you work 20 hours a week or more, you can be considered as part-time. Note, however, that it takes four years of part-time work to meet the 2-year requirement.\\nWhen you’re applying for jobs, check with both your employer and the IMA. They can verify if your position meets the requirements for the CMA.\\n1-3. Apply for membership in the Institute of Management Accountants.\\nThe annual membership cost will vary, based on your status as a student or as an employee working in the field. Membership in this professional organization gives you access to exam preparation, employment boards and continuing education courses.\\nOnce you apply and pay the membership fee, you will be eligible to take the CMA exams within the next 3 years.\\nSend the IMA your college transcripts.\\nDownload and complete an experience verification form. These are available on the IMA website. You will be required to list all of your management accounting work experience.\\n2. Taking The CMA Exam\\n2-1. Go over the structure of the CMA exam parts.\\nThe CMA requires you to pass two exam parts. Each part has a multiple-choice section and an essay portion. Consider taking a CMA exam prep course through your university or the Institute of Management Accountants. The IMA recommends that you dedicate at least 2 months of study to this exam.\\nYou can choose which part of the exam that you take first. Each part consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and two essay questions.\\nPart one covers financial reporting, planning, budget topics and cash management topics.\\nPart two tests your knowledge of financial statements analysis, risk management and investment decisions.\\n2-2. Complete the registration to take your CMA exam.\\nYou should review the CMA Handbook to verify that you meet all of the requirements. The handbook is on the website. You will need to take at least one part within the first year of purchasing the CMA exam.\\nAccess the CMA Resource Guide on the website. The guide lists all of the specific content areas on the exam. Knowing those areas will help you study for the exam.\\nYou must pass both exam parts within 3 years of starting the program.\\nEach part gives you 3 hours for the multiple-choice questions and 1 hour each for the essay questions. You must score at least 50% on the multiple-choice portion to continue and take the essay questions.\\nBoth exams will include sections on professional ethics.\\n2-3. Review you exam results.\\nThe multiple-choice section of each part can be graded quickly. The essay portion, however, takes longer to grade. Exam reviewers who work or teach in the field manually grade your essay questions.\\nIf you fail a portion of the exam, you will be emailed a performance report. That report ranks your performance as satisfactory, marginal or not satisfactory. You’ll get a ranking for each topic on a particular exam part.\\nUse the performance report to study for the exam and take it again.\\nOnce you have passed your exams and meet all eligibility requirements you will receive your certification. You will need to complete 30 hours of continuing education credits annually in order to maintain your certification.\\n3. Finding A Job\\n3-1. Find out exactly what types of jobs and industries need CMAs.\\nManagement accounting focuses on internal company decision-making. When a company needs to decide whether to manufacture a component part or outsource the work, they are making a management decision.\\nUse what you learned for the CMA exam to search for job leads. CMAs can perform financial analysis and budgeting tasks, for example.\\nWhen you’re looking at any type of job posting, note the language used to describe the job. Compare that language to the skills you’ve developed studying for the exam and working in the field.\\nSince a CMA focuses on management decisions, you can fill several types of roles at a company. A CMA may be an accountant, auditor or an operations manager. You can consider a variety of positions during your job search.\\n3-2. Create an effective resume.\\nThink carefully about the work you performed to meet the CMA exam requirement. Also, take into account the exam topics that were the most interesting for you. Keep those ideas in mind as you create your resume.\\nYour resume can be in chronological order. This resume starts with your most recent work experience at the top, with older jobs below. You can also organize your resume by skill type. If you managed people in a job, for example, a section of your resume might explain the highlights of that experience.\\nYou should clearly state an objective at the top of your resume. The objective helps a potential employer understand where you ultimately want to go in your career.\\nYou may need to change your resume to meet the specific needs of a job you want to pursue.\\n3-3. Use several types of resources to look for a job.\\nStart by networking with people that you know. From there, expand the process by searching the Internet for jobs that may fit your education and experience.\\nYour network can also educate you on a particular company you’re interviewing with, or a specific type of job. Say, for example, that you have an interview to be a financial analyst at a bank. Someone in your network may work in banking. They can help you understand the type of work you’ll do.\\nIf you get an interview, go back to your network and see if someone can help you prepare for interview questions. Your network contact at the bank, for example, can help you prepare for interview questions. They may have been asked similar questions during their interview.\\nInvest the time to properly prepare for every interview. Do research on the company and the position they are trying to fill. Put together 4-5 questions you can ask the interviewer. All of this effort can help you differentiate yourself from your competitors.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is an accounting or finance specialist. CMAs work in the areas of financial planning, analysis, and management decision-making. Many accountants, auditors and financial analysts earn the CMA designation to advance in their careers. The CMA credential has specific education and work experience requirements. You must also earn a passing score on the CMA certification exam.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting The CMA Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance or economics.\", \"描述\": \"The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) dictates the requirements for CMAs. The website is http://www.imanet.org. Make sure your program of study includes an emphasis on business studies, such business law, management, marketing and taxation.\\nA Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a similar designation to the CMA. The CPA credential is focused on accounting and auditing professionals. A CMA professional focuses more on management decision-making and analysis.\\nIf you are unsure whether you want to become a CMA or a CPA, check on the course requirements for both credentials. You may be able to schedule your coursework to meet both sets of requirements.\\nAccounting or finance internships give you real world experience and help you to network for full-time positions. Consider applying for internships while you are in school. Working at an internship will help you decide which career path is the right one for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your necessary work experience.\", \"描述\": \"The CMA designation requires 2 years of continuous work experience. Your work needs to be in a CMA-related field. These jobs include accounting, auditing, financial analysis or budgeting.\\nYou can complete this 2-year work experience after you take the exam as well. Once you are a CMA candidate, you have 7 years to submit proof of your financial management experience.\\nPart-time positions can also count toward the 2-year work requirement. If you work 20 hours a week or more, you can be considered as part-time. Note, however, that it takes four years of part-time work to meet the 2-year requirement.\\nWhen you’re applying for jobs, check with both your employer and the IMA. They can verify if your position meets the requirements for the CMA.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for membership in the Institute of Management Accountants.\", \"描述\": \"The annual membership cost will vary, based on your status as a student or as an employee working in the field. Membership in this professional organization gives you access to exam preparation, employment boards and continuing education courses.\\nOnce you apply and pay the membership fee, you will be eligible to take the CMA exams within the next 3 years.\\nSend the IMA your college transcripts.\\nDownload and complete an experience verification form. These are available on the IMA website. You will be required to list all of your management accounting work experience.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking The CMA Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go over the structure of the CMA exam parts.\", \"描述\": \"The CMA requires you to pass two exam parts. Each part has a multiple-choice section and an essay portion. Consider taking a CMA exam prep course through your university or the Institute of Management Accountants. The IMA recommends that you dedicate at least 2 months of study to this exam.\\nYou can choose which part of the exam that you take first. Each part consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and two essay questions.\\nPart one covers financial reporting, planning, budget topics and cash management topics.\\nPart two tests your knowledge of financial statements analysis, risk management and investment decisions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete the registration to take your CMA exam.\", \"描述\": \"You should review the CMA Handbook to verify that you meet all of the requirements. The handbook is on the website. You will need to take at least one part within the first year of purchasing the CMA exam.\\nAccess the CMA Resource Guide on the website. The guide lists all of the specific content areas on the exam. Knowing those areas will help you study for the exam.\\nYou must pass both exam parts within 3 years of starting the program.\\nEach part gives you 3 hours for the multiple-choice questions and 1 hour each for the essay questions. You must score at least 50% on the multiple-choice portion to continue and take the essay questions.\\nBoth exams will include sections on professional ethics.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review you exam results.\", \"描述\": \"The multiple-choice section of each part can be graded quickly. The essay portion, however, takes longer to grade. Exam reviewers who work or teach in the field manually grade your essay questions.\\nIf you fail a portion of the exam, you will be emailed a performance report. That report ranks your performance as satisfactory, marginal or not satisfactory. You’ll get a ranking for each topic on a particular exam part.\\nUse the performance report to study for the exam and take it again.\\nOnce you have passed your exams and meet all eligibility requirements you will receive your certification. You will need to complete 30 hours of continuing education credits annually in order to maintain your certification.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding A Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out exactly what types of jobs and industries need CMAs.\", \"描述\": \"Management accounting focuses on internal company decision-making. When a company needs to decide whether to manufacture a component part or outsource the work, they are making a management decision.\\nUse what you learned for the CMA exam to search for job leads. CMAs can perform financial analysis and budgeting tasks, for example.\\nWhen you’re looking at any type of job posting, note the language used to describe the job. Compare that language to the skills you’ve developed studying for the exam and working in the field.\\nSince a CMA focuses on management decisions, you can fill several types of roles at a company. A CMA may be an accountant, auditor or an operations manager. You can consider a variety of positions during your job search.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create an effective resume.\", \"描述\": \"Think carefully about the work you performed to meet the CMA exam requirement. Also, take into account the exam topics that were the most interesting for you. Keep those ideas in mind as you create your resume.\\nYour resume can be in chronological order. This resume starts with your most recent work experience at the top, with older jobs below. You can also organize your resume by skill type. If you managed people in a job, for example, a section of your resume might explain the highlights of that experience.\\nYou should clearly state an objective at the top of your resume. The objective helps a potential employer understand where you ultimately want to go in your career.\\nYou may need to change your resume to meet the specific needs of a job you want to pursue.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use several types of resources to look for a job.\", \"描述\": \"Start by networking with people that you know. From there, expand the process by searching the Internet for jobs that may fit your education and experience.\\nYour network can also educate you on a particular company you’re interviewing with, or a specific type of job. Say, for example, that you have an interview to be a financial analyst at a bank. Someone in your network may work in banking. They can help you understand the type of work you’ll do.\\nIf you get an interview, go back to your network and see if someone can help you prepare for interview questions. Your network contact at the bank, for example, can help you prepare for interview questions. They may have been asked similar questions during their interview.\\nInvest the time to properly prepare for every interview. Do research on the company and the position they are trying to fill. Put together 4-5 questions you can ask the interviewer. All of this effort can help you differentiate yourself from your competitors.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,255 |
How to Become a Certified Medical Biller
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1. Getting Certified and Practical Experience
1-1. Recognize your options.
You don’t need certification to work as a medical biller. However, it’s a good idea to consider getting certification through independent organizations or one of the two primary medical billing organizations, the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the American Medical Billing Association (AMBA), or the American Academy of Professional Coders. Not only will these programs give you the necessary education to be a medical biller, but they also offer courses to make you a more thorough and effective medical biller. This may translate to a better job for you.
Consider getting certified with one of the two primary national programs, which offer courses on being a medical biller, but supporting courses on being a medical coder, computer codes, and business practices.
Be aware that many community and technical colleges and universities offer 2 or 4 year programs to be a certified medical biller. Meet with an admissions professional to discuss your options and see if the medical billing course ends with certification through one of the national organizations. In many cases, these degree programs will prepare you to sit for one of the national certification exams.
1-2. Obtain required education.
At a minimum, you need a high school diploma or GED to be a medical biller. Some programs, such as AAPC, require an associate’s degree and coursework in anatomy, physiology, or other related fields. Finally, you may also need vocational training to get your certification.
Figure out the type of medical billing you want to do. If you want to simply create medical bills, you can enroll in online programs such as AHIMA and AAPC. However, if you would like to work in a variety of environments such as a hospital or doctor’s office, you will need more education that is also available from these organizations as well as local colleges and technical schools.
Enroll in any required courses and consider adding classes that will boost your basic knowledge. Be aware that the more classes you take, the more it will cost you. Consider applying for what you can afford and boosting your education as you can afford it.
1-3. Register for a certification program.
Consider the different program options including independent certification programs and recognized programs such as AAPC or AHIMA. Each program has different education and certification requirements, but they are generally made up of the basic components of education and a certification examination. Review each program’s features to see which best suits your wishes and needs for being a medical biller. Consider factors including cost and the timeframe for obtaining certification..
Enroll in a certification program either at the AAPC or AHIMA websites. These can also point you to affiliated programs in your area.
Provide any information necessary to enroll. This generally includes your personal information, educational and professional background, and anything else that may be relevant to your desire to be a medical biller. You may also need to become a member of the certifying organization. Finally, pay any course fees required by the program.
1-4. Fulfill education requirements.
After you’ve registered for an education and certification program, you must meet education requirements such as coursework and participating in webinars in order to take the certification exam. Your coursework helps you not only pass the certification exam, but also optimally perform your duties as a medical biller.
Follow the coursework requirements detailed in your education packet. In general, these include elements such as assigning proper medical codes for specific diagnoses and procedures performed by doctors, proficiency with a broad range of services including management and anesthesia, knowledge of medical coding guidelines and regulations, knowing how to integrate coding and payment changes into an existing system, and knowledge of the terminology used in a medical office.
1-5. Do an internship.
Some programs may require practical experience as a part of their education program. If yours doesn’t, consider doing an internship or working in a medical office to gain practical experience that can boost your education and help you pass the certification exam. In addition, an internship may open to the door for you to future employment.
Speak to a career counselor, local doctor’s office, or draw on a professional network about getting practical experience. Ask about the best types of work for your specific education and certification goals.
Be aware that many organizations consider two years experience as a medical biller necessary to pass the certification exam.
1-6. Submit an application for certification.
Once you’ve finished your education and pre-certification requirements, submit an application to your certifying organization to take the certification exam. Check your organization's website to get exact application requirements.
Schedule an exam date from the options in your area. Remember that you must attend an exam with a proctor at a physical location.
Obtain any letters of recommendation and employer verification you need to take the exam.
Pay any additional fees necessary to sit the exam.
1-7. Prepare for your certification exam.
Once you’ve applied to take the certification exam, you’ll need to take it to obtain your medical biller certification. You should study before the exam to improve your chances of passing on the first try.
Meet with classmates or attend organizations’ local chapter meetings to meet people with whom you can study. You may find you learn more by studying as a group than if you study alone.
Use the most recent coding books to study for the exam. These resources are updated every year and not using the proper volume may hinder your ability to pass. Make sure to study a variety of topics for your exam. Many exams will have questions on the following fields: anatomy, medical terminology, information technology and computers, coding, insurance, fraud and abuse, compliance and health laws.
1-8. Take the certification exam.
In most cases, you will take the exam at a designated location, but some programs may allow you to take the certification examination online. After scheduling the exam date and preparing yourself, sit the exam at a time you feel comfortable. Make sure you pay any fees up front so that you can enter the job market as quickly as possible.
Verify any examination information you receive from the certification organization. You may receive this electronically or by mail. Make sure to note the name of your proctor and phone number to verify examination information.
Get your exam results between 7-10 days after you sit the exam. Results are generally available online and by mail.
Be aware of policies if you fail the exam. Some organization will require you to pay a fee each time you take the exam. You may also need to wait for a specific period of time between exams.
1-9. Update your certification.
Depending on your certifying organization, you will need to recertify your skills every few years. This helps you stay on top of coding developments and trends and maintain your professional appearance.
Consider recertification requirements when you start your education and certification process. You’ll generally need a certain number of continuing education units to get your recertification. You may also need further coursework.
Provide any documentation and pay any fees needed for recertification. You may need to show the following information: coding self-assessments, proof of obtaining continuing education credits, participation in accepted and qualified continuing education programs, and proof of payment of fees.
2. Finding Work
2-1. Apply for jobs.
As a certified medical biller, you have the option of working in different professional environments. Depending on your preferences and experience, you could work in a hospital, doctor’s office or with another healthcare provider.
Send letters of intent to local employers about your interest in working for them and your credentials. For example, contact local hospitals and inquire if they are looking for someone with your certification and skills.
Ask fellow medical billers in your local area if they know of any job opportunities.
Check the websites of professional organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA for job listings.
Register yourself with a headhunter or placement agency to help find opportunities as a medical biller.
2-2. Be a volunteer.
If you’re recently certified and looking for a job, consider volunteering during your down time. Choose a hospital, doctor’s office, or another facility where you think you might like to work. This can help you build your network of colleagues and may also alert you to job opportunities more quickly.
Consider volunteering as a way to gain valuable practical experience and make inroads in the medical billing profession. Remember that it will also look good on your resume.
2-3. Network with other billing professionals.
Meeting other medical billers can expand your knowledge of the profession and help you find work. Attend workshops, local chapter meetings, and national conferences whenever you get the chance.
Join local and national medical biller organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA. These organizations have local chapters, regular meetings, national conferences, and events where you can meet other certified medical billers.
3. Considering a Career as a Medical Biller
3-1. Inform yourself about medical billing.
If you want a career in medicine, but don’t want to be a doctor, consider working as a medical biller. Helping a medical facility run smoothly can be very rewarding. It allows you to work with doctors, patients, and others such as insurance companies.
Providing assistance can be very rewarding not only for you, but also to the people whom your work supports.
Be aware that medical coding may have some emotional demands. You might have to bill for serious conditions such as cancer or death. This could upset you. You may also have to positively maneuver dynamics or situations involving patients, medical professionals, and insurance companies. If you like working with and helping people, then a working as a medical biller might be a great option for you.
3-2. Ensure you meet basic requirements.
You’ll need special education and training to be a certified medical biller. Seeing if you meet basic education requirements and have the right personality traits can help you figure out if this is the right path for you.
Consider shadowing a medical biller for a day so that you can get a better sense of what a typical working day entails. Make sure to ask questions about the person’s career path and any things they like and dislike about the profession.
Be aware that you’ll need at least a high school diploma or GED to enroll in a course. You’ll need further education and practical experience to get certification.
3-3. Ask how the career fits your lifestyle.
Being a medical biller can be very rewarding, but also has demands such as sitting for long hours and deciphering bad handwriting. Figuring out if you can take this career path and maintain your lifestyle may help you decide on what type of certification you want. Ask yourself some of the following questions:
What are the possible physical demands? You might need to work late at night, stare at computer screens for long hours, or sit for hours at a time.
Does medical billing fit my personality? Working with doctors, insurance companies, and patients is a big part of being a medical biller. This could be a good option for you if you like working with people and in the medical profession.
How does medical billing fit my lifestyle? Medical billers are necessary for any healthcare or medical facility and, in many cases, you may be able to set your hours according to your schedule. You may need to work more at times of high need but will also get perks like vacation time.
Will I make enough money? Medical billing is a quickly growing profession and this means you shouldn’t have a hard time finding a job. Currently, the average salary of medical billers in the United States is $34,000. Depending on the facility in which you work, you may also get health benefits in addition to your salary.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Certified and Practical Experience\\n1-1. Recognize your options.\\nYou don’t need certification to work as a medical biller. However, it’s a good idea to consider getting certification through independent organizations or one of the two primary medical billing organizations, the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the American Medical Billing Association (AMBA), or the American Academy of Professional Coders. Not only will these programs give you the necessary education to be a medical biller, but they also offer courses to make you a more thorough and effective medical biller. This may translate to a better job for you.\\nConsider getting certified with one of the two primary national programs, which offer courses on being a medical biller, but supporting courses on being a medical coder, computer codes, and business practices.\\nBe aware that many community and technical colleges and universities offer 2 or 4 year programs to be a certified medical biller. Meet with an admissions professional to discuss your options and see if the medical billing course ends with certification through one of the national organizations. In many cases, these degree programs will prepare you to sit for one of the national certification exams.\\n1-2. Obtain required education.\\nAt a minimum, you need a high school diploma or GED to be a medical biller. Some programs, such as AAPC, require an associate’s degree and coursework in anatomy, physiology, or other related fields. Finally, you may also need vocational training to get your certification.\\nFigure out the type of medical billing you want to do. If you want to simply create medical bills, you can enroll in online programs such as AHIMA and AAPC. However, if you would like to work in a variety of environments such as a hospital or doctor’s office, you will need more education that is also available from these organizations as well as local colleges and technical schools.\\nEnroll in any required courses and consider adding classes that will boost your basic knowledge. Be aware that the more classes you take, the more it will cost you. Consider applying for what you can afford and boosting your education as you can afford it.\\n1-3. Register for a certification program.\\nConsider the different program options including independent certification programs and recognized programs such as AAPC or AHIMA. Each program has different education and certification requirements, but they are generally made up of the basic components of education and a certification examination. Review each program’s features to see which best suits your wishes and needs for being a medical biller. Consider factors including cost and the timeframe for obtaining certification..\\nEnroll in a certification program either at the AAPC or AHIMA websites. These can also point you to affiliated programs in your area.\\nProvide any information necessary to enroll. This generally includes your personal information, educational and professional background, and anything else that may be relevant to your desire to be a medical biller. You may also need to become a member of the certifying organization. Finally, pay any course fees required by the program.\\n1-4. Fulfill education requirements.\\nAfter you’ve registered for an education and certification program, you must meet education requirements such as coursework and participating in webinars in order to take the certification exam. Your coursework helps you not only pass the certification exam, but also optimally perform your duties as a medical biller.\\nFollow the coursework requirements detailed in your education packet. In general, these include elements such as assigning proper medical codes for specific diagnoses and procedures performed by doctors, proficiency with a broad range of services including management and anesthesia, knowledge of medical coding guidelines and regulations, knowing how to integrate coding and payment changes into an existing system, and knowledge of the terminology used in a medical office.\\n1-5. Do an internship.\\nSome programs may require practical experience as a part of their education program. If yours doesn’t, consider doing an internship or working in a medical office to gain practical experience that can boost your education and help you pass the certification exam. In addition, an internship may open to the door for you to future employment.\\nSpeak to a career counselor, local doctor’s office, or draw on a professional network about getting practical experience. Ask about the best types of work for your specific education and certification goals.\\nBe aware that many organizations consider two years experience as a medical biller necessary to pass the certification exam.\\n1-6. Submit an application for certification.\\nOnce you’ve finished your education and pre-certification requirements, submit an application to your certifying organization to take the certification exam. Check your organization's website to get exact application requirements.\\nSchedule an exam date from the options in your area. Remember that you must attend an exam with a proctor at a physical location.\\nObtain any letters of recommendation and employer verification you need to take the exam.\\nPay any additional fees necessary to sit the exam.\\n1-7. Prepare for your certification exam.\\nOnce you’ve applied to take the certification exam, you’ll need to take it to obtain your medical biller certification. You should study before the exam to improve your chances of passing on the first try.\\nMeet with classmates or attend organizations’ local chapter meetings to meet people with whom you can study. You may find you learn more by studying as a group than if you study alone.\\nUse the most recent coding books to study for the exam. These resources are updated every year and not using the proper volume may hinder your ability to pass. Make sure to study a variety of topics for your exam. Many exams will have questions on the following fields: anatomy, medical terminology, information technology and computers, coding, insurance, fraud and abuse, compliance and health laws.\\n1-8. Take the certification exam.\\nIn most cases, you will take the exam at a designated location, but some programs may allow you to take the certification examination online. After scheduling the exam date and preparing yourself, sit the exam at a time you feel comfortable. Make sure you pay any fees up front so that you can enter the job market as quickly as possible.\\nVerify any examination information you receive from the certification organization. You may receive this electronically or by mail. Make sure to note the name of your proctor and phone number to verify examination information.\\nGet your exam results between 7-10 days after you sit the exam. Results are generally available online and by mail.\\nBe aware of policies if you fail the exam. Some organization will require you to pay a fee each time you take the exam. You may also need to wait for a specific period of time between exams.\\n1-9. Update your certification.\\nDepending on your certifying organization, you will need to recertify your skills every few years. This helps you stay on top of coding developments and trends and maintain your professional appearance.\\nConsider recertification requirements when you start your education and certification process. You’ll generally need a certain number of continuing education units to get your recertification. You may also need further coursework.\\nProvide any documentation and pay any fees needed for recertification. You may need to show the following information: coding self-assessments, proof of obtaining continuing education credits, participation in accepted and qualified continuing education programs, and proof of payment of fees.\\n2. Finding Work\\n2-1. Apply for jobs.\\nAs a certified medical biller, you have the option of working in different professional environments. Depending on your preferences and experience, you could work in a hospital, doctor’s office or with another healthcare provider.\\nSend letters of intent to local employers about your interest in working for them and your credentials. For example, contact local hospitals and inquire if they are looking for someone with your certification and skills.\\nAsk fellow medical billers in your local area if they know of any job opportunities.\\nCheck the websites of professional organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA for job listings.\\nRegister yourself with a headhunter or placement agency to help find opportunities as a medical biller.\\n2-2. Be a volunteer.\\nIf you’re recently certified and looking for a job, consider volunteering during your down time. Choose a hospital, doctor’s office, or another facility where you think you might like to work. This can help you build your network of colleagues and may also alert you to job opportunities more quickly. \\nConsider volunteering as a way to gain valuable practical experience and make inroads in the medical billing profession. Remember that it will also look good on your resume.\\n2-3. Network with other billing professionals.\\nMeeting other medical billers can expand your knowledge of the profession and help you find work. Attend workshops, local chapter meetings, and national conferences whenever you get the chance.\\nJoin local and national medical biller organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA. These organizations have local chapters, regular meetings, national conferences, and events where you can meet other certified medical billers.\\n3. Considering a Career as a Medical Biller\\n3-1. Inform yourself about medical billing.\\nIf you want a career in medicine, but don’t want to be a doctor, consider working as a medical biller. Helping a medical facility run smoothly can be very rewarding. It allows you to work with doctors, patients, and others such as insurance companies.\\nProviding assistance can be very rewarding not only for you, but also to the people whom your work supports.\\nBe aware that medical coding may have some emotional demands. You might have to bill for serious conditions such as cancer or death. This could upset you. You may also have to positively maneuver dynamics or situations involving patients, medical professionals, and insurance companies. If you like working with and helping people, then a working as a medical biller might be a great option for you.\\n3-2. Ensure you meet basic requirements.\\nYou’ll need special education and training to be a certified medical biller. Seeing if you meet basic education requirements and have the right personality traits can help you figure out if this is the right path for you.\\nConsider shadowing a medical biller for a day so that you can get a better sense of what a typical working day entails. Make sure to ask questions about the person’s career path and any things they like and dislike about the profession.\\nBe aware that you’ll need at least a high school diploma or GED to enroll in a course. You’ll need further education and practical experience to get certification.\\n3-3. Ask how the career fits your lifestyle.\\nBeing a medical biller can be very rewarding, but also has demands such as sitting for long hours and deciphering bad handwriting. Figuring out if you can take this career path and maintain your lifestyle may help you decide on what type of certification you want. Ask yourself some of the following questions:\\nWhat are the possible physical demands? You might need to work late at night, stare at computer screens for long hours, or sit for hours at a time.\\nDoes medical billing fit my personality? Working with doctors, insurance companies, and patients is a big part of being a medical biller. This could be a good option for you if you like working with people and in the medical profession.\\nHow does medical billing fit my lifestyle? Medical billers are necessary for any healthcare or medical facility and, in many cases, you may be able to set your hours according to your schedule. You may need to work more at times of high need but will also get perks like vacation time.\\nWill I make enough money? Medical billing is a quickly growing profession and this means you shouldn’t have a hard time finding a job. Currently, the average salary of medical billers in the United States is $34,000. Depending on the facility in which you work, you may also get health benefits in addition to your salary.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Medical billers are professionals who translate a healthcare service into a billing claim for you or your insurance company. You may be considering a career in this exciting field, which can optimize revenue for a doctor’s office or practice. Because people are always going to the doctor it means that you not only have great job prospects, but also would allow you to work with doctors, patients, and different companies. However, you may be unsure how to pursue this career path. By getting certified and practical experience and then pursuing different jobs, you can become a certified medical biller.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified and Practical Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize your options.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t need certification to work as a medical biller. However, it’s a good idea to consider getting certification through independent organizations or one of the two primary medical billing organizations, the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the American Medical Billing Association (AMBA), or the American Academy of Professional Coders. Not only will these programs give you the necessary education to be a medical biller, but they also offer courses to make you a more thorough and effective medical biller. This may translate to a better job for you.\\nConsider getting certified with one of the two primary national programs, which offer courses on being a medical biller, but supporting courses on being a medical coder, computer codes, and business practices.\\nBe aware that many community and technical colleges and universities offer 2 or 4 year programs to be a certified medical biller. Meet with an admissions professional to discuss your options and see if the medical billing course ends with certification through one of the national organizations. In many cases, these degree programs will prepare you to sit for one of the national certification exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain required education.\", \"描述\": \"At a minimum, you need a high school diploma or GED to be a medical biller. Some programs, such as AAPC, require an associate’s degree and coursework in anatomy, physiology, or other related fields. Finally, you may also need vocational training to get your certification.\\nFigure out the type of medical billing you want to do. If you want to simply create medical bills, you can enroll in online programs such as AHIMA and AAPC. However, if you would like to work in a variety of environments such as a hospital or doctor’s office, you will need more education that is also available from these organizations as well as local colleges and technical schools.\\nEnroll in any required courses and consider adding classes that will boost your basic knowledge. Be aware that the more classes you take, the more it will cost you. Consider applying for what you can afford and boosting your education as you can afford it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register for a certification program.\", \"描述\": \"Consider the different program options including independent certification programs and recognized programs such as AAPC or AHIMA. Each program has different education and certification requirements, but they are generally made up of the basic components of education and a certification examination. Review each program’s features to see which best suits your wishes and needs for being a medical biller. Consider factors including cost and the timeframe for obtaining certification..\\nEnroll in a certification program either at the AAPC or AHIMA websites. These can also point you to affiliated programs in your area.\\nProvide any information necessary to enroll. This generally includes your personal information, educational and professional background, and anything else that may be relevant to your desire to be a medical biller. You may also need to become a member of the certifying organization. Finally, pay any course fees required by the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fulfill education requirements.\", \"描述\": \"After you’ve registered for an education and certification program, you must meet education requirements such as coursework and participating in webinars in order to take the certification exam. Your coursework helps you not only pass the certification exam, but also optimally perform your duties as a medical biller.\\nFollow the coursework requirements detailed in your education packet. In general, these include elements such as assigning proper medical codes for specific diagnoses and procedures performed by doctors, proficiency with a broad range of services including management and anesthesia, knowledge of medical coding guidelines and regulations, knowing how to integrate coding and payment changes into an existing system, and knowledge of the terminology used in a medical office.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do an internship.\", \"描述\": \"Some programs may require practical experience as a part of their education program. If yours doesn’t, consider doing an internship or working in a medical office to gain practical experience that can boost your education and help you pass the certification exam. In addition, an internship may open to the door for you to future employment.\\nSpeak to a career counselor, local doctor’s office, or draw on a professional network about getting practical experience. Ask about the best types of work for your specific education and certification goals.\\nBe aware that many organizations consider two years experience as a medical biller necessary to pass the certification exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Submit an application for certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve finished your education and pre-certification requirements, submit an application to your certifying organization to take the certification exam. Check your organization's website to get exact application requirements.\\nSchedule an exam date from the options in your area. Remember that you must attend an exam with a proctor at a physical location.\\nObtain any letters of recommendation and employer verification you need to take the exam.\\nPay any additional fees necessary to sit the exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve applied to take the certification exam, you’ll need to take it to obtain your medical biller certification. You should study before the exam to improve your chances of passing on the first try.\\nMeet with classmates or attend organizations’ local chapter meetings to meet people with whom you can study. You may find you learn more by studying as a group than if you study alone.\\nUse the most recent coding books to study for the exam. These resources are updated every year and not using the proper volume may hinder your ability to pass. Make sure to study a variety of topics for your exam. Many exams will have questions on the following fields: anatomy, medical terminology, information technology and computers, coding, insurance, fraud and abuse, compliance and health laws.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take the certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, you will take the exam at a designated location, but some programs may allow you to take the certification examination online. After scheduling the exam date and preparing yourself, sit the exam at a time you feel comfortable. Make sure you pay any fees up front so that you can enter the job market as quickly as possible.\\nVerify any examination information you receive from the certification organization. You may receive this electronically or by mail. Make sure to note the name of your proctor and phone number to verify examination information.\\nGet your exam results between 7-10 days after you sit the exam. Results are generally available online and by mail.\\nBe aware of policies if you fail the exam. Some organization will require you to pay a fee each time you take the exam. You may also need to wait for a specific period of time between exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Update your certification.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your certifying organization, you will need to recertify your skills every few years. This helps you stay on top of coding developments and trends and maintain your professional appearance.\\nConsider recertification requirements when you start your education and certification process. You’ll generally need a certain number of continuing education units to get your recertification. You may also need further coursework.\\nProvide any documentation and pay any fees needed for recertification. You may need to show the following information: coding self-assessments, proof of obtaining continuing education credits, participation in accepted and qualified continuing education programs, and proof of payment of fees.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs.\", \"描述\": \"As a certified medical biller, you have the option of working in different professional environments. Depending on your preferences and experience, you could work in a hospital, doctor’s office or with another healthcare provider.\\nSend letters of intent to local employers about your interest in working for them and your credentials. For example, contact local hospitals and inquire if they are looking for someone with your certification and skills.\\nAsk fellow medical billers in your local area if they know of any job opportunities.\\nCheck the websites of professional organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA for job listings.\\nRegister yourself with a headhunter or placement agency to help find opportunities as a medical biller.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re recently certified and looking for a job, consider volunteering during your down time. Choose a hospital, doctor’s office, or another facility where you think you might like to work. This can help you build your network of colleagues and may also alert you to job opportunities more quickly. \\nConsider volunteering as a way to gain valuable practical experience and make inroads in the medical billing profession. Remember that it will also look good on your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Network with other billing professionals.\", \"描述\": \"Meeting other medical billers can expand your knowledge of the profession and help you find work. Attend workshops, local chapter meetings, and national conferences whenever you get the chance.\\nJoin local and national medical biller organizations such as AMBA, AAPC, and AHIMA. These organizations have local chapters, regular meetings, national conferences, and events where you can meet other certified medical billers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Considering a Career as a Medical Biller\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Inform yourself about medical billing.\", \"描述\": \"If you want a career in medicine, but don’t want to be a doctor, consider working as a medical biller. Helping a medical facility run smoothly can be very rewarding. It allows you to work with doctors, patients, and others such as insurance companies.\\nProviding assistance can be very rewarding not only for you, but also to the people whom your work supports.\\nBe aware that medical coding may have some emotional demands. You might have to bill for serious conditions such as cancer or death. This could upset you. You may also have to positively maneuver dynamics or situations involving patients, medical professionals, and insurance companies. If you like working with and helping people, then a working as a medical biller might be a great option for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ensure you meet basic requirements.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need special education and training to be a certified medical biller. Seeing if you meet basic education requirements and have the right personality traits can help you figure out if this is the right path for you.\\nConsider shadowing a medical biller for a day so that you can get a better sense of what a typical working day entails. Make sure to ask questions about the person’s career path and any things they like and dislike about the profession.\\nBe aware that you’ll need at least a high school diploma or GED to enroll in a course. You’ll need further education and practical experience to get certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask how the career fits your lifestyle.\", \"描述\": \"Being a medical biller can be very rewarding, but also has demands such as sitting for long hours and deciphering bad handwriting. Figuring out if you can take this career path and maintain your lifestyle may help you decide on what type of certification you want. Ask yourself some of the following questions:\\nWhat are the possible physical demands? You might need to work late at night, stare at computer screens for long hours, or sit for hours at a time.\\nDoes medical billing fit my personality? Working with doctors, insurance companies, and patients is a big part of being a medical biller. This could be a good option for you if you like working with people and in the medical profession.\\nHow does medical billing fit my lifestyle? Medical billers are necessary for any healthcare or medical facility and, in many cases, you may be able to set your hours according to your schedule. You may need to work more at times of high need but will also get perks like vacation time.\\nWill I make enough money? Medical billing is a quickly growing profession and this means you shouldn’t have a hard time finding a job. Currently, the average salary of medical billers in the United States is $34,000. Depending on the facility in which you work, you may also get health benefits in addition to your salary.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,256 |
How to Become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
|
1. Preparing to Take the Course
1-1. Graduate from high school.
Alternatively, you can take the General Education Development (GED) examination. You will need to do one of these things in order to apply to a four-year institution.
Take the SATs, the standardized test that is required for college admission, your junior year and apply to more than one school in order to keep your options open.
1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.
Most states, with a few exceptions, require that CPAs have at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or finance. These programs typically take four years to complete, and tuition and coursework will vary depending on the school. Students take courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics, business, auditing, and marketing.
Certain companies also require that a CPA have a master's degree. Increase your job prospects by getting a master's in either finance or accounting. These programs typically take one or two years to complete.
Some states allow prospective candidates to substitute relevant work experience for a bachelor's degree.
1-3. Get certified in your state.
You will need to take the four-part Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination and meet additional certification requirements for your state in order to work as a public accountant. Some states also require prior accounting experience as a pre-requisite for licensure. The Unified CPA examination is composed of the following four sections:
Subsections include internal controls and obtaining and documenting information.
Subsections include business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology.
Subsections include concepts and standards for financial statements, typical items in financial statements, and accounting and reporting for government entities.
Subsections include ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and federal taxation.
1-4. Find a job as an accountant.
CPAs can work in a variety of settings, including businesses, corporations, government institutions, and schools. Job opportunities for CPAs and other accountant/auditor occupations are expected to increase by 22% between 2008 and 2018 to meet increased demand due to new financial regulations.
Public accountants can choose to specialize in certain fields like forensic accounting, tax advising, and medical care compensation.
CPAs may be hired by businesses or government agencies, or can be self-employed through their own practice.
Certified CPAs must complete continuing education requirements in order to keep their license current.
2. Passing the Exam
2-1. Pass the CPA exam.
To qualify as a CPA, the following parts of the exam must be passed:
Audit and Attestation
Financial Accounting & Reporting
Regulations
Environment & Concepts
2-2. Realize what is expected.
The CPA course is quite complex to understand. Here is a list of what measures you must take.
In every quarter of the year, you can sit for CPA exams in the first two months of the following quarter.
Students can choose which part they want to attempt.
Remember, once you’ve attempted a part, in following one and half year you must have to attempt other three parts as well as successfully passing them to complete the course.
This part makes CPA a complicated course and many students fail CPA due to the same reason.
Finally, the candidate should acquire minimum 1800 hours physical experience under an Authorized CPA holder.
2-3. Enroll in a CPA course at a reputed university or college.
2-4. Consider taking physical or online courses.
Many universities and colleges offer both physical and online course.
The institutes are providing a proper guideline so students a can pass in their first attempt.
2-5. Study while continuing your working career.
Job holders can also keep their CPA preparations on while continuing their jobs. So, in the same time, if they’re working under a licensed CPA holder, they’re actually keeping them one step ahead. Later they don’t need to give an extra 1800 hours according to the CPA passing requirements. It will be a great idea to save your time and start a career as early possible as CPA.
This only became possible because of online CPA courses. Where students can pick a suitable time to attend live classes online either they can download and prepare themselves for CPA exams.
Tips
In addition to being good with numbers and math, CPAs should also have strong communication skills and be comfortable working with computers.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing to Take the Course\\n1-1. Graduate from high school.\\nAlternatively, you can take the General Education Development (GED) examination. You will need to do one of these things in order to apply to a four-year institution.\\nTake the SATs, the standardized test that is required for college admission, your junior year and apply to more than one school in order to keep your options open.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.\\nMost states, with a few exceptions, require that CPAs have at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or finance. These programs typically take four years to complete, and tuition and coursework will vary depending on the school. Students take courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics, business, auditing, and marketing.\\nCertain companies also require that a CPA have a master's degree. Increase your job prospects by getting a master's in either finance or accounting. These programs typically take one or two years to complete.\\nSome states allow prospective candidates to substitute relevant work experience for a bachelor's degree.\\n1-3. Get certified in your state.\\nYou will need to take the four-part Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination and meet additional certification requirements for your state in order to work as a public accountant. Some states also require prior accounting experience as a pre-requisite for licensure. The Unified CPA examination is composed of the following four sections:\\n\\n Subsections include internal controls and obtaining and documenting information.\\n Subsections include business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology.\\n Subsections include concepts and standards for financial statements, typical items in financial statements, and accounting and reporting for government entities.\\n Subsections include ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and federal taxation.\\n1-4. Find a job as an accountant.\\nCPAs can work in a variety of settings, including businesses, corporations, government institutions, and schools. Job opportunities for CPAs and other accountant/auditor occupations are expected to increase by 22% between 2008 and 2018 to meet increased demand due to new financial regulations.\\nPublic accountants can choose to specialize in certain fields like forensic accounting, tax advising, and medical care compensation.\\nCPAs may be hired by businesses or government agencies, or can be self-employed through their own practice.\\nCertified CPAs must complete continuing education requirements in order to keep their license current.\\n2. Passing the Exam\\n2-1. Pass the CPA exam.\\nTo qualify as a CPA, the following parts of the exam must be passed:\\nAudit and Attestation\\nFinancial Accounting & Reporting\\nRegulations\\nEnvironment & Concepts\\n2-2. Realize what is expected.\\nThe CPA course is quite complex to understand. Here is a list of what measures you must take.\\nIn every quarter of the year, you can sit for CPA exams in the first two months of the following quarter.\\nStudents can choose which part they want to attempt.\\nRemember, once you’ve attempted a part, in following one and half year you must have to attempt other three parts as well as successfully passing them to complete the course.\\nThis part makes CPA a complicated course and many students fail CPA due to the same reason.\\nFinally, the candidate should acquire minimum 1800 hours physical experience under an Authorized CPA holder.\\n2-3. Enroll in a CPA course at a reputed university or college.\\n\\n2-4. Consider taking physical or online courses.\\nMany universities and colleges offer both physical and online course.\\nThe institutes are providing a proper guideline so students a can pass in their first attempt.\\n2-5. Study while continuing your working career.\\nJob holders can also keep their CPA preparations on while continuing their jobs. So, in the same time, if they’re working under a licensed CPA holder, they’re actually keeping them one step ahead. Later they don’t need to give an extra 1800 hours according to the CPA passing requirements. It will be a great idea to save your time and start a career as early possible as CPA.\\nThis only became possible because of online CPA courses. Where students can pick a suitable time to attend live classes online either they can download and prepare themselves for CPA exams.\\nTips\\nIn addition to being good with numbers and math, CPAs should also have strong communication skills and be comfortable working with computers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Certified public accountants, or CPAs, are licensed professionals who conduct audits and help businesses and other institutions manage their finances. If you enjoy working with numbers and would like to pursue a career in accounting, read this article to learn where to get started!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing to Take the Course\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate from high school.\", \"描述\": \"Alternatively, you can take the General Education Development (GED) examination. You will need to do one of these things in order to apply to a four-year institution.\\nTake the SATs, the standardized test that is required for college admission, your junior year and apply to more than one school in order to keep your options open.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most states, with a few exceptions, require that CPAs have at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or finance. These programs typically take four years to complete, and tuition and coursework will vary depending on the school. Students take courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics, business, auditing, and marketing.\\nCertain companies also require that a CPA have a master's degree. Increase your job prospects by getting a master's in either finance or accounting. These programs typically take one or two years to complete.\\nSome states allow prospective candidates to substitute relevant work experience for a bachelor's degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get certified in your state.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to take the four-part Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination and meet additional certification requirements for your state in order to work as a public accountant. Some states also require prior accounting experience as a pre-requisite for licensure. The Unified CPA examination is composed of the following four sections:\\n\\n Subsections include internal controls and obtaining and documenting information.\\n Subsections include business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology.\\n Subsections include concepts and standards for financial statements, typical items in financial statements, and accounting and reporting for government entities.\\n Subsections include ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and federal taxation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a job as an accountant.\", \"描述\": \"CPAs can work in a variety of settings, including businesses, corporations, government institutions, and schools. Job opportunities for CPAs and other accountant/auditor occupations are expected to increase by 22% between 2008 and 2018 to meet increased demand due to new financial regulations.\\nPublic accountants can choose to specialize in certain fields like forensic accounting, tax advising, and medical care compensation.\\nCPAs may be hired by businesses or government agencies, or can be self-employed through their own practice.\\nCertified CPAs must complete continuing education requirements in order to keep their license current.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Passing the Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the CPA exam.\", \"描述\": \"To qualify as a CPA, the following parts of the exam must be passed:\\nAudit and Attestation\\nFinancial Accounting & Reporting\\nRegulations\\nEnvironment & Concepts\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Realize what is expected.\", \"描述\": \"The CPA course is quite complex to understand. Here is a list of what measures you must take.\\nIn every quarter of the year, you can sit for CPA exams in the first two months of the following quarter.\\nStudents can choose which part they want to attempt.\\nRemember, once you’ve attempted a part, in following one and half year you must have to attempt other three parts as well as successfully passing them to complete the course.\\nThis part makes CPA a complicated course and many students fail CPA due to the same reason.\\nFinally, the candidate should acquire minimum 1800 hours physical experience under an Authorized CPA holder.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a CPA course at a reputed university or college.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider taking physical or online courses.\", \"描述\": \"Many universities and colleges offer both physical and online course.\\nThe institutes are providing a proper guideline so students a can pass in their first attempt.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Study while continuing your working career.\", \"描述\": \"Job holders can also keep their CPA preparations on while continuing their jobs. So, in the same time, if they’re working under a licensed CPA holder, they’re actually keeping them one step ahead. Later they don’t need to give an extra 1800 hours according to the CPA passing requirements. It will be a great idea to save your time and start a career as early possible as CPA.\\nThis only became possible because of online CPA courses. Where students can pick a suitable time to attend live classes online either they can download and prepare themselves for CPA exams.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"In addition to being good with numbers and math, CPAs should also have strong communication skills and be comfortable working with computers.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,257 |
How to Become a Certified Scuba Diver
|
1. Qualifying to Scuba Dive
1-1. Be at least 12 years of age.
You must be at least 12 years old to begin scuba diver training. If you are younger than 12, you may be able to participate in restricted, junior diver training programs sponsored by certain training agencies.
If you are under 12, check with your local scuba diving agencies to see if they have junior courses you can sign up for.
1-2. Determine if you are medically fit to dive.
Scuba diving is an active sport that requires a reasonable level of good health and physical fitness. If you have a seizure disorder, narcolepsy, or low blood pressure, you may not be able to dive. Check with your doctor if you have any concerns.
You can determine if you are fit for training and participation in the sport by reviewing a questionnaire used by the World Recreational Scuba Training Council. You can view the questionnaire by visiting http://wrstc.com/downloads/10%20-%20Medical%20Guidelines.pdf
1-3. Make sure you have all of the scuba equipment required for your classes.
Scuba diving is an equipment intensive sport, and divers need a full set of scuba gear in order to participate. Standard scuba gear includes: A scuba mask, fins, buoyancy control device and harness, a primary and secondary regulator, twin decompression cylinders, a submersible pressure gauge, and a dry suit.
Some or all of this gear may be included in your course fee, or you may be able to rent it from a local dive store.
2. Signing up for Lessons
2-1. Find a qualified scuba instructor to teach you.
Locate a scuba instructor either through a referral from a friend or associate, an advertisement, or through a local dive store. Be sure your instructor has a current membership in their training agency and is in a "teaching" status. Their C-Card will tell you this. You should try to find someone who has experience in training divers from scratch.
Since there are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, you can check with your instructor to see which one they will be guiding you toward in your class and decide if it is what you need.
Select a facility that is close to your home or your place of work so that you can get there quickly.
Find out exactly what your training will cost. Some instructors and dive stores charge a flat rate for complete certification, while others charge incrementally as training progresses. Ask your instructor what the total classroom and pool training will cost, and also what the charge is for the final Open Water training.
2-2. Take the watermanship test.
In order for you to begin a scuba training course, you must first demonstrate to an instructor your ability to swim continuously for 200 yards (180 m) and float for 10 minutes, both without aids. Alternatively, if you would like to swim using a mask, fins and a snorkel, you must swim continuously for 300 yards (270 m) and then float for 10 minutes without any aids.
2-3. Sign a liability waiver to acknowledge the risks of scuba diving.
Fill out your medical and fitness guidelines to let your instructor know of any added risks you might have. Then, sign a liability waiver from your instructor acknowledging that you understand you will be liable for any accidents that occur while you scuba dive, not your instructor or dive school.
Most instructors will not teach you how to scuba dive until you have signed a liability waiver.
3. Learning How to Dive and Testing Your Skills
3-1. Study the safety rules of scuba diving through your course.
Read the book, watch the DVD, and do the on-line course work that you are assigned. The academic portion of a scuba course teaches you the theory of diving and the procedures necessary to do it safely. Usually, these courses are divided into short segments with quizzes that generally following each topic and a final exam at the end to assess your understanding of the material.
Some courses provide a classroom setting, while others can be taken online.
3-2. Practice your diving skills in a pool with your instructor.
The Confined Water portion of a scuba course is where the heart of the training occurs. This is where you will learn the function of all of your equipment and how to use it safely. You will be taught to clear water from a flooded mask, breathe from a regulator, use fins properly, and control your buoyancy by adding or venting air from your buoyancy control device, along with a myriad of other skills.
A scuba diving course can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks. It’s up to you and your instructor to set your timeline and stick to it.
3-3. Complete your Open Water training and certification dives.
The final step toward becoming a certified scuba diver is to complete 4 open water training dives under the supervision of an instructor. These dives are conducted in a large body of water, like an ocean or lake, over 2 or more days. On these Open Water dives, your instructor will have you demonstrate to him or her that you are capable of doing what you learned to do in the pool.
Flooding and clearing your mask, descending to the bottom, recovering a misplaced regulator, and ascending to the surface are all skills you could be tested on.
3-4. Get your C-Card from your instructor.
Once you successfully complete the 4 required open water dives, your instructor will advise the training agency to issue a C-Card in your name. Your C-card vouches for your training and qualifies you to obtain air fills or rental tanks, buy or rent scuba equipment, and engage in recreational open water diving in conditions similar to those under which you trained without further supervision.
There are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, including PADI, NAUI, BSAC, and CMAS. Check into each agency and determine which certification is right for you.
Tips
If you need corrective vision on land, you will probably need it underwater as well. Soft or gas permeable contacts work as well underwater as they do on land, and many divers use them successfully.
Warnings
Scuba diving is a sport that requires specific knowledge, equipment and skills to be done safely. Please do not attempt scuba diving, even in a pool, without complete training unless you are under the supervision of an instructor.
Always be in supervision of a buddy. Never scuba dive alone!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Qualifying to Scuba Dive\\n1-1. Be at least 12 years of age.\\nYou must be at least 12 years old to begin scuba diver training. If you are younger than 12, you may be able to participate in restricted, junior diver training programs sponsored by certain training agencies.\\nIf you are under 12, check with your local scuba diving agencies to see if they have junior courses you can sign up for.\\n1-2. Determine if you are medically fit to dive.\\nScuba diving is an active sport that requires a reasonable level of good health and physical fitness. If you have a seizure disorder, narcolepsy, or low blood pressure, you may not be able to dive. Check with your doctor if you have any concerns.\\nYou can determine if you are fit for training and participation in the sport by reviewing a questionnaire used by the World Recreational Scuba Training Council. You can view the questionnaire by visiting http://wrstc.com/downloads/10%20-%20Medical%20Guidelines.pdf\\n1-3. Make sure you have all of the scuba equipment required for your classes.\\nScuba diving is an equipment intensive sport, and divers need a full set of scuba gear in order to participate. Standard scuba gear includes: A scuba mask, fins, buoyancy control device and harness, a primary and secondary regulator, twin decompression cylinders, a submersible pressure gauge, and a dry suit.\\nSome or all of this gear may be included in your course fee, or you may be able to rent it from a local dive store.\\n2. Signing up for Lessons\\n2-1. Find a qualified scuba instructor to teach you.\\nLocate a scuba instructor either through a referral from a friend or associate, an advertisement, or through a local dive store. Be sure your instructor has a current membership in their training agency and is in a \\\"teaching\\\" status. Their C-Card will tell you this. You should try to find someone who has experience in training divers from scratch.\\nSince there are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, you can check with your instructor to see which one they will be guiding you toward in your class and decide if it is what you need.\\nSelect a facility that is close to your home or your place of work so that you can get there quickly.\\nFind out exactly what your training will cost. Some instructors and dive stores charge a flat rate for complete certification, while others charge incrementally as training progresses. Ask your instructor what the total classroom and pool training will cost, and also what the charge is for the final Open Water training.\\n2-2. Take the watermanship test.\\nIn order for you to begin a scuba training course, you must first demonstrate to an instructor your ability to swim continuously for 200 yards (180 m) and float for 10 minutes, both without aids. Alternatively, if you would like to swim using a mask, fins and a snorkel, you must swim continuously for 300 yards (270 m) and then float for 10 minutes without any aids.\\n2-3. Sign a liability waiver to acknowledge the risks of scuba diving.\\nFill out your medical and fitness guidelines to let your instructor know of any added risks you might have. Then, sign a liability waiver from your instructor acknowledging that you understand you will be liable for any accidents that occur while you scuba dive, not your instructor or dive school.\\nMost instructors will not teach you how to scuba dive until you have signed a liability waiver.\\n3. Learning How to Dive and Testing Your Skills\\n3-1. Study the safety rules of scuba diving through your course.\\nRead the book, watch the DVD, and do the on-line course work that you are assigned. The academic portion of a scuba course teaches you the theory of diving and the procedures necessary to do it safely. Usually, these courses are divided into short segments with quizzes that generally following each topic and a final exam at the end to assess your understanding of the material.\\nSome courses provide a classroom setting, while others can be taken online.\\n3-2. Practice your diving skills in a pool with your instructor.\\nThe Confined Water portion of a scuba course is where the heart of the training occurs. This is where you will learn the function of all of your equipment and how to use it safely. You will be taught to clear water from a flooded mask, breathe from a regulator, use fins properly, and control your buoyancy by adding or venting air from your buoyancy control device, along with a myriad of other skills.\\nA scuba diving course can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks. It’s up to you and your instructor to set your timeline and stick to it.\\n3-3. Complete your Open Water training and certification dives.\\nThe final step toward becoming a certified scuba diver is to complete 4 open water training dives under the supervision of an instructor. These dives are conducted in a large body of water, like an ocean or lake, over 2 or more days. On these Open Water dives, your instructor will have you demonstrate to him or her that you are capable of doing what you learned to do in the pool.\\nFlooding and clearing your mask, descending to the bottom, recovering a misplaced regulator, and ascending to the surface are all skills you could be tested on.\\n3-4. Get your C-Card from your instructor.\\nOnce you successfully complete the 4 required open water dives, your instructor will advise the training agency to issue a C-Card in your name. Your C-card vouches for your training and qualifies you to obtain air fills or rental tanks, buy or rent scuba equipment, and engage in recreational open water diving in conditions similar to those under which you trained without further supervision.\\nThere are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, including PADI, NAUI, BSAC, and CMAS. Check into each agency and determine which certification is right for you.\\nTips\\nIf you need corrective vision on land, you will probably need it underwater as well. Soft or gas permeable contacts work as well underwater as they do on land, and many divers use them successfully.\\nWarnings\\nScuba diving is a sport that requires specific knowledge, equipment and skills to be done safely. Please do not attempt scuba diving, even in a pool, without complete training unless you are under the supervision of an instructor.\\nAlways be in supervision of a buddy. Never scuba dive alone!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The word scuba is an acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus and refers to the equipment which allows properly trained scuba divers to safely explore the underwater environment. At the heart of a scuba diver’s training is learning how this equipment works and the procedures and techniques for its safe use. If you are trying to become a certified diver but you don’t know how, find a certified instructor to teach you and work toward your C-Card, a scuba diving certification card, by training with your equipment in a closed water environment.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Qualifying to Scuba Dive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be at least 12 years of age.\", \"描述\": \"You must be at least 12 years old to begin scuba diver training. If you are younger than 12, you may be able to participate in restricted, junior diver training programs sponsored by certain training agencies.\\nIf you are under 12, check with your local scuba diving agencies to see if they have junior courses you can sign up for.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine if you are medically fit to dive.\", \"描述\": \"Scuba diving is an active sport that requires a reasonable level of good health and physical fitness. If you have a seizure disorder, narcolepsy, or low blood pressure, you may not be able to dive. Check with your doctor if you have any concerns.\\nYou can determine if you are fit for training and participation in the sport by reviewing a questionnaire used by the World Recreational Scuba Training Council. You can view the questionnaire by visiting http://wrstc.com/downloads/10%20-%20Medical%20Guidelines.pdf\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have all of the scuba equipment required for your classes.\", \"描述\": \"Scuba diving is an equipment intensive sport, and divers need a full set of scuba gear in order to participate. Standard scuba gear includes: A scuba mask, fins, buoyancy control device and harness, a primary and secondary regulator, twin decompression cylinders, a submersible pressure gauge, and a dry suit.\\nSome or all of this gear may be included in your course fee, or you may be able to rent it from a local dive store.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Signing up for Lessons\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a qualified scuba instructor to teach you.\", \"描述\": \"Locate a scuba instructor either through a referral from a friend or associate, an advertisement, or through a local dive store. Be sure your instructor has a current membership in their training agency and is in a \\\"teaching\\\" status. Their C-Card will tell you this. You should try to find someone who has experience in training divers from scratch.\\nSince there are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, you can check with your instructor to see which one they will be guiding you toward in your class and decide if it is what you need.\\nSelect a facility that is close to your home or your place of work so that you can get there quickly.\\nFind out exactly what your training will cost. Some instructors and dive stores charge a flat rate for complete certification, while others charge incrementally as training progresses. Ask your instructor what the total classroom and pool training will cost, and also what the charge is for the final Open Water training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the watermanship test.\", \"描述\": \"In order for you to begin a scuba training course, you must first demonstrate to an instructor your ability to swim continuously for 200 yards (180 m) and float for 10 minutes, both without aids. Alternatively, if you would like to swim using a mask, fins and a snorkel, you must swim continuously for 300 yards (270 m) and then float for 10 minutes without any aids.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign a liability waiver to acknowledge the risks of scuba diving.\", \"描述\": \"Fill out your medical and fitness guidelines to let your instructor know of any added risks you might have. Then, sign a liability waiver from your instructor acknowledging that you understand you will be liable for any accidents that occur while you scuba dive, not your instructor or dive school.\\nMost instructors will not teach you how to scuba dive until you have signed a liability waiver.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learning How to Dive and Testing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study the safety rules of scuba diving through your course.\", \"描述\": \"Read the book, watch the DVD, and do the on-line course work that you are assigned. The academic portion of a scuba course teaches you the theory of diving and the procedures necessary to do it safely. Usually, these courses are divided into short segments with quizzes that generally following each topic and a final exam at the end to assess your understanding of the material.\\nSome courses provide a classroom setting, while others can be taken online.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice your diving skills in a pool with your instructor.\", \"描述\": \"The Confined Water portion of a scuba course is where the heart of the training occurs. This is where you will learn the function of all of your equipment and how to use it safely. You will be taught to clear water from a flooded mask, breathe from a regulator, use fins properly, and control your buoyancy by adding or venting air from your buoyancy control device, along with a myriad of other skills.\\nA scuba diving course can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks. It’s up to you and your instructor to set your timeline and stick to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your Open Water training and certification dives.\", \"描述\": \"The final step toward becoming a certified scuba diver is to complete 4 open water training dives under the supervision of an instructor. These dives are conducted in a large body of water, like an ocean or lake, over 2 or more days. On these Open Water dives, your instructor will have you demonstrate to him or her that you are capable of doing what you learned to do in the pool.\\nFlooding and clearing your mask, descending to the bottom, recovering a misplaced regulator, and ascending to the surface are all skills you could be tested on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your C-Card from your instructor.\", \"描述\": \"Once you successfully complete the 4 required open water dives, your instructor will advise the training agency to issue a C-Card in your name. Your C-card vouches for your training and qualifies you to obtain air fills or rental tanks, buy or rent scuba equipment, and engage in recreational open water diving in conditions similar to those under which you trained without further supervision.\\nThere are multiple agencies that certify scuba divers, including PADI, NAUI, BSAC, and CMAS. Check into each agency and determine which certification is right for you.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you need corrective vision on land, you will probably need it underwater as well. Soft or gas permeable contacts work as well underwater as they do on land, and many divers use them successfully.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Scuba diving is a sport that requires specific knowledge, equipment and skills to be done safely. Please do not attempt scuba diving, even in a pool, without complete training unless you are under the supervision of an instructor.\\n\", \"Always be in supervision of a buddy. Never scuba dive alone!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,258 |
How to Become a Certified Translator
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1. Getting Certified by the American Translators Association (ATA)
1-1. Check the languages on offer.
The American Translators Association offers generalized certification programs for translators and is widely recognized, both nationally and internationally. You can obtain a qualification for translating into English and for translating from English into your target language.
Certification is available for translating into English from Arabic, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.
Certification is also available in translating from English into Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Ukrainian.
1-2. Check that you meet their preliminary requirements.
The ATA has strict eligibility requirements which must be met. The ATA website explains the system and requirements in more detail but there are two core criteria which must be met prior to making your application.
You must be a member of the ATA to apply for certification but you can become a member at the same time as making your test application.
You must provide a reading proficiency test in both your source and target languages from the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.)
1-3. Fulfill the conditions for accreditation.
Eligibility requirements for becoming certified by the ATA are a combination of education, experience, and assessed proficiency. To be eligible to apply you must meet one of the following criteria:
To be currently certified by the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs.
To hold a bachelor's degree from an approved translation and interpretation institute which is on the approved list of the ATA Education and Pedagogy Committee.
To hold a bachelor's degree and two years proven work experience as a translator.
To have at least five years proven work experience as a translator.
1-4. Take the Test.
This is a challenging three-hour exam that will cover: comprehension of the source-language, translation techniques, and writing in your target language. You will be graded on your grammar and choice of words as well as the overall quality and accuracy of your translation.
To give yourself the best chance of success on the ATA test, make sure you have hit the level of at least 'Advanced-Low' on the ACTFL scale before attempting the ATA certification examination.
Take advantage of the practice tests which are available from the ATA website. Candidates are provided with three passages. Passage A might be a newspaper editorial, an essay, a non-fiction book. Passage B may be technical, scientific or medical in content. Passage C may be a financial, business or legal document. Candidates must translate two written passages. A is compulsory and candidates can choose either B or C.
1-5. Use your accredited status to progress your career.
Once you receive your certification you will also receive an ATA-certified translator seal, and a professional services listing in the ATA Directory of Translation and Interpreting Services. This will enable you to market yourself to employers as a professional who is approved to industry standards.
The ATA seal will document your certification number which you can use on your documents.
Once your name is listed on the ATA Directory of Translators and Interpreters any individual or company seeking a professional translator will be able to find you and see your contact details.
2. Getting Certified by the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators
2-1. Check your eligibility.
Court and legal translating are set apart from general translating duties due to the high ethical standards required to deal with defendants, litigants, victims, and witnesses in civil and criminal cases. You can become a certified Federal Interpreter in Spanish - or a State Interpreter in any of 20 languages.
Eligibility requirements for state interpreters vary from state to state so check with your own court interpreting program.
Eligibility requirements for federal interpreters are to have native-like mastery of English and Spanish as well as to be able to perform three modes of interpretation at speed: consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, and sight translation of documents. The sensitivity and complexity of interpretation in court settings means you must work rapidly and precisely.
2-2. Sit the federal interpreter test.
To be a federally certified interpreter, you must pass a two-part (English and Spanish) written and oral exam. The FCICE handbook tells you how to prepare for the written and oral examinations with specific advice on error detection and the ability to use synonyms.
A good tip for success is to take the online FCICE self-assessment test. Be honest with yourself about your true skill levels. This will arm you with knowledge about the areas you need to work on to make sure you ace the test.
The FCICE website offers candidates full-length practice examinations. Take advantage of them to give you insight into the questions you will need to answer on the test.
2-3. Sit the state interpreter test.
You must pass a two-part test which can be taken in your area. Test requirements and fees vary from state to state so it is vital to consult the specific requirements for your area.
Take advantage of the practice tests on the NCSC website to help you prepare, identify your specific skill gaps and take steps to remedy them.
A great tool are the self-study resources and toolkits on the NCSC website. These outline study materials, reference materials, consecutive and simultaneous dictionaries for your target language.
2-4. Use your accredited status to progress your career.
Once you have qualified you will be nationally recognized as a professional interpreter in a legal setting. These skills are transferable to different geographic areas and areas of expertise. It will show your commitment and ethics and will ensure that anyone you deal with will be assured of your competence and ethical standards.
Federal court interpreter certification is recognized at the national level by both state and federal courts.
State court interpreter certification is subject to reciprocity requirements that vary by state.
3. Getting Certified by National Board of Certified Medical Interpreters (CMI)
3-1. Check your eligibility.
If your interest is in working in the scientific or medical field, then the International Medical Interpreters Association offer certification through their Certified Medical Interpreter program (CMI. If you can meet their requirements you can sit a test which examines your written and oral translation and interpretation competency.
You must prove you have completed an approved medical interpreter educational program. A registry of approved training programs is posted on the IMIA website. .
You must prove your source and target language skills via a Bachelor, Masters, Ph.D., or any other degree from an institution of higher education or ACTFL qualification (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages).
3-2. Sit the test.
The knowledge areas that will be tested in the oral and written examinations will cover professional training, experience, and conduct. You will be tested on medical terminology, your role and responsibilities, ethics, competence, knowledge of legal issues and regulations.
You can take the exam in the method that best suits you. Either online via your home computer or at one of the many accredited test sites across the country.
Use the help and tools included in the CMI Candidate Handbook to focus on improving your weak spots to get you through the test – do you need to learn more about regulations, or legal issues?
3-3. Use your accredited status.
Obtaining this certification provides you with a professional credential that crosses state lines and can be used to obtain work in specialist medical agencies. It demonstrates that you are professionally competent to provide both in-person and remote (virtual) translation and interpretation in medical settings.
You will receive your CMI credential in the specific languages for which the oral exam is passed (for example CMI-Spanish, or CMI-Korean).
Now you are certified you will not have to have your skills tested by each medical facility that you are contracted to.
Tips
Be aware of cultural subtleties and nuances. If you study French for instance, look beyond just France and also consider the French dialects and cultures of Québec, New Brunswick, Belgium, Switzerland, Louisiana, Algeria, etc.
Many universities offer programs in translation or interpretation. Canada's University of Ottawa and New York University offer qualifications in an extensive list of languages.
A degree in translation is not always needed. See yourself translating at a bank? Get a degree in finance. See yourself working at a hospital? Get a biology degree
Warnings
Getting certified requires a considerable investment of your time and money. The examinations are not easy and require you to spend time and effort preparing to sit them in order to succeed.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Certified by the American Translators Association (ATA)\\n1-1. Check the languages on offer.\\nThe American Translators Association offers generalized certification programs for translators and is widely recognized, both nationally and internationally. You can obtain a qualification for translating into English and for translating from English into your target language.\\nCertification is available for translating into English from Arabic, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.\\nCertification is also available in translating from English into Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Ukrainian.\\n1-2. Check that you meet their preliminary requirements.\\nThe ATA has strict eligibility requirements which must be met. The ATA website explains the system and requirements in more detail but there are two core criteria which must be met prior to making your application.\\nYou must be a member of the ATA to apply for certification but you can become a member at the same time as making your test application. \\nYou must provide a reading proficiency test in both your source and target languages from the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.)\\n1-3. Fulfill the conditions for accreditation.\\nEligibility requirements for becoming certified by the ATA are a combination of education, experience, and assessed proficiency. To be eligible to apply you must meet one of the following criteria:\\nTo be currently certified by the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs.\\nTo hold a bachelor's degree from an approved translation and interpretation institute which is on the approved list of the ATA Education and Pedagogy Committee.\\nTo hold a bachelor's degree and two years proven work experience as a translator.\\nTo have at least five years proven work experience as a translator.\\n1-4. Take the Test.\\nThis is a challenging three-hour exam that will cover: comprehension of the source-language, translation techniques, and writing in your target language. You will be graded on your grammar and choice of words as well as the overall quality and accuracy of your translation.\\nTo give yourself the best chance of success on the ATA test, make sure you have hit the level of at least 'Advanced-Low' on the ACTFL scale before attempting the ATA certification examination.\\nTake advantage of the practice tests which are available from the ATA website. Candidates are provided with three passages. Passage A might be a newspaper editorial, an essay, a non-fiction book. Passage B may be technical, scientific or medical in content. Passage C may be a financial, business or legal document. Candidates must translate two written passages. A is compulsory and candidates can choose either B or C.\\n1-5. Use your accredited status to progress your career.\\nOnce you receive your certification you will also receive an ATA-certified translator seal, and a professional services listing in the ATA Directory of Translation and Interpreting Services. This will enable you to market yourself to employers as a professional who is approved to industry standards.\\nThe ATA seal will document your certification number which you can use on your documents.\\nOnce your name is listed on the ATA Directory of Translators and Interpreters any individual or company seeking a professional translator will be able to find you and see your contact details.\\n2. Getting Certified by the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators\\n2-1. Check your eligibility.\\nCourt and legal translating are set apart from general translating duties due to the high ethical standards required to deal with defendants, litigants, victims, and witnesses in civil and criminal cases. You can become a certified Federal Interpreter in Spanish - or a State Interpreter in any of 20 languages. \\nEligibility requirements for state interpreters vary from state to state so check with your own court interpreting program.\\nEligibility requirements for federal interpreters are to have native-like mastery of English and Spanish as well as to be able to perform three modes of interpretation at speed: consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, and sight translation of documents. The sensitivity and complexity of interpretation in court settings means you must work rapidly and precisely.\\n2-2. Sit the federal interpreter test.\\nTo be a federally certified interpreter, you must pass a two-part (English and Spanish) written and oral exam. The FCICE handbook tells you how to prepare for the written and oral examinations with specific advice on error detection and the ability to use synonyms. \\nA good tip for success is to take the online FCICE self-assessment test. Be honest with yourself about your true skill levels. This will arm you with knowledge about the areas you need to work on to make sure you ace the test.\\nThe FCICE website offers candidates full-length practice examinations. Take advantage of them to give you insight into the questions you will need to answer on the test.\\n2-3. Sit the state interpreter test.\\nYou must pass a two-part test which can be taken in your area. Test requirements and fees vary from state to state so it is vital to consult the specific requirements for your area. \\nTake advantage of the practice tests on the NCSC website to help you prepare, identify your specific skill gaps and take steps to remedy them.\\nA great tool are the self-study resources and toolkits on the NCSC website. These outline study materials, reference materials, consecutive and simultaneous dictionaries for your target language.\\n2-4. Use your accredited status to progress your career.\\nOnce you have qualified you will be nationally recognized as a professional interpreter in a legal setting. These skills are transferable to different geographic areas and areas of expertise. It will show your commitment and ethics and will ensure that anyone you deal with will be assured of your competence and ethical standards.\\nFederal court interpreter certification is recognized at the national level by both state and federal courts.\\nState court interpreter certification is subject to reciprocity requirements that vary by state.\\n3. Getting Certified by National Board of Certified Medical Interpreters (CMI)\\n3-1. Check your eligibility.\\nIf your interest is in working in the scientific or medical field, then the International Medical Interpreters Association offer certification through their Certified Medical Interpreter program (CMI. If you can meet their requirements you can sit a test which examines your written and oral translation and interpretation competency.\\nYou must prove you have completed an approved medical interpreter educational program. A registry of approved training programs is posted on the IMIA website. .\\nYou must prove your source and target language skills via a Bachelor, Masters, Ph.D., or any other degree from an institution of higher education or ACTFL qualification (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages).\\n3-2. Sit the test.\\nThe knowledge areas that will be tested in the oral and written examinations will cover professional training, experience, and conduct. You will be tested on medical terminology, your role and responsibilities, ethics, competence, knowledge of legal issues and regulations.\\nYou can take the exam in the method that best suits you. Either online via your home computer or at one of the many accredited test sites across the country.\\nUse the help and tools included in the CMI Candidate Handbook to focus on improving your weak spots to get you through the test – do you need to learn more about regulations, or legal issues?\\n3-3. Use your accredited status.\\nObtaining this certification provides you with a professional credential that crosses state lines and can be used to obtain work in specialist medical agencies. It demonstrates that you are professionally competent to provide both in-person and remote (virtual) translation and interpretation in medical settings.\\nYou will receive your CMI credential in the specific languages for which the oral exam is passed (for example CMI-Spanish, or CMI-Korean).\\nNow you are certified you will not have to have your skills tested by each medical facility that you are contracted to.\\nTips\\nBe aware of cultural subtleties and nuances. If you study French for instance, look beyond just France and also consider the French dialects and cultures of Québec, New Brunswick, Belgium, Switzerland, Louisiana, Algeria, etc.\\nMany universities offer programs in translation or interpretation. Canada's University of Ottawa and New York University offer qualifications in an extensive list of languages.\\nA degree in translation is not always needed. See yourself translating at a bank? Get a degree in finance. See yourself working at a hospital? Get a biology degree\\nWarnings\\nGetting certified requires a considerable investment of your time and money. The examinations are not easy and require you to spend time and effort preparing to sit them in order to succeed.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Professional translators and interpreters work with the written and spoken word in courts, hospitals, schools and universities and businesses. For some jobs, certification is not 100% necessary, but proving your professional competency can open doors to career advancement and higher compensation. The United States has no universal translation certification body and so each field of work has their own certifying organizations and eligibility requirements. Whether you choose to pursue a general certification or a specialist legal or medical one, you'll need to meet their education and experience prerequisites and pass an examination. For the best chance of success, choose the accrediting body which is the best fit for your situation, skills, and professional development goals.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified by the American Translators Association (ATA)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check the languages on offer.\", \"描述\": \"The American Translators Association offers generalized certification programs for translators and is widely recognized, both nationally and internationally. You can obtain a qualification for translating into English and for translating from English into your target language.\\nCertification is available for translating into English from Arabic, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.\\nCertification is also available in translating from English into Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Ukrainian.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check that you meet their preliminary requirements.\", \"描述\": \"The ATA has strict eligibility requirements which must be met. The ATA website explains the system and requirements in more detail but there are two core criteria which must be met prior to making your application.\\nYou must be a member of the ATA to apply for certification but you can become a member at the same time as making your test application. \\nYou must provide a reading proficiency test in both your source and target languages from the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.)\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fulfill the conditions for accreditation.\", \"描述\": \"Eligibility requirements for becoming certified by the ATA are a combination of education, experience, and assessed proficiency. To be eligible to apply you must meet one of the following criteria:\\nTo be currently certified by the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs.\\nTo hold a bachelor's degree from an approved translation and interpretation institute which is on the approved list of the ATA Education and Pedagogy Committee.\\nTo hold a bachelor's degree and two years proven work experience as a translator.\\nTo have at least five years proven work experience as a translator.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the Test.\", \"描述\": \"This is a challenging three-hour exam that will cover: comprehension of the source-language, translation techniques, and writing in your target language. You will be graded on your grammar and choice of words as well as the overall quality and accuracy of your translation.\\nTo give yourself the best chance of success on the ATA test, make sure you have hit the level of at least 'Advanced-Low' on the ACTFL scale before attempting the ATA certification examination.\\nTake advantage of the practice tests which are available from the ATA website. Candidates are provided with three passages. Passage A might be a newspaper editorial, an essay, a non-fiction book. Passage B may be technical, scientific or medical in content. Passage C may be a financial, business or legal document. Candidates must translate two written passages. A is compulsory and candidates can choose either B or C.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use your accredited status to progress your career.\", \"描述\": \"Once you receive your certification you will also receive an ATA-certified translator seal, and a professional services listing in the ATA Directory of Translation and Interpreting Services. This will enable you to market yourself to employers as a professional who is approved to industry standards.\\nThe ATA seal will document your certification number which you can use on your documents.\\nOnce your name is listed on the ATA Directory of Translators and Interpreters any individual or company seeking a professional translator will be able to find you and see your contact details.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified by the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your eligibility.\", \"描述\": \"Court and legal translating are set apart from general translating duties due to the high ethical standards required to deal with defendants, litigants, victims, and witnesses in civil and criminal cases. You can become a certified Federal Interpreter in Spanish - or a State Interpreter in any of 20 languages. \\nEligibility requirements for state interpreters vary from state to state so check with your own court interpreting program.\\nEligibility requirements for federal interpreters are to have native-like mastery of English and Spanish as well as to be able to perform three modes of interpretation at speed: consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, and sight translation of documents. The sensitivity and complexity of interpretation in court settings means you must work rapidly and precisely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sit the federal interpreter test.\", \"描述\": \"To be a federally certified interpreter, you must pass a two-part (English and Spanish) written and oral exam. The FCICE handbook tells you how to prepare for the written and oral examinations with specific advice on error detection and the ability to use synonyms. \\nA good tip for success is to take the online FCICE self-assessment test. Be honest with yourself about your true skill levels. This will arm you with knowledge about the areas you need to work on to make sure you ace the test.\\nThe FCICE website offers candidates full-length practice examinations. Take advantage of them to give you insight into the questions you will need to answer on the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sit the state interpreter test.\", \"描述\": \"You must pass a two-part test which can be taken in your area. Test requirements and fees vary from state to state so it is vital to consult the specific requirements for your area. \\nTake advantage of the practice tests on the NCSC website to help you prepare, identify your specific skill gaps and take steps to remedy them.\\nA great tool are the self-study resources and toolkits on the NCSC website. These outline study materials, reference materials, consecutive and simultaneous dictionaries for your target language.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use your accredited status to progress your career.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have qualified you will be nationally recognized as a professional interpreter in a legal setting. These skills are transferable to different geographic areas and areas of expertise. It will show your commitment and ethics and will ensure that anyone you deal with will be assured of your competence and ethical standards.\\nFederal court interpreter certification is recognized at the national level by both state and federal courts.\\nState court interpreter certification is subject to reciprocity requirements that vary by state.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified by National Board of Certified Medical Interpreters (CMI)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your eligibility.\", \"描述\": \"If your interest is in working in the scientific or medical field, then the International Medical Interpreters Association offer certification through their Certified Medical Interpreter program (CMI. If you can meet their requirements you can sit a test which examines your written and oral translation and interpretation competency.\\nYou must prove you have completed an approved medical interpreter educational program. A registry of approved training programs is posted on the IMIA website. .\\nYou must prove your source and target language skills via a Bachelor, Masters, Ph.D., or any other degree from an institution of higher education or ACTFL qualification (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sit the test.\", \"描述\": \"The knowledge areas that will be tested in the oral and written examinations will cover professional training, experience, and conduct. You will be tested on medical terminology, your role and responsibilities, ethics, competence, knowledge of legal issues and regulations.\\nYou can take the exam in the method that best suits you. Either online via your home computer or at one of the many accredited test sites across the country.\\nUse the help and tools included in the CMI Candidate Handbook to focus on improving your weak spots to get you through the test – do you need to learn more about regulations, or legal issues?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your accredited status.\", \"描述\": \"Obtaining this certification provides you with a professional credential that crosses state lines and can be used to obtain work in specialist medical agencies. It demonstrates that you are professionally competent to provide both in-person and remote (virtual) translation and interpretation in medical settings.\\nYou will receive your CMI credential in the specific languages for which the oral exam is passed (for example CMI-Spanish, or CMI-Korean).\\nNow you are certified you will not have to have your skills tested by each medical facility that you are contracted to.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be aware of cultural subtleties and nuances. If you study French for instance, look beyond just France and also consider the French dialects and cultures of Québec, New Brunswick, Belgium, Switzerland, Louisiana, Algeria, etc.\\n\", \"Many universities offer programs in translation or interpretation. Canada's University of Ottawa and New York University offer qualifications in an extensive list of languages.\\n\", \"A degree in translation is not always needed. See yourself translating at a bank? Get a degree in finance. See yourself working at a hospital? Get a biology degree\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Getting certified requires a considerable investment of your time and money. The examinations are not easy and require you to spend time and effort preparing to sit them in order to succeed.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,259 |
How to Become a Chaplain
|
1. Preparing for a Career as a Chaplain
1-1. Understand what the job entails.
A chaplain is ordained or hired by an organization or faith group to minister to people's needs in a variety of different settings. Chaplains commonly work at hospitals, nursing homes, military bases and in prisons. As a chaplain, your role is to connect with people in need of guidance and provide counsel and solace to those who are ill, confined to the home, or deployed away from their hometown. Depending on where you are employed, your duties could include:
Visiting people affiliated with your church or synagogue or organization at home or in the hospital, or holding office hours during which people can come to you.
Listening to and praying with people in need of spiritual support.
Leading religious services or prayer sessions.
Providing grief counseling.
Conducting funeral services.
1-2. Be open minded and empathetic.
A chaplain must be capable of deep empathy and open to forming relationships with a variety of different people from all backgrounds. As a chaplain, you will be in a position to help people who are at their most vulnerable, whether they're terminally ill or stationed in a place far away from their home and family. Having the ability to connect with people from any type of background is the most important prerequisite for being a chaplain.
Chaplains working in hospitals and prisons and at military bases interact with people who have a variety of different religious backgrounds. Some people seeking spiritual guidance may not be religious at all. To be an effective chaplain, it's important to be open to and accepting of all types of religious beliefs, even those different from your own.
Even if you're affiliated with a particular religious congregation, you'll need to be able to work with people who come from many different walks of life. You may be called to counsel someone who has made choices that go against the tenets of your religion, for example. An ability to put your personal opinions aside for the sake of being as helpful and empathetic as possible is important no matter who you're working with.
1-3. Be able to meet the spiritual needs of strangers.
No matter where you work as a chaplain, you will encounter new individuals on a regular basis. There is a chance that you may only meet someone once or twice, and so you must be able to help, inspire, and motivate people with whom you've only just become acquainted. The goal is always to forge deep, meaningful bonds that will sustain people through the very toughest circumstances. It takes a special person to be able to form this type of relationship quickly.
1-4. Be trustworthy and able to maintain confidentiality.
One of your main duties as a chaplain will be counseling those under spiritual distress. When people come to you for help, they will share sensitive details with you with the expectation that you keep that information between the two of you. Just as a counselor or psychiatrist is expected to remain confidential, you will be expected to do the same. A chaplain who cannot be trusted will soon lose his potency and effectiveness.
1-5. Be available to help at all times.
People experience spiritual crises all throughout the day, even in the middle of the night. Depending on where you work, like a doctor on call, you may need to drop what you're doing or wake up at odd hours to help someone who is troubled. Being selfless in this way does not come easy to most people; it can be exhausting and take a personal toll. It's this particular generosity of spirit that makes chaplains special.
However, it will be important to erect some boundaries to protect your own personal life. You may or may not choose to give out your personal contact information, for example. Depending on where you are employed, there may be other restrictions in place.
1-6. Be spiritually strong.
When you have to offer guidance to people all day long, you may start to feel your energy drain away. As a chaplain, you must be able to help yourself and keep yourself from deteriorating spiritually. Being firm in your own spirituality and being able to handle the stress of helping others is integral to becoming a chaplain who can make a difference.
2. Meeting the Educational Requirements
2-1. Obtain your bachelor's degree.
Many institutions and organizations will not view you as a suitable potential chaplain until you have earned at least a bachelor's degree. When seeking to become a chaplain, the most helpful and relevant educational focuses will be theology and counseling.
Some colleges, universities and seminaries may offer specialized chaplain training with the goal of producing chaplains. However, getting an undergraduate degree in religion or a related field is also sufficient.
If you aspire to become a chaplain in a particular institution, like a hospital or prison, supplement your undergraduate education with volunteer experience. This will be looked upon favorably when it comes to applying for jobs.
2-2. Consider getting a master's degree.
Many institutions require that chaplains have at least a master's level education (and some prefer candidates with PhDs). This is especially necessary if you seek to become a hospital or military chaplain. Pursue your master's in divinity or a related field, and consider advancing to a doctoral program if the job you desire requires it.
Such degrees are available at seminaries and accredited universities.
A focus on biblical counseling or pastoral care will give you the right tools to become a chaplain.
2-3. Determine if you need to receive Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE).
Hospital chaplains are often required to receive this training, which provides experience in the field as a supplement to educational coursework. You will have the opportunity to work with people in need in a healthcare facility or prison. CPE brings together chaplains of all different faiths and provides them with real-world, invaluable experience that will be applied on the job later on. It's a requirement for many certification programs.
Look into CPE centers at the type of facility where you want to work, so you'll gain experience working with that particular population.
The CPE program is divided into units. One unit typically takes about 3 months to complete. Some certification programs require that you complete up to 4 units.
2-4. Get ordained
Because the chaplain occupation is rooted in religion, training in religious education and practice is a necessity. In some cases you may be required to be ordained and endorsed by your religious organization before you're hired as a chaplain. For example, the US Army requires that you be a clergy person in your denomination or faith group in order to apply. Many religious groups and organizations have their own standards and qualifications that you must meet before you can be officially endorsed as an eligible chaplain. Determine what steps you need to take to become a clergy person in your congregation.
In many cases, a graduate-level degree from a seminary will be required in order to become a clergy person.
In addition to ordination, your faith group must give you an endorsement, stating that you have the ecclesiastical qualifications to adequately represent your faith group and be a competent chaplain.
3. Finding a Job as a Chaplain
3-1. Get chaplaincy certification.
Depending on where you want to work, you may be required to obtain certification from an organization recognized by the Association of Professional Chaplains. There are many national chaplain organizations that each have slightly different standards for certifying chaplains. Choose the one that best matches your beliefs and work ambitions. In general, you'll need to pass a written test meet the following requirements to receive certification:
Ordination as a minister (or the equivalent in your faith group)
Endorsement from your faith group
A graduate degree in theology (or a related subject)
Four units of CPE completed
3-2. Determine whether you need to complete a residency.
Some hospitals and other facilities require that chaplains complete a residency before permanently coming on board as a chaplain. Residencies are completed under the supervision of a senior chaplain and may last one to two years. Once the residency has been completed to the organization's satisfaction, the candidate can become a chaplain.
Resident chaplains work with families and hospital staff and attend lectures and seminars as part of their training.
3-3. Become a member of a professional chaplain organization.
In the United States, the largest group for professional chaplains is the Association for Professional Chaplains, which accepts members from many different religious backgrounds. There exist a number of other chaplaincy organizations, and they all have their own requirements for membership. Becoming a member of one of these organizations is a great way to network with other chaplains and gain access to job opportunities as they arise.
Warnings
Unlike many other practices - such as medicine and law - chaplaincy does not fall under federal regulations. Most states in the United States do not have legal requirements or licensing laws for chaplaincy. Apart from national chaplaincy organizations that provide accreditation and endorsement, there are no overarching standards or requirements in order to become a chaplain.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for a Career as a Chaplain\\n1-1. Understand what the job entails.\\nA chaplain is ordained or hired by an organization or faith group to minister to people's needs in a variety of different settings. Chaplains commonly work at hospitals, nursing homes, military bases and in prisons. As a chaplain, your role is to connect with people in need of guidance and provide counsel and solace to those who are ill, confined to the home, or deployed away from their hometown. Depending on where you are employed, your duties could include:\\nVisiting people affiliated with your church or synagogue or organization at home or in the hospital, or holding office hours during which people can come to you.\\nListening to and praying with people in need of spiritual support.\\nLeading religious services or prayer sessions.\\nProviding grief counseling.\\nConducting funeral services.\\n1-2. Be open minded and empathetic.\\nA chaplain must be capable of deep empathy and open to forming relationships with a variety of different people from all backgrounds. As a chaplain, you will be in a position to help people who are at their most vulnerable, whether they're terminally ill or stationed in a place far away from their home and family. Having the ability to connect with people from any type of background is the most important prerequisite for being a chaplain.\\nChaplains working in hospitals and prisons and at military bases interact with people who have a variety of different religious backgrounds. Some people seeking spiritual guidance may not be religious at all. To be an effective chaplain, it's important to be open to and accepting of all types of religious beliefs, even those different from your own.\\nEven if you're affiliated with a particular religious congregation, you'll need to be able to work with people who come from many different walks of life. You may be called to counsel someone who has made choices that go against the tenets of your religion, for example. An ability to put your personal opinions aside for the sake of being as helpful and empathetic as possible is important no matter who you're working with.\\n1-3. Be able to meet the spiritual needs of strangers.\\nNo matter where you work as a chaplain, you will encounter new individuals on a regular basis. There is a chance that you may only meet someone once or twice, and so you must be able to help, inspire, and motivate people with whom you've only just become acquainted. The goal is always to forge deep, meaningful bonds that will sustain people through the very toughest circumstances. It takes a special person to be able to form this type of relationship quickly.\\n1-4. Be trustworthy and able to maintain confidentiality.\\nOne of your main duties as a chaplain will be counseling those under spiritual distress. When people come to you for help, they will share sensitive details with you with the expectation that you keep that information between the two of you. Just as a counselor or psychiatrist is expected to remain confidential, you will be expected to do the same. A chaplain who cannot be trusted will soon lose his potency and effectiveness.\\n1-5. Be available to help at all times.\\nPeople experience spiritual crises all throughout the day, even in the middle of the night. Depending on where you work, like a doctor on call, you may need to drop what you're doing or wake up at odd hours to help someone who is troubled. Being selfless in this way does not come easy to most people; it can be exhausting and take a personal toll. It's this particular generosity of spirit that makes chaplains special.\\nHowever, it will be important to erect some boundaries to protect your own personal life. You may or may not choose to give out your personal contact information, for example. Depending on where you are employed, there may be other restrictions in place.\\n1-6. Be spiritually strong.\\nWhen you have to offer guidance to people all day long, you may start to feel your energy drain away. As a chaplain, you must be able to help yourself and keep yourself from deteriorating spiritually. Being firm in your own spirituality and being able to handle the stress of helping others is integral to becoming a chaplain who can make a difference.\\n2. Meeting the Educational Requirements\\n2-1. Obtain your bachelor's degree.\\nMany institutions and organizations will not view you as a suitable potential chaplain until you have earned at least a bachelor's degree. When seeking to become a chaplain, the most helpful and relevant educational focuses will be theology and counseling.\\nSome colleges, universities and seminaries may offer specialized chaplain training with the goal of producing chaplains. However, getting an undergraduate degree in religion or a related field is also sufficient.\\nIf you aspire to become a chaplain in a particular institution, like a hospital or prison, supplement your undergraduate education with volunteer experience. This will be looked upon favorably when it comes to applying for jobs.\\n2-2. Consider getting a master's degree.\\nMany institutions require that chaplains have at least a master's level education (and some prefer candidates with PhDs). This is especially necessary if you seek to become a hospital or military chaplain. Pursue your master's in divinity or a related field, and consider advancing to a doctoral program if the job you desire requires it.\\nSuch degrees are available at seminaries and accredited universities.\\nA focus on biblical counseling or pastoral care will give you the right tools to become a chaplain.\\n2-3. Determine if you need to receive Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE).\\nHospital chaplains are often required to receive this training, which provides experience in the field as a supplement to educational coursework. You will have the opportunity to work with people in need in a healthcare facility or prison. CPE brings together chaplains of all different faiths and provides them with real-world, invaluable experience that will be applied on the job later on. It's a requirement for many certification programs.\\nLook into CPE centers at the type of facility where you want to work, so you'll gain experience working with that particular population.\\nThe CPE program is divided into units. One unit typically takes about 3 months to complete. Some certification programs require that you complete up to 4 units.\\n2-4. Get ordained\\nBecause the chaplain occupation is rooted in religion, training in religious education and practice is a necessity. In some cases you may be required to be ordained and endorsed by your religious organization before you're hired as a chaplain. For example, the US Army requires that you be a clergy person in your denomination or faith group in order to apply. Many religious groups and organizations have their own standards and qualifications that you must meet before you can be officially endorsed as an eligible chaplain. Determine what steps you need to take to become a clergy person in your congregation.\\nIn many cases, a graduate-level degree from a seminary will be required in order to become a clergy person.\\nIn addition to ordination, your faith group must give you an endorsement, stating that you have the ecclesiastical qualifications to adequately represent your faith group and be a competent chaplain.\\n3. Finding a Job as a Chaplain\\n3-1. Get chaplaincy certification.\\nDepending on where you want to work, you may be required to obtain certification from an organization recognized by the Association of Professional Chaplains. There are many national chaplain organizations that each have slightly different standards for certifying chaplains. Choose the one that best matches your beliefs and work ambitions. In general, you'll need to pass a written test meet the following requirements to receive certification:\\nOrdination as a minister (or the equivalent in your faith group)\\nEndorsement from your faith group\\nA graduate degree in theology (or a related subject)\\nFour units of CPE completed\\n3-2. Determine whether you need to complete a residency.\\nSome hospitals and other facilities require that chaplains complete a residency before permanently coming on board as a chaplain. Residencies are completed under the supervision of a senior chaplain and may last one to two years. Once the residency has been completed to the organization's satisfaction, the candidate can become a chaplain.\\nResident chaplains work with families and hospital staff and attend lectures and seminars as part of their training.\\n3-3. Become a member of a professional chaplain organization.\\nIn the United States, the largest group for professional chaplains is the Association for Professional Chaplains, which accepts members from many different religious backgrounds. There exist a number of other chaplaincy organizations, and they all have their own requirements for membership. Becoming a member of one of these organizations is a great way to network with other chaplains and gain access to job opportunities as they arise.\\nWarnings\\nUnlike many other practices - such as medicine and law - chaplaincy does not fall under federal regulations. Most states in the United States do not have legal requirements or licensing laws for chaplaincy. Apart from national chaplaincy organizations that provide accreditation and endorsement, there are no overarching standards or requirements in order to become a chaplain.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you feel called to serve others as a chaplain? Chaplains offer spiritual guidance to individuals dealing with trying circumstances. For example, hospitals, prisons, and military stations typically have chaplains available for those in need of religious support. If this admirable profession sounds like the right fit for you, you'll need to pursue certification by a nationally recognized chaplaincy certification board.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for a Career as a Chaplain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what the job entails.\", \"描述\": \"A chaplain is ordained or hired by an organization or faith group to minister to people's needs in a variety of different settings. Chaplains commonly work at hospitals, nursing homes, military bases and in prisons. As a chaplain, your role is to connect with people in need of guidance and provide counsel and solace to those who are ill, confined to the home, or deployed away from their hometown. Depending on where you are employed, your duties could include:\\nVisiting people affiliated with your church or synagogue or organization at home or in the hospital, or holding office hours during which people can come to you.\\nListening to and praying with people in need of spiritual support.\\nLeading religious services or prayer sessions.\\nProviding grief counseling.\\nConducting funeral services.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be open minded and empathetic.\", \"描述\": \"A chaplain must be capable of deep empathy and open to forming relationships with a variety of different people from all backgrounds. As a chaplain, you will be in a position to help people who are at their most vulnerable, whether they're terminally ill or stationed in a place far away from their home and family. Having the ability to connect with people from any type of background is the most important prerequisite for being a chaplain.\\nChaplains working in hospitals and prisons and at military bases interact with people who have a variety of different religious backgrounds. Some people seeking spiritual guidance may not be religious at all. To be an effective chaplain, it's important to be open to and accepting of all types of religious beliefs, even those different from your own.\\nEven if you're affiliated with a particular religious congregation, you'll need to be able to work with people who come from many different walks of life. You may be called to counsel someone who has made choices that go against the tenets of your religion, for example. An ability to put your personal opinions aside for the sake of being as helpful and empathetic as possible is important no matter who you're working with.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be able to meet the spiritual needs of strangers.\", \"描述\": \"No matter where you work as a chaplain, you will encounter new individuals on a regular basis. There is a chance that you may only meet someone once or twice, and so you must be able to help, inspire, and motivate people with whom you've only just become acquainted. The goal is always to forge deep, meaningful bonds that will sustain people through the very toughest circumstances. It takes a special person to be able to form this type of relationship quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be trustworthy and able to maintain confidentiality.\", \"描述\": \"One of your main duties as a chaplain will be counseling those under spiritual distress. When people come to you for help, they will share sensitive details with you with the expectation that you keep that information between the two of you. Just as a counselor or psychiatrist is expected to remain confidential, you will be expected to do the same. A chaplain who cannot be trusted will soon lose his potency and effectiveness.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be available to help at all times.\", \"描述\": \"People experience spiritual crises all throughout the day, even in the middle of the night. Depending on where you work, like a doctor on call, you may need to drop what you're doing or wake up at odd hours to help someone who is troubled. Being selfless in this way does not come easy to most people; it can be exhausting and take a personal toll. It's this particular generosity of spirit that makes chaplains special.\\nHowever, it will be important to erect some boundaries to protect your own personal life. You may or may not choose to give out your personal contact information, for example. Depending on where you are employed, there may be other restrictions in place.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be spiritually strong.\", \"描述\": \"When you have to offer guidance to people all day long, you may start to feel your energy drain away. As a chaplain, you must be able to help yourself and keep yourself from deteriorating spiritually. Being firm in your own spirituality and being able to handle the stress of helping others is integral to becoming a chaplain who can make a difference.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain your bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Many institutions and organizations will not view you as a suitable potential chaplain until you have earned at least a bachelor's degree. When seeking to become a chaplain, the most helpful and relevant educational focuses will be theology and counseling.\\nSome colleges, universities and seminaries may offer specialized chaplain training with the goal of producing chaplains. However, getting an undergraduate degree in religion or a related field is also sufficient.\\nIf you aspire to become a chaplain in a particular institution, like a hospital or prison, supplement your undergraduate education with volunteer experience. This will be looked upon favorably when it comes to applying for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Many institutions require that chaplains have at least a master's level education (and some prefer candidates with PhDs). This is especially necessary if you seek to become a hospital or military chaplain. Pursue your master's in divinity or a related field, and consider advancing to a doctoral program if the job you desire requires it.\\nSuch degrees are available at seminaries and accredited universities.\\nA focus on biblical counseling or pastoral care will give you the right tools to become a chaplain.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Determine if you need to receive Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE).\", \"描述\": \"Hospital chaplains are often required to receive this training, which provides experience in the field as a supplement to educational coursework. You will have the opportunity to work with people in need in a healthcare facility or prison. CPE brings together chaplains of all different faiths and provides them with real-world, invaluable experience that will be applied on the job later on. It's a requirement for many certification programs.\\nLook into CPE centers at the type of facility where you want to work, so you'll gain experience working with that particular population.\\nThe CPE program is divided into units. One unit typically takes about 3 months to complete. Some certification programs require that you complete up to 4 units.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get ordained\", \"描述\": \"Because the chaplain occupation is rooted in religion, training in religious education and practice is a necessity. In some cases you may be required to be ordained and endorsed by your religious organization before you're hired as a chaplain. For example, the US Army requires that you be a clergy person in your denomination or faith group in order to apply. Many religious groups and organizations have their own standards and qualifications that you must meet before you can be officially endorsed as an eligible chaplain. Determine what steps you need to take to become a clergy person in your congregation.\\nIn many cases, a graduate-level degree from a seminary will be required in order to become a clergy person.\\nIn addition to ordination, your faith group must give you an endorsement, stating that you have the ecclesiastical qualifications to adequately represent your faith group and be a competent chaplain.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job as a Chaplain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get chaplaincy certification.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on where you want to work, you may be required to obtain certification from an organization recognized by the Association of Professional Chaplains. There are many national chaplain organizations that each have slightly different standards for certifying chaplains. Choose the one that best matches your beliefs and work ambitions. In general, you'll need to pass a written test meet the following requirements to receive certification:\\nOrdination as a minister (or the equivalent in your faith group)\\nEndorsement from your faith group\\nA graduate degree in theology (or a related subject)\\nFour units of CPE completed\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine whether you need to complete a residency.\", \"描述\": \"Some hospitals and other facilities require that chaplains complete a residency before permanently coming on board as a chaplain. Residencies are completed under the supervision of a senior chaplain and may last one to two years. Once the residency has been completed to the organization's satisfaction, the candidate can become a chaplain.\\nResident chaplains work with families and hospital staff and attend lectures and seminars as part of their training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a member of a professional chaplain organization.\", \"描述\": \"In the United States, the largest group for professional chaplains is the Association for Professional Chaplains, which accepts members from many different religious backgrounds. There exist a number of other chaplaincy organizations, and they all have their own requirements for membership. Becoming a member of one of these organizations is a great way to network with other chaplains and gain access to job opportunities as they arise.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Unlike many other practices - such as medicine and law - chaplaincy does not fall under federal regulations. Most states in the United States do not have legal requirements or licensing laws for chaplaincy. Apart from national chaplaincy organizations that provide accreditation and endorsement, there are no overarching standards or requirements in order to become a chaplain.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,260 |
How to Become a Chartered Accountant
|
1. Getting an Education in Chartered Accountancy
1-1. Choose a path.
There are a number of different paths you can take under the heading of Chartered Accountancy. Some of these include Chartered Accountant (Audit), Chartered Certified Accountant, Chartered Management Accountant, Chartered Public and Finance Accountant. These vary depending on the training emphasis you have, size of organization you work for, whether you work in management, and so on.
Ask yourself questions about the type of professional career you’d like. For example, what size firm would you like to work for? Do you want to have a private practice? Do you want to work for nonprofit organizations or for-profit businesses?
As you get more training and experience, you’ll get a better idea of the aspects you like and don’t like.
1-2. Get an undergraduate degree.
Enroll in a four-year accredited university program. Aim for a degree in accounting, economics, or business. If you already have an undergraduate degree, it doesn't necessarily matter if your degree is not in one of these subject areas. You will, however, need to take extra classes to hone your skills in numeracy and other accounting-related subjects.
Get good grades in your classes, especially in any math- or business-related classes.
Alternately, some professional organizations will accept a 2-year accounting associate degree as a foundational education for an aspiring Chartered Accountant.
1-3. Take courses in subject areas pertaining to accounting.
If you have an undergraduate degree in a subject area unrelated to accounting or business, enroll in classes on accounting or economics at a local college. Courses might include accounting, taxation, finance, auditing, and statistics.
1-4. Enroll in a chartered accountant prep program.
Some accountancy programs offer programs that prepare you to start a CA training program. These programs give you education in specific subject areas to build your numeracy skills and other areas.
1-5. Enroll in a chartered accountant training program.
In a CA training program, you will take classes to build your competencies in key subject areas, such as finance, taxation, financial accounting and law. These courses may be offered in person or online.
Some training programs, such as the program offered by Chartered Accountants Ireland, consist of courses that prepare you directly for the examinations. For example, in Ireland, you will register for the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1) exam, which covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. The syllabus for the course describes the learning outcomes and weighting for the course's exam.
Some programs are offered for working professionals who already have jobs and who have experience in the financial sector. Check with your local organization to learn more about the options for working professionals.
2. Getting Professional Experience
2-1. Apply for a professional experience placement.
A core requirement of the Chartered Accountant is to gain three years of professional experience with an approved employer. These employers are usually accounting firms or financial firms that are registered with the CA professional association in your region.
Search for placements in your region by checking with your CA professional association.
Apply for placements in your industry of choice.
If you want to work for an organization that is not authorized, you may be able to register your manager as someone who is authorized to evaluate your performance and growth. Check with your CA professional association to see if this is an option.
2-2. Work in a professional placement for 3 years.
Once you have been hired in your placement, you will work in this organization for 3 years in order to gain experience in the company. Some placements rotate you through different divisions of the company so that you gain exposure to several different lines of business.
2-3. Submit a report of your professional competencies.
As you progress through your professional training, keep track of your achievements and competencies. At the end of your 3-year program, you will need to submit an evaluation of your competencies.
In some regions in Britain, this is called an Achievement Log. In Canada, it is known as the Record of CA Qualifying Experience (RQE).
2-4. Get additional professional experience.
If you are living in a country where you are not a citizen, you may need to get additional experience in that country to qualify to become a Chartered Accountant. Some of your home country experience will likely count towards your qualifications, but getting experience in the local context will be useful and possibly necessary.
3. Taking the Qualifying Exams
3-1. Schedule your exams.
Some regions will test you incrementally. When you finish one phase of your education, you will be tested, and then you will progress to the next phase. There will also be final comprehensive exams, which often are three-day testing sessions.
In Ireland, for example, you will take the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1), Chartered Accountant Proficiency (CAP2), and the Final Admitting Examination (FAE). The CAP1 covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. CAP 2 covers Audit & Assurance, Strategic Finance & Management Accounting, Taxation and Financial Reporting. The FAE is a comprehensive final exam.
3-2. Study for the exam well in advance.
Do not try to wing it by coming into your exam unprepared. Also, don’t cram for the exam, thinking that you will absorb and retain all the information the day before the exam. Make a study plan that builds in plenty of time to study, working about a month out from your exam date.
Find a study partner to help you study. This could be someone else who is also taking the exam, or it might be someone who is already a Chartered Accountant.
Many work placements will give you some education leave so that you can take time off work to study for your exams.
3-3. Take practice tests online.
There are a number of practice tests for Chartered Accountancy exams available online. Check to make sure the practice tests are for your region and your exam, as the tests do vary from region to region.
3-4. Confirm the time and location of your exam.
Make sure you know when to arrive for your exam. Be sure to check out the location where you will be tested. Map out your route for getting there so that you can arrive early and get settled before the exam starts.
3-5. Get a good night’s sleep.
The night before your exam, be sure to get a good night’s sleep. Get about 7-8 hours of sleep. Try to relax as much as possible. If you are having trouble getting to sleep, try listening to some calming music.
3-6. Eat a good breakfast.
Fueling your body with a healthy breakfast will help you maintain focus and concentration throughout your exam.
3-7. Take the qualifying examinations.
Different countries and accountancy organizations have different examination formats, but all require that you pass an evaluation to become a Chartered Accountant.
There are different score minimums that you must attain; for example, you must achieve a minimum of 50% on your exams in Ireland in order to pass.
In Canada, for example,you'll take the Uniform Evaluation, which is a three-day, national exam that tests you on your competencies in responding to business simulations.
4. Joining the Professional Field
4-1. Become a member of a recognized accountancy organization.
Your region will likely have a professional organization for Chartered Accountants. Once you have gained your professional experience and you have passed your examinations, you are eligible to become a member of this organization.
4-2. Comply with your organization’s standards.
Once certified, chartered accountants are monitored and supervised by their home institute, and must comply with all rules and standards established by these organizations to retain their certification.
4-3. Apply for jobs.
Polish your resume, including your new training and certification as a Chartered Accountant. Send your resume and a cover letter to accountancy firms.
Alternately, you might be hired on permanently at the company where you had your professional placement.
4-4. Find a mentor.
Locating someone who can serve as a mentor as you build your career can be helpful. This person might be a former supervisor or another contact you’ve made in the field. They can help you determine strategic career paths, help you connect with other professionals, and give you career advice.
4-5. Network in your field.
Build your professional contacts in your field by networking with other Chartered Accountants. Join LinkedIn and other social media sites to connect with professionals. Attend networking events held by your professional association.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education in Chartered Accountancy\\n1-1. Choose a path.\\nThere are a number of different paths you can take under the heading of Chartered Accountancy. Some of these include Chartered Accountant (Audit), Chartered Certified Accountant, Chartered Management Accountant, Chartered Public and Finance Accountant. These vary depending on the training emphasis you have, size of organization you work for, whether you work in management, and so on.\\nAsk yourself questions about the type of professional career you’d like. For example, what size firm would you like to work for? Do you want to have a private practice? Do you want to work for nonprofit organizations or for-profit businesses?\\nAs you get more training and experience, you’ll get a better idea of the aspects you like and don’t like.\\n1-2. Get an undergraduate degree.\\nEnroll in a four-year accredited university program. Aim for a degree in accounting, economics, or business. If you already have an undergraduate degree, it doesn't necessarily matter if your degree is not in one of these subject areas. You will, however, need to take extra classes to hone your skills in numeracy and other accounting-related subjects.\\nGet good grades in your classes, especially in any math- or business-related classes.\\nAlternately, some professional organizations will accept a 2-year accounting associate degree as a foundational education for an aspiring Chartered Accountant.\\n1-3. Take courses in subject areas pertaining to accounting.\\nIf you have an undergraduate degree in a subject area unrelated to accounting or business, enroll in classes on accounting or economics at a local college. Courses might include accounting, taxation, finance, auditing, and statistics.\\n1-4. Enroll in a chartered accountant prep program.\\nSome accountancy programs offer programs that prepare you to start a CA training program. These programs give you education in specific subject areas to build your numeracy skills and other areas.\\n1-5. Enroll in a chartered accountant training program.\\nIn a CA training program, you will take classes to build your competencies in key subject areas, such as finance, taxation, financial accounting and law. These courses may be offered in person or online.\\nSome training programs, such as the program offered by Chartered Accountants Ireland, consist of courses that prepare you directly for the examinations. For example, in Ireland, you will register for the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1) exam, which covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. The syllabus for the course describes the learning outcomes and weighting for the course's exam.\\nSome programs are offered for working professionals who already have jobs and who have experience in the financial sector. Check with your local organization to learn more about the options for working professionals.\\n2. Getting Professional Experience\\n2-1. Apply for a professional experience placement.\\nA core requirement of the Chartered Accountant is to gain three years of professional experience with an approved employer. These employers are usually accounting firms or financial firms that are registered with the CA professional association in your region.\\nSearch for placements in your region by checking with your CA professional association.\\nApply for placements in your industry of choice.\\nIf you want to work for an organization that is not authorized, you may be able to register your manager as someone who is authorized to evaluate your performance and growth. Check with your CA professional association to see if this is an option.\\n2-2. Work in a professional placement for 3 years.\\nOnce you have been hired in your placement, you will work in this organization for 3 years in order to gain experience in the company. Some placements rotate you through different divisions of the company so that you gain exposure to several different lines of business.\\n2-3. Submit a report of your professional competencies.\\nAs you progress through your professional training, keep track of your achievements and competencies. At the end of your 3-year program, you will need to submit an evaluation of your competencies.\\nIn some regions in Britain, this is called an Achievement Log. In Canada, it is known as the Record of CA Qualifying Experience (RQE).\\n2-4. Get additional professional experience.\\nIf you are living in a country where you are not a citizen, you may need to get additional experience in that country to qualify to become a Chartered Accountant. Some of your home country experience will likely count towards your qualifications, but getting experience in the local context will be useful and possibly necessary.\\n3. Taking the Qualifying Exams\\n3-1. Schedule your exams.\\nSome regions will test you incrementally. When you finish one phase of your education, you will be tested, and then you will progress to the next phase. There will also be final comprehensive exams, which often are three-day testing sessions.\\nIn Ireland, for example, you will take the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1), Chartered Accountant Proficiency (CAP2), and the Final Admitting Examination (FAE). The CAP1 covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. CAP 2 covers Audit & Assurance, Strategic Finance & Management Accounting, Taxation and Financial Reporting. The FAE is a comprehensive final exam.\\n3-2. Study for the exam well in advance.\\nDo not try to wing it by coming into your exam unprepared. Also, don’t cram for the exam, thinking that you will absorb and retain all the information the day before the exam. Make a study plan that builds in plenty of time to study, working about a month out from your exam date.\\nFind a study partner to help you study. This could be someone else who is also taking the exam, or it might be someone who is already a Chartered Accountant.\\nMany work placements will give you some education leave so that you can take time off work to study for your exams.\\n3-3. Take practice tests online.\\nThere are a number of practice tests for Chartered Accountancy exams available online. Check to make sure the practice tests are for your region and your exam, as the tests do vary from region to region.\\n3-4. Confirm the time and location of your exam.\\nMake sure you know when to arrive for your exam. Be sure to check out the location where you will be tested. Map out your route for getting there so that you can arrive early and get settled before the exam starts.\\n3-5. Get a good night’s sleep.\\nThe night before your exam, be sure to get a good night’s sleep. Get about 7-8 hours of sleep. Try to relax as much as possible. If you are having trouble getting to sleep, try listening to some calming music.\\n3-6. Eat a good breakfast.\\nFueling your body with a healthy breakfast will help you maintain focus and concentration throughout your exam.\\n3-7. Take the qualifying examinations.\\nDifferent countries and accountancy organizations have different examination formats, but all require that you pass an evaluation to become a Chartered Accountant.\\nThere are different score minimums that you must attain; for example, you must achieve a minimum of 50% on your exams in Ireland in order to pass.\\nIn Canada, for example,you'll take the Uniform Evaluation, which is a three-day, national exam that tests you on your competencies in responding to business simulations.\\n4. Joining the Professional Field\\n4-1. Become a member of a recognized accountancy organization.\\nYour region will likely have a professional organization for Chartered Accountants. Once you have gained your professional experience and you have passed your examinations, you are eligible to become a member of this organization.\\n4-2. Comply with your organization’s standards.\\nOnce certified, chartered accountants are monitored and supervised by their home institute, and must comply with all rules and standards established by these organizations to retain their certification.\\n4-3. Apply for jobs.\\nPolish your resume, including your new training and certification as a Chartered Accountant. Send your resume and a cover letter to accountancy firms.\\nAlternately, you might be hired on permanently at the company where you had your professional placement.\\n4-4. Find a mentor.\\nLocating someone who can serve as a mentor as you build your career can be helpful. This person might be a former supervisor or another contact you’ve made in the field. They can help you determine strategic career paths, help you connect with other professionals, and give you career advice.\\n4-5. Network in your field.\\nBuild your professional contacts in your field by networking with other Chartered Accountants. Join LinkedIn and other social media sites to connect with professionals. Attend networking events held by your professional association.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA) is a challenging yet rewarding career decision. This designation demonstrates that you have mastery in accounting. As well, this profession can offer excellent job prospects on a global scale, desirable starting salaries, and job flexibility. As well, Chartered Accountants work in a wide range of industries, from the financial sector to private businesses to public service. The track to becoming a Chartered Accountant requires that you obtain a solid education and professional training, and that you pass qualifying examinations.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education in Chartered Accountancy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a path.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of different paths you can take under the heading of Chartered Accountancy. Some of these include Chartered Accountant (Audit), Chartered Certified Accountant, Chartered Management Accountant, Chartered Public and Finance Accountant. These vary depending on the training emphasis you have, size of organization you work for, whether you work in management, and so on.\\nAsk yourself questions about the type of professional career you’d like. For example, what size firm would you like to work for? Do you want to have a private practice? Do you want to work for nonprofit organizations or for-profit businesses?\\nAs you get more training and experience, you’ll get a better idea of the aspects you like and don’t like.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get an undergraduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"Enroll in a four-year accredited university program. Aim for a degree in accounting, economics, or business. If you already have an undergraduate degree, it doesn't necessarily matter if your degree is not in one of these subject areas. You will, however, need to take extra classes to hone your skills in numeracy and other accounting-related subjects.\\nGet good grades in your classes, especially in any math- or business-related classes.\\nAlternately, some professional organizations will accept a 2-year accounting associate degree as a foundational education for an aspiring Chartered Accountant.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take courses in subject areas pertaining to accounting.\", \"描述\": \"If you have an undergraduate degree in a subject area unrelated to accounting or business, enroll in classes on accounting or economics at a local college. Courses might include accounting, taxation, finance, auditing, and statistics.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a chartered accountant prep program.\", \"描述\": \"Some accountancy programs offer programs that prepare you to start a CA training program. These programs give you education in specific subject areas to build your numeracy skills and other areas.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a chartered accountant training program.\", \"描述\": \"In a CA training program, you will take classes to build your competencies in key subject areas, such as finance, taxation, financial accounting and law. These courses may be offered in person or online.\\nSome training programs, such as the program offered by Chartered Accountants Ireland, consist of courses that prepare you directly for the examinations. For example, in Ireland, you will register for the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1) exam, which covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. The syllabus for the course describes the learning outcomes and weighting for the course's exam.\\nSome programs are offered for working professionals who already have jobs and who have experience in the financial sector. Check with your local organization to learn more about the options for working professionals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Professional Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for a professional experience placement.\", \"描述\": \"A core requirement of the Chartered Accountant is to gain three years of professional experience with an approved employer. These employers are usually accounting firms or financial firms that are registered with the CA professional association in your region.\\nSearch for placements in your region by checking with your CA professional association.\\nApply for placements in your industry of choice.\\nIf you want to work for an organization that is not authorized, you may be able to register your manager as someone who is authorized to evaluate your performance and growth. Check with your CA professional association to see if this is an option.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work in a professional placement for 3 years.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been hired in your placement, you will work in this organization for 3 years in order to gain experience in the company. Some placements rotate you through different divisions of the company so that you gain exposure to several different lines of business.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Submit a report of your professional competencies.\", \"描述\": \"As you progress through your professional training, keep track of your achievements and competencies. At the end of your 3-year program, you will need to submit an evaluation of your competencies.\\nIn some regions in Britain, this is called an Achievement Log. In Canada, it is known as the Record of CA Qualifying Experience (RQE).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get additional professional experience.\", \"描述\": \"If you are living in a country where you are not a citizen, you may need to get additional experience in that country to qualify to become a Chartered Accountant. Some of your home country experience will likely count towards your qualifications, but getting experience in the local context will be useful and possibly necessary.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking the Qualifying Exams\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Schedule your exams.\", \"描述\": \"Some regions will test you incrementally. When you finish one phase of your education, you will be tested, and then you will progress to the next phase. There will also be final comprehensive exams, which often are three-day testing sessions.\\nIn Ireland, for example, you will take the Chartered Accountant Proficiency 1 (CAP1), Chartered Accountant Proficiency (CAP2), and the Final Admitting Examination (FAE). The CAP1 covers Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Accounting, Taxation, and Law for Accountants. CAP 2 covers Audit & Assurance, Strategic Finance & Management Accounting, Taxation and Financial Reporting. The FAE is a comprehensive final exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study for the exam well in advance.\", \"描述\": \"Do not try to wing it by coming into your exam unprepared. Also, don’t cram for the exam, thinking that you will absorb and retain all the information the day before the exam. Make a study plan that builds in plenty of time to study, working about a month out from your exam date.\\nFind a study partner to help you study. This could be someone else who is also taking the exam, or it might be someone who is already a Chartered Accountant.\\nMany work placements will give you some education leave so that you can take time off work to study for your exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take practice tests online.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of practice tests for Chartered Accountancy exams available online. Check to make sure the practice tests are for your region and your exam, as the tests do vary from region to region.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Confirm the time and location of your exam.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you know when to arrive for your exam. Be sure to check out the location where you will be tested. Map out your route for getting there so that you can arrive early and get settled before the exam starts.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a good night’s sleep.\", \"描述\": \"The night before your exam, be sure to get a good night’s sleep. Get about 7-8 hours of sleep. Try to relax as much as possible. If you are having trouble getting to sleep, try listening to some calming music.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat a good breakfast.\", \"描述\": \"Fueling your body with a healthy breakfast will help you maintain focus and concentration throughout your exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the qualifying examinations.\", \"描述\": \"Different countries and accountancy organizations have different examination formats, but all require that you pass an evaluation to become a Chartered Accountant.\\nThere are different score minimums that you must attain; for example, you must achieve a minimum of 50% on your exams in Ireland in order to pass.\\nIn Canada, for example,you'll take the Uniform Evaluation, which is a three-day, national exam that tests you on your competencies in responding to business simulations.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Joining the Professional Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a member of a recognized accountancy organization.\", \"描述\": \"Your region will likely have a professional organization for Chartered Accountants. Once you have gained your professional experience and you have passed your examinations, you are eligible to become a member of this organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Comply with your organization’s standards.\", \"描述\": \"Once certified, chartered accountants are monitored and supervised by their home institute, and must comply with all rules and standards established by these organizations to retain their certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Polish your resume, including your new training and certification as a Chartered Accountant. Send your resume and a cover letter to accountancy firms.\\nAlternately, you might be hired on permanently at the company where you had your professional placement.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a mentor.\", \"描述\": \"Locating someone who can serve as a mentor as you build your career can be helpful. This person might be a former supervisor or another contact you’ve made in the field. They can help you determine strategic career paths, help you connect with other professionals, and give you career advice.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Network in your field.\", \"描述\": \"Build your professional contacts in your field by networking with other Chartered Accountants. Join LinkedIn and other social media sites to connect with professionals. Attend networking events held by your professional association.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,261 |
How to Become a Cheerleader in Middle School
|
1. Steps
1-1. Find out when tryouts are.
If you don't know the exact date, begin training as soon as possible. Besides, training more is better. Also over the summer you should take a tumbling class. Most middle school cheerleading is all or mostly tumbling.
1-2. Start eating a healthier diet.
You should already have healthy habits implemented into your diet. Eat appropriate well-portioned sizes. Middle school cheer teams tend to not give diet plans, so it doesn't generally matter. You should train with spare time. A healthy meal plan to follow is for breakfast, eat a small bowl of oatmeal, a banana, a small slice of cheese, a spoonful of peanut butter, and 3 glasses of water. Before morning practice it's best to eat an energy bar or a cereal bar. This should be your morning snack. For lunch, eat a nice filling lunch like pasta, or a sandwich with carbs for energy. Also, If you're still hungry you can have a small portion of fruits and vegetables. Eat whatever your parents make for dinner. For dessert, eat vanilla yogurt with peanut butter mixed in.
1-3. Begin an exercise routine.
You need to train for specific cheer moves like jumps, motions, and tumbling, and for overall endurance, strength, and flexibility. To train for jumps, you need to do at least 30 straddle leg lifts on each leg. A straddle leg lift is when you sit in a straddle and lift up one leg at a time without letting it touch the floor. You also need to do 30 squat jumps, 15 hops on each foot, 30 toe raises, and 30 squats. Don't forget cheerleader crunches, which is where you lie on your back with your arms above your head and crunch up into a toe touch on the floor, do 15 of these. Also, doing 10 of each required jump is great! For your motions, learn how to do bow and arrow, daggers, go or punch, hands on hips, left L, right L, left K, right K, left diagonal, right diagonal, T, broken T, high V, low V, touchdown, and low touchdown. Keep these motions stiff and tight. For tumbling, do 10 cartwheels, 10 round offs, and 10 handstands. Make sure you keep your arms and legs straight and tight and your toes pointed. Imagine you are a board. For endurance, do cardio 4 days a week. Do a cardio workout routine video. For strength training, which should be done 3 days a week, do a workout video that focuses on strengthening your arms one day, your legs one day, and your abs another day. For flexibility, do stretches twice a day. You need to have a good split.
1-4. Train your voice
Practice speaking loud and clear. Make sure you don't sing your words and they are low pitched, loud, and clear. Practice a good voice everyday by doing breathing exercises, speaking loud, and making sure every word that you say isn't too quick, slow, or mumbled.
1-5. Know the requirements.
You should be able to do a good toe touch, right herkie, and left herkie. You also need a solid cartwheel and round off. You need to have good motions, a split, and a strong voice.
1-6. Shine at the tryouts.
You need to stand out at tryouts. If you can do a herkie, toe touch, split, cartwheel, and round off, you should be able to make it. During cheerleading tryouts, dress neatly in a school shirt, dance shorts, dance or cheer shoes, your hair in a high ponytail with a bow.
For school shirts, make sure they are in your school colors if you can. Tie up the back if it is too long. Wear black dance shorts if you aren't super-duper tan and pastel shorts if you are super duper tan. Your dance/cheer shoes should be either white or black with white ankle socks. If you pick to go with dance shoes, jazz shoes are the best option.
For your hair, brush it into a ponytail that is behind your part and high. Wear a bow in either white or your school colors.
Makeup is not necessary, if you're doing tryouts outside in the sun you shouldn't apply too much makeup, if you're still planning to wear makeup, wear sweatproof makeup.
For your tattoo, make it have to do with your mascot, for example, a paw print, animal, or school initials.
1-7. Do your cheer with a lot of energy.
Make it loud, snappy, and sharp. On the first day of tryouts, they will have you perform a cheer, a toe touch and optional tumbling. Make sure you bring your legs up high in the toe touch and your back straight. For tumbling, do your cartwheel, round off, and handstand.
In the breakout and warm up/stretching sessions, show off your split, straddle, and bridge. Give girls advice if they ask about your moves. You will perform a toe touch, herkie, split, cartwheel, round off, handstand, and cheer. You will do similar things to yesterday, but you have to be even better than before. Show off your oversplit if you are there.
1-8. Celebrate when you make the team.
Continue to do endurance, strength, and stretching routines. Don't stuff your head with ideas about cheerleaders and think you are better than the others. Make sure you are an awesome cheerleader and bring it! You can wear tank tops to practice if you want.
1-9. Don't give up if you don't make the team.
You can try out for an All Star team if you want or you can keep training on your own for the next year. Train even more and for longer sessions until you have the best jumps in town!
Tips
Have fun!
Don't put too much pressure on yourself.
Have a life outside of cheerleading.
Warnings
Overtraining can lead to serious issues in your physical and mental health.
If you weren't previously popular, people may not talk to you at first, but eventually, other popular team members will treat you like family.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:34",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Find out when tryouts are.\\nIf you don't know the exact date, begin training as soon as possible. Besides, training more is better. Also over the summer you should take a tumbling class. Most middle school cheerleading is all or mostly tumbling.\\n1-2. Start eating a healthier diet.\\nYou should already have healthy habits implemented into your diet. Eat appropriate well-portioned sizes. Middle school cheer teams tend to not give diet plans, so it doesn't generally matter. You should train with spare time. A healthy meal plan to follow is for breakfast, eat a small bowl of oatmeal, a banana, a small slice of cheese, a spoonful of peanut butter, and 3 glasses of water. Before morning practice it's best to eat an energy bar or a cereal bar. This should be your morning snack. For lunch, eat a nice filling lunch like pasta, or a sandwich with carbs for energy. Also, If you're still hungry you can have a small portion of fruits and vegetables. Eat whatever your parents make for dinner. For dessert, eat vanilla yogurt with peanut butter mixed in.\\n1-3. Begin an exercise routine.\\nYou need to train for specific cheer moves like jumps, motions, and tumbling, and for overall endurance, strength, and flexibility. To train for jumps, you need to do at least 30 straddle leg lifts on each leg. A straddle leg lift is when you sit in a straddle and lift up one leg at a time without letting it touch the floor. You also need to do 30 squat jumps, 15 hops on each foot, 30 toe raises, and 30 squats. Don't forget cheerleader crunches, which is where you lie on your back with your arms above your head and crunch up into a toe touch on the floor, do 15 of these. Also, doing 10 of each required jump is great! For your motions, learn how to do bow and arrow, daggers, go or punch, hands on hips, left L, right L, left K, right K, left diagonal, right diagonal, T, broken T, high V, low V, touchdown, and low touchdown. Keep these motions stiff and tight. For tumbling, do 10 cartwheels, 10 round offs, and 10 handstands. Make sure you keep your arms and legs straight and tight and your toes pointed. Imagine you are a board. For endurance, do cardio 4 days a week. Do a cardio workout routine video. For strength training, which should be done 3 days a week, do a workout video that focuses on strengthening your arms one day, your legs one day, and your abs another day. For flexibility, do stretches twice a day. You need to have a good split.\\n1-4. Train your voice\\nPractice speaking loud and clear. Make sure you don't sing your words and they are low pitched, loud, and clear. Practice a good voice everyday by doing breathing exercises, speaking loud, and making sure every word that you say isn't too quick, slow, or mumbled.\\n1-5. Know the requirements.\\nYou should be able to do a good toe touch, right herkie, and left herkie. You also need a solid cartwheel and round off. You need to have good motions, a split, and a strong voice.\\n1-6. Shine at the tryouts.\\nYou need to stand out at tryouts. If you can do a herkie, toe touch, split, cartwheel, and round off, you should be able to make it. During cheerleading tryouts, dress neatly in a school shirt, dance shorts, dance or cheer shoes, your hair in a high ponytail with a bow.\\nFor school shirts, make sure they are in your school colors if you can. Tie up the back if it is too long. Wear black dance shorts if you aren't super-duper tan and pastel shorts if you are super duper tan. Your dance/cheer shoes should be either white or black with white ankle socks. If you pick to go with dance shoes, jazz shoes are the best option.\\nFor your hair, brush it into a ponytail that is behind your part and high. Wear a bow in either white or your school colors.\\nMakeup is not necessary, if you're doing tryouts outside in the sun you shouldn't apply too much makeup, if you're still planning to wear makeup, wear sweatproof makeup.\\nFor your tattoo, make it have to do with your mascot, for example, a paw print, animal, or school initials.\\n1-7. Do your cheer with a lot of energy.\\nMake it loud, snappy, and sharp. On the first day of tryouts, they will have you perform a cheer, a toe touch and optional tumbling. Make sure you bring your legs up high in the toe touch and your back straight. For tumbling, do your cartwheel, round off, and handstand.\\nIn the breakout and warm up/stretching sessions, show off your split, straddle, and bridge. Give girls advice if they ask about your moves. You will perform a toe touch, herkie, split, cartwheel, round off, handstand, and cheer. You will do similar things to yesterday, but you have to be even better than before. Show off your oversplit if you are there.\\n1-8. Celebrate when you make the team.\\nContinue to do endurance, strength, and stretching routines. Don't stuff your head with ideas about cheerleaders and think you are better than the others. Make sure you are an awesome cheerleader and bring it! You can wear tank tops to practice if you want.\\n1-9. Don't give up if you don't make the team.\\nYou can try out for an All Star team if you want or you can keep training on your own for the next year. Train even more and for longer sessions until you have the best jumps in town!\\nTips\\nHave fun!\\nDon't put too much pressure on yourself.\\nHave a life outside of cheerleading.\\nWarnings\\nOvertraining can lead to serious issues in your physical and mental health.\\nIf you weren't previously popular, people may not talk to you at first, but eventually, other popular team members will treat you like family.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have ever wanted to become a cheerleader for any reason, now is the time to start, at least three months before tryouts. In middle school, becoming a cheerleader is a lot easier than in high school. If you want to become a cheerleader, you need to know motions, jumps, and tumbling, so, if you want to become a cheerleader, keep reading.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out when tryouts are.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't know the exact date, begin training as soon as possible. Besides, training more is better. Also over the summer you should take a tumbling class. Most middle school cheerleading is all or mostly tumbling.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start eating a healthier diet.\", \"描述\": \"You should already have healthy habits implemented into your diet. Eat appropriate well-portioned sizes. Middle school cheer teams tend to not give diet plans, so it doesn't generally matter. You should train with spare time. A healthy meal plan to follow is for breakfast, eat a small bowl of oatmeal, a banana, a small slice of cheese, a spoonful of peanut butter, and 3 glasses of water. Before morning practice it's best to eat an energy bar or a cereal bar. This should be your morning snack. For lunch, eat a nice filling lunch like pasta, or a sandwich with carbs for energy. Also, If you're still hungry you can have a small portion of fruits and vegetables. Eat whatever your parents make for dinner. For dessert, eat vanilla yogurt with peanut butter mixed in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Begin an exercise routine.\", \"描述\": \"You need to train for specific cheer moves like jumps, motions, and tumbling, and for overall endurance, strength, and flexibility. To train for jumps, you need to do at least 30 straddle leg lifts on each leg. A straddle leg lift is when you sit in a straddle and lift up one leg at a time without letting it touch the floor. You also need to do 30 squat jumps, 15 hops on each foot, 30 toe raises, and 30 squats. Don't forget cheerleader crunches, which is where you lie on your back with your arms above your head and crunch up into a toe touch on the floor, do 15 of these. Also, doing 10 of each required jump is great! For your motions, learn how to do bow and arrow, daggers, go or punch, hands on hips, left L, right L, left K, right K, left diagonal, right diagonal, T, broken T, high V, low V, touchdown, and low touchdown. Keep these motions stiff and tight. For tumbling, do 10 cartwheels, 10 round offs, and 10 handstands. Make sure you keep your arms and legs straight and tight and your toes pointed. Imagine you are a board. For endurance, do cardio 4 days a week. Do a cardio workout routine video. For strength training, which should be done 3 days a week, do a workout video that focuses on strengthening your arms one day, your legs one day, and your abs another day. For flexibility, do stretches twice a day. You need to have a good split.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Train your voice\", \"描述\": \"Practice speaking loud and clear. Make sure you don't sing your words and they are low pitched, loud, and clear. Practice a good voice everyday by doing breathing exercises, speaking loud, and making sure every word that you say isn't too quick, slow, or mumbled.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Know the requirements.\", \"描述\": \"You should be able to do a good toe touch, right herkie, and left herkie. You also need a solid cartwheel and round off. You need to have good motions, a split, and a strong voice.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Shine at the tryouts.\", \"描述\": \"You need to stand out at tryouts. If you can do a herkie, toe touch, split, cartwheel, and round off, you should be able to make it. During cheerleading tryouts, dress neatly in a school shirt, dance shorts, dance or cheer shoes, your hair in a high ponytail with a bow.\\nFor school shirts, make sure they are in your school colors if you can. Tie up the back if it is too long. Wear black dance shorts if you aren't super-duper tan and pastel shorts if you are super duper tan. Your dance/cheer shoes should be either white or black with white ankle socks. If you pick to go with dance shoes, jazz shoes are the best option.\\nFor your hair, brush it into a ponytail that is behind your part and high. Wear a bow in either white or your school colors.\\nMakeup is not necessary, if you're doing tryouts outside in the sun you shouldn't apply too much makeup, if you're still planning to wear makeup, wear sweatproof makeup.\\nFor your tattoo, make it have to do with your mascot, for example, a paw print, animal, or school initials.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Do your cheer with a lot of energy.\", \"描述\": \"Make it loud, snappy, and sharp. On the first day of tryouts, they will have you perform a cheer, a toe touch and optional tumbling. Make sure you bring your legs up high in the toe touch and your back straight. For tumbling, do your cartwheel, round off, and handstand.\\nIn the breakout and warm up/stretching sessions, show off your split, straddle, and bridge. Give girls advice if they ask about your moves. You will perform a toe touch, herkie, split, cartwheel, round off, handstand, and cheer. You will do similar things to yesterday, but you have to be even better than before. Show off your oversplit if you are there.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Celebrate when you make the team.\", \"描述\": \"Continue to do endurance, strength, and stretching routines. Don't stuff your head with ideas about cheerleaders and think you are better than the others. Make sure you are an awesome cheerleader and bring it! You can wear tank tops to practice if you want.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Don't give up if you don't make the team.\", \"描述\": \"You can try out for an All Star team if you want or you can keep training on your own for the next year. Train even more and for longer sessions until you have the best jumps in town!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Have fun!\\n\", \"Don't put too much pressure on yourself.\\n\", \"Have a life outside of cheerleading.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Overtraining can lead to serious issues in your physical and mental health.\\n\", \"If you weren't previously popular, people may not talk to you at first, but eventually, other popular team members will treat you like family.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,262 |
How to Become a Chef
|
1. How to Develop Your Cooking Skills
1-1. Practice cooking at home to build your skills.
Pick recipes that you find appealing, then make them yourself. As you get better at cooking, try recipes that include new skills that you haven’t yet tried. Don’t be afraid to experiment with recipes to make them your own.
Play around with different types of cuisine to see what fits your style and taste. For example, you might make Italian food one night, Mexican food the next night, then your own twist on hamburgers.
1-2. Experiment with food to create your own recipes.
Part of the fun of being a chef is making your own special dishes. Once you’re familiar with common ingredients, start playing around with recipes to make them your own. Take risks so you can create something totally new!
Start by making changes to an existing recipe to make something different. Then, try mixing ingredients without following a recipe.
Some of your creations will be a success, while others might be inedible. This is normal, so don’t give up.
1-3. Cook for other people to get feedback on your cooking.
While it’s scary to open yourself up to criticism, feedback can help you grow as a chef. Make dishes for people as often as you can, then ask them what they liked or didn’t like about what you made. Incorporate the feedback that makes sense to you.
If you can, serve your food to people who enjoy the type of cuisine you like to make. They’ll be able to provide a better opinion. For instance, let’s say you enjoy making Indian food. You’ll get better feedback from someone who enjoys Indian food.
1-4. Watch other chefs to learn their techniques.
You can learn a lot from watching others. Watch cooking shows and online tutorials to see how other chefs work. Additionally, observe chefs or chefs-in-training who you know. Try to learn from the way they work. Read recipe books if you find them interesting - there have been chefs much longer than there's been internet so doing some research off line may open you to new ideas inspired by older ones.
Don’t worry about copying the way someone does something. You want to have your own style; However, it helps to watch how they perform certain skills and how they get creative with ingredients.
1-5. Get a job at a restaurant to build your skills and resume.
While it would be awesome to start out as a chef, it takes time to work your way up the career ladder. Start with a low-level restaurant job that will help you learn the skills you need. Apply for any restaurant jobs that you see advertised locally.
Your first restaurant job probably won’t be prestigious, but everyone starts at the bottom. You’ll likely work as a line cook. This will help you learn the skills you need to move up the career ladder and eventually become a chef.
2. How to Train to Be a Chef
2-1. Enroll in a culinary arts program for a comprehensive education.
While attending a culinary school isn’t required for chefs, it may help you get a job. Most culinary programs offer a broad education in nutrition, sanitary food preparation techniques, butchery, pastry making, and other basic cooking knowledge. Research culinary programs, then apply to your top 3-5 choices.
Programs are offered at trade or vocational schools, colleges, and culinary institutes. You may be able to earn a certificate in culinary arts from a trade or vocational school in 6-9 months. If you want an associate's degree in culinary arts from a community college, expect your program to take about 2 years. Additionally, you can earn a 4-year bachelor's degree in culinary arts from a college, university, or culinary institute.
Look for a program that offers classes in business, management, and human resources if you think you might open up your own restaurant someday.
2-2. Train at home if you plan to be a self-taught chef.
While going to a culinary school helps you learn the skills you need, you might choose to teach yourself what you need to know. Practice cooking in your own kitchen every day. Cook meals for your family or host events in your home to get more practice. Push yourself out of your comfort zone to help you learn the skills you need.
Volunteer to cook for parties and events if people buy the ingredients for your recipes.
Use online tutorials and cookbooks to learn new skills.
2-3. Find an internship at a restaurant to build your resume.
While an internship isn’t very glamorous, it can open up doors to the job you want. Contact local restaurants to ask about available internships. If you can’t find one, ask a local chef or restaurant owner if they’d consider taking you on as a short-term intern. During this time, watch the chef, sous chef, and line cooks to learn new skills. Additionally, follow all of the instructions they give you exactly.
Some culinary arts schools have relationships with local restaurants that offer internships for students.
Your internship will likely be unpaid. However, treat it like a regular job so you can get a good reference when you apply for jobs.
2-4. Get a certification if you focus on a particular area.
Typically, you don’t need any certifications to be a chef. However, you might choose to get one if you have a specialization that you plan to pursue. If you’ve trained in a particular area, take a certification test to help you strengthen your resume.
For instance, you might get certified as a master pastry chef, a decorator, or a sous chef.
If you have the required education and experience, you can take a certification test through the Research Chefs Association, the American Culinary Federation, the Culinary Institute of America, and the United States Personal Chef Association.
3. How to Work Your Way up to Chef
3-1. Apply for entry-level kitchen positions at local restaurants.
When you’re starting your restaurant career, be open to any position that comes your way. Look for jobs in local restaurants, then send them your application, cover letter, and resume. Send out several applications at once to increase your chances of getting a job.
You might start as a kitchen assistant or garde manger, which is the person who prepares appetizers, soups, and cold dishes. The next step up is line cook, then sous chef, which is the position directly under the head chef. Finally, you might become the head chef of a restaurant.
If you've previously worked in a kitchen, you'll likely be able to get a better job than someone who's just starting out.
3-2. Network with other chefs and restaurant owners to build connections.
Connections might help you move up the career ladder faster. Talk to other chefs, meet restaurant owners, and attend industry events to interact with others in your field. This will help you build relationships with people who might help your career.
When you’re at an event with served food, ask to talk to the chef.
Talk to the people you meet during training.
3-3. Move restaurants to build your skills and get better positions.
Don’t expect to spend your entire career at the same restaurant. Instead, you’ll probably have to switch restaurants to continue your rise up the career ladder. Be on the constant lookout for new positions, and apply for jobs that will help you reach your goal of becoming a chef.
For instance, if you’re currently working as a line cook, apply for sous chef jobs at other local restaurants.
3-4. Take a job as a sous chef to learn the skills to be a head chef.
A sous chef works directly under a head chef, which helps you build your skills and your resume. Look for a job as a sous chef after you become a line cook. Plan to work in this position for at least 1-3 years before you rise up to a head chef position.
Typically, you’ll already have the knowledge and skills necessary to be a chef when you take a sous chef position. However, you might not have the kitchen experience and level of expertise to be a head chef yet, which you’ll get as a sous chef.
3-5. Rise to the position of head chef when a position is available.
After you've reached the position of sous chef, look for opportunities to become head chef. Keep track of restaurant openings and the career paths of the head chefs in your area. Network to meet potential job contacts who might help you get your own kitchen. When a job opens up, reach out to the restaurant owner or hiring manager and offer to show them your skills.
It might take several years for you to become a head chef.
Making friends in the restaurant industry is the best way to get your work noticed. Be nice to everyone you meet because you never know who could help you get to your ultimate goal of being a chef.
Tips
Some culinary schools don’t require kitchen experience, so don’t feel like you can’t pursue a career as a chef if you haven’t worked in a restaurant.[15]
X
Research source
Be nice to everyone in the kitchen. The dishwashers, waitstaff, and guests you meet today may be opening the hot new fusion restaurant tomorrow.
Have multiple people sample your dishes. What tastes right to you may be too spicy or salty for some.
Warnings
Use caution when handling knives because it’s easy to cut yourself.
You’ll likely work long hours as a chef, which will probably include holidays and weekends. This might not be a big deal if you love your job, but it might be hard if you don’t enjoy working as a chef.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. How to Develop Your Cooking Skills\\n1-1. Practice cooking at home to build your skills.\\nPick recipes that you find appealing, then make them yourself. As you get better at cooking, try recipes that include new skills that you haven’t yet tried. Don’t be afraid to experiment with recipes to make them your own.\\nPlay around with different types of cuisine to see what fits your style and taste. For example, you might make Italian food one night, Mexican food the next night, then your own twist on hamburgers.\\n1-2. Experiment with food to create your own recipes.\\nPart of the fun of being a chef is making your own special dishes. Once you’re familiar with common ingredients, start playing around with recipes to make them your own. Take risks so you can create something totally new!\\nStart by making changes to an existing recipe to make something different. Then, try mixing ingredients without following a recipe.\\nSome of your creations will be a success, while others might be inedible. This is normal, so don’t give up.\\n1-3. Cook for other people to get feedback on your cooking.\\nWhile it’s scary to open yourself up to criticism, feedback can help you grow as a chef. Make dishes for people as often as you can, then ask them what they liked or didn’t like about what you made. Incorporate the feedback that makes sense to you.\\nIf you can, serve your food to people who enjoy the type of cuisine you like to make. They’ll be able to provide a better opinion. For instance, let’s say you enjoy making Indian food. You’ll get better feedback from someone who enjoys Indian food.\\n1-4. Watch other chefs to learn their techniques.\\nYou can learn a lot from watching others. Watch cooking shows and online tutorials to see how other chefs work. Additionally, observe chefs or chefs-in-training who you know. Try to learn from the way they work. Read recipe books if you find them interesting - there have been chefs much longer than there's been internet so doing some research off line may open you to new ideas inspired by older ones.\\nDon’t worry about copying the way someone does something. You want to have your own style; However, it helps to watch how they perform certain skills and how they get creative with ingredients.\\n1-5. Get a job at a restaurant to build your skills and resume.\\nWhile it would be awesome to start out as a chef, it takes time to work your way up the career ladder. Start with a low-level restaurant job that will help you learn the skills you need. Apply for any restaurant jobs that you see advertised locally.\\nYour first restaurant job probably won’t be prestigious, but everyone starts at the bottom. You’ll likely work as a line cook. This will help you learn the skills you need to move up the career ladder and eventually become a chef.\\n2. How to Train to Be a Chef\\n2-1. Enroll in a culinary arts program for a comprehensive education.\\nWhile attending a culinary school isn’t required for chefs, it may help you get a job. Most culinary programs offer a broad education in nutrition, sanitary food preparation techniques, butchery, pastry making, and other basic cooking knowledge. Research culinary programs, then apply to your top 3-5 choices.\\nPrograms are offered at trade or vocational schools, colleges, and culinary institutes. You may be able to earn a certificate in culinary arts from a trade or vocational school in 6-9 months. If you want an associate's degree in culinary arts from a community college, expect your program to take about 2 years. Additionally, you can earn a 4-year bachelor's degree in culinary arts from a college, university, or culinary institute.\\nLook for a program that offers classes in business, management, and human resources if you think you might open up your own restaurant someday.\\n2-2. Train at home if you plan to be a self-taught chef.\\nWhile going to a culinary school helps you learn the skills you need, you might choose to teach yourself what you need to know. Practice cooking in your own kitchen every day. Cook meals for your family or host events in your home to get more practice. Push yourself out of your comfort zone to help you learn the skills you need.\\nVolunteer to cook for parties and events if people buy the ingredients for your recipes.\\nUse online tutorials and cookbooks to learn new skills.\\n2-3. Find an internship at a restaurant to build your resume.\\nWhile an internship isn’t very glamorous, it can open up doors to the job you want. Contact local restaurants to ask about available internships. If you can’t find one, ask a local chef or restaurant owner if they’d consider taking you on as a short-term intern. During this time, watch the chef, sous chef, and line cooks to learn new skills. Additionally, follow all of the instructions they give you exactly.\\nSome culinary arts schools have relationships with local restaurants that offer internships for students.\\nYour internship will likely be unpaid. However, treat it like a regular job so you can get a good reference when you apply for jobs.\\n2-4. Get a certification if you focus on a particular area.\\nTypically, you don’t need any certifications to be a chef. However, you might choose to get one if you have a specialization that you plan to pursue. If you’ve trained in a particular area, take a certification test to help you strengthen your resume.\\nFor instance, you might get certified as a master pastry chef, a decorator, or a sous chef.\\nIf you have the required education and experience, you can take a certification test through the Research Chefs Association, the American Culinary Federation, the Culinary Institute of America, and the United States Personal Chef Association.\\n3. How to Work Your Way up to Chef\\n3-1. Apply for entry-level kitchen positions at local restaurants.\\nWhen you’re starting your restaurant career, be open to any position that comes your way. Look for jobs in local restaurants, then send them your application, cover letter, and resume. Send out several applications at once to increase your chances of getting a job.\\nYou might start as a kitchen assistant or garde manger, which is the person who prepares appetizers, soups, and cold dishes. The next step up is line cook, then sous chef, which is the position directly under the head chef. Finally, you might become the head chef of a restaurant.\\nIf you've previously worked in a kitchen, you'll likely be able to get a better job than someone who's just starting out.\\n3-2. Network with other chefs and restaurant owners to build connections.\\nConnections might help you move up the career ladder faster. Talk to other chefs, meet restaurant owners, and attend industry events to interact with others in your field. This will help you build relationships with people who might help your career.\\nWhen you’re at an event with served food, ask to talk to the chef.\\nTalk to the people you meet during training.\\n3-3. Move restaurants to build your skills and get better positions.\\nDon’t expect to spend your entire career at the same restaurant. Instead, you’ll probably have to switch restaurants to continue your rise up the career ladder. Be on the constant lookout for new positions, and apply for jobs that will help you reach your goal of becoming a chef.\\nFor instance, if you’re currently working as a line cook, apply for sous chef jobs at other local restaurants.\\n3-4. Take a job as a sous chef to learn the skills to be a head chef.\\nA sous chef works directly under a head chef, which helps you build your skills and your resume. Look for a job as a sous chef after you become a line cook. Plan to work in this position for at least 1-3 years before you rise up to a head chef position.\\nTypically, you’ll already have the knowledge and skills necessary to be a chef when you take a sous chef position. However, you might not have the kitchen experience and level of expertise to be a head chef yet, which you’ll get as a sous chef.\\n3-5. Rise to the position of head chef when a position is available.\\nAfter you've reached the position of sous chef, look for opportunities to become head chef. Keep track of restaurant openings and the career paths of the head chefs in your area. Network to meet potential job contacts who might help you get your own kitchen. When a job opens up, reach out to the restaurant owner or hiring manager and offer to show them your skills.\\nIt might take several years for you to become a head chef.\\nMaking friends in the restaurant industry is the best way to get your work noticed. Be nice to everyone you meet because you never know who could help you get to your ultimate goal of being a chef.\\nTips\\nSome culinary schools don’t require kitchen experience, so don’t feel like you can’t pursue a career as a chef if you haven’t worked in a restaurant.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nBe nice to everyone in the kitchen. The dishwashers, waitstaff, and guests you meet today may be opening the hot new fusion restaurant tomorrow.\\nHave multiple people sample your dishes. What tastes right to you may be too spicy or salty for some.\\nWarnings\\nUse caution when handling knives because it’s easy to cut yourself.\\nYou’ll likely work long hours as a chef, which will probably include holidays and weekends. This might not be a big deal if you love your job, but it might be hard if you don’t enjoy working as a chef.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You might decide to become a chef because you enjoy cooking and like to experiment in the kitchen. While it’s a demanding career, it can also be very satisfying if it’s something you love. Start building the cooking skills you need to become a chef by practicing at home, getting a restaurant job, and getting feedback from others. Then, pursue training to be a chef, either at school or under the guidance of a mentor. Finally, get a job at a restaurant and work your way up to the role of chef.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"How to Develop Your Cooking Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice cooking at home to build your skills.\", \"描述\": \"Pick recipes that you find appealing, then make them yourself. As you get better at cooking, try recipes that include new skills that you haven’t yet tried. Don’t be afraid to experiment with recipes to make them your own.\\nPlay around with different types of cuisine to see what fits your style and taste. For example, you might make Italian food one night, Mexican food the next night, then your own twist on hamburgers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Experiment with food to create your own recipes.\", \"描述\": \"Part of the fun of being a chef is making your own special dishes. Once you’re familiar with common ingredients, start playing around with recipes to make them your own. Take risks so you can create something totally new!\\nStart by making changes to an existing recipe to make something different. Then, try mixing ingredients without following a recipe.\\nSome of your creations will be a success, while others might be inedible. This is normal, so don’t give up.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cook for other people to get feedback on your cooking.\", \"描述\": \"While it’s scary to open yourself up to criticism, feedback can help you grow as a chef. Make dishes for people as often as you can, then ask them what they liked or didn’t like about what you made. Incorporate the feedback that makes sense to you.\\nIf you can, serve your food to people who enjoy the type of cuisine you like to make. They’ll be able to provide a better opinion. For instance, let’s say you enjoy making Indian food. You’ll get better feedback from someone who enjoys Indian food.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Watch other chefs to learn their techniques.\", \"描述\": \"You can learn a lot from watching others. Watch cooking shows and online tutorials to see how other chefs work. Additionally, observe chefs or chefs-in-training who you know. Try to learn from the way they work. Read recipe books if you find them interesting - there have been chefs much longer than there's been internet so doing some research off line may open you to new ideas inspired by older ones.\\nDon’t worry about copying the way someone does something. You want to have your own style; However, it helps to watch how they perform certain skills and how they get creative with ingredients.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a job at a restaurant to build your skills and resume.\", \"描述\": \"While it would be awesome to start out as a chef, it takes time to work your way up the career ladder. Start with a low-level restaurant job that will help you learn the skills you need. Apply for any restaurant jobs that you see advertised locally.\\nYour first restaurant job probably won’t be prestigious, but everyone starts at the bottom. You’ll likely work as a line cook. This will help you learn the skills you need to move up the career ladder and eventually become a chef.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How to Train to Be a Chef\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a culinary arts program for a comprehensive education.\", \"描述\": \"While attending a culinary school isn’t required for chefs, it may help you get a job. Most culinary programs offer a broad education in nutrition, sanitary food preparation techniques, butchery, pastry making, and other basic cooking knowledge. Research culinary programs, then apply to your top 3-5 choices.\\nPrograms are offered at trade or vocational schools, colleges, and culinary institutes. You may be able to earn a certificate in culinary arts from a trade or vocational school in 6-9 months. If you want an associate's degree in culinary arts from a community college, expect your program to take about 2 years. Additionally, you can earn a 4-year bachelor's degree in culinary arts from a college, university, or culinary institute.\\nLook for a program that offers classes in business, management, and human resources if you think you might open up your own restaurant someday.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Train at home if you plan to be a self-taught chef.\", \"描述\": \"While going to a culinary school helps you learn the skills you need, you might choose to teach yourself what you need to know. Practice cooking in your own kitchen every day. Cook meals for your family or host events in your home to get more practice. Push yourself out of your comfort zone to help you learn the skills you need.\\nVolunteer to cook for parties and events if people buy the ingredients for your recipes.\\nUse online tutorials and cookbooks to learn new skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find an internship at a restaurant to build your resume.\", \"描述\": \"While an internship isn’t very glamorous, it can open up doors to the job you want. Contact local restaurants to ask about available internships. If you can’t find one, ask a local chef or restaurant owner if they’d consider taking you on as a short-term intern. During this time, watch the chef, sous chef, and line cooks to learn new skills. Additionally, follow all of the instructions they give you exactly.\\nSome culinary arts schools have relationships with local restaurants that offer internships for students.\\nYour internship will likely be unpaid. However, treat it like a regular job so you can get a good reference when you apply for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a certification if you focus on a particular area.\", \"描述\": \"Typically, you don’t need any certifications to be a chef. However, you might choose to get one if you have a specialization that you plan to pursue. If you’ve trained in a particular area, take a certification test to help you strengthen your resume.\\nFor instance, you might get certified as a master pastry chef, a decorator, or a sous chef.\\nIf you have the required education and experience, you can take a certification test through the Research Chefs Association, the American Culinary Federation, the Culinary Institute of America, and the United States Personal Chef Association.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How to Work Your Way up to Chef\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for entry-level kitchen positions at local restaurants.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re starting your restaurant career, be open to any position that comes your way. Look for jobs in local restaurants, then send them your application, cover letter, and resume. Send out several applications at once to increase your chances of getting a job.\\nYou might start as a kitchen assistant or garde manger, which is the person who prepares appetizers, soups, and cold dishes. The next step up is line cook, then sous chef, which is the position directly under the head chef. Finally, you might become the head chef of a restaurant.\\nIf you've previously worked in a kitchen, you'll likely be able to get a better job than someone who's just starting out.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network with other chefs and restaurant owners to build connections.\", \"描述\": \"Connections might help you move up the career ladder faster. Talk to other chefs, meet restaurant owners, and attend industry events to interact with others in your field. This will help you build relationships with people who might help your career.\\nWhen you’re at an event with served food, ask to talk to the chef.\\nTalk to the people you meet during training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Move restaurants to build your skills and get better positions.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t expect to spend your entire career at the same restaurant. Instead, you’ll probably have to switch restaurants to continue your rise up the career ladder. Be on the constant lookout for new positions, and apply for jobs that will help you reach your goal of becoming a chef.\\nFor instance, if you’re currently working as a line cook, apply for sous chef jobs at other local restaurants.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take a job as a sous chef to learn the skills to be a head chef.\", \"描述\": \"A sous chef works directly under a head chef, which helps you build your skills and your resume. Look for a job as a sous chef after you become a line cook. Plan to work in this position for at least 1-3 years before you rise up to a head chef position.\\nTypically, you’ll already have the knowledge and skills necessary to be a chef when you take a sous chef position. However, you might not have the kitchen experience and level of expertise to be a head chef yet, which you’ll get as a sous chef.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rise to the position of head chef when a position is available.\", \"描述\": \"After you've reached the position of sous chef, look for opportunities to become head chef. Keep track of restaurant openings and the career paths of the head chefs in your area. Network to meet potential job contacts who might help you get your own kitchen. When a job opens up, reach out to the restaurant owner or hiring manager and offer to show them your skills.\\nIt might take several years for you to become a head chef.\\nMaking friends in the restaurant industry is the best way to get your work noticed. Be nice to everyone you meet because you never know who could help you get to your ultimate goal of being a chef.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some culinary schools don’t require kitchen experience, so don’t feel like you can’t pursue a career as a chef if you haven’t worked in a restaurant.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Be nice to everyone in the kitchen. The dishwashers, waitstaff, and guests you meet today may be opening the hot new fusion restaurant tomorrow.\\n\", \"Have multiple people sample your dishes. What tastes right to you may be too spicy or salty for some.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Use caution when handling knives because it’s easy to cut yourself.\\n\", \"You’ll likely work long hours as a chef, which will probably include holidays and weekends. This might not be a big deal if you love your job, but it might be hard if you don’t enjoy working as a chef.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,263 |
How to Become a Chemical Engineer
|
1. Meeting the Basic Requirements
1-1. Evaluate your skills and interests.
Before deciding to become a chemical engineer, you should consider your skills and interests. This is because chemical engineers need a certain set of skills. If you're not interested in developing those skills, you won't enjoy it as a career.
You should be good at completing high level math equations. You'll have to master algebra, trigonometry, calculus, and more.
You should have an interest in the physical sciences. You'll have to complete many chemistry courses, including organic chemistry.
You should have an eye for detail.
1-2. Apply to an institution that offers a bachelor’s in chemical engineering.
The minimum qualification for most chemical engineering positions is a bachelor’s of science. Without earning a bachelor’s of science, you won’t be able to get a job as a chemical engineer.
Some of the top universities to earn a bachelor’s of science with an emphasis on chemical engineering include: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Cambridge, and Kyoto University.
Most large public universities offer degrees compatible with a career as a chemical engineer.
1-3. Complete your coursework.
To earn your degree in chemical engineering, you'll have to complete a number of prerequisites and core courses. Without these courses, you won't have the foundation or specific knowledge to practice as a chemical engineer. Some courses include:
Basic science and math courses like: chemistry, physics, and algebra.
Chemistry core classes like: organic chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry.
Chemical engineering core classes like: fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, engineering thermodynamics, and chemical reaction engineering.
General engineering classes like: computer programming, instrumentation lab, and probability and statistics.
1-4. Pick your area of specialization.
While you’re in your undergraduate program or soon after, you’ll have the opportunity decide on which industry you'd like to work in. You can decide on your specialization based on interest, job availability, or compensation. In the end, though, this choice could impact whether you go on to seek a higher degree. Some specializations include:
Petrochemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Food
General manufacturing
Environmental
1-5. Get a master’s of science.
Apply for admission to a program that offers a master’s in chemical engineering or a related field. These programs could take between one and four years to complete, depending on the institution. During your studies, you’ll complete advanced course work and gain hands-on experience working in interdisciplinary teams.
Managerial or higher level chemical engineering jobs will likely require a master’s.
2. Gaining Experience and Certification
2-1. Complete an internship or apprenticeship.
Internships or apprenticeships are positions you can apply for during your education or immediately after. If you are enrolled in an academic program, ask your advisor or a professor if they know of internship opportunities. In addition, depending on the institution you study at, they might have internship placement agreements with businesses in the area.
Visit http://internships.aiche.org/ to view current internships.
These positions generally offer low or no pay, but put you on a track for a permanent position once you’ve finished your education or gained a certain amount of experience.
Many good bachelor’s or master’s programs will require or recommend that you complete an internship. In addition, your major professor or department might have contacts that will make it easier for you to secure an internship.
2-2. Get cooperative engineering experience.
Many employers value candidates with experience cooperating with other chemical engineers and engineers from different disciplines. Because of this, you should make it a priority to get experience working on teams to solve a variety of problems. You can gain this experience:
During your work as an intern.
In your graduate studies.
At an entry-level job or through other related work experience.
2-3. Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering exam.
Apply to take the test through your state or regional professional association. Very often, the exam is administered by national or international testing services. Ask your college professors or contact your local professional association for more information.
This test is often taken during the test-taker's final year of college.
After passing this exam, you will earn the title “Engineer in Training” or “Engineer Intern.”
2-4. Earn a passing score on the Professional Engineering exam.
Whereas the Fundamentals test is sponsored by professional associations, this exam is often sponsored by state or local governments. To sign up for it, contact your state board of licensing.
To take this test, you must have four years of work experience.
Once you pass the test, you will gain the title of "Engineer."
Visit http://ncees.org/engineering/ for more information.
3. Getting a Job and Advancing Your Career
3-1. Join professional organizations.
By joining professional organizations, you’ll have the opportunity to gain continuing education and engage in professional networking. After joining an organization, you will be able to attend your professional organization’s annual conference. There, you’ll meet professionals in your field. You may also have the opportunity to interview for jobs at conferences. The most noted organizations are:
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers. This organization hosts annual regional conferences for students, as well as national or global meetings for professionals.
The National Society of Professional Engineers. This organization is employment oriented, offers a job board, and organizes mentoring programs.
3-2. Network with professionals.
Keep the contact information of anyone you meet at conferences, fellow chemical engineering students in college, and others you meet while gaining experience. These professionals will serve as assets to you and may be able to help you advance your career later on.
3-3. Look on the websites of major employers.
Visit the employment websites of just about any major multinational corporation to see if they have any openings for chemical engineers. Depending on your region, and whether you’re willing to relocate, you should be able to find a position that meets your skill set. Consider the following companies:
Monsanto
Archer Daniels Midland
Dow Chemical
International Paper
General Motors
Kraft
3-4. Visit job board websites or recruiters.
You’ll be able to find a wide variety of chemical engineering jobs on major internet job board websites. These websites will list positions with various requirements and skill levels. Some websites include:
Indeed.com
Simplyhired.com
Monster.com
Sun Recruiting
3-5. Look for better jobs.
After you've spent a couple of years gaining experience, you should consider looking for a better job. A better job may offer you a higher salary, more advancement opportunities, and new professional challenges. To get a better job:
Use the contacts you've made over the years.
Keep an eye on job boards for new job postings.
Visit conferences annually. This way, you'll continue to make new contacts and stay apprised of new opportunities in the industry.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Evaluate your skills and interests.\\nBefore deciding to become a chemical engineer, you should consider your skills and interests. This is because chemical engineers need a certain set of skills. If you're not interested in developing those skills, you won't enjoy it as a career.\\nYou should be good at completing high level math equations. You'll have to master algebra, trigonometry, calculus, and more.\\nYou should have an interest in the physical sciences. You'll have to complete many chemistry courses, including organic chemistry.\\nYou should have an eye for detail.\\n1-2. Apply to an institution that offers a bachelor’s in chemical engineering.\\nThe minimum qualification for most chemical engineering positions is a bachelor’s of science. Without earning a bachelor’s of science, you won’t be able to get a job as a chemical engineer.\\nSome of the top universities to earn a bachelor’s of science with an emphasis on chemical engineering include: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Cambridge, and Kyoto University.\\nMost large public universities offer degrees compatible with a career as a chemical engineer.\\n1-3. Complete your coursework.\\nTo earn your degree in chemical engineering, you'll have to complete a number of prerequisites and core courses. Without these courses, you won't have the foundation or specific knowledge to practice as a chemical engineer. Some courses include:\\nBasic science and math courses like: chemistry, physics, and algebra.\\nChemistry core classes like: organic chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry.\\nChemical engineering core classes like: fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, engineering thermodynamics, and chemical reaction engineering.\\nGeneral engineering classes like: computer programming, instrumentation lab, and probability and statistics.\\n1-4. Pick your area of specialization.\\nWhile you’re in your undergraduate program or soon after, you’ll have the opportunity decide on which industry you'd like to work in. You can decide on your specialization based on interest, job availability, or compensation. In the end, though, this choice could impact whether you go on to seek a higher degree. Some specializations include:\\nPetrochemicals\\nPharmaceuticals\\nFood\\nGeneral manufacturing\\nEnvironmental\\n1-5. Get a master’s of science.\\nApply for admission to a program that offers a master’s in chemical engineering or a related field. These programs could take between one and four years to complete, depending on the institution. During your studies, you’ll complete advanced course work and gain hands-on experience working in interdisciplinary teams.\\nManagerial or higher level chemical engineering jobs will likely require a master’s.\\n2. Gaining Experience and Certification\\n2-1. Complete an internship or apprenticeship.\\nInternships or apprenticeships are positions you can apply for during your education or immediately after. If you are enrolled in an academic program, ask your advisor or a professor if they know of internship opportunities. In addition, depending on the institution you study at, they might have internship placement agreements with businesses in the area.\\nVisit http://internships.aiche.org/ to view current internships.\\nThese positions generally offer low or no pay, but put you on a track for a permanent position once you’ve finished your education or gained a certain amount of experience.\\nMany good bachelor’s or master’s programs will require or recommend that you complete an internship. In addition, your major professor or department might have contacts that will make it easier for you to secure an internship.\\n2-2. Get cooperative engineering experience.\\nMany employers value candidates with experience cooperating with other chemical engineers and engineers from different disciplines. Because of this, you should make it a priority to get experience working on teams to solve a variety of problems. You can gain this experience:\\nDuring your work as an intern.\\nIn your graduate studies.\\nAt an entry-level job or through other related work experience.\\n2-3. Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering exam.\\nApply to take the test through your state or regional professional association. Very often, the exam is administered by national or international testing services. Ask your college professors or contact your local professional association for more information.\\nThis test is often taken during the test-taker's final year of college.\\nAfter passing this exam, you will earn the title “Engineer in Training” or “Engineer Intern.”\\n2-4. Earn a passing score on the Professional Engineering exam.\\nWhereas the Fundamentals test is sponsored by professional associations, this exam is often sponsored by state or local governments. To sign up for it, contact your state board of licensing.\\nTo take this test, you must have four years of work experience.\\nOnce you pass the test, you will gain the title of \\\"Engineer.\\\"\\nVisit http://ncees.org/engineering/ for more information.\\n3. Getting a Job and Advancing Your Career\\n3-1. Join professional organizations.\\nBy joining professional organizations, you’ll have the opportunity to gain continuing education and engage in professional networking. After joining an organization, you will be able to attend your professional organization’s annual conference. There, you’ll meet professionals in your field. You may also have the opportunity to interview for jobs at conferences. The most noted organizations are:\\nThe American Institute of Chemical Engineers. This organization hosts annual regional conferences for students, as well as national or global meetings for professionals.\\nThe National Society of Professional Engineers. This organization is employment oriented, offers a job board, and organizes mentoring programs.\\n3-2. Network with professionals.\\nKeep the contact information of anyone you meet at conferences, fellow chemical engineering students in college, and others you meet while gaining experience. These professionals will serve as assets to you and may be able to help you advance your career later on.\\n3-3. Look on the websites of major employers.\\nVisit the employment websites of just about any major multinational corporation to see if they have any openings for chemical engineers. Depending on your region, and whether you’re willing to relocate, you should be able to find a position that meets your skill set. Consider the following companies:\\nMonsanto\\nArcher Daniels Midland\\nDow Chemical\\nInternational Paper\\nGeneral Motors\\nKraft\\n3-4. Visit job board websites or recruiters.\\nYou’ll be able to find a wide variety of chemical engineering jobs on major internet job board websites. These websites will list positions with various requirements and skill levels. Some websites include:\\nIndeed.com\\nSimplyhired.com\\nMonster.com\\nSun Recruiting\\n3-5. Look for better jobs.\\nAfter you've spent a couple of years gaining experience, you should consider looking for a better job. A better job may offer you a higher salary, more advancement opportunities, and new professional challenges. To get a better job:\\nUse the contacts you've made over the years.\\nKeep an eye on job boards for new job postings.\\nVisit conferences annually. This way, you'll continue to make new contacts and stay apprised of new opportunities in the industry.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A career as a chemical engineer is a rewarding path that offers interesting work and very good compensation. In addition, chemical engineering is suitable for a wide range of people with different interests and talents. Becoming a chemical engineer, though, is somewhat challenging, as you must attain the proper educational prerequisites, gain certain experience, and commit yourself to a job search. However, with commitment and perseverance, you’ll be on your way to an exciting career as a chemical engineer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Evaluate your skills and interests.\", \"描述\": \"Before deciding to become a chemical engineer, you should consider your skills and interests. This is because chemical engineers need a certain set of skills. If you're not interested in developing those skills, you won't enjoy it as a career.\\nYou should be good at completing high level math equations. You'll have to master algebra, trigonometry, calculus, and more.\\nYou should have an interest in the physical sciences. You'll have to complete many chemistry courses, including organic chemistry.\\nYou should have an eye for detail.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to an institution that offers a bachelor’s in chemical engineering.\", \"描述\": \"The minimum qualification for most chemical engineering positions is a bachelor’s of science. Without earning a bachelor’s of science, you won’t be able to get a job as a chemical engineer.\\nSome of the top universities to earn a bachelor’s of science with an emphasis on chemical engineering include: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Cambridge, and Kyoto University.\\nMost large public universities offer degrees compatible with a career as a chemical engineer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your coursework.\", \"描述\": \"To earn your degree in chemical engineering, you'll have to complete a number of prerequisites and core courses. Without these courses, you won't have the foundation or specific knowledge to practice as a chemical engineer. Some courses include:\\nBasic science and math courses like: chemistry, physics, and algebra.\\nChemistry core classes like: organic chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry.\\nChemical engineering core classes like: fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, engineering thermodynamics, and chemical reaction engineering.\\nGeneral engineering classes like: computer programming, instrumentation lab, and probability and statistics.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pick your area of specialization.\", \"描述\": \"While you’re in your undergraduate program or soon after, you’ll have the opportunity decide on which industry you'd like to work in. You can decide on your specialization based on interest, job availability, or compensation. In the end, though, this choice could impact whether you go on to seek a higher degree. Some specializations include:\\nPetrochemicals\\nPharmaceuticals\\nFood\\nGeneral manufacturing\\nEnvironmental\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a master’s of science.\", \"描述\": \"Apply for admission to a program that offers a master’s in chemical engineering or a related field. These programs could take between one and four years to complete, depending on the institution. During your studies, you’ll complete advanced course work and gain hands-on experience working in interdisciplinary teams.\\nManagerial or higher level chemical engineering jobs will likely require a master’s.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience and Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete an internship or apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"Internships or apprenticeships are positions you can apply for during your education or immediately after. If you are enrolled in an academic program, ask your advisor or a professor if they know of internship opportunities. In addition, depending on the institution you study at, they might have internship placement agreements with businesses in the area.\\nVisit http://internships.aiche.org/ to view current internships.\\nThese positions generally offer low or no pay, but put you on a track for a permanent position once you’ve finished your education or gained a certain amount of experience.\\nMany good bachelor’s or master’s programs will require or recommend that you complete an internship. In addition, your major professor or department might have contacts that will make it easier for you to secure an internship.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get cooperative engineering experience.\", \"描述\": \"Many employers value candidates with experience cooperating with other chemical engineers and engineers from different disciplines. Because of this, you should make it a priority to get experience working on teams to solve a variety of problems. You can gain this experience:\\nDuring your work as an intern.\\nIn your graduate studies.\\nAt an entry-level job or through other related work experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering exam.\", \"描述\": \"Apply to take the test through your state or regional professional association. Very often, the exam is administered by national or international testing services. Ask your college professors or contact your local professional association for more information.\\nThis test is often taken during the test-taker's final year of college.\\nAfter passing this exam, you will earn the title “Engineer in Training” or “Engineer Intern.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Earn a passing score on the Professional Engineering exam.\", \"描述\": \"Whereas the Fundamentals test is sponsored by professional associations, this exam is often sponsored by state or local governments. To sign up for it, contact your state board of licensing.\\nTo take this test, you must have four years of work experience.\\nOnce you pass the test, you will gain the title of \\\"Engineer.\\\"\\nVisit http://ncees.org/engineering/ for more information.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job and Advancing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join professional organizations.\", \"描述\": \"By joining professional organizations, you’ll have the opportunity to gain continuing education and engage in professional networking. After joining an organization, you will be able to attend your professional organization’s annual conference. There, you’ll meet professionals in your field. You may also have the opportunity to interview for jobs at conferences. The most noted organizations are:\\nThe American Institute of Chemical Engineers. This organization hosts annual regional conferences for students, as well as national or global meetings for professionals.\\nThe National Society of Professional Engineers. This organization is employment oriented, offers a job board, and organizes mentoring programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network with professionals.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the contact information of anyone you meet at conferences, fellow chemical engineering students in college, and others you meet while gaining experience. These professionals will serve as assets to you and may be able to help you advance your career later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look on the websites of major employers.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the employment websites of just about any major multinational corporation to see if they have any openings for chemical engineers. Depending on your region, and whether you’re willing to relocate, you should be able to find a position that meets your skill set. Consider the following companies:\\nMonsanto\\nArcher Daniels Midland\\nDow Chemical\\nInternational Paper\\nGeneral Motors\\nKraft\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Visit job board websites or recruiters.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll be able to find a wide variety of chemical engineering jobs on major internet job board websites. These websites will list positions with various requirements and skill levels. Some websites include:\\nIndeed.com\\nSimplyhired.com\\nMonster.com\\nSun Recruiting\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look for better jobs.\", \"描述\": \"After you've spent a couple of years gaining experience, you should consider looking for a better job. A better job may offer you a higher salary, more advancement opportunities, and new professional challenges. To get a better job:\\nUse the contacts you've made over the years.\\nKeep an eye on job boards for new job postings.\\nVisit conferences annually. This way, you'll continue to make new contacts and stay apprised of new opportunities in the industry.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,264 |
How to Become a Chemistry Teacher
|
1. Learning Chemistry
1-1. Decide that teaching chemistry is right for you.
Being a teacher isn’t about learning a subject. It’s about being able to pass along that knowledge to others, many of whom won’t be as interested as you. You need to be able to get excited when explaining chemistry to others. You will need to be a strong communicator to help students understand concepts, and watch them carefully to notice when they may be struggling.
Other soft skills that will assist you as a chemistry teacher include creative thinking, problem-solving, time management skills, the ability to manage multiple projects at once, and the ability to communicate effectively with students, parents, fellow faculty members, and members of the community.
1-2. Study as much math and science as you can in high school.
While chemistry is your passion, there is a limit to what you can study in high school. Beef up your background by taking advanced courses in other sciences like physics and biology, as well as advanced math courses like geometry and calculus.
1-3. Get a bachelor's degree.
Since you want to teach chemistry, that subject should probably be your major. Alternatively, you can major in education, but then be sure to minor in chemistry. Depending on the school, you may be able to double major.
Some schools even offer a specific subfield within the chemistry major for potential educators. These programs will acquaint you with the field’s principles, as well as good ways to relate them to students. If you enter college knowing you want to teach, this may be your best option.
Not having a chemistry degree is not necessarily a reason you can’t teach the subject. Only about half of the chemistry teachers in the United States majored or minored in the subject. Some states may offer alternative methods to licensing prospective chemistry teachers who have bachelor's degrees in other fields. Check the requirements on the Board of Education website in the state in which you plan to teach for specifics.
1-4. Get a master's degree.
Most states require an advanced degree to become a public school teacher, so be sure to check the requirements in your state. Even if the state you want to teach in doesn’t require one, this can give you a wider variety of places to potentially work. This degree can be in chemistry or education. In either case, you are demonstrating a greater depth of knowledge, which even schools that do not require will find attractive when hiring.
There is the additional option of continuing on with your education to receive a doctorate. This is necessary if you want to teach at the college level. In addition, some private schools will like the ability to hire a PhD. If you want to teach at a public school there is no reason to go for the doctorate.
1-5. Get some experience in the profession of chemistry.
Through high school and college, you should be willing to find ways to get practical chemistry experience. This doesn’t need to be a full-time job, or even paid employment. Experience like this will help keep you connected to the subject when you aren’t in class or lab, and can give you practical exposure to the field. This can be especially useful when explaining the wonders of chemistry to uninterested middle or high school students.
If you are interested in chemistry while in high school, talk to your chemistry teacher, or other people you know who are chemists or work with chemists. Look for jobs in places that employ chemists, like pharmacies, where you can at least watch chemists work, even if you can’t do much with them directly.
If you are majoring in chemistry in college, join chemistry clubs and honor societies (like Gamma Sigma Epsilon, Iota Sigma Pi, and Phi Lambda Upsilon), and look for internships during your summers. Practical work experience gained when you are studying the subject will look good when applying for a teaching job.
1-6. Get your teaching certification.
To teach chemistry in a public middle or high school, you will need a valid teaching certificate for the state in which you plan to teach, and many private schools may require you to have a teacher's license as well. The exact requirements vary from state to state. Generally, the license requires a single-subject certification and classroom experience. Many programs allow you to do these two things simultaneously.
Some schools will allow you to work towards getting your certification while you start teaching, so long as you do it as soon as you can. This is especially helpful for people who already have a background in practical chemical work, but want to change careers and go into teaching.
Some states offer reciprocity arrangements with other states where a valid teaching license in one state is automatically honored in other states, while other states require licensed teachers from other states to obtain a new license to teach in their state if they take a teaching position in the new state. Check with the Board of Education of the state in which you plan to obtain your license and any state in which you plan to move to for specifics.
2. Teaching Chemistry at the College Level
2-1. Decide what kind of college you want to work for.
There are different kinds of colleges and universities out there, and each will involve you working with different student populations who have specific needs and requirements. In addition, certain schools also have research requirements for you, to make sure you and the institution remain on the cutting edge of chemical work.
Community College. These are two-year public schools that provide the basis for students to transfer to four-year institutions. You will mostly be teaching introductory level courses, with limited lab work. The school will likely require only a master's degree to teach there, and you will spend most of your time preparing classes and working with students both in and out of class. Most schools will not expect you to do your own research, though the resources may be available if you have the time and desire.
Predominantly Undergraduate Institution (PUI). These are four-year schools that keep their faculty focused on teaching classes for undergraduates. You will teach both survey-level classes to the general student population and more specific upper-level classes for chemistry majors. If your school has a graduate program, you may teach those classes as well. Schools will expect you to maintain an active research agenda, keeping up with the field and producing new research.
Research Institution (R1). These are four-year schools that are focused on producing new and cutting edge research. Your primary responsibility will be to work in the lab and publish articles in academic journals that advance the field. You will have teaching responsibilities as well, ranging from introductory surveys to graduate seminars. For teaching, especially surveys, you will likely have teaching assistants, graduate students who can help with grading and other classroom responsibilities.
2-2. Get an advanced degree in chemistry.
Colleges want to see proof that you have a mastery of the subject material, which means your masters or doctorate needs to be specifically in chemistry, not education. You will need at least a master's degree to teach chemistry to college students, while most four-year institutions require a doctorate.
2-3. Build a good relationship with your advisor.
Your advisor is not just your instructor, but also a mentor for your career. In addition, he probably has many connections in the field, which you will need for recommendations and getting your foot into the door of many job openings.
2-4. Find teaching experience.
Most of the work you do in graduate school will be about learning chemistry principles and performing your own research. If you want to be a teacher, though, you need to get classroom experience. This will make you more attractive to a variety of schools, as the most likely jobs you will get will focus on your teaching ability.
When you are in graduate school, make sure you get experience as a teaching assistant. Your duties will involve grading, leading labs and discussion sections, and holding office hours, all important jobs of an instructor. There are many possible tasks for a graduate assistant, so you may want to make sure you ask your advisor or department to make sure you get in the classroom.
You can also cover classes as an adjunct. Many schools use temporary faculty to cover classes, especially at an introductory level. Many of these positions don’t require a doctorate, so you can even do those before finishing your doctorate. Call or email schools in your area to see if they have openings, and send out your cv to look for interest.
2-5. Create a teaching philosophy.
In fields like the hard sciences, college professors tend to be more interested in their research instead of teaching. You will want to be able to explain to a job search committee what draws you to teaching. When you prepare your teaching philosophy, make sure it explains both how you approach teaching, but also what draws you to doing it.
This teaching philosophy is also a great way to highlight the practical experiences you’ve gained from being a teaching assistant and course instructor. Talk about projects, labs, and assignments that kept students’ attention, and things you learned about students from interacting with them.
2-6. Find a job
College-level teaching jobs are difficult to come by, and you will be facing stiff competition. As you search through job advertisements, prepare your application, and face the interview, there are small steps you can take to help increase your chances of success.
Read the job advertisement carefully to make sure you have all of the proper materials for your application. Each school asks for something different, and will ask for it by a certain date as well. Make sure each application has all of the documentation you need, or else the search committee probably won’t read your materials.
Tailor your application materials to the school you are applying to. Every school is a little bit different, and will look for different things in their students and faculty. Make sure your materials discuss how you will be a good fit for the school and department. If your advisor knows someone in the department, he will probably have some good advice for things you can say to ingratiate yourself quickly.
If you get an interview, make sure you are prepared for the big moments, which include explaining your research and interacting with future colleagues. You will be expected to discuss your research, both formally in a job talk, and informally in conversation with other faculty. Make sure you can discuss your work in a compact and coherent way, and that you keep to the time allotted. A job talk should not run over, and informal conversation should be kept to within 5 minutes (the “elevator pitch”). The interview is also a way for the other faculty to see what kind of colleague you will be, so make sure to study their research interests, and ask them about the projects they are working on.
2-7. Earn tenure.
The ultimate goal for a college professor is to earn tenure, effectively a lifetime appointment to your position. After you spend about six to seven years as an Associate Professor, the school will review your work to see that you are a valued member of the faculty and someone they want to keep around. If you do not earn tenure, your contract will most likely end and you will have to find a new job. Every school’s requirements for tenure are slightly different, but they all involve a combination of productive research, teaching quality, and service to the school and department.
The importance of each part of the tenure process depends on the school you work for. Community colleges and PUIs put greater emphasis on teaching than R1s, where research is most important. Make sure you know what your school and department wants to emphasize when you start to make sure you spend your time appropriately.
Because tenure review is done by your peers, it can be helpful to be a good colleague. Remain friendly, help with requests and concerns, and do your best to be someone other faculty will want to work with. Having a good relationship with your co-workers can help you in the process, and bad colleagues may not receive tenure even if they are otherwise productive.
3. Finding a Job and Continuing Your Education
3-1. Decide what kind of school you want to work for.
There are a number of different schools in the country, and each type will have certain kinds of students and resources for you to work with. While you can be willing to work in more than one type of school, it can be good to know the differences.
Public Schools. These are the most common type of school, and will have the largest number of job openings. They are open to all students in a locally governed school district, and subject to regulation by state and federal law. You will have larger classes with a variety of learning types and ability levels. The type of students you get will vary based on a variety of factors such as the school district’s location. Depending on the school, your resources for labs and classroom work may be limited, which can affect the types of labs you have students do. Some public school systems operate charter or magnet schools, which draw students from across the district and have higher standards for work.
Private Schools. These schools operate separately from the public school system, and generally have their own standards. Many have admissions requirements, so you will probably have smaller classes with better students. These can be governed by private groups, including churches, so you may be subjected to additional rules regarding standards and behavior. Many private schools will want you to have a master's degree, and will like it if you have a doctorate.
3-2. Join a professional organization.
There are several major professional organizations out there for teachers, such as the Association of American Educators. These groups are great for networking, finding opportunities for continuing education, and learning about new job openings. There are also professional unions such as the National Education Association and American Federation of Teachers, which can be helpful understanding your job rights and responsibilities.
3-3. Search for openings.
Once you have a sense of the kind of schools you are looking for and where you want to work, start searching for open teaching positions in those areas. Many professional organizations have job boards or other ways of advertising open positions. Find schools that are looking for chemistry teachers and submit your application.
If you are more restricted geographically in your searching, perhaps for family or personal reasons, you may have be proactive in hunting. Instead of hoping for an open position nearby, contact local school districts and principals to ask what might be available. Be prepared to show your cv and discuss your experiences. Even if they aren’t willing or able to hire you right away, they may be willing to keep your cv on file in case an opening does appear.
3-4. Plan out your lessons.
Look for the requirements or exams given by your state or school that the students should be prepared for. Otherwise, list out the main concepts you will want your students to understand, and prepare labs to demonstrate those ideas.
Take into account the resources your school has available. Do not plan labs that involve equipment or chemicals that the school doesn’t have, or at the very least be prepared to acquire them yourself.
3-5. Keep up with standards.
State standards for student learning are always changing, so you will need to keep a lookout. You not only want your students to understand the basics behind chemistry, but gain the specific knowledge required of them for advancement and graduation.#*This is also important if you teach Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate level classes to high school students. Those standards should be readily available, and the testing companies are willing to provide additional materials and courses to help teachers prepare their students for the exams.
3-6. Continue your education.
Just because you have the degree and the job doesn’t mean you can stop learning. You know that chemistry is an ever-changing field, and new tools for student comprehension are being developed all the time. Search for courses in both chemistry and education that will help you keep up with new developments in the field, hone your skills, and network with other teachers to find new and interesting ways to help your students learn. Professional organizations like the American Association of Chemistry Teachers can offer in person and online courses for teachers looking to broaden their knowledge.
There are a variety of state and federal requirements involving continuing education and professional development in order to maintain your certification. Keep an eye on what you need to do, and make sure you keep up with the standards.
Tips
Because of the way sciences are taught, chemistry teachers work almost exclusively in high schools and colleges. You can teach chemistry topics and principles in elementary and middle schools, but usually as part of a more general science course.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning Chemistry\\n1-1. Decide that teaching chemistry is right for you.\\nBeing a teacher isn’t about learning a subject. It’s about being able to pass along that knowledge to others, many of whom won’t be as interested as you. You need to be able to get excited when explaining chemistry to others. You will need to be a strong communicator to help students understand concepts, and watch them carefully to notice when they may be struggling.\\nOther soft skills that will assist you as a chemistry teacher include creative thinking, problem-solving, time management skills, the ability to manage multiple projects at once, and the ability to communicate effectively with students, parents, fellow faculty members, and members of the community.\\n1-2. Study as much math and science as you can in high school.\\nWhile chemistry is your passion, there is a limit to what you can study in high school. Beef up your background by taking advanced courses in other sciences like physics and biology, as well as advanced math courses like geometry and calculus.\\n1-3. Get a bachelor's degree.\\nSince you want to teach chemistry, that subject should probably be your major. Alternatively, you can major in education, but then be sure to minor in chemistry. Depending on the school, you may be able to double major.\\nSome schools even offer a specific subfield within the chemistry major for potential educators. These programs will acquaint you with the field’s principles, as well as good ways to relate them to students. If you enter college knowing you want to teach, this may be your best option.\\nNot having a chemistry degree is not necessarily a reason you can’t teach the subject. Only about half of the chemistry teachers in the United States majored or minored in the subject. Some states may offer alternative methods to licensing prospective chemistry teachers who have bachelor's degrees in other fields. Check the requirements on the Board of Education website in the state in which you plan to teach for specifics.\\n1-4. Get a master's degree.\\nMost states require an advanced degree to become a public school teacher, so be sure to check the requirements in your state. Even if the state you want to teach in doesn’t require one, this can give you a wider variety of places to potentially work. This degree can be in chemistry or education. In either case, you are demonstrating a greater depth of knowledge, which even schools that do not require will find attractive when hiring.\\nThere is the additional option of continuing on with your education to receive a doctorate. This is necessary if you want to teach at the college level. In addition, some private schools will like the ability to hire a PhD. If you want to teach at a public school there is no reason to go for the doctorate.\\n1-5. Get some experience in the profession of chemistry.\\nThrough high school and college, you should be willing to find ways to get practical chemistry experience. This doesn’t need to be a full-time job, or even paid employment. Experience like this will help keep you connected to the subject when you aren’t in class or lab, and can give you practical exposure to the field. This can be especially useful when explaining the wonders of chemistry to uninterested middle or high school students.\\nIf you are interested in chemistry while in high school, talk to your chemistry teacher, or other people you know who are chemists or work with chemists. Look for jobs in places that employ chemists, like pharmacies, where you can at least watch chemists work, even if you can’t do much with them directly.\\nIf you are majoring in chemistry in college, join chemistry clubs and honor societies (like Gamma Sigma Epsilon, Iota Sigma Pi, and Phi Lambda Upsilon), and look for internships during your summers. Practical work experience gained when you are studying the subject will look good when applying for a teaching job.\\n1-6. Get your teaching certification.\\nTo teach chemistry in a public middle or high school, you will need a valid teaching certificate for the state in which you plan to teach, and many private schools may require you to have a teacher's license as well. The exact requirements vary from state to state. Generally, the license requires a single-subject certification and classroom experience. Many programs allow you to do these two things simultaneously.\\nSome schools will allow you to work towards getting your certification while you start teaching, so long as you do it as soon as you can. This is especially helpful for people who already have a background in practical chemical work, but want to change careers and go into teaching.\\nSome states offer reciprocity arrangements with other states where a valid teaching license in one state is automatically honored in other states, while other states require licensed teachers from other states to obtain a new license to teach in their state if they take a teaching position in the new state. Check with the Board of Education of the state in which you plan to obtain your license and any state in which you plan to move to for specifics.\\n2. Teaching Chemistry at the College Level\\n2-1. Decide what kind of college you want to work for.\\nThere are different kinds of colleges and universities out there, and each will involve you working with different student populations who have specific needs and requirements. In addition, certain schools also have research requirements for you, to make sure you and the institution remain on the cutting edge of chemical work.\\nCommunity College. These are two-year public schools that provide the basis for students to transfer to four-year institutions. You will mostly be teaching introductory level courses, with limited lab work. The school will likely require only a master's degree to teach there, and you will spend most of your time preparing classes and working with students both in and out of class. Most schools will not expect you to do your own research, though the resources may be available if you have the time and desire.\\nPredominantly Undergraduate Institution (PUI). These are four-year schools that keep their faculty focused on teaching classes for undergraduates. You will teach both survey-level classes to the general student population and more specific upper-level classes for chemistry majors. If your school has a graduate program, you may teach those classes as well. Schools will expect you to maintain an active research agenda, keeping up with the field and producing new research.\\nResearch Institution (R1). These are four-year schools that are focused on producing new and cutting edge research. Your primary responsibility will be to work in the lab and publish articles in academic journals that advance the field. You will have teaching responsibilities as well, ranging from introductory surveys to graduate seminars. For teaching, especially surveys, you will likely have teaching assistants, graduate students who can help with grading and other classroom responsibilities.\\n2-2. Get an advanced degree in chemistry.\\nColleges want to see proof that you have a mastery of the subject material, which means your masters or doctorate needs to be specifically in chemistry, not education. You will need at least a master's degree to teach chemistry to college students, while most four-year institutions require a doctorate.\\n2-3. Build a good relationship with your advisor.\\nYour advisor is not just your instructor, but also a mentor for your career. In addition, he probably has many connections in the field, which you will need for recommendations and getting your foot into the door of many job openings.\\n2-4. Find teaching experience.\\nMost of the work you do in graduate school will be about learning chemistry principles and performing your own research. If you want to be a teacher, though, you need to get classroom experience. This will make you more attractive to a variety of schools, as the most likely jobs you will get will focus on your teaching ability.\\nWhen you are in graduate school, make sure you get experience as a teaching assistant. Your duties will involve grading, leading labs and discussion sections, and holding office hours, all important jobs of an instructor. There are many possible tasks for a graduate assistant, so you may want to make sure you ask your advisor or department to make sure you get in the classroom.\\nYou can also cover classes as an adjunct. Many schools use temporary faculty to cover classes, especially at an introductory level. Many of these positions don’t require a doctorate, so you can even do those before finishing your doctorate. Call or email schools in your area to see if they have openings, and send out your cv to look for interest.\\n2-5. Create a teaching philosophy.\\nIn fields like the hard sciences, college professors tend to be more interested in their research instead of teaching. You will want to be able to explain to a job search committee what draws you to teaching. When you prepare your teaching philosophy, make sure it explains both how you approach teaching, but also what draws you to doing it.\\nThis teaching philosophy is also a great way to highlight the practical experiences you’ve gained from being a teaching assistant and course instructor. Talk about projects, labs, and assignments that kept students’ attention, and things you learned about students from interacting with them.\\n2-6. Find a job\\nCollege-level teaching jobs are difficult to come by, and you will be facing stiff competition. As you search through job advertisements, prepare your application, and face the interview, there are small steps you can take to help increase your chances of success.\\nRead the job advertisement carefully to make sure you have all of the proper materials for your application. Each school asks for something different, and will ask for it by a certain date as well. Make sure each application has all of the documentation you need, or else the search committee probably won’t read your materials.\\nTailor your application materials to the school you are applying to. Every school is a little bit different, and will look for different things in their students and faculty. Make sure your materials discuss how you will be a good fit for the school and department. If your advisor knows someone in the department, he will probably have some good advice for things you can say to ingratiate yourself quickly.\\nIf you get an interview, make sure you are prepared for the big moments, which include explaining your research and interacting with future colleagues. You will be expected to discuss your research, both formally in a job talk, and informally in conversation with other faculty. Make sure you can discuss your work in a compact and coherent way, and that you keep to the time allotted. A job talk should not run over, and informal conversation should be kept to within 5 minutes (the “elevator pitch”). The interview is also a way for the other faculty to see what kind of colleague you will be, so make sure to study their research interests, and ask them about the projects they are working on.\\n2-7. Earn tenure.\\nThe ultimate goal for a college professor is to earn tenure, effectively a lifetime appointment to your position. After you spend about six to seven years as an Associate Professor, the school will review your work to see that you are a valued member of the faculty and someone they want to keep around. If you do not earn tenure, your contract will most likely end and you will have to find a new job. Every school’s requirements for tenure are slightly different, but they all involve a combination of productive research, teaching quality, and service to the school and department.\\nThe importance of each part of the tenure process depends on the school you work for. Community colleges and PUIs put greater emphasis on teaching than R1s, where research is most important. Make sure you know what your school and department wants to emphasize when you start to make sure you spend your time appropriately.\\nBecause tenure review is done by your peers, it can be helpful to be a good colleague. Remain friendly, help with requests and concerns, and do your best to be someone other faculty will want to work with. Having a good relationship with your co-workers can help you in the process, and bad colleagues may not receive tenure even if they are otherwise productive.\\n3. Finding a Job and Continuing Your Education\\n3-1. Decide what kind of school you want to work for.\\nThere are a number of different schools in the country, and each type will have certain kinds of students and resources for you to work with. While you can be willing to work in more than one type of school, it can be good to know the differences.\\nPublic Schools. These are the most common type of school, and will have the largest number of job openings. They are open to all students in a locally governed school district, and subject to regulation by state and federal law. You will have larger classes with a variety of learning types and ability levels. The type of students you get will vary based on a variety of factors such as the school district’s location. Depending on the school, your resources for labs and classroom work may be limited, which can affect the types of labs you have students do. Some public school systems operate charter or magnet schools, which draw students from across the district and have higher standards for work.\\nPrivate Schools. These schools operate separately from the public school system, and generally have their own standards. Many have admissions requirements, so you will probably have smaller classes with better students. These can be governed by private groups, including churches, so you may be subjected to additional rules regarding standards and behavior. Many private schools will want you to have a master's degree, and will like it if you have a doctorate.\\n3-2. Join a professional organization.\\nThere are several major professional organizations out there for teachers, such as the Association of American Educators. These groups are great for networking, finding opportunities for continuing education, and learning about new job openings. There are also professional unions such as the National Education Association and American Federation of Teachers, which can be helpful understanding your job rights and responsibilities.\\n3-3. Search for openings.\\nOnce you have a sense of the kind of schools you are looking for and where you want to work, start searching for open teaching positions in those areas. Many professional organizations have job boards or other ways of advertising open positions. Find schools that are looking for chemistry teachers and submit your application.\\nIf you are more restricted geographically in your searching, perhaps for family or personal reasons, you may have be proactive in hunting. Instead of hoping for an open position nearby, contact local school districts and principals to ask what might be available. Be prepared to show your cv and discuss your experiences. Even if they aren’t willing or able to hire you right away, they may be willing to keep your cv on file in case an opening does appear.\\n3-4. Plan out your lessons.\\nLook for the requirements or exams given by your state or school that the students should be prepared for. Otherwise, list out the main concepts you will want your students to understand, and prepare labs to demonstrate those ideas.\\nTake into account the resources your school has available. Do not plan labs that involve equipment or chemicals that the school doesn’t have, or at the very least be prepared to acquire them yourself.\\n3-5. Keep up with standards.\\nState standards for student learning are always changing, so you will need to keep a lookout. You not only want your students to understand the basics behind chemistry, but gain the specific knowledge required of them for advancement and graduation.#*This is also important if you teach Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate level classes to high school students. Those standards should be readily available, and the testing companies are willing to provide additional materials and courses to help teachers prepare their students for the exams.\\n3-6. Continue your education.\\nJust because you have the degree and the job doesn’t mean you can stop learning. You know that chemistry is an ever-changing field, and new tools for student comprehension are being developed all the time. Search for courses in both chemistry and education that will help you keep up with new developments in the field, hone your skills, and network with other teachers to find new and interesting ways to help your students learn. Professional organizations like the American Association of Chemistry Teachers can offer in person and online courses for teachers looking to broaden their knowledge.\\nThere are a variety of state and federal requirements involving continuing education and professional development in order to maintain your certification. Keep an eye on what you need to do, and make sure you keep up with the standards.\\nTips\\nBecause of the way sciences are taught, chemistry teachers work almost exclusively in high schools and colleges. You can teach chemistry topics and principles in elementary and middle schools, but usually as part of a more general science course.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Chemistry teachers help future scientists, engineers, and healthcare professionals develop the foundations in chemistry they will need to further their college studies and launch their careers. They also help other students gain an understanding of how the world around them works. If you have the desire to share your love of chemistry with students, becoming a chemistry teacher may be for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning Chemistry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide that teaching chemistry is right for you.\", \"描述\": \"Being a teacher isn’t about learning a subject. It’s about being able to pass along that knowledge to others, many of whom won’t be as interested as you. You need to be able to get excited when explaining chemistry to others. You will need to be a strong communicator to help students understand concepts, and watch them carefully to notice when they may be struggling.\\nOther soft skills that will assist you as a chemistry teacher include creative thinking, problem-solving, time management skills, the ability to manage multiple projects at once, and the ability to communicate effectively with students, parents, fellow faculty members, and members of the community.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study as much math and science as you can in high school.\", \"描述\": \"While chemistry is your passion, there is a limit to what you can study in high school. Beef up your background by taking advanced courses in other sciences like physics and biology, as well as advanced math courses like geometry and calculus.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Since you want to teach chemistry, that subject should probably be your major. Alternatively, you can major in education, but then be sure to minor in chemistry. Depending on the school, you may be able to double major.\\nSome schools even offer a specific subfield within the chemistry major for potential educators. These programs will acquaint you with the field’s principles, as well as good ways to relate them to students. If you enter college knowing you want to teach, this may be your best option.\\nNot having a chemistry degree is not necessarily a reason you can’t teach the subject. Only about half of the chemistry teachers in the United States majored or minored in the subject. Some states may offer alternative methods to licensing prospective chemistry teachers who have bachelor's degrees in other fields. Check the requirements on the Board of Education website in the state in which you plan to teach for specifics.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require an advanced degree to become a public school teacher, so be sure to check the requirements in your state. Even if the state you want to teach in doesn’t require one, this can give you a wider variety of places to potentially work. This degree can be in chemistry or education. In either case, you are demonstrating a greater depth of knowledge, which even schools that do not require will find attractive when hiring.\\nThere is the additional option of continuing on with your education to receive a doctorate. This is necessary if you want to teach at the college level. In addition, some private schools will like the ability to hire a PhD. If you want to teach at a public school there is no reason to go for the doctorate.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get some experience in the profession of chemistry.\", \"描述\": \"Through high school and college, you should be willing to find ways to get practical chemistry experience. This doesn’t need to be a full-time job, or even paid employment. Experience like this will help keep you connected to the subject when you aren’t in class or lab, and can give you practical exposure to the field. This can be especially useful when explaining the wonders of chemistry to uninterested middle or high school students.\\nIf you are interested in chemistry while in high school, talk to your chemistry teacher, or other people you know who are chemists or work with chemists. Look for jobs in places that employ chemists, like pharmacies, where you can at least watch chemists work, even if you can’t do much with them directly.\\nIf you are majoring in chemistry in college, join chemistry clubs and honor societies (like Gamma Sigma Epsilon, Iota Sigma Pi, and Phi Lambda Upsilon), and look for internships during your summers. Practical work experience gained when you are studying the subject will look good when applying for a teaching job.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get your teaching certification.\", \"描述\": \"To teach chemistry in a public middle or high school, you will need a valid teaching certificate for the state in which you plan to teach, and many private schools may require you to have a teacher's license as well. The exact requirements vary from state to state. Generally, the license requires a single-subject certification and classroom experience. Many programs allow you to do these two things simultaneously.\\nSome schools will allow you to work towards getting your certification while you start teaching, so long as you do it as soon as you can. This is especially helpful for people who already have a background in practical chemical work, but want to change careers and go into teaching.\\nSome states offer reciprocity arrangements with other states where a valid teaching license in one state is automatically honored in other states, while other states require licensed teachers from other states to obtain a new license to teach in their state if they take a teaching position in the new state. Check with the Board of Education of the state in which you plan to obtain your license and any state in which you plan to move to for specifics.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Teaching Chemistry at the College Level\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of college you want to work for.\", \"描述\": \"There are different kinds of colleges and universities out there, and each will involve you working with different student populations who have specific needs and requirements. In addition, certain schools also have research requirements for you, to make sure you and the institution remain on the cutting edge of chemical work.\\nCommunity College. These are two-year public schools that provide the basis for students to transfer to four-year institutions. You will mostly be teaching introductory level courses, with limited lab work. The school will likely require only a master's degree to teach there, and you will spend most of your time preparing classes and working with students both in and out of class. Most schools will not expect you to do your own research, though the resources may be available if you have the time and desire.\\nPredominantly Undergraduate Institution (PUI). These are four-year schools that keep their faculty focused on teaching classes for undergraduates. You will teach both survey-level classes to the general student population and more specific upper-level classes for chemistry majors. If your school has a graduate program, you may teach those classes as well. Schools will expect you to maintain an active research agenda, keeping up with the field and producing new research.\\nResearch Institution (R1). These are four-year schools that are focused on producing new and cutting edge research. Your primary responsibility will be to work in the lab and publish articles in academic journals that advance the field. You will have teaching responsibilities as well, ranging from introductory surveys to graduate seminars. For teaching, especially surveys, you will likely have teaching assistants, graduate students who can help with grading and other classroom responsibilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get an advanced degree in chemistry.\", \"描述\": \"Colleges want to see proof that you have a mastery of the subject material, which means your masters or doctorate needs to be specifically in chemistry, not education. You will need at least a master's degree to teach chemistry to college students, while most four-year institutions require a doctorate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build a good relationship with your advisor.\", \"描述\": \"Your advisor is not just your instructor, but also a mentor for your career. In addition, he probably has many connections in the field, which you will need for recommendations and getting your foot into the door of many job openings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find teaching experience.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the work you do in graduate school will be about learning chemistry principles and performing your own research. If you want to be a teacher, though, you need to get classroom experience. This will make you more attractive to a variety of schools, as the most likely jobs you will get will focus on your teaching ability.\\nWhen you are in graduate school, make sure you get experience as a teaching assistant. Your duties will involve grading, leading labs and discussion sections, and holding office hours, all important jobs of an instructor. There are many possible tasks for a graduate assistant, so you may want to make sure you ask your advisor or department to make sure you get in the classroom.\\nYou can also cover classes as an adjunct. Many schools use temporary faculty to cover classes, especially at an introductory level. Many of these positions don’t require a doctorate, so you can even do those before finishing your doctorate. Call or email schools in your area to see if they have openings, and send out your cv to look for interest.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create a teaching philosophy.\", \"描述\": \"In fields like the hard sciences, college professors tend to be more interested in their research instead of teaching. You will want to be able to explain to a job search committee what draws you to teaching. When you prepare your teaching philosophy, make sure it explains both how you approach teaching, but also what draws you to doing it.\\nThis teaching philosophy is also a great way to highlight the practical experiences you’ve gained from being a teaching assistant and course instructor. Talk about projects, labs, and assignments that kept students’ attention, and things you learned about students from interacting with them.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Find a job\", \"描述\": \"College-level teaching jobs are difficult to come by, and you will be facing stiff competition. As you search through job advertisements, prepare your application, and face the interview, there are small steps you can take to help increase your chances of success.\\nRead the job advertisement carefully to make sure you have all of the proper materials for your application. Each school asks for something different, and will ask for it by a certain date as well. Make sure each application has all of the documentation you need, or else the search committee probably won’t read your materials.\\nTailor your application materials to the school you are applying to. Every school is a little bit different, and will look for different things in their students and faculty. Make sure your materials discuss how you will be a good fit for the school and department. If your advisor knows someone in the department, he will probably have some good advice for things you can say to ingratiate yourself quickly.\\nIf you get an interview, make sure you are prepared for the big moments, which include explaining your research and interacting with future colleagues. You will be expected to discuss your research, both formally in a job talk, and informally in conversation with other faculty. Make sure you can discuss your work in a compact and coherent way, and that you keep to the time allotted. A job talk should not run over, and informal conversation should be kept to within 5 minutes (the “elevator pitch”). The interview is also a way for the other faculty to see what kind of colleague you will be, so make sure to study their research interests, and ask them about the projects they are working on.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Earn tenure.\", \"描述\": \"The ultimate goal for a college professor is to earn tenure, effectively a lifetime appointment to your position. After you spend about six to seven years as an Associate Professor, the school will review your work to see that you are a valued member of the faculty and someone they want to keep around. If you do not earn tenure, your contract will most likely end and you will have to find a new job. Every school’s requirements for tenure are slightly different, but they all involve a combination of productive research, teaching quality, and service to the school and department.\\nThe importance of each part of the tenure process depends on the school you work for. Community colleges and PUIs put greater emphasis on teaching than R1s, where research is most important. Make sure you know what your school and department wants to emphasize when you start to make sure you spend your time appropriately.\\nBecause tenure review is done by your peers, it can be helpful to be a good colleague. Remain friendly, help with requests and concerns, and do your best to be someone other faculty will want to work with. Having a good relationship with your co-workers can help you in the process, and bad colleagues may not receive tenure even if they are otherwise productive.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job and Continuing Your Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of school you want to work for.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of different schools in the country, and each type will have certain kinds of students and resources for you to work with. While you can be willing to work in more than one type of school, it can be good to know the differences.\\nPublic Schools. These are the most common type of school, and will have the largest number of job openings. They are open to all students in a locally governed school district, and subject to regulation by state and federal law. You will have larger classes with a variety of learning types and ability levels. The type of students you get will vary based on a variety of factors such as the school district’s location. Depending on the school, your resources for labs and classroom work may be limited, which can affect the types of labs you have students do. Some public school systems operate charter or magnet schools, which draw students from across the district and have higher standards for work.\\nPrivate Schools. These schools operate separately from the public school system, and generally have their own standards. Many have admissions requirements, so you will probably have smaller classes with better students. These can be governed by private groups, including churches, so you may be subjected to additional rules regarding standards and behavior. Many private schools will want you to have a master's degree, and will like it if you have a doctorate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a professional organization.\", \"描述\": \"There are several major professional organizations out there for teachers, such as the Association of American Educators. These groups are great for networking, finding opportunities for continuing education, and learning about new job openings. There are also professional unions such as the National Education Association and American Federation of Teachers, which can be helpful understanding your job rights and responsibilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search for openings.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have a sense of the kind of schools you are looking for and where you want to work, start searching for open teaching positions in those areas. Many professional organizations have job boards or other ways of advertising open positions. Find schools that are looking for chemistry teachers and submit your application.\\nIf you are more restricted geographically in your searching, perhaps for family or personal reasons, you may have be proactive in hunting. Instead of hoping for an open position nearby, contact local school districts and principals to ask what might be available. Be prepared to show your cv and discuss your experiences. Even if they aren’t willing or able to hire you right away, they may be willing to keep your cv on file in case an opening does appear.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Plan out your lessons.\", \"描述\": \"Look for the requirements or exams given by your state or school that the students should be prepared for. Otherwise, list out the main concepts you will want your students to understand, and prepare labs to demonstrate those ideas.\\nTake into account the resources your school has available. Do not plan labs that involve equipment or chemicals that the school doesn’t have, or at the very least be prepared to acquire them yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep up with standards.\", \"描述\": \"State standards for student learning are always changing, so you will need to keep a lookout. You not only want your students to understand the basics behind chemistry, but gain the specific knowledge required of them for advancement and graduation.#*This is also important if you teach Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate level classes to high school students. Those standards should be readily available, and the testing companies are willing to provide additional materials and courses to help teachers prepare their students for the exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Continue your education.\", \"描述\": \"Just because you have the degree and the job doesn’t mean you can stop learning. You know that chemistry is an ever-changing field, and new tools for student comprehension are being developed all the time. Search for courses in both chemistry and education that will help you keep up with new developments in the field, hone your skills, and network with other teachers to find new and interesting ways to help your students learn. Professional organizations like the American Association of Chemistry Teachers can offer in person and online courses for teachers looking to broaden their knowledge.\\nThere are a variety of state and federal requirements involving continuing education and professional development in order to maintain your certification. Keep an eye on what you need to do, and make sure you keep up with the standards.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Because of the way sciences are taught, chemistry teachers work almost exclusively in high schools and colleges. You can teach chemistry topics and principles in elementary and middle schools, but usually as part of a more general science course.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,265 |
How to Become a Child Advocate Lawyer
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1. Considering the Field
1-1. Talk to child advocate attorneys.
One of the best ways to learn what is expected of a child advocate attorney is to ask one. Though there is no single list of responsibilities of a child advocate attorney, some of their responsibilities include:
Conducting investigations
Participating in court proceedings
Making recommendations to the court
Learning and presenting the child’s wishes to the court
1-2. Ask to shadow a child advocate attorney.
Much of what a child advocate attorney does is highly confidential. With the proper permissions, though, you may be able to watch a child advocate attorney as s/he goes about their day. You would likely need the following:
Permission of the client/child’s parents
To sign a confidentiality/nondisclosure agreement
Potentially a criminal background check
1-3. Observe some cases involving minors.
In some jurisdictions, some cases involving minors are closed to the public. These tend to be cases involving dependency and neglect. Sometimes juvenile criminal cases are closed to the public, as well. If you want to observe some cases to see how they are handled, contact a judge who hears juvenile cases. They may allow you to observe some cases and speak with them in chambers about your observations.
2. Getting the Education
2-1. Obtain your Bachelor’s degree.
You cannot get into an ABA (American Bar Association) accredited law school without obtaining a Bachelor’s degree. Law schools are not concerned with your major, but they do tend to prefer majors that include a lot of writing and reading. The most important thing about your undergraduate degree is to keep your grades up. Law School Admissions is extremely competitive. If you want to advocate for children, however, you may want to focus your major on a subject matter involving children and/or child development. Some programs that may help you in your career include:
Child development
Psychology
Social work
Early childhood education
2-2. Take the LSAT.
To get into law school, you must take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). You will want to take this no later than December of your senior year of undergraduate school. You can take it earlier if you like. Your score is valid for five years, and you want to give yourself ample opportunity for a retake if you have a low score.
The exam is offered four times a year.
You must register with LSAC (Law School Admissions Council) to take the LSAT.
The LSAT is a half-day test in multiple-choice format with an unscored essay at the end of the exam
You can take an LSAT preparation class before. taking the exam
2-3. Apply to law schools.
To be a child advocate lawyer, you must be a lawyer. To be a lawyer, you must go to law school. Most states will only allow you to take the bar exam and admit you to practice if you attend an ABA-accredited law school. Some of the things ABA-accredited law schools consider when deciding what students to admit include:
Undergraduate GPA
Score on the Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT)
Your personal history
2-4. Attend law school.
While attending law school, there will be certain required coursework. When selecting your electives, you will want to choose courses that have to do with children. These courses may include juvenile delinquency, dependency and neglect, family law, and domestic violence. In addition, take part in your school's family law clinic. A clinic will help you gain real-world experience dealing with family law issues, which includes issues surrounding child advocacy. Before choosing a law school, check with them to ensure they offer this type of clinic. Some great schools that offer family law clinics include:
Boston College;
the University of California, Berkeley School of Law;
The University of Chicago Law School;
Cornell Law School;
Emory University School of Law; and
Harvard University Law School.
2-5. Take the MPRE.
Most states require all prospective attorneys to take and pass the MPRE (Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination). Most people take it in their second year of law school, but you can take it at any time before being admitted to the bar.
The MPRE is a two-hour multiple-choice exam covering ethics and professional responsibility
The MPRE is given three times per year, and you must register with NCBE (National Conference of Bar Examiners) to take the exam
Many bar exam preparation courses offer free programs to study for the MPRE
Some states require that you also take a professional responsibility course before admission to the bar.
2-6. Apply for admission to your state bar.
Every state has its requirements for admission to the bar (getting your license to practice law). Some states encourage early applications by providing a discounted fee to students who apply in their first year of law school. This allows the bar examiners to conduct a thorough background check (character and fitness examination) while you are in school. Almost all states bars require that you apply for admission before being allowed to sit for the bar exam. Common requirements for admission include:
Graduating from an ABA-accredited law school
Passing the MPRE
Passing the state bar exam
Passing the character and fitness examination
2-7. Pass your state bar exam.
With few exceptions, you will be required to pass the bar exam in your state before being allowed to practice law. The exam is given in February and July of every year. Each state determines the contents of the bar exam, but they tend to include:
The multistate exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices common in every state. Where the states are not the same, the test focuses on the law as it applies in most states. The format is multiple choice.
The state exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices specific to the state you are testing. It frequently includes both a multiple choice and an essay portion.
The practical exam: This part of the exam tests your ability to perform based on the laws, theories, and practices in the state in which you are testing. You may be required to draft a legal document, summarize a course of action, or do other tasks of a legal nature.
3. Getting the Work
3-1. Take part in informational interviews.
During informational interviews, you will have an opportunity to have a conversation with someone in the divorce law field who will hopefully be able to give you information and advice. To conduct an effective informational interview:
Find people to interview. Call, email, or send letters to people in the family law field that interest you. When you do so, tell them a bit about yourself and why you are contacting them. Also, prepare several open-ended questions to ask the person as well. When you talk to them, ask them about a convenient time to meet them in person or to have a conversation over the phone.
Conduct the informational interview. When it is time to conduct the informational interview, dress professionally and be prepared. Tell the person about yourself and why you are conducting the interview. Ask them questions regarding their career path and how you might be able to get started. Show genuine interest and take notes if you need to.
Follow-up. Once the interview is complete, follow up and thank the person for their time. Also, follow-up with any contacts given to you during the informational interview.
3-2. Work out an arrangement to rent office space.
Talk to divorce attorneys in your geographical location and discuss the possibility of renting office space from them. As a part of these discussions, be willing to take the attorney's overflow caseload, be able to make court appearances for them, and pay them a referral fee for cases you get paid for.
These types of arrangements are common and can often be mutually beneficial. While you get a place to work and some initial cases, the other attorney gets to save time by passing on unwanted cases.
3-3. Apply for jobs with child advocacy organizations.
Many groups, often non-profit groups, specialize in providing child advocacy. Individual organizations will tend to focus on different issues that impact children. Often, volunteers are hired before outside applicants are considered. Some of these organizations include:
Organizations who provide legal services, such as guardians ad litem, for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings (abuse, foster care, etc.)
Organizations that provide services for children whose rights have been violated in schools and other required programs
Organizations that provide services for child victims involved in criminal proceedings
3-4. Apply for jobs with state agencies.
Many state agencies provide legal services for children. Consider applying with agencies such as:
The Department of Children’s Services maintains foster care and legal services for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings.
The Office of the Public Defender provides legal defense services for minors involved in the juvenile delinquency system.
While not always child advocacy, attorneys employed by the Board of Education, Departments of Public Health, and other divisions of government also deal with issues that affect children.
3-5. Register with your local court.
Some courts maintain a list of attorneys available to be appointed in cases for various issues. Check with the clerk of court to see if your court maintains such a roster and what the requirements are to be placed on it. Once you are on that list, you will be contacted when the court needs your assistance.
3-6. Become a guardian ad litem.
A guardian ad litem is an attorney appointed by the court to represent the best interests of a child in a lawsuit. A guardian ad litem will investigate facts, participate in negotiations, and take a position in open court. To be eligible to be appointed a guardian ad litem, you must generally:
Complete a certain number of continuing legal education (CLE) credits approved as guardian ad litem credits;
Complete a certain number of CLE credits approved as family law credits; and
Be trained on the dynamics of domestic violence and the effects of that violence on children.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Considering the Field\\n1-1. Talk to child advocate attorneys.\\nOne of the best ways to learn what is expected of a child advocate attorney is to ask one. Though there is no single list of responsibilities of a child advocate attorney, some of their responsibilities include:\\nConducting investigations\\nParticipating in court proceedings\\nMaking recommendations to the court\\nLearning and presenting the child’s wishes to the court\\n1-2. Ask to shadow a child advocate attorney.\\nMuch of what a child advocate attorney does is highly confidential. With the proper permissions, though, you may be able to watch a child advocate attorney as s/he goes about their day. You would likely need the following:\\nPermission of the client/child’s parents\\nTo sign a confidentiality/nondisclosure agreement\\nPotentially a criminal background check\\n1-3. Observe some cases involving minors.\\nIn some jurisdictions, some cases involving minors are closed to the public. These tend to be cases involving dependency and neglect. Sometimes juvenile criminal cases are closed to the public, as well. If you want to observe some cases to see how they are handled, contact a judge who hears juvenile cases. They may allow you to observe some cases and speak with them in chambers about your observations.\\n2. Getting the Education\\n2-1. Obtain your Bachelor’s degree.\\nYou cannot get into an ABA (American Bar Association) accredited law school without obtaining a Bachelor’s degree. Law schools are not concerned with your major, but they do tend to prefer majors that include a lot of writing and reading. The most important thing about your undergraduate degree is to keep your grades up. Law School Admissions is extremely competitive. If you want to advocate for children, however, you may want to focus your major on a subject matter involving children and/or child development. Some programs that may help you in your career include:\\nChild development\\nPsychology\\nSocial work\\nEarly childhood education\\n2-2. Take the LSAT.\\nTo get into law school, you must take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). You will want to take this no later than December of your senior year of undergraduate school. You can take it earlier if you like. Your score is valid for five years, and you want to give yourself ample opportunity for a retake if you have a low score.\\nThe exam is offered four times a year.\\nYou must register with LSAC (Law School Admissions Council) to take the LSAT.\\nThe LSAT is a half-day test in multiple-choice format with an unscored essay at the end of the exam\\nYou can take an LSAT preparation class before. taking the exam\\n2-3. Apply to law schools.\\nTo be a child advocate lawyer, you must be a lawyer. To be a lawyer, you must go to law school. Most states will only allow you to take the bar exam and admit you to practice if you attend an ABA-accredited law school. Some of the things ABA-accredited law schools consider when deciding what students to admit include:\\nUndergraduate GPA\\nScore on the Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT)\\nYour personal history\\n2-4. Attend law school.\\nWhile attending law school, there will be certain required coursework. When selecting your electives, you will want to choose courses that have to do with children. These courses may include juvenile delinquency, dependency and neglect, family law, and domestic violence. In addition, take part in your school's family law clinic. A clinic will help you gain real-world experience dealing with family law issues, which includes issues surrounding child advocacy. Before choosing a law school, check with them to ensure they offer this type of clinic. Some great schools that offer family law clinics include:\\nBoston College;\\nthe University of California, Berkeley School of Law;\\nThe University of Chicago Law School;\\nCornell Law School;\\nEmory University School of Law; and\\nHarvard University Law School.\\n2-5. Take the MPRE.\\nMost states require all prospective attorneys to take and pass the MPRE (Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination). Most people take it in their second year of law school, but you can take it at any time before being admitted to the bar.\\nThe MPRE is a two-hour multiple-choice exam covering ethics and professional responsibility\\nThe MPRE is given three times per year, and you must register with NCBE (National Conference of Bar Examiners) to take the exam\\nMany bar exam preparation courses offer free programs to study for the MPRE\\nSome states require that you also take a professional responsibility course before admission to the bar.\\n2-6. Apply for admission to your state bar.\\nEvery state has its requirements for admission to the bar (getting your license to practice law). Some states encourage early applications by providing a discounted fee to students who apply in their first year of law school. This allows the bar examiners to conduct a thorough background check (character and fitness examination) while you are in school. Almost all states bars require that you apply for admission before being allowed to sit for the bar exam. Common requirements for admission include:\\nGraduating from an ABA-accredited law school\\nPassing the MPRE\\nPassing the state bar exam\\nPassing the character and fitness examination\\n2-7. Pass your state bar exam.\\nWith few exceptions, you will be required to pass the bar exam in your state before being allowed to practice law. The exam is given in February and July of every year. Each state determines the contents of the bar exam, but they tend to include:\\nThe multistate exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices common in every state. Where the states are not the same, the test focuses on the law as it applies in most states. The format is multiple choice.\\nThe state exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices specific to the state you are testing. It frequently includes both a multiple choice and an essay portion.\\nThe practical exam: This part of the exam tests your ability to perform based on the laws, theories, and practices in the state in which you are testing. You may be required to draft a legal document, summarize a course of action, or do other tasks of a legal nature.\\n3. Getting the Work\\n3-1. Take part in informational interviews.\\nDuring informational interviews, you will have an opportunity to have a conversation with someone in the divorce law field who will hopefully be able to give you information and advice. To conduct an effective informational interview:\\nFind people to interview. Call, email, or send letters to people in the family law field that interest you. When you do so, tell them a bit about yourself and why you are contacting them. Also, prepare several open-ended questions to ask the person as well. When you talk to them, ask them about a convenient time to meet them in person or to have a conversation over the phone.\\nConduct the informational interview. When it is time to conduct the informational interview, dress professionally and be prepared. Tell the person about yourself and why you are conducting the interview. Ask them questions regarding their career path and how you might be able to get started. Show genuine interest and take notes if you need to.\\nFollow-up. Once the interview is complete, follow up and thank the person for their time. Also, follow-up with any contacts given to you during the informational interview.\\n3-2. Work out an arrangement to rent office space.\\nTalk to divorce attorneys in your geographical location and discuss the possibility of renting office space from them. As a part of these discussions, be willing to take the attorney's overflow caseload, be able to make court appearances for them, and pay them a referral fee for cases you get paid for.\\nThese types of arrangements are common and can often be mutually beneficial. While you get a place to work and some initial cases, the other attorney gets to save time by passing on unwanted cases.\\n3-3. Apply for jobs with child advocacy organizations.\\nMany groups, often non-profit groups, specialize in providing child advocacy. Individual organizations will tend to focus on different issues that impact children. Often, volunteers are hired before outside applicants are considered. Some of these organizations include:\\nOrganizations who provide legal services, such as guardians ad litem, for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings (abuse, foster care, etc.)\\nOrganizations that provide services for children whose rights have been violated in schools and other required programs\\nOrganizations that provide services for child victims involved in criminal proceedings\\n3-4. Apply for jobs with state agencies.\\nMany state agencies provide legal services for children. Consider applying with agencies such as:\\nThe Department of Children’s Services maintains foster care and legal services for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings.\\nThe Office of the Public Defender provides legal defense services for minors involved in the juvenile delinquency system.\\nWhile not always child advocacy, attorneys employed by the Board of Education, Departments of Public Health, and other divisions of government also deal with issues that affect children.\\n3-5. Register with your local court.\\nSome courts maintain a list of attorneys available to be appointed in cases for various issues. Check with the clerk of court to see if your court maintains such a roster and what the requirements are to be placed on it. Once you are on that list, you will be contacted when the court needs your assistance.\\n3-6. Become a guardian ad litem.\\nA guardian ad litem is an attorney appointed by the court to represent the best interests of a child in a lawsuit. A guardian ad litem will investigate facts, participate in negotiations, and take a position in open court. To be eligible to be appointed a guardian ad litem, you must generally:\\nComplete a certain number of continuing legal education (CLE) credits approved as guardian ad litem credits;\\nComplete a certain number of CLE credits approved as family law credits; and\\nBe trained on the dynamics of domestic violence and the effects of that violence on children.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a child advocate lawyer can be both challenging and rewarding. It is a high-stress career, and you will likely be exposed to some bad experiences. Helping a child navigate these problematic aspects of life can be well worth the stress, though. Below are some things to do if you are considering becoming a child advocate lawyer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Considering the Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to child advocate attorneys.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to learn what is expected of a child advocate attorney is to ask one. Though there is no single list of responsibilities of a child advocate attorney, some of their responsibilities include:\\nConducting investigations\\nParticipating in court proceedings\\nMaking recommendations to the court\\nLearning and presenting the child’s wishes to the court\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask to shadow a child advocate attorney.\", \"描述\": \"Much of what a child advocate attorney does is highly confidential. With the proper permissions, though, you may be able to watch a child advocate attorney as s/he goes about their day. You would likely need the following:\\nPermission of the client/child’s parents\\nTo sign a confidentiality/nondisclosure agreement\\nPotentially a criminal background check\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Observe some cases involving minors.\", \"描述\": \"In some jurisdictions, some cases involving minors are closed to the public. These tend to be cases involving dependency and neglect. Sometimes juvenile criminal cases are closed to the public, as well. If you want to observe some cases to see how they are handled, contact a judge who hears juvenile cases. They may allow you to observe some cases and speak with them in chambers about your observations.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain your Bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"You cannot get into an ABA (American Bar Association) accredited law school without obtaining a Bachelor’s degree. Law schools are not concerned with your major, but they do tend to prefer majors that include a lot of writing and reading. The most important thing about your undergraduate degree is to keep your grades up. Law School Admissions is extremely competitive. If you want to advocate for children, however, you may want to focus your major on a subject matter involving children and/or child development. Some programs that may help you in your career include:\\nChild development\\nPsychology\\nSocial work\\nEarly childhood education\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the LSAT.\", \"描述\": \"To get into law school, you must take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). You will want to take this no later than December of your senior year of undergraduate school. You can take it earlier if you like. Your score is valid for five years, and you want to give yourself ample opportunity for a retake if you have a low score.\\nThe exam is offered four times a year.\\nYou must register with LSAC (Law School Admissions Council) to take the LSAT.\\nThe LSAT is a half-day test in multiple-choice format with an unscored essay at the end of the exam\\nYou can take an LSAT preparation class before. taking the exam\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply to law schools.\", \"描述\": \"To be a child advocate lawyer, you must be a lawyer. To be a lawyer, you must go to law school. Most states will only allow you to take the bar exam and admit you to practice if you attend an ABA-accredited law school. Some of the things ABA-accredited law schools consider when deciding what students to admit include:\\nUndergraduate GPA\\nScore on the Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT)\\nYour personal history\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend law school.\", \"描述\": \"While attending law school, there will be certain required coursework. When selecting your electives, you will want to choose courses that have to do with children. These courses may include juvenile delinquency, dependency and neglect, family law, and domestic violence. In addition, take part in your school's family law clinic. A clinic will help you gain real-world experience dealing with family law issues, which includes issues surrounding child advocacy. Before choosing a law school, check with them to ensure they offer this type of clinic. Some great schools that offer family law clinics include:\\nBoston College;\\nthe University of California, Berkeley School of Law;\\nThe University of Chicago Law School;\\nCornell Law School;\\nEmory University School of Law; and\\nHarvard University Law School.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the MPRE.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require all prospective attorneys to take and pass the MPRE (Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination). Most people take it in their second year of law school, but you can take it at any time before being admitted to the bar.\\nThe MPRE is a two-hour multiple-choice exam covering ethics and professional responsibility\\nThe MPRE is given three times per year, and you must register with NCBE (National Conference of Bar Examiners) to take the exam\\nMany bar exam preparation courses offer free programs to study for the MPRE\\nSome states require that you also take a professional responsibility course before admission to the bar.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply for admission to your state bar.\", \"描述\": \"Every state has its requirements for admission to the bar (getting your license to practice law). Some states encourage early applications by providing a discounted fee to students who apply in their first year of law school. This allows the bar examiners to conduct a thorough background check (character and fitness examination) while you are in school. Almost all states bars require that you apply for admission before being allowed to sit for the bar exam. Common requirements for admission include:\\nGraduating from an ABA-accredited law school\\nPassing the MPRE\\nPassing the state bar exam\\nPassing the character and fitness examination\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass your state bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"With few exceptions, you will be required to pass the bar exam in your state before being allowed to practice law. The exam is given in February and July of every year. Each state determines the contents of the bar exam, but they tend to include:\\nThe multistate exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices common in every state. Where the states are not the same, the test focuses on the law as it applies in most states. The format is multiple choice.\\nThe state exam: This part of the exam tests laws, theories, and practices specific to the state you are testing. It frequently includes both a multiple choice and an essay portion.\\nThe practical exam: This part of the exam tests your ability to perform based on the laws, theories, and practices in the state in which you are testing. You may be required to draft a legal document, summarize a course of action, or do other tasks of a legal nature.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting the Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take part in informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"During informational interviews, you will have an opportunity to have a conversation with someone in the divorce law field who will hopefully be able to give you information and advice. To conduct an effective informational interview:\\nFind people to interview. Call, email, or send letters to people in the family law field that interest you. When you do so, tell them a bit about yourself and why you are contacting them. Also, prepare several open-ended questions to ask the person as well. When you talk to them, ask them about a convenient time to meet them in person or to have a conversation over the phone.\\nConduct the informational interview. When it is time to conduct the informational interview, dress professionally and be prepared. Tell the person about yourself and why you are conducting the interview. Ask them questions regarding their career path and how you might be able to get started. Show genuine interest and take notes if you need to.\\nFollow-up. Once the interview is complete, follow up and thank the person for their time. Also, follow-up with any contacts given to you during the informational interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work out an arrangement to rent office space.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to divorce attorneys in your geographical location and discuss the possibility of renting office space from them. As a part of these discussions, be willing to take the attorney's overflow caseload, be able to make court appearances for them, and pay them a referral fee for cases you get paid for.\\nThese types of arrangements are common and can often be mutually beneficial. While you get a place to work and some initial cases, the other attorney gets to save time by passing on unwanted cases.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs with child advocacy organizations.\", \"描述\": \"Many groups, often non-profit groups, specialize in providing child advocacy. Individual organizations will tend to focus on different issues that impact children. Often, volunteers are hired before outside applicants are considered. Some of these organizations include:\\nOrganizations who provide legal services, such as guardians ad litem, for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings (abuse, foster care, etc.)\\nOrganizations that provide services for children whose rights have been violated in schools and other required programs\\nOrganizations that provide services for child victims involved in criminal proceedings\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs with state agencies.\", \"描述\": \"Many state agencies provide legal services for children. Consider applying with agencies such as:\\nThe Department of Children’s Services maintains foster care and legal services for children involved in dependency and neglect proceedings.\\nThe Office of the Public Defender provides legal defense services for minors involved in the juvenile delinquency system.\\nWhile not always child advocacy, attorneys employed by the Board of Education, Departments of Public Health, and other divisions of government also deal with issues that affect children.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Register with your local court.\", \"描述\": \"Some courts maintain a list of attorneys available to be appointed in cases for various issues. Check with the clerk of court to see if your court maintains such a roster and what the requirements are to be placed on it. Once you are on that list, you will be contacted when the court needs your assistance.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Become a guardian ad litem.\", \"描述\": \"A guardian ad litem is an attorney appointed by the court to represent the best interests of a child in a lawsuit. A guardian ad litem will investigate facts, participate in negotiations, and take a position in open court. To be eligible to be appointed a guardian ad litem, you must generally:\\nComplete a certain number of continuing legal education (CLE) credits approved as guardian ad litem credits;\\nComplete a certain number of CLE credits approved as family law credits; and\\nBe trained on the dynamics of domestic violence and the effects of that violence on children.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,266 |
How to Become a Child Life Specialist
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1. Working on Your Education
1-1. Earn a bachelor's degree in child life.
To be certified, a bachelor's degree in any field will do. However, a bachelor's degree in child life or similar field is a better option. Similar fields include psychology, child development, child and family studies, and early childhood education.
Pick a school endorsed by the ACLP to fulfill the certification requirements.
1-2. Complete the required coursework to be eligible for certification.
If you don't graduate from an ACLP-endorsed program in child life, you can still become certified. You just need to complete 10 specific undergraduate classes to fulfill the same requirement, though you still need a bachelor's degree in another field.
Take 1 child life course taught by a child life specialist, 2 child development courses that cover birth to 18-years-old, 1 family systems course, 1 play course, 1 loss/bereavement or death/dying course, 1 research course, and 3 more courses in the child life field or a related field.
The ACLP recommends that you focus on ethics, medical terminology, and anatomy/physiology, but these classes are not required. They can count as your 3 extra classes.
1-3. Volunteer or complete a practicum.
Some programs may require you to have a practicum, which will help you gain valuable experience. Even if yours doesn't, consider volunteering in a related area to gain valuable experience. For instance, you could volunteer to help at a children's hospital or in the pediatric unit of a hospital. Any position in the medical field that gives you experience working with children will be beneficial.
You might also volunteer at a camp for kids with particular medical needs.
Ask your professors to recommend places to volunteer. You may even be able to find a paid entry-level position.
1-4. Get a master's degree to improve your chances of getting a job.
A master's degree in child life is not required to be certified, at least prior to 2022. However, the certification will require a master's degree after 2022. While you can be grandfathered in before that year, a master's degree will make you more competitive in the field.
1-5. Become a member of the ACLP to gain access to more jobs.
While you don't need to be a member to be a child life specialist, this organization is the agency you will be certified with. Membership comes with benefits, such as access to a search portal for internships, job listings, and more. Plus, you get discounts on things like tests and certification maintenance fees if you're a member.
A student membership is $72 USD per year as of 2018, while a professional membership is $125 USD per year as of 2018. The main difference is students do not have voting privileges.
2. Completing Your Internship
2-1. Find internships you can apply for by researching hospitals.
Check out the hospitals and programs in your area that employ child life specialists, and narrow them by the types of programs you'd like to work in. Look at size, specialties, or areas of research to decide if each program is a good fit for you. Establish at least 10 to 15 places you'd like to apply to.
Location is also important. You must be willing to move to the area if a program you apply to is not nearby.
You can search for internships at community.childlife.org/p/cm/ld/fid=37. This tool allows you to narrow down your search by specific criteria. However, you must be a member of ACLP to do so.
2-2. Check each program's application requirements to see if you meet them.
Some programs require practicum experience, while others do not. Many have GPA requirements. It's important to establish that you meet all of the program's requirements before spending the time to apply.
Some internships may require you to still be in school or to be affiliated with a specific university, for instance.
Many schools will accept the ACLP Common Child Life Internship Application, which makes it easier on you, but others do not.
2-3. Build a strong resume
Often, the application will require a resume. Include any relevant experience you've had in the field, as well as anything else that helps you stand out, such as academic awards or volunteer work you've done.
If you're not sure how to build a resume, see if your campus has a writing center with tutors who will help you build one.
Keep your resume organized, clean, and short. Proofread it multiple times to make sure it's free of typos and grammatical errors.
2-4. Find professors and bosses who are willing to write references for you.
Most professionals know that writing references is part of the job, but you must ask well in advance of the deadline, at least a month ahead of time. Pick people who have praised your work in the past and who you have a repertoire with.
Provide the person with all the information they need, including your resume and an envelope addressed to where they need to send the letter or the email address. Let them know the program you are applying to, as well as the person they should address the letter to.
Make sure they know the deadline. Politely inquire 2 weeks later to see how they are progressing.
Ask them to include specific skills you exemplify.
Don't forget to send a thank-you card once your letter has been sent.
2-5. Apply using the Common Child Life Internship Application.
Many programs accept this application, which you can find at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/common-child-life-internship-application.pdf?sfvrsn=18. Fill in biographical information, academic information, and relevant experience. You'll also need to fill in 4 essay questions of 200 words each, if applicable.
If you're still completing your coursework, have your CCLS instructor fill in the form for the Confirmation of Child Life Course In-Progress. They will also need to fill in a similar form if you're still completing or finished with a practicum.
Check the ACLP's website for internship deadlines, as most programs follow their schedule. You can find deadlines at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.
2-6. Ace the interview by preparing ahead of time.
Use the ACLP's interview guide to prepare. It has sample questions you may be asked in an internship interview. Have someone ask you the question in a practice interview to see how you do. Practicing ahead of time can help calm your nerves.
You can find the ACLP's guide at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/sample-interview-questions-for-internship-students.pdf?sfvrsn=4.
Smile, be confident, and hold your head up high! Confidence goes a long way in an interview.
Remember to dress professionally, and show up on time with a resume in hand.
Be ready to talk about why you want to enter this profession and what makes you unique.
2-7. Accept or decline offers by the acceptance date.
The ACLP lays out a schedule, which includes an initial offer date. Programs send out offers to their first choices by this date. You must accept or decline by the acceptance date, which is the day after.
Stay calm if you haven't received an offer by the initial offer date. After the first round comes the second offer date, where programs send out offers to their second choices.
Find all the dates you need at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.
2-8. Ensure your supervisor meets the qualifications.
Your supervisor must have the child life specialist certification and have already completed 4,000 hours of paid clinical experience in the field. They must be willing to take you on as their intern, guiding you through your education in your clinical internship.
2-9. Complete the 600 hours for your internship.
After you gain an internship, begin accruing hours. Enter hours on the ACLP's online verification system as you gain them.
You can also use the Clinical Experience Verification Form, found on the ACLP's website.
3. Taking the Exam
3-1. Complete an Eligibility Assessment to qualify for the exam.
This assessment verifies you have the right to take the exam. Find the online application at https://www.childlife.org/certification/students/review-my-courses. Log on, and enter your name and coursework to begin the assessment. Next, enter information about your internship, including your supervisor's name.
Send in supporting documents, including transcripts from your university or universities. Clinical hours should be verified through the online verification process or the Clinical Experience Verification Form.
Transcripts can be emailed by your institution to [email protected] or mailed to the following address:Life Professionals1820 Ft. Myer Dr.Suite 520 Arlington, VA 22209.
If you haven't registered, do so by entering a username and password.
Pay the $75 USD application fee.
3-2. Wait for your eligibility notification.
The ACLP will send you an email notifying you whether you are eligible or not to sit the exam. If you are eligible, they will provide you with instructions on how to register for the exam.
If you are denied eligibility, you can send a letter to the Certifying Committee appealing the decision. You must state your reason for appealing in the letter.
3-3. Register for the exam online in the required window.
To register, go to the Event/Webinar section on the ACLP website. Schedule the exam within the required window stated in your eligibility acceptance letter. Register early as the schedule can fill up.
Keep in mind that they only give the test approximately 6 weeks out of the year in 3 2-week windows. You will be scheduled for one of these windows. You must register at least 5 days ahead of time.
Pay the examination fee. The fee is $300 USD for ACLP or $450 USD for non-ACLP members as of 2018.
Tests are given at IQT testing centers, which are located throughout the United States and the world. You can find your closest location at http://www.isoqualitytesting.com/locations.aspx.
3-4. Prepare for the exam by using the ACLP study guide.
The ACLP does put out a study guide, but you must purchase it from the website. You can find free resources online provided by other students who are studying. The best preparation is to focus on the areas covered in the test and review your notes and textbooks from your classes. You can also find other resources to review at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20.
The exam is divided into professional responsibility, assessment, and intervention. It consists of 150 multiple choice questions. Find a more detailed breakdown of sections at https://www.childlife.org/certification/the-exam/2019-exam-content-outline.
You can take a practice test at an IQT testing center for $35 USD. Register for one at https://www.iqttesting.com.
3-5. Take the exam by keeping your scheduled appointment.
Arrive on time; if you arrive more than 20 minutes late, you won't be allowed to take the exam. You will have 4 hours to complete it, and you will take it on a computer.
Bring your admission document and a government-issued photo ID. You are allowed to bring earplugs but not headphones.
You may cancel the exam for a refund if you have an emergency or there's severe inclement weather.
3-6. Wait for your final score from the ACLP.
You will receive your score at the end of the test. However, your official score won't be posted for a few days. You can find it on your ACLP account.
It is not likely the score will change, but the ACLP does perform a statistical analysis of all scores just in case.
If you pass, you will just receive a "pass." If you fail, you'll be given your numerical score.
3-7. Take the exam again if you don't pass.
As long as you still meet the eligibility requirements, you can take the exam as many times as you wish. You do not need to pay the assessment fee again unless your eligibility changes and you need a new assessment. However, you must pay the exam fee each time.
4. Using Your Child Life Specialist Certification
4-1. Add "CCLS" to the end of your name.
After passing the certification exam, you are officially a professional child life specialist. Therefore, you can add these letters after your name as a sign of your certification.
Update your resume to reflect your new certification and experience.
4-2. Pay the fees to maintain your certification.
Each certification is good for 5 years. For the first 4 years of that certification, you must pay a maintenance fee to ACLP each year to maintain your certification.
As of 2018, the maintenance fees are $45 USD per year for members and $65 USD per year for non-members, as long as you pay in January. After that, a late fee is added. You must pay by April 1 to maintain your certification.
Pay online at https://online.childlife.org/clcssa/ssaauthmenu.show_top_menu. For a check, include your certification number in the memo and mail it to the following address:Certification MaintenanceAssociation of Child Life Professionals1820 N Fort Myer Drive Suite 520Arlington, VA 22209.
4-3. Apply for the position of your choice.
At this point, you are a certified professional, free to apply for any position that requires this certification. Search for positions with this certification in your area. You can even apply where you had your internship, as they are already familiar with your abilities.
The ALCP has job listings on their website, but you must be a member to search them.
4-4. Keep your certification by being professional.
This certification can be revoked by the ACLP if they decide you have engaged in inappropriate behavior. For instance, they may revoke it if they find out you falsified certification materials.
They may also revoke it if you violate the Code of Ethical responsibility, found at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20,
Cheating on the exam or disclosing questions from the exam is also grounds for your certification being revoked.
If you are a convicted of a felony, particularly one relating to your profession, your certification may also be revoked.
4-5. Re-certify every 5 years.
Even though you passed the child life specialist exam, you must show you are staying current by re-certifying. You can either take continuing education courses, known as Professional Development Units, or retake the exam.
Warnings
Depending on your place of employment, you may be required to work evenings or weekends.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Working on Your Education\\n1-1. Earn a bachelor's degree in child life.\\nTo be certified, a bachelor's degree in any field will do. However, a bachelor's degree in child life or similar field is a better option. Similar fields include psychology, child development, child and family studies, and early childhood education.\\nPick a school endorsed by the ACLP to fulfill the certification requirements.\\n1-2. Complete the required coursework to be eligible for certification.\\nIf you don't graduate from an ACLP-endorsed program in child life, you can still become certified. You just need to complete 10 specific undergraduate classes to fulfill the same requirement, though you still need a bachelor's degree in another field.\\nTake 1 child life course taught by a child life specialist, 2 child development courses that cover birth to 18-years-old, 1 family systems course, 1 play course, 1 loss/bereavement or death/dying course, 1 research course, and 3 more courses in the child life field or a related field.\\nThe ACLP recommends that you focus on ethics, medical terminology, and anatomy/physiology, but these classes are not required. They can count as your 3 extra classes.\\n1-3. Volunteer or complete a practicum.\\nSome programs may require you to have a practicum, which will help you gain valuable experience. Even if yours doesn't, consider volunteering in a related area to gain valuable experience. For instance, you could volunteer to help at a children's hospital or in the pediatric unit of a hospital. Any position in the medical field that gives you experience working with children will be beneficial.\\nYou might also volunteer at a camp for kids with particular medical needs.\\nAsk your professors to recommend places to volunteer. You may even be able to find a paid entry-level position.\\n1-4. Get a master's degree to improve your chances of getting a job.\\nA master's degree in child life is not required to be certified, at least prior to 2022. However, the certification will require a master's degree after 2022. While you can be grandfathered in before that year, a master's degree will make you more competitive in the field.\\n1-5. Become a member of the ACLP to gain access to more jobs.\\nWhile you don't need to be a member to be a child life specialist, this organization is the agency you will be certified with. Membership comes with benefits, such as access to a search portal for internships, job listings, and more. Plus, you get discounts on things like tests and certification maintenance fees if you're a member.\\nA student membership is $72 USD per year as of 2018, while a professional membership is $125 USD per year as of 2018. The main difference is students do not have voting privileges.\\n2. Completing Your Internship\\n2-1. Find internships you can apply for by researching hospitals.\\nCheck out the hospitals and programs in your area that employ child life specialists, and narrow them by the types of programs you'd like to work in. Look at size, specialties, or areas of research to decide if each program is a good fit for you. Establish at least 10 to 15 places you'd like to apply to.\\nLocation is also important. You must be willing to move to the area if a program you apply to is not nearby.\\nYou can search for internships at community.childlife.org/p/cm/ld/fid=37. This tool allows you to narrow down your search by specific criteria. However, you must be a member of ACLP to do so.\\n2-2. Check each program's application requirements to see if you meet them.\\nSome programs require practicum experience, while others do not. Many have GPA requirements. It's important to establish that you meet all of the program's requirements before spending the time to apply.\\nSome internships may require you to still be in school or to be affiliated with a specific university, for instance.\\nMany schools will accept the ACLP Common Child Life Internship Application, which makes it easier on you, but others do not.\\n2-3. Build a strong resume\\nOften, the application will require a resume. Include any relevant experience you've had in the field, as well as anything else that helps you stand out, such as academic awards or volunteer work you've done.\\nIf you're not sure how to build a resume, see if your campus has a writing center with tutors who will help you build one.\\nKeep your resume organized, clean, and short. Proofread it multiple times to make sure it's free of typos and grammatical errors.\\n2-4. Find professors and bosses who are willing to write references for you.\\nMost professionals know that writing references is part of the job, but you must ask well in advance of the deadline, at least a month ahead of time. Pick people who have praised your work in the past and who you have a repertoire with.\\nProvide the person with all the information they need, including your resume and an envelope addressed to where they need to send the letter or the email address. Let them know the program you are applying to, as well as the person they should address the letter to.\\nMake sure they know the deadline. Politely inquire 2 weeks later to see how they are progressing.\\nAsk them to include specific skills you exemplify.\\nDon't forget to send a thank-you card once your letter has been sent.\\n2-5. Apply using the Common Child Life Internship Application.\\nMany programs accept this application, which you can find at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/common-child-life-internship-application.pdf?sfvrsn=18. Fill in biographical information, academic information, and relevant experience. You'll also need to fill in 4 essay questions of 200 words each, if applicable.\\nIf you're still completing your coursework, have your CCLS instructor fill in the form for the Confirmation of Child Life Course In-Progress. They will also need to fill in a similar form if you're still completing or finished with a practicum.\\nCheck the ACLP's website for internship deadlines, as most programs follow their schedule. You can find deadlines at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.\\n2-6. Ace the interview by preparing ahead of time.\\nUse the ACLP's interview guide to prepare. It has sample questions you may be asked in an internship interview. Have someone ask you the question in a practice interview to see how you do. Practicing ahead of time can help calm your nerves.\\nYou can find the ACLP's guide at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/sample-interview-questions-for-internship-students.pdf?sfvrsn=4.\\nSmile, be confident, and hold your head up high! Confidence goes a long way in an interview.\\nRemember to dress professionally, and show up on time with a resume in hand.\\nBe ready to talk about why you want to enter this profession and what makes you unique.\\n2-7. Accept or decline offers by the acceptance date.\\nThe ACLP lays out a schedule, which includes an initial offer date. Programs send out offers to their first choices by this date. You must accept or decline by the acceptance date, which is the day after.\\nStay calm if you haven't received an offer by the initial offer date. After the first round comes the second offer date, where programs send out offers to their second choices.\\nFind all the dates you need at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.\\n2-8. Ensure your supervisor meets the qualifications.\\nYour supervisor must have the child life specialist certification and have already completed 4,000 hours of paid clinical experience in the field. They must be willing to take you on as their intern, guiding you through your education in your clinical internship.\\n2-9. Complete the 600 hours for your internship.\\nAfter you gain an internship, begin accruing hours. Enter hours on the ACLP's online verification system as you gain them.\\nYou can also use the Clinical Experience Verification Form, found on the ACLP's website.\\n3. Taking the Exam\\n3-1. Complete an Eligibility Assessment to qualify for the exam.\\nThis assessment verifies you have the right to take the exam. Find the online application at https://www.childlife.org/certification/students/review-my-courses. Log on, and enter your name and coursework to begin the assessment. Next, enter information about your internship, including your supervisor's name.\\nSend in supporting documents, including transcripts from your university or universities. Clinical hours should be verified through the online verification process or the Clinical Experience Verification Form.\\nTranscripts can be emailed by your institution to [email protected] or mailed to the following address:Life Professionals1820 Ft. Myer Dr.Suite 520 Arlington, VA 22209.\\nIf you haven't registered, do so by entering a username and password.\\nPay the $75 USD application fee.\\n3-2. Wait for your eligibility notification.\\nThe ACLP will send you an email notifying you whether you are eligible or not to sit the exam. If you are eligible, they will provide you with instructions on how to register for the exam.\\nIf you are denied eligibility, you can send a letter to the Certifying Committee appealing the decision. You must state your reason for appealing in the letter.\\n3-3. Register for the exam online in the required window.\\nTo register, go to the Event/Webinar section on the ACLP website. Schedule the exam within the required window stated in your eligibility acceptance letter. Register early as the schedule can fill up.\\nKeep in mind that they only give the test approximately 6 weeks out of the year in 3 2-week windows. You will be scheduled for one of these windows. You must register at least 5 days ahead of time.\\nPay the examination fee. The fee is $300 USD for ACLP or $450 USD for non-ACLP members as of 2018.\\nTests are given at IQT testing centers, which are located throughout the United States and the world. You can find your closest location at http://www.isoqualitytesting.com/locations.aspx.\\n3-4. Prepare for the exam by using the ACLP study guide.\\nThe ACLP does put out a study guide, but you must purchase it from the website. You can find free resources online provided by other students who are studying. The best preparation is to focus on the areas covered in the test and review your notes and textbooks from your classes. You can also find other resources to review at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20.\\nThe exam is divided into professional responsibility, assessment, and intervention. It consists of 150 multiple choice questions. Find a more detailed breakdown of sections at https://www.childlife.org/certification/the-exam/2019-exam-content-outline.\\nYou can take a practice test at an IQT testing center for $35 USD. Register for one at https://www.iqttesting.com.\\n3-5. Take the exam by keeping your scheduled appointment.\\nArrive on time; if you arrive more than 20 minutes late, you won't be allowed to take the exam. You will have 4 hours to complete it, and you will take it on a computer.\\nBring your admission document and a government-issued photo ID. You are allowed to bring earplugs but not headphones.\\nYou may cancel the exam for a refund if you have an emergency or there's severe inclement weather.\\n3-6. Wait for your final score from the ACLP.\\nYou will receive your score at the end of the test. However, your official score won't be posted for a few days. You can find it on your ACLP account.\\nIt is not likely the score will change, but the ACLP does perform a statistical analysis of all scores just in case.\\nIf you pass, you will just receive a \\\"pass.\\\" If you fail, you'll be given your numerical score.\\n3-7. Take the exam again if you don't pass.\\nAs long as you still meet the eligibility requirements, you can take the exam as many times as you wish. You do not need to pay the assessment fee again unless your eligibility changes and you need a new assessment. However, you must pay the exam fee each time.\\n4. Using Your Child Life Specialist Certification\\n4-1. Add \\\"CCLS\\\" to the end of your name.\\nAfter passing the certification exam, you are officially a professional child life specialist. Therefore, you can add these letters after your name as a sign of your certification.\\nUpdate your resume to reflect your new certification and experience.\\n4-2. Pay the fees to maintain your certification.\\nEach certification is good for 5 years. For the first 4 years of that certification, you must pay a maintenance fee to ACLP each year to maintain your certification.\\nAs of 2018, the maintenance fees are $45 USD per year for members and $65 USD per year for non-members, as long as you pay in January. After that, a late fee is added. You must pay by April 1 to maintain your certification.\\nPay online at https://online.childlife.org/clcssa/ssaauthmenu.show_top_menu. For a check, include your certification number in the memo and mail it to the following address:Certification MaintenanceAssociation of Child Life Professionals1820 N Fort Myer Drive Suite 520Arlington, VA 22209.\\n4-3. Apply for the position of your choice.\\nAt this point, you are a certified professional, free to apply for any position that requires this certification. Search for positions with this certification in your area. You can even apply where you had your internship, as they are already familiar with your abilities.\\nThe ALCP has job listings on their website, but you must be a member to search them.\\n4-4. Keep your certification by being professional.\\nThis certification can be revoked by the ACLP if they decide you have engaged in inappropriate behavior. For instance, they may revoke it if they find out you falsified certification materials.\\nThey may also revoke it if you violate the Code of Ethical responsibility, found at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20,\\nCheating on the exam or disclosing questions from the exam is also grounds for your certification being revoked.\\nIf you are a convicted of a felony, particularly one relating to your profession, your certification may also be revoked.\\n4-5. Re-certify every 5 years.\\nEven though you passed the child life specialist exam, you must show you are staying current by re-certifying. You can either take continuing education courses, known as Professional Development Units, or retake the exam.\\nWarnings\\nDepending on your place of employment, you may be required to work evenings or weekends.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Working as a child life specialist can be very rewarding. As a child life specialist, you'll work with children and their families, helping them to navigate through the healthcare system and tackle the obstacles they face related to illness and disability. You can work at hospitals, but you can also find positions at outpatient centers such as dental offices, hospices, clinics, and even camps for children with special health needs. To become a child life specialist, complete a degree, ideally in child life. Then, you must complete 600 clinical hours at an internship, after which you are eligible to take the certification exam through the Association of Child Life Professionals.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Working on Your Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor's degree in child life.\", \"描述\": \"To be certified, a bachelor's degree in any field will do. However, a bachelor's degree in child life or similar field is a better option. Similar fields include psychology, child development, child and family studies, and early childhood education.\\nPick a school endorsed by the ACLP to fulfill the certification requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete the required coursework to be eligible for certification.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't graduate from an ACLP-endorsed program in child life, you can still become certified. You just need to complete 10 specific undergraduate classes to fulfill the same requirement, though you still need a bachelor's degree in another field.\\nTake 1 child life course taught by a child life specialist, 2 child development courses that cover birth to 18-years-old, 1 family systems course, 1 play course, 1 loss/bereavement or death/dying course, 1 research course, and 3 more courses in the child life field or a related field.\\nThe ACLP recommends that you focus on ethics, medical terminology, and anatomy/physiology, but these classes are not required. They can count as your 3 extra classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Volunteer or complete a practicum.\", \"描述\": \"Some programs may require you to have a practicum, which will help you gain valuable experience. Even if yours doesn't, consider volunteering in a related area to gain valuable experience. For instance, you could volunteer to help at a children's hospital or in the pediatric unit of a hospital. Any position in the medical field that gives you experience working with children will be beneficial.\\nYou might also volunteer at a camp for kids with particular medical needs.\\nAsk your professors to recommend places to volunteer. You may even be able to find a paid entry-level position.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a master's degree to improve your chances of getting a job.\", \"描述\": \"A master's degree in child life is not required to be certified, at least prior to 2022. However, the certification will require a master's degree after 2022. While you can be grandfathered in before that year, a master's degree will make you more competitive in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become a member of the ACLP to gain access to more jobs.\", \"描述\": \"While you don't need to be a member to be a child life specialist, this organization is the agency you will be certified with. Membership comes with benefits, such as access to a search portal for internships, job listings, and more. Plus, you get discounts on things like tests and certification maintenance fees if you're a member.\\nA student membership is $72 USD per year as of 2018, while a professional membership is $125 USD per year as of 2018. The main difference is students do not have voting privileges.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Internship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find internships you can apply for by researching hospitals.\", \"描述\": \"Check out the hospitals and programs in your area that employ child life specialists, and narrow them by the types of programs you'd like to work in. Look at size, specialties, or areas of research to decide if each program is a good fit for you. Establish at least 10 to 15 places you'd like to apply to.\\nLocation is also important. You must be willing to move to the area if a program you apply to is not nearby.\\nYou can search for internships at community.childlife.org/p/cm/ld/fid=37. This tool allows you to narrow down your search by specific criteria. However, you must be a member of ACLP to do so.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check each program's application requirements to see if you meet them.\", \"描述\": \"Some programs require practicum experience, while others do not. Many have GPA requirements. It's important to establish that you meet all of the program's requirements before spending the time to apply.\\nSome internships may require you to still be in school or to be affiliated with a specific university, for instance.\\nMany schools will accept the ACLP Common Child Life Internship Application, which makes it easier on you, but others do not.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build a strong resume\", \"描述\": \"Often, the application will require a resume. Include any relevant experience you've had in the field, as well as anything else that helps you stand out, such as academic awards or volunteer work you've done.\\nIf you're not sure how to build a resume, see if your campus has a writing center with tutors who will help you build one.\\nKeep your resume organized, clean, and short. Proofread it multiple times to make sure it's free of typos and grammatical errors.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find professors and bosses who are willing to write references for you.\", \"描述\": \"Most professionals know that writing references is part of the job, but you must ask well in advance of the deadline, at least a month ahead of time. Pick people who have praised your work in the past and who you have a repertoire with.\\nProvide the person with all the information they need, including your resume and an envelope addressed to where they need to send the letter or the email address. Let them know the program you are applying to, as well as the person they should address the letter to.\\nMake sure they know the deadline. Politely inquire 2 weeks later to see how they are progressing.\\nAsk them to include specific skills you exemplify.\\nDon't forget to send a thank-you card once your letter has been sent.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply using the Common Child Life Internship Application.\", \"描述\": \"Many programs accept this application, which you can find at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/common-child-life-internship-application.pdf?sfvrsn=18. Fill in biographical information, academic information, and relevant experience. You'll also need to fill in 4 essay questions of 200 words each, if applicable.\\nIf you're still completing your coursework, have your CCLS instructor fill in the form for the Confirmation of Child Life Course In-Progress. They will also need to fill in a similar form if you're still completing or finished with a practicum.\\nCheck the ACLP's website for internship deadlines, as most programs follow their schedule. You can find deadlines at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Ace the interview by preparing ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"Use the ACLP's interview guide to prepare. It has sample questions you may be asked in an internship interview. Have someone ask you the question in a practice interview to see how you do. Practicing ahead of time can help calm your nerves.\\nYou can find the ACLP's guide at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/internships/sample-interview-questions-for-internship-students.pdf?sfvrsn=4.\\nSmile, be confident, and hold your head up high! Confidence goes a long way in an interview.\\nRemember to dress professionally, and show up on time with a resume in hand.\\nBe ready to talk about why you want to enter this profession and what makes you unique.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Accept or decline offers by the acceptance date.\", \"描述\": \"The ACLP lays out a schedule, which includes an initial offer date. Programs send out offers to their first choices by this date. You must accept or decline by the acceptance date, which is the day after.\\nStay calm if you haven't received an offer by the initial offer date. After the first round comes the second offer date, where programs send out offers to their second choices.\\nFind all the dates you need at https://www.childlife.org/certification/certification-resources/internship-deadlines.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Ensure your supervisor meets the qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"Your supervisor must have the child life specialist certification and have already completed 4,000 hours of paid clinical experience in the field. They must be willing to take you on as their intern, guiding you through your education in your clinical internship.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Complete the 600 hours for your internship.\", \"描述\": \"After you gain an internship, begin accruing hours. Enter hours on the ACLP's online verification system as you gain them.\\nYou can also use the Clinical Experience Verification Form, found on the ACLP's website.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking the Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete an Eligibility Assessment to qualify for the exam.\", \"描述\": \"This assessment verifies you have the right to take the exam. Find the online application at https://www.childlife.org/certification/students/review-my-courses. Log on, and enter your name and coursework to begin the assessment. Next, enter information about your internship, including your supervisor's name.\\nSend in supporting documents, including transcripts from your university or universities. Clinical hours should be verified through the online verification process or the Clinical Experience Verification Form.\\nTranscripts can be emailed by your institution to [email protected] or mailed to the following address:Life Professionals1820 Ft. Myer Dr.Suite 520 Arlington, VA 22209.\\nIf you haven't registered, do so by entering a username and password.\\nPay the $75 USD application fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wait for your eligibility notification.\", \"描述\": \"The ACLP will send you an email notifying you whether you are eligible or not to sit the exam. If you are eligible, they will provide you with instructions on how to register for the exam.\\nIf you are denied eligibility, you can send a letter to the Certifying Committee appealing the decision. You must state your reason for appealing in the letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register for the exam online in the required window.\", \"描述\": \"To register, go to the Event/Webinar section on the ACLP website. Schedule the exam within the required window stated in your eligibility acceptance letter. Register early as the schedule can fill up.\\nKeep in mind that they only give the test approximately 6 weeks out of the year in 3 2-week windows. You will be scheduled for one of these windows. You must register at least 5 days ahead of time.\\nPay the examination fee. The fee is $300 USD for ACLP or $450 USD for non-ACLP members as of 2018.\\nTests are given at IQT testing centers, which are located throughout the United States and the world. You can find your closest location at http://www.isoqualitytesting.com/locations.aspx.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the exam by using the ACLP study guide.\", \"描述\": \"The ACLP does put out a study guide, but you must purchase it from the website. You can find free resources online provided by other students who are studying. The best preparation is to focus on the areas covered in the test and review your notes and textbooks from your classes. You can also find other resources to review at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20.\\nThe exam is divided into professional responsibility, assessment, and intervention. It consists of 150 multiple choice questions. Find a more detailed breakdown of sections at https://www.childlife.org/certification/the-exam/2019-exam-content-outline.\\nYou can take a practice test at an IQT testing center for $35 USD. Register for one at https://www.iqttesting.com.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the exam by keeping your scheduled appointment.\", \"描述\": \"Arrive on time; if you arrive more than 20 minutes late, you won't be allowed to take the exam. You will have 4 hours to complete it, and you will take it on a computer.\\nBring your admission document and a government-issued photo ID. You are allowed to bring earplugs but not headphones.\\nYou may cancel the exam for a refund if you have an emergency or there's severe inclement weather.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wait for your final score from the ACLP.\", \"描述\": \"You will receive your score at the end of the test. However, your official score won't be posted for a few days. You can find it on your ACLP account.\\nIt is not likely the score will change, but the ACLP does perform a statistical analysis of all scores just in case.\\nIf you pass, you will just receive a \\\"pass.\\\" If you fail, you'll be given your numerical score.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the exam again if you don't pass.\", \"描述\": \"As long as you still meet the eligibility requirements, you can take the exam as many times as you wish. You do not need to pay the assessment fee again unless your eligibility changes and you need a new assessment. However, you must pay the exam fee each time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Using Your Child Life Specialist Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add \\\"CCLS\\\" to the end of your name.\", \"描述\": \"After passing the certification exam, you are officially a professional child life specialist. Therefore, you can add these letters after your name as a sign of your certification.\\nUpdate your resume to reflect your new certification and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pay the fees to maintain your certification.\", \"描述\": \"Each certification is good for 5 years. For the first 4 years of that certification, you must pay a maintenance fee to ACLP each year to maintain your certification.\\nAs of 2018, the maintenance fees are $45 USD per year for members and $65 USD per year for non-members, as long as you pay in January. After that, a late fee is added. You must pay by April 1 to maintain your certification.\\nPay online at https://online.childlife.org/clcssa/ssaauthmenu.show_top_menu. For a check, include your certification number in the memo and mail it to the following address:Certification MaintenanceAssociation of Child Life Professionals1820 N Fort Myer Drive Suite 520Arlington, VA 22209.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for the position of your choice.\", \"描述\": \"At this point, you are a certified professional, free to apply for any position that requires this certification. Search for positions with this certification in your area. You can even apply where you had your internship, as they are already familiar with your abilities.\\nThe ALCP has job listings on their website, but you must be a member to search them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep your certification by being professional.\", \"描述\": \"This certification can be revoked by the ACLP if they decide you have engaged in inappropriate behavior. For instance, they may revoke it if they find out you falsified certification materials.\\nThey may also revoke it if you violate the Code of Ethical responsibility, found at https://www.childlife.org/docs/default-source/certification/candidate-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=20,\\nCheating on the exam or disclosing questions from the exam is also grounds for your certification being revoked.\\nIf you are a convicted of a felony, particularly one relating to your profession, your certification may also be revoked.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Re-certify every 5 years.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you passed the child life specialist exam, you must show you are staying current by re-certifying. You can either take continuing education courses, known as Professional Development Units, or retake the exam.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Depending on your place of employment, you may be required to work evenings or weekends.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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How to Get Into Modeling as a Kid
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1. Contacting Modeling Agencies
1-1. Take a few photos.
Unlike teen or adult models, it’s not necessary to have a professional portfolio when you’re trying to become a child model. That’s because kids grow and change so quickly that photographs become outdated in a hurry. Most modeling agencies require only a few photos for submissions. While it always helps to have photos taken by a professional photographer, it’s not necessary. Your parents can take the photos of you -- just make sure the lighting is good and use the best camera available to you for clean, clear shots. Try all different filters and poses, and show many different expressions. It would be best to not wear too much makeup, keep it natural.
Your photos should be in color, and a headshot, a full body shot, and a couple of candids.
Try to look natural in the photos. Don’t wear any silly costumes or hats.
Some agencies may ask for a composite card, which is a card that contains several small photos.
Make sure that your parents write your name and theirs, as well as your age, hair color, eye color, clothing size, and address, on the back of each photo.
Take photos that show off your personality. Don't take shots where you're looking away from the camera.
1-2. Identify reputable agencies in your area.
Because most clients who are looking for child models don’t do the casting themselves, you’ll need to sign with a modeling agency that can identify jobs you’re right for. It’s important to find agencies in your area, though, because you’ll be expected to travel where the shoot is. Ask your parents to help you do an online search for “modeling agencies” and the name of your town or the closest city. Make sure that the ones you find are registered with the Better Business Bureau (BBB), so you know they’re not a scam.
While a modeling agency will take a certain percentage of the earnings that you make for a particular job as their fee, no reputable agency will ever ask for money upfront.
In addition to a BBB rating, check the agency’s website to see their portfolio. You want to know that they’ve worked with impressive clients, whether local or national.
If you don’t live in a major city, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, chances are that you’ll be working with an agency that books jobs with smaller, local businesses.
Search for modeling agencies that represent kids.
1-3. Get advice on agencies from other child models and parents.
Knowing that an agency is well-rated with the BBB is important, but hearing about other models' experiences with the agency can be even more helpful. If you know other child models, ask them how they like working with their agency. Have your parents talk to their parents too, so they can have some of their questions answered.
When you're talking to other child models about their agencies, ask how friendly the agents are and how comfortable they feel with the people from the agency. You should also ask how many jobs they've been able to get through the agency.
1-4. Submit photos.
Once you’ve found some reputable agencies in your area, it’s time to submit your photos. Visit the agencies’ websites to determine what their submission process is. Some agencies will allow you to submit your photos online, while others require you to mail hard copies of the photos. You will probably need to write a letter of interest to go with the photos, so ask your parents to help with that.
If you’re mailing your photos to an agency, you may also need to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope for a reply.
In most cases, you can expect to hear a response from the agencies you’ve submitted to in a month or so. They’ll either send a polite rejection letter or email, or contact your parents to set up a meeting.
2. Getting Jobs
2-1. Be yourself at meetings.
If you’re lucky enough to get a meeting with a modeling agency, it’s obviously important to make a good impression. The agents already like the way that you look based on your photos, but they want to make sure you have a fun, outgoing personality to match. That doesn’t mean you should fake it, though. You won’t be able to keep up an act on all of the castings and photo shoots that you go on, so be yourself and let the agent know who you really are.
If you’re nervous at a meeting, try to pretend that you’re just talking to a friend and not a modeling or casting agent. That may help take some of the pressure off.
Your parents can sit with you for meetings, which may help you feel more comfortable.
It may help to do a practice meeting or interview with an adult other than a family member. Your parents might ask one of their friends to ask you some questions, so you’re more comfortable for your appointment.
2-2. Project confidence.
If you want agents and casting executives to believe in you, you have to let them know that you believe in yourself. At your meetings, try to use your body language to convey how confident you are. Maintain eye contact with the people that you're meeting with, and sit and stand up straight. Avoid fidgeting too.
Another way to ensure that you give off a confident vibe is to go into meetings with a positive attitude. Assume that it's going to go well, and the people you're meeting with will be able to feel that.
2-3. Sign with an agency.
If a modeling agency likes you, they will want you to sign a contract. The contract lays out the terms of your agreement, including what type of fee the agency will take for your assignments. Your parents will ultimately decide whether the contract is in your best interest and sign on your behalf. They may want a lawyer to read over it before they sign to ensure that it’s a good contract.
Most agencies take approximately 20 percent of models’ earnings as their fee.
Unless an agency wants you to sign an exclusive contract, which means you work solely with them, you can sign with multiple agencies. That can increase your chance of getting work.
2-4. Attend go-sees.
When an agency finds modeling jobs that they believe you’re a good fit for, they’ll send you on go-sees, which are meetings with executives from firms that are looking for models. As with your meetings at modeling agencies, the casting agents want to make sure that you don’t just have the right look for the job, but the right personality too. Handle it just as you would a meeting with an agent -- be confident and friendly, but be yourself.
You may have an appointment for a go-see, which means you can be in and out in as little as 15 minutes. However, if there’s a line, you may wind up waiting around for much longer.
Because go-sees are necessary to get jobs, you must attend all the ones that your agent sends you to. Some days, you may have two go-sees, and other times, you may go weeks between go-sees.
In some cases, you may receive a modeling job right after you attend a go-see. But it’s not uncommon to have to wait a couple of weeks to hear back.
2-5. Prepare yourself for rejection.
While modeling can be a lot of fun, there is a part of it that no one likes -- the rejection. Because the field is so competitive, you’re going to be going up against hundreds of other kids who are trying to land a modeling agent or a modeling job. In some cases, you aren’t going to be the best fit for what the agent or client wants. You shouldn’t feel bad about yourself if it takes a while to get a job or if you don’t get a job that you really want. It only means that you aren’t right for that particular job or agency.
In many cases, advertising firms and other clients are looking for very specific types of children. For example, they may want a redhead with freckles. If you don’t have that look, it doesn’t matter how cute or bubbly you are -- you’re not going to get the job. It isn’t a reflection on you.
2-6. Be persistent.
If modeling is really something that you want to do, you will need to maintain your confidence even if you aren't getting as many jobs as you'd like. Having success as a model usually requires persistence, so don't give up even if things aren't working out as quickly as you'd hoped.
You should only continue to pursue modeling if it makes you happy. If the process stops being fun at any point, talk to your parents.
3. Deciding to be a Model
3-1. Make sure you’re really interested in modeling.
Being a model may seem like an exciting and glamorous job, but it actually requires a lot of hard work. It’s important to determine whether you will really enjoy the experience before you give up your free time that could be spent playing with friends to commit to modeling. Ask a friend or family to do a practice photo session with you to see if you have fun posing.
Practice photo sessions won’t just help you decide if you’ll enjoy modeling; they can help you feel more comfortable in front of the camera too.
Make sure that your friend or family member gives you direction on how you should look in each photo because that’s what a professional photographer will do at a modeling photo shoot. For example, your friend might tell you to look calm and thoughtful in one shot and excited in another.
3-2. Decide if you’ve got the right personality.
Even if you believe that you’ll enjoy modeling and posing for the camera, you should also figure out if you have the right temperament for the job. Many kids are shy around strangers when they’re young, but if you’re modeling, you must be confident and outgoing. You can’t be uncomfortable when you’re working with new agents, photographers, executives, and other crew at each photo shoot.
If you’re not sure whether you have the personality for modeling, ask yourself if you really like being the center of attention and are able to be yourself even when you’re around people who you don’t know very well.
It’s also important to be able to take direction from others and to have enough patience to remain still for as long as 15 minutes when you’re a model.
3-3. Talk to your parents.
Once you’re sure that you’ll enjoy modeling and have the personality for it, you should talk to your parents about it. Explain to them why you're interested in modeling. You might tell them that you believe it will allow you to express yourself or that you think it will help you feel more confident. You can even just tell them that you think it will be fun to pose for photos. Just be honest and enthusiastic.
It’s important to understand that allowing you to model requires a big commitment on your parents’ part. They’ll have to take you to casting calls and shoots, and wait around with you while you’re working so they’ll be giving up their time too.
If your parents are actually the ones who bring up the idea of modeling, be sure that it’s something that you really want to do. Don’t let them push you into being a model if you’re not genuinely interested in it.
3-4. Get your parents' permission.
As a child, you’ll need your parents’ permission to become a model so you have to get them to agree. They may have concerns about how modeling will affect other parts of your life, so make sure to tell them that school will still be a priority and you’ll continue to get all of your chores done.
Consider making a deal with your parents that you’re only allowed to model if you get certain grades in school and do your part to help around the house.
Many states require work permits for children under 18 who work as models or in other entertainment fields. When you meet with agencies, they can help you and your parents figure out what documentation you need to work.
3-5. Recognize the commitment required.
Modeling seems like an exciting job, but you should go into the process understanding that it’s not all fun and games. It may take hours to get just a handful of shots done, and you'll need to give maximum effort the entire time. Shoots often have a lot of downtime too, which means you will probably be sitting around a lot as you wait to pose.
Some clients may try to have their photo shoots during the evenings and weekends, but many jobs will be during the weekday. That means you may have to miss school to model, so if you’re already behind in your classes, it may not be the best fit for you.
Other photo shoots may require getting up very early and working before school, so make sure you’re willing to change your schedule to model.
Because of all the waiting around on shoots, you should be sure to bring supplies to keep you busy. You might bring some schoolwork to do or books to read. It’s also a good idea to bring your favorite snacks and drinks.
3-6. Be realistic about your odds of great success.
Modeling is very competitive, so you’re going to go up against many other kids who also want to be models. As a result, finding an agency to work with you and jobs may not be that easy. You can't count on being an instant success or making big money, so you shouldn't go into modeling just for the fame and fortune.
Talk to your parents about the expectations for your modeling career. It's important that everyone is on the same page.
Many models don't get paid a lot. Some get paid as little as ten dollars an hour.
Tips
Practice makes perfect -- have friends and family members take photos of you regularly so being in front of the camera feels natural and comfortable.
You may also want to practice poses in front of the mirror. Go through a range of emotions or moods, such as thoughtful, sick, happy, or excited, so you’re ready for whatever a photographer might ask of you.
If you start to get modeling jobs, ask your parents to help you come up with a calendar to keep track of your schedule. That way, you can be sure that you have enough time for school, homework, chores, friends, and other activities in addition to your modeling.
Warnings
Because your parents will be with you at meetings and shoots, you should never be alone with a modeling agent, casting agent, photographer, or crew member, but if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable, be sure to tell your parents or another adult who you trust.
Never take or stay on a job that makes you feel uncomfortable or unsafe either. If something feels off, immediately tell your parents or another adult who you trust.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Contacting Modeling Agencies\\n1-1. Take a few photos.\\nUnlike teen or adult models, it’s not necessary to have a professional portfolio when you’re trying to become a child model. That’s because kids grow and change so quickly that photographs become outdated in a hurry. Most modeling agencies require only a few photos for submissions. While it always helps to have photos taken by a professional photographer, it’s not necessary. Your parents can take the photos of you -- just make sure the lighting is good and use the best camera available to you for clean, clear shots. Try all different filters and poses, and show many different expressions. It would be best to not wear too much makeup, keep it natural. \\nYour photos should be in color, and a headshot, a full body shot, and a couple of candids.\\nTry to look natural in the photos. Don’t wear any silly costumes or hats.\\nSome agencies may ask for a composite card, which is a card that contains several small photos.\\nMake sure that your parents write your name and theirs, as well as your age, hair color, eye color, clothing size, and address, on the back of each photo.\\nTake photos that show off your personality. Don't take shots where you're looking away from the camera.\\n1-2. Identify reputable agencies in your area.\\nBecause most clients who are looking for child models don’t do the casting themselves, you’ll need to sign with a modeling agency that can identify jobs you’re right for. It’s important to find agencies in your area, though, because you’ll be expected to travel where the shoot is. Ask your parents to help you do an online search for “modeling agencies” and the name of your town or the closest city. Make sure that the ones you find are registered with the Better Business Bureau (BBB), so you know they’re not a scam.\\nWhile a modeling agency will take a certain percentage of the earnings that you make for a particular job as their fee, no reputable agency will ever ask for money upfront.\\nIn addition to a BBB rating, check the agency’s website to see their portfolio. You want to know that they’ve worked with impressive clients, whether local or national.\\nIf you don’t live in a major city, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, chances are that you’ll be working with an agency that books jobs with smaller, local businesses.\\nSearch for modeling agencies that represent kids.\\n1-3. Get advice on agencies from other child models and parents.\\nKnowing that an agency is well-rated with the BBB is important, but hearing about other models' experiences with the agency can be even more helpful. If you know other child models, ask them how they like working with their agency. Have your parents talk to their parents too, so they can have some of their questions answered.\\nWhen you're talking to other child models about their agencies, ask how friendly the agents are and how comfortable they feel with the people from the agency. You should also ask how many jobs they've been able to get through the agency.\\n1-4. Submit photos.\\nOnce you’ve found some reputable agencies in your area, it’s time to submit your photos. Visit the agencies’ websites to determine what their submission process is. Some agencies will allow you to submit your photos online, while others require you to mail hard copies of the photos. You will probably need to write a letter of interest to go with the photos, so ask your parents to help with that.\\nIf you’re mailing your photos to an agency, you may also need to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope for a reply.\\nIn most cases, you can expect to hear a response from the agencies you’ve submitted to in a month or so. They’ll either send a polite rejection letter or email, or contact your parents to set up a meeting.\\n2. Getting Jobs\\n2-1. Be yourself at meetings.\\nIf you’re lucky enough to get a meeting with a modeling agency, it’s obviously important to make a good impression. The agents already like the way that you look based on your photos, but they want to make sure you have a fun, outgoing personality to match. That doesn’t mean you should fake it, though. You won’t be able to keep up an act on all of the castings and photo shoots that you go on, so be yourself and let the agent know who you really are.\\nIf you’re nervous at a meeting, try to pretend that you’re just talking to a friend and not a modeling or casting agent. That may help take some of the pressure off.\\nYour parents can sit with you for meetings, which may help you feel more comfortable.\\nIt may help to do a practice meeting or interview with an adult other than a family member. Your parents might ask one of their friends to ask you some questions, so you’re more comfortable for your appointment.\\n2-2. Project confidence.\\nIf you want agents and casting executives to believe in you, you have to let them know that you believe in yourself. At your meetings, try to use your body language to convey how confident you are. Maintain eye contact with the people that you're meeting with, and sit and stand up straight. Avoid fidgeting too.\\nAnother way to ensure that you give off a confident vibe is to go into meetings with a positive attitude. Assume that it's going to go well, and the people you're meeting with will be able to feel that.\\n2-3. Sign with an agency.\\nIf a modeling agency likes you, they will want you to sign a contract. The contract lays out the terms of your agreement, including what type of fee the agency will take for your assignments. Your parents will ultimately decide whether the contract is in your best interest and sign on your behalf. They may want a lawyer to read over it before they sign to ensure that it’s a good contract.\\nMost agencies take approximately 20 percent of models’ earnings as their fee.\\nUnless an agency wants you to sign an exclusive contract, which means you work solely with them, you can sign with multiple agencies. That can increase your chance of getting work.\\n2-4. Attend go-sees.\\nWhen an agency finds modeling jobs that they believe you’re a good fit for, they’ll send you on go-sees, which are meetings with executives from firms that are looking for models. As with your meetings at modeling agencies, the casting agents want to make sure that you don’t just have the right look for the job, but the right personality too. Handle it just as you would a meeting with an agent -- be confident and friendly, but be yourself.\\nYou may have an appointment for a go-see, which means you can be in and out in as little as 15 minutes. However, if there’s a line, you may wind up waiting around for much longer.\\nBecause go-sees are necessary to get jobs, you must attend all the ones that your agent sends you to. Some days, you may have two go-sees, and other times, you may go weeks between go-sees.\\nIn some cases, you may receive a modeling job right after you attend a go-see. But it’s not uncommon to have to wait a couple of weeks to hear back.\\n2-5. Prepare yourself for rejection.\\nWhile modeling can be a lot of fun, there is a part of it that no one likes -- the rejection. Because the field is so competitive, you’re going to be going up against hundreds of other kids who are trying to land a modeling agent or a modeling job. In some cases, you aren’t going to be the best fit for what the agent or client wants. You shouldn’t feel bad about yourself if it takes a while to get a job or if you don’t get a job that you really want. It only means that you aren’t right for that particular job or agency.\\nIn many cases, advertising firms and other clients are looking for very specific types of children. For example, they may want a redhead with freckles. If you don’t have that look, it doesn’t matter how cute or bubbly you are -- you’re not going to get the job. It isn’t a reflection on you.\\n2-6. Be persistent.\\nIf modeling is really something that you want to do, you will need to maintain your confidence even if you aren't getting as many jobs as you'd like. Having success as a model usually requires persistence, so don't give up even if things aren't working out as quickly as you'd hoped.\\nYou should only continue to pursue modeling if it makes you happy. If the process stops being fun at any point, talk to your parents.\\n3. Deciding to be a Model\\n3-1. Make sure you’re really interested in modeling.\\nBeing a model may seem like an exciting and glamorous job, but it actually requires a lot of hard work. It’s important to determine whether you will really enjoy the experience before you give up your free time that could be spent playing with friends to commit to modeling. Ask a friend or family to do a practice photo session with you to see if you have fun posing.\\nPractice photo sessions won’t just help you decide if you’ll enjoy modeling; they can help you feel more comfortable in front of the camera too.\\nMake sure that your friend or family member gives you direction on how you should look in each photo because that’s what a professional photographer will do at a modeling photo shoot. For example, your friend might tell you to look calm and thoughtful in one shot and excited in another.\\n3-2. Decide if you’ve got the right personality.\\nEven if you believe that you’ll enjoy modeling and posing for the camera, you should also figure out if you have the right temperament for the job. Many kids are shy around strangers when they’re young, but if you’re modeling, you must be confident and outgoing. You can’t be uncomfortable when you’re working with new agents, photographers, executives, and other crew at each photo shoot.\\nIf you’re not sure whether you have the personality for modeling, ask yourself if you really like being the center of attention and are able to be yourself even when you’re around people who you don’t know very well.\\nIt’s also important to be able to take direction from others and to have enough patience to remain still for as long as 15 minutes when you’re a model.\\n3-3. Talk to your parents.\\nOnce you’re sure that you’ll enjoy modeling and have the personality for it, you should talk to your parents about it. Explain to them why you're interested in modeling. You might tell them that you believe it will allow you to express yourself or that you think it will help you feel more confident. You can even just tell them that you think it will be fun to pose for photos. Just be honest and enthusiastic.\\nIt’s important to understand that allowing you to model requires a big commitment on your parents’ part. They’ll have to take you to casting calls and shoots, and wait around with you while you’re working so they’ll be giving up their time too.\\nIf your parents are actually the ones who bring up the idea of modeling, be sure that it’s something that you really want to do. Don’t let them push you into being a model if you’re not genuinely interested in it.\\n3-4. Get your parents' permission.\\nAs a child, you’ll need your parents’ permission to become a model so you have to get them to agree. They may have concerns about how modeling will affect other parts of your life, so make sure to tell them that school will still be a priority and you’ll continue to get all of your chores done.\\nConsider making a deal with your parents that you’re only allowed to model if you get certain grades in school and do your part to help around the house.\\nMany states require work permits for children under 18 who work as models or in other entertainment fields. When you meet with agencies, they can help you and your parents figure out what documentation you need to work.\\n3-5. Recognize the commitment required.\\nModeling seems like an exciting job, but you should go into the process understanding that it’s not all fun and games. It may take hours to get just a handful of shots done, and you'll need to give maximum effort the entire time. Shoots often have a lot of downtime too, which means you will probably be sitting around a lot as you wait to pose.\\nSome clients may try to have their photo shoots during the evenings and weekends, but many jobs will be during the weekday. That means you may have to miss school to model, so if you’re already behind in your classes, it may not be the best fit for you.\\nOther photo shoots may require getting up very early and working before school, so make sure you’re willing to change your schedule to model.\\nBecause of all the waiting around on shoots, you should be sure to bring supplies to keep you busy. You might bring some schoolwork to do or books to read. It’s also a good idea to bring your favorite snacks and drinks.\\n3-6. Be realistic about your odds of great success.\\nModeling is very competitive, so you’re going to go up against many other kids who also want to be models. As a result, finding an agency to work with you and jobs may not be that easy. You can't count on being an instant success or making big money, so you shouldn't go into modeling just for the fame and fortune.\\nTalk to your parents about the expectations for your modeling career. It's important that everyone is on the same page.\\nMany models don't get paid a lot. Some get paid as little as ten dollars an hour.\\nTips\\nPractice makes perfect -- have friends and family members take photos of you regularly so being in front of the camera feels natural and comfortable.\\nYou may also want to practice poses in front of the mirror. Go through a range of emotions or moods, such as thoughtful, sick, happy, or excited, so you’re ready for whatever a photographer might ask of you.\\nIf you start to get modeling jobs, ask your parents to help you come up with a calendar to keep track of your schedule. That way, you can be sure that you have enough time for school, homework, chores, friends, and other activities in addition to your modeling.\\nWarnings\\nBecause your parents will be with you at meetings and shoots, you should never be alone with a modeling agent, casting agent, photographer, or crew member, but if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable, be sure to tell your parents or another adult who you trust.\\nNever take or stay on a job that makes you feel uncomfortable or unsafe either. If something feels off, immediately tell your parents or another adult who you trust.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you a kid with an outgoing personality who enjoys posing for photos? You might be the ideal candidate to become a child model. If you're interested in getting into the field, though, it's important to understand that it will take hard work, patience, commitment, and your parents' help to really be successful.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contacting Modeling Agencies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a few photos.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike teen or adult models, it’s not necessary to have a professional portfolio when you’re trying to become a child model. That’s because kids grow and change so quickly that photographs become outdated in a hurry. Most modeling agencies require only a few photos for submissions. While it always helps to have photos taken by a professional photographer, it’s not necessary. Your parents can take the photos of you -- just make sure the lighting is good and use the best camera available to you for clean, clear shots. Try all different filters and poses, and show many different expressions. It would be best to not wear too much makeup, keep it natural. \\nYour photos should be in color, and a headshot, a full body shot, and a couple of candids.\\nTry to look natural in the photos. Don’t wear any silly costumes or hats.\\nSome agencies may ask for a composite card, which is a card that contains several small photos.\\nMake sure that your parents write your name and theirs, as well as your age, hair color, eye color, clothing size, and address, on the back of each photo.\\nTake photos that show off your personality. Don't take shots where you're looking away from the camera.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify reputable agencies in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Because most clients who are looking for child models don’t do the casting themselves, you’ll need to sign with a modeling agency that can identify jobs you’re right for. It’s important to find agencies in your area, though, because you’ll be expected to travel where the shoot is. Ask your parents to help you do an online search for “modeling agencies” and the name of your town or the closest city. Make sure that the ones you find are registered with the Better Business Bureau (BBB), so you know they’re not a scam.\\nWhile a modeling agency will take a certain percentage of the earnings that you make for a particular job as their fee, no reputable agency will ever ask for money upfront.\\nIn addition to a BBB rating, check the agency’s website to see their portfolio. You want to know that they’ve worked with impressive clients, whether local or national.\\nIf you don’t live in a major city, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, chances are that you’ll be working with an agency that books jobs with smaller, local businesses.\\nSearch for modeling agencies that represent kids.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get advice on agencies from other child models and parents.\", \"描述\": \"Knowing that an agency is well-rated with the BBB is important, but hearing about other models' experiences with the agency can be even more helpful. If you know other child models, ask them how they like working with their agency. Have your parents talk to their parents too, so they can have some of their questions answered.\\nWhen you're talking to other child models about their agencies, ask how friendly the agents are and how comfortable they feel with the people from the agency. You should also ask how many jobs they've been able to get through the agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit photos.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve found some reputable agencies in your area, it’s time to submit your photos. Visit the agencies’ websites to determine what their submission process is. Some agencies will allow you to submit your photos online, while others require you to mail hard copies of the photos. You will probably need to write a letter of interest to go with the photos, so ask your parents to help with that.\\nIf you’re mailing your photos to an agency, you may also need to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope for a reply.\\nIn most cases, you can expect to hear a response from the agencies you’ve submitted to in a month or so. They’ll either send a polite rejection letter or email, or contact your parents to set up a meeting.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be yourself at meetings.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re lucky enough to get a meeting with a modeling agency, it’s obviously important to make a good impression. The agents already like the way that you look based on your photos, but they want to make sure you have a fun, outgoing personality to match. That doesn’t mean you should fake it, though. You won’t be able to keep up an act on all of the castings and photo shoots that you go on, so be yourself and let the agent know who you really are.\\nIf you’re nervous at a meeting, try to pretend that you’re just talking to a friend and not a modeling or casting agent. That may help take some of the pressure off.\\nYour parents can sit with you for meetings, which may help you feel more comfortable.\\nIt may help to do a practice meeting or interview with an adult other than a family member. Your parents might ask one of their friends to ask you some questions, so you’re more comfortable for your appointment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Project confidence.\", \"描述\": \"If you want agents and casting executives to believe in you, you have to let them know that you believe in yourself. At your meetings, try to use your body language to convey how confident you are. Maintain eye contact with the people that you're meeting with, and sit and stand up straight. Avoid fidgeting too.\\nAnother way to ensure that you give off a confident vibe is to go into meetings with a positive attitude. Assume that it's going to go well, and the people you're meeting with will be able to feel that.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign with an agency.\", \"描述\": \"If a modeling agency likes you, they will want you to sign a contract. The contract lays out the terms of your agreement, including what type of fee the agency will take for your assignments. Your parents will ultimately decide whether the contract is in your best interest and sign on your behalf. They may want a lawyer to read over it before they sign to ensure that it’s a good contract.\\nMost agencies take approximately 20 percent of models’ earnings as their fee.\\nUnless an agency wants you to sign an exclusive contract, which means you work solely with them, you can sign with multiple agencies. That can increase your chance of getting work.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend go-sees.\", \"描述\": \"When an agency finds modeling jobs that they believe you’re a good fit for, they’ll send you on go-sees, which are meetings with executives from firms that are looking for models. As with your meetings at modeling agencies, the casting agents want to make sure that you don’t just have the right look for the job, but the right personality too. Handle it just as you would a meeting with an agent -- be confident and friendly, but be yourself.\\nYou may have an appointment for a go-see, which means you can be in and out in as little as 15 minutes. However, if there’s a line, you may wind up waiting around for much longer.\\nBecause go-sees are necessary to get jobs, you must attend all the ones that your agent sends you to. Some days, you may have two go-sees, and other times, you may go weeks between go-sees.\\nIn some cases, you may receive a modeling job right after you attend a go-see. But it’s not uncommon to have to wait a couple of weeks to hear back.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare yourself for rejection.\", \"描述\": \"While modeling can be a lot of fun, there is a part of it that no one likes -- the rejection. Because the field is so competitive, you’re going to be going up against hundreds of other kids who are trying to land a modeling agent or a modeling job. In some cases, you aren’t going to be the best fit for what the agent or client wants. You shouldn’t feel bad about yourself if it takes a while to get a job or if you don’t get a job that you really want. It only means that you aren’t right for that particular job or agency.\\nIn many cases, advertising firms and other clients are looking for very specific types of children. For example, they may want a redhead with freckles. If you don’t have that look, it doesn’t matter how cute or bubbly you are -- you’re not going to get the job. It isn’t a reflection on you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be persistent.\", \"描述\": \"If modeling is really something that you want to do, you will need to maintain your confidence even if you aren't getting as many jobs as you'd like. Having success as a model usually requires persistence, so don't give up even if things aren't working out as quickly as you'd hoped.\\nYou should only continue to pursue modeling if it makes you happy. If the process stops being fun at any point, talk to your parents.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Deciding to be a Model\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure you’re really interested in modeling.\", \"描述\": \"Being a model may seem like an exciting and glamorous job, but it actually requires a lot of hard work. It’s important to determine whether you will really enjoy the experience before you give up your free time that could be spent playing with friends to commit to modeling. Ask a friend or family to do a practice photo session with you to see if you have fun posing.\\nPractice photo sessions won’t just help you decide if you’ll enjoy modeling; they can help you feel more comfortable in front of the camera too.\\nMake sure that your friend or family member gives you direction on how you should look in each photo because that’s what a professional photographer will do at a modeling photo shoot. For example, your friend might tell you to look calm and thoughtful in one shot and excited in another.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’ve got the right personality.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you believe that you’ll enjoy modeling and posing for the camera, you should also figure out if you have the right temperament for the job. Many kids are shy around strangers when they’re young, but if you’re modeling, you must be confident and outgoing. You can’t be uncomfortable when you’re working with new agents, photographers, executives, and other crew at each photo shoot.\\nIf you’re not sure whether you have the personality for modeling, ask yourself if you really like being the center of attention and are able to be yourself even when you’re around people who you don’t know very well.\\nIt’s also important to be able to take direction from others and to have enough patience to remain still for as long as 15 minutes when you’re a model.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to your parents.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re sure that you’ll enjoy modeling and have the personality for it, you should talk to your parents about it. Explain to them why you're interested in modeling. You might tell them that you believe it will allow you to express yourself or that you think it will help you feel more confident. You can even just tell them that you think it will be fun to pose for photos. Just be honest and enthusiastic.\\nIt’s important to understand that allowing you to model requires a big commitment on your parents’ part. They’ll have to take you to casting calls and shoots, and wait around with you while you’re working so they’ll be giving up their time too.\\nIf your parents are actually the ones who bring up the idea of modeling, be sure that it’s something that you really want to do. Don’t let them push you into being a model if you’re not genuinely interested in it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your parents' permission.\", \"描述\": \"As a child, you’ll need your parents’ permission to become a model so you have to get them to agree. They may have concerns about how modeling will affect other parts of your life, so make sure to tell them that school will still be a priority and you’ll continue to get all of your chores done.\\nConsider making a deal with your parents that you’re only allowed to model if you get certain grades in school and do your part to help around the house.\\nMany states require work permits for children under 18 who work as models or in other entertainment fields. When you meet with agencies, they can help you and your parents figure out what documentation you need to work.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Recognize the commitment required.\", \"描述\": \"Modeling seems like an exciting job, but you should go into the process understanding that it’s not all fun and games. It may take hours to get just a handful of shots done, and you'll need to give maximum effort the entire time. Shoots often have a lot of downtime too, which means you will probably be sitting around a lot as you wait to pose.\\nSome clients may try to have their photo shoots during the evenings and weekends, but many jobs will be during the weekday. That means you may have to miss school to model, so if you’re already behind in your classes, it may not be the best fit for you.\\nOther photo shoots may require getting up very early and working before school, so make sure you’re willing to change your schedule to model.\\nBecause of all the waiting around on shoots, you should be sure to bring supplies to keep you busy. You might bring some schoolwork to do or books to read. It’s also a good idea to bring your favorite snacks and drinks.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be realistic about your odds of great success.\", \"描述\": \"Modeling is very competitive, so you’re going to go up against many other kids who also want to be models. As a result, finding an agency to work with you and jobs may not be that easy. You can't count on being an instant success or making big money, so you shouldn't go into modeling just for the fame and fortune.\\nTalk to your parents about the expectations for your modeling career. It's important that everyone is on the same page.\\nMany models don't get paid a lot. Some get paid as little as ten dollars an hour.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Practice makes perfect -- have friends and family members take photos of you regularly so being in front of the camera feels natural and comfortable.\\n\", \"You may also want to practice poses in front of the mirror. Go through a range of emotions or moods, such as thoughtful, sick, happy, or excited, so you’re ready for whatever a photographer might ask of you.\\n\", \"If you start to get modeling jobs, ask your parents to help you come up with a calendar to keep track of your schedule. That way, you can be sure that you have enough time for school, homework, chores, friends, and other activities in addition to your modeling.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Because your parents will be with you at meetings and shoots, you should never be alone with a modeling agent, casting agent, photographer, or crew member, but if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable, be sure to tell your parents or another adult who you trust.\\n\", \"Never take or stay on a job that makes you feel uncomfortable or unsafe either. If something feels off, immediately tell your parents or another adult who you trust.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,268 |
How to Become a Child Psychologist
|
1. Getting the Education
1-1. Attain an undergraduate degree in psychology or a related field.
While a general psychology degree will help you get into graduate school, consider going for a specific degree in child development, child studies, or cognitive studies. Specializing your degree will give you more knowledge in your field. It may also give you more insight into the world of child psychology so you can determine if it's the right career path for you.
Look at the available degrees when searching for a university to attend. Some colleges offer more child psychology related majors.
Some of the best colleges to get your psychology degree include Stanford University, The University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, and The University of Michigan.
1-2. Determine what field of child psychology you want to work in.
Once you obtain your bachelor's degree, you'll need a PhD to work as a child psychologist in the majority of circumstances. During your Ph.D. program, you'll have to concentrate on one of the four fields of child psychology which include clinical, developmental, school, and educational psychology. Determine which type of job you would want post-graduation and specialize in it.
Clinical child psychologists deal directly with the children and help assess, diagnose, and treat children with developmental or psychological disorders, as well as do scientific and academic research in these areas.
Developmental child psychologists work more towards a better understanding of child behavior in a research-based setting.
School psychologists deal with the mental health needs of children in a school or education setting. They determine child eligibility for government sponsored programs and help build curricula to suit the needs of children.
Education children psychologists work to improve the learning and teaching processes in schools. They suggest changes to classes and curriculum, so it can better suit the needs of children's psychological health.
1-3. Get your graduate degree in psychology.
A master's degree will not allow you to practice as a psychologist, but a master's degree in mental health counseling will allow you to get licensed to see patients, although you will not be a psychologist and as such will not be allowed to conduct psychological testing. Look for schools that have good programs for the type of child psychology you are looking to pursue. An undergraduate degree alone will not enable you to do advanced research or to treat and diagnose patients.
Graduate courses include adolescent and young adult development, child development, and psychopathology in children.
Good graduate schools for child psychology include The University of Kansas and The University of Virginia Curry School of Education.
A master's degree usually takes two to three years to complete.
1-4. Get your doctorate.
Getting your doctorate will take between four to six years on average and will enable you to become a licensed psychologist and directly diagnose and assess patients, as well as conduct scientific and academic research. You don't have to get your Masters degree before applying to a PhD program. Rather, you will earn your master's degree as an important milestone towards your PhD during the course of your graduate education. If you know that you want to be a licensed psychologist and be able to to psychological testing and conduct academic research then it's recommended you get your doctorate. If you are interested in being a therapist you can achieve that through a mental health counseling master's program to be come a licensed mental health counselor.
A Psy.D. is an applied clinical doctorate. The main difference between a PhD and a PsyD is that the PhD is traditionally a research degree, although most programs fall somewhere along the scientist-practitioner spectrum. The PsyD was specifically created for those who want to be a licensed psychologist but are not interested in research. Another important distinction is that since a PhD is a research degree there is usually funding available for students in the form of a tuition waiver and a stipend, while PsyD's have to pay for their education out of pocket.
2. Getting the Experience
2-1. Complete your internship or practicum.
If you are getting your doctorate, undergoing a one-year internship while you study is typically required. This is usually followed by another year residency under supervision before you can attain your license to practice.
During your practicum you may work for an in-house health department at your school or your local hospitals, clinics and research facilities.
2-2. Obtain your state certification.
Different states differ on their requirements to become a licensed state child psychologist. For most states, you'll need to have your doctorate in child psychology and have hours of experience under supervision. Look up your state's website to find application forms and requirements.
In Washington, you must have your doctoral degree and 750-hour residency and 300-hour practicum.
In New York, you must have your doctorate from an accredited program as well as two years of full-time supervised experience.
2-3. Get your Board Certification.
A Board certification from The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology will allow you to designate a specialization. It shows that you have the capability and competence to serve as a child psychologist. You can visit the official website for The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and fill out the specialization and application forms to get started.
Being Board Certified will also make your skills more marketable.
3. Getting the Job
3-1. Apply to organizations that need child psychologists.
Once you have the proper licenses, certifications, and education to practice, you can start looking for jobs at different organizations. Some organizations that need child psychologists include, mental health clinics, legal organizations, hospitals, and research centers such as universities. Use online job boards to find jobs in your area.
Take your time and do research on each company to determine the best fit for you.
3-2. Use your networking connections to find a job.
Because you've already undergone your residency and internship or practicum period, there's a good chance you've already networked with people in the psychology or health fields. Reach out to old colleagues or bosses and let them know that you've completed your education and are ready to practice.
Often, if there's a position available, you will get precedence over someone who did not do their residency there.
3-3. Go on the interview.
Once you've applied and gotten a callback, your potential employer will want you to come in for an interview. Make sure that you have a good demeanor, especially if you are going to be working in direct contact with children.
The hospital or organization you are working for will also be looking for additional skills and knowledge over the newest techniques in cognitive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy.
3-4. Start your own practice.
Typically you'll need years of practice in the industry before opening your own practice. In addition to being on the top of your field, you'll also need to understand the basic principles of business and marketing to make your practice stand out from the rest. Retain old patients and try to get new business through referrals and word-of-mouth.
Work with a business development consultant if you aren't business savvy or are not sure about the technical aspects of starting your own practice like billing and getting new customers.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:35",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Education\\n1-1. Attain an undergraduate degree in psychology or a related field.\\nWhile a general psychology degree will help you get into graduate school, consider going for a specific degree in child development, child studies, or cognitive studies. Specializing your degree will give you more knowledge in your field. It may also give you more insight into the world of child psychology so you can determine if it's the right career path for you.\\nLook at the available degrees when searching for a university to attend. Some colleges offer more child psychology related majors.\\nSome of the best colleges to get your psychology degree include Stanford University, The University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, and The University of Michigan.\\n1-2. Determine what field of child psychology you want to work in.\\nOnce you obtain your bachelor's degree, you'll need a PhD to work as a child psychologist in the majority of circumstances. During your Ph.D. program, you'll have to concentrate on one of the four fields of child psychology which include clinical, developmental, school, and educational psychology. Determine which type of job you would want post-graduation and specialize in it.\\nClinical child psychologists deal directly with the children and help assess, diagnose, and treat children with developmental or psychological disorders, as well as do scientific and academic research in these areas.\\nDevelopmental child psychologists work more towards a better understanding of child behavior in a research-based setting.\\nSchool psychologists deal with the mental health needs of children in a school or education setting. They determine child eligibility for government sponsored programs and help build curricula to suit the needs of children.\\nEducation children psychologists work to improve the learning and teaching processes in schools. They suggest changes to classes and curriculum, so it can better suit the needs of children's psychological health.\\n1-3. Get your graduate degree in psychology.\\nA master's degree will not allow you to practice as a psychologist, but a master's degree in mental health counseling will allow you to get licensed to see patients, although you will not be a psychologist and as such will not be allowed to conduct psychological testing. Look for schools that have good programs for the type of child psychology you are looking to pursue. An undergraduate degree alone will not enable you to do advanced research or to treat and diagnose patients.\\nGraduate courses include adolescent and young adult development, child development, and psychopathology in children.\\nGood graduate schools for child psychology include The University of Kansas and The University of Virginia Curry School of Education.\\nA master's degree usually takes two to three years to complete.\\n1-4. Get your doctorate.\\nGetting your doctorate will take between four to six years on average and will enable you to become a licensed psychologist and directly diagnose and assess patients, as well as conduct scientific and academic research. You don't have to get your Masters degree before applying to a PhD program. Rather, you will earn your master's degree as an important milestone towards your PhD during the course of your graduate education. If you know that you want to be a licensed psychologist and be able to to psychological testing and conduct academic research then it's recommended you get your doctorate. If you are interested in being a therapist you can achieve that through a mental health counseling master's program to be come a licensed mental health counselor.\\nA Psy.D. is an applied clinical doctorate. The main difference between a PhD and a PsyD is that the PhD is traditionally a research degree, although most programs fall somewhere along the scientist-practitioner spectrum. The PsyD was specifically created for those who want to be a licensed psychologist but are not interested in research. Another important distinction is that since a PhD is a research degree there is usually funding available for students in the form of a tuition waiver and a stipend, while PsyD's have to pay for their education out of pocket.\\n2. Getting the Experience\\n2-1. Complete your internship or practicum.\\nIf you are getting your doctorate, undergoing a one-year internship while you study is typically required. This is usually followed by another year residency under supervision before you can attain your license to practice.\\nDuring your practicum you may work for an in-house health department at your school or your local hospitals, clinics and research facilities.\\n2-2. Obtain your state certification.\\nDifferent states differ on their requirements to become a licensed state child psychologist. For most states, you'll need to have your doctorate in child psychology and have hours of experience under supervision. Look up your state's website to find application forms and requirements.\\nIn Washington, you must have your doctoral degree and 750-hour residency and 300-hour practicum.\\nIn New York, you must have your doctorate from an accredited program as well as two years of full-time supervised experience.\\n2-3. Get your Board Certification.\\nA Board certification from The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology will allow you to designate a specialization. It shows that you have the capability and competence to serve as a child psychologist. You can visit the official website for The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and fill out the specialization and application forms to get started.\\nBeing Board Certified will also make your skills more marketable.\\n3. Getting the Job\\n3-1. Apply to organizations that need child psychologists.\\nOnce you have the proper licenses, certifications, and education to practice, you can start looking for jobs at different organizations. Some organizations that need child psychologists include, mental health clinics, legal organizations, hospitals, and research centers such as universities. Use online job boards to find jobs in your area.\\nTake your time and do research on each company to determine the best fit for you.\\n3-2. Use your networking connections to find a job.\\nBecause you've already undergone your residency and internship or practicum period, there's a good chance you've already networked with people in the psychology or health fields. Reach out to old colleagues or bosses and let them know that you've completed your education and are ready to practice.\\nOften, if there's a position available, you will get precedence over someone who did not do their residency there.\\n3-3. Go on the interview.\\nOnce you've applied and gotten a callback, your potential employer will want you to come in for an interview. Make sure that you have a good demeanor, especially if you are going to be working in direct contact with children.\\nThe hospital or organization you are working for will also be looking for additional skills and knowledge over the newest techniques in cognitive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy.\\n3-4. Start your own practice.\\nTypically you'll need years of practice in the industry before opening your own practice. In addition to being on the top of your field, you'll also need to understand the basic principles of business and marketing to make your practice stand out from the rest. Retain old patients and try to get new business through referrals and word-of-mouth.\\nWork with a business development consultant if you aren't business savvy or are not sure about the technical aspects of starting your own practice like billing and getting new customers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to help children with their emotional and mental health, then you may want to become a child psychologist. As a child psychologist, you'll be researching, assessing, studying, and treating psychological disorders, developmental problems, and cognitive deficits, with infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents. While the profession can be rewarding, becoming a child psychologist is not easy. You'll need to undergo years of education and experience to start treating children's mental disorders. Luckily, with passion and dedication, the goal of becoming a child psychologist is achievable.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attain an undergraduate degree in psychology or a related field.\", \"描述\": \"While a general psychology degree will help you get into graduate school, consider going for a specific degree in child development, child studies, or cognitive studies. Specializing your degree will give you more knowledge in your field. It may also give you more insight into the world of child psychology so you can determine if it's the right career path for you.\\nLook at the available degrees when searching for a university to attend. Some colleges offer more child psychology related majors.\\nSome of the best colleges to get your psychology degree include Stanford University, The University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, and The University of Michigan.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine what field of child psychology you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Once you obtain your bachelor's degree, you'll need a PhD to work as a child psychologist in the majority of circumstances. During your Ph.D. program, you'll have to concentrate on one of the four fields of child psychology which include clinical, developmental, school, and educational psychology. Determine which type of job you would want post-graduation and specialize in it.\\nClinical child psychologists deal directly with the children and help assess, diagnose, and treat children with developmental or psychological disorders, as well as do scientific and academic research in these areas.\\nDevelopmental child psychologists work more towards a better understanding of child behavior in a research-based setting.\\nSchool psychologists deal with the mental health needs of children in a school or education setting. They determine child eligibility for government sponsored programs and help build curricula to suit the needs of children.\\nEducation children psychologists work to improve the learning and teaching processes in schools. They suggest changes to classes and curriculum, so it can better suit the needs of children's psychological health.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your graduate degree in psychology.\", \"描述\": \"A master's degree will not allow you to practice as a psychologist, but a master's degree in mental health counseling will allow you to get licensed to see patients, although you will not be a psychologist and as such will not be allowed to conduct psychological testing. Look for schools that have good programs for the type of child psychology you are looking to pursue. An undergraduate degree alone will not enable you to do advanced research or to treat and diagnose patients.\\nGraduate courses include adolescent and young adult development, child development, and psychopathology in children.\\nGood graduate schools for child psychology include The University of Kansas and The University of Virginia Curry School of Education.\\nA master's degree usually takes two to three years to complete.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your doctorate.\", \"描述\": \"Getting your doctorate will take between four to six years on average and will enable you to become a licensed psychologist and directly diagnose and assess patients, as well as conduct scientific and academic research. You don't have to get your Masters degree before applying to a PhD program. Rather, you will earn your master's degree as an important milestone towards your PhD during the course of your graduate education. If you know that you want to be a licensed psychologist and be able to to psychological testing and conduct academic research then it's recommended you get your doctorate. If you are interested in being a therapist you can achieve that through a mental health counseling master's program to be come a licensed mental health counselor.\\nA Psy.D. is an applied clinical doctorate. The main difference between a PhD and a PsyD is that the PhD is traditionally a research degree, although most programs fall somewhere along the scientist-practitioner spectrum. The PsyD was specifically created for those who want to be a licensed psychologist but are not interested in research. Another important distinction is that since a PhD is a research degree there is usually funding available for students in the form of a tuition waiver and a stipend, while PsyD's have to pay for their education out of pocket.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your internship or practicum.\", \"描述\": \"If you are getting your doctorate, undergoing a one-year internship while you study is typically required. This is usually followed by another year residency under supervision before you can attain your license to practice.\\nDuring your practicum you may work for an in-house health department at your school or your local hospitals, clinics and research facilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain your state certification.\", \"描述\": \"Different states differ on their requirements to become a licensed state child psychologist. For most states, you'll need to have your doctorate in child psychology and have hours of experience under supervision. Look up your state's website to find application forms and requirements.\\nIn Washington, you must have your doctoral degree and 750-hour residency and 300-hour practicum.\\nIn New York, you must have your doctorate from an accredited program as well as two years of full-time supervised experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your Board Certification.\", \"描述\": \"A Board certification from The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology will allow you to designate a specialization. It shows that you have the capability and competence to serve as a child psychologist. You can visit the official website for The American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and fill out the specialization and application forms to get started.\\nBeing Board Certified will also make your skills more marketable.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to organizations that need child psychologists.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have the proper licenses, certifications, and education to practice, you can start looking for jobs at different organizations. Some organizations that need child psychologists include, mental health clinics, legal organizations, hospitals, and research centers such as universities. Use online job boards to find jobs in your area.\\nTake your time and do research on each company to determine the best fit for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use your networking connections to find a job.\", \"描述\": \"Because you've already undergone your residency and internship or practicum period, there's a good chance you've already networked with people in the psychology or health fields. Reach out to old colleagues or bosses and let them know that you've completed your education and are ready to practice.\\nOften, if there's a position available, you will get precedence over someone who did not do their residency there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go on the interview.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've applied and gotten a callback, your potential employer will want you to come in for an interview. Make sure that you have a good demeanor, especially if you are going to be working in direct contact with children.\\nThe hospital or organization you are working for will also be looking for additional skills and knowledge over the newest techniques in cognitive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start your own practice.\", \"描述\": \"Typically you'll need years of practice in the industry before opening your own practice. In addition to being on the top of your field, you'll also need to understand the basic principles of business and marketing to make your practice stand out from the rest. Retain old patients and try to get new business through referrals and word-of-mouth.\\nWork with a business development consultant if you aren't business savvy or are not sure about the technical aspects of starting your own practice like billing and getting new customers.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,269 |
How to Become a Child Singer
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1. Convincing Your Parents
1-1. Face the reality.
It is not easy to get involved in the music world, even for children. It's roughly estimated that it takes 10,000 hours of practicing to become truly proficient in a skill, and singing is no exception. This will probably mean sacrificing a lot of time doing other things, like hanging out with friends, playing video games, and pursuing other hobbies. So you have to really ask and decide for yourself if you really want to make this commitment.
You will probably face a lot of competition and roadblocks.
Even after you become successful, you may not see a lot of profit at first, and there will likely continue to be a lot of work involved, like signing autographs for hours, traveling for tours, having to write and rewrite melodies and lyrics, long nights at the studio, etc. Although it is a very glamorous and rewarding job, it is not always easy.
1-2. Research a child singer.
You should find out more information about what other modern child singers' experiences have been like in order to understand what the process is like, and how long it will be like. You will also want to start researching to see what kind of music you want to sing.
Pick a particular person you admire, like Aaron Carter or Charlotte Church. Use a search engine like Google, Bing, or Yahoo to find interviews and articles written about their careers. Try search terms like "Name Interview," "Name on Success," or "Name music industry."
Try finding the artist's Wikipedia page by searching for them at Wikipedia or any search engine. Scroll to the bottom and look in the "References" section for articles hosted online for interviews and other articles about their career history.
Go to your local library and ask a librarian for help finding more information about the music industry and child singers; they should be able to help you locate biographies and autobiographies for current and past famous individuals.
1-3. Research music genres.
Maybe you already think you know what style of music you want to sing, or maybe you have no clue, but you should make sure you know which genre you want to pursue. It would be a waste of time and energy to think you want to be a country singer only to realize three years into training that you want to sing in the opera some day. Research all kinds of different artists and genres of music by listening to them to discover what you like, and what sounds you think you can envision your voice contributing to.
Try web services like Last.fm or Musicovery to build your own radio station that features songs that match your taste or mood.
Try Earbits Radio's web service or surfing your local radio stations on a car radio for different music genres.
Ask your parents and grandparents to introduce you to music they enjoy; it's probably very different than what you and your friends like to listen to.
1-4. Define for yourself what "successful" means.
"Successful" is a really vague word, and it could mean a lot of things, especially in today's day and age where there are many paths to choose from. Do you want to be an internet sensation? Do you want to sign onto a record label and perform all over the country? Do you want to star in Broadway or go onto a career in the opera someday? The answers to these questions will determine the kind of training you will need to pursue.
1-5. Understand why you need your family's support.
In addition to being time-demanding, in order to pursue this career you will need money. There will be things you need to purchase and invest in along the way like training, equipment, and clothes. It will also be emotionally demanding, since you may have to face rejection, criticism, and other difficulties. There are also things that you may not be able to do for yourself as a minor, like driving yourself to auditions or signing legal paperwork. You are going to need the support of your parents or legal guardians in order to pursue this career.
1-6. Come up with a convincing argument.
Because becoming a singer will be a lot of work for both you and your parents, you need to show them you have put a lot of thought into this decision despite your young age. If you simply say, "I think it will be a lot of fun," they may come up with counter arguments like, "But do you know how much time and energy this will take?" You will need to use the research you did before to prove to them you know what you're talking about.
Try treating this like writing a persuasive essay. If you can think of all of the bad reasons someone could come up with, then you can think of good reasons and arguments to oppose those bad reasons. Be sure to back it up with facts when possible. So, if your parents say "You won't be able to spend time with your friends," you can say, "I can join the school or church choir and make friends that share my passion for singing."
Rehearse your argument to yourself. You will want to make sure you remember your points for when you have a discussion with them.
1-7. Have a discussion with your parents.
Having done the research already, you should now be ready to tell your parents how you feel. Remember to stay calm and in control even if they are initially resistant. Instead, continue to maturely show them you're interested by looking into joining a church or school choir, singing whenever you have the opportunity, even casually, and occasionally trying to have more conversations with them about it. Some arguments could go like this:
"I don't think that's a good idea. You need to go to school." "I can still go to school. I would do all of my practice after school, and any performances would be on the weekends. If I got famous and I had to quit public school, I could get private teachers or do long distance learning through computers."
"You won't enjoy it. It's a lot of work." "I know it's a lot of work. I did a lot of research on what Michael Jackson and Hillary Duff have been through for their singing careers. But, I really believe that I can do this, especially if you'll help keep me on track."
"Wouldn't you rather just keep singing a hobby that you love?" "People say that you should love what you do. I think that if I had a job about something I was passionate about, it would never really feel like work."
"We don't have that kind of money." "We could find ways to make money so I could get training and go to perform. We could do bake sales, and car washes, and I could take small singing jobs in town."
2. Training and Getting Experience
2-1. Find a teacher.
You will need a trainer or mentor to help you learn the correct habits to take care of your vocal chords so that you don't accidentally damage them. They can help you decide what songs to sing, teach you scales and the basics of music, and give you private lessons to identify your areas of weakness and strength.
To find a teacher, you can look online to websites like ClassicalSinger.com or NATS.org which host searchable directories as well as magazines, online communities, your music teacher at school, or the parents of any friends who are also taking voice lessons.
Your teacher does not have to be accredited, a professional singer, or cool. Instead, look at a teacher's history and see how their students have fared.
Even if you believe that you have not and will never injure your voice, there may be tiny things you do that you are unaware of that could have serious consequences later. A teacher can identify and stop you from doing those things so that you can have a long and successful career.
2-2. Learn and practice.
While there are some people who brag about teaching themselves and not knowing about the mechanics, if you want a career in music, then you will need to understand notes, melody, harmony, keys, scales, measures, beats, majors, and minors as well as many, many other things. While this may feel daunting at first, it is necessary so that you can both improve yourself to stand out from the competition as well as to show other people that you are serious.
Consider songs as mini plays where you, the singer, are playing a part. Ask yourself who you're supposed to be, why you're singing, how you're supposed to feel, and who you're singing to.
You will need to spend many hours practicing the basics likes scales both at home and in your lessons.
2-3. Participate in school plays and church choirs.
You should try to make yourself known locally. School plays with singing parts and solos in your school or church choir are a great, free way to try to seek the spotlight that contribute to your community. Have someone record your performance to distribute it online to family, friends, and social media followers later.
2-4. Audition for singing opportunities.
If you feel ready for bigger audiences, auditioning for a broadcasted TV show like America's Got Talent is one way of getting your name and face out there. There are also national and local casting calls going on all the time. Try 2016auditions.com, kidscasting.com, and castingcallhub.com for roles involving singing and dancing. There are also prestigious regional competitions for singers that you can find more information about at NATS.org.
When you show up to audition, be sure to be dressed nicely, have your song materials preselected, be aware of what you're auditioning for (especially if it is a musical play with a story and specific songs), and be sure to have a good attitude.
Auditioning is a skill itself: you will probably need to audition many times to learn what kinds of questions and suggestions you will receive, as well as how to handle yourself. Don't be discouraged if you don't get the role the first, second, or even tenth time.
2-5. Take singing jobs.
Especially if you're looking for work as a singer-songwriter or singing as a pop star, try looking for local places like coffee houses and restaurants that hire singers for live entertainment. This will help get your name and face out there to get more and bigger jobs. It will also help you all to recover costs for training and advertising.
Use websites like Craigslist, Gigsalad, Backstage.com, YapTracker, and ReverbNation to find singing jobs that you can take. Some, but not all, of these are free to use.
Some jobs, often called "gigs," will help you to build a fanbase but don't pay well, like playing at a friend's house for a birthday party, and others will pay well but not build you much of a fanbase, like singing for a wedding. Many gigs call in between as well. Try to consider what your goals are with taking a job: is it most important to make more fans, or to be paid well, or have you reached the point that you should aim for both?
Be prepared to be persistent. Some places will not agree to book you the first, second, or even ninth time you call!
Be careful when accepting jobs: have your parents or a legal guardian look at the job posting with you and contact the individual hosting it for you. These are people that you do not know, and it is important that even if you are eager to start making a name for yourself that you be safe.
3. Making Yourself Visible to the Music Industry
3-1. Identify the labels or organizations you want to pursue.
There are a lot of different organizations in the music industry today: aside from the opera and musical theaters like Broadway, there are record labels. Record labels, or record companies, are responsible for marketing, coordinating the production, manufacturing, and distributing music. There are three major labels (Universal, Sony, and Warner) as well as many sublabels,vanity labels, and independent labels. You will need to find out who produces the kind of music you want to make and find out who the executives and producers for that company are, as well as whether or not they accept demos and what their guidelines are.
3-2. Use social media to advertise yourself.
Many aspiring artists use platforms such as YouTube and Facebook to post videos of themselves singing to get their name and face out to the world. Hundreds to millions of people can be aware of you with just a click of the button; ask your friends and family to help you get a start by liking and sharing your work on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Other places where you can distribute or advertise your music include Reddit music, Last.FM, and Spotify.
3-3. Build relationships in the music community.
A lot of people use popular blogs like Pitchfork, Stereogum, DatPiff, and the A.V. Club to find new artists to follow. These bloggers usually have a listed contact email. Send them your music or a link to your social media. Once you've figured out which labels you want to join, find and add them on Facebook and Twitter; if you found the names of their employees, add them too. Try talking with them daily to make them notice you.
If any of the labels or their employees or bloggers happen to be local, try calling them, scheduling a meeting with them, and building a more personable relationship with them.
3-4. Invest in a professional website.
Take the next step to look professional and invest in a .com name with your band or artist name. Be sure to be certain that all of the graphics, logos, and pictures of yourself are professional quality. To keep it affordable, try posting yourself to websites like 99designs.com and Crowdspring.com, where aspiring designers can submit potential designs to you for a price you've already set.
Your parents may be initially reluctant to invest in a website and professional designing. Search for "cheap web hosting" or "cheap web domains" to try to find options they might be less reserved about. Explain to them why it's important that you have a professional image, and maybe even frame it in a way they can relate to, like, "When you look for someone to come do a job for you, don't you feel better when you see that they have a nice looking website with information that's neatly maintained," or "When you buy products, do nice colors and good packaging appeal to you? Would you want to buy something ugly? What I'm doing is a service, and I want people to buy my music someday. I want record companies to buy my image."
If your parents are still concerned about the costs involved, you can try making a GoFundMe, a Kickstarter, or a Patreon for you to have some more sustainable income to reach your goals.
3-5. Seek talent scouts.
A talent scout is a person whose job it is to find untapped talent in the world and help them get work. They can help you find auditions, jobs, and get your name to a record label. You can find searchable directories for talent agents at both Backstage.com and Laauditions.com. You may also find their profiles on Facebook and LinkedIn.
When contacting a talent scout, send a packet with your headshot, resume, and a cover letter. You will likely need your parents' help.
Make sure the resume is as short and well-summarized as possible, but include details like special talents, teachers, and specific training you've received.
Make sure if you include personal references they will speak well about you.
Follow up with an agency after sending in a submission.
If you get into a showcase seeking representation, ask around to find out who present is already represented and by whom.
Be careful to only work with reputable people and to avoid scams. Watch out for people who make big promises, rush casting calls and immediate auditions, promise extremely high pay or say there's no experience needed, casting calls on Craigslist supposedly made by large agencies, those not looking for specific types or ages, or anyone hiding their identity. Beware of agencies that ask you to pay up front for representation, shopping mall auditions, highway billboards, or TV or print ads--instead, you'll find specific information on their individual websites detailing how to submit yourself for consideration.
4. Signing with a Record Label
4-1. Make a demo.
Although this particular step can be challenging, once you have the training to do so, you should try making your own music. In order to submit material to a label, you need to have content to display to them, but generally speaking it needs to be material that is unpublished, completely original, and uncopyrighted.
Your demo should have no more than three tracks to it.
4-2. Get feedback.
You need to get constructive criticism on how your demo has turned out once it's completed. You need to find out if the sound is good, what can be improved, and get advice on how to go about that. Family, friends, and fans are not good sources because they want to be supportive and not hurt your feelings. You should instead seek to have your mentors, teachers, and any industry connections you have listen to your music and tell you their honest thoughts.
You do not have to change everything that is suggested to you, but multiple people pointing to the same thing(s) is a sign that something really does need to be changed.
Do not take people's criticism personally. It is not an attack on you, or to say that you are untalented or unskilled. If anything, people who offer you truthful advice are doing so with the intention of help you be the best you can.
4-3. Polish your sound.
After you've received your criticism, it's time to make the changes that you agree need to be made. You also have to polish things by mixing and mastering your music. The idea here is that you want it to be as professional sounding as possible.
4-4. Understand how labels work.
If you really want to be signed by a record label, then you have to understand how they work. These are businesses, and they have to make money to cover costs; the bigger a fanbase, the better your music, and the more dedication and marketing you've already put into yourself, the more certain they will feel that you are someone they can make money off of signing. Good labels receive dozens if not hundreds of demos all the time. In order to stand out, you need to find a way to be truly unique and catch or have a lot of attention already.
Some labels will not even accept submissions unless the artist is already entirely self sufficient.
It is because of how difficult it is to get noticed and accepted by a label that it is extremely important that you follow as many of the steps in Making Yourself Visible as possible.
4-5. Submit your demo.
Pick five labels to send your demo to, but only send it to one label at a time. Send your demo to the appropriate demo submission email address, or a contact at the label that you have hopefully developed a good relationship with. You will need to upload the tracks to either Dropbox or Soundcloud first and make sure they are set to private so that only the person you have sent the link to can listen to them. Make sure that your email is short, to the point, and polite.
If you don't hear back from them after a week, send a follow up email to ask them if they have received your email and had a chance to listen to your music. Remember to always be polite. For every week you don't hear back, you can send another email.
If you haven't heard back after a month, or they say no, it's time to move onto the next label.
4-6. Sign a contract.
If the label decides that you have the sound and presence that they're looking for, they'll contact you with more information about drafting up a contract. Although it might be tempting to sign one right away so that you can begin reaping the rewards of all your hard work so far, be careful. Record deals have a reputation for being very limiting for the artist, so you'll want to be sure you have your parents and maybe even a lawyer involved in reviewing and negotiating the contract.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Convincing Your Parents\\n1-1. Face the reality.\\nIt is not easy to get involved in the music world, even for children. It's roughly estimated that it takes 10,000 hours of practicing to become truly proficient in a skill, and singing is no exception. This will probably mean sacrificing a lot of time doing other things, like hanging out with friends, playing video games, and pursuing other hobbies. So you have to really ask and decide for yourself if you really want to make this commitment.\\nYou will probably face a lot of competition and roadblocks.\\nEven after you become successful, you may not see a lot of profit at first, and there will likely continue to be a lot of work involved, like signing autographs for hours, traveling for tours, having to write and rewrite melodies and lyrics, long nights at the studio, etc. Although it is a very glamorous and rewarding job, it is not always easy.\\n1-2. Research a child singer.\\nYou should find out more information about what other modern child singers' experiences have been like in order to understand what the process is like, and how long it will be like. You will also want to start researching to see what kind of music you want to sing.\\nPick a particular person you admire, like Aaron Carter or Charlotte Church. Use a search engine like Google, Bing, or Yahoo to find interviews and articles written about their careers. Try search terms like \\\"Name Interview,\\\" \\\"Name on Success,\\\" or \\\"Name music industry.\\\"\\nTry finding the artist's Wikipedia page by searching for them at Wikipedia or any search engine. Scroll to the bottom and look in the \\\"References\\\" section for articles hosted online for interviews and other articles about their career history.\\nGo to your local library and ask a librarian for help finding more information about the music industry and child singers; they should be able to help you locate biographies and autobiographies for current and past famous individuals.\\n1-3. Research music genres.\\nMaybe you already think you know what style of music you want to sing, or maybe you have no clue, but you should make sure you know which genre you want to pursue. It would be a waste of time and energy to think you want to be a country singer only to realize three years into training that you want to sing in the opera some day. Research all kinds of different artists and genres of music by listening to them to discover what you like, and what sounds you think you can envision your voice contributing to.\\nTry web services like Last.fm or Musicovery to build your own radio station that features songs that match your taste or mood.\\nTry Earbits Radio's web service or surfing your local radio stations on a car radio for different music genres.\\nAsk your parents and grandparents to introduce you to music they enjoy; it's probably very different than what you and your friends like to listen to.\\n1-4. Define for yourself what \\\"successful\\\" means.\\n\\\"Successful\\\" is a really vague word, and it could mean a lot of things, especially in today's day and age where there are many paths to choose from. Do you want to be an internet sensation? Do you want to sign onto a record label and perform all over the country? Do you want to star in Broadway or go onto a career in the opera someday? The answers to these questions will determine the kind of training you will need to pursue.\\n1-5. Understand why you need your family's support.\\nIn addition to being time-demanding, in order to pursue this career you will need money. There will be things you need to purchase and invest in along the way like training, equipment, and clothes. It will also be emotionally demanding, since you may have to face rejection, criticism, and other difficulties. There are also things that you may not be able to do for yourself as a minor, like driving yourself to auditions or signing legal paperwork. You are going to need the support of your parents or legal guardians in order to pursue this career.\\n1-6. Come up with a convincing argument.\\nBecause becoming a singer will be a lot of work for both you and your parents, you need to show them you have put a lot of thought into this decision despite your young age. If you simply say, \\\"I think it will be a lot of fun,\\\" they may come up with counter arguments like, \\\"But do you know how much time and energy this will take?\\\" You will need to use the research you did before to prove to them you know what you're talking about.\\nTry treating this like writing a persuasive essay. If you can think of all of the bad reasons someone could come up with, then you can think of good reasons and arguments to oppose those bad reasons. Be sure to back it up with facts when possible. So, if your parents say \\\"You won't be able to spend time with your friends,\\\" you can say, \\\"I can join the school or church choir and make friends that share my passion for singing.\\\"\\nRehearse your argument to yourself. You will want to make sure you remember your points for when you have a discussion with them.\\n1-7. Have a discussion with your parents.\\nHaving done the research already, you should now be ready to tell your parents how you feel. Remember to stay calm and in control even if they are initially resistant. Instead, continue to maturely show them you're interested by looking into joining a church or school choir, singing whenever you have the opportunity, even casually, and occasionally trying to have more conversations with them about it. Some arguments could go like this:\\n\\\"I don't think that's a good idea. You need to go to school.\\\" \\\"I can still go to school. I would do all of my practice after school, and any performances would be on the weekends. If I got famous and I had to quit public school, I could get private teachers or do long distance learning through computers.\\\"\\n\\\"You won't enjoy it. It's a lot of work.\\\" \\\"I know it's a lot of work. I did a lot of research on what Michael Jackson and Hillary Duff have been through for their singing careers. But, I really believe that I can do this, especially if you'll help keep me on track.\\\"\\n\\\"Wouldn't you rather just keep singing a hobby that you love?\\\" \\\"People say that you should love what you do. I think that if I had a job about something I was passionate about, it would never really feel like work.\\\"\\n\\\"We don't have that kind of money.\\\" \\\"We could find ways to make money so I could get training and go to perform. We could do bake sales, and car washes, and I could take small singing jobs in town.\\\"\\n2. Training and Getting Experience\\n2-1. Find a teacher.\\nYou will need a trainer or mentor to help you learn the correct habits to take care of your vocal chords so that you don't accidentally damage them. They can help you decide what songs to sing, teach you scales and the basics of music, and give you private lessons to identify your areas of weakness and strength.\\nTo find a teacher, you can look online to websites like ClassicalSinger.com or NATS.org which host searchable directories as well as magazines, online communities, your music teacher at school, or the parents of any friends who are also taking voice lessons.\\nYour teacher does not have to be accredited, a professional singer, or cool. Instead, look at a teacher's history and see how their students have fared.\\nEven if you believe that you have not and will never injure your voice, there may be tiny things you do that you are unaware of that could have serious consequences later. A teacher can identify and stop you from doing those things so that you can have a long and successful career.\\n2-2. Learn and practice.\\nWhile there are some people who brag about teaching themselves and not knowing about the mechanics, if you want a career in music, then you will need to understand notes, melody, harmony, keys, scales, measures, beats, majors, and minors as well as many, many other things. While this may feel daunting at first, it is necessary so that you can both improve yourself to stand out from the competition as well as to show other people that you are serious.\\nConsider songs as mini plays where you, the singer, are playing a part. Ask yourself who you're supposed to be, why you're singing, how you're supposed to feel, and who you're singing to.\\nYou will need to spend many hours practicing the basics likes scales both at home and in your lessons.\\n2-3. Participate in school plays and church choirs.\\nYou should try to make yourself known locally. School plays with singing parts and solos in your school or church choir are a great, free way to try to seek the spotlight that contribute to your community. Have someone record your performance to distribute it online to family, friends, and social media followers later.\\n2-4. Audition for singing opportunities.\\nIf you feel ready for bigger audiences, auditioning for a broadcasted TV show like America's Got Talent is one way of getting your name and face out there. There are also national and local casting calls going on all the time. Try 2016auditions.com, kidscasting.com, and castingcallhub.com for roles involving singing and dancing. There are also prestigious regional competitions for singers that you can find more information about at NATS.org.\\nWhen you show up to audition, be sure to be dressed nicely, have your song materials preselected, be aware of what you're auditioning for (especially if it is a musical play with a story and specific songs), and be sure to have a good attitude.\\nAuditioning is a skill itself: you will probably need to audition many times to learn what kinds of questions and suggestions you will receive, as well as how to handle yourself. Don't be discouraged if you don't get the role the first, second, or even tenth time.\\n2-5. Take singing jobs.\\nEspecially if you're looking for work as a singer-songwriter or singing as a pop star, try looking for local places like coffee houses and restaurants that hire singers for live entertainment. This will help get your name and face out there to get more and bigger jobs. It will also help you all to recover costs for training and advertising.\\nUse websites like Craigslist, Gigsalad, Backstage.com, YapTracker, and ReverbNation to find singing jobs that you can take. Some, but not all, of these are free to use.\\nSome jobs, often called \\\"gigs,\\\" will help you to build a fanbase but don't pay well, like playing at a friend's house for a birthday party, and others will pay well but not build you much of a fanbase, like singing for a wedding. Many gigs call in between as well. Try to consider what your goals are with taking a job: is it most important to make more fans, or to be paid well, or have you reached the point that you should aim for both?\\nBe prepared to be persistent. Some places will not agree to book you the first, second, or even ninth time you call!\\nBe careful when accepting jobs: have your parents or a legal guardian look at the job posting with you and contact the individual hosting it for you. These are people that you do not know, and it is important that even if you are eager to start making a name for yourself that you be safe.\\n3. Making Yourself Visible to the Music Industry\\n3-1. Identify the labels or organizations you want to pursue.\\nThere are a lot of different organizations in the music industry today: aside from the opera and musical theaters like Broadway, there are record labels. Record labels, or record companies, are responsible for marketing, coordinating the production, manufacturing, and distributing music. There are three major labels (Universal, Sony, and Warner) as well as many sublabels,vanity labels, and independent labels. You will need to find out who produces the kind of music you want to make and find out who the executives and producers for that company are, as well as whether or not they accept demos and what their guidelines are.\\n3-2. Use social media to advertise yourself.\\nMany aspiring artists use platforms such as YouTube and Facebook to post videos of themselves singing to get their name and face out to the world. Hundreds to millions of people can be aware of you with just a click of the button; ask your friends and family to help you get a start by liking and sharing your work on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Other places where you can distribute or advertise your music include Reddit music, Last.FM, and Spotify.\\n3-3. Build relationships in the music community.\\nA lot of people use popular blogs like Pitchfork, Stereogum, DatPiff, and the A.V. Club to find new artists to follow. These bloggers usually have a listed contact email. Send them your music or a link to your social media. Once you've figured out which labels you want to join, find and add them on Facebook and Twitter; if you found the names of their employees, add them too. Try talking with them daily to make them notice you.\\nIf any of the labels or their employees or bloggers happen to be local, try calling them, scheduling a meeting with them, and building a more personable relationship with them.\\n3-4. Invest in a professional website.\\nTake the next step to look professional and invest in a .com name with your band or artist name. Be sure to be certain that all of the graphics, logos, and pictures of yourself are professional quality. To keep it affordable, try posting yourself to websites like 99designs.com and Crowdspring.com, where aspiring designers can submit potential designs to you for a price you've already set.\\nYour parents may be initially reluctant to invest in a website and professional designing. Search for \\\"cheap web hosting\\\" or \\\"cheap web domains\\\" to try to find options they might be less reserved about. Explain to them why it's important that you have a professional image, and maybe even frame it in a way they can relate to, like, \\\"When you look for someone to come do a job for you, don't you feel better when you see that they have a nice looking website with information that's neatly maintained,\\\" or \\\"When you buy products, do nice colors and good packaging appeal to you? Would you want to buy something ugly? What I'm doing is a service, and I want people to buy my music someday. I want record companies to buy my image.\\\"\\nIf your parents are still concerned about the costs involved, you can try making a GoFundMe, a Kickstarter, or a Patreon for you to have some more sustainable income to reach your goals.\\n3-5. Seek talent scouts.\\nA talent scout is a person whose job it is to find untapped talent in the world and help them get work. They can help you find auditions, jobs, and get your name to a record label. You can find searchable directories for talent agents at both Backstage.com and Laauditions.com. You may also find their profiles on Facebook and LinkedIn.\\nWhen contacting a talent scout, send a packet with your headshot, resume, and a cover letter. You will likely need your parents' help.\\nMake sure the resume is as short and well-summarized as possible, but include details like special talents, teachers, and specific training you've received.\\nMake sure if you include personal references they will speak well about you.\\nFollow up with an agency after sending in a submission.\\nIf you get into a showcase seeking representation, ask around to find out who present is already represented and by whom.\\nBe careful to only work with reputable people and to avoid scams. Watch out for people who make big promises, rush casting calls and immediate auditions, promise extremely high pay or say there's no experience needed, casting calls on Craigslist supposedly made by large agencies, those not looking for specific types or ages, or anyone hiding their identity. Beware of agencies that ask you to pay up front for representation, shopping mall auditions, highway billboards, or TV or print ads--instead, you'll find specific information on their individual websites detailing how to submit yourself for consideration.\\n4. Signing with a Record Label\\n4-1. Make a demo.\\nAlthough this particular step can be challenging, once you have the training to do so, you should try making your own music. In order to submit material to a label, you need to have content to display to them, but generally speaking it needs to be material that is unpublished, completely original, and uncopyrighted.\\nYour demo should have no more than three tracks to it.\\n4-2. Get feedback.\\nYou need to get constructive criticism on how your demo has turned out once it's completed. You need to find out if the sound is good, what can be improved, and get advice on how to go about that. Family, friends, and fans are not good sources because they want to be supportive and not hurt your feelings. You should instead seek to have your mentors, teachers, and any industry connections you have listen to your music and tell you their honest thoughts.\\nYou do not have to change everything that is suggested to you, but multiple people pointing to the same thing(s) is a sign that something really does need to be changed.\\nDo not take people's criticism personally. It is not an attack on you, or to say that you are untalented or unskilled. If anything, people who offer you truthful advice are doing so with the intention of help you be the best you can.\\n4-3. Polish your sound.\\nAfter you've received your criticism, it's time to make the changes that you agree need to be made. You also have to polish things by mixing and mastering your music. The idea here is that you want it to be as professional sounding as possible.\\n4-4. Understand how labels work.\\nIf you really want to be signed by a record label, then you have to understand how they work. These are businesses, and they have to make money to cover costs; the bigger a fanbase, the better your music, and the more dedication and marketing you've already put into yourself, the more certain they will feel that you are someone they can make money off of signing. Good labels receive dozens if not hundreds of demos all the time. In order to stand out, you need to find a way to be truly unique and catch or have a lot of attention already.\\nSome labels will not even accept submissions unless the artist is already entirely self sufficient.\\nIt is because of how difficult it is to get noticed and accepted by a label that it is extremely important that you follow as many of the steps in Making Yourself Visible as possible.\\n4-5. Submit your demo.\\nPick five labels to send your demo to, but only send it to one label at a time. Send your demo to the appropriate demo submission email address, or a contact at the label that you have hopefully developed a good relationship with. You will need to upload the tracks to either Dropbox or Soundcloud first and make sure they are set to private so that only the person you have sent the link to can listen to them. Make sure that your email is short, to the point, and polite.\\nIf you don't hear back from them after a week, send a follow up email to ask them if they have received your email and had a chance to listen to your music. Remember to always be polite. For every week you don't hear back, you can send another email.\\nIf you haven't heard back after a month, or they say no, it's time to move onto the next label.\\n4-6. Sign a contract.\\nIf the label decides that you have the sound and presence that they're looking for, they'll contact you with more information about drafting up a contract. Although it might be tempting to sign one right away so that you can begin reaping the rewards of all your hard work so far, be careful. Record deals have a reputation for being very limiting for the artist, so you'll want to be sure you have your parents and maybe even a lawyer involved in reviewing and negotiating the contract.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As stars like Michael Jackson, Judy Garland, and Nick Carter have shown, it's never too early to start a career in music if you have the desire. Trying to figure out how to become a star instead of an ordinary person, however, can feel like trying to get from Albuquerque to New York without a map. However, by convincing your parents, training and getting experience, making yourself visible to the music industry, and signing with a record label, you too can become a successful singer at a young age.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Convincing Your Parents\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Face the reality.\", \"描述\": \"It is not easy to get involved in the music world, even for children. It's roughly estimated that it takes 10,000 hours of practicing to become truly proficient in a skill, and singing is no exception. This will probably mean sacrificing a lot of time doing other things, like hanging out with friends, playing video games, and pursuing other hobbies. So you have to really ask and decide for yourself if you really want to make this commitment.\\nYou will probably face a lot of competition and roadblocks.\\nEven after you become successful, you may not see a lot of profit at first, and there will likely continue to be a lot of work involved, like signing autographs for hours, traveling for tours, having to write and rewrite melodies and lyrics, long nights at the studio, etc. Although it is a very glamorous and rewarding job, it is not always easy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research a child singer.\", \"描述\": \"You should find out more information about what other modern child singers' experiences have been like in order to understand what the process is like, and how long it will be like. You will also want to start researching to see what kind of music you want to sing.\\nPick a particular person you admire, like Aaron Carter or Charlotte Church. Use a search engine like Google, Bing, or Yahoo to find interviews and articles written about their careers. Try search terms like \\\"Name Interview,\\\" \\\"Name on Success,\\\" or \\\"Name music industry.\\\"\\nTry finding the artist's Wikipedia page by searching for them at Wikipedia or any search engine. Scroll to the bottom and look in the \\\"References\\\" section for articles hosted online for interviews and other articles about their career history.\\nGo to your local library and ask a librarian for help finding more information about the music industry and child singers; they should be able to help you locate biographies and autobiographies for current and past famous individuals.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research music genres.\", \"描述\": \"Maybe you already think you know what style of music you want to sing, or maybe you have no clue, but you should make sure you know which genre you want to pursue. It would be a waste of time and energy to think you want to be a country singer only to realize three years into training that you want to sing in the opera some day. Research all kinds of different artists and genres of music by listening to them to discover what you like, and what sounds you think you can envision your voice contributing to.\\nTry web services like Last.fm or Musicovery to build your own radio station that features songs that match your taste or mood.\\nTry Earbits Radio's web service or surfing your local radio stations on a car radio for different music genres.\\nAsk your parents and grandparents to introduce you to music they enjoy; it's probably very different than what you and your friends like to listen to.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Define for yourself what \\\"successful\\\" means.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"Successful\\\" is a really vague word, and it could mean a lot of things, especially in today's day and age where there are many paths to choose from. Do you want to be an internet sensation? Do you want to sign onto a record label and perform all over the country? Do you want to star in Broadway or go onto a career in the opera someday? The answers to these questions will determine the kind of training you will need to pursue.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Understand why you need your family's support.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to being time-demanding, in order to pursue this career you will need money. There will be things you need to purchase and invest in along the way like training, equipment, and clothes. It will also be emotionally demanding, since you may have to face rejection, criticism, and other difficulties. There are also things that you may not be able to do for yourself as a minor, like driving yourself to auditions or signing legal paperwork. You are going to need the support of your parents or legal guardians in order to pursue this career.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Come up with a convincing argument.\", \"描述\": \"Because becoming a singer will be a lot of work for both you and your parents, you need to show them you have put a lot of thought into this decision despite your young age. If you simply say, \\\"I think it will be a lot of fun,\\\" they may come up with counter arguments like, \\\"But do you know how much time and energy this will take?\\\" You will need to use the research you did before to prove to them you know what you're talking about.\\nTry treating this like writing a persuasive essay. If you can think of all of the bad reasons someone could come up with, then you can think of good reasons and arguments to oppose those bad reasons. Be sure to back it up with facts when possible. So, if your parents say \\\"You won't be able to spend time with your friends,\\\" you can say, \\\"I can join the school or church choir and make friends that share my passion for singing.\\\"\\nRehearse your argument to yourself. You will want to make sure you remember your points for when you have a discussion with them.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Have a discussion with your parents.\", \"描述\": \"Having done the research already, you should now be ready to tell your parents how you feel. Remember to stay calm and in control even if they are initially resistant. Instead, continue to maturely show them you're interested by looking into joining a church or school choir, singing whenever you have the opportunity, even casually, and occasionally trying to have more conversations with them about it. Some arguments could go like this:\\n\\\"I don't think that's a good idea. You need to go to school.\\\" \\\"I can still go to school. I would do all of my practice after school, and any performances would be on the weekends. If I got famous and I had to quit public school, I could get private teachers or do long distance learning through computers.\\\"\\n\\\"You won't enjoy it. It's a lot of work.\\\" \\\"I know it's a lot of work. I did a lot of research on what Michael Jackson and Hillary Duff have been through for their singing careers. But, I really believe that I can do this, especially if you'll help keep me on track.\\\"\\n\\\"Wouldn't you rather just keep singing a hobby that you love?\\\" \\\"People say that you should love what you do. I think that if I had a job about something I was passionate about, it would never really feel like work.\\\"\\n\\\"We don't have that kind of money.\\\" \\\"We could find ways to make money so I could get training and go to perform. We could do bake sales, and car washes, and I could take small singing jobs in town.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training and Getting Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a teacher.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a trainer or mentor to help you learn the correct habits to take care of your vocal chords so that you don't accidentally damage them. They can help you decide what songs to sing, teach you scales and the basics of music, and give you private lessons to identify your areas of weakness and strength.\\nTo find a teacher, you can look online to websites like ClassicalSinger.com or NATS.org which host searchable directories as well as magazines, online communities, your music teacher at school, or the parents of any friends who are also taking voice lessons.\\nYour teacher does not have to be accredited, a professional singer, or cool. Instead, look at a teacher's history and see how their students have fared.\\nEven if you believe that you have not and will never injure your voice, there may be tiny things you do that you are unaware of that could have serious consequences later. A teacher can identify and stop you from doing those things so that you can have a long and successful career.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn and practice.\", \"描述\": \"While there are some people who brag about teaching themselves and not knowing about the mechanics, if you want a career in music, then you will need to understand notes, melody, harmony, keys, scales, measures, beats, majors, and minors as well as many, many other things. While this may feel daunting at first, it is necessary so that you can both improve yourself to stand out from the competition as well as to show other people that you are serious.\\nConsider songs as mini plays where you, the singer, are playing a part. Ask yourself who you're supposed to be, why you're singing, how you're supposed to feel, and who you're singing to.\\nYou will need to spend many hours practicing the basics likes scales both at home and in your lessons.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in school plays and church choirs.\", \"描述\": \"You should try to make yourself known locally. School plays with singing parts and solos in your school or church choir are a great, free way to try to seek the spotlight that contribute to your community. Have someone record your performance to distribute it online to family, friends, and social media followers later.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Audition for singing opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel ready for bigger audiences, auditioning for a broadcasted TV show like America's Got Talent is one way of getting your name and face out there. There are also national and local casting calls going on all the time. Try 2016auditions.com, kidscasting.com, and castingcallhub.com for roles involving singing and dancing. There are also prestigious regional competitions for singers that you can find more information about at NATS.org.\\nWhen you show up to audition, be sure to be dressed nicely, have your song materials preselected, be aware of what you're auditioning for (especially if it is a musical play with a story and specific songs), and be sure to have a good attitude.\\nAuditioning is a skill itself: you will probably need to audition many times to learn what kinds of questions and suggestions you will receive, as well as how to handle yourself. Don't be discouraged if you don't get the role the first, second, or even tenth time.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take singing jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Especially if you're looking for work as a singer-songwriter or singing as a pop star, try looking for local places like coffee houses and restaurants that hire singers for live entertainment. This will help get your name and face out there to get more and bigger jobs. It will also help you all to recover costs for training and advertising.\\nUse websites like Craigslist, Gigsalad, Backstage.com, YapTracker, and ReverbNation to find singing jobs that you can take. Some, but not all, of these are free to use.\\nSome jobs, often called \\\"gigs,\\\" will help you to build a fanbase but don't pay well, like playing at a friend's house for a birthday party, and others will pay well but not build you much of a fanbase, like singing for a wedding. Many gigs call in between as well. Try to consider what your goals are with taking a job: is it most important to make more fans, or to be paid well, or have you reached the point that you should aim for both?\\nBe prepared to be persistent. Some places will not agree to book you the first, second, or even ninth time you call!\\nBe careful when accepting jobs: have your parents or a legal guardian look at the job posting with you and contact the individual hosting it for you. These are people that you do not know, and it is important that even if you are eager to start making a name for yourself that you be safe.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making Yourself Visible to the Music Industry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify the labels or organizations you want to pursue.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of different organizations in the music industry today: aside from the opera and musical theaters like Broadway, there are record labels. Record labels, or record companies, are responsible for marketing, coordinating the production, manufacturing, and distributing music. There are three major labels (Universal, Sony, and Warner) as well as many sublabels,vanity labels, and independent labels. You will need to find out who produces the kind of music you want to make and find out who the executives and producers for that company are, as well as whether or not they accept demos and what their guidelines are.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use social media to advertise yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Many aspiring artists use platforms such as YouTube and Facebook to post videos of themselves singing to get their name and face out to the world. Hundreds to millions of people can be aware of you with just a click of the button; ask your friends and family to help you get a start by liking and sharing your work on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Other places where you can distribute or advertise your music include Reddit music, Last.FM, and Spotify.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build relationships in the music community.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of people use popular blogs like Pitchfork, Stereogum, DatPiff, and the A.V. Club to find new artists to follow. These bloggers usually have a listed contact email. Send them your music or a link to your social media. Once you've figured out which labels you want to join, find and add them on Facebook and Twitter; if you found the names of their employees, add them too. Try talking with them daily to make them notice you.\\nIf any of the labels or their employees or bloggers happen to be local, try calling them, scheduling a meeting with them, and building a more personable relationship with them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Invest in a professional website.\", \"描述\": \"Take the next step to look professional and invest in a .com name with your band or artist name. Be sure to be certain that all of the graphics, logos, and pictures of yourself are professional quality. To keep it affordable, try posting yourself to websites like 99designs.com and Crowdspring.com, where aspiring designers can submit potential designs to you for a price you've already set.\\nYour parents may be initially reluctant to invest in a website and professional designing. Search for \\\"cheap web hosting\\\" or \\\"cheap web domains\\\" to try to find options they might be less reserved about. Explain to them why it's important that you have a professional image, and maybe even frame it in a way they can relate to, like, \\\"When you look for someone to come do a job for you, don't you feel better when you see that they have a nice looking website with information that's neatly maintained,\\\" or \\\"When you buy products, do nice colors and good packaging appeal to you? Would you want to buy something ugly? What I'm doing is a service, and I want people to buy my music someday. I want record companies to buy my image.\\\"\\nIf your parents are still concerned about the costs involved, you can try making a GoFundMe, a Kickstarter, or a Patreon for you to have some more sustainable income to reach your goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek talent scouts.\", \"描述\": \"A talent scout is a person whose job it is to find untapped talent in the world and help them get work. They can help you find auditions, jobs, and get your name to a record label. You can find searchable directories for talent agents at both Backstage.com and Laauditions.com. You may also find their profiles on Facebook and LinkedIn.\\nWhen contacting a talent scout, send a packet with your headshot, resume, and a cover letter. You will likely need your parents' help.\\nMake sure the resume is as short and well-summarized as possible, but include details like special talents, teachers, and specific training you've received.\\nMake sure if you include personal references they will speak well about you.\\nFollow up with an agency after sending in a submission.\\nIf you get into a showcase seeking representation, ask around to find out who present is already represented and by whom.\\nBe careful to only work with reputable people and to avoid scams. Watch out for people who make big promises, rush casting calls and immediate auditions, promise extremely high pay or say there's no experience needed, casting calls on Craigslist supposedly made by large agencies, those not looking for specific types or ages, or anyone hiding their identity. Beware of agencies that ask you to pay up front for representation, shopping mall auditions, highway billboards, or TV or print ads--instead, you'll find specific information on their individual websites detailing how to submit yourself for consideration.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Signing with a Record Label\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a demo.\", \"描述\": \"Although this particular step can be challenging, once you have the training to do so, you should try making your own music. In order to submit material to a label, you need to have content to display to them, but generally speaking it needs to be material that is unpublished, completely original, and uncopyrighted.\\nYour demo should have no more than three tracks to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get feedback.\", \"描述\": \"You need to get constructive criticism on how your demo has turned out once it's completed. You need to find out if the sound is good, what can be improved, and get advice on how to go about that. Family, friends, and fans are not good sources because they want to be supportive and not hurt your feelings. You should instead seek to have your mentors, teachers, and any industry connections you have listen to your music and tell you their honest thoughts.\\nYou do not have to change everything that is suggested to you, but multiple people pointing to the same thing(s) is a sign that something really does need to be changed.\\nDo not take people's criticism personally. It is not an attack on you, or to say that you are untalented or unskilled. If anything, people who offer you truthful advice are doing so with the intention of help you be the best you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Polish your sound.\", \"描述\": \"After you've received your criticism, it's time to make the changes that you agree need to be made. You also have to polish things by mixing and mastering your music. The idea here is that you want it to be as professional sounding as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understand how labels work.\", \"描述\": \"If you really want to be signed by a record label, then you have to understand how they work. These are businesses, and they have to make money to cover costs; the bigger a fanbase, the better your music, and the more dedication and marketing you've already put into yourself, the more certain they will feel that you are someone they can make money off of signing. Good labels receive dozens if not hundreds of demos all the time. In order to stand out, you need to find a way to be truly unique and catch or have a lot of attention already.\\nSome labels will not even accept submissions unless the artist is already entirely self sufficient.\\nIt is because of how difficult it is to get noticed and accepted by a label that it is extremely important that you follow as many of the steps in Making Yourself Visible as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit your demo.\", \"描述\": \"Pick five labels to send your demo to, but only send it to one label at a time. Send your demo to the appropriate demo submission email address, or a contact at the label that you have hopefully developed a good relationship with. You will need to upload the tracks to either Dropbox or Soundcloud first and make sure they are set to private so that only the person you have sent the link to can listen to them. Make sure that your email is short, to the point, and polite.\\nIf you don't hear back from them after a week, send a follow up email to ask them if they have received your email and had a chance to listen to your music. Remember to always be polite. For every week you don't hear back, you can send another email.\\nIf you haven't heard back after a month, or they say no, it's time to move onto the next label.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sign a contract.\", \"描述\": \"If the label decides that you have the sound and presence that they're looking for, they'll contact you with more information about drafting up a contract. Although it might be tempting to sign one right away so that you can begin reaping the rewards of all your hard work so far, be careful. Record deals have a reputation for being very limiting for the artist, so you'll want to be sure you have your parents and maybe even a lawyer involved in reviewing and negotiating the contract.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,270 |
How to Become a Christian According to the Bible
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1. Having Christian Beliefs
1-1. Believe that there is one God, the Father.
The first commandment in the Bible states that “You shall have no other gods before me.” Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which means that you can only worship one God, the Father. God is the Father of Jesus, and according to the Bible, He created the universe and preserves all things.
The Bible explains that God appears in many forms and has power beyond what any human could understand. Believing in the power of a singular God’s is one of the most important parts of Christianity.
1-2. Recognize Jesus as the Son of God, sent to save humanity from original sin.
Read the story of the original sin, which is the first story in the Book of Genesis, and then read the many stories of the life of Jesus in the Gospels. According to these accounts, God sent his only Son, Jesus, to the world so that he could suffer and die on the cross to absolve humanity of original sin.
The general plot of this story is that Adam and Eve succumb to temptation and commit “original sin” in the Garden of Eden, which guarantees that all humans will be born having sinned. This means that they would not have been able to get into heaven without Jesus’ death and acceptance into heaven.
The Book of Romans states that “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us."
1-3. Acknowledge the Holy Trinity as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Know that in the Bible, God is made of 3 parts, including the human form of Jesus, and the metaphysical form of the Holy Spirit, which are considered the Holy Trinity. Like a triangle, which must have 3 sides to exist, God is all 3 parts of the Trinity at once, and he uses the various “sides” of Himself to accomplish His goals.
The Book of John explains that “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” In this quote, Jesus is considered “the Word” because he came to Earth to spread the word of God.
1-4. Conclude that there is life after earthly death.
When a Christian person dies on Earth, they are welcomed into Heaven for an eternal afterlife at the hand of God. Read about this in Romans, which states "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." While no one is sure what this afterlife looks like, recognize that spiritual experiences on Earth can help you understand it more.
If you have questions about the afterlife, talk to a pastor or spiritual guide about your concerns or thoughts. This can help you lead a life that will ensure your acceptance into Heaven.
1-5. Trust that your beliefs will lead to a strong relationship with God.
Be confident that your belief in Jesus as the Son of God guarantees that you can have a personal relationship with God. Know that God accepts and forgives you because you believe that Jesus suffered and died on the cross for your salvation.
This concept is known as the “justification of faith,” and serves as the foundation for a positive relationship with God that allows for personal growth and understanding.
In Proverbs, the Bible states that followers should “Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding.” This encourages Christians to believe that their relationship with God is strong and that He will guide them, even if they don’t understand His power.
2. Joining the Christian Faith
2-1. Study the Bible
Read the Bible in parts, and take time to understand the stories, symbolism, and implications of each section. Pay special attention to the Gospels, which tell the story of Jesus’ life and death and teach Christians how to act in his likeness. For Christians, it's important to acknowledge that the Bible has been inspired by God’s word, and says exactly what He wants it to say.
The Gospels, which were written by the Apostles of Jesus, tell the story of his life and death from each of their accounts. Many people read the Books of Matthew and John first to get a general sense of the stories of Jesus’ life and his teachings.
If you’re having trouble deciding which parts of the Bible to read, talk to your pastor or spiritual guide to get recommendations on where to start.
Keep in mind that all parts of the Bible are important, but some sections are more accessible for new Christians.
2-2. Repent by changing your behaviors to accept God into your life.
Repenting is simply the act of “turning away” from your old life and wrongdoings, and starting a new life that’s led by God. Figure out what it means in your mind to honor and live according to Jesus’ teachings, and do your best to live up to these standards every day.
Repenting may sound scary, but it’s simply the act of beginning your new life with your faith and beliefs in mind.
2-3. Confess your sins
When you first become a Christian, the Bible states that you should pronounce your previous sins. Do this by scheduling a meeting with a pastor or spiritual guide, or hold a meeting with a small group of Christians who you trust. At the meeting, talk honestly about how you have done wrong in the past, and try to make amends as much as possible.
Some forms of Christianity, like Catholicism, require that you meet privately with a priest in a confessional to discuss your sins and receive a penance to make amends. This is a formal event to be completed during your acceptance into the Church, and you can ask your priest for more information about when and how you will do it.
2-4. Get baptized
Once you have studied the Bible, repented, and confessed your sins, you are “baptized” by being submerged in a body of water for a short moment. Before your baptism, consider how this symbolizes your connection with Jesus and represents your acceptance into a singular body of believers. At your baptism, profess your faith and follow the pastor or spiritual leader’s directions for the ceremony.
In the Book of Matthew, the Bible states that Jesus commands his followers to “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.”
3. Following Your Faith
3-1. Communicate with God through prayer.
Set aside time each day to speak directly to God out loud or through your thoughts. Thank Him for his love and guidance, tell Him about your struggles, triumphs, and worries, and ask Him for continued strength. Most people choose to do this in a quiet space, like their bedroom in the morning or evening. You might opt to visit a chapel or other quiet place to pray.
Your prayers can be as short or long as you’d like. Remember that your relationship with God is within your control.
For instance, if you’ve had a good day, you could say something like “Holy Father, today was a wonderful day, and I’m so thankful for your blessings. Through the church, I was able to volunteer at a homeless shelter, and I also made a new friend at school. Thank you again for your guidance, and I hope tomorrow is just as good. Amen.”
If you’ve had a hard day, you can pray by saying something like, “Holy Father, I’ve been struggling lately with my decision to switch careers. I’m worried that I’ve made the wrong decision since I haven’t had any job offers yet. Please give me the strength to continue on my path, and help me to realize my purpose in life. Amen.”
3-2. Act and speak with Jesus’ teachings in mind.
Once you’ve read about Jesus’ life on Earth, make a conscious effort to “act in his image,” which means to live in the way He would want you to. Try to be calm, patient, kind, and thoughtful toward yourself and others every day. In general, aim to treat others as you would want to be treated, which is known as the “Golden Rule.”
If you find yourself struggling with this, you might find it helpful to stop and ask yourself “What would Jesus do?” in a particularly difficult situation.
For example, one way that you could act in Jesus’ image is by volunteering your time to help out in your community. Jesus exhibited how helping others who are struggling will strengthen your relationship with God.
3-3. Join a church of people who have the same beliefs and morals.
Many people find it helpful to belong to a church that has a weekly worship schedule where they can learn more about Jesus’ teachings an pray in a group. Visit a few different churches, and attend local Bible studies to find a group of people who make you feel comfortable and welcomed.
If you want to find a church near you, try searching the name of the denomination online and the words “near me.” Visit the church’s official website to learn more about what they believe, and attend a service to see if you feel comfortable.
3-4. Talk to others about your positive relationship with God.
Share your relationship with God and its positive effects with people who are important to you. Talking about your religious experience is an important aspect of Christianity because followers are encouraged to spread the Word of God as much as possible.
While it’s good to share your experiences, remember to respect other people’s boundaries and wishes. If they aren’t interested in Christianity, tell them that you understand and change the subject.
3-5. Resist the temptation to sin
When you find yourself in a situation that may lead to sin, turn to your faith to guide you. Ask yourself what Jesus taught, and remove yourself from situations that might cause you to sin. If you do sin, accept what you did, and take time to confess your wrongdoing to God and ask for forgiveness.
Throughout your life as a Christian, you will learn to accept that you will sin. The most important part is how you handle it, accepting that you did wrong, and aiming to do better. Remember that God’s forgiveness is eternal as long as you truly are sorry.
Tips
The process of becoming an “official” Christian in the eyes of some denominations, like Catholicism, can be lengthy. Be prepared to go to classes and study as if you were in school.
Keep an open mind throughout your journey into Christianity. Remember that people of all religions can be both good and bad, and one bad Christian doesn’t represent the entire religion.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Having Christian Beliefs\\n1-1. Believe that there is one God, the Father.\\nThe first commandment in the Bible states that “You shall have no other gods before me.” Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which means that you can only worship one God, the Father. God is the Father of Jesus, and according to the Bible, He created the universe and preserves all things.\\nThe Bible explains that God appears in many forms and has power beyond what any human could understand. Believing in the power of a singular God’s is one of the most important parts of Christianity.\\n1-2. Recognize Jesus as the Son of God, sent to save humanity from original sin.\\nRead the story of the original sin, which is the first story in the Book of Genesis, and then read the many stories of the life of Jesus in the Gospels. According to these accounts, God sent his only Son, Jesus, to the world so that he could suffer and die on the cross to absolve humanity of original sin.\\nThe general plot of this story is that Adam and Eve succumb to temptation and commit “original sin” in the Garden of Eden, which guarantees that all humans will be born having sinned. This means that they would not have been able to get into heaven without Jesus’ death and acceptance into heaven.\\nThe Book of Romans states that “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.\\\"\\n1-3. Acknowledge the Holy Trinity as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.\\nKnow that in the Bible, God is made of 3 parts, including the human form of Jesus, and the metaphysical form of the Holy Spirit, which are considered the Holy Trinity. Like a triangle, which must have 3 sides to exist, God is all 3 parts of the Trinity at once, and he uses the various “sides” of Himself to accomplish His goals.\\nThe Book of John explains that “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” In this quote, Jesus is considered “the Word” because he came to Earth to spread the word of God.\\n1-4. Conclude that there is life after earthly death.\\nWhen a Christian person dies on Earth, they are welcomed into Heaven for an eternal afterlife at the hand of God. Read about this in Romans, which states \\\"For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.\\\" While no one is sure what this afterlife looks like, recognize that spiritual experiences on Earth can help you understand it more.\\nIf you have questions about the afterlife, talk to a pastor or spiritual guide about your concerns or thoughts. This can help you lead a life that will ensure your acceptance into Heaven.\\n1-5. Trust that your beliefs will lead to a strong relationship with God.\\nBe confident that your belief in Jesus as the Son of God guarantees that you can have a personal relationship with God. Know that God accepts and forgives you because you believe that Jesus suffered and died on the cross for your salvation.\\nThis concept is known as the “justification of faith,” and serves as the foundation for a positive relationship with God that allows for personal growth and understanding.\\nIn Proverbs, the Bible states that followers should “Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding.” This encourages Christians to believe that their relationship with God is strong and that He will guide them, even if they don’t understand His power.\\n2. Joining the Christian Faith\\n2-1. Study the Bible\\nRead the Bible in parts, and take time to understand the stories, symbolism, and implications of each section. Pay special attention to the Gospels, which tell the story of Jesus’ life and death and teach Christians how to act in his likeness. For Christians, it's important to acknowledge that the Bible has been inspired by God’s word, and says exactly what He wants it to say.\\nThe Gospels, which were written by the Apostles of Jesus, tell the story of his life and death from each of their accounts. Many people read the Books of Matthew and John first to get a general sense of the stories of Jesus’ life and his teachings.\\nIf you’re having trouble deciding which parts of the Bible to read, talk to your pastor or spiritual guide to get recommendations on where to start.\\nKeep in mind that all parts of the Bible are important, but some sections are more accessible for new Christians.\\n2-2. Repent by changing your behaviors to accept God into your life.\\nRepenting is simply the act of “turning away” from your old life and wrongdoings, and starting a new life that’s led by God. Figure out what it means in your mind to honor and live according to Jesus’ teachings, and do your best to live up to these standards every day.\\nRepenting may sound scary, but it’s simply the act of beginning your new life with your faith and beliefs in mind.\\n2-3. Confess your sins\\nWhen you first become a Christian, the Bible states that you should pronounce your previous sins. Do this by scheduling a meeting with a pastor or spiritual guide, or hold a meeting with a small group of Christians who you trust. At the meeting, talk honestly about how you have done wrong in the past, and try to make amends as much as possible.\\nSome forms of Christianity, like Catholicism, require that you meet privately with a priest in a confessional to discuss your sins and receive a penance to make amends. This is a formal event to be completed during your acceptance into the Church, and you can ask your priest for more information about when and how you will do it.\\n2-4. Get baptized\\nOnce you have studied the Bible, repented, and confessed your sins, you are “baptized” by being submerged in a body of water for a short moment. Before your baptism, consider how this symbolizes your connection with Jesus and represents your acceptance into a singular body of believers. At your baptism, profess your faith and follow the pastor or spiritual leader’s directions for the ceremony.\\nIn the Book of Matthew, the Bible states that Jesus commands his followers to “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.”\\n3. Following Your Faith\\n3-1. Communicate with God through prayer.\\nSet aside time each day to speak directly to God out loud or through your thoughts. Thank Him for his love and guidance, tell Him about your struggles, triumphs, and worries, and ask Him for continued strength. Most people choose to do this in a quiet space, like their bedroom in the morning or evening. You might opt to visit a chapel or other quiet place to pray.\\nYour prayers can be as short or long as you’d like. Remember that your relationship with God is within your control.\\nFor instance, if you’ve had a good day, you could say something like “Holy Father, today was a wonderful day, and I’m so thankful for your blessings. Through the church, I was able to volunteer at a homeless shelter, and I also made a new friend at school. Thank you again for your guidance, and I hope tomorrow is just as good. Amen.”\\nIf you’ve had a hard day, you can pray by saying something like, “Holy Father, I’ve been struggling lately with my decision to switch careers. I’m worried that I’ve made the wrong decision since I haven’t had any job offers yet. Please give me the strength to continue on my path, and help me to realize my purpose in life. Amen.”\\n3-2. Act and speak with Jesus’ teachings in mind.\\nOnce you’ve read about Jesus’ life on Earth, make a conscious effort to “act in his image,” which means to live in the way He would want you to. Try to be calm, patient, kind, and thoughtful toward yourself and others every day. In general, aim to treat others as you would want to be treated, which is known as the “Golden Rule.”\\nIf you find yourself struggling with this, you might find it helpful to stop and ask yourself “What would Jesus do?” in a particularly difficult situation.\\nFor example, one way that you could act in Jesus’ image is by volunteering your time to help out in your community. Jesus exhibited how helping others who are struggling will strengthen your relationship with God.\\n3-3. Join a church of people who have the same beliefs and morals.\\nMany people find it helpful to belong to a church that has a weekly worship schedule where they can learn more about Jesus’ teachings an pray in a group. Visit a few different churches, and attend local Bible studies to find a group of people who make you feel comfortable and welcomed.\\nIf you want to find a church near you, try searching the name of the denomination online and the words “near me.” Visit the church’s official website to learn more about what they believe, and attend a service to see if you feel comfortable.\\n3-4. Talk to others about your positive relationship with God.\\nShare your relationship with God and its positive effects with people who are important to you. Talking about your religious experience is an important aspect of Christianity because followers are encouraged to spread the Word of God as much as possible.\\nWhile it’s good to share your experiences, remember to respect other people’s boundaries and wishes. If they aren’t interested in Christianity, tell them that you understand and change the subject.\\n3-5. Resist the temptation to sin\\nWhen you find yourself in a situation that may lead to sin, turn to your faith to guide you. Ask yourself what Jesus taught, and remove yourself from situations that might cause you to sin. If you do sin, accept what you did, and take time to confess your wrongdoing to God and ask for forgiveness.\\nThroughout your life as a Christian, you will learn to accept that you will sin. The most important part is how you handle it, accepting that you did wrong, and aiming to do better. Remember that God’s forgiveness is eternal as long as you truly are sorry.\\nTips\\nThe process of becoming an “official” Christian in the eyes of some denominations, like Catholicism, can be lengthy. Be prepared to go to classes and study as if you were in school.\\nKeep an open mind throughout your journey into Christianity. Remember that people of all religions can be both good and bad, and one bad Christian doesn’t represent the entire religion.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Christianity is one of the most popular religions in the world because it provides a belief system that many people relate to. To become a Christian, you first have to understand the basics of Christianity. Then, you might choose to officially join a congregation through the process of baptism. No matter what you decide to do, if you become a Christian, you should commit to upholding the Christian faith every day through your actions and words.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Having Christian Beliefs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Believe that there is one God, the Father.\", \"描述\": \"The first commandment in the Bible states that “You shall have no other gods before me.” Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which means that you can only worship one God, the Father. God is the Father of Jesus, and according to the Bible, He created the universe and preserves all things.\\nThe Bible explains that God appears in many forms and has power beyond what any human could understand. Believing in the power of a singular God’s is one of the most important parts of Christianity.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Recognize Jesus as the Son of God, sent to save humanity from original sin.\", \"描述\": \"Read the story of the original sin, which is the first story in the Book of Genesis, and then read the many stories of the life of Jesus in the Gospels. According to these accounts, God sent his only Son, Jesus, to the world so that he could suffer and die on the cross to absolve humanity of original sin.\\nThe general plot of this story is that Adam and Eve succumb to temptation and commit “original sin” in the Garden of Eden, which guarantees that all humans will be born having sinned. This means that they would not have been able to get into heaven without Jesus’ death and acceptance into heaven.\\nThe Book of Romans states that “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acknowledge the Holy Trinity as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.\", \"描述\": \"Know that in the Bible, God is made of 3 parts, including the human form of Jesus, and the metaphysical form of the Holy Spirit, which are considered the Holy Trinity. Like a triangle, which must have 3 sides to exist, God is all 3 parts of the Trinity at once, and he uses the various “sides” of Himself to accomplish His goals.\\nThe Book of John explains that “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” In this quote, Jesus is considered “the Word” because he came to Earth to spread the word of God.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Conclude that there is life after earthly death.\", \"描述\": \"When a Christian person dies on Earth, they are welcomed into Heaven for an eternal afterlife at the hand of God. Read about this in Romans, which states \\\"For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.\\\" While no one is sure what this afterlife looks like, recognize that spiritual experiences on Earth can help you understand it more.\\nIf you have questions about the afterlife, talk to a pastor or spiritual guide about your concerns or thoughts. This can help you lead a life that will ensure your acceptance into Heaven.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Trust that your beliefs will lead to a strong relationship with God.\", \"描述\": \"Be confident that your belief in Jesus as the Son of God guarantees that you can have a personal relationship with God. Know that God accepts and forgives you because you believe that Jesus suffered and died on the cross for your salvation.\\nThis concept is known as the “justification of faith,” and serves as the foundation for a positive relationship with God that allows for personal growth and understanding.\\nIn Proverbs, the Bible states that followers should “Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding.” This encourages Christians to believe that their relationship with God is strong and that He will guide them, even if they don’t understand His power.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Joining the Christian Faith\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study the Bible\", \"描述\": \"Read the Bible in parts, and take time to understand the stories, symbolism, and implications of each section. Pay special attention to the Gospels, which tell the story of Jesus’ life and death and teach Christians how to act in his likeness. For Christians, it's important to acknowledge that the Bible has been inspired by God’s word, and says exactly what He wants it to say.\\nThe Gospels, which were written by the Apostles of Jesus, tell the story of his life and death from each of their accounts. Many people read the Books of Matthew and John first to get a general sense of the stories of Jesus’ life and his teachings.\\nIf you’re having trouble deciding which parts of the Bible to read, talk to your pastor or spiritual guide to get recommendations on where to start.\\nKeep in mind that all parts of the Bible are important, but some sections are more accessible for new Christians.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Repent by changing your behaviors to accept God into your life.\", \"描述\": \"Repenting is simply the act of “turning away” from your old life and wrongdoings, and starting a new life that’s led by God. Figure out what it means in your mind to honor and live according to Jesus’ teachings, and do your best to live up to these standards every day.\\nRepenting may sound scary, but it’s simply the act of beginning your new life with your faith and beliefs in mind.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Confess your sins\", \"描述\": \"When you first become a Christian, the Bible states that you should pronounce your previous sins. Do this by scheduling a meeting with a pastor or spiritual guide, or hold a meeting with a small group of Christians who you trust. At the meeting, talk honestly about how you have done wrong in the past, and try to make amends as much as possible.\\nSome forms of Christianity, like Catholicism, require that you meet privately with a priest in a confessional to discuss your sins and receive a penance to make amends. This is a formal event to be completed during your acceptance into the Church, and you can ask your priest for more information about when and how you will do it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get baptized\", \"描述\": \"Once you have studied the Bible, repented, and confessed your sins, you are “baptized” by being submerged in a body of water for a short moment. Before your baptism, consider how this symbolizes your connection with Jesus and represents your acceptance into a singular body of believers. At your baptism, profess your faith and follow the pastor or spiritual leader’s directions for the ceremony.\\nIn the Book of Matthew, the Bible states that Jesus commands his followers to “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Following Your Faith\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Communicate with God through prayer.\", \"描述\": \"Set aside time each day to speak directly to God out loud or through your thoughts. Thank Him for his love and guidance, tell Him about your struggles, triumphs, and worries, and ask Him for continued strength. Most people choose to do this in a quiet space, like their bedroom in the morning or evening. You might opt to visit a chapel or other quiet place to pray.\\nYour prayers can be as short or long as you’d like. Remember that your relationship with God is within your control.\\nFor instance, if you’ve had a good day, you could say something like “Holy Father, today was a wonderful day, and I’m so thankful for your blessings. Through the church, I was able to volunteer at a homeless shelter, and I also made a new friend at school. Thank you again for your guidance, and I hope tomorrow is just as good. Amen.”\\nIf you’ve had a hard day, you can pray by saying something like, “Holy Father, I’ve been struggling lately with my decision to switch careers. I’m worried that I’ve made the wrong decision since I haven’t had any job offers yet. Please give me the strength to continue on my path, and help me to realize my purpose in life. Amen.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Act and speak with Jesus’ teachings in mind.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve read about Jesus’ life on Earth, make a conscious effort to “act in his image,” which means to live in the way He would want you to. Try to be calm, patient, kind, and thoughtful toward yourself and others every day. In general, aim to treat others as you would want to be treated, which is known as the “Golden Rule.”\\nIf you find yourself struggling with this, you might find it helpful to stop and ask yourself “What would Jesus do?” in a particularly difficult situation.\\nFor example, one way that you could act in Jesus’ image is by volunteering your time to help out in your community. Jesus exhibited how helping others who are struggling will strengthen your relationship with God.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a church of people who have the same beliefs and morals.\", \"描述\": \"Many people find it helpful to belong to a church that has a weekly worship schedule where they can learn more about Jesus’ teachings an pray in a group. Visit a few different churches, and attend local Bible studies to find a group of people who make you feel comfortable and welcomed.\\nIf you want to find a church near you, try searching the name of the denomination online and the words “near me.” Visit the church’s official website to learn more about what they believe, and attend a service to see if you feel comfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Talk to others about your positive relationship with God.\", \"描述\": \"Share your relationship with God and its positive effects with people who are important to you. Talking about your religious experience is an important aspect of Christianity because followers are encouraged to spread the Word of God as much as possible.\\nWhile it’s good to share your experiences, remember to respect other people’s boundaries and wishes. If they aren’t interested in Christianity, tell them that you understand and change the subject.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Resist the temptation to sin\", \"描述\": \"When you find yourself in a situation that may lead to sin, turn to your faith to guide you. Ask yourself what Jesus taught, and remove yourself from situations that might cause you to sin. If you do sin, accept what you did, and take time to confess your wrongdoing to God and ask for forgiveness.\\nThroughout your life as a Christian, you will learn to accept that you will sin. The most important part is how you handle it, accepting that you did wrong, and aiming to do better. Remember that God’s forgiveness is eternal as long as you truly are sorry.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The process of becoming an “official” Christian in the eyes of some denominations, like Catholicism, can be lengthy. Be prepared to go to classes and study as if you were in school.\\n\", \"Keep an open mind throughout your journey into Christianity. Remember that people of all religions can be both good and bad, and one bad Christian doesn’t represent the entire religion.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,271 |
How to Become a Cinematographer
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1. Studying Cinematography and Film
1-1. Learn the different jobs related to camera work.
If you want to be successful in the film industry, no matter what position you want, you need to know exactly where your job ends and where someone else’s begins.
Learn what the roles of a cinematographer are. There are many different job functions behind the camera. As a cinematographer, your job is to be in charge of the actual shooting of the film. Shot by shot.
The cinematographer is also often referred to as the director of photography (DP). You’re in charge of how the camera moves. How the lighting is set up. What angles are used, and more.
Your job is not to direct actors, get in the way of camera operators who are not you, tell the sound department how to set up sound, etc.
If you want to be successful as a cinematographer, you’ll need to learn the ins and outs of filming and where you belong.
1-2. Take film and cinematography classes.
In the film business, a fancy diploma isn’t always needed. But learning from professionals is the best way to get your foot in the door and learn invaluable skills.
Getting a proper education in film and cinematography will give you the tools and training to become successful. You will get to watch amazing films and shots and learn the techniques and terminology behind each move and element.
Taking classes will also give you the knowledge on what your job is and what the different tools you will need are. You will learn how to identify what different cameras and lenses to use. How to get difficult shots. When to use a steady cam versus a camera on a dolly.
Going to school for film is also rewarding. You will not only get to learn from professionals, but you will get to be graded on your work. You will learn when you aren’t doing something right and how to improve.
Schools also often have nice equipment that you otherwise wouldn’t have access to. You will get to make projects, build a portfolio, and network. You never when your professor might want to use you. Or your classmate who is now in Hollywood working on big budget films.
1-3. Practice filming.
In addition to going to school for film and working within an academic structure, you will also need to branch out on your own. School is invaluable. You will learn proper techniques and methods there. But practicing on your own will let you discover your own style.
Get a camera and start filming on your own. Take what you’ve learned from school and apply it to your outside work. Take what you like and what resonated with you. Learn to ignore what you don’t like.
The reason that filming outside of an institution will help you is because at school you will often be told there is a best way to shoot something. And in an academic sense, there is. But you should remember that you are an individual, and a storyteller. Your voice is through the lens of your camera and you should learn to speak it.
1-4. Always be learning.
Even if you’ve gone to film school for cinematography. A large part of your job is to always continue your education. The film industry is rapidly evolving and you need to not only keep up but stay ahead of it.
There are so many aspects to filming, and as the cinematographer, you’ll need to know most of those aspects better than anyone else on set.
Read forums, books, and articles on the subject. Stay up to date with new technology and filming techniques. Learn what cameras and lenses are good for certain lighting and shots and moods. New cameras are constantly coming out and changing how we think about film. Or, rather digital film.
You will be valued by your work. But also by your knowledge of your craft. If you’re the person who people come to with a camera or lighting question, you’re in a good place. You want to be the person that people know to come to with any questions. Whether it’s “What’s the newest camera out right now?” or “In that movie we just watched, how did the director get that awesome shot?”
Learn as much as you can. Magazines like the American Cinematographer Magazine and the American Society of Cinematographers are a great resource. You can stay up to date on news. Read and learn about iconic shots. And learn how J.J. Abrams and his cinematographer were able to do so many live actions in the latest Star Wars movie.
1-5. Watch movies.
It almost sounds like an excuse to relax and watch your favorite movie. Except that to become a great cinematographer, you’ll have to watch movies differently than your average viewer.
Learn to look at films through the eye of the lens, not the eye of a viewer. Take notes whether on paper or mental. Watch for different shots, what makes these shots special or needed?
Your job is to be able to see a blank space and envision how you can tell a compelling story within a frame. Take notes on how the camera moves. How the lighting casts shadows to convey mood. How close the shot is to an actor and where on the actor the lens is. When and why the camera moves.
Watching movies with this kind of critical eye will help you to adjust your way of thinking about, and seeing film. You’ll be able to understand why a camera moves when it does and why it shows what it shows.
2. Getting Behind the Camera
2-1. Start shooting.
You’ve probably already practiced filming on your own. Whether you’re in school or learning by yourself. But just like a sport or a muscle, you have to practice and exercise.
Invest in a camera and some equipment. Your smartphone isn’t the worst camera option you have anymore. Provided you have a relatively new smartphone. But it still won’t compare to even a DSLR camera. If you can, invest in a DSLR camera.
DSLR’s made in the last few years can usually shoot HD video. Additionally, these are cameras that are great for photography. And since you are a cinematographer, photography is one of your best friends.
Learning photography will be invaluable to you if you want to be successful as a cinematographer. You will learn framing, composition, exposure, texture, etc. All these elements that are crucial to getting a great photo also apply to getting a great shot.
2-2. Take notes everywhere you go and storyboard shots of your surroundings.
Then film those shots. This will be really easy if you have a nice DSLR with you.
When you’re out and about during your day, take moments to look at a nearby landscape or city street. See how it looks to you. Imagine you are filming this location for a movie.
Take some photos of the area you are studying. Take notes on how it makes you feel, what’s happening in that moment. Maybe you’re on a busy street in a city right before it rains. Or you took the long way home and are standing by a field of tall grass as the sun sets. What emotions do these images conjure up in you? What kinds of scenes could be taking place here?
These are questions you should learn to ask yourself and answer at any given moment. Jot down the answers into a notebook and write the time and place. Snap a couple of photos or film a few seconds.
2-3. Make your own short films
If you want to be the director of photography, you need to learn to direct, both your camera and people.
Come up with an idea for a short film and make it. You can choose to take on all the roles or stick to a few. Get your friends to help you. This will be pretty easy if you are or were in film school. Just get out there and start making short movies. Try for three, or five, or ten minute films to start.
You don’t need to make the great indie masterpiece. The fact is, you probably won’t, at least not for a while. So don’t worry about getting everything right and perfect. Use what you have at your disposal and get out there. Actually shooting something will put you ahead of most of the people who dream of becoming a cinematographer but never take advantage of that dream.
You need to learn how to tell a story with your camera. The best way for you to do that is by trial and error. Yes, schooling and tutoring and studying will help you. But to really develop your talents, you’ll have to fail and make some mistakes before you realize how to best get what you want and need in your own way.
2-4. Get on a set.
Once you have a little bit of practice and work to show, it’s going to be time to get yourself on a professional set.
Have realistic expectations for getting on a set. No one is going to pull you out of the blue and hand you a camera. You’ll have to slowly work your way up. It doesn’t matter how you get on set. You may not even be able to get a job related to the camera work.
Apply for any set jobs that you are qualified for. You can be a production assistant, camera operator, lighting technician, craft service personnel, or even an extra. Your goal isn’t to get a shortcut to fame. It’s to get exposure and learn how a real professional set operates.
Get on set and take everything in. It will be eye opening. You will not only see how the filming happens but how people act and behave. You will come across extras who think this job is going to bring fame. Production assistants who are annoyed by the extras. Directors who act like tyrants. Camera operators who are quick and easily annoyed if anyone gets too close to any equipment.
Build relationships with gaffers, grips, production managers, producers, and directors.
If you get on set, let everything you experience soak in. Then stay out of the way until you’re needed. While there will be a lot happening, it will also give you the opportunity to see the magic happen. Pay attention to how the lighting is set up. How the crew moves props and materials around to get a tough shot. What lenses are used and why certain ones are used for certain shots. Learn from what people do right, and what people do wrong.
3. Networking and Building Your Portfolio
3-1. Join online groups.
Join social media groups to help you find resources and networking opportunities.
There are plenty of sites that can help you find jobs. Sign up and fill out your profile. The start searching and applying. Sites like Production Beast is an online resource for connecting people in the film industry.
Likewise, Facebook has tons of film oriented groups which you can join to discuss, connect, and find work. Search for cinematography and filming groups in Facebook and ask to join any groups that stand out to you. Ask your friends for recommendations on any good groups.
3-2. Build a reel of your best work.
Once you’ve done some work of your own you’ll need to build a reel.
Every position in the industry will require a different kind of reel to showcase. And within those different kinds of reels will be several methods for creating one.
For director of photography reels, there are a few things to note. Your reel should showcase your absolute best work. If it doesn’t look great and someone sees it, the viewer will think that this is the most you’re capable of.
Whether you take on other roles in your work isn’t important right now. Even if you’ve directed or edited, this reel is for cinematography. Only include work that showcases your talent as a cinematographer.
People want to see your talent in camera movement, lighting, composition, visual creativity, versatility, and, at least, one great moment.
That’s a lot to pack into no more than two minutes. You don’t have to get all those aspects in, especially in one clip. But you should try and show as much of those elements as possible. Your reel should be no longer than two minutes. And if you don’t have enough quality footage to even make it that long, then keep it shorter. Two great clips that culminate in forty-five seconds will serve you much better than two minutes of mediocre work.
3-3. Make a website.
You’ve done a lot of work so far to become the amazing cinematographer you are. You’ve studied, you’ve shot your own projects, you’ve worked on sets, and you have photos and a reel to show off. Why not put it all on your own website.
These days, it’s not enough to just have a headshot, business card, resume, and a nice smile. With websites being extremely easy to make whether you can code or not, more and more industry people have one and expect you to as well.
Go to Squarespace, Wix, Cargocollective, or even Tumblr and make a site for yourself. You should pay for hosting and a customized domain name. The address to your site should be your name.
The reason you should pay to have your customized domain and other premium features is so that others can see you’re serious. If your site is clearly a stock template with no customization and your address is “‘Username’.tumblr.com,” someone might see it and not take you seriously. Put the same effort into your networking tools as you do your art.
Your website, especially as a cinematographer, should be beautiful and tell a story. You don’t have to make it super complicated. It should be simple and plainly showcase your work. But, it should in a way be a work of art in itself.
3-4. Promote your films.
Promote the films you’ve made or have been a part of. Upload these films online and host screenings.
Put your films up on your website, or, at least, trailers for the films. And upload the films to YouTube or Vimeo. Share links on your social pages. Host screenings and create events you can invite people to.
Submit your work for film festivals. Being a cinematographer isn’t an easy job, and getting noticed is harder. So why not do everything you can to get your name out there? Festivals are a great way to get exposure and network with other professionals and artists.
3-5. Email contacts, professors, and anyone one else you’ve worked with.
Stay in contact with industry people you’ve met.
If you get someone’s contact information, store it somewhere you will remember. Get your own business cards to exchange and hand out. Business cards may seem old fashioned. But when someone hands you a business card and you have nothing to hand back, it sends a message and can feel weird.
Reach out to contacts. After you’ve met someone send an email or message and remind this person where you met and who you are. Explain that it was a pleasure to meet and that you'd love to work together or get advice.
Don’t be afraid to ask people for advice, invite people to screenings, and ask for feedback. You won’t always get it. But you never know when someone will help you out.
After you’ve had some experience, you can email contacts and professors and politely ask for any leads on potential jobs. Everyone in this industry is always looking for work. And people are often willing to help others out. You never know when someone will come to you for a job or advice. Or when someone who has had success will remember how great you were to work with and call you.
3-6. Get experience anywhere and anyway you can.
Becoming a cinematographer is hard work and will take time to gain some traction and a reputation. That’s why, especially in the beginning, you should get experience however you can.
Ask your friends, colleagues, teachers, etc., for any help on getting work. Don’t expect to always get work in exactly the position you want. Take anything that gives you experience.
Continue learning and shooting things yourself. You should always be creating new work as your talent grows. Update your resume and reel frequently so that you are always ready to put your best self forward.
Experience comes in many forms. Whether it’s simply taking photos for practice, working on a set, or acting as the director of photography on a film.
Don’t get discouraged if you feel like you’re not getting the work or exposure you want. There are plenty of ways to create your own content. And in the film industry, you will go through cycles where you may be in high demand for a few months. Then the next several months are quiet. Learn to accept this flow and take down time to relax.
Tips
Always work hard and strive to learn as much as possible.
Consider joining IMDB Pro. IMDB Pro is a paid premium version that lets you see more details about people in the industry. You can even see who represents a certain person and get contact information. This is a great way to reach out to people you admire and network.
Learn to accept project constraints and work within those constraints. Necessity is the mother of creativity. You won't always get to do what you want. Part of being successful is learning how to get the best out of what you have. And having a good attitude doing it.
Warnings
Be nice to everyone. The film industry is smaller than you think. People talk and you never want to be the subject of a bad conversation. It can stop you from earning a living.
It will take years of hard work to make a living. And most of the time you will work odd jobs to pay rent and bills. If you are passionate about becoming a cinematographer, know that the road ahead is long, hard, and often unforgiving.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Studying Cinematography and Film\\n1-1. Learn the different jobs related to camera work.\\nIf you want to be successful in the film industry, no matter what position you want, you need to know exactly where your job ends and where someone else’s begins. \\nLearn what the roles of a cinematographer are. There are many different job functions behind the camera. As a cinematographer, your job is to be in charge of the actual shooting of the film. Shot by shot.\\nThe cinematographer is also often referred to as the director of photography (DP). You’re in charge of how the camera moves. How the lighting is set up. What angles are used, and more.\\nYour job is not to direct actors, get in the way of camera operators who are not you, tell the sound department how to set up sound, etc.\\nIf you want to be successful as a cinematographer, you’ll need to learn the ins and outs of filming and where you belong.\\n1-2. Take film and cinematography classes.\\nIn the film business, a fancy diploma isn’t always needed. But learning from professionals is the best way to get your foot in the door and learn invaluable skills. \\nGetting a proper education in film and cinematography will give you the tools and training to become successful. You will get to watch amazing films and shots and learn the techniques and terminology behind each move and element.\\nTaking classes will also give you the knowledge on what your job is and what the different tools you will need are. You will learn how to identify what different cameras and lenses to use. How to get difficult shots. When to use a steady cam versus a camera on a dolly.\\nGoing to school for film is also rewarding. You will not only get to learn from professionals, but you will get to be graded on your work. You will learn when you aren’t doing something right and how to improve.\\nSchools also often have nice equipment that you otherwise wouldn’t have access to. You will get to make projects, build a portfolio, and network. You never when your professor might want to use you. Or your classmate who is now in Hollywood working on big budget films.\\n1-3. Practice filming.\\nIn addition to going to school for film and working within an academic structure, you will also need to branch out on your own. School is invaluable. You will learn proper techniques and methods there. But practicing on your own will let you discover your own style.\\nGet a camera and start filming on your own. Take what you’ve learned from school and apply it to your outside work. Take what you like and what resonated with you. Learn to ignore what you don’t like.\\nThe reason that filming outside of an institution will help you is because at school you will often be told there is a best way to shoot something. And in an academic sense, there is. But you should remember that you are an individual, and a storyteller. Your voice is through the lens of your camera and you should learn to speak it.\\n1-4. Always be learning.\\nEven if you’ve gone to film school for cinematography. A large part of your job is to always continue your education. The film industry is rapidly evolving and you need to not only keep up but stay ahead of it.\\nThere are so many aspects to filming, and as the cinematographer, you’ll need to know most of those aspects better than anyone else on set.\\nRead forums, books, and articles on the subject. Stay up to date with new technology and filming techniques. Learn what cameras and lenses are good for certain lighting and shots and moods. New cameras are constantly coming out and changing how we think about film. Or, rather digital film.\\nYou will be valued by your work. But also by your knowledge of your craft. If you’re the person who people come to with a camera or lighting question, you’re in a good place. You want to be the person that people know to come to with any questions. Whether it’s “What’s the newest camera out right now?” or “In that movie we just watched, how did the director get that awesome shot?”\\nLearn as much as you can. Magazines like the American Cinematographer Magazine and the American Society of Cinematographers are a great resource. You can stay up to date on news. Read and learn about iconic shots. And learn how J.J. Abrams and his cinematographer were able to do so many live actions in the latest Star Wars movie.\\n1-5. Watch movies.\\nIt almost sounds like an excuse to relax and watch your favorite movie. Except that to become a great cinematographer, you’ll have to watch movies differently than your average viewer. \\nLearn to look at films through the eye of the lens, not the eye of a viewer. Take notes whether on paper or mental. Watch for different shots, what makes these shots special or needed?\\nYour job is to be able to see a blank space and envision how you can tell a compelling story within a frame. Take notes on how the camera moves. How the lighting casts shadows to convey mood. How close the shot is to an actor and where on the actor the lens is. When and why the camera moves.\\nWatching movies with this kind of critical eye will help you to adjust your way of thinking about, and seeing film. You’ll be able to understand why a camera moves when it does and why it shows what it shows.\\n2. Getting Behind the Camera\\n2-1. Start shooting.\\nYou’ve probably already practiced filming on your own. Whether you’re in school or learning by yourself. But just like a sport or a muscle, you have to practice and exercise. \\nInvest in a camera and some equipment. Your smartphone isn’t the worst camera option you have anymore. Provided you have a relatively new smartphone. But it still won’t compare to even a DSLR camera. If you can, invest in a DSLR camera.\\nDSLR’s made in the last few years can usually shoot HD video. Additionally, these are cameras that are great for photography. And since you are a cinematographer, photography is one of your best friends.\\nLearning photography will be invaluable to you if you want to be successful as a cinematographer. You will learn framing, composition, exposure, texture, etc. All these elements that are crucial to getting a great photo also apply to getting a great shot.\\n2-2. Take notes everywhere you go and storyboard shots of your surroundings.\\nThen film those shots. This will be really easy if you have a nice DSLR with you. \\nWhen you’re out and about during your day, take moments to look at a nearby landscape or city street. See how it looks to you. Imagine you are filming this location for a movie.\\nTake some photos of the area you are studying. Take notes on how it makes you feel, what’s happening in that moment. Maybe you’re on a busy street in a city right before it rains. Or you took the long way home and are standing by a field of tall grass as the sun sets. What emotions do these images conjure up in you? What kinds of scenes could be taking place here?\\nThese are questions you should learn to ask yourself and answer at any given moment. Jot down the answers into a notebook and write the time and place. Snap a couple of photos or film a few seconds.\\n2-3. Make your own short films\\nIf you want to be the director of photography, you need to learn to direct, both your camera and people. \\nCome up with an idea for a short film and make it. You can choose to take on all the roles or stick to a few. Get your friends to help you. This will be pretty easy if you are or were in film school. Just get out there and start making short movies. Try for three, or five, or ten minute films to start.\\nYou don’t need to make the great indie masterpiece. The fact is, you probably won’t, at least not for a while. So don’t worry about getting everything right and perfect. Use what you have at your disposal and get out there. Actually shooting something will put you ahead of most of the people who dream of becoming a cinematographer but never take advantage of that dream.\\nYou need to learn how to tell a story with your camera. The best way for you to do that is by trial and error. Yes, schooling and tutoring and studying will help you. But to really develop your talents, you’ll have to fail and make some mistakes before you realize how to best get what you want and need in your own way.\\n2-4. Get on a set.\\nOnce you have a little bit of practice and work to show, it’s going to be time to get yourself on a professional set. \\nHave realistic expectations for getting on a set. No one is going to pull you out of the blue and hand you a camera. You’ll have to slowly work your way up. It doesn’t matter how you get on set. You may not even be able to get a job related to the camera work.\\nApply for any set jobs that you are qualified for. You can be a production assistant, camera operator, lighting technician, craft service personnel, or even an extra. Your goal isn’t to get a shortcut to fame. It’s to get exposure and learn how a real professional set operates.\\nGet on set and take everything in. It will be eye opening. You will not only see how the filming happens but how people act and behave. You will come across extras who think this job is going to bring fame. Production assistants who are annoyed by the extras. Directors who act like tyrants. Camera operators who are quick and easily annoyed if anyone gets too close to any equipment.\\nBuild relationships with gaffers, grips, production managers, producers, and directors.\\nIf you get on set, let everything you experience soak in. Then stay out of the way until you’re needed. While there will be a lot happening, it will also give you the opportunity to see the magic happen. Pay attention to how the lighting is set up. How the crew moves props and materials around to get a tough shot. What lenses are used and why certain ones are used for certain shots. Learn from what people do right, and what people do wrong.\\n3. Networking and Building Your Portfolio\\n3-1. Join online groups.\\nJoin social media groups to help you find resources and networking opportunities. \\nThere are plenty of sites that can help you find jobs. Sign up and fill out your profile. The start searching and applying. Sites like Production Beast is an online resource for connecting people in the film industry. \\nLikewise, Facebook has tons of film oriented groups which you can join to discuss, connect, and find work. Search for cinematography and filming groups in Facebook and ask to join any groups that stand out to you. Ask your friends for recommendations on any good groups.\\n3-2. Build a reel of your best work.\\nOnce you’ve done some work of your own you’ll need to build a reel. \\nEvery position in the industry will require a different kind of reel to showcase. And within those different kinds of reels will be several methods for creating one.\\nFor director of photography reels, there are a few things to note. Your reel should showcase your absolute best work. If it doesn’t look great and someone sees it, the viewer will think that this is the most you’re capable of.\\nWhether you take on other roles in your work isn’t important right now. Even if you’ve directed or edited, this reel is for cinematography. Only include work that showcases your talent as a cinematographer.\\nPeople want to see your talent in camera movement, lighting, composition, visual creativity, versatility, and, at least, one great moment.\\nThat’s a lot to pack into no more than two minutes. You don’t have to get all those aspects in, especially in one clip. But you should try and show as much of those elements as possible. Your reel should be no longer than two minutes. And if you don’t have enough quality footage to even make it that long, then keep it shorter. Two great clips that culminate in forty-five seconds will serve you much better than two minutes of mediocre work.\\n3-3. Make a website.\\nYou’ve done a lot of work so far to become the amazing cinematographer you are. You’ve studied, you’ve shot your own projects, you’ve worked on sets, and you have photos and a reel to show off. Why not put it all on your own website. \\nThese days, it’s not enough to just have a headshot, business card, resume, and a nice smile. With websites being extremely easy to make whether you can code or not, more and more industry people have one and expect you to as well.\\nGo to Squarespace, Wix, Cargocollective, or even Tumblr and make a site for yourself. You should pay for hosting and a customized domain name. The address to your site should be your name.\\nThe reason you should pay to have your customized domain and other premium features is so that others can see you’re serious. If your site is clearly a stock template with no customization and your address is “‘Username’.tumblr.com,” someone might see it and not take you seriously. Put the same effort into your networking tools as you do your art.\\nYour website, especially as a cinematographer, should be beautiful and tell a story. You don’t have to make it super complicated. It should be simple and plainly showcase your work. But, it should in a way be a work of art in itself.\\n3-4. Promote your films.\\nPromote the films you’ve made or have been a part of. Upload these films online and host screenings.\\nPut your films up on your website, or, at least, trailers for the films. And upload the films to YouTube or Vimeo. Share links on your social pages. Host screenings and create events you can invite people to.\\nSubmit your work for film festivals. Being a cinematographer isn’t an easy job, and getting noticed is harder. So why not do everything you can to get your name out there? Festivals are a great way to get exposure and network with other professionals and artists.\\n3-5. Email contacts, professors, and anyone one else you’ve worked with.\\nStay in contact with industry people you’ve met. \\nIf you get someone’s contact information, store it somewhere you will remember. Get your own business cards to exchange and hand out. Business cards may seem old fashioned. But when someone hands you a business card and you have nothing to hand back, it sends a message and can feel weird.\\nReach out to contacts. After you’ve met someone send an email or message and remind this person where you met and who you are. Explain that it was a pleasure to meet and that you'd love to work together or get advice.\\nDon’t be afraid to ask people for advice, invite people to screenings, and ask for feedback. You won’t always get it. But you never know when someone will help you out.\\nAfter you’ve had some experience, you can email contacts and professors and politely ask for any leads on potential jobs. Everyone in this industry is always looking for work. And people are often willing to help others out. You never know when someone will come to you for a job or advice. Or when someone who has had success will remember how great you were to work with and call you.\\n3-6. Get experience anywhere and anyway you can.\\nBecoming a cinematographer is hard work and will take time to gain some traction and a reputation. That’s why, especially in the beginning, you should get experience however you can. \\nAsk your friends, colleagues, teachers, etc., for any help on getting work. Don’t expect to always get work in exactly the position you want. Take anything that gives you experience.\\nContinue learning and shooting things yourself. You should always be creating new work as your talent grows. Update your resume and reel frequently so that you are always ready to put your best self forward.\\nExperience comes in many forms. Whether it’s simply taking photos for practice, working on a set, or acting as the director of photography on a film.\\nDon’t get discouraged if you feel like you’re not getting the work or exposure you want. There are plenty of ways to create your own content. And in the film industry, you will go through cycles where you may be in high demand for a few months. Then the next several months are quiet. Learn to accept this flow and take down time to relax.\\nTips\\nAlways work hard and strive to learn as much as possible.\\nConsider joining IMDB Pro. IMDB Pro is a paid premium version that lets you see more details about people in the industry. You can even see who represents a certain person and get contact information. This is a great way to reach out to people you admire and network.\\nLearn to accept project constraints and work within those constraints. Necessity is the mother of creativity. You won't always get to do what you want. Part of being successful is learning how to get the best out of what you have. And having a good attitude doing it.\\nWarnings\\nBe nice to everyone. The film industry is smaller than you think. People talk and you never want to be the subject of a bad conversation. It can stop you from earning a living.\\nIt will take years of hard work to make a living. And most of the time you will work odd jobs to pay rent and bills. If you are passionate about becoming a cinematographer, know that the road ahead is long, hard, and often unforgiving.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The job of a cinematographer, or director of photography, is largely to bring a story from a script to life on the screen. Cinematographers are in charge of which cameras and lenses to use, how to light a shot, and how the camera behaves. As a cinematographer, you will work with a director and the crew to tell a story as you see it. You direct a camera like a director directs actors. Becoming a cinematographer isn't an easy task. It takes years of study, practice, and networking. In addition to a lifetime of learning. If you are passionate about becoming a cinematographer your best bet is go to school, get a camera and start shooting, and network.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Studying Cinematography and Film\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the different jobs related to camera work.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be successful in the film industry, no matter what position you want, you need to know exactly where your job ends and where someone else’s begins. \\nLearn what the roles of a cinematographer are. There are many different job functions behind the camera. As a cinematographer, your job is to be in charge of the actual shooting of the film. Shot by shot.\\nThe cinematographer is also often referred to as the director of photography (DP). You’re in charge of how the camera moves. How the lighting is set up. What angles are used, and more.\\nYour job is not to direct actors, get in the way of camera operators who are not you, tell the sound department how to set up sound, etc.\\nIf you want to be successful as a cinematographer, you’ll need to learn the ins and outs of filming and where you belong.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take film and cinematography classes.\", \"描述\": \"In the film business, a fancy diploma isn’t always needed. But learning from professionals is the best way to get your foot in the door and learn invaluable skills. \\nGetting a proper education in film and cinematography will give you the tools and training to become successful. You will get to watch amazing films and shots and learn the techniques and terminology behind each move and element.\\nTaking classes will also give you the knowledge on what your job is and what the different tools you will need are. You will learn how to identify what different cameras and lenses to use. How to get difficult shots. When to use a steady cam versus a camera on a dolly.\\nGoing to school for film is also rewarding. You will not only get to learn from professionals, but you will get to be graded on your work. You will learn when you aren’t doing something right and how to improve.\\nSchools also often have nice equipment that you otherwise wouldn’t have access to. You will get to make projects, build a portfolio, and network. You never when your professor might want to use you. Or your classmate who is now in Hollywood working on big budget films.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice filming.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to going to school for film and working within an academic structure, you will also need to branch out on your own. School is invaluable. You will learn proper techniques and methods there. But practicing on your own will let you discover your own style.\\nGet a camera and start filming on your own. Take what you’ve learned from school and apply it to your outside work. Take what you like and what resonated with you. Learn to ignore what you don’t like.\\nThe reason that filming outside of an institution will help you is because at school you will often be told there is a best way to shoot something. And in an academic sense, there is. But you should remember that you are an individual, and a storyteller. Your voice is through the lens of your camera and you should learn to speak it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Always be learning.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you’ve gone to film school for cinematography. A large part of your job is to always continue your education. The film industry is rapidly evolving and you need to not only keep up but stay ahead of it.\\nThere are so many aspects to filming, and as the cinematographer, you’ll need to know most of those aspects better than anyone else on set.\\nRead forums, books, and articles on the subject. Stay up to date with new technology and filming techniques. Learn what cameras and lenses are good for certain lighting and shots and moods. New cameras are constantly coming out and changing how we think about film. Or, rather digital film.\\nYou will be valued by your work. But also by your knowledge of your craft. If you’re the person who people come to with a camera or lighting question, you’re in a good place. You want to be the person that people know to come to with any questions. Whether it’s “What’s the newest camera out right now?” or “In that movie we just watched, how did the director get that awesome shot?”\\nLearn as much as you can. Magazines like the American Cinematographer Magazine and the American Society of Cinematographers are a great resource. You can stay up to date on news. Read and learn about iconic shots. And learn how J.J. Abrams and his cinematographer were able to do so many live actions in the latest Star Wars movie.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch movies.\", \"描述\": \"It almost sounds like an excuse to relax and watch your favorite movie. Except that to become a great cinematographer, you’ll have to watch movies differently than your average viewer. \\nLearn to look at films through the eye of the lens, not the eye of a viewer. Take notes whether on paper or mental. Watch for different shots, what makes these shots special or needed?\\nYour job is to be able to see a blank space and envision how you can tell a compelling story within a frame. Take notes on how the camera moves. How the lighting casts shadows to convey mood. How close the shot is to an actor and where on the actor the lens is. When and why the camera moves.\\nWatching movies with this kind of critical eye will help you to adjust your way of thinking about, and seeing film. You’ll be able to understand why a camera moves when it does and why it shows what it shows.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Behind the Camera\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start shooting.\", \"描述\": \"You’ve probably already practiced filming on your own. Whether you’re in school or learning by yourself. But just like a sport or a muscle, you have to practice and exercise. \\nInvest in a camera and some equipment. Your smartphone isn’t the worst camera option you have anymore. Provided you have a relatively new smartphone. But it still won’t compare to even a DSLR camera. If you can, invest in a DSLR camera.\\nDSLR’s made in the last few years can usually shoot HD video. Additionally, these are cameras that are great for photography. And since you are a cinematographer, photography is one of your best friends.\\nLearning photography will be invaluable to you if you want to be successful as a cinematographer. You will learn framing, composition, exposure, texture, etc. All these elements that are crucial to getting a great photo also apply to getting a great shot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take notes everywhere you go and storyboard shots of your surroundings.\", \"描述\": \"Then film those shots. This will be really easy if you have a nice DSLR with you. \\nWhen you’re out and about during your day, take moments to look at a nearby landscape or city street. See how it looks to you. Imagine you are filming this location for a movie.\\nTake some photos of the area you are studying. Take notes on how it makes you feel, what’s happening in that moment. Maybe you’re on a busy street in a city right before it rains. Or you took the long way home and are standing by a field of tall grass as the sun sets. What emotions do these images conjure up in you? What kinds of scenes could be taking place here?\\nThese are questions you should learn to ask yourself and answer at any given moment. Jot down the answers into a notebook and write the time and place. Snap a couple of photos or film a few seconds.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make your own short films\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be the director of photography, you need to learn to direct, both your camera and people. \\nCome up with an idea for a short film and make it. You can choose to take on all the roles or stick to a few. Get your friends to help you. This will be pretty easy if you are or were in film school. Just get out there and start making short movies. Try for three, or five, or ten minute films to start.\\nYou don’t need to make the great indie masterpiece. The fact is, you probably won’t, at least not for a while. So don’t worry about getting everything right and perfect. Use what you have at your disposal and get out there. Actually shooting something will put you ahead of most of the people who dream of becoming a cinematographer but never take advantage of that dream.\\nYou need to learn how to tell a story with your camera. The best way for you to do that is by trial and error. Yes, schooling and tutoring and studying will help you. But to really develop your talents, you’ll have to fail and make some mistakes before you realize how to best get what you want and need in your own way.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get on a set.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have a little bit of practice and work to show, it’s going to be time to get yourself on a professional set. \\nHave realistic expectations for getting on a set. No one is going to pull you out of the blue and hand you a camera. You’ll have to slowly work your way up. It doesn’t matter how you get on set. You may not even be able to get a job related to the camera work.\\nApply for any set jobs that you are qualified for. You can be a production assistant, camera operator, lighting technician, craft service personnel, or even an extra. Your goal isn’t to get a shortcut to fame. It’s to get exposure and learn how a real professional set operates.\\nGet on set and take everything in. It will be eye opening. You will not only see how the filming happens but how people act and behave. You will come across extras who think this job is going to bring fame. Production assistants who are annoyed by the extras. Directors who act like tyrants. Camera operators who are quick and easily annoyed if anyone gets too close to any equipment.\\nBuild relationships with gaffers, grips, production managers, producers, and directors.\\nIf you get on set, let everything you experience soak in. Then stay out of the way until you’re needed. While there will be a lot happening, it will also give you the opportunity to see the magic happen. Pay attention to how the lighting is set up. How the crew moves props and materials around to get a tough shot. What lenses are used and why certain ones are used for certain shots. Learn from what people do right, and what people do wrong.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Networking and Building Your Portfolio\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join online groups.\", \"描述\": \"Join social media groups to help you find resources and networking opportunities. \\nThere are plenty of sites that can help you find jobs. Sign up and fill out your profile. The start searching and applying. Sites like Production Beast is an online resource for connecting people in the film industry. \\nLikewise, Facebook has tons of film oriented groups which you can join to discuss, connect, and find work. Search for cinematography and filming groups in Facebook and ask to join any groups that stand out to you. Ask your friends for recommendations on any good groups.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build a reel of your best work.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve done some work of your own you’ll need to build a reel. \\nEvery position in the industry will require a different kind of reel to showcase. And within those different kinds of reels will be several methods for creating one.\\nFor director of photography reels, there are a few things to note. Your reel should showcase your absolute best work. If it doesn’t look great and someone sees it, the viewer will think that this is the most you’re capable of.\\nWhether you take on other roles in your work isn’t important right now. Even if you’ve directed or edited, this reel is for cinematography. Only include work that showcases your talent as a cinematographer.\\nPeople want to see your talent in camera movement, lighting, composition, visual creativity, versatility, and, at least, one great moment.\\nThat’s a lot to pack into no more than two minutes. You don’t have to get all those aspects in, especially in one clip. But you should try and show as much of those elements as possible. Your reel should be no longer than two minutes. And if you don’t have enough quality footage to even make it that long, then keep it shorter. Two great clips that culminate in forty-five seconds will serve you much better than two minutes of mediocre work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make a website.\", \"描述\": \"You’ve done a lot of work so far to become the amazing cinematographer you are. You’ve studied, you’ve shot your own projects, you’ve worked on sets, and you have photos and a reel to show off. Why not put it all on your own website. \\nThese days, it’s not enough to just have a headshot, business card, resume, and a nice smile. With websites being extremely easy to make whether you can code or not, more and more industry people have one and expect you to as well.\\nGo to Squarespace, Wix, Cargocollective, or even Tumblr and make a site for yourself. You should pay for hosting and a customized domain name. The address to your site should be your name.\\nThe reason you should pay to have your customized domain and other premium features is so that others can see you’re serious. If your site is clearly a stock template with no customization and your address is “‘Username’.tumblr.com,” someone might see it and not take you seriously. Put the same effort into your networking tools as you do your art.\\nYour website, especially as a cinematographer, should be beautiful and tell a story. You don’t have to make it super complicated. It should be simple and plainly showcase your work. But, it should in a way be a work of art in itself.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Promote your films.\", \"描述\": \"Promote the films you’ve made or have been a part of. Upload these films online and host screenings.\\nPut your films up on your website, or, at least, trailers for the films. And upload the films to YouTube or Vimeo. Share links on your social pages. Host screenings and create events you can invite people to.\\nSubmit your work for film festivals. Being a cinematographer isn’t an easy job, and getting noticed is harder. So why not do everything you can to get your name out there? Festivals are a great way to get exposure and network with other professionals and artists.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Email contacts, professors, and anyone one else you’ve worked with.\", \"描述\": \"Stay in contact with industry people you’ve met. \\nIf you get someone’s contact information, store it somewhere you will remember. Get your own business cards to exchange and hand out. Business cards may seem old fashioned. But when someone hands you a business card and you have nothing to hand back, it sends a message and can feel weird.\\nReach out to contacts. After you’ve met someone send an email or message and remind this person where you met and who you are. Explain that it was a pleasure to meet and that you'd love to work together or get advice.\\nDon’t be afraid to ask people for advice, invite people to screenings, and ask for feedback. You won’t always get it. But you never know when someone will help you out.\\nAfter you’ve had some experience, you can email contacts and professors and politely ask for any leads on potential jobs. Everyone in this industry is always looking for work. And people are often willing to help others out. You never know when someone will come to you for a job or advice. Or when someone who has had success will remember how great you were to work with and call you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get experience anywhere and anyway you can.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a cinematographer is hard work and will take time to gain some traction and a reputation. That’s why, especially in the beginning, you should get experience however you can. \\nAsk your friends, colleagues, teachers, etc., for any help on getting work. Don’t expect to always get work in exactly the position you want. Take anything that gives you experience.\\nContinue learning and shooting things yourself. You should always be creating new work as your talent grows. Update your resume and reel frequently so that you are always ready to put your best self forward.\\nExperience comes in many forms. Whether it’s simply taking photos for practice, working on a set, or acting as the director of photography on a film.\\nDon’t get discouraged if you feel like you’re not getting the work or exposure you want. There are plenty of ways to create your own content. And in the film industry, you will go through cycles where you may be in high demand for a few months. Then the next several months are quiet. Learn to accept this flow and take down time to relax.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always work hard and strive to learn as much as possible.\\n\", \"Consider joining IMDB Pro. IMDB Pro is a paid premium version that lets you see more details about people in the industry. You can even see who represents a certain person and get contact information. This is a great way to reach out to people you admire and network.\\n\", \"Learn to accept project constraints and work within those constraints. Necessity is the mother of creativity. You won't always get to do what you want. Part of being successful is learning how to get the best out of what you have. And having a good attitude doing it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be nice to everyone. The film industry is smaller than you think. People talk and you never want to be the subject of a bad conversation. It can stop you from earning a living.\\n\", \"It will take years of hard work to make a living. And most of the time you will work odd jobs to pay rent and bills. If you are passionate about becoming a cinematographer, know that the road ahead is long, hard, and often unforgiving.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,272 |
How to Become a Citizen of France
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1. Becoming a French Citizen Through Naturalization
1-1. Obtain a residency visa.
Before you can apply for citizenship through naturalization, you’ll have to get the appropriate visa or entry permit. The general rule is that you’ll need to apply to the French consulate where you live, to begin the process. The process takes about two weeks for a U.S. citizen, and approximately two months for other nationalities. To apply for a residency visa you’ll need:
A valid passport
Application form and long-term application annex
Eight passport-size photos per individual
Financial guarantees, such as a letter from your bank manager stating that you have sufficient income or means to live in France, or proof of a retirement pension
Proof of medical insurance that covers you for any necessary treatment you might need in France
Proof of lodging in France, such as a lease, title to a property, or a letter from a legal resident stating that he or she will provide for your accommodation.
1-2. Live in France for five consecutive years.
This is a prerequisite to obtaining French citizenship through naturalization. However, if you’ve successfully completed two years of higher education in France, the five-year residency period can be reduced to two years.
1-3. Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).
This is a document used by the French immigration agency (OFII) to make sure that foreign nationals arriving in France “assimilate into French society”. You’ll sign the CAI at your residence, and it’s valid for one year. After that, the French government will evaluate you to make sure you’ve met the CAI requirements, some of which are:
Take the oral and written French test. If you don’t meet the expected level of proficiency, you’ll have to take classes (for free) to improve your skills.
Complete civics training. The purpose of this is to raise your awareness of such things as the equality between men and women, and basic liberties. You receive the training at no cost to you.
Attend an information session. This is geared to presenting you with details about access to public services, such as housing, healthcare and childcare. Attendance is required, and is free.
1-4. Submit your application.
Assuming you’ve met the naturalization requirements, you’ll have to bring your application and accompanying documentation to the local prefecture where you live. You’ll need:
national ID or passport
birth certificate
proof of address
marriage certificate (if applicable)
You may also need proof that you're employed, and that you don’t have a criminal record.
1-5. Complete any requested interviews and additional paperwork.
Your application materials will be assessed by the police, the mayor’s office, and possibly other government departments. They’ll advise you if they want to speak with you and/or if they need any additional information. This whole process can take around two years to complete. Be aware that French immigration policies have become more restrictive since 2006.
2. Attaining Citizenship Through Birth
2-1. Request citizenship if you were born in France to foreign parents.
An individual born in France to parents who weren’t French citizens can claim the right to French citizenship at age 16, and receive full citizenship benefits at age 18. Check with your local prefecture for instructions on how to proceed. You'll have to prove that France was your main residence for at least five years since age 11. Some methods of proof might be:
A home ownership deed or apartment/house lease
Tax bills and/or utility receipts
School transcripts
2-2. File a birth record for a child not born in France.
A child born to a French parent is also entitled to French citizenship. The parent must file evidence of the birth in the French civil register. If the parent isn't living in France, birth registration forms can be obtained at the local French consulate. Forms may vary depending on whether the parent registers the birth before or after 30 days of the birth date. Either way, the parent will need:
The birth certificate from the country in which the child was born, and
Proof of the parent's French citizenship, such as a photocopy of the front and back of a valid French National ID card.
2-3. Petition for a French nationality certificate.
To complete a request for citizenship for a child who wasn’t born in France, but has a French parent, you must obtain a nationality certificate. You can get this from the local court (Tribunal d’Instance) where you reside in France. If you don't reside in France, you can request the certificate through the Nationality Office in Paris.
3. Acquiring Citizenship by Marriage
3-1. Marry a French citizen.
If you’re a non-citizen living in France, but you’ve been married to a French citizen for at least four years, you can apply for French citizenship. You’ll apply at your local prefecture, as indicated in Method 1 - Step 4, above.
3-2. Live in France for at least one year without interruption before submitting the application.
You must also still be married at the time of the application. Additionally, your spouse must have retained his or her French citizenship.
3-3. Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).
If you’re the foreign spouse of a French citizen, the French immigration agency will require that you sign the CAI referenced earlier in this article. You must also complete all the CAI requirements, such as the oral and written French test, civics training, and information session.
4. Obtaining Citizenship By Serving in the French Foreign Legion
4-1. Meet the French Foreign Legion's basic requirements.
To apply for service in the French Foreign Legion, which is a French military group that accepts recruits from around the world, you will need to meet certain administrative, physical, and medical requirements.
Administratively, you must: have a valid passport; know how to read and write in your native language; and be between 17 1/2 and 39 1/2 years old.
Physically, your body mass index should be between 20 and 30.
Medically, you should have a clean history free from permanent physical ailments (e.g., cancer, poor eyesight, or poor hearing) or surgeries affecting your bodily functions (e.g., damaged meniscus, whole fingers missing, or kneecap dislocations).
4-2. Get information and fill out a registration form.
If you meet all of the minimum requirements, you can register by going, in person, to one of the many Foreign Legion Information Desks. A list of Information Desk locations can be found here. At the Information Desk, you will receive a registration form and you will open your application. This process takes about two days.
4-3. Attend pre-selection examinations.
Once you open your application, you will be sent to a pre-selection center in either Paris or Aubagne. At the pre-selection center you will take part in a series of examinations. This process will take about seven days to complete.
First, you will take part in a motivation interview, which is meant to test your degree of motivation and your ability to serve.
Second, you will take part in preliminary sporting tests meant to assess your physical abilities. Generally, you will be required to complete three push-ups and an endurance test.
Third, you will take part in an initial medical examination, which will ensure you meet the minimum medical requirements necessary to serve.
Fourth, you will complete your registration form.
4-4. Sign a five-year enlistment contract.
Once you complete the pre-selection examinations, you will be required to sign a five-year service contract.
4-5. Pass selection tests.
After you sign your five-year contract, you will be sent to the Selection and Incorporation Center of Aubagne, which is where you will take part in the next phase of testing. There, you will take part in psychological and technical tests; logic tests; security interviews; and personality tests. This process will take about 14 days.
If you pass all of these selection tests, which is determined by a selection committee, your five year commitment will officially be accepted.
If you do not pass these selection tests, you will be sent home.
4-6. Complete training.
If you are accepted, you will complete a four-month training. This training will cover:
Introductions to military life;
Marching;
Technical and hands-on training;
Mountain training;
Exams; and
Driving techniques.
4-7. Serve the French Foreign Legion for three years.
After training, you will continue to serve your five year commitment by serving in one of the 11 regiments of the Foreign Legion. Three years into your five year commitment, you will have the ability to apply for French citizenship, but citizenship is not guaranteed.
Tips
Besides two years of higher education, France allows certain other exceptions to the five year nationalization residency period. These are less common, but worth inquiring about when you apply for your residency visa. [19]
X
Research source
France allows dual nationality with some other countries, including the United States.[20]
X
Research source
www.immihelp.com/citizenship/dual-citizenship-recognize-countries.html
Once you’ve completed the naturalization process, any unmarried dependents automatically become French citizens if they live with you and are included in the naturalization decree.[21]
X
Research source
Warnings
Be careful not to give up any dual citizenship rights that you want to keep. Check to see whether, by becoming a French citizen, you might be abandoning your current citizenship. If you have any concerns in this area, it may be wise to consult with an immigration attorney.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a French Citizen Through Naturalization\\n1-1. Obtain a residency visa.\\nBefore you can apply for citizenship through naturalization, you’ll have to get the appropriate visa or entry permit. The general rule is that you’ll need to apply to the French consulate where you live, to begin the process. The process takes about two weeks for a U.S. citizen, and approximately two months for other nationalities. To apply for a residency visa you’ll need:\\nA valid passport\\nApplication form and long-term application annex\\nEight passport-size photos per individual\\nFinancial guarantees, such as a letter from your bank manager stating that you have sufficient income or means to live in France, or proof of a retirement pension\\nProof of medical insurance that covers you for any necessary treatment you might need in France\\nProof of lodging in France, such as a lease, title to a property, or a letter from a legal resident stating that he or she will provide for your accommodation.\\n1-2. Live in France for five consecutive years.\\nThis is a prerequisite to obtaining French citizenship through naturalization. However, if you’ve successfully completed two years of higher education in France, the five-year residency period can be reduced to two years.\\n1-3. Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).\\nThis is a document used by the French immigration agency (OFII) to make sure that foreign nationals arriving in France “assimilate into French society”. You’ll sign the CAI at your residence, and it’s valid for one year. After that, the French government will evaluate you to make sure you’ve met the CAI requirements, some of which are:\\nTake the oral and written French test. If you don’t meet the expected level of proficiency, you’ll have to take classes (for free) to improve your skills.\\nComplete civics training. The purpose of this is to raise your awareness of such things as the equality between men and women, and basic liberties. You receive the training at no cost to you.\\nAttend an information session. This is geared to presenting you with details about access to public services, such as housing, healthcare and childcare. Attendance is required, and is free.\\n1-4. Submit your application.\\nAssuming you’ve met the naturalization requirements, you’ll have to bring your application and accompanying documentation to the local prefecture where you live. You’ll need:\\nnational ID or passport\\nbirth certificate\\nproof of address\\nmarriage certificate (if applicable)\\nYou may also need proof that you're employed, and that you don’t have a criminal record.\\n1-5. Complete any requested interviews and additional paperwork.\\nYour application materials will be assessed by the police, the mayor’s office, and possibly other government departments. They’ll advise you if they want to speak with you and/or if they need any additional information. This whole process can take around two years to complete. Be aware that French immigration policies have become more restrictive since 2006.\\n2. Attaining Citizenship Through Birth\\n2-1. Request citizenship if you were born in France to foreign parents.\\nAn individual born in France to parents who weren’t French citizens can claim the right to French citizenship at age 16, and receive full citizenship benefits at age 18. Check with your local prefecture for instructions on how to proceed. You'll have to prove that France was your main residence for at least five years since age 11. Some methods of proof might be:\\nA home ownership deed or apartment/house lease\\nTax bills and/or utility receipts\\nSchool transcripts\\n2-2. File a birth record for a child not born in France.\\nA child born to a French parent is also entitled to French citizenship. The parent must file evidence of the birth in the French civil register. If the parent isn't living in France, birth registration forms can be obtained at the local French consulate. Forms may vary depending on whether the parent registers the birth before or after 30 days of the birth date. Either way, the parent will need:\\nThe birth certificate from the country in which the child was born, and\\nProof of the parent's French citizenship, such as a photocopy of the front and back of a valid French National ID card.\\n2-3. Petition for a French nationality certificate.\\nTo complete a request for citizenship for a child who wasn’t born in France, but has a French parent, you must obtain a nationality certificate. You can get this from the local court (Tribunal d’Instance) where you reside in France. If you don't reside in France, you can request the certificate through the Nationality Office in Paris.\\n3. Acquiring Citizenship by Marriage\\n3-1. Marry a French citizen.\\nIf you’re a non-citizen living in France, but you’ve been married to a French citizen for at least four years, you can apply for French citizenship. You’ll apply at your local prefecture, as indicated in Method 1 - Step 4, above.\\n3-2. Live in France for at least one year without interruption before submitting the application.\\nYou must also still be married at the time of the application. Additionally, your spouse must have retained his or her French citizenship.\\n3-3. Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).\\nIf you’re the foreign spouse of a French citizen, the French immigration agency will require that you sign the CAI referenced earlier in this article. You must also complete all the CAI requirements, such as the oral and written French test, civics training, and information session.\\n4. Obtaining Citizenship By Serving in the French Foreign Legion\\n4-1. Meet the French Foreign Legion's basic requirements.\\nTo apply for service in the French Foreign Legion, which is a French military group that accepts recruits from around the world, you will need to meet certain administrative, physical, and medical requirements.\\nAdministratively, you must: have a valid passport; know how to read and write in your native language; and be between 17 1/2 and 39 1/2 years old.\\nPhysically, your body mass index should be between 20 and 30.\\nMedically, you should have a clean history free from permanent physical ailments (e.g., cancer, poor eyesight, or poor hearing) or surgeries affecting your bodily functions (e.g., damaged meniscus, whole fingers missing, or kneecap dislocations).\\n4-2. Get information and fill out a registration form.\\nIf you meet all of the minimum requirements, you can register by going, in person, to one of the many Foreign Legion Information Desks. A list of Information Desk locations can be found here. At the Information Desk, you will receive a registration form and you will open your application. This process takes about two days.\\n4-3. Attend pre-selection examinations.\\nOnce you open your application, you will be sent to a pre-selection center in either Paris or Aubagne. At the pre-selection center you will take part in a series of examinations. This process will take about seven days to complete.\\nFirst, you will take part in a motivation interview, which is meant to test your degree of motivation and your ability to serve.\\nSecond, you will take part in preliminary sporting tests meant to assess your physical abilities. Generally, you will be required to complete three push-ups and an endurance test.\\nThird, you will take part in an initial medical examination, which will ensure you meet the minimum medical requirements necessary to serve.\\nFourth, you will complete your registration form.\\n4-4. Sign a five-year enlistment contract.\\nOnce you complete the pre-selection examinations, you will be required to sign a five-year service contract.\\n4-5. Pass selection tests.\\nAfter you sign your five-year contract, you will be sent to the Selection and Incorporation Center of Aubagne, which is where you will take part in the next phase of testing. There, you will take part in psychological and technical tests; logic tests; security interviews; and personality tests. This process will take about 14 days. \\nIf you pass all of these selection tests, which is determined by a selection committee, your five year commitment will officially be accepted.\\nIf you do not pass these selection tests, you will be sent home.\\n4-6. Complete training.\\nIf you are accepted, you will complete a four-month training. This training will cover:\\nIntroductions to military life;\\nMarching;\\nTechnical and hands-on training;\\nMountain training;\\nExams; and\\nDriving techniques.\\n4-7. Serve the French Foreign Legion for three years.\\nAfter training, you will continue to serve your five year commitment by serving in one of the 11 regiments of the Foreign Legion. Three years into your five year commitment, you will have the ability to apply for French citizenship, but citizenship is not guaranteed.\\nTips\\nBesides two years of higher education, France allows certain other exceptions to the five year nationalization residency period. These are less common, but worth inquiring about when you apply for your residency visa. [19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nFrance allows dual nationality with some other countries, including the United States.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nwww.immihelp.com/citizenship/dual-citizenship-recognize-countries.html\\nOnce you’ve completed the naturalization process, any unmarried dependents automatically become French citizens if they live with you and are included in the naturalization decree.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nBe careful not to give up any dual citizenship rights that you want to keep. Check to see whether, by becoming a French citizen, you might be abandoning your current citizenship. If you have any concerns in this area, it may be wise to consult with an immigration attorney.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re contemplating moving to France, you might want to consider obtaining French citizenship. A French citizen is entitled to permanently live, work, and vote in France, and has access to government-offered public benefits. French citizenship also entitles you to certain rights and privileges in the other European Union countries, such as being able to live and work in any of these countries without the need for special visas or applying for a work permit. This article explores various ways to obtain French citizenship.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a French Citizen Through Naturalization\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a residency visa.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can apply for citizenship through naturalization, you’ll have to get the appropriate visa or entry permit. The general rule is that you’ll need to apply to the French consulate where you live, to begin the process. The process takes about two weeks for a U.S. citizen, and approximately two months for other nationalities. To apply for a residency visa you’ll need:\\nA valid passport\\nApplication form and long-term application annex\\nEight passport-size photos per individual\\nFinancial guarantees, such as a letter from your bank manager stating that you have sufficient income or means to live in France, or proof of a retirement pension\\nProof of medical insurance that covers you for any necessary treatment you might need in France\\nProof of lodging in France, such as a lease, title to a property, or a letter from a legal resident stating that he or she will provide for your accommodation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Live in France for five consecutive years.\", \"描述\": \"This is a prerequisite to obtaining French citizenship through naturalization. However, if you’ve successfully completed two years of higher education in France, the five-year residency period can be reduced to two years.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).\", \"描述\": \"This is a document used by the French immigration agency (OFII) to make sure that foreign nationals arriving in France “assimilate into French society”. You’ll sign the CAI at your residence, and it’s valid for one year. After that, the French government will evaluate you to make sure you’ve met the CAI requirements, some of which are:\\nTake the oral and written French test. If you don’t meet the expected level of proficiency, you’ll have to take classes (for free) to improve your skills.\\nComplete civics training. The purpose of this is to raise your awareness of such things as the equality between men and women, and basic liberties. You receive the training at no cost to you.\\nAttend an information session. This is geared to presenting you with details about access to public services, such as housing, healthcare and childcare. Attendance is required, and is free.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit your application.\", \"描述\": \"Assuming you’ve met the naturalization requirements, you’ll have to bring your application and accompanying documentation to the local prefecture where you live. You’ll need:\\nnational ID or passport\\nbirth certificate\\nproof of address\\nmarriage certificate (if applicable)\\nYou may also need proof that you're employed, and that you don’t have a criminal record.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete any requested interviews and additional paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"Your application materials will be assessed by the police, the mayor’s office, and possibly other government departments. They’ll advise you if they want to speak with you and/or if they need any additional information. This whole process can take around two years to complete. Be aware that French immigration policies have become more restrictive since 2006.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attaining Citizenship Through Birth\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Request citizenship if you were born in France to foreign parents.\", \"描述\": \"An individual born in France to parents who weren’t French citizens can claim the right to French citizenship at age 16, and receive full citizenship benefits at age 18. Check with your local prefecture for instructions on how to proceed. You'll have to prove that France was your main residence for at least five years since age 11. Some methods of proof might be:\\nA home ownership deed or apartment/house lease\\nTax bills and/or utility receipts\\nSchool transcripts\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"File a birth record for a child not born in France.\", \"描述\": \"A child born to a French parent is also entitled to French citizenship. The parent must file evidence of the birth in the French civil register. If the parent isn't living in France, birth registration forms can be obtained at the local French consulate. Forms may vary depending on whether the parent registers the birth before or after 30 days of the birth date. Either way, the parent will need:\\nThe birth certificate from the country in which the child was born, and\\nProof of the parent's French citizenship, such as a photocopy of the front and back of a valid French National ID card.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Petition for a French nationality certificate.\", \"描述\": \"To complete a request for citizenship for a child who wasn’t born in France, but has a French parent, you must obtain a nationality certificate. You can get this from the local court (Tribunal d’Instance) where you reside in France. If you don't reside in France, you can request the certificate through the Nationality Office in Paris.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquiring Citizenship by Marriage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Marry a French citizen.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re a non-citizen living in France, but you’ve been married to a French citizen for at least four years, you can apply for French citizenship. You’ll apply at your local prefecture, as indicated in Method 1 - Step 4, above.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Live in France for at least one year without interruption before submitting the application.\", \"描述\": \"You must also still be married at the time of the application. Additionally, your spouse must have retained his or her French citizenship.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI).\", \"描述\": \"If you’re the foreign spouse of a French citizen, the French immigration agency will require that you sign the CAI referenced earlier in this article. You must also complete all the CAI requirements, such as the oral and written French test, civics training, and information session.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Citizenship By Serving in the French Foreign Legion\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the French Foreign Legion's basic requirements.\", \"描述\": \"To apply for service in the French Foreign Legion, which is a French military group that accepts recruits from around the world, you will need to meet certain administrative, physical, and medical requirements.\\nAdministratively, you must: have a valid passport; know how to read and write in your native language; and be between 17 1/2 and 39 1/2 years old.\\nPhysically, your body mass index should be between 20 and 30.\\nMedically, you should have a clean history free from permanent physical ailments (e.g., cancer, poor eyesight, or poor hearing) or surgeries affecting your bodily functions (e.g., damaged meniscus, whole fingers missing, or kneecap dislocations).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get information and fill out a registration form.\", \"描述\": \"If you meet all of the minimum requirements, you can register by going, in person, to one of the many Foreign Legion Information Desks. A list of Information Desk locations can be found here. At the Information Desk, you will receive a registration form and you will open your application. This process takes about two days.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend pre-selection examinations.\", \"描述\": \"Once you open your application, you will be sent to a pre-selection center in either Paris or Aubagne. At the pre-selection center you will take part in a series of examinations. This process will take about seven days to complete.\\nFirst, you will take part in a motivation interview, which is meant to test your degree of motivation and your ability to serve.\\nSecond, you will take part in preliminary sporting tests meant to assess your physical abilities. Generally, you will be required to complete three push-ups and an endurance test.\\nThird, you will take part in an initial medical examination, which will ensure you meet the minimum medical requirements necessary to serve.\\nFourth, you will complete your registration form.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign a five-year enlistment contract.\", \"描述\": \"Once you complete the pre-selection examinations, you will be required to sign a five-year service contract.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass selection tests.\", \"描述\": \"After you sign your five-year contract, you will be sent to the Selection and Incorporation Center of Aubagne, which is where you will take part in the next phase of testing. There, you will take part in psychological and technical tests; logic tests; security interviews; and personality tests. This process will take about 14 days. \\nIf you pass all of these selection tests, which is determined by a selection committee, your five year commitment will officially be accepted.\\nIf you do not pass these selection tests, you will be sent home.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete training.\", \"描述\": \"If you are accepted, you will complete a four-month training. This training will cover:\\nIntroductions to military life;\\nMarching;\\nTechnical and hands-on training;\\nMountain training;\\nExams; and\\nDriving techniques.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Serve the French Foreign Legion for three years.\", \"描述\": \"After training, you will continue to serve your five year commitment by serving in one of the 11 regiments of the Foreign Legion. Three years into your five year commitment, you will have the ability to apply for French citizenship, but citizenship is not guaranteed.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Besides two years of higher education, France allows certain other exceptions to the five year nationalization residency period. These are less common, but worth inquiring about when you apply for your residency visa. [19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"France allows dual nationality with some other countries, including the United States.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nwww.immihelp.com/citizenship/dual-citizenship-recognize-countries.html\\n\", \"Once you’ve completed the naturalization process, any unmarried dependents automatically become French citizens if they live with you and are included in the naturalization decree.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful not to give up any dual citizenship rights that you want to keep. Check to see whether, by becoming a French citizen, you might be abandoning your current citizenship. If you have any concerns in this area, it may be wise to consult with an immigration attorney.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,273 |
How to Become a Citizen of Mexico
|
1. Determining Your Eligibility for Naturalization
1-1. Declare your nationality by birth for the simplest option.
If you were born in Mexico, you're automatically considered a Mexican citizen. The citizenship process is typically taken care of during a child's first year, but can also be completed after that, as long as you have the proper documentation.
1-2. Be a permanent resident of Mexico for 5 years if you were born in a foreign country.
Foreigners can become Mexican citizens if they receive permanent residence and maintain it for 5 years. To become a permanent resident, you'll need to show that you're related to a permanent resident or Mexican citizen , that you're able to cover your expenses while living in Mexico, or that you've been granted political asylum, among other options. You'll need to start the process, which can be done online, within your first thirty days in Mexico.
You won't need to renew your permanent residence once you've received it.
1-3. Marry a Mexican citizen to become naturalized by marriage.
As in most countries, if you marry a Mexican citizen, you can become a naturalized citizen of Mexico as well. You'll also need to show that you're a temporary or permanent resident for at least 2 years before you start your application.
1-4. Prove your origin from a Latin American or Iberian country.
If you're a citizen of a Latin American country or a country in the Iberian Peninsula, you can receive citizenship after living in Mexico for 2 years as a permanent or temporary resident. You'll need to prove that you're from that country by providing your birth certificate and passport, as well as other documents.
Latin American countries include most of Central and South America. Countries on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain and Portugal.
1-5. Show that your parents are Mexican to naturalize by descent.
If your parents are Mexican citizens but you were born outside of the country, you'll still be considered a naturalized Mexican citizen. This extends to children adopted by Mexican parents as well.
You'll need to have lived for 1 year in Mexico as either a temporary or permanent resident.
2. Gaining Citizenship
2-1. Fill out the DNN-3 form.
No matter what form of eligibility you're using, you'll need to download the DNN-3 form online and fill it out completely. You'll need to provide personal information, giving details about where you live, any property you own, and your family, among other things. Remember to fill in the form in Spanish!
You can fill in the form on the computer or print it out and answer the questions by hand with black ink.
Download the form here: http://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnatnacio/dnn3.pdf and bring 2 copies of it to your appointment.
2-2. Bring your residency card, birth certificate, and passport.
To become a naturalized citizen of Mexico, no matter what eligibility you use, you'll need to show several government documents verifying your identity and residency. Make sure you have your residency card, your foreign birth certificate, and your foreign passport. You should also make 2 copies of each to bring in as well.
There's a possibility that the government will keep your original forms for their records, so make an extra third copy of each document as well. Leave it at home when you go to complete your application.
Make copies of every page of your passport.
2-3. Turn in a letter detailing your travels abroad over the last 2 years.
You'll need to list all of the times you've exited and re-entered Mexico over the last 2 years. Log on to the Mexican government's citizenship website to see what this list should look like at https://sre.gob.mx/tramites-y-servicios/nacionalidad-y-naturalizacion.
You'll need the original document and 2 copies of this as well.
2-4. Fill in a certificate showing that you don't have a criminal record.
You'll need to obtain a federal and state “carta de antecedentes no penales” to prove that you have a clear criminal record. To do this, you'll need to go to your local police station in Mexico as well as the police headquarters in Mexico City. Explain what you're there for and present your birth certificate, permanent residency card, and a bill with your home address, along with a copy of each.
You'll turn in the original form along with 2 copies.
2-5. Turn in any extra forms needed for your method of naturalization.
Along with documents verifying your identity and residence, you may also need to bring in evidence of your eligibility. Review the requirements for your eligibility and bring in the extra documents as needed.
Extra required forms could include a marriage certificate, parents' birth certificates, or a birth certificate from a Latin American or Iberian country.
2-6. Turn in your forms to the secretary of foreign affairs' office.
If you're in Mexico, you'll turn in your forms at the secretary of foreign affair's office, either by email or in person—get in touch with them to see which is best. If you're outside of Mexico, turn them in at the Mexican embassy or the nearest consulate.
Call ahead to see if you should set up an appointment or if you can just drop the forms off.
Once you turn in your forms, the government might take a year or more to review them.
2-7. Take an exam to prove your familiarity with Mexico's language, culture, and history.
Near the end of the application process, you'll be asked to take an exam testing your knowledge of the Spanish language and Mexico's history and culture. This test contains multiple choice questions along with a reading comprehension section to test your knowledge of the language.
2-8. Pay a fee to finalize your application.
After you've passed your test, you'll be asked to pay a fee of about 1400 pesos, which is the last step in your citizenship application. Once the papers are cleared, you'll receive notification that you're officially a Mexican citizen.
The process can take a year or longer, so try to be patient! You can call to check on the status of your application at any time.
Tips
If you want to have dual citizenship—be a citizen of Mexico in addition to another country—check the laws in the other country first. Mexican law allows you to naturalize in another country while maintaining your Mexican citizenship, as does the U.S.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Determining Your Eligibility for Naturalization\\n1-1. Declare your nationality by birth for the simplest option.\\nIf you were born in Mexico, you're automatically considered a Mexican citizen. The citizenship process is typically taken care of during a child's first year, but can also be completed after that, as long as you have the proper documentation.\\n1-2. Be a permanent resident of Mexico for 5 years if you were born in a foreign country.\\nForeigners can become Mexican citizens if they receive permanent residence and maintain it for 5 years. To become a permanent resident, you'll need to show that you're related to a permanent resident or Mexican citizen , that you're able to cover your expenses while living in Mexico, or that you've been granted political asylum, among other options. You'll need to start the process, which can be done online, within your first thirty days in Mexico.\\nYou won't need to renew your permanent residence once you've received it.\\n1-3. Marry a Mexican citizen to become naturalized by marriage.\\nAs in most countries, if you marry a Mexican citizen, you can become a naturalized citizen of Mexico as well. You'll also need to show that you're a temporary or permanent resident for at least 2 years before you start your application.\\n1-4. Prove your origin from a Latin American or Iberian country.\\nIf you're a citizen of a Latin American country or a country in the Iberian Peninsula, you can receive citizenship after living in Mexico for 2 years as a permanent or temporary resident. You'll need to prove that you're from that country by providing your birth certificate and passport, as well as other documents.\\nLatin American countries include most of Central and South America. Countries on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain and Portugal.\\n1-5. Show that your parents are Mexican to naturalize by descent.\\nIf your parents are Mexican citizens but you were born outside of the country, you'll still be considered a naturalized Mexican citizen. This extends to children adopted by Mexican parents as well.\\nYou'll need to have lived for 1 year in Mexico as either a temporary or permanent resident.\\n2. Gaining Citizenship\\n2-1. Fill out the DNN-3 form.\\nNo matter what form of eligibility you're using, you'll need to download the DNN-3 form online and fill it out completely. You'll need to provide personal information, giving details about where you live, any property you own, and your family, among other things. Remember to fill in the form in Spanish!\\nYou can fill in the form on the computer or print it out and answer the questions by hand with black ink.\\nDownload the form here: http://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnatnacio/dnn3.pdf and bring 2 copies of it to your appointment.\\n2-2. Bring your residency card, birth certificate, and passport.\\nTo become a naturalized citizen of Mexico, no matter what eligibility you use, you'll need to show several government documents verifying your identity and residency. Make sure you have your residency card, your foreign birth certificate, and your foreign passport. You should also make 2 copies of each to bring in as well.\\nThere's a possibility that the government will keep your original forms for their records, so make an extra third copy of each document as well. Leave it at home when you go to complete your application.\\nMake copies of every page of your passport.\\n2-3. Turn in a letter detailing your travels abroad over the last 2 years.\\nYou'll need to list all of the times you've exited and re-entered Mexico over the last 2 years. Log on to the Mexican government's citizenship website to see what this list should look like at https://sre.gob.mx/tramites-y-servicios/nacionalidad-y-naturalizacion.\\nYou'll need the original document and 2 copies of this as well.\\n2-4. Fill in a certificate showing that you don't have a criminal record.\\nYou'll need to obtain a federal and state “carta de antecedentes no penales” to prove that you have a clear criminal record. To do this, you'll need to go to your local police station in Mexico as well as the police headquarters in Mexico City. Explain what you're there for and present your birth certificate, permanent residency card, and a bill with your home address, along with a copy of each.\\nYou'll turn in the original form along with 2 copies.\\n2-5. Turn in any extra forms needed for your method of naturalization.\\nAlong with documents verifying your identity and residence, you may also need to bring in evidence of your eligibility. Review the requirements for your eligibility and bring in the extra documents as needed.\\nExtra required forms could include a marriage certificate, parents' birth certificates, or a birth certificate from a Latin American or Iberian country.\\n2-6. Turn in your forms to the secretary of foreign affairs' office.\\nIf you're in Mexico, you'll turn in your forms at the secretary of foreign affair's office, either by email or in person—get in touch with them to see which is best. If you're outside of Mexico, turn them in at the Mexican embassy or the nearest consulate.\\nCall ahead to see if you should set up an appointment or if you can just drop the forms off.\\nOnce you turn in your forms, the government might take a year or more to review them.\\n2-7. Take an exam to prove your familiarity with Mexico's language, culture, and history.\\nNear the end of the application process, you'll be asked to take an exam testing your knowledge of the Spanish language and Mexico's history and culture. This test contains multiple choice questions along with a reading comprehension section to test your knowledge of the language.\\n2-8. Pay a fee to finalize your application.\\nAfter you've passed your test, you'll be asked to pay a fee of about 1400 pesos, which is the last step in your citizenship application. Once the papers are cleared, you'll receive notification that you're officially a Mexican citizen.\\nThe process can take a year or longer, so try to be patient! You can call to check on the status of your application at any time.\\nTips\\nIf you want to have dual citizenship—be a citizen of Mexico in addition to another country—check the laws in the other country first. Mexican law allows you to naturalize in another country while maintaining your Mexican citizenship, as does the U.S.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Want to become a Mexican citizen? The process is similar to that of other countries, with plenty of paperwork, an exam, and some waiting time while your forms are processed. Be patient, work diligently, and ask questions when you need to. Once your hard work pays off, you'll officially be a Mexican citizen.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determining Your Eligibility for Naturalization\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Declare your nationality by birth for the simplest option.\", \"描述\": \"If you were born in Mexico, you're automatically considered a Mexican citizen. The citizenship process is typically taken care of during a child's first year, but can also be completed after that, as long as you have the proper documentation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a permanent resident of Mexico for 5 years if you were born in a foreign country.\", \"描述\": \"Foreigners can become Mexican citizens if they receive permanent residence and maintain it for 5 years. To become a permanent resident, you'll need to show that you're related to a permanent resident or Mexican citizen , that you're able to cover your expenses while living in Mexico, or that you've been granted political asylum, among other options. You'll need to start the process, which can be done online, within your first thirty days in Mexico.\\nYou won't need to renew your permanent residence once you've received it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Marry a Mexican citizen to become naturalized by marriage.\", \"描述\": \"As in most countries, if you marry a Mexican citizen, you can become a naturalized citizen of Mexico as well. You'll also need to show that you're a temporary or permanent resident for at least 2 years before you start your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prove your origin from a Latin American or Iberian country.\", \"描述\": \"If you're a citizen of a Latin American country or a country in the Iberian Peninsula, you can receive citizenship after living in Mexico for 2 years as a permanent or temporary resident. You'll need to prove that you're from that country by providing your birth certificate and passport, as well as other documents.\\nLatin American countries include most of Central and South America. Countries on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain and Portugal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Show that your parents are Mexican to naturalize by descent.\", \"描述\": \"If your parents are Mexican citizens but you were born outside of the country, you'll still be considered a naturalized Mexican citizen. This extends to children adopted by Mexican parents as well.\\nYou'll need to have lived for 1 year in Mexico as either a temporary or permanent resident.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Citizenship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fill out the DNN-3 form.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what form of eligibility you're using, you'll need to download the DNN-3 form online and fill it out completely. You'll need to provide personal information, giving details about where you live, any property you own, and your family, among other things. Remember to fill in the form in Spanish!\\nYou can fill in the form on the computer or print it out and answer the questions by hand with black ink.\\nDownload the form here: http://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnatnacio/dnn3.pdf and bring 2 copies of it to your appointment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bring your residency card, birth certificate, and passport.\", \"描述\": \"To become a naturalized citizen of Mexico, no matter what eligibility you use, you'll need to show several government documents verifying your identity and residency. Make sure you have your residency card, your foreign birth certificate, and your foreign passport. You should also make 2 copies of each to bring in as well.\\nThere's a possibility that the government will keep your original forms for their records, so make an extra third copy of each document as well. Leave it at home when you go to complete your application.\\nMake copies of every page of your passport.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Turn in a letter detailing your travels abroad over the last 2 years.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need to list all of the times you've exited and re-entered Mexico over the last 2 years. Log on to the Mexican government's citizenship website to see what this list should look like at https://sre.gob.mx/tramites-y-servicios/nacionalidad-y-naturalizacion.\\nYou'll need the original document and 2 copies of this as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill in a certificate showing that you don't have a criminal record.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need to obtain a federal and state “carta de antecedentes no penales” to prove that you have a clear criminal record. To do this, you'll need to go to your local police station in Mexico as well as the police headquarters in Mexico City. Explain what you're there for and present your birth certificate, permanent residency card, and a bill with your home address, along with a copy of each.\\nYou'll turn in the original form along with 2 copies.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Turn in any extra forms needed for your method of naturalization.\", \"描述\": \"Along with documents verifying your identity and residence, you may also need to bring in evidence of your eligibility. Review the requirements for your eligibility and bring in the extra documents as needed.\\nExtra required forms could include a marriage certificate, parents' birth certificates, or a birth certificate from a Latin American or Iberian country.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Turn in your forms to the secretary of foreign affairs' office.\", \"描述\": \"If you're in Mexico, you'll turn in your forms at the secretary of foreign affair's office, either by email or in person—get in touch with them to see which is best. If you're outside of Mexico, turn them in at the Mexican embassy or the nearest consulate.\\nCall ahead to see if you should set up an appointment or if you can just drop the forms off.\\nOnce you turn in your forms, the government might take a year or more to review them.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take an exam to prove your familiarity with Mexico's language, culture, and history.\", \"描述\": \"Near the end of the application process, you'll be asked to take an exam testing your knowledge of the Spanish language and Mexico's history and culture. This test contains multiple choice questions along with a reading comprehension section to test your knowledge of the language.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Pay a fee to finalize your application.\", \"描述\": \"After you've passed your test, you'll be asked to pay a fee of about 1400 pesos, which is the last step in your citizenship application. Once the papers are cleared, you'll receive notification that you're officially a Mexican citizen.\\nThe process can take a year or longer, so try to be patient! You can call to check on the status of your application at any time.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you want to have dual citizenship—be a citizen of Mexico in addition to another country—check the laws in the other country first. Mexican law allows you to naturalize in another country while maintaining your Mexican citizenship, as does the U.S.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,274 |
How to Become a Citizen of Norway
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1. Obtaining Permanent Residency
1-1. Hold a valid residency permit for at least 3 years.
Generally, you become eligible to apply for permanent residency only after having legally lived in Norway under a residence permit for at least 3 years. Residency permits typically are granted for work or study in the country.
If you are a spouse or unmarried partner cohabiting with a Norwegian national who works in a Norwegian embassy or consulate, you are exempt from the residency requirement.
If you are an EU national, you automatically acquire permanent residency in Norway after living there for 5 years. You must provide proof that you have been living legally in the country for 5 years, and that you are working, studying, or otherwise self-sufficient.
1-2. Become proficient in the Norwegian language.
Although many Norwegians speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country, you must demonstrate your proficiency in the national language. Free online courses in Norwegian are available at https://www.ntnu.edu/learnnow/.
There are other options available for learning Norwegian for free, or you can pay for commercial courses or private tutoring.
1-3. Take Norwegian language and social studies tests.
If you are between the ages of 16 and 55, you must pass an oral test in Norwegian at a minimum level of A1, and pass a written test in Norwegian social studies given in the language of your choice.
For the Norwegian language test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/norwegian-language-test/. On this page, you can register to take the test either in the summer (June 5 – 12) or winter (November 26 – December 6). The page includes links to study materials and a practice test.
To sign up for the social studies test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/test-in-social-studies/.
1-4. Keep your criminal record clean.
During the 3 years you live in Norway prior to applying for permanent residency, you can't have any criminal convictions. You also won't be eligible for permanent residency if you were ordered into involuntary psychiatric treatment or care.
Having a conviction doesn't mean you can never become a permanent resident of Norway. However, you may have to wait until at least 3 years have passed since the date of conviction before you can apply.
1-5. Register on the Application Portal.
Most applicants can complete their application for permanent residency using the online Application Portal for the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI). Go to https://selfservice.udi.no/ to create your user account.
From your user account on the Application Portal, you can fill out your application, submit your forms, book appointments, and check the status of your application.
1-6. Demonstrate that you have financially supported yourself.
UDI only grants permanent residency to applicants who demonstrate that they met the minimum income requirements for the previous year. In 2018, this amount was NOK 238,784.
The applicable minimum income requirements and documentation required to prove your income will be listed on your application.
You also cannot have received any social security payments during your residency period prior to submitting your application.
1-7. Pay your permit fees.
As of 2018, the permanent residence application fee for adults is NOK 3,100. There is no fee for children under 18. To check the latest application fees and get information on the method of payment, visit the UDI website.
If you completed and submitted your application online, you can pay your fees online at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.
Review your responses to all the questions on your application before you submit it. Once you've clicked through to the payment screen, you won't be able to go back and make any changes.
1-8. Take your supporting documents to the nearest police station.
Once you've submitted your application, you can also make an appointment to hand in the necessary supporting documents at your local police station.
To generate a checklist of the documents you're required to bring with you to your appointment, go to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-permanent-residence/ and answer a few questions about your application.
1-9. Wait for notification.
After you've submitted your application, UDI will begin the review process. It typically takes from 3 to 6 months to process an application for permanent residence. You may be contacted if additional information or documentation is required to before your application can be granted.
You can find out the approximate wait time for your application to be processed by visiting https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-permanent-residence/ and answering a few questions.
If your application is denied, you can appeal the decision. Information on how to appeal will be included with your notification.
1-10. Book an appointment at the police station.
If your application for permanent residency has been approved, you must visit the police station nearest you to complete the process and get your permanent resident card. Police will take your fingerprints and photo, then order your card for you.
You can also book an appointment online from the Application Portal if you have an account set up there.
If you have problems setting up an appointment online, call the police station directly. You cannot book an appointment through UDI.
1-11. Receive your residence card in the mail.
Your card will be mailed to you when it's ready. Expect it to take at least 10 business days to arrive. If you have travel plans overseas, make sure to leave plenty of time to get your residence card before you leave the country. Otherwise, you may have difficulty when returning.
Even though it has your photo, your residence card is not considered proof of identity. When traveling outside of Norway, you still must carry your passport.
2. Meeting Citizenship Conditions
2-1. Live in Norway for at least 7 years.
The "period of stay" condition is the first condition you must meet to be eligible for Norwegian citizenship. Most applicants must live in Norway with a residency permit for at least 7 uninterrupted years.
Exceptions are made for some special groups of applicants, such as spouses of Norwegian nationals, athletes, or members of Norwegian nationals living abroad on foreign service missions at a Norwegian embassy or consulate.
Brief visits outside the country are allowed without your period of stay being interrupted. However, if you are outside the country for more than 2 months in any given year, your period of stay starts over.
2-2. Maintain a clean criminal record while living in Norway.
To become a citizen of Norway, you must be able to prove that during your period of stay, you have had no criminal convictions or ordered psychiatric treatment.
If you have a criminal conviction, you may still be able to get Norwegian citizenship. However, you typically have to wait. The length of your waiting period depends on the penal sanction that was imposed as a result of your conviction.
2-3. Have your identity clarified.
The Norwegian government must confirm your identity with reliable documentation before you are eligible for citizenship. In most cases, this requires you to provide a valid passport from your home country.
If for some reason you no longer have a valid passport, other documents, such as a birth certificate, may be used.
Norway does not consider documents from some countries, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia, to be reliable. This is generally because the governments of these countries are not stable, or were recently unstable. If you come from such a country, there are additional steps needed to confirm your identity.
2-4. Pass an oral Norwegian test at the A2 level.
To become a citizen of Norway, you must demonstrate proficiency in the Norwegian language at the A2 level or higher. If you passed the Norwegian test for your permanent residency at the A1 level, you must take it again to reach the A2 level.
If you already passed the oral Norwegian test at the A2 level for your permanent residency, you do not have to take the test again.
Information about the language test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.
2-5. Pass the Norwegian citizenship test.
When you took the social studies test for permanent residency, you were allowed to take it in the language of your choosing. If you took the test in your own language, you must take it again in Norwegian to qualify for citizenship.
Information about the citizenship (social studies) test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.
If you took the Norwegian citizenship test in Norwegian for your permanent residency and passed, you do not have to take it again when you apply for citizenship.
3. Applying for Citizenship
3-1. Complete your application.
You can apply for citizenship online using the UDI's Application Portal at https://selfservice.udi.no/. If you already registered with the Application Portal for your application for permanent residency, you can use the same account to apply for citizenship.
Once you log onto your user account, click through to complete the necessary citizenship application forms. Make sure all your answers are as thorough and detailed as possible. All fields marked with a yellow star must be completed before your application will be accepted.
3-2. Pay your application fee.
The fee for a citizenship application, as of 2018, is NOK 3,700. Check the UDI website for the most current application fees. There are no fees for children under the age of 18.
If you submit your application through the Application Portal, you can pay your application fee at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.
Once you click the "go to payment" button, you will not be able to make any changes to your application online. If you make a mistake, you can correct it when you attend your appointment at the police station.
3-3. Take your supporting documentation to the police station.
After you submit your application, you can book an appointment with the police station nearest you to turn in all required documents that support statements you made in your application.
While documentation varies, it generally will include your birth certificate, marriage or partnership certificates, passport, tax return, police background check, proof of your language study, and test results for your language and social studies tests.
Go to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-for-citizenship/ and answer the questions to get a checklist of documents you must bring with you.
3-4. Wait for an answer to your application.
The UDI will begin processing your application after all supporting documentation is received. You may be called in for an additional interview or asked to submit different documents to support your application.
To get a reliable estimate of the processing time for your application, go to https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-norwegian-citizenship/ and answer the questions.
If your application is rejected, you can appeal the decision. Information about the appeal process will be included in your notification of the UDI's decision.
3-5. Book an appointment to pick up your citizenship decision.
If the UDI grants your citizenship application, you can pick up your papers at the police station nearest you. Your citizenship decision must be picked up in person within 3 months of the decision being made.
Once you get your citizenship decision papers, you can apply for a Norwegian passport.
Take the notification letter you received with you to the police station, along with your old passport and your permanent residence card.
3-6. Renounce your former citizenship.
Dual citizenship is not permitted in Norway. If you want to become a Norwegian citizen, you must formally renounce your former citizenship. Go to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to find out what steps are required to do this.
The government has proposed allowing dual citizenship. However, until a law is passed by parliament, you still must renounce your former citizenship to become a Norwegian citizen. If a law was passed, this rule would not change until 2019 at the earliest.
3-7. Participate in the citizenship ceremony.
Once citizenship is granted, you will receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony where you will formally be made a Norwegian citizen. While this ceremony is voluntary, it is a special event for most new citizens.
If you opt not to participate in the ceremony, you're still a Norwegian citizen.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:36",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Obtaining Permanent Residency\\n1-1. Hold a valid residency permit for at least 3 years.\\nGenerally, you become eligible to apply for permanent residency only after having legally lived in Norway under a residence permit for at least 3 years. Residency permits typically are granted for work or study in the country.\\nIf you are a spouse or unmarried partner cohabiting with a Norwegian national who works in a Norwegian embassy or consulate, you are exempt from the residency requirement.\\nIf you are an EU national, you automatically acquire permanent residency in Norway after living there for 5 years. You must provide proof that you have been living legally in the country for 5 years, and that you are working, studying, or otherwise self-sufficient.\\n1-2. Become proficient in the Norwegian language.\\nAlthough many Norwegians speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country, you must demonstrate your proficiency in the national language. Free online courses in Norwegian are available at https://www.ntnu.edu/learnnow/.\\nThere are other options available for learning Norwegian for free, or you can pay for commercial courses or private tutoring.\\n1-3. Take Norwegian language and social studies tests.\\nIf you are between the ages of 16 and 55, you must pass an oral test in Norwegian at a minimum level of A1, and pass a written test in Norwegian social studies given in the language of your choice.\\nFor the Norwegian language test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/norwegian-language-test/. On this page, you can register to take the test either in the summer (June 5 – 12) or winter (November 26 – December 6). The page includes links to study materials and a practice test.\\nTo sign up for the social studies test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/test-in-social-studies/.\\n1-4. Keep your criminal record clean.\\nDuring the 3 years you live in Norway prior to applying for permanent residency, you can't have any criminal convictions. You also won't be eligible for permanent residency if you were ordered into involuntary psychiatric treatment or care.\\nHaving a conviction doesn't mean you can never become a permanent resident of Norway. However, you may have to wait until at least 3 years have passed since the date of conviction before you can apply.\\n1-5. Register on the Application Portal.\\nMost applicants can complete their application for permanent residency using the online Application Portal for the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI). Go to https://selfservice.udi.no/ to create your user account.\\nFrom your user account on the Application Portal, you can fill out your application, submit your forms, book appointments, and check the status of your application.\\n1-6. Demonstrate that you have financially supported yourself.\\nUDI only grants permanent residency to applicants who demonstrate that they met the minimum income requirements for the previous year. In 2018, this amount was NOK 238,784.\\nThe applicable minimum income requirements and documentation required to prove your income will be listed on your application.\\nYou also cannot have received any social security payments during your residency period prior to submitting your application.\\n1-7. Pay your permit fees.\\nAs of 2018, the permanent residence application fee for adults is NOK 3,100. There is no fee for children under 18. To check the latest application fees and get information on the method of payment, visit the UDI website.\\nIf you completed and submitted your application online, you can pay your fees online at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.\\nReview your responses to all the questions on your application before you submit it. Once you've clicked through to the payment screen, you won't be able to go back and make any changes.\\n1-8. Take your supporting documents to the nearest police station.\\nOnce you've submitted your application, you can also make an appointment to hand in the necessary supporting documents at your local police station.\\nTo generate a checklist of the documents you're required to bring with you to your appointment, go to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-permanent-residence/ and answer a few questions about your application.\\n1-9. Wait for notification.\\nAfter you've submitted your application, UDI will begin the review process. It typically takes from 3 to 6 months to process an application for permanent residence. You may be contacted if additional information or documentation is required to before your application can be granted.\\nYou can find out the approximate wait time for your application to be processed by visiting https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-permanent-residence/ and answering a few questions.\\nIf your application is denied, you can appeal the decision. Information on how to appeal will be included with your notification.\\n1-10. Book an appointment at the police station.\\nIf your application for permanent residency has been approved, you must visit the police station nearest you to complete the process and get your permanent resident card. Police will take your fingerprints and photo, then order your card for you.\\nYou can also book an appointment online from the Application Portal if you have an account set up there.\\nIf you have problems setting up an appointment online, call the police station directly. You cannot book an appointment through UDI.\\n1-11. Receive your residence card in the mail.\\nYour card will be mailed to you when it's ready. Expect it to take at least 10 business days to arrive. If you have travel plans overseas, make sure to leave plenty of time to get your residence card before you leave the country. Otherwise, you may have difficulty when returning.\\nEven though it has your photo, your residence card is not considered proof of identity. When traveling outside of Norway, you still must carry your passport.\\n2. Meeting Citizenship Conditions\\n2-1. Live in Norway for at least 7 years.\\nThe \\\"period of stay\\\" condition is the first condition you must meet to be eligible for Norwegian citizenship. Most applicants must live in Norway with a residency permit for at least 7 uninterrupted years.\\nExceptions are made for some special groups of applicants, such as spouses of Norwegian nationals, athletes, or members of Norwegian nationals living abroad on foreign service missions at a Norwegian embassy or consulate.\\nBrief visits outside the country are allowed without your period of stay being interrupted. However, if you are outside the country for more than 2 months in any given year, your period of stay starts over.\\n2-2. Maintain a clean criminal record while living in Norway.\\nTo become a citizen of Norway, you must be able to prove that during your period of stay, you have had no criminal convictions or ordered psychiatric treatment.\\nIf you have a criminal conviction, you may still be able to get Norwegian citizenship. However, you typically have to wait. The length of your waiting period depends on the penal sanction that was imposed as a result of your conviction.\\n2-3. Have your identity clarified.\\nThe Norwegian government must confirm your identity with reliable documentation before you are eligible for citizenship. In most cases, this requires you to provide a valid passport from your home country.\\nIf for some reason you no longer have a valid passport, other documents, such as a birth certificate, may be used.\\nNorway does not consider documents from some countries, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia, to be reliable. This is generally because the governments of these countries are not stable, or were recently unstable. If you come from such a country, there are additional steps needed to confirm your identity.\\n2-4. Pass an oral Norwegian test at the A2 level.\\nTo become a citizen of Norway, you must demonstrate proficiency in the Norwegian language at the A2 level or higher. If you passed the Norwegian test for your permanent residency at the A1 level, you must take it again to reach the A2 level.\\nIf you already passed the oral Norwegian test at the A2 level for your permanent residency, you do not have to take the test again.\\nInformation about the language test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.\\n2-5. Pass the Norwegian citizenship test.\\nWhen you took the social studies test for permanent residency, you were allowed to take it in the language of your choosing. If you took the test in your own language, you must take it again in Norwegian to qualify for citizenship.\\nInformation about the citizenship (social studies) test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.\\nIf you took the Norwegian citizenship test in Norwegian for your permanent residency and passed, you do not have to take it again when you apply for citizenship.\\n3. Applying for Citizenship\\n3-1. Complete your application.\\nYou can apply for citizenship online using the UDI's Application Portal at https://selfservice.udi.no/. If you already registered with the Application Portal for your application for permanent residency, you can use the same account to apply for citizenship.\\nOnce you log onto your user account, click through to complete the necessary citizenship application forms. Make sure all your answers are as thorough and detailed as possible. All fields marked with a yellow star must be completed before your application will be accepted.\\n3-2. Pay your application fee.\\nThe fee for a citizenship application, as of 2018, is NOK 3,700. Check the UDI website for the most current application fees. There are no fees for children under the age of 18.\\nIf you submit your application through the Application Portal, you can pay your application fee at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.\\nOnce you click the \\\"go to payment\\\" button, you will not be able to make any changes to your application online. If you make a mistake, you can correct it when you attend your appointment at the police station.\\n3-3. Take your supporting documentation to the police station.\\nAfter you submit your application, you can book an appointment with the police station nearest you to turn in all required documents that support statements you made in your application.\\nWhile documentation varies, it generally will include your birth certificate, marriage or partnership certificates, passport, tax return, police background check, proof of your language study, and test results for your language and social studies tests.\\nGo to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-for-citizenship/ and answer the questions to get a checklist of documents you must bring with you.\\n3-4. Wait for an answer to your application.\\nThe UDI will begin processing your application after all supporting documentation is received. You may be called in for an additional interview or asked to submit different documents to support your application.\\nTo get a reliable estimate of the processing time for your application, go to https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-norwegian-citizenship/ and answer the questions.\\nIf your application is rejected, you can appeal the decision. Information about the appeal process will be included in your notification of the UDI's decision.\\n3-5. Book an appointment to pick up your citizenship decision.\\nIf the UDI grants your citizenship application, you can pick up your papers at the police station nearest you. Your citizenship decision must be picked up in person within 3 months of the decision being made.\\nOnce you get your citizenship decision papers, you can apply for a Norwegian passport.\\nTake the notification letter you received with you to the police station, along with your old passport and your permanent residence card.\\n3-6. Renounce your former citizenship.\\nDual citizenship is not permitted in Norway. If you want to become a Norwegian citizen, you must formally renounce your former citizenship. Go to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to find out what steps are required to do this.\\nThe government has proposed allowing dual citizenship. However, until a law is passed by parliament, you still must renounce your former citizenship to become a Norwegian citizen. If a law was passed, this rule would not change until 2019 at the earliest.\\n3-7. Participate in the citizenship ceremony.\\nOnce citizenship is granted, you will receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony where you will formally be made a Norwegian citizen. While this ceremony is voluntary, it is a special event for most new citizens.\\nIf you opt not to participate in the ceremony, you're still a Norwegian citizen.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Citizens of other countries generally can apply to become citizens of Norway after having legally lived in the country for 7 years. Unless you are a citizen of the EU, this means you must obtain a permanent residence permit before you can apply for citizenship. The Norwegian people are proud of their language and culture, and this is reflected in the fact that you must study and pass tests in Norwegian social studies and the Norwegian language before you can become a citizen of the country.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Permanent Residency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hold a valid residency permit for at least 3 years.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, you become eligible to apply for permanent residency only after having legally lived in Norway under a residence permit for at least 3 years. Residency permits typically are granted for work or study in the country.\\nIf you are a spouse or unmarried partner cohabiting with a Norwegian national who works in a Norwegian embassy or consulate, you are exempt from the residency requirement.\\nIf you are an EU national, you automatically acquire permanent residency in Norway after living there for 5 years. You must provide proof that you have been living legally in the country for 5 years, and that you are working, studying, or otherwise self-sufficient.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become proficient in the Norwegian language.\", \"描述\": \"Although many Norwegians speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country, you must demonstrate your proficiency in the national language. Free online courses in Norwegian are available at https://www.ntnu.edu/learnnow/.\\nThere are other options available for learning Norwegian for free, or you can pay for commercial courses or private tutoring.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take Norwegian language and social studies tests.\", \"描述\": \"If you are between the ages of 16 and 55, you must pass an oral test in Norwegian at a minimum level of A1, and pass a written test in Norwegian social studies given in the language of your choice.\\nFor the Norwegian language test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/norwegian-language-test/. On this page, you can register to take the test either in the summer (June 5 – 12) or winter (November 26 – December 6). The page includes links to study materials and a practice test.\\nTo sign up for the social studies test, go to https://www.kompetansenorge.no/test-in-social-studies/.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep your criminal record clean.\", \"描述\": \"During the 3 years you live in Norway prior to applying for permanent residency, you can't have any criminal convictions. You also won't be eligible for permanent residency if you were ordered into involuntary psychiatric treatment or care.\\nHaving a conviction doesn't mean you can never become a permanent resident of Norway. However, you may have to wait until at least 3 years have passed since the date of conviction before you can apply.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Register on the Application Portal.\", \"描述\": \"Most applicants can complete their application for permanent residency using the online Application Portal for the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI). Go to https://selfservice.udi.no/ to create your user account.\\nFrom your user account on the Application Portal, you can fill out your application, submit your forms, book appointments, and check the status of your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate that you have financially supported yourself.\", \"描述\": \"UDI only grants permanent residency to applicants who demonstrate that they met the minimum income requirements for the previous year. In 2018, this amount was NOK 238,784.\\nThe applicable minimum income requirements and documentation required to prove your income will be listed on your application.\\nYou also cannot have received any social security payments during your residency period prior to submitting your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pay your permit fees.\", \"描述\": \"As of 2018, the permanent residence application fee for adults is NOK 3,100. There is no fee for children under 18. To check the latest application fees and get information on the method of payment, visit the UDI website.\\nIf you completed and submitted your application online, you can pay your fees online at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.\\nReview your responses to all the questions on your application before you submit it. Once you've clicked through to the payment screen, you won't be able to go back and make any changes.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take your supporting documents to the nearest police station.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've submitted your application, you can also make an appointment to hand in the necessary supporting documents at your local police station.\\nTo generate a checklist of the documents you're required to bring with you to your appointment, go to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-permanent-residence/ and answer a few questions about your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Wait for notification.\", \"描述\": \"After you've submitted your application, UDI will begin the review process. It typically takes from 3 to 6 months to process an application for permanent residence. You may be contacted if additional information or documentation is required to before your application can be granted.\\nYou can find out the approximate wait time for your application to be processed by visiting https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-permanent-residence/ and answering a few questions.\\nIf your application is denied, you can appeal the decision. Information on how to appeal will be included with your notification.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Book an appointment at the police station.\", \"描述\": \"If your application for permanent residency has been approved, you must visit the police station nearest you to complete the process and get your permanent resident card. Police will take your fingerprints and photo, then order your card for you.\\nYou can also book an appointment online from the Application Portal if you have an account set up there.\\nIf you have problems setting up an appointment online, call the police station directly. You cannot book an appointment through UDI.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Receive your residence card in the mail.\", \"描述\": \"Your card will be mailed to you when it's ready. Expect it to take at least 10 business days to arrive. If you have travel plans overseas, make sure to leave plenty of time to get your residence card before you leave the country. Otherwise, you may have difficulty when returning.\\nEven though it has your photo, your residence card is not considered proof of identity. When traveling outside of Norway, you still must carry your passport.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meeting Citizenship Conditions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live in Norway for at least 7 years.\", \"描述\": \"The \\\"period of stay\\\" condition is the first condition you must meet to be eligible for Norwegian citizenship. Most applicants must live in Norway with a residency permit for at least 7 uninterrupted years.\\nExceptions are made for some special groups of applicants, such as spouses of Norwegian nationals, athletes, or members of Norwegian nationals living abroad on foreign service missions at a Norwegian embassy or consulate.\\nBrief visits outside the country are allowed without your period of stay being interrupted. However, if you are outside the country for more than 2 months in any given year, your period of stay starts over.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain a clean criminal record while living in Norway.\", \"描述\": \"To become a citizen of Norway, you must be able to prove that during your period of stay, you have had no criminal convictions or ordered psychiatric treatment.\\nIf you have a criminal conviction, you may still be able to get Norwegian citizenship. However, you typically have to wait. The length of your waiting period depends on the penal sanction that was imposed as a result of your conviction.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have your identity clarified.\", \"描述\": \"The Norwegian government must confirm your identity with reliable documentation before you are eligible for citizenship. In most cases, this requires you to provide a valid passport from your home country.\\nIf for some reason you no longer have a valid passport, other documents, such as a birth certificate, may be used.\\nNorway does not consider documents from some countries, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia, to be reliable. This is generally because the governments of these countries are not stable, or were recently unstable. If you come from such a country, there are additional steps needed to confirm your identity.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass an oral Norwegian test at the A2 level.\", \"描述\": \"To become a citizen of Norway, you must demonstrate proficiency in the Norwegian language at the A2 level or higher. If you passed the Norwegian test for your permanent residency at the A1 level, you must take it again to reach the A2 level.\\nIf you already passed the oral Norwegian test at the A2 level for your permanent residency, you do not have to take the test again.\\nInformation about the language test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the Norwegian citizenship test.\", \"描述\": \"When you took the social studies test for permanent residency, you were allowed to take it in the language of your choosing. If you took the test in your own language, you must take it again in Norwegian to qualify for citizenship.\\nInformation about the citizenship (social studies) test is available on the Skills Norway website at https://www.kompetansenorge.no/English/.\\nIf you took the Norwegian citizenship test in Norwegian for your permanent residency and passed, you do not have to take it again when you apply for citizenship.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for Citizenship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your application.\", \"描述\": \"You can apply for citizenship online using the UDI's Application Portal at https://selfservice.udi.no/. If you already registered with the Application Portal for your application for permanent residency, you can use the same account to apply for citizenship.\\nOnce you log onto your user account, click through to complete the necessary citizenship application forms. Make sure all your answers are as thorough and detailed as possible. All fields marked with a yellow star must be completed before your application will be accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pay your application fee.\", \"描述\": \"The fee for a citizenship application, as of 2018, is NOK 3,700. Check the UDI website for the most current application fees. There are no fees for children under the age of 18.\\nIf you submit your application through the Application Portal, you can pay your application fee at the same time using a Visa or MasterCard.\\nOnce you click the \\\"go to payment\\\" button, you will not be able to make any changes to your application online. If you make a mistake, you can correct it when you attend your appointment at the police station.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take your supporting documentation to the police station.\", \"描述\": \"After you submit your application, you can book an appointment with the police station nearest you to turn in all required documents that support statements you made in your application.\\nWhile documentation varies, it generally will include your birth certificate, marriage or partnership certificates, passport, tax return, police background check, proof of your language study, and test results for your language and social studies tests.\\nGo to https://www.udi.no/en/checklists-container/citizenship-travel-permanent/checklist-for-citizenship/ and answer the questions to get a checklist of documents you must bring with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait for an answer to your application.\", \"描述\": \"The UDI will begin processing your application after all supporting documentation is received. You may be called in for an additional interview or asked to submit different documents to support your application.\\nTo get a reliable estimate of the processing time for your application, go to https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/guide-to-case-processing-times-for-applications-for-norwegian-citizenship/ and answer the questions.\\nIf your application is rejected, you can appeal the decision. Information about the appeal process will be included in your notification of the UDI's decision.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Book an appointment to pick up your citizenship decision.\", \"描述\": \"If the UDI grants your citizenship application, you can pick up your papers at the police station nearest you. Your citizenship decision must be picked up in person within 3 months of the decision being made.\\nOnce you get your citizenship decision papers, you can apply for a Norwegian passport.\\nTake the notification letter you received with you to the police station, along with your old passport and your permanent residence card.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Renounce your former citizenship.\", \"描述\": \"Dual citizenship is not permitted in Norway. If you want to become a Norwegian citizen, you must formally renounce your former citizenship. Go to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to find out what steps are required to do this.\\nThe government has proposed allowing dual citizenship. However, until a law is passed by parliament, you still must renounce your former citizenship to become a Norwegian citizen. If a law was passed, this rule would not change until 2019 at the earliest.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Participate in the citizenship ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"Once citizenship is granted, you will receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony where you will formally be made a Norwegian citizen. While this ceremony is voluntary, it is a special event for most new citizens.\\nIf you opt not to participate in the ceremony, you're still a Norwegian citizen.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,275 |
How to Become a Citizen of Spain
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1. Determining Your Eligibility
1-1. Check to see if you are eligible to apply by ‘Option.
’ The easiest way to become a Spanish citizen is to have Spanish heritage. If one or both of your parents are from Spain, chances are you’re eligible to apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option,’ meaning you don’t have to meet the requirements applicable to people with no connection to Spain. You’re eligible to apply by ‘Option’ if you:
were born in another country to a Spanish parent
were born in Spain to foreign parents, but at least one of them was also born in Spain
are married to a Spanish national
1-2. Figure out if you’re exempt from the 10-year residence requirement.
People who can’t apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option’ are required to live in Spain for 10 years before applying to be naturalized, but in some cases that period is shortened. You may not have a parent who’s Spanish, but there are other ways in which you might have a strong connection to Spain. You may be exempt from the 10-year residence requirement if you:
were legally adopted by a Spaniard
were born in Spain to foreign parents, but their nation of origin is unknown or they are refugees
are from Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or a Spanish-American country (residence requirement: 2 years)
are descended from Sephardic Jews who were driven from Spain.
1-3. Consider how your EU status might affect your application process.
Citizens of the EU can move between EU states relatively freely. If you’re an EU national, you can live and work in Spain without needing work or residence visas, though you will still have to live in Spain 10 years if seeking citizenship. Non-EU citizens must go through a few extra steps; after 5 years in Spain, they must become legally recognized permanent residents.
The status of British expats living in Spain is still unclear in the aftermath of Brexit. If you’re already living there, it’s likely you’ll be granted permanent residency rights similar to those granted to non-EU nationals who’ve lived in Spain the requisite 5 years. Depending on how long you plan to stay in Spain, you may need to apply for citizenship in the future.
2. Becoming a Permanent Resident
2-1. Get a residence card when you first move to Spain.
Non-EU citizens may visit Spain for up to 90 days on a tourist visa, but if your intention is to live in Spain long-term, you must apply for a residence card within 30 days of arriving in the country. You have to get it renewed every year, proving each time that you’re financially stable and independent. To get the card, go to a police station or designated office and be ready to submit the following documents:
Photocopies of your passport
Proof of your current address in Spain
Work contract or other reason for residency
A financial plan for how you will support yourself
2-2. Live legally in Spain for 5 consecutive years.
If you’re a non-EU citizen who’s lived in Spain for 5 years, you can apply for an EU long-term residence permit. This document allows you to live in Spain indefinitely, while granting you many of the same rights as Spanish and EU citizens, including:
right to work in an EU state
educational and vocational training
health assistance and other central benefits
access to goods and services.
2-3. Apply for an EU long-term residence permit.
Non-EU nationals have to meet a higher standard than EU citizens to be allowed to live and work permanently in Spain. After you’ve lived in Spain for 5 years, you’ll need to prove that you support yourself financially, and that your residence over the past 5 years has been legal. To get the permit, go to the Civil Registry closest to you and be prepared to show the following:
a pension, scholarship, or salary proving you’re financially stable
health insurance from a company authorized to operate within Spain
a valid passport
rental contract, receipts for rent, or other documentation proving you’ve legally lived in Spain
certificate of a clean criminal record issued from your home country
official documents recognizing your marital status, if married or divorced
2-4. Stay in Spain or risk your permit being revoked.
If you want to become a citizen, you must live in Spain an additional 5 years after gaining permanent resident status before you can apply. You’ll lose your long-term residence permit if you live outside of Spain for more than 2 consecutive years.
3. Applying for Spanish Citizenship
3-1. Reside legally in Spain for 10 years.
When you don’t have Spanish heritage, the Spanish government wants to be sure that you are really committed to Spain before it grants you citizenship. The 10-year residence requirement helps them know you’re serious about staying. Once you’ve lived in Spain for a decade, you’re eligible to be naturalized as a full Spanish citizen, putting you on equal legal footing with people born and raised in Spain. That means you’ll finally have the right to vote in Spanish and EU elections.
When you apply for full Spanish citizenship, the authorities will determine whether or not you’ve sufficiently integrated into Spanish society. That means that they’ll want you to speak Spanish and to have taken part in festivals, traditions, and cultural rituals that are part of the Spanish way of life.
They’ll also want you to prove that you’re a ‘good citizen,’ i.e., you have no criminal record, you’re financially stable, and you pay taxes.
3-2. Take a DELE language exam and score a minimum CEFR A2 in Spanish.
DELE, or Diplomas de Español como Lengua Extranjera, are permanently-valid diplomas issued by the Spanish government to people who pass a standardized language test. Unless Spanish is your first language, you’ll need to score at least an A2—“low intermediate.” You’ll be issued a certificate verifying your results, which you’ll need as part of your citizenship application materials.
DELE offers exams 6-7 times per year, but you’ll have to register in advance https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/cuando. The exam costs between 100€ and 200€ to take.
3-3. Pass the CCSE exam.
The constitutional and sociocultural knowledge test of Spain, or CCSE test, is a 25-question multiple choice exam testing your general knowledge of Spanish culture and law. It’s administered by the same ministry of the Spanish government that runs the language exams, but it only costs 85€. The CCSE exam is offered once a month at every Instituto Cervantes center, and you can expect results back within 3 weeks.
3-4. Fill out the Spanish citizenship application form.
You can complete the form entirely online through the SEDE electrónica, or in-person at your local Civil Registry. Its questions are fairly straightforward: simply write down your name and information, plus why you’re applying for Spanish citizenship.
Even if you fill out the form online, your Civil Registry will most likely contact you for an in-person appointment before your application materials can be approved.
3-5. Bring supporting documents to the closest Civil Registry.
The citizenship application form is only one piece of the documentation you’ll be asked to supply. Plot out at least three months to acquire all the requisite certificates and forms before you make the trip to the Civil Registry. When you do go, be prepared to show the following documents:
citizenship application form
DELE diploma with a score of A2 or higher
CCSE exam with a passing grade
original and photocopy version of a valid TIE (tarjeta de identidad de extranjero)
original and photocopy version of each page of your passport
birth certificate, printed within the past 90 days and with sworn translation attached (if not printed in Spanish)
clean criminal record or background check issued from your home country within the past 90 days, with a sworn translation attached
Spanish criminal record certificate, printed within the last 90 days
government registration certificate, printed within the last 90 days
application payment of 100€
3-6. Wait to hear back on the status of your application.
Unlike with visa and residency requests, the Spanish government has no solid time-frame for deciding on citizenship applications. It may take anywhere from 18 months for 4 years to receive an answer, so be patient and make sure you’re still legally allowed to live in Spain in the meantime.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Determining Your Eligibility\\n1-1. Check to see if you are eligible to apply by ‘Option.\\n’ The easiest way to become a Spanish citizen is to have Spanish heritage. If one or both of your parents are from Spain, chances are you’re eligible to apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option,’ meaning you don’t have to meet the requirements applicable to people with no connection to Spain. You’re eligible to apply by ‘Option’ if you:\\nwere born in another country to a Spanish parent\\nwere born in Spain to foreign parents, but at least one of them was also born in Spain\\nare married to a Spanish national\\n1-2. Figure out if you’re exempt from the 10-year residence requirement.\\nPeople who can’t apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option’ are required to live in Spain for 10 years before applying to be naturalized, but in some cases that period is shortened. You may not have a parent who’s Spanish, but there are other ways in which you might have a strong connection to Spain. You may be exempt from the 10-year residence requirement if you:\\nwere legally adopted by a Spaniard\\nwere born in Spain to foreign parents, but their nation of origin is unknown or they are refugees\\nare from Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or a Spanish-American country (residence requirement: 2 years)\\nare descended from Sephardic Jews who were driven from Spain.\\n1-3. Consider how your EU status might affect your application process.\\nCitizens of the EU can move between EU states relatively freely. If you’re an EU national, you can live and work in Spain without needing work or residence visas, though you will still have to live in Spain 10 years if seeking citizenship. Non-EU citizens must go through a few extra steps; after 5 years in Spain, they must become legally recognized permanent residents.\\nThe status of British expats living in Spain is still unclear in the aftermath of Brexit. If you’re already living there, it’s likely you’ll be granted permanent residency rights similar to those granted to non-EU nationals who’ve lived in Spain the requisite 5 years. Depending on how long you plan to stay in Spain, you may need to apply for citizenship in the future.\\n2. Becoming a Permanent Resident\\n2-1. Get a residence card when you first move to Spain.\\nNon-EU citizens may visit Spain for up to 90 days on a tourist visa, but if your intention is to live in Spain long-term, you must apply for a residence card within 30 days of arriving in the country. You have to get it renewed every year, proving each time that you’re financially stable and independent. To get the card, go to a police station or designated office and be ready to submit the following documents:\\nPhotocopies of your passport\\nProof of your current address in Spain\\nWork contract or other reason for residency\\nA financial plan for how you will support yourself\\n2-2. Live legally in Spain for 5 consecutive years.\\nIf you’re a non-EU citizen who’s lived in Spain for 5 years, you can apply for an EU long-term residence permit. This document allows you to live in Spain indefinitely, while granting you many of the same rights as Spanish and EU citizens, including:\\nright to work in an EU state\\neducational and vocational training\\nhealth assistance and other central benefits\\naccess to goods and services.\\n2-3. Apply for an EU long-term residence permit.\\nNon-EU nationals have to meet a higher standard than EU citizens to be allowed to live and work permanently in Spain. After you’ve lived in Spain for 5 years, you’ll need to prove that you support yourself financially, and that your residence over the past 5 years has been legal. To get the permit, go to the Civil Registry closest to you and be prepared to show the following:\\na pension, scholarship, or salary proving you’re financially stable\\nhealth insurance from a company authorized to operate within Spain\\na valid passport\\nrental contract, receipts for rent, or other documentation proving you’ve legally lived in Spain\\ncertificate of a clean criminal record issued from your home country\\nofficial documents recognizing your marital status, if married or divorced\\n2-4. Stay in Spain or risk your permit being revoked.\\nIf you want to become a citizen, you must live in Spain an additional 5 years after gaining permanent resident status before you can apply. You’ll lose your long-term residence permit if you live outside of Spain for more than 2 consecutive years.\\n3. Applying for Spanish Citizenship\\n3-1. Reside legally in Spain for 10 years.\\nWhen you don’t have Spanish heritage, the Spanish government wants to be sure that you are really committed to Spain before it grants you citizenship. The 10-year residence requirement helps them know you’re serious about staying. Once you’ve lived in Spain for a decade, you’re eligible to be naturalized as a full Spanish citizen, putting you on equal legal footing with people born and raised in Spain. That means you’ll finally have the right to vote in Spanish and EU elections.\\nWhen you apply for full Spanish citizenship, the authorities will determine whether or not you’ve sufficiently integrated into Spanish society. That means that they’ll want you to speak Spanish and to have taken part in festivals, traditions, and cultural rituals that are part of the Spanish way of life.\\nThey’ll also want you to prove that you’re a ‘good citizen,’ i.e., you have no criminal record, you’re financially stable, and you pay taxes.\\n3-2. Take a DELE language exam and score a minimum CEFR A2 in Spanish.\\nDELE, or Diplomas de Español como Lengua Extranjera, are permanently-valid diplomas issued by the Spanish government to people who pass a standardized language test. Unless Spanish is your first language, you’ll need to score at least an A2—“low intermediate.” You’ll be issued a certificate verifying your results, which you’ll need as part of your citizenship application materials.\\nDELE offers exams 6-7 times per year, but you’ll have to register in advance https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/cuando. The exam costs between 100€ and 200€ to take.\\n3-3. Pass the CCSE exam.\\nThe constitutional and sociocultural knowledge test of Spain, or CCSE test, is a 25-question multiple choice exam testing your general knowledge of Spanish culture and law. It’s administered by the same ministry of the Spanish government that runs the language exams, but it only costs 85€. The CCSE exam is offered once a month at every Instituto Cervantes center, and you can expect results back within 3 weeks.\\n3-4. Fill out the Spanish citizenship application form.\\nYou can complete the form entirely online through the SEDE electrónica, or in-person at your local Civil Registry. Its questions are fairly straightforward: simply write down your name and information, plus why you’re applying for Spanish citizenship.\\nEven if you fill out the form online, your Civil Registry will most likely contact you for an in-person appointment before your application materials can be approved.\\n3-5. Bring supporting documents to the closest Civil Registry.\\nThe citizenship application form is only one piece of the documentation you’ll be asked to supply. Plot out at least three months to acquire all the requisite certificates and forms before you make the trip to the Civil Registry. When you do go, be prepared to show the following documents:\\ncitizenship application form\\nDELE diploma with a score of A2 or higher\\nCCSE exam with a passing grade\\noriginal and photocopy version of a valid TIE (tarjeta de identidad de extranjero)\\noriginal and photocopy version of each page of your passport\\nbirth certificate, printed within the past 90 days and with sworn translation attached (if not printed in Spanish)\\nclean criminal record or background check issued from your home country within the past 90 days, with a sworn translation attached\\nSpanish criminal record certificate, printed within the last 90 days\\ngovernment registration certificate, printed within the last 90 days\\napplication payment of 100€\\n3-6. Wait to hear back on the status of your application.\\nUnlike with visa and residency requests, the Spanish government has no solid time-frame for deciding on citizenship applications. It may take anywhere from 18 months for 4 years to receive an answer, so be patient and make sure you’re still legally allowed to live in Spain in the meantime.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Leaving your home country for a new one is difficult enough on its own without the long process of applying for citizenship. Gaining Spanish citizenship can seem like an overwhelming task at first, but it’s far from impossible. There are multiple routes to becoming a Spanish citizen—you just have to figure out which one is right for you based on your situation, then make sure you have a valid passport, proof of residency in Spain, and relative financial stability.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determining Your Eligibility\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check to see if you are eligible to apply by ‘Option.\", \"描述\": \"’ The easiest way to become a Spanish citizen is to have Spanish heritage. If one or both of your parents are from Spain, chances are you’re eligible to apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option,’ meaning you don’t have to meet the requirements applicable to people with no connection to Spain. You’re eligible to apply by ‘Option’ if you:\\nwere born in another country to a Spanish parent\\nwere born in Spain to foreign parents, but at least one of them was also born in Spain\\nare married to a Spanish national\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Figure out if you’re exempt from the 10-year residence requirement.\", \"描述\": \"People who can’t apply for Spanish citizenship by ‘Option’ are required to live in Spain for 10 years before applying to be naturalized, but in some cases that period is shortened. You may not have a parent who’s Spanish, but there are other ways in which you might have a strong connection to Spain. You may be exempt from the 10-year residence requirement if you:\\nwere legally adopted by a Spaniard\\nwere born in Spain to foreign parents, but their nation of origin is unknown or they are refugees\\nare from Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or a Spanish-American country (residence requirement: 2 years)\\nare descended from Sephardic Jews who were driven from Spain.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider how your EU status might affect your application process.\", \"描述\": \"Citizens of the EU can move between EU states relatively freely. If you’re an EU national, you can live and work in Spain without needing work or residence visas, though you will still have to live in Spain 10 years if seeking citizenship. Non-EU citizens must go through a few extra steps; after 5 years in Spain, they must become legally recognized permanent residents.\\nThe status of British expats living in Spain is still unclear in the aftermath of Brexit. If you’re already living there, it’s likely you’ll be granted permanent residency rights similar to those granted to non-EU nationals who’ve lived in Spain the requisite 5 years. Depending on how long you plan to stay in Spain, you may need to apply for citizenship in the future.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Permanent Resident\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a residence card when you first move to Spain.\", \"描述\": \"Non-EU citizens may visit Spain for up to 90 days on a tourist visa, but if your intention is to live in Spain long-term, you must apply for a residence card within 30 days of arriving in the country. You have to get it renewed every year, proving each time that you’re financially stable and independent. To get the card, go to a police station or designated office and be ready to submit the following documents:\\nPhotocopies of your passport\\nProof of your current address in Spain\\nWork contract or other reason for residency\\nA financial plan for how you will support yourself\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Live legally in Spain for 5 consecutive years.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re a non-EU citizen who’s lived in Spain for 5 years, you can apply for an EU long-term residence permit. This document allows you to live in Spain indefinitely, while granting you many of the same rights as Spanish and EU citizens, including:\\nright to work in an EU state\\neducational and vocational training\\nhealth assistance and other central benefits\\naccess to goods and services.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for an EU long-term residence permit.\", \"描述\": \"Non-EU nationals have to meet a higher standard than EU citizens to be allowed to live and work permanently in Spain. After you’ve lived in Spain for 5 years, you’ll need to prove that you support yourself financially, and that your residence over the past 5 years has been legal. To get the permit, go to the Civil Registry closest to you and be prepared to show the following:\\na pension, scholarship, or salary proving you’re financially stable\\nhealth insurance from a company authorized to operate within Spain\\na valid passport\\nrental contract, receipts for rent, or other documentation proving you’ve legally lived in Spain\\ncertificate of a clean criminal record issued from your home country\\nofficial documents recognizing your marital status, if married or divorced\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay in Spain or risk your permit being revoked.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to become a citizen, you must live in Spain an additional 5 years after gaining permanent resident status before you can apply. You’ll lose your long-term residence permit if you live outside of Spain for more than 2 consecutive years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for Spanish Citizenship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reside legally in Spain for 10 years.\", \"描述\": \"When you don’t have Spanish heritage, the Spanish government wants to be sure that you are really committed to Spain before it grants you citizenship. The 10-year residence requirement helps them know you’re serious about staying. Once you’ve lived in Spain for a decade, you’re eligible to be naturalized as a full Spanish citizen, putting you on equal legal footing with people born and raised in Spain. That means you’ll finally have the right to vote in Spanish and EU elections.\\nWhen you apply for full Spanish citizenship, the authorities will determine whether or not you’ve sufficiently integrated into Spanish society. That means that they’ll want you to speak Spanish and to have taken part in festivals, traditions, and cultural rituals that are part of the Spanish way of life.\\nThey’ll also want you to prove that you’re a ‘good citizen,’ i.e., you have no criminal record, you’re financially stable, and you pay taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take a DELE language exam and score a minimum CEFR A2 in Spanish.\", \"描述\": \"DELE, or Diplomas de Español como Lengua Extranjera, are permanently-valid diplomas issued by the Spanish government to people who pass a standardized language test. Unless Spanish is your first language, you’ll need to score at least an A2—“low intermediate.” You’ll be issued a certificate verifying your results, which you’ll need as part of your citizenship application materials.\\nDELE offers exams 6-7 times per year, but you’ll have to register in advance https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/cuando. The exam costs between 100€ and 200€ to take.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the CCSE exam.\", \"描述\": \"The constitutional and sociocultural knowledge test of Spain, or CCSE test, is a 25-question multiple choice exam testing your general knowledge of Spanish culture and law. It’s administered by the same ministry of the Spanish government that runs the language exams, but it only costs 85€. The CCSE exam is offered once a month at every Instituto Cervantes center, and you can expect results back within 3 weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill out the Spanish citizenship application form.\", \"描述\": \"You can complete the form entirely online through the SEDE electrónica, or in-person at your local Civil Registry. Its questions are fairly straightforward: simply write down your name and information, plus why you’re applying for Spanish citizenship.\\nEven if you fill out the form online, your Civil Registry will most likely contact you for an in-person appointment before your application materials can be approved.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Bring supporting documents to the closest Civil Registry.\", \"描述\": \"The citizenship application form is only one piece of the documentation you’ll be asked to supply. Plot out at least three months to acquire all the requisite certificates and forms before you make the trip to the Civil Registry. When you do go, be prepared to show the following documents:\\ncitizenship application form\\nDELE diploma with a score of A2 or higher\\nCCSE exam with a passing grade\\noriginal and photocopy version of a valid TIE (tarjeta de identidad de extranjero)\\noriginal and photocopy version of each page of your passport\\nbirth certificate, printed within the past 90 days and with sworn translation attached (if not printed in Spanish)\\nclean criminal record or background check issued from your home country within the past 90 days, with a sworn translation attached\\nSpanish criminal record certificate, printed within the last 90 days\\ngovernment registration certificate, printed within the last 90 days\\napplication payment of 100€\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wait to hear back on the status of your application.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike with visa and residency requests, the Spanish government has no solid time-frame for deciding on citizenship applications. It may take anywhere from 18 months for 4 years to receive an answer, so be patient and make sure you’re still legally allowed to live in Spain in the meantime.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,276 |
How to Become a Civil Rights Attorney
|
1. What does a civil rights attorney do?
Legally protects people against discrimination and harassment.
Specifically, against discrimination and harassment because of physical or mental disabilities, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, religion, national origin, age, or status as a member of the armed forces. Additionally, they fight to protect civil liberties like the right to privacy and the freedoms of speech and expression, thought and conscience, religion, the press, and movement.
Civil rights attorneys are often passionate about a particular group or cause and specialize in this area of civil rights.
For example, you might choose to focus on African American civil rights or gender identity issues.
2. How many years of college are required?
Typically, it takes 7 years of university to become a civil rights lawyer.
It usually takes 4 years to earn a bachelor’s degree. After you complete a 4-year undergraduate program you have to go to law school for 3 years.
You might be able to complete your undergraduate program in less than 4 years if you take more than the required number of credits each semester.
Law school programs don’t allow you to set your own pace, but you might be able to find an accelerated program that takes less than 3 years.
3. What degree do you need to be a civil rights lawyer?
3-1. A bachelor’s degree from any discipline.
Law schools accept applicants with undergraduate degrees in any field. However, certain subjects like political science, history, criminal justice, and philosophy can make you more prepared for law school.
Choose courses in political science and history that cover civil rights issues to help you prepare for your future as a civil rights lawyer.
Courses that teach you problem solving, critical thinking, writing/editing, oral communication, research, and organization/management can also help prepare you for a career in law.
3-2. A Juris Doctor Law degree.
This is the degree that you earn after successfully completing a law school program. After you earn your J.D. Law degree, you can take the BAR exam, which you must pass to become a practicing attorney.
While in law school, take courses in constitutional law, civil rights litigation, employment discrimination, race and the law, human rights law, education law, family law, and disability law to help prepare you for a career as civil rights attorney.
Joining legal clinics, participating in MOOT courts, and applying for internships with law firms or civil rights organizations while you’re in law school are great ways to gain hands-on experience before you graduate.
4. Where can I study civil rights law?
Many law schools offer courses in various aspects of civil rights law.
Look for law schools that offer many courses about countering discrimination against people on the basis of their race, color, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, national origin, disability, age, or pregnancy. Choose a law school that makes sense for you in terms of cost and location.
Once you have an idea of a few law schools you might like to attend, look into them further to determine if they offer legal clinics in areas of civil rights laws. Attending a law school where you can get hands-on experience in the field can help you succeed even more upon graduation.
Some law schools with renowned civil rights law programs include New York University College of Law, Yale University Law School, Columbia Law School, University of Virginia Law School, and University of Michigan Law School, to name a few.
5. Do civil rights lawyers go to court?
Yes, the job description includes presenting cases to judges and juries.
However, civil rights lawyers do a lot more than just go to court. You’re responsibilities may also include deciphering laws and rulings for people or businesses, negotiating settlements, formulating legal briefs, and investigating legal data.
Keep in mind that as a civil rights attorney you may be tasked with handling high-profile court cases. You should be ready for the possibility of being in the public eye in such a case.
6. Do civil rights lawyers make a lot of money?
Civil rights attorneys typically make between $69,000 and $145,000 a year.
This varies depending on whether your work in the private sector or in the non-profit sector, with non-profit civil rights attorneys earning less. Naturally, entry-level civil rights lawyers make less than more experienced lawyers.
There are many other fields of law in which you can make a similar amount of money, so you should get into civil rights lawyers because you care about the issues, not just for the money.
7. Where do civil rights attorneys work?
7-1. Non-profit civil rights organizations.
After you finish law school and pass the BAR exam, one option is to search for openings at local, national, or international civil rights nonprofits. Check the websites of various organizations for job openings for civil rights attorneys or reach out to different nonprofits and let them know you’re interested in working for them.
Some top non-profit civil rights organizations in the U.S. include the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).
Amnesty International is one of the most well-known international civil rights nonprofits.
7-2. Government agencies.
There are various government agencies that are dedicated to civil rights. If you think you might like working for the government, research job openings on their websites and apply if you see any for civil rights attorney positions.
For example, in the U.S. government there are federal offices of civil rights in many departments including education, agriculture, justice, commerce, and homeland security, to name a few.
You can find a full list of U.S. federal agency civil rights offices here: https://www.justice.gov/crt/fcs/Agency-OCR-Offices
7-3. Public interest law firms with civil rights practices.
If you’re interested in working for a law firm in the private sector, look for firms that specialize in public interests including civil rights. The primary mission of these firms is to help underrepresented people and causes, rather than just to make money.
Though these types of firms are still for-profit law firms, the way they choose clients is more selective and they often offer flexible payment options and take on pro-bono cases.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What does a civil rights attorney do?\\nLegally protects people against discrimination and harassment.\\nSpecifically, against discrimination and harassment because of physical or mental disabilities, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, religion, national origin, age, or status as a member of the armed forces. Additionally, they fight to protect civil liberties like the right to privacy and the freedoms of speech and expression, thought and conscience, religion, the press, and movement.\\nCivil rights attorneys are often passionate about a particular group or cause and specialize in this area of civil rights.\\nFor example, you might choose to focus on African American civil rights or gender identity issues.\\n2. How many years of college are required?\\nTypically, it takes 7 years of university to become a civil rights lawyer.\\nIt usually takes 4 years to earn a bachelor’s degree. After you complete a 4-year undergraduate program you have to go to law school for 3 years.\\nYou might be able to complete your undergraduate program in less than 4 years if you take more than the required number of credits each semester.\\nLaw school programs don’t allow you to set your own pace, but you might be able to find an accelerated program that takes less than 3 years.\\n3. What degree do you need to be a civil rights lawyer?\\n3-1. A bachelor’s degree from any discipline.\\nLaw schools accept applicants with undergraduate degrees in any field. However, certain subjects like political science, history, criminal justice, and philosophy can make you more prepared for law school.\\nChoose courses in political science and history that cover civil rights issues to help you prepare for your future as a civil rights lawyer.\\nCourses that teach you problem solving, critical thinking, writing/editing, oral communication, research, and organization/management can also help prepare you for a career in law.\\n3-2. A Juris Doctor Law degree.\\nThis is the degree that you earn after successfully completing a law school program. After you earn your J.D. Law degree, you can take the BAR exam, which you must pass to become a practicing attorney.\\nWhile in law school, take courses in constitutional law, civil rights litigation, employment discrimination, race and the law, human rights law, education law, family law, and disability law to help prepare you for a career as civil rights attorney.\\nJoining legal clinics, participating in MOOT courts, and applying for internships with law firms or civil rights organizations while you’re in law school are great ways to gain hands-on experience before you graduate.\\n4. Where can I study civil rights law?\\nMany law schools offer courses in various aspects of civil rights law.\\nLook for law schools that offer many courses about countering discrimination against people on the basis of their race, color, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, national origin, disability, age, or pregnancy. Choose a law school that makes sense for you in terms of cost and location.\\nOnce you have an idea of a few law schools you might like to attend, look into them further to determine if they offer legal clinics in areas of civil rights laws. Attending a law school where you can get hands-on experience in the field can help you succeed even more upon graduation.\\nSome law schools with renowned civil rights law programs include New York University College of Law, Yale University Law School, Columbia Law School, University of Virginia Law School, and University of Michigan Law School, to name a few.\\n5. Do civil rights lawyers go to court?\\nYes, the job description includes presenting cases to judges and juries.\\nHowever, civil rights lawyers do a lot more than just go to court. You’re responsibilities may also include deciphering laws and rulings for people or businesses, negotiating settlements, formulating legal briefs, and investigating legal data.\\nKeep in mind that as a civil rights attorney you may be tasked with handling high-profile court cases. You should be ready for the possibility of being in the public eye in such a case.\\n6. Do civil rights lawyers make a lot of money?\\nCivil rights attorneys typically make between $69,000 and $145,000 a year.\\nThis varies depending on whether your work in the private sector or in the non-profit sector, with non-profit civil rights attorneys earning less. Naturally, entry-level civil rights lawyers make less than more experienced lawyers.\\nThere are many other fields of law in which you can make a similar amount of money, so you should get into civil rights lawyers because you care about the issues, not just for the money.\\n7. Where do civil rights attorneys work?\\n7-1. Non-profit civil rights organizations.\\nAfter you finish law school and pass the BAR exam, one option is to search for openings at local, national, or international civil rights nonprofits. Check the websites of various organizations for job openings for civil rights attorneys or reach out to different nonprofits and let them know you’re interested in working for them.\\nSome top non-profit civil rights organizations in the U.S. include the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).\\nAmnesty International is one of the most well-known international civil rights nonprofits.\\n7-2. Government agencies.\\nThere are various government agencies that are dedicated to civil rights. If you think you might like working for the government, research job openings on their websites and apply if you see any for civil rights attorney positions.\\nFor example, in the U.S. government there are federal offices of civil rights in many departments including education, agriculture, justice, commerce, and homeland security, to name a few.\\nYou can find a full list of U.S. federal agency civil rights offices here: https://www.justice.gov/crt/fcs/Agency-OCR-Offices\\n7-3. Public interest law firms with civil rights practices.\\nIf you’re interested in working for a law firm in the private sector, look for firms that specialize in public interests including civil rights. The primary mission of these firms is to help underrepresented people and causes, rather than just to make money.\\nThough these types of firms are still for-profit law firms, the way they choose clients is more selective and they often offer flexible payment options and take on pro-bono cases.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Civil rights attorneys focus on countering discrimination against individuals or groups. If you want to be a civil rights lawyer, you should be passionate about civil rights issues and really want to dedicate your life to defending people against discrimination and civil rights infringement. The process for becoming a civil rights attorney is similar to becoming any other type of lawyer, but there are things you can do to set yourself up for success in the field. We’ve put together answers to common questions you might have about becoming a civil rights attorney.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What does a civil rights attorney do?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Legally protects people against discrimination and harassment.\", \"描述\": \"Specifically, against discrimination and harassment because of physical or mental disabilities, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, religion, national origin, age, or status as a member of the armed forces. Additionally, they fight to protect civil liberties like the right to privacy and the freedoms of speech and expression, thought and conscience, religion, the press, and movement.\\nCivil rights attorneys are often passionate about a particular group or cause and specialize in this area of civil rights.\\nFor example, you might choose to focus on African American civil rights or gender identity issues.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How many years of college are required?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Typically, it takes 7 years of university to become a civil rights lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"It usually takes 4 years to earn a bachelor’s degree. After you complete a 4-year undergraduate program you have to go to law school for 3 years.\\nYou might be able to complete your undergraduate program in less than 4 years if you take more than the required number of credits each semester.\\nLaw school programs don’t allow you to set your own pace, but you might be able to find an accelerated program that takes less than 3 years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"What degree do you need to be a civil rights lawyer?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A bachelor’s degree from any discipline.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools accept applicants with undergraduate degrees in any field. However, certain subjects like political science, history, criminal justice, and philosophy can make you more prepared for law school.\\nChoose courses in political science and history that cover civil rights issues to help you prepare for your future as a civil rights lawyer.\\nCourses that teach you problem solving, critical thinking, writing/editing, oral communication, research, and organization/management can also help prepare you for a career in law.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"A Juris Doctor Law degree.\", \"描述\": \"This is the degree that you earn after successfully completing a law school program. After you earn your J.D. Law degree, you can take the BAR exam, which you must pass to become a practicing attorney.\\nWhile in law school, take courses in constitutional law, civil rights litigation, employment discrimination, race and the law, human rights law, education law, family law, and disability law to help prepare you for a career as civil rights attorney.\\nJoining legal clinics, participating in MOOT courts, and applying for internships with law firms or civil rights organizations while you’re in law school are great ways to gain hands-on experience before you graduate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Where can I study civil rights law?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Many law schools offer courses in various aspects of civil rights law.\", \"描述\": \"Look for law schools that offer many courses about countering discrimination against people on the basis of their race, color, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, national origin, disability, age, or pregnancy. Choose a law school that makes sense for you in terms of cost and location.\\nOnce you have an idea of a few law schools you might like to attend, look into them further to determine if they offer legal clinics in areas of civil rights laws. Attending a law school where you can get hands-on experience in the field can help you succeed even more upon graduation.\\nSome law schools with renowned civil rights law programs include New York University College of Law, Yale University Law School, Columbia Law School, University of Virginia Law School, and University of Michigan Law School, to name a few.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do civil rights lawyers go to court?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Yes, the job description includes presenting cases to judges and juries.\", \"描述\": \"However, civil rights lawyers do a lot more than just go to court. You’re responsibilities may also include deciphering laws and rulings for people or businesses, negotiating settlements, formulating legal briefs, and investigating legal data.\\nKeep in mind that as a civil rights attorney you may be tasked with handling high-profile court cases. You should be ready for the possibility of being in the public eye in such a case.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do civil rights lawyers make a lot of money?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Civil rights attorneys typically make between $69,000 and $145,000 a year.\", \"描述\": \"This varies depending on whether your work in the private sector or in the non-profit sector, with non-profit civil rights attorneys earning less. Naturally, entry-level civil rights lawyers make less than more experienced lawyers.\\nThere are many other fields of law in which you can make a similar amount of money, so you should get into civil rights lawyers because you care about the issues, not just for the money.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Where do civil rights attorneys work?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Non-profit civil rights organizations.\", \"描述\": \"After you finish law school and pass the BAR exam, one option is to search for openings at local, national, or international civil rights nonprofits. Check the websites of various organizations for job openings for civil rights attorneys or reach out to different nonprofits and let them know you’re interested in working for them.\\nSome top non-profit civil rights organizations in the U.S. include the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).\\nAmnesty International is one of the most well-known international civil rights nonprofits.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Government agencies.\", \"描述\": \"There are various government agencies that are dedicated to civil rights. If you think you might like working for the government, research job openings on their websites and apply if you see any for civil rights attorney positions.\\nFor example, in the U.S. government there are federal offices of civil rights in many departments including education, agriculture, justice, commerce, and homeland security, to name a few.\\nYou can find a full list of U.S. federal agency civil rights offices here: https://www.justice.gov/crt/fcs/Agency-OCR-Offices\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Public interest law firms with civil rights practices.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re interested in working for a law firm in the private sector, look for firms that specialize in public interests including civil rights. The primary mission of these firms is to help underrepresented people and causes, rather than just to make money.\\nThough these types of firms are still for-profit law firms, the way they choose clients is more selective and they often offer flexible payment options and take on pro-bono cases.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,277 |
How to Become a Civil War Corpse
|
1. Steps
1-1. Find your unit.
A quick Google search will tell you which reenacting groups are in your area. Also, it helps to live near where an actual Civil War battle took place.
1-2. Find out when a reenactment will take place.
Nothing is more embarrassing than running around a National Park by yourself and then falling over.
1-3. Make sure you have a period-accurate uniform.
Remember, the American Civil War was fought between the Union and Confederate armies. Knights and stormtroopers were not at the Battle of the Shiloh.
1-4. March into battle.
Some reenactors march in columns with their units. Others run onto the battlefield waving their arms and screaming. It's your call.
1-5. Get shot.
Make sure you time your falling over just after the sound of your enemy's gun. Nothing is more embarrassing than falling over to silence. You will look like the world's stupidest soldier. Also, take care not to fall over after the sound of your own side's guns, lest you look like you just got fragged.
1-6. Clutch your wound.
Spectators need to know where you've just been shot, and that it hurts. Hence the clutching.
1-7. Prepare your death cry.
This area is open to the most artistic interpretation. Most people go with AAAGGGHHH! but the more elaborate death cries also build backstory into your character. For example, try "This one's for you Aunt Be-AAAGGGHHH!" or "I'm coming for you Mr. Linc-AAAGGGHHH!". Another helpful tip is to reference the side you're fighting: "The only good Reb is a dead AAAGGGHHH!" The most important thing to remember with the death cry is you must interrupt whatever you were going to say with AAAGGGHHH!
1-8. Fall down.
If you're in the front rank, fall forward so you don't knock over the guy behind you, and if you are in the rear rank fall backward.
1-9. Lay there.
You must remain still until the battle is over. An exception to the rule is if the reenactment allows zombies (see Tips section).
Tips
Remember safety comes first,[5]
X
Research source
so don't make the death dramatic, also in some reenactment there are cannons, and tanks so don't get run over by the cannon or tank.
Be careful while "taking a hit" that you don't hit the guy next to you with your rifle, that can hurt.
Death cries should generally not be longer than Hamlet's "To Be or Not To Be" soliloquy.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Find your unit.\\nA quick Google search will tell you which reenacting groups are in your area. Also, it helps to live near where an actual Civil War battle took place.\\n1-2. Find out when a reenactment will take place.\\nNothing is more embarrassing than running around a National Park by yourself and then falling over.\\n1-3. Make sure you have a period-accurate uniform.\\nRemember, the American Civil War was fought between the Union and Confederate armies. Knights and stormtroopers were not at the Battle of the Shiloh.\\n1-4. March into battle.\\nSome reenactors march in columns with their units. Others run onto the battlefield waving their arms and screaming. It's your call.\\n1-5. Get shot.\\nMake sure you time your falling over just after the sound of your enemy's gun. Nothing is more embarrassing than falling over to silence. You will look like the world's stupidest soldier. Also, take care not to fall over after the sound of your own side's guns, lest you look like you just got fragged.\\n1-6. Clutch your wound.\\nSpectators need to know where you've just been shot, and that it hurts. Hence the clutching.\\n1-7. Prepare your death cry.\\nThis area is open to the most artistic interpretation. Most people go with AAAGGGHHH! but the more elaborate death cries also build backstory into your character. For example, try \\\"This one's for you Aunt Be-AAAGGGHHH!\\\" or \\\"I'm coming for you Mr. Linc-AAAGGGHHH!\\\". Another helpful tip is to reference the side you're fighting: \\\"The only good Reb is a dead AAAGGGHHH!\\\" The most important thing to remember with the death cry is you must interrupt whatever you were going to say with AAAGGGHHH!\\n1-8. Fall down.\\nIf you're in the front rank, fall forward so you don't knock over the guy behind you, and if you are in the rear rank fall backward.\\n1-9. Lay there.\\nYou must remain still until the battle is over. An exception to the rule is if the reenactment allows zombies (see Tips section).\\nTips\\nRemember safety comes first,[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n so don't make the death dramatic, also in some reenactment there are cannons, and tanks so don't get run over by the cannon or tank.\\nBe careful while \\\"taking a hit\\\" that you don't hit the guy next to you with your rifle, that can hurt.\\nDeath cries should generally not be longer than Hamlet's \\\"To Be or Not To Be\\\" soliloquy.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Charging up a hill, defending a post, maneuvering a flank; everyone wants to be the hero of Civil War reenactments, but one thing is always in short supply: corpses. But clutching your chest and falling down doesn't exactly cut it in terms of historical accuracy. This article will help get you started in the fine art of being one of the \\\"glorious dead.\\\"\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find your unit.\", \"描述\": \"A quick Google search will tell you which reenacting groups are in your area. Also, it helps to live near where an actual Civil War battle took place.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find out when a reenactment will take place.\", \"描述\": \"Nothing is more embarrassing than running around a National Park by yourself and then falling over.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have a period-accurate uniform.\", \"描述\": \"Remember, the American Civil War was fought between the Union and Confederate armies. Knights and stormtroopers were not at the Battle of the Shiloh.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"March into battle.\", \"描述\": \"Some reenactors march in columns with their units. Others run onto the battlefield waving their arms and screaming. It's your call.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get shot.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you time your falling over just after the sound of your enemy's gun. Nothing is more embarrassing than falling over to silence. You will look like the world's stupidest soldier. Also, take care not to fall over after the sound of your own side's guns, lest you look like you just got fragged.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Clutch your wound.\", \"描述\": \"Spectators need to know where you've just been shot, and that it hurts. Hence the clutching.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Prepare your death cry.\", \"描述\": \"This area is open to the most artistic interpretation. Most people go with AAAGGGHHH! but the more elaborate death cries also build backstory into your character. For example, try \\\"This one's for you Aunt Be-AAAGGGHHH!\\\" or \\\"I'm coming for you Mr. Linc-AAAGGGHHH!\\\". Another helpful tip is to reference the side you're fighting: \\\"The only good Reb is a dead AAAGGGHHH!\\\" The most important thing to remember with the death cry is you must interrupt whatever you were going to say with AAAGGGHHH!\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Fall down.\", \"描述\": \"If you're in the front rank, fall forward so you don't knock over the guy behind you, and if you are in the rear rank fall backward.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Lay there.\", \"描述\": \"You must remain still until the battle is over. An exception to the rule is if the reenactment allows zombies (see Tips section).\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember safety comes first,[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n so don't make the death dramatic, also in some reenactment there are cannons, and tanks so don't get run over by the cannon or tank.\\n\", \"Be careful while \\\"taking a hit\\\" that you don't hit the guy next to you with your rifle, that can hurt.\\n\", \"Death cries should generally not be longer than Hamlet's \\\"To Be or Not To Be\\\" soliloquy.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,278 |
How to Become a Claims Adjuster
|
1. Working on Your Education
1-1. Decide if claims adjuster is a good fit for you.
Most claims adjusters live active lives, as they spend their time out in the field investigating claims. The job can be high stress, but you won't be stuck behind a desk all the time.
Also, know that in many parts of this field, you'll be dealing with emergencies and catastrophes. That means that at some point you will be dealing with people who are facing the death of a loved one or coworker, and you'll likely be witness to some of the aftermath.
1-2. Get a high school diploma.
A high school diploma or its equivalent is absolutely necessary to work in the insurance field as a claims adjuster. In fact, you can enter some insurance agency at the entry level with just this level of education. Nonetheless, moving on for more education will be helpful.
1-3. Work on a bachelor's degree.
A bachelor's degree or even an associate's degree can be helpful to you if you want to become a claims adjuster. The problem is, it's helpful to decide what part of the field you want to work in before deciding on a degree. The best option is to follow what you love. For instance, if you enjoy numbers and details, perhaps pursue a degree in accounting so you can work in the financial claims adjusting, a field where you assess losses due to problems in the company such as equipment loss or employees striking.
Another option is getting an engineering degree, which can be helpful in assessing damage in the industrial fields.
If the idea of extra school isn't your thing, consider getting a trade school degree in auto repair, as being able to assess the cost of a repair is something you could use in the claims adjuster insurance business.
1-4. Decide what major course you want to take.
Mainly, claims adjusters are divided into two types, catastrophe and everyday claims. If you work as a catastrophe claim adjuster, you'll be the person on the ground after major weather events and emergencies, such as big tornadoes in Oklahoma or a hurricane hitting the coast. Because of the nature of these events, you may need to move around. Everyday claims adjusters focus on smaller events, such as car crashes, problems with homes, or claims made by companies.
1-5. Get the experience you need.
If you can, try to get an internship while you are still in school. You can often find internships through your school or by looking at some of the major insurance companies in your area. Often, you can take just a summer internship or one where you work a few hours a week. One of the best things about internships is you'll get on-the-job training for the career you want.
Ask your school if you can earn credit for your internship.
1-6. Develop the appropriate skills.
As a claims adjuster, you'll need a wide set of skills to help you in your day to day job. For instance, you'll need to be good in math, as you will be calculating the cost of damage. Focus on taking some math courses in high school and college so you'll be well prepared for that side of the job.
Develop analytical skills, as well. As an adjuster, you need to be able to look at all the pieces of data available before deciding on an amount or before deciding whether a claim is fraudulent. Taking college courses, especially philosophy and English courses, can help you become more analytical. However, you can also develop these skills in your everyday life, by stepping back and analyzing the facts of a situation. For instance, when you are trying to make a decision about what car to buy, analyze all the details you have available to make your decision.
Focus on communication and interpersonal skills. In this job, you must talk to a wide range of people and then present the facts compelling about why you made the decision you did, usually in writing. Taking English classes and speech classes will help develop these skills, but so will working in retail and talking to people you meet out in the world to try to get to know them better.
2. Becoming Licensed
2-1. Check your state's requirements.
What is required for your license will vary by state. Therefore, check with your state's insurance board to find out what's required for a license in your state.
2-2. Schedule your exam.
Your state board will tell you who you need to schedule your exam with and what you will need to study for it. For instance, in Oklahoma, you take your exam with PSI Exams Online, at a cost of $20 to $40 in 2015, depending on what you take.
2-3. Study for your exam.
Most states will have study material available to you so that you can study for your exam. You may also be able to find a class in your state that will help you prepare for the exam you are going to take. Which you chose depends on how disciplined you are in your studying.
2-4. Meet any other requirements set out by your state.
Passing the exam may be all your state requires for you to get licensed, which is how it is in Oklahoma. However, in other states, you may need to meet other requirements, such as having 2 years worth of experience in the field, as it is in California, before you can take the exam.
2-5. Take the exam.
Once you feel you are ready, take the exam. Most of the time, you can take the exam online once you register to take it.[Image:Study-a-Week-Before-an-Exam-Step-13.jpg|center]]
2-6. Apply for your license.
Once you pass the exam, you can apply for your license. What the application requires also varies by state. However, you should receive notification of whether you received a license within a month.
2-7. Renew as needed.
Most of the time, these licenses need to be renewed periodically. You may need to meet certain requirements before it is renewed, as well. For instance, in California, you must renew every 2 years, and in each set of 2 years, you must take 24 hours of continuing education, including an ethics course.
Continuing education credits can be fulfilled in a number of ways. For instance, you can go the normal route and take classes and workshops. However, you can also write for big publications in your field or give a workshop or lecture yourself.
3. Becoming a Claims Adjuster
3-1. Choose your path.
When you enter the market, you'll need to decide whether you want to work as a staff member or an independent contractor. As a staff worker, you must show up for certain shifts every week, but the work will be steadier. As a contractor, you'll have more control over your time in some ways, but your work will likely be less steady. Also, you may be called at all hours of the day and night.
3-2. Find entry-level positions.
You can find positions on major job websites, such as Monster, Yahoo!, or Indeed. However, you can also look on the websites for major insurance companies. Most companies have an area where they will list available jobs.
3-3. Use everything you have.
If you've gained experience as an intern, use that to get your foot in the door. In fact, it's best to try at the company you worked at before, especially if you left a good impression. If you don't want to return there, you can use that experience to help you stand out from other candidates who are fresh out of school and who don't have the skills you do.
3-4. Match your skills to the job.
As noted, certain skills transfer from job to job. For instance, if you've worked in retail, you likely have good interpersonal skills, so you can spin that in your interview. If you've worked as a cop or in security, you've likely done similar work to what you'll do as an adjuster; that is, you'll investigate a scene, looking for clues and talking to witnesses.
3-5. Understand how you will start out.
You won't start out in the big leagues. In fact, you'll start off with small claims that won't cost the company so much if you make a mistake. In addition, you'll probably work under someone more experienced to learn the ropes.
3-6. Do your job well.
The best way to continue moving up the ladder is to do your job well. If you feel you can't do it very well yet, ask senior claims adjusters for advice, and don't be afraid to study in your own time so you can become better at what you're doing.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Working on Your Education\\n1-1. Decide if claims adjuster is a good fit for you.\\nMost claims adjusters live active lives, as they spend their time out in the field investigating claims. The job can be high stress, but you won't be stuck behind a desk all the time.\\nAlso, know that in many parts of this field, you'll be dealing with emergencies and catastrophes. That means that at some point you will be dealing with people who are facing the death of a loved one or coworker, and you'll likely be witness to some of the aftermath.\\n1-2. Get a high school diploma.\\nA high school diploma or its equivalent is absolutely necessary to work in the insurance field as a claims adjuster. In fact, you can enter some insurance agency at the entry level with just this level of education. Nonetheless, moving on for more education will be helpful.\\n1-3. Work on a bachelor's degree.\\nA bachelor's degree or even an associate's degree can be helpful to you if you want to become a claims adjuster. The problem is, it's helpful to decide what part of the field you want to work in before deciding on a degree. The best option is to follow what you love. For instance, if you enjoy numbers and details, perhaps pursue a degree in accounting so you can work in the financial claims adjusting, a field where you assess losses due to problems in the company such as equipment loss or employees striking.\\nAnother option is getting an engineering degree, which can be helpful in assessing damage in the industrial fields.\\nIf the idea of extra school isn't your thing, consider getting a trade school degree in auto repair, as being able to assess the cost of a repair is something you could use in the claims adjuster insurance business.\\n1-4. Decide what major course you want to take.\\nMainly, claims adjusters are divided into two types, catastrophe and everyday claims. If you work as a catastrophe claim adjuster, you'll be the person on the ground after major weather events and emergencies, such as big tornadoes in Oklahoma or a hurricane hitting the coast. Because of the nature of these events, you may need to move around. Everyday claims adjusters focus on smaller events, such as car crashes, problems with homes, or claims made by companies.\\n1-5. Get the experience you need.\\nIf you can, try to get an internship while you are still in school. You can often find internships through your school or by looking at some of the major insurance companies in your area. Often, you can take just a summer internship or one where you work a few hours a week. One of the best things about internships is you'll get on-the-job training for the career you want.\\nAsk your school if you can earn credit for your internship.\\n1-6. Develop the appropriate skills.\\nAs a claims adjuster, you'll need a wide set of skills to help you in your day to day job. For instance, you'll need to be good in math, as you will be calculating the cost of damage. Focus on taking some math courses in high school and college so you'll be well prepared for that side of the job.\\nDevelop analytical skills, as well. As an adjuster, you need to be able to look at all the pieces of data available before deciding on an amount or before deciding whether a claim is fraudulent. Taking college courses, especially philosophy and English courses, can help you become more analytical. However, you can also develop these skills in your everyday life, by stepping back and analyzing the facts of a situation. For instance, when you are trying to make a decision about what car to buy, analyze all the details you have available to make your decision.\\nFocus on communication and interpersonal skills. In this job, you must talk to a wide range of people and then present the facts compelling about why you made the decision you did, usually in writing. Taking English classes and speech classes will help develop these skills, but so will working in retail and talking to people you meet out in the world to try to get to know them better.\\n2. Becoming Licensed\\n2-1. Check your state's requirements.\\nWhat is required for your license will vary by state. Therefore, check with your state's insurance board to find out what's required for a license in your state.\\n2-2. Schedule your exam.\\nYour state board will tell you who you need to schedule your exam with and what you will need to study for it. For instance, in Oklahoma, you take your exam with PSI Exams Online, at a cost of $20 to $40 in 2015, depending on what you take.\\n2-3. Study for your exam.\\nMost states will have study material available to you so that you can study for your exam. You may also be able to find a class in your state that will help you prepare for the exam you are going to take. Which you chose depends on how disciplined you are in your studying.\\n2-4. Meet any other requirements set out by your state.\\nPassing the exam may be all your state requires for you to get licensed, which is how it is in Oklahoma. However, in other states, you may need to meet other requirements, such as having 2 years worth of experience in the field, as it is in California, before you can take the exam.\\n2-5. Take the exam.\\nOnce you feel you are ready, take the exam. Most of the time, you can take the exam online once you register to take it.[Image:Study-a-Week-Before-an-Exam-Step-13.jpg|center]]\\n2-6. Apply for your license.\\nOnce you pass the exam, you can apply for your license. What the application requires also varies by state. However, you should receive notification of whether you received a license within a month.\\n2-7. Renew as needed.\\nMost of the time, these licenses need to be renewed periodically. You may need to meet certain requirements before it is renewed, as well. For instance, in California, you must renew every 2 years, and in each set of 2 years, you must take 24 hours of continuing education, including an ethics course.\\nContinuing education credits can be fulfilled in a number of ways. For instance, you can go the normal route and take classes and workshops. However, you can also write for big publications in your field or give a workshop or lecture yourself.\\n3. Becoming a Claims Adjuster\\n3-1. Choose your path.\\nWhen you enter the market, you'll need to decide whether you want to work as a staff member or an independent contractor. As a staff worker, you must show up for certain shifts every week, but the work will be steadier. As a contractor, you'll have more control over your time in some ways, but your work will likely be less steady. Also, you may be called at all hours of the day and night.\\n3-2. Find entry-level positions.\\nYou can find positions on major job websites, such as Monster, Yahoo!, or Indeed. However, you can also look on the websites for major insurance companies. Most companies have an area where they will list available jobs.\\n3-3. Use everything you have.\\nIf you've gained experience as an intern, use that to get your foot in the door. In fact, it's best to try at the company you worked at before, especially if you left a good impression. If you don't want to return there, you can use that experience to help you stand out from other candidates who are fresh out of school and who don't have the skills you do.\\n3-4. Match your skills to the job.\\nAs noted, certain skills transfer from job to job. For instance, if you've worked in retail, you likely have good interpersonal skills, so you can spin that in your interview. If you've worked as a cop or in security, you've likely done similar work to what you'll do as an adjuster; that is, you'll investigate a scene, looking for clues and talking to witnesses.\\n3-5. Understand how you will start out.\\nYou won't start out in the big leagues. In fact, you'll start off with small claims that won't cost the company so much if you make a mistake. In addition, you'll probably work under someone more experienced to learn the ropes.\\n3-6. Do your job well.\\nThe best way to continue moving up the ladder is to do your job well. If you feel you can't do it very well yet, ask senior claims adjusters for advice, and don't be afraid to study in your own time so you can become better at what you're doing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re a recent high school graduate just starting out or even a seasoned professional embarking on a career change, consider whether you want to become a claims adjuster for an insurance company. Claims adjusters (also known as “loss adjusters”) review claims for property damage or bodily injury made by an insurance company’s policy holders. As a claims adjuster, you'll likely have a fairly interesting job, but you have to get your education first.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Working on Your Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if claims adjuster is a good fit for you.\", \"描述\": \"Most claims adjusters live active lives, as they spend their time out in the field investigating claims. The job can be high stress, but you won't be stuck behind a desk all the time.\\nAlso, know that in many parts of this field, you'll be dealing with emergencies and catastrophes. That means that at some point you will be dealing with people who are facing the death of a loved one or coworker, and you'll likely be witness to some of the aftermath.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"A high school diploma or its equivalent is absolutely necessary to work in the insurance field as a claims adjuster. In fact, you can enter some insurance agency at the entry level with just this level of education. Nonetheless, moving on for more education will be helpful.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work on a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor's degree or even an associate's degree can be helpful to you if you want to become a claims adjuster. The problem is, it's helpful to decide what part of the field you want to work in before deciding on a degree. The best option is to follow what you love. For instance, if you enjoy numbers and details, perhaps pursue a degree in accounting so you can work in the financial claims adjusting, a field where you assess losses due to problems in the company such as equipment loss or employees striking.\\nAnother option is getting an engineering degree, which can be helpful in assessing damage in the industrial fields.\\nIf the idea of extra school isn't your thing, consider getting a trade school degree in auto repair, as being able to assess the cost of a repair is something you could use in the claims adjuster insurance business.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide what major course you want to take.\", \"描述\": \"Mainly, claims adjusters are divided into two types, catastrophe and everyday claims. If you work as a catastrophe claim adjuster, you'll be the person on the ground after major weather events and emergencies, such as big tornadoes in Oklahoma or a hurricane hitting the coast. Because of the nature of these events, you may need to move around. Everyday claims adjusters focus on smaller events, such as car crashes, problems with homes, or claims made by companies.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get the experience you need.\", \"描述\": \"If you can, try to get an internship while you are still in school. You can often find internships through your school or by looking at some of the major insurance companies in your area. Often, you can take just a summer internship or one where you work a few hours a week. One of the best things about internships is you'll get on-the-job training for the career you want.\\nAsk your school if you can earn credit for your internship.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Develop the appropriate skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a claims adjuster, you'll need a wide set of skills to help you in your day to day job. For instance, you'll need to be good in math, as you will be calculating the cost of damage. Focus on taking some math courses in high school and college so you'll be well prepared for that side of the job.\\nDevelop analytical skills, as well. As an adjuster, you need to be able to look at all the pieces of data available before deciding on an amount or before deciding whether a claim is fraudulent. Taking college courses, especially philosophy and English courses, can help you become more analytical. However, you can also develop these skills in your everyday life, by stepping back and analyzing the facts of a situation. For instance, when you are trying to make a decision about what car to buy, analyze all the details you have available to make your decision.\\nFocus on communication and interpersonal skills. In this job, you must talk to a wide range of people and then present the facts compelling about why you made the decision you did, usually in writing. Taking English classes and speech classes will help develop these skills, but so will working in retail and talking to people you meet out in the world to try to get to know them better.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your state's requirements.\", \"描述\": \"What is required for your license will vary by state. Therefore, check with your state's insurance board to find out what's required for a license in your state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Schedule your exam.\", \"描述\": \"Your state board will tell you who you need to schedule your exam with and what you will need to study for it. For instance, in Oklahoma, you take your exam with PSI Exams Online, at a cost of $20 to $40 in 2015, depending on what you take.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study for your exam.\", \"描述\": \"Most states will have study material available to you so that you can study for your exam. You may also be able to find a class in your state that will help you prepare for the exam you are going to take. Which you chose depends on how disciplined you are in your studying.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Meet any other requirements set out by your state.\", \"描述\": \"Passing the exam may be all your state requires for you to get licensed, which is how it is in Oklahoma. However, in other states, you may need to meet other requirements, such as having 2 years worth of experience in the field, as it is in California, before you can take the exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you feel you are ready, take the exam. Most of the time, you can take the exam online once you register to take it.[Image:Study-a-Week-Before-an-Exam-Step-13.jpg|center]]\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply for your license.\", \"描述\": \"Once you pass the exam, you can apply for your license. What the application requires also varies by state. However, you should receive notification of whether you received a license within a month.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Renew as needed.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the time, these licenses need to be renewed periodically. You may need to meet certain requirements before it is renewed, as well. For instance, in California, you must renew every 2 years, and in each set of 2 years, you must take 24 hours of continuing education, including an ethics course.\\nContinuing education credits can be fulfilled in a number of ways. For instance, you can go the normal route and take classes and workshops. However, you can also write for big publications in your field or give a workshop or lecture yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Claims Adjuster\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose your path.\", \"描述\": \"When you enter the market, you'll need to decide whether you want to work as a staff member or an independent contractor. As a staff worker, you must show up for certain shifts every week, but the work will be steadier. As a contractor, you'll have more control over your time in some ways, but your work will likely be less steady. Also, you may be called at all hours of the day and night.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find entry-level positions.\", \"描述\": \"You can find positions on major job websites, such as Monster, Yahoo!, or Indeed. However, you can also look on the websites for major insurance companies. Most companies have an area where they will list available jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use everything you have.\", \"描述\": \"If you've gained experience as an intern, use that to get your foot in the door. In fact, it's best to try at the company you worked at before, especially if you left a good impression. If you don't want to return there, you can use that experience to help you stand out from other candidates who are fresh out of school and who don't have the skills you do.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Match your skills to the job.\", \"描述\": \"As noted, certain skills transfer from job to job. For instance, if you've worked in retail, you likely have good interpersonal skills, so you can spin that in your interview. If you've worked as a cop or in security, you've likely done similar work to what you'll do as an adjuster; that is, you'll investigate a scene, looking for clues and talking to witnesses.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Understand how you will start out.\", \"描述\": \"You won't start out in the big leagues. In fact, you'll start off with small claims that won't cost the company so much if you make a mistake. In addition, you'll probably work under someone more experienced to learn the ropes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do your job well.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to continue moving up the ladder is to do your job well. If you feel you can't do it very well yet, ask senior claims adjusters for advice, and don't be afraid to study in your own time so you can become better at what you're doing.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,279 |
How to Become a Clinical Laboratory Scientist
|
1. Earning a Degree in Clinical Laboratory Science
1-1. Gain familiarity with the sciences as early as high school.
Chemistry and biology are particularly important to understand as a lab scientist. If possible, invest time early in your career to cultivating a strong foundation in these subjects. Math is also an important subject to understand. If you truly understand and enjoy these subjects, this might be a good career for you.
If you’re already out of high school, look for opportunities to improve your knowledge of these subjects online or at the library.
1-2. Know what type of post-high school education is required.
Clinical laboratory scientists usually have a bachelor's degree with a major in medical technology or in one of the life sciences; clinical laboratory technicians generally need either an associate degree or a certificate.
Lab scientists have a more extensive knowledge of molecular biology and microbiology techniques. Also, they are more likely to obtain management positions, as well as earn higher salaries, when compared with technicians.
Lab technicians prepare samples, perform basic lab tests, and maintain instruments.
1-3. Consider various schools.
Gather information on universities that have programs specific to training clinical lab scientists. Take into account the cost to attend, the job placement statistics of graduated students, and research availability.
Attending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.
Schools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. Look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.
When choosing your school, weigh the costs of tuition against the benefits you'll receive from that school. For example, a higher tuition school may offer more scholarships or a better job-placement program. Additionally, they may provide more research funding for students.
To be more competitive following graduation, try to find an internship or research opportunity during school. Not all universities have these available, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply.
Apply to multiple undergraduate universities to increase the probability that you will be accepted.
1-4. Obtain your degree from a school accredited by a nationally recognized agency.
Such organizations include the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools.
Degrees from schools with these accreditations are nationally recognized and will make you more competitive as a job candidate.
1-5. Take the proper chemistry, biology, and physics coursework.
Being a CLS requires that you learn the proper subjects before entering the workforce: biology, immunology, hematology, chemistry (organic, physical, and analytical), biochemistry, and physics (light and electricity).
These courses represent the core type of work you will be doing on a daily basis. If you find these classes don’t interest you, consider a different career path or speak to a counselor about other options.
2. Starting Your Career
2-1. Look for jobs in the medical field.
Hospitals are the leading employers, but clinical laboratory technologists are also employed by independent laboratories, physicians' offices and clinics, and manufacturers of lab equipment and diagnostic supplies.
Look at websites such as the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science for job postings.
2-2. Learn about the various job duties of clinical lab scientists.
Some of the many duties that fall under the job description are:
Examine body fluids and tissues for parasites, bacteria, and other organisms.
Analyze chemical content and reactions necessary for finding out cholesterol levels and matching blood for transfusions.
Measure types and levels of drugs in the system for treatment or to assess response to treatment.
2-3. Become trained in using various laboratory equipment.
Microscopes, cell counters and computerized equipment are all used by clinical laboratory scientists. In the process of obtaining your degree, you will be trained on these devices. Volunteer in a lab for additional experience and to decide if this is the right career for you.
Knowing how to use equipment and gaining proficiency at it will make you a more desirable job candidate.
Internships are also a good way to learn how to use these instruments.
2-4. Practice infection control procedures.
Clinical lab technicians and technologists often have to handle infectious material. Knowing about and wearing proper protective equipment (PPE) is essential in this field. Training in basic lab safety and bloodborne pathogens is also necessary.
Gloves and a lab coat are mandatory in the laboratory.
Masks or goggles may be required in certain situations.
2-5. Specialize in a specific clinical laboratory field to be considered for specific jobs.
If you want to practice in a particular field, you will need to do some additional work. Research the different specialties and choose the one that is the best fit for you.
Examples of specializations are: clinical chemistry technologists, microbiology technologists, immunohematology technologists, immunology technologists, cytotechnologists and molecular biology technologists.
3. Getting Licensed
3-1. Determine if your state requires a license.
Right now, not every state in the United States requires a license, but it can be beneficial to obtain a license to be more employable. States that don’t currently have licenses may have them in the coming years. Before you apply for a job, make sure you have all the necessary licenses and certification required at the time of application.
The states that currently require licensure are California, Tennessee, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Puerto Rico.
Licenses also vary depending on specialty. If you are going into a very specific field, you will need to obtain a license for that specialty.
3-2. Gain at least one year post-graduation experience.
Obtaining a license requires that you have at least one year of work experience or training in a clinical laboratory. You must also have verification of this experience before applying for the license. The training must be comprehensive in terms of the duties of a clinical scientist.
Some states may require more work experience before becoming licensed. Each state has its own regulations so be sure to look up the specifics for where you will be working.
Experience may also vary if you are seeking a license for a specialty.
3-3. Pass the written examination for licensure.
Not all states require the exam to be licensed, but some do and it is important to do well on it. The exam is called the Clinical Laboratory Scientist generalist licensure exam. There are three organizations certified to give the exam: ASCP (American Society for Clinical Pathology), ASCPi (international license), and AAB (American Association of Bioanalysts).
Failure to pass the written exam twice requires a waiting period of one year before you may try again.
3-4. Apply for the license.
Applications can be submitted online for the license once you have met all of the minimum requirements. Have the paperwork certifying your degree, your work experience, and passing the exam before applying. There is usually an application fee (up to $300) associated with licensure, so make sure you have the proper funds before you apply.
4. Obtaining a Certification
4-1. Pursue national certification.
Look at CLS/MT (Clinical Laboratory Scientist/Medical Technologist) or CLT/MLT (Clinical Laboratory Technician/Medical Laboratory Technician) programs. American Medical Technologists, the National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel or the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology are some of the better known certification bodies.
Professional associations vary in certification requirements for lab scientists, therefore check with each association.
Employers may require specific certifications.
4-2. Apply for the certification.
Gather all of your important documents verifying your work and training experience (employer documentation, letters of authenticity, certificates, etc) and your education (transcripts and degrees). You must also apply to take the exam, paying an application fee between $100-200.
Different certification organizations may have slightly different requirements and application fees.
4-3. Schedule your exam.
Following the approval process of your application, you will be able to schedule the date of your exam. For some licensing bodies, you have a three-month window to schedule the exam.
Start studying as soon as you finish the application so you have plenty of time.
4-4. Study for the certification exam.
There are many online practice tests and review courses available to help you study. If you know other people taking the exam around the same time, try forming a study group. Practice tests are the best way to gauge your knowledge. Take one every few weeks to see how you’re improving.
Study early and often. Don’t try to learn too many things at once or you may get study fatigue.
Focus on one or two topics each day to study in depth. Review the same subjects every few days to keep them fresh.
4-5. Take the certification exam.
On the day of the exam, make sure you aren’t hungry and have eaten a decent meal. The exam is taken on the computer and is called an adaptive test: the exam gets harder as you get more questions correct.
Make sure you have the basic computer skills necessary to take an exam on the computer.
5. Pursuing a Graduate Degree
5-1. Decide if graduate school is the right choice for you.
Graduate school takes many more years of hard work and is not the right choice for everyone. Graduate degrees can provide more opportunities for advancement into administrative positions. Lab scientists often have master’s degrees and directors usually have a doctorate.
Pursuing a master’s degree takes about 2 years to complete. Most master’s programs require that you pay your own tuition.
Pursuing a doctorate takes an average of 5.5 years to complete. Many PhD programs provide a stipend and pay for your tuition in exchange for your work in a lab.
5-2. Choose a graduate program.
Once you have decided to pursue an advanced degree, you must choose a graduate program. If you have been in the workforce for a few years, you may have a specialty in mind already. Choose a program that focuses on that specialty and is well-known for job placement. Many of the factors to consider are similar to those of choosing an undergraduate university.
Attending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.
Schools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. You should look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.
Where does the program you’re looking at rank compared to other schools? You don’t need to go to the number one program, but choose a school that has the ability to get you the type of job you’re hoping to achieve.
5-3. Ask for positive letters of recommendation.
Graduate school applications require reference letters. You want to make sure they are going to be positive letters. If you ask someone and they hesitate, they may not be the best person to write a recommendation for you. Ask professors you had a strong bond with or someone you did research with. Employers also make good references if they are in the correct field.
A retail manager is not the ideal reference, but can work if you are trying to change fields.
Friends and family are not generally accepted as valid references.
Give your references a few months to complete their letters. Gently remind them closer to the deadline if you know they haven’t been submitted yet.
5-4. Take the Graduate Records Examination (GRE).
The GRE is the standard entrance exam into graduate school. The test takes almost four hours to complete and is administered on a computer. You must have basic computer skills to take the exam.
Spend an appropriate amount of time studying for the exam. You can purchase study aid books or you can take a special class to prepare for it.
Consider taking the test a second time if you didn’t achieve the score necessary for the school to which you’re applying.
5-5. Apply to multiple graduate programs.
It’s good to be confident, but you want to make sure you get into a program after spending all of that time preparing. Apply to more than one program to increase your chances of being accepted into at least one.
Make sure you get your applications in by the deadline.
Check with your references to make sure they have submitted their letters of recommendation on time.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Earning a Degree in Clinical Laboratory Science\\n1-1. Gain familiarity with the sciences as early as high school.\\nChemistry and biology are particularly important to understand as a lab scientist. If possible, invest time early in your career to cultivating a strong foundation in these subjects. Math is also an important subject to understand. If you truly understand and enjoy these subjects, this might be a good career for you.\\nIf you’re already out of high school, look for opportunities to improve your knowledge of these subjects online or at the library.\\n1-2. Know what type of post-high school education is required.\\nClinical laboratory scientists usually have a bachelor's degree with a major in medical technology or in one of the life sciences; clinical laboratory technicians generally need either an associate degree or a certificate.\\nLab scientists have a more extensive knowledge of molecular biology and microbiology techniques. Also, they are more likely to obtain management positions, as well as earn higher salaries, when compared with technicians.\\nLab technicians prepare samples, perform basic lab tests, and maintain instruments.\\n1-3. Consider various schools.\\nGather information on universities that have programs specific to training clinical lab scientists. Take into account the cost to attend, the job placement statistics of graduated students, and research availability.\\nAttending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.\\nSchools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. Look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.\\nWhen choosing your school, weigh the costs of tuition against the benefits you'll receive from that school. For example, a higher tuition school may offer more scholarships or a better job-placement program. Additionally, they may provide more research funding for students.\\nTo be more competitive following graduation, try to find an internship or research opportunity during school. Not all universities have these available, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply.\\nApply to multiple undergraduate universities to increase the probability that you will be accepted.\\n1-4. Obtain your degree from a school accredited by a nationally recognized agency.\\nSuch organizations include the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools.\\nDegrees from schools with these accreditations are nationally recognized and will make you more competitive as a job candidate.\\n1-5. Take the proper chemistry, biology, and physics coursework.\\nBeing a CLS requires that you learn the proper subjects before entering the workforce: biology, immunology, hematology, chemistry (organic, physical, and analytical), biochemistry, and physics (light and electricity).\\nThese courses represent the core type of work you will be doing on a daily basis. If you find these classes don’t interest you, consider a different career path or speak to a counselor about other options.\\n2. Starting Your Career\\n2-1. Look for jobs in the medical field.\\nHospitals are the leading employers, but clinical laboratory technologists are also employed by independent laboratories, physicians' offices and clinics, and manufacturers of lab equipment and diagnostic supplies.\\nLook at websites such as the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science for job postings.\\n2-2. Learn about the various job duties of clinical lab scientists.\\nSome of the many duties that fall under the job description are:\\nExamine body fluids and tissues for parasites, bacteria, and other organisms.\\nAnalyze chemical content and reactions necessary for finding out cholesterol levels and matching blood for transfusions.\\nMeasure types and levels of drugs in the system for treatment or to assess response to treatment.\\n2-3. Become trained in using various laboratory equipment.\\nMicroscopes, cell counters and computerized equipment are all used by clinical laboratory scientists. In the process of obtaining your degree, you will be trained on these devices. Volunteer in a lab for additional experience and to decide if this is the right career for you.\\nKnowing how to use equipment and gaining proficiency at it will make you a more desirable job candidate.\\nInternships are also a good way to learn how to use these instruments.\\n2-4. Practice infection control procedures.\\nClinical lab technicians and technologists often have to handle infectious material. Knowing about and wearing proper protective equipment (PPE) is essential in this field. Training in basic lab safety and bloodborne pathogens is also necessary.\\nGloves and a lab coat are mandatory in the laboratory.\\nMasks or goggles may be required in certain situations.\\n2-5. Specialize in a specific clinical laboratory field to be considered for specific jobs.\\nIf you want to practice in a particular field, you will need to do some additional work. Research the different specialties and choose the one that is the best fit for you.\\nExamples of specializations are: clinical chemistry technologists, microbiology technologists, immunohematology technologists, immunology technologists, cytotechnologists and molecular biology technologists.\\n3. Getting Licensed\\n3-1. Determine if your state requires a license.\\nRight now, not every state in the United States requires a license, but it can be beneficial to obtain a license to be more employable. States that don’t currently have licenses may have them in the coming years. Before you apply for a job, make sure you have all the necessary licenses and certification required at the time of application.\\nThe states that currently require licensure are California, Tennessee, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Puerto Rico.\\nLicenses also vary depending on specialty. If you are going into a very specific field, you will need to obtain a license for that specialty.\\n3-2. Gain at least one year post-graduation experience.\\nObtaining a license requires that you have at least one year of work experience or training in a clinical laboratory. You must also have verification of this experience before applying for the license. The training must be comprehensive in terms of the duties of a clinical scientist.\\nSome states may require more work experience before becoming licensed. Each state has its own regulations so be sure to look up the specifics for where you will be working.\\nExperience may also vary if you are seeking a license for a specialty.\\n3-3. Pass the written examination for licensure.\\nNot all states require the exam to be licensed, but some do and it is important to do well on it. The exam is called the Clinical Laboratory Scientist generalist licensure exam. There are three organizations certified to give the exam: ASCP (American Society for Clinical Pathology), ASCPi (international license), and AAB (American Association of Bioanalysts).\\nFailure to pass the written exam twice requires a waiting period of one year before you may try again.\\n3-4. Apply for the license.\\nApplications can be submitted online for the license once you have met all of the minimum requirements. Have the paperwork certifying your degree, your work experience, and passing the exam before applying. There is usually an application fee (up to $300) associated with licensure, so make sure you have the proper funds before you apply.\\n4. Obtaining a Certification\\n4-1. Pursue national certification.\\nLook at CLS/MT (Clinical Laboratory Scientist/Medical Technologist) or CLT/MLT (Clinical Laboratory Technician/Medical Laboratory Technician) programs. American Medical Technologists, the National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel or the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology are some of the better known certification bodies.\\nProfessional associations vary in certification requirements for lab scientists, therefore check with each association.\\nEmployers may require specific certifications.\\n4-2. Apply for the certification.\\nGather all of your important documents verifying your work and training experience (employer documentation, letters of authenticity, certificates, etc) and your education (transcripts and degrees). You must also apply to take the exam, paying an application fee between $100-200. \\nDifferent certification organizations may have slightly different requirements and application fees.\\n4-3. Schedule your exam.\\nFollowing the approval process of your application, you will be able to schedule the date of your exam. For some licensing bodies, you have a three-month window to schedule the exam. \\nStart studying as soon as you finish the application so you have plenty of time.\\n4-4. Study for the certification exam.\\nThere are many online practice tests and review courses available to help you study. If you know other people taking the exam around the same time, try forming a study group. Practice tests are the best way to gauge your knowledge. Take one every few weeks to see how you’re improving. \\nStudy early and often. Don’t try to learn too many things at once or you may get study fatigue.\\nFocus on one or two topics each day to study in depth. Review the same subjects every few days to keep them fresh.\\n4-5. Take the certification exam.\\nOn the day of the exam, make sure you aren’t hungry and have eaten a decent meal. The exam is taken on the computer and is called an adaptive test: the exam gets harder as you get more questions correct.\\nMake sure you have the basic computer skills necessary to take an exam on the computer.\\n5. Pursuing a Graduate Degree\\n5-1. Decide if graduate school is the right choice for you.\\nGraduate school takes many more years of hard work and is not the right choice for everyone. Graduate degrees can provide more opportunities for advancement into administrative positions. Lab scientists often have master’s degrees and directors usually have a doctorate. \\nPursuing a master’s degree takes about 2 years to complete. Most master’s programs require that you pay your own tuition.\\nPursuing a doctorate takes an average of 5.5 years to complete. Many PhD programs provide a stipend and pay for your tuition in exchange for your work in a lab.\\n5-2. Choose a graduate program.\\nOnce you have decided to pursue an advanced degree, you must choose a graduate program. If you have been in the workforce for a few years, you may have a specialty in mind already. Choose a program that focuses on that specialty and is well-known for job placement. Many of the factors to consider are similar to those of choosing an undergraduate university. \\nAttending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.\\nSchools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. You should look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.\\nWhere does the program you’re looking at rank compared to other schools? You don’t need to go to the number one program, but choose a school that has the ability to get you the type of job you’re hoping to achieve.\\n5-3. Ask for positive letters of recommendation.\\nGraduate school applications require reference letters. You want to make sure they are going to be positive letters. If you ask someone and they hesitate, they may not be the best person to write a recommendation for you. Ask professors you had a strong bond with or someone you did research with. Employers also make good references if they are in the correct field.\\nA retail manager is not the ideal reference, but can work if you are trying to change fields.\\nFriends and family are not generally accepted as valid references.\\nGive your references a few months to complete their letters. Gently remind them closer to the deadline if you know they haven’t been submitted yet.\\n5-4. Take the Graduate Records Examination (GRE).\\nThe GRE is the standard entrance exam into graduate school. The test takes almost four hours to complete and is administered on a computer. You must have basic computer skills to take the exam. \\nSpend an appropriate amount of time studying for the exam. You can purchase study aid books or you can take a special class to prepare for it.\\nConsider taking the test a second time if you didn’t achieve the score necessary for the school to which you’re applying.\\n5-5. Apply to multiple graduate programs.\\nIt’s good to be confident, but you want to make sure you get into a program after spending all of that time preparing. Apply to more than one program to increase your chances of being accepted into at least one. \\nMake sure you get your applications in by the deadline.\\nCheck with your references to make sure they have submitted their letters of recommendation on time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Clinical laboratory scientists (CLS) are the detectives of the medical field. They look for clues and analyze results to aid in diagnosis, which is necessary for treating disease and other medical conditions. The clues often come from body fluids, such as blood or tissue samples. In addition, they might oversee and manage the laboratory and ensure all equipment is working properly. As a member of the healthcare team, a person who wants to become a clinical laboratory scientist must enjoy finding the answers to questions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earning a Degree in Clinical Laboratory Science\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain familiarity with the sciences as early as high school.\", \"描述\": \"Chemistry and biology are particularly important to understand as a lab scientist. If possible, invest time early in your career to cultivating a strong foundation in these subjects. Math is also an important subject to understand. If you truly understand and enjoy these subjects, this might be a good career for you.\\nIf you’re already out of high school, look for opportunities to improve your knowledge of these subjects online or at the library.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know what type of post-high school education is required.\", \"描述\": \"Clinical laboratory scientists usually have a bachelor's degree with a major in medical technology or in one of the life sciences; clinical laboratory technicians generally need either an associate degree or a certificate.\\nLab scientists have a more extensive knowledge of molecular biology and microbiology techniques. Also, they are more likely to obtain management positions, as well as earn higher salaries, when compared with technicians.\\nLab technicians prepare samples, perform basic lab tests, and maintain instruments.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider various schools.\", \"描述\": \"Gather information on universities that have programs specific to training clinical lab scientists. Take into account the cost to attend, the job placement statistics of graduated students, and research availability.\\nAttending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.\\nSchools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. Look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.\\nWhen choosing your school, weigh the costs of tuition against the benefits you'll receive from that school. For example, a higher tuition school may offer more scholarships or a better job-placement program. Additionally, they may provide more research funding for students.\\nTo be more competitive following graduation, try to find an internship or research opportunity during school. Not all universities have these available, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply.\\nApply to multiple undergraduate universities to increase the probability that you will be accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain your degree from a school accredited by a nationally recognized agency.\", \"描述\": \"Such organizations include the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools.\\nDegrees from schools with these accreditations are nationally recognized and will make you more competitive as a job candidate.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the proper chemistry, biology, and physics coursework.\", \"描述\": \"Being a CLS requires that you learn the proper subjects before entering the workforce: biology, immunology, hematology, chemistry (organic, physical, and analytical), biochemistry, and physics (light and electricity).\\nThese courses represent the core type of work you will be doing on a daily basis. If you find these classes don’t interest you, consider a different career path or speak to a counselor about other options.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for jobs in the medical field.\", \"描述\": \"Hospitals are the leading employers, but clinical laboratory technologists are also employed by independent laboratories, physicians' offices and clinics, and manufacturers of lab equipment and diagnostic supplies.\\nLook at websites such as the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science for job postings.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about the various job duties of clinical lab scientists.\", \"描述\": \"Some of the many duties that fall under the job description are:\\nExamine body fluids and tissues for parasites, bacteria, and other organisms.\\nAnalyze chemical content and reactions necessary for finding out cholesterol levels and matching blood for transfusions.\\nMeasure types and levels of drugs in the system for treatment or to assess response to treatment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become trained in using various laboratory equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Microscopes, cell counters and computerized equipment are all used by clinical laboratory scientists. In the process of obtaining your degree, you will be trained on these devices. Volunteer in a lab for additional experience and to decide if this is the right career for you.\\nKnowing how to use equipment and gaining proficiency at it will make you a more desirable job candidate.\\nInternships are also a good way to learn how to use these instruments.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice infection control procedures.\", \"描述\": \"Clinical lab technicians and technologists often have to handle infectious material. Knowing about and wearing proper protective equipment (PPE) is essential in this field. Training in basic lab safety and bloodborne pathogens is also necessary.\\nGloves and a lab coat are mandatory in the laboratory.\\nMasks or goggles may be required in certain situations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Specialize in a specific clinical laboratory field to be considered for specific jobs.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to practice in a particular field, you will need to do some additional work. Research the different specialties and choose the one that is the best fit for you.\\nExamples of specializations are: clinical chemistry technologists, microbiology technologists, immunohematology technologists, immunology technologists, cytotechnologists and molecular biology technologists.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if your state requires a license.\", \"描述\": \"Right now, not every state in the United States requires a license, but it can be beneficial to obtain a license to be more employable. States that don’t currently have licenses may have them in the coming years. Before you apply for a job, make sure you have all the necessary licenses and certification required at the time of application.\\nThe states that currently require licensure are California, Tennessee, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Puerto Rico.\\nLicenses also vary depending on specialty. If you are going into a very specific field, you will need to obtain a license for that specialty.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain at least one year post-graduation experience.\", \"描述\": \"Obtaining a license requires that you have at least one year of work experience or training in a clinical laboratory. You must also have verification of this experience before applying for the license. The training must be comprehensive in terms of the duties of a clinical scientist.\\nSome states may require more work experience before becoming licensed. Each state has its own regulations so be sure to look up the specifics for where you will be working.\\nExperience may also vary if you are seeking a license for a specialty.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the written examination for licensure.\", \"描述\": \"Not all states require the exam to be licensed, but some do and it is important to do well on it. The exam is called the Clinical Laboratory Scientist generalist licensure exam. There are three organizations certified to give the exam: ASCP (American Society for Clinical Pathology), ASCPi (international license), and AAB (American Association of Bioanalysts).\\nFailure to pass the written exam twice requires a waiting period of one year before you may try again.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for the license.\", \"描述\": \"Applications can be submitted online for the license once you have met all of the minimum requirements. Have the paperwork certifying your degree, your work experience, and passing the exam before applying. There is usually an application fee (up to $300) associated with licensure, so make sure you have the proper funds before you apply.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtaining a Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pursue national certification.\", \"描述\": \"Look at CLS/MT (Clinical Laboratory Scientist/Medical Technologist) or CLT/MLT (Clinical Laboratory Technician/Medical Laboratory Technician) programs. American Medical Technologists, the National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel or the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology are some of the better known certification bodies.\\nProfessional associations vary in certification requirements for lab scientists, therefore check with each association.\\nEmployers may require specific certifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for the certification.\", \"描述\": \"Gather all of your important documents verifying your work and training experience (employer documentation, letters of authenticity, certificates, etc) and your education (transcripts and degrees). You must also apply to take the exam, paying an application fee between $100-200. \\nDifferent certification organizations may have slightly different requirements and application fees.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Schedule your exam.\", \"描述\": \"Following the approval process of your application, you will be able to schedule the date of your exam. For some licensing bodies, you have a three-month window to schedule the exam. \\nStart studying as soon as you finish the application so you have plenty of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study for the certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"There are many online practice tests and review courses available to help you study. If you know other people taking the exam around the same time, try forming a study group. Practice tests are the best way to gauge your knowledge. Take one every few weeks to see how you’re improving. \\nStudy early and often. Don’t try to learn too many things at once or you may get study fatigue.\\nFocus on one or two topics each day to study in depth. Review the same subjects every few days to keep them fresh.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"On the day of the exam, make sure you aren’t hungry and have eaten a decent meal. The exam is taken on the computer and is called an adaptive test: the exam gets harder as you get more questions correct.\\nMake sure you have the basic computer skills necessary to take an exam on the computer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pursuing a Graduate Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if graduate school is the right choice for you.\", \"描述\": \"Graduate school takes many more years of hard work and is not the right choice for everyone. Graduate degrees can provide more opportunities for advancement into administrative positions. Lab scientists often have master’s degrees and directors usually have a doctorate. \\nPursuing a master’s degree takes about 2 years to complete. Most master’s programs require that you pay your own tuition.\\nPursuing a doctorate takes an average of 5.5 years to complete. Many PhD programs provide a stipend and pay for your tuition in exchange for your work in a lab.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a graduate program.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have decided to pursue an advanced degree, you must choose a graduate program. If you have been in the workforce for a few years, you may have a specialty in mind already. Choose a program that focuses on that specialty and is well-known for job placement. Many of the factors to consider are similar to those of choosing an undergraduate university. \\nAttending a university is a very expensive endeavor. Public schools in the state you reside may be cheaper than private schools, but public schools outside of your resident state may cost just as much as the private school.\\nSchools should be able to provide you with data and job placement following graduation. You should look into these statistics while trying to decide which school to attend.\\nWhere does the program you’re looking at rank compared to other schools? You don’t need to go to the number one program, but choose a school that has the ability to get you the type of job you’re hoping to achieve.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask for positive letters of recommendation.\", \"描述\": \"Graduate school applications require reference letters. You want to make sure they are going to be positive letters. If you ask someone and they hesitate, they may not be the best person to write a recommendation for you. Ask professors you had a strong bond with or someone you did research with. Employers also make good references if they are in the correct field.\\nA retail manager is not the ideal reference, but can work if you are trying to change fields.\\nFriends and family are not generally accepted as valid references.\\nGive your references a few months to complete their letters. Gently remind them closer to the deadline if you know they haven’t been submitted yet.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the Graduate Records Examination (GRE).\", \"描述\": \"The GRE is the standard entrance exam into graduate school. The test takes almost four hours to complete and is administered on a computer. You must have basic computer skills to take the exam. \\nSpend an appropriate amount of time studying for the exam. You can purchase study aid books or you can take a special class to prepare for it.\\nConsider taking the test a second time if you didn’t achieve the score necessary for the school to which you’re applying.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to multiple graduate programs.\", \"描述\": \"It’s good to be confident, but you want to make sure you get into a program after spending all of that time preparing. Apply to more than one program to increase your chances of being accepted into at least one. \\nMake sure you get your applications in by the deadline.\\nCheck with your references to make sure they have submitted their letters of recommendation on time.\"}]}]}}",
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How to Become a Clinical Psychologist
|
1. Getting the Right High School & Undergraduate Education
1-1. Finish your high school courses with at least a 3.0 GPA.
To get into a good undergraduate psychology program, you'll need an impressive GPA in high school. Take any psychology classes offered at your school to get a feel for what clinical psychology is all about.
Ask the instructor of any psychology classes at your school about the differences in clinical social work, counseling psychology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, so you can begin deciding which branch of the mental health profession is the right fit for you.
If your high school has a psychology club, this will also help with college applications as well as continuing to familiarize you with the discipline.
While you can still get into many colleges with a lower GPA, you’re likely to have more prestigious options, which in turn will help with graduate school programs.
1-2. Enroll in an undergraduate psychology program at an accredited university of your choice.
Most programs offer general psychology degrees without any kind of specialty until you get to graduate school. Ace your psychology courses and maintain your high GPA.
As an undergraduate psychology student, you can expect to study introductory courses, as well as courses heavy of statistical data and research methods. From there, you will additionally choose from upper-division courses that give you overviews of social, developmental, abnormal, and comparative psychology, which will help you in choosing a specific focus for graduate school.
If your university offers any type of honors courses track in the psychology department, consider taking those as they’ll help distinguish your graduate school applications.
Your school may offer either a BA or a BS in psychology for undergraduates. Neither is more advantageous than the other when it comes to graduate school. The important thing is simply to do well.
1-3. Participate in research projects, internships, and teaching assistant programs as much as possible.
Check with your advising office or the psychology department to find out what opportunities are available for you. Since clinical psychology graduate programs are competitive, get as much experience under your belt as you can.
1-4. Join psychology clubs and stay active with them.
This can go on your resume, and programs for clinical psychologists usually require that a resume be submitted with your application.
2. Pursuing Master’s and Doctoral Programs
2-1. Weigh master’s programs in clinical psychology.
The master’s degree level is where you are likely to begin seeing specialization come into play. If you already know the area you want to specialize in, look for programs that offer a degree in that specialization. You may seek out a program in developmental, environmental, counseling, or forensic psychology, for instance.
You may choose to stay at the same school or find another one with a program you like better. Check all the admissions requirements and make sure you will meet them once you graduate. You should start your search about a year before you graduate with your undergraduate psychology degree.
Don’t fret if you decide to pursue a graduate program in clinical psychology after nearly completing (or even fully completing) an undergraduate degree in another field. Though all programs require an undergraduate degree, many only require one or possibly two semesters of introductory, research, and statistical courses in psychology. Though, a degree in psychology obviously doesn’t hurt to prove you’re serious about the discipline.
Apply to any programs that appeal to you. Since the programs are so competitive, you should apply to several to help your odds of being accepted to one. Submit everything that the school asks for by the deadline. You may have to take the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) before you can submit your application.
Studies have shown that students applying to doctoral programs who have already completed master’s degrees are more likely to finish, so many doctoral programs will consider you a more qualified candidate if you complete a master’s degree before applying.
2-2. Study hard once you enter your clinical psychology graduate program.
Collaborate with your professors throughout this time and start preparing your thesis well before you graduate.
For those who may be considering the jobs outlook for a master’s degree in psychology alone, be aware that American Psychological Association (APA) policy and all state licensing laws reserve the classification of “psychologist” for those who have completed a doctoral program. There are niches for master’s graduates in psychology. For instance, a Master’s in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, but this niche mostly relates to HR departments for large companies rather than work as a clinical or research psychologist.
2-3. Apply to doctoral programs.
By this time, you will absolutely have a specialization in mind, and you’ll need to seek a program that relates to that specialization. This will also require a choice between a traditional Ph.D. program or one of the newer Psy.D. programs. Traditional programs are easier to find at public institutions but are highly competitive. Make sure the program is accredited by the APA, since this is often a requirement for state licensure. You will additionally have to look into whether the program leans more heavily toward clinical/counseling or research/academic in its methodologies. You may, for instance, find a program in abnormal psychology, which is your specialization, but the program may be focused on finding new methods to treat disorders (research work) whereas you are focused on treating those with disorders (clinical work) as your career path.
Whereas a Ph.D. will place an equal emphasis on research work as well as clinical work, a Psy.D. will place an increased emphasis on clinical work and less on research. Due to this, you should mostly consider a Psy.D. if your intention is to go into clinical practice such as counseling, designing treatment programs for institutions, etc. where you will work hands on to treat patients. A Ph.D. is still better suited to someone who wants to pursue research and academic work in the field of clinical psychology.
As a side note, those graduating with a Psy.D. tend to score lower on the national licensing test, the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology, than do those with a Ph.D.
Your doctoral program will consist of even more specialized training depending on your focus. Based on your interest and specialization, you may work exhaustively in learning to treat specific conditions ranging from phobias to schizophrenia. You may specialize in post-traumatic stress disorders. You may also focus on the best methods for treating specific populations whether it be youths, couples or families, ethnic minority groups, or members of the LGBTQ community.
Some programs may not transfer master’s-level coursework from any institution other than their own, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply since certain programs may require repeating similar courses.
2-4. Commit to and work hard in your doctoral program.
You can expect to spend anywhere from five-to-seven years completing your doctoral degree, though there may be overlapping courses that transfer from your master’s work to decrease this total time.
Doctoral candidates in the field of clinical psychology must usually write and defend a dissertation before completing their studies; however, select institutions that offer a Psy.D. may require a full-scale project such as designing a treatment program.
Your program will also likely require a one-year internship in your specialization. APA-accredited institutions are required to provide student-to-internship placement information, so keep this in mind as well.
3. Completing Post-Doctoral Training and Licensing
3-1. Complete post-doctoral training with a licensed clinical psychologist.
Before you can even apply to a state board for licensing, you must complete two years of supervised, professional experience. Use this time to learn from your supervisor and hone your techniques. You will need to know how to do counseling, give psychological tests, perform assessments for mental disorders and help people in crises.
3-2. Submit the application for a state clinical psychology license.
In addition to an application and associated fees, some states may also require a test to obtain your license.
A review board will go over your application at length before granting you a license. The specific requirements are determined on a state-by-state basis, and you can find more information regarding your specific state here: Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards
3-3. Set up your new practice or discuss staying at your post-doctoral supervisor's practice.
If you're already working at a practice or research institution you're invested in and passionate about, then you can discuss a permanent position there. However, if you're interested in beginning your own private practice, then you can consult How to Start a Private Practice in Psychology for more information. Regardless, you are now a licensed clinical psychologist. Congratulations!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Right High School & Undergraduate Education\\n1-1. Finish your high school courses with at least a 3.0 GPA.\\nTo get into a good undergraduate psychology program, you'll need an impressive GPA in high school. Take any psychology classes offered at your school to get a feel for what clinical psychology is all about.\\nAsk the instructor of any psychology classes at your school about the differences in clinical social work, counseling psychology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, so you can begin deciding which branch of the mental health profession is the right fit for you.\\nIf your high school has a psychology club, this will also help with college applications as well as continuing to familiarize you with the discipline.\\nWhile you can still get into many colleges with a lower GPA, you’re likely to have more prestigious options, which in turn will help with graduate school programs.\\n1-2. Enroll in an undergraduate psychology program at an accredited university of your choice.\\nMost programs offer general psychology degrees without any kind of specialty until you get to graduate school. Ace your psychology courses and maintain your high GPA.\\nAs an undergraduate psychology student, you can expect to study introductory courses, as well as courses heavy of statistical data and research methods. From there, you will additionally choose from upper-division courses that give you overviews of social, developmental, abnormal, and comparative psychology, which will help you in choosing a specific focus for graduate school.\\nIf your university offers any type of honors courses track in the psychology department, consider taking those as they’ll help distinguish your graduate school applications.\\nYour school may offer either a BA or a BS in psychology for undergraduates. Neither is more advantageous than the other when it comes to graduate school. The important thing is simply to do well.\\n1-3. Participate in research projects, internships, and teaching assistant programs as much as possible.\\nCheck with your advising office or the psychology department to find out what opportunities are available for you. Since clinical psychology graduate programs are competitive, get as much experience under your belt as you can.\\n1-4. Join psychology clubs and stay active with them.\\nThis can go on your resume, and programs for clinical psychologists usually require that a resume be submitted with your application.\\n2. Pursuing Master’s and Doctoral Programs\\n2-1. Weigh master’s programs in clinical psychology.\\nThe master’s degree level is where you are likely to begin seeing specialization come into play. If you already know the area you want to specialize in, look for programs that offer a degree in that specialization. You may seek out a program in developmental, environmental, counseling, or forensic psychology, for instance.\\nYou may choose to stay at the same school or find another one with a program you like better. Check all the admissions requirements and make sure you will meet them once you graduate. You should start your search about a year before you graduate with your undergraduate psychology degree.\\nDon’t fret if you decide to pursue a graduate program in clinical psychology after nearly completing (or even fully completing) an undergraduate degree in another field. Though all programs require an undergraduate degree, many only require one or possibly two semesters of introductory, research, and statistical courses in psychology. Though, a degree in psychology obviously doesn’t hurt to prove you’re serious about the discipline.\\nApply to any programs that appeal to you. Since the programs are so competitive, you should apply to several to help your odds of being accepted to one. Submit everything that the school asks for by the deadline. You may have to take the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) before you can submit your application.\\nStudies have shown that students applying to doctoral programs who have already completed master’s degrees are more likely to finish, so many doctoral programs will consider you a more qualified candidate if you complete a master’s degree before applying.\\n2-2. Study hard once you enter your clinical psychology graduate program.\\nCollaborate with your professors throughout this time and start preparing your thesis well before you graduate.\\nFor those who may be considering the jobs outlook for a master’s degree in psychology alone, be aware that American Psychological Association (APA) policy and all state licensing laws reserve the classification of “psychologist” for those who have completed a doctoral program. There are niches for master’s graduates in psychology. For instance, a Master’s in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, but this niche mostly relates to HR departments for large companies rather than work as a clinical or research psychologist.\\n2-3. Apply to doctoral programs.\\nBy this time, you will absolutely have a specialization in mind, and you’ll need to seek a program that relates to that specialization. This will also require a choice between a traditional Ph.D. program or one of the newer Psy.D. programs. Traditional programs are easier to find at public institutions but are highly competitive. Make sure the program is accredited by the APA, since this is often a requirement for state licensure. You will additionally have to look into whether the program leans more heavily toward clinical/counseling or research/academic in its methodologies. You may, for instance, find a program in abnormal psychology, which is your specialization, but the program may be focused on finding new methods to treat disorders (research work) whereas you are focused on treating those with disorders (clinical work) as your career path.\\nWhereas a Ph.D. will place an equal emphasis on research work as well as clinical work, a Psy.D. will place an increased emphasis on clinical work and less on research. Due to this, you should mostly consider a Psy.D. if your intention is to go into clinical practice such as counseling, designing treatment programs for institutions, etc. where you will work hands on to treat patients. A Ph.D. is still better suited to someone who wants to pursue research and academic work in the field of clinical psychology.\\nAs a side note, those graduating with a Psy.D. tend to score lower on the national licensing test, the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology, than do those with a Ph.D.\\nYour doctoral program will consist of even more specialized training depending on your focus. Based on your interest and specialization, you may work exhaustively in learning to treat specific conditions ranging from phobias to schizophrenia. You may specialize in post-traumatic stress disorders. You may also focus on the best methods for treating specific populations whether it be youths, couples or families, ethnic minority groups, or members of the LGBTQ community.\\nSome programs may not transfer master’s-level coursework from any institution other than their own, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply since certain programs may require repeating similar courses.\\n2-4. Commit to and work hard in your doctoral program.\\nYou can expect to spend anywhere from five-to-seven years completing your doctoral degree, though there may be overlapping courses that transfer from your master’s work to decrease this total time.\\nDoctoral candidates in the field of clinical psychology must usually write and defend a dissertation before completing their studies; however, select institutions that offer a Psy.D. may require a full-scale project such as designing a treatment program.\\nYour program will also likely require a one-year internship in your specialization. APA-accredited institutions are required to provide student-to-internship placement information, so keep this in mind as well.\\n3. Completing Post-Doctoral Training and Licensing\\n3-1. Complete post-doctoral training with a licensed clinical psychologist.\\nBefore you can even apply to a state board for licensing, you must complete two years of supervised, professional experience. Use this time to learn from your supervisor and hone your techniques. You will need to know how to do counseling, give psychological tests, perform assessments for mental disorders and help people in crises.\\n3-2. Submit the application for a state clinical psychology license.\\nIn addition to an application and associated fees, some states may also require a test to obtain your license.\\nA review board will go over your application at length before granting you a license. The specific requirements are determined on a state-by-state basis, and you can find more information regarding your specific state here: Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards\\n3-3. Set up your new practice or discuss staying at your post-doctoral supervisor's practice.\\nIf you're already working at a practice or research institution you're invested in and passionate about, then you can discuss a permanent position there. However, if you're interested in beginning your own private practice, then you can consult How to Start a Private Practice in Psychology for more information. Regardless, you are now a licensed clinical psychologist. Congratulations!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Clinical psychologists assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Individual clinical psychologists can approach this either by researching methods and their efficacy or putting methods into clinical practice by treating and counseling patients. In either case, the road to becoming a clinical psychologist is a long and hard one, and only the most dedicated students succeed. Graduate programs in clinical psychology are competitive and accept only the best of the best. You must make it through one of these programs and get through another two years of training before you can become a licensed clinical psychologist.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Right High School & Undergraduate Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finish your high school courses with at least a 3.0 GPA.\", \"描述\": \"To get into a good undergraduate psychology program, you'll need an impressive GPA in high school. Take any psychology classes offered at your school to get a feel for what clinical psychology is all about.\\nAsk the instructor of any psychology classes at your school about the differences in clinical social work, counseling psychology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, so you can begin deciding which branch of the mental health profession is the right fit for you.\\nIf your high school has a psychology club, this will also help with college applications as well as continuing to familiarize you with the discipline.\\nWhile you can still get into many colleges with a lower GPA, you’re likely to have more prestigious options, which in turn will help with graduate school programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an undergraduate psychology program at an accredited university of your choice.\", \"描述\": \"Most programs offer general psychology degrees without any kind of specialty until you get to graduate school. Ace your psychology courses and maintain your high GPA.\\nAs an undergraduate psychology student, you can expect to study introductory courses, as well as courses heavy of statistical data and research methods. From there, you will additionally choose from upper-division courses that give you overviews of social, developmental, abnormal, and comparative psychology, which will help you in choosing a specific focus for graduate school.\\nIf your university offers any type of honors courses track in the psychology department, consider taking those as they’ll help distinguish your graduate school applications.\\nYour school may offer either a BA or a BS in psychology for undergraduates. Neither is more advantageous than the other when it comes to graduate school. The important thing is simply to do well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in research projects, internships, and teaching assistant programs as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Check with your advising office or the psychology department to find out what opportunities are available for you. Since clinical psychology graduate programs are competitive, get as much experience under your belt as you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join psychology clubs and stay active with them.\", \"描述\": \"This can go on your resume, and programs for clinical psychologists usually require that a resume be submitted with your application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pursuing Master’s and Doctoral Programs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Weigh master’s programs in clinical psychology.\", \"描述\": \"The master’s degree level is where you are likely to begin seeing specialization come into play. If you already know the area you want to specialize in, look for programs that offer a degree in that specialization. You may seek out a program in developmental, environmental, counseling, or forensic psychology, for instance.\\nYou may choose to stay at the same school or find another one with a program you like better. Check all the admissions requirements and make sure you will meet them once you graduate. You should start your search about a year before you graduate with your undergraduate psychology degree.\\nDon’t fret if you decide to pursue a graduate program in clinical psychology after nearly completing (or even fully completing) an undergraduate degree in another field. Though all programs require an undergraduate degree, many only require one or possibly two semesters of introductory, research, and statistical courses in psychology. Though, a degree in psychology obviously doesn’t hurt to prove you’re serious about the discipline.\\nApply to any programs that appeal to you. Since the programs are so competitive, you should apply to several to help your odds of being accepted to one. Submit everything that the school asks for by the deadline. You may have to take the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) before you can submit your application.\\nStudies have shown that students applying to doctoral programs who have already completed master’s degrees are more likely to finish, so many doctoral programs will consider you a more qualified candidate if you complete a master’s degree before applying.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study hard once you enter your clinical psychology graduate program.\", \"描述\": \"Collaborate with your professors throughout this time and start preparing your thesis well before you graduate.\\nFor those who may be considering the jobs outlook for a master’s degree in psychology alone, be aware that American Psychological Association (APA) policy and all state licensing laws reserve the classification of “psychologist” for those who have completed a doctoral program. There are niches for master’s graduates in psychology. For instance, a Master’s in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, but this niche mostly relates to HR departments for large companies rather than work as a clinical or research psychologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply to doctoral programs.\", \"描述\": \"By this time, you will absolutely have a specialization in mind, and you’ll need to seek a program that relates to that specialization. This will also require a choice between a traditional Ph.D. program or one of the newer Psy.D. programs. Traditional programs are easier to find at public institutions but are highly competitive. Make sure the program is accredited by the APA, since this is often a requirement for state licensure. You will additionally have to look into whether the program leans more heavily toward clinical/counseling or research/academic in its methodologies. You may, for instance, find a program in abnormal psychology, which is your specialization, but the program may be focused on finding new methods to treat disorders (research work) whereas you are focused on treating those with disorders (clinical work) as your career path.\\nWhereas a Ph.D. will place an equal emphasis on research work as well as clinical work, a Psy.D. will place an increased emphasis on clinical work and less on research. Due to this, you should mostly consider a Psy.D. if your intention is to go into clinical practice such as counseling, designing treatment programs for institutions, etc. where you will work hands on to treat patients. A Ph.D. is still better suited to someone who wants to pursue research and academic work in the field of clinical psychology.\\nAs a side note, those graduating with a Psy.D. tend to score lower on the national licensing test, the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology, than do those with a Ph.D.\\nYour doctoral program will consist of even more specialized training depending on your focus. Based on your interest and specialization, you may work exhaustively in learning to treat specific conditions ranging from phobias to schizophrenia. You may specialize in post-traumatic stress disorders. You may also focus on the best methods for treating specific populations whether it be youths, couples or families, ethnic minority groups, or members of the LGBTQ community.\\nSome programs may not transfer master’s-level coursework from any institution other than their own, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply since certain programs may require repeating similar courses.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Commit to and work hard in your doctoral program.\", \"描述\": \"You can expect to spend anywhere from five-to-seven years completing your doctoral degree, though there may be overlapping courses that transfer from your master’s work to decrease this total time.\\nDoctoral candidates in the field of clinical psychology must usually write and defend a dissertation before completing their studies; however, select institutions that offer a Psy.D. may require a full-scale project such as designing a treatment program.\\nYour program will also likely require a one-year internship in your specialization. APA-accredited institutions are required to provide student-to-internship placement information, so keep this in mind as well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Post-Doctoral Training and Licensing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete post-doctoral training with a licensed clinical psychologist.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can even apply to a state board for licensing, you must complete two years of supervised, professional experience. Use this time to learn from your supervisor and hone your techniques. You will need to know how to do counseling, give psychological tests, perform assessments for mental disorders and help people in crises.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Submit the application for a state clinical psychology license.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to an application and associated fees, some states may also require a test to obtain your license.\\nA review board will go over your application at length before granting you a license. The specific requirements are determined on a state-by-state basis, and you can find more information regarding your specific state here: Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set up your new practice or discuss staying at your post-doctoral supervisor's practice.\", \"描述\": \"If you're already working at a practice or research institution you're invested in and passionate about, then you can discuss a permanent position there. However, if you're interested in beginning your own private practice, then you can consult How to Start a Private Practice in Psychology for more information. Regardless, you are now a licensed clinical psychologist. Congratulations!\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,281 |
Becoming a Clinical Psychologist in Canada: How Long It Takes, How Much It Costs, and More
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1. What qualifications do I need to be a psychologist in Canada?
1-1. You need to have a master’s or doctoral degree in psychology.
Your first step to become a psychologist in Canada is to earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from a university. Then, obtain a master’s degree such as a Master of Arts (M.A.) or a Master of Science (M.S.) which will prepare you for entry into a doctoral program. At the doctoral level, you can earn a Ph.D. in clinical or experimental psychology, or a Psy.D., both of which will prepare you for professional practice as a clinical psychologist.
Most provinces in Canada require you to have a doctoral degree in order to be a licensed clinical psychologist, but some may allow you to work as a psychologist with just a master’s degree, such as Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland.
Some bachelor’s degree programs may allow you to go straight into a Ph.D. program without having to earn a master’s degree. Check out the school’s website to see if they have a program that allows you to do it.
1-2. You’ll need to spend at least a year as an intern.
In order to learn how to practice as a clinical psychologist and treat patients, you need to learn from an experienced person. After you earn your doctoral degree, you can apply for an internship or supervised practice where you’ll work alongside a licensed psychologist and learn the ins and outs of being a psychologist. Most provinces in Canada require at least a year of supervised practice in order to be certified to practice as a clinical psychologist.
1-3. You need to register as a psychologist with your local province.
Every province in Canada has slightly different requirements. Generally, you’ll need your doctoral degree, experience as an intern working under a licensed psychologist for at least a year, and you may need to take an exam in order to be certified and registered to legally practice in the province. Check out the medical board’s website for the province where you plan to practice to see what their requirements are so you can prepare for them.For instance, in Ontario, you’ll need to pass exams that cover professional practices and ethics in order to be certified.
2. How long does it take to become a clinical psychologist?
It takes about 6-9 years after receiving your bachelor’s degree.
The time it takes you to complete your degree can vary slightly depending on the universities you attend. Generally, it takes about 2-3 years to complete your master’s degree. Then, you’ll usually spend 4-6 years earning your doctoral degree. All in all, if you include your bachelor’s degree (which usually takes 4 years to complete), it can take between 10-13 years to earn all of the required degrees plus 1 year of experience as an intern to become a clinical psychologist.
3. How much does it cost to become a psychologist in Canada?
It costs about $32,000 CAD a year to study for master’s and doctoral degrees.
Becoming a clinical psychologist isn’t cheap! The cost of earning your bachelor’s degree can vary from university to university, but generally cost about $7,000 CAD a year. Once you earn your bachelor’s and start working on your master’s and doctorate degrees, you can expect to pay up to $32,000 CAD a year with all expenses included.
Most people use student loans and apply for grants and scholarships to help pay for their tuition.
4. What are the best clinical psychology programs in Canada?
There are a bunch of quality clinical psychology programs in Canada.
The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) sets the standard for universities to meet in order to be accredited institutions. The good news is there are actually many great schools in Canada that are fully accredited and can educate, train, and prepare you for a career as a clinical psychologist, including the University of British Columbia, Concordia University, Dalhousie University, and McGill University.
For a full list of all of the accredited universities in Canada, visit: https://cpa.ca/accreditation/cpaaccreditedprograms/#clinical.
5. How do you get a job as a clinical psychologist in Canada?
Join the staff of a medical facility or start your own practice.
Once you’re registered and certified to practice in a Canadian province, you can apply for a position at a hospital, school, or private practice to start treating clients there. You can also start your own practice, rent office space, and hire staff such as a receptionist to help your business run smoothly.
Joining the staff of an established facility is easier and is a great way to gain experience. You won’t have to worry about things like payroll and billing—that’s all handled by the facility.
Starting your own practice means you can carve a niche for yourself and set your own hours. But you’ll also need to pay your staff, handle overhead costs, and market your business to find more clients.
6. How much do clinical psychologists make in Canada?
The average clinical psychologist makes almost $100,000 CAD.
A big part of the reason folks are willing to go through so much school and pay so much for their education as a clinical psychologist is the money you can expect to earn once you’re licensed and practicing. It pays well. Many clinical psychologists earn a six-figure salary.
Keep in mind you’ll likely have a fair amount of student loans to pay off at first. But once you’re debt-free, you can earn a pretty penny as a practicing clinical psychologist.
7. Are clinical psychologists in demand in Canada?
Yes, psychologists are in demand and one of the highest-paying jobs!
Canada needs more psychologists, so if you’re thinking of pursuing a career as one, you don’t have to stress about whether or not you’ll be able to find a job. You can focus on your studies and rest assured that you’ll most likely be able to land a position when you graduate.
If you want to be a clinical psychologist, look at the PsyD programs and the Ph.D. programs.
You require a long, big commitment of eight years to become a clinical psychologist.
Think about whether you need the doctor in front of your name. If you do not need it, you can check out other more inexpensive and shorter programs.
Tips
If you know any clinical psychologists, try reaching out to them about their journey. They may give you some helpful tips and info as you’re getting started pursuing a career in the field.
Warnings
You can take on a lot of debt pursuing a degree in clinical psychology. Make sure you understand the terms of any loans that you take out!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:37",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What qualifications do I need to be a psychologist in Canada?\\n1-1. You need to have a master’s or doctoral degree in psychology.\\nYour first step to become a psychologist in Canada is to earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from a university. Then, obtain a master’s degree such as a Master of Arts (M.A.) or a Master of Science (M.S.) which will prepare you for entry into a doctoral program. At the doctoral level, you can earn a Ph.D. in clinical or experimental psychology, or a Psy.D., both of which will prepare you for professional practice as a clinical psychologist.\\nMost provinces in Canada require you to have a doctoral degree in order to be a licensed clinical psychologist, but some may allow you to work as a psychologist with just a master’s degree, such as Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland.\\nSome bachelor’s degree programs may allow you to go straight into a Ph.D. program without having to earn a master’s degree. Check out the school’s website to see if they have a program that allows you to do it.\\n1-2. You’ll need to spend at least a year as an intern.\\nIn order to learn how to practice as a clinical psychologist and treat patients, you need to learn from an experienced person. After you earn your doctoral degree, you can apply for an internship or supervised practice where you’ll work alongside a licensed psychologist and learn the ins and outs of being a psychologist. Most provinces in Canada require at least a year of supervised practice in order to be certified to practice as a clinical psychologist.\\n1-3. You need to register as a psychologist with your local province.\\nEvery province in Canada has slightly different requirements. Generally, you’ll need your doctoral degree, experience as an intern working under a licensed psychologist for at least a year, and you may need to take an exam in order to be certified and registered to legally practice in the province. Check out the medical board’s website for the province where you plan to practice to see what their requirements are so you can prepare for them.For instance, in Ontario, you’ll need to pass exams that cover professional practices and ethics in order to be certified.\\n2. How long does it take to become a clinical psychologist?\\nIt takes about 6-9 years after receiving your bachelor’s degree.\\nThe time it takes you to complete your degree can vary slightly depending on the universities you attend. Generally, it takes about 2-3 years to complete your master’s degree. Then, you’ll usually spend 4-6 years earning your doctoral degree. All in all, if you include your bachelor’s degree (which usually takes 4 years to complete), it can take between 10-13 years to earn all of the required degrees plus 1 year of experience as an intern to become a clinical psychologist.\\n3. How much does it cost to become a psychologist in Canada?\\nIt costs about $32,000 CAD a year to study for master’s and doctoral degrees.\\nBecoming a clinical psychologist isn’t cheap! The cost of earning your bachelor’s degree can vary from university to university, but generally cost about $7,000 CAD a year. Once you earn your bachelor’s and start working on your master’s and doctorate degrees, you can expect to pay up to $32,000 CAD a year with all expenses included.\\nMost people use student loans and apply for grants and scholarships to help pay for their tuition.\\n4. What are the best clinical psychology programs in Canada?\\nThere are a bunch of quality clinical psychology programs in Canada.\\nThe Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) sets the standard for universities to meet in order to be accredited institutions. The good news is there are actually many great schools in Canada that are fully accredited and can educate, train, and prepare you for a career as a clinical psychologist, including the University of British Columbia, Concordia University, Dalhousie University, and McGill University.\\nFor a full list of all of the accredited universities in Canada, visit: https://cpa.ca/accreditation/cpaaccreditedprograms/#clinical.\\n5. How do you get a job as a clinical psychologist in Canada?\\nJoin the staff of a medical facility or start your own practice.\\nOnce you’re registered and certified to practice in a Canadian province, you can apply for a position at a hospital, school, or private practice to start treating clients there. You can also start your own practice, rent office space, and hire staff such as a receptionist to help your business run smoothly.\\nJoining the staff of an established facility is easier and is a great way to gain experience. You won’t have to worry about things like payroll and billing—that’s all handled by the facility.\\nStarting your own practice means you can carve a niche for yourself and set your own hours. But you’ll also need to pay your staff, handle overhead costs, and market your business to find more clients.\\n6. How much do clinical psychologists make in Canada?\\nThe average clinical psychologist makes almost $100,000 CAD.\\nA big part of the reason folks are willing to go through so much school and pay so much for their education as a clinical psychologist is the money you can expect to earn once you’re licensed and practicing. It pays well. Many clinical psychologists earn a six-figure salary.\\nKeep in mind you’ll likely have a fair amount of student loans to pay off at first. But once you’re debt-free, you can earn a pretty penny as a practicing clinical psychologist.\\n7. Are clinical psychologists in demand in Canada?\\nYes, psychologists are in demand and one of the highest-paying jobs!\\nCanada needs more psychologists, so if you’re thinking of pursuing a career as one, you don’t have to stress about whether or not you’ll be able to find a job. You can focus on your studies and rest assured that you’ll most likely be able to land a position when you graduate.\\nIf you want to be a clinical psychologist, look at the PsyD programs and the Ph.D. programs.\\nYou require a long, big commitment of eight years to become a clinical psychologist.\\nThink about whether you need the doctor in front of your name. If you do not need it, you can check out other more inexpensive and shorter programs.\\nTips\\nIf you know any clinical psychologists, try reaching out to them about their journey. They may give you some helpful tips and info as you’re getting started pursuing a career in the field.\\nWarnings\\nYou can take on a lot of debt pursuing a degree in clinical psychology. Make sure you understand the terms of any loans that you take out!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re looking for a rewarding career where you can really help people, make a difference, and earn a pretty penny while you’re at it, being a clinical psychologist may be the one for you! Clinical psychologists work directly with their clients to help treat and manage any psychological symptoms they’re dealing with. In Canada, it’s a very in-demand and well-paying job, and while it can take a lot of time and money to become a clinical psychologist, it can be really worth it. To help you get a clearer picture, we’ve answered a few of the most common questions that people have about what it takes to become one.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What qualifications do I need to be a psychologist in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You need to have a master’s or doctoral degree in psychology.\", \"描述\": \"Your first step to become a psychologist in Canada is to earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from a university. Then, obtain a master’s degree such as a Master of Arts (M.A.) or a Master of Science (M.S.) which will prepare you for entry into a doctoral program. At the doctoral level, you can earn a Ph.D. in clinical or experimental psychology, or a Psy.D., both of which will prepare you for professional practice as a clinical psychologist.\\nMost provinces in Canada require you to have a doctoral degree in order to be a licensed clinical psychologist, but some may allow you to work as a psychologist with just a master’s degree, such as Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland.\\nSome bachelor’s degree programs may allow you to go straight into a Ph.D. program without having to earn a master’s degree. Check out the school’s website to see if they have a program that allows you to do it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"You’ll need to spend at least a year as an intern.\", \"描述\": \"In order to learn how to practice as a clinical psychologist and treat patients, you need to learn from an experienced person. After you earn your doctoral degree, you can apply for an internship or supervised practice where you’ll work alongside a licensed psychologist and learn the ins and outs of being a psychologist. Most provinces in Canada require at least a year of supervised practice in order to be certified to practice as a clinical psychologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"You need to register as a psychologist with your local province.\", \"描述\": \"Every province in Canada has slightly different requirements. Generally, you’ll need your doctoral degree, experience as an intern working under a licensed psychologist for at least a year, and you may need to take an exam in order to be certified and registered to legally practice in the province. Check out the medical board’s website for the province where you plan to practice to see what their requirements are so you can prepare for them.For instance, in Ontario, you’ll need to pass exams that cover professional practices and ethics in order to be certified.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How long does it take to become a clinical psychologist?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It takes about 6-9 years after receiving your bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"The time it takes you to complete your degree can vary slightly depending on the universities you attend. Generally, it takes about 2-3 years to complete your master’s degree. Then, you’ll usually spend 4-6 years earning your doctoral degree. All in all, if you include your bachelor’s degree (which usually takes 4 years to complete), it can take between 10-13 years to earn all of the required degrees plus 1 year of experience as an intern to become a clinical psychologist.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How much does it cost to become a psychologist in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It costs about $32,000 CAD a year to study for master’s and doctoral degrees.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a clinical psychologist isn’t cheap! The cost of earning your bachelor’s degree can vary from university to university, but generally cost about $7,000 CAD a year. Once you earn your bachelor’s and start working on your master’s and doctorate degrees, you can expect to pay up to $32,000 CAD a year with all expenses included.\\nMost people use student loans and apply for grants and scholarships to help pay for their tuition.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What are the best clinical psychology programs in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"There are a bunch of quality clinical psychology programs in Canada.\", \"描述\": \"The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) sets the standard for universities to meet in order to be accredited institutions. The good news is there are actually many great schools in Canada that are fully accredited and can educate, train, and prepare you for a career as a clinical psychologist, including the University of British Columbia, Concordia University, Dalhousie University, and McGill University.\\nFor a full list of all of the accredited universities in Canada, visit: https://cpa.ca/accreditation/cpaaccreditedprograms/#clinical.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"How do you get a job as a clinical psychologist in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join the staff of a medical facility or start your own practice.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re registered and certified to practice in a Canadian province, you can apply for a position at a hospital, school, or private practice to start treating clients there. You can also start your own practice, rent office space, and hire staff such as a receptionist to help your business run smoothly.\\nJoining the staff of an established facility is easier and is a great way to gain experience. You won’t have to worry about things like payroll and billing—that’s all handled by the facility.\\nStarting your own practice means you can carve a niche for yourself and set your own hours. But you’ll also need to pay your staff, handle overhead costs, and market your business to find more clients.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"How much do clinical psychologists make in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The average clinical psychologist makes almost $100,000 CAD.\", \"描述\": \"A big part of the reason folks are willing to go through so much school and pay so much for their education as a clinical psychologist is the money you can expect to earn once you’re licensed and practicing. It pays well. Many clinical psychologists earn a six-figure salary.\\nKeep in mind you’ll likely have a fair amount of student loans to pay off at first. But once you’re debt-free, you can earn a pretty penny as a practicing clinical psychologist.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Are clinical psychologists in demand in Canada?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Yes, psychologists are in demand and one of the highest-paying jobs!\", \"描述\": \"Canada needs more psychologists, so if you’re thinking of pursuing a career as one, you don’t have to stress about whether or not you’ll be able to find a job. You can focus on your studies and rest assured that you’ll most likely be able to land a position when you graduate.\\nIf you want to be a clinical psychologist, look at the PsyD programs and the Ph.D. programs.\\nYou require a long, big commitment of eight years to become a clinical psychologist.\\nThink about whether you need the doctor in front of your name. If you do not need it, you can check out other more inexpensive and shorter programs.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you know any clinical psychologists, try reaching out to them about their journey. They may give you some helpful tips and info as you’re getting started pursuing a career in the field.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"You can take on a lot of debt pursuing a degree in clinical psychology. Make sure you understand the terms of any loans that you take out!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,282 |
How to Become a Clown
|
1. Outfits
1-1. Wear a colorful wig.
Many clowns wear wigs over their real hair. Be sure to try on your wig at the costume shop to make sure it fits. Clowns often have rainbow-colored wigs.
1-2. Wear a brightly colored printed shirt with big buttons.
Wear something that fits your style, matches your outfit, and looks a little bit outrageous. Feel free to layer a bright jacket or blazer over your shirt, too. Find one at either a costume shop or a thrift store.
1-3. Wear oversize pants or overalls.
Clowns often wear very bright colors and prints. They also wear a lot of primary colors. Choose pants that match your current ensemble. Buy these at a costume shop. Pajama pants will also work!
1-4. Choose a bow tie or traditional tie in bright colors.
Nothing is too loud or too outrageous for a clown outfit. Really large ties tend to look best on clowns because the rest of their outfits are already oversized.
1-5. Wear elaborate socks.
You can choose any pattern of sock as long as you think that it goes with the rest of your outfit. Tuck your pants into your socks if you really like your socks to show them off.
1-6. Wear oversized shoes.
A typical clown wears enormous shoes that are bright and shiny. Look for a pair of these at a costume shop.
Wear a class red “clown nose.” Not all clowns need red noses, but a red nose instantly identifies you as a clown. Buy some spare noses at a costume shop, too.
2. Makeup
2-1. Allow 30 to 45 minutes to do your makeup.
Set up your materials. You will need a thick white cream base, red and black face paint, as well as your desired colors for your own specific patterns and designs. You will also need both thick and thin makeup brushes, as well as a sponge.
2-2. Wash your face.
Make sure it is free of any other makeup. Moisturize your skin with a light face cream.
2-3. Paint the base of your face entirely white.
Make the coat of white base thick and even. Use both the sponge and the thick makeup brush. Cover your eyebrows. Put on a headband to hold your hair back. Paint your neck and ears white, too. Make sure that there is no white skin showing on your head and neck.
2-4. Draw back on your eyebrows with black face paint using a thin brush.
Draw them above where your typical eyebrows would be, about halfway between your real eyebrows and your hairline. Outline them first with a black eyeliner pencil, and then fill them in. Make them more larger, longer, more arched, and more expressive than your normal eyebrows so that you look happier.
2-5. Paint your lips red.
Again, draw a more exaggerated, larger lip shape than you actually have. Outline your lips in black first and then paint them in red. You can paint your lips into a smile or into a sad face, if you choose.
2-6. Add your own details.
All clowns have their own styles. Look at various pictures of clowns and pick out the clown makeup details that interest you most. Here are some examples:
painted triangles either above or below the eyes, outlined in black with a dot at the point of the triangle farthest from the eye
red circular cheeks
exaggerated eyeshadow that extends to the eyebrow
freckles in bright colors
fake tears
3. Performance
3-1. Create a clown persona.
Get to know your clown’s character. Is your clown persona extroverted, shy, goofy? What kinds of tricks do you want to do as a clown? A shy clown probably would not do showy magic tricks, and a goofy clown probably would not have makeup with fake tears on it. Make sure that your clown has a distinctive character. Many clowns often improvise when they’re onstage; practice your improvisation while you’re exploring your clown’s character.
3-2. Create a name for your clown persona.
Many clowns have their own names that they use for professional purposes. This name sometimes ends in “o,” such as “Bozo” or “Cheeko.” Think about your name carefully, because you will use it to market yourself for gigs.
3-3. Acquire clown accessories.
Clowns always have tricks up their sleeves, from balloon animals to card tricks to handkerchiefs for juggling. Here are some examples of things you might want in your own clown arsenal.
Balloons and balloon pumper for making balloon animals
Handkerchiefs for juggling
Fake thumb tips
“Magic change bags” (for turning something into something else)
Silk scarves
A “trick” deck of cards
3-4. Create your performance.
Clowns aim to be funny and also tend to do different tricks throughout their acts. Whether you want to make balloon animals, juggle, perform magic, mime, or do a comedic routine, your act will ultimately be a performance. You can also consider humor, especially slapstick humor, when creating your act. When people see clowns, they want to laugh and be entertained. Watch videos of successful clowns (either at the circus or doing freelance work) to see what fits your style and persona.
3-5. Practice your tricks.
Practice in front of the mirror with your costume and makeup done. Make your card tricks and balloon animals flawless so that you can focus on other aspects of your performance.
3-6. Practice your performance for a small audience.
Gather a group of people you know and trust to evaluate your clown performance. If you know any other people who clown, ask them to critique your performance. Practice your performance as though it is the “real thing” and ask them to write down comments for you on ways to improve it and things that are working well. Here are some questions you can ask them:
What in my performance was funny?
What was not funny?
What was impressive in terms of tricks?
Did the performance “drag” in any places?
What did you like about my performance?
What did you dislike?
Overall, did it feel too long or too short?
Did anything look unpolished?
3-7. Attend clown college.
Spend 8 weeks learning about the process of being a clown. You will receive training to develop your clowning skills. You will also receive professional development; after the end of the 8 weeks, the college will facilitate your auditions for different circuses, if you would like.
3-8. Join a clown organization.
Many groups, like the World Clown Association, exist for the purpose of supporting aspiring clowns. Explore the resources that a clown organization can offer to you, whether it might be mentorship from an older or more experienced clown or a tutorial on how to do makeup more effectively. Many of these resources are available only to members.
3-9. Decide what kind of work you want to pursue as a clown.
Many clowns start out in the world of freelancing, but, eventually, clowns either focus on freelance work or try to start performing with a circus. Decide which of these options is for you. Do you want to stay in one place to do freelance work, or would you travel with a circus?
Freelance clowns have more flexibility in their schedules, but they do need to market themselves extensively so that they keep getting gigs. If you are an established circus clown, it may be easier to get more freelance gigs. Consider joining a circus for a couple of years and then settling into freelance work.
Circus clowns need to audition and travel with the circus. However, unlike freelance clowns, they do receive health benefits. Many people cannot be circus clowns for their entire careers because the travelling is challenging. Circus clowns may do 500 shows in one calendar year!
4. Freelance Clown Work
4-1. Master in-demand clowning skills.
Focus on skills that people typically want from clowns. Getting really good at these skills will allow you to give your customers what they want. Here are some typical clown “acts” that people love to see:
Balloon animals
Small pranks (such as squirting water from a flower)
Basic magic (pulling a rabbit out of a hat)
Slapstick humor
Juggling
Small acrobatics
4-2. Market yourself.
Create business cards with your contact information, clown name, and photo. Write down your specialties, such as birthday parties, magic tricks, or slapstick humor. Make flyers with this information on them and hang them up in public places (such as coffee shops, restaurants, and toy stores).
4-3. Perform for free.
Offer to do a friend’s child’s birthday party free of charge. Many clowns succeed because of word of mouth. If you offer to do one birthday party for free, you might get three more offers from parents at the party.
You can also set yourself up on a street corner to perform for tips. Put business cards out for people to take. Make sure that it is legal in your area to perform on the street. Sometimes clowning on the street for tips is a great way to meet new people and practice your performance.
4-4. Ask friends to recommend you to their friends.
Freelance work is all about growing a network. Ask friends, family, coworkers, and neighbors to help you get more clients and gigs. Make sure that you give them multiple business cards of yours so that they can hand them out to others.
4-5. Decide on your rate.
As you become a more experienced and sought-after clown, you can definitely increase your rate. In the beginning, though, choose a rate that covers all the costs of your performance (such as balloons and transportation) plus a small amount that will increase as you become more experienced. Initially, charge about $100 per hour. More experienced or sought-after clowns can push as much as $500 per hour.
5. Circus Clown Work
5-1. Go to circus school.
In addition to clown college, you might find it beneficial to enroll in circus school. Circus school will give you a background in a number of different disciplines, including aerial arts, ground skills, physical theatre, and dance. You might find these skills useful as a clown who plans to audition for the circus.
5-2. Do a couple of freelance gigs.
Try to get some more minor gigs--like birthday parties or festivals--before you audition for the circus. Practice your skills and performance.
In particular, circuses look for a good sense of body language, comedic timing, improvisation, and special skills, such as gymnastics or juggling. Every circus will look for a different amount of experience and slightly different skills.
5-3. Be prepared to travel extensively.
If you choose to join the circus, you will need to travel with the circus, wherever it goes. Make sure your family knows about your plans. Make arrangements for any pets that you have. Determine if you want to keep paying rent or terminate your lease.
5-4. Audition for the circus.
Look online to find job openings at different circuses. Look into the big circuses, such as Cirque du Soleil and the Ringling Bros. & Barnum and Bailey, but also don’t be afraid to begin your career with a smaller circus. If you've taken classes or known other clowns, ask them if they know of upcoming job opportunities. Apply for every job you think you could do. Although there are many job openings in circus careers, having options is still good.
If you have trouble getting auditions or don’t get a job offer, take classes and add more clowning skills to your repertoire.
Tips
Practice several different face makeup options and outfits. You may want to switch up your style as a clown at some point.
Market yourself shamelessly to everyone you know! Don’t be afraid of sounding too pushy. If you want to make a career out of clowning, you should exhaust every possible person and resource to ensure success.
Warnings
When performing on the street, be careful of approaching children without their parents. Clowns can be intimidating, and parents are often very protective of their children.
Some people are afraid of clowns. Try not to approach anyone who seems fearful or hesitant to engage with you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Outfits\\n1-1. Wear a colorful wig.\\nMany clowns wear wigs over their real hair. Be sure to try on your wig at the costume shop to make sure it fits. Clowns often have rainbow-colored wigs.\\n1-2. Wear a brightly colored printed shirt with big buttons.\\nWear something that fits your style, matches your outfit, and looks a little bit outrageous. Feel free to layer a bright jacket or blazer over your shirt, too. Find one at either a costume shop or a thrift store.\\n1-3. Wear oversize pants or overalls.\\nClowns often wear very bright colors and prints. They also wear a lot of primary colors. Choose pants that match your current ensemble. Buy these at a costume shop. Pajama pants will also work!\\n1-4. Choose a bow tie or traditional tie in bright colors.\\nNothing is too loud or too outrageous for a clown outfit. Really large ties tend to look best on clowns because the rest of their outfits are already oversized.\\n1-5. Wear elaborate socks.\\nYou can choose any pattern of sock as long as you think that it goes with the rest of your outfit. Tuck your pants into your socks if you really like your socks to show them off.\\n1-6. Wear oversized shoes.\\nA typical clown wears enormous shoes that are bright and shiny. Look for a pair of these at a costume shop.\\nWear a class red “clown nose.” Not all clowns need red noses, but a red nose instantly identifies you as a clown. Buy some spare noses at a costume shop, too.\\n2. Makeup\\n2-1. Allow 30 to 45 minutes to do your makeup.\\nSet up your materials. You will need a thick white cream base, red and black face paint, as well as your desired colors for your own specific patterns and designs. You will also need both thick and thin makeup brushes, as well as a sponge.\\n2-2. Wash your face.\\nMake sure it is free of any other makeup. Moisturize your skin with a light face cream.\\n2-3. Paint the base of your face entirely white.\\nMake the coat of white base thick and even. Use both the sponge and the thick makeup brush. Cover your eyebrows. Put on a headband to hold your hair back. Paint your neck and ears white, too. Make sure that there is no white skin showing on your head and neck.\\n2-4. Draw back on your eyebrows with black face paint using a thin brush.\\nDraw them above where your typical eyebrows would be, about halfway between your real eyebrows and your hairline. Outline them first with a black eyeliner pencil, and then fill them in. Make them more larger, longer, more arched, and more expressive than your normal eyebrows so that you look happier.\\n2-5. Paint your lips red.\\nAgain, draw a more exaggerated, larger lip shape than you actually have. Outline your lips in black first and then paint them in red. You can paint your lips into a smile or into a sad face, if you choose.\\n2-6. Add your own details.\\nAll clowns have their own styles. Look at various pictures of clowns and pick out the clown makeup details that interest you most. Here are some examples:\\npainted triangles either above or below the eyes, outlined in black with a dot at the point of the triangle farthest from the eye\\nred circular cheeks\\nexaggerated eyeshadow that extends to the eyebrow\\nfreckles in bright colors\\nfake tears\\n3. Performance\\n3-1. Create a clown persona.\\nGet to know your clown’s character. Is your clown persona extroverted, shy, goofy? What kinds of tricks do you want to do as a clown? A shy clown probably would not do showy magic tricks, and a goofy clown probably would not have makeup with fake tears on it. Make sure that your clown has a distinctive character. Many clowns often improvise when they’re onstage; practice your improvisation while you’re exploring your clown’s character.\\n3-2. Create a name for your clown persona.\\nMany clowns have their own names that they use for professional purposes. This name sometimes ends in “o,” such as “Bozo” or “Cheeko.” Think about your name carefully, because you will use it to market yourself for gigs.\\n3-3. Acquire clown accessories.\\nClowns always have tricks up their sleeves, from balloon animals to card tricks to handkerchiefs for juggling. Here are some examples of things you might want in your own clown arsenal.\\nBalloons and balloon pumper for making balloon animals\\nHandkerchiefs for juggling\\nFake thumb tips\\n“Magic change bags” (for turning something into something else)\\nSilk scarves\\nA “trick” deck of cards\\n3-4. Create your performance.\\nClowns aim to be funny and also tend to do different tricks throughout their acts. Whether you want to make balloon animals, juggle, perform magic, mime, or do a comedic routine, your act will ultimately be a performance. You can also consider humor, especially slapstick humor, when creating your act. When people see clowns, they want to laugh and be entertained. Watch videos of successful clowns (either at the circus or doing freelance work) to see what fits your style and persona.\\n3-5. Practice your tricks.\\nPractice in front of the mirror with your costume and makeup done. Make your card tricks and balloon animals flawless so that you can focus on other aspects of your performance.\\n3-6. Practice your performance for a small audience.\\nGather a group of people you know and trust to evaluate your clown performance. If you know any other people who clown, ask them to critique your performance. Practice your performance as though it is the “real thing” and ask them to write down comments for you on ways to improve it and things that are working well. Here are some questions you can ask them:\\nWhat in my performance was funny?\\nWhat was not funny?\\nWhat was impressive in terms of tricks?\\nDid the performance “drag” in any places?\\nWhat did you like about my performance?\\nWhat did you dislike?\\nOverall, did it feel too long or too short?\\nDid anything look unpolished?\\n3-7. Attend clown college.\\nSpend 8 weeks learning about the process of being a clown. You will receive training to develop your clowning skills. You will also receive professional development; after the end of the 8 weeks, the college will facilitate your auditions for different circuses, if you would like.\\n3-8. Join a clown organization.\\nMany groups, like the World Clown Association, exist for the purpose of supporting aspiring clowns. Explore the resources that a clown organization can offer to you, whether it might be mentorship from an older or more experienced clown or a tutorial on how to do makeup more effectively. Many of these resources are available only to members.\\n3-9. Decide what kind of work you want to pursue as a clown.\\nMany clowns start out in the world of freelancing, but, eventually, clowns either focus on freelance work or try to start performing with a circus. Decide which of these options is for you. Do you want to stay in one place to do freelance work, or would you travel with a circus?\\nFreelance clowns have more flexibility in their schedules, but they do need to market themselves extensively so that they keep getting gigs. If you are an established circus clown, it may be easier to get more freelance gigs. Consider joining a circus for a couple of years and then settling into freelance work.\\nCircus clowns need to audition and travel with the circus. However, unlike freelance clowns, they do receive health benefits. Many people cannot be circus clowns for their entire careers because the travelling is challenging. Circus clowns may do 500 shows in one calendar year!\\n4. Freelance Clown Work\\n4-1. Master in-demand clowning skills.\\nFocus on skills that people typically want from clowns. Getting really good at these skills will allow you to give your customers what they want. Here are some typical clown “acts” that people love to see:\\nBalloon animals\\nSmall pranks (such as squirting water from a flower)\\nBasic magic (pulling a rabbit out of a hat)\\nSlapstick humor\\nJuggling\\nSmall acrobatics\\n4-2. Market yourself.\\nCreate business cards with your contact information, clown name, and photo. Write down your specialties, such as birthday parties, magic tricks, or slapstick humor. Make flyers with this information on them and hang them up in public places (such as coffee shops, restaurants, and toy stores).\\n4-3. Perform for free.\\nOffer to do a friend’s child’s birthday party free of charge. Many clowns succeed because of word of mouth. If you offer to do one birthday party for free, you might get three more offers from parents at the party.\\nYou can also set yourself up on a street corner to perform for tips. Put business cards out for people to take. Make sure that it is legal in your area to perform on the street. Sometimes clowning on the street for tips is a great way to meet new people and practice your performance.\\n4-4. Ask friends to recommend you to their friends.\\nFreelance work is all about growing a network. Ask friends, family, coworkers, and neighbors to help you get more clients and gigs. Make sure that you give them multiple business cards of yours so that they can hand them out to others.\\n4-5. Decide on your rate.\\nAs you become a more experienced and sought-after clown, you can definitely increase your rate. In the beginning, though, choose a rate that covers all the costs of your performance (such as balloons and transportation) plus a small amount that will increase as you become more experienced. Initially, charge about $100 per hour. More experienced or sought-after clowns can push as much as $500 per hour.\\n5. Circus Clown Work\\n5-1. Go to circus school.\\nIn addition to clown college, you might find it beneficial to enroll in circus school. Circus school will give you a background in a number of different disciplines, including aerial arts, ground skills, physical theatre, and dance. You might find these skills useful as a clown who plans to audition for the circus.\\n5-2. Do a couple of freelance gigs.\\nTry to get some more minor gigs--like birthday parties or festivals--before you audition for the circus. Practice your skills and performance.\\nIn particular, circuses look for a good sense of body language, comedic timing, improvisation, and special skills, such as gymnastics or juggling. Every circus will look for a different amount of experience and slightly different skills.\\n5-3. Be prepared to travel extensively.\\nIf you choose to join the circus, you will need to travel with the circus, wherever it goes. Make sure your family knows about your plans. Make arrangements for any pets that you have. Determine if you want to keep paying rent or terminate your lease.\\n5-4. Audition for the circus.\\nLook online to find job openings at different circuses. Look into the big circuses, such as Cirque du Soleil and the Ringling Bros. & Barnum and Bailey, but also don’t be afraid to begin your career with a smaller circus. If you've taken classes or known other clowns, ask them if they know of upcoming job opportunities. Apply for every job you think you could do. Although there are many job openings in circus careers, having options is still good.\\nIf you have trouble getting auditions or don’t get a job offer, take classes and add more clowning skills to your repertoire.\\nTips\\nPractice several different face makeup options and outfits. You may want to switch up your style as a clown at some point.\\nMarket yourself shamelessly to everyone you know! Don’t be afraid of sounding too pushy. If you want to make a career out of clowning, you should exhaust every possible person and resource to ensure success.\\nWarnings\\nWhen performing on the street, be careful of approaching children without their parents. Clowns can be intimidating, and parents are often very protective of their children.\\nSome people are afraid of clowns. Try not to approach anyone who seems fearful or hesitant to engage with you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have ever been to the circus or a children's birthday party, you might understand the impulse to become a clown. Clowns make people laugh, they often have funny or entertaining performances, and they are always wearing outrageous outfits. Whether you want to pursue a career in clowning or just dress up for your child's birthday party, start with these tips to become a convincing and hilarious clown.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Outfits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear a colorful wig.\", \"描述\": \"Many clowns wear wigs over their real hair. Be sure to try on your wig at the costume shop to make sure it fits. Clowns often have rainbow-colored wigs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wear a brightly colored printed shirt with big buttons.\", \"描述\": \"Wear something that fits your style, matches your outfit, and looks a little bit outrageous. Feel free to layer a bright jacket or blazer over your shirt, too. Find one at either a costume shop or a thrift store.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wear oversize pants or overalls.\", \"描述\": \"Clowns often wear very bright colors and prints. They also wear a lot of primary colors. Choose pants that match your current ensemble. Buy these at a costume shop. Pajama pants will also work!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a bow tie or traditional tie in bright colors.\", \"描述\": \"Nothing is too loud or too outrageous for a clown outfit. Really large ties tend to look best on clowns because the rest of their outfits are already oversized.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wear elaborate socks.\", \"描述\": \"You can choose any pattern of sock as long as you think that it goes with the rest of your outfit. Tuck your pants into your socks if you really like your socks to show them off.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wear oversized shoes.\", \"描述\": \"A typical clown wears enormous shoes that are bright and shiny. Look for a pair of these at a costume shop.\\nWear a class red “clown nose.” Not all clowns need red noses, but a red nose instantly identifies you as a clown. Buy some spare noses at a costume shop, too.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Makeup\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Allow 30 to 45 minutes to do your makeup.\", \"描述\": \"Set up your materials. You will need a thick white cream base, red and black face paint, as well as your desired colors for your own specific patterns and designs. You will also need both thick and thin makeup brushes, as well as a sponge.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wash your face.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure it is free of any other makeup. Moisturize your skin with a light face cream.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Paint the base of your face entirely white.\", \"描述\": \"Make the coat of white base thick and even. Use both the sponge and the thick makeup brush. Cover your eyebrows. Put on a headband to hold your hair back. Paint your neck and ears white, too. Make sure that there is no white skin showing on your head and neck.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Draw back on your eyebrows with black face paint using a thin brush.\", \"描述\": \"Draw them above where your typical eyebrows would be, about halfway between your real eyebrows and your hairline. Outline them first with a black eyeliner pencil, and then fill them in. Make them more larger, longer, more arched, and more expressive than your normal eyebrows so that you look happier.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Paint your lips red.\", \"描述\": \"Again, draw a more exaggerated, larger lip shape than you actually have. Outline your lips in black first and then paint them in red. You can paint your lips into a smile or into a sad face, if you choose.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add your own details.\", \"描述\": \"All clowns have their own styles. Look at various pictures of clowns and pick out the clown makeup details that interest you most. Here are some examples:\\npainted triangles either above or below the eyes, outlined in black with a dot at the point of the triangle farthest from the eye\\nred circular cheeks\\nexaggerated eyeshadow that extends to the eyebrow\\nfreckles in bright colors\\nfake tears\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Performance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a clown persona.\", \"描述\": \"Get to know your clown’s character. Is your clown persona extroverted, shy, goofy? What kinds of tricks do you want to do as a clown? A shy clown probably would not do showy magic tricks, and a goofy clown probably would not have makeup with fake tears on it. Make sure that your clown has a distinctive character. Many clowns often improvise when they’re onstage; practice your improvisation while you’re exploring your clown’s character.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a name for your clown persona.\", \"描述\": \"Many clowns have their own names that they use for professional purposes. This name sometimes ends in “o,” such as “Bozo” or “Cheeko.” Think about your name carefully, because you will use it to market yourself for gigs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquire clown accessories.\", \"描述\": \"Clowns always have tricks up their sleeves, from balloon animals to card tricks to handkerchiefs for juggling. Here are some examples of things you might want in your own clown arsenal.\\nBalloons and balloon pumper for making balloon animals\\nHandkerchiefs for juggling\\nFake thumb tips\\n“Magic change bags” (for turning something into something else)\\nSilk scarves\\nA “trick” deck of cards\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create your performance.\", \"描述\": \"Clowns aim to be funny and also tend to do different tricks throughout their acts. Whether you want to make balloon animals, juggle, perform magic, mime, or do a comedic routine, your act will ultimately be a performance. You can also consider humor, especially slapstick humor, when creating your act. When people see clowns, they want to laugh and be entertained. Watch videos of successful clowns (either at the circus or doing freelance work) to see what fits your style and persona.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice your tricks.\", \"描述\": \"Practice in front of the mirror with your costume and makeup done. Make your card tricks and balloon animals flawless so that you can focus on other aspects of your performance.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Practice your performance for a small audience.\", \"描述\": \"Gather a group of people you know and trust to evaluate your clown performance. If you know any other people who clown, ask them to critique your performance. Practice your performance as though it is the “real thing” and ask them to write down comments for you on ways to improve it and things that are working well. Here are some questions you can ask them:\\nWhat in my performance was funny?\\nWhat was not funny?\\nWhat was impressive in terms of tricks?\\nDid the performance “drag” in any places?\\nWhat did you like about my performance?\\nWhat did you dislike?\\nOverall, did it feel too long or too short?\\nDid anything look unpolished?\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Attend clown college.\", \"描述\": \"Spend 8 weeks learning about the process of being a clown. You will receive training to develop your clowning skills. You will also receive professional development; after the end of the 8 weeks, the college will facilitate your auditions for different circuses, if you would like.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Join a clown organization.\", \"描述\": \"Many groups, like the World Clown Association, exist for the purpose of supporting aspiring clowns. Explore the resources that a clown organization can offer to you, whether it might be mentorship from an older or more experienced clown or a tutorial on how to do makeup more effectively. Many of these resources are available only to members.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of work you want to pursue as a clown.\", \"描述\": \"Many clowns start out in the world of freelancing, but, eventually, clowns either focus on freelance work or try to start performing with a circus. Decide which of these options is for you. Do you want to stay in one place to do freelance work, or would you travel with a circus?\\nFreelance clowns have more flexibility in their schedules, but they do need to market themselves extensively so that they keep getting gigs. If you are an established circus clown, it may be easier to get more freelance gigs. Consider joining a circus for a couple of years and then settling into freelance work.\\nCircus clowns need to audition and travel with the circus. However, unlike freelance clowns, they do receive health benefits. Many people cannot be circus clowns for their entire careers because the travelling is challenging. Circus clowns may do 500 shows in one calendar year!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Freelance Clown Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Master in-demand clowning skills.\", \"描述\": \"Focus on skills that people typically want from clowns. Getting really good at these skills will allow you to give your customers what they want. Here are some typical clown “acts” that people love to see:\\nBalloon animals\\nSmall pranks (such as squirting water from a flower)\\nBasic magic (pulling a rabbit out of a hat)\\nSlapstick humor\\nJuggling\\nSmall acrobatics\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Market yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Create business cards with your contact information, clown name, and photo. Write down your specialties, such as birthday parties, magic tricks, or slapstick humor. Make flyers with this information on them and hang them up in public places (such as coffee shops, restaurants, and toy stores).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Perform for free.\", \"描述\": \"Offer to do a friend’s child’s birthday party free of charge. Many clowns succeed because of word of mouth. If you offer to do one birthday party for free, you might get three more offers from parents at the party.\\nYou can also set yourself up on a street corner to perform for tips. Put business cards out for people to take. Make sure that it is legal in your area to perform on the street. Sometimes clowning on the street for tips is a great way to meet new people and practice your performance.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask friends to recommend you to their friends.\", \"描述\": \"Freelance work is all about growing a network. Ask friends, family, coworkers, and neighbors to help you get more clients and gigs. Make sure that you give them multiple business cards of yours so that they can hand them out to others.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Decide on your rate.\", \"描述\": \"As you become a more experienced and sought-after clown, you can definitely increase your rate. In the beginning, though, choose a rate that covers all the costs of your performance (such as balloons and transportation) plus a small amount that will increase as you become more experienced. Initially, charge about $100 per hour. More experienced or sought-after clowns can push as much as $500 per hour.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Circus Clown Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to circus school.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to clown college, you might find it beneficial to enroll in circus school. Circus school will give you a background in a number of different disciplines, including aerial arts, ground skills, physical theatre, and dance. You might find these skills useful as a clown who plans to audition for the circus.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do a couple of freelance gigs.\", \"描述\": \"Try to get some more minor gigs--like birthday parties or festivals--before you audition for the circus. Practice your skills and performance.\\nIn particular, circuses look for a good sense of body language, comedic timing, improvisation, and special skills, such as gymnastics or juggling. Every circus will look for a different amount of experience and slightly different skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to travel extensively.\", \"描述\": \"If you choose to join the circus, you will need to travel with the circus, wherever it goes. Make sure your family knows about your plans. Make arrangements for any pets that you have. Determine if you want to keep paying rent or terminate your lease.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Audition for the circus.\", \"描述\": \"Look online to find job openings at different circuses. Look into the big circuses, such as Cirque du Soleil and the Ringling Bros. & Barnum and Bailey, but also don’t be afraid to begin your career with a smaller circus. If you've taken classes or known other clowns, ask them if they know of upcoming job opportunities. Apply for every job you think you could do. Although there are many job openings in circus careers, having options is still good.\\nIf you have trouble getting auditions or don’t get a job offer, take classes and add more clowning skills to your repertoire.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Practice several different face makeup options and outfits. You may want to switch up your style as a clown at some point.\\n\", \"Market yourself shamelessly to everyone you know! Don’t be afraid of sounding too pushy. If you want to make a career out of clowning, you should exhaust every possible person and resource to ensure success.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"When performing on the street, be careful of approaching children without their parents. Clowns can be intimidating, and parents are often very protective of their children.\\n\", \"Some people are afraid of clowns. Try not to approach anyone who seems fearful or hesitant to engage with you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,283 |
How to Become a Coin Dealer
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1. Gaining Numismatic Skills
1-1. Collect coins.
Most coin dealers start as collectors because it’s a great way to learn about different types of coins, how to recognize valuable coins, and learn the ins and outs of the coin industry.
You can collect coins from a lot of different sources. Coin dealers will have coins of varying prices that can help you build your collection. You can also get coins from internet dealers, which are great if you’re looking for a specific coin.
1-2. Learn to grade coins.
Grading coins is the process by which you determine certain qualities of the coin that affect the coin’s worth. Where you’re planning on being a dealer will affect the grading system you use, but you should be familiar with your country’s grading system.
For example, the American Numismatic Association has Grading Standards that include 16 grades. Each grade corresponds to the coin’s circulation status, quality, and wear and tear.
One of the best ways to learn how to grade coins is by working for an established dealer, even if you can only work there part-time.
1-3. Learn to negotiate.
When you become a coin dealer, you’ll need to negotiate the prices of your coins with customers. You’ll have to learn to be fair but confident to make sure you get the price you want for your coin while retaining your customers.
1-4. Hone your communication skills.
As a coin dealer, you’ll need to communicate with other dealers to replenish your inventory, with customers about their particular needs, and with the public to advertise your business.
2. Starting a Coin Dealing Business
2-1. Build your inventory.
There are a lot of ways to build your inventory. You can attend coin shows, work with established coin dealers, or check out coin shops. Let the people you're working with know that you're building an inventory and see if they have any suggestions for you.
You’ll want to make sure that the dealer you purchase your coins from is reputable. Ask for proof of membership in a professional coin dealing organization, or look for reviews of their business.
2-2. Begin with internet auctions.
Internet auctions are a great way to start coin dealing because they don’t require a huge inventory. Choose a few coins from your inventory that you want to sell and set up an internet auction on a website like eBay.
Internet auctions can also help you build a reputation for having good inventory without the financial investment that an actual shop will take.
You'll need to set up a seller's account on whatever website you use, and you might also want to set up a PayPal account to make getting paid for the coins easier. Don't leave your coins up for too long - get a good price but don't leave your inventory out there for too long.
2-3. Work tables at weekend coin shows.
Once you’ve had a few successful internet auctions and you’re more comfortable with selling coins, rent table space at weekend coin shows. These also don’t require a lot of inventory or overhead capital but give you a chance to build your presence in the coin dealing world.
The requirements for renting a table at a weekend show will vary from show to show. Search for shows happening near you, and then contact the show organizers to find out the details of renting a table.
Renting a table will cost some money, but it's cheaper than setting up a whole store.
Don't forget display cases for your coins!
2-4. Become an authorized dealer.
Different states and countries have different authorizing organizations. Becoming an authorized dealer lends you even more legitimacy because it tells your customers you’ve been in business for a certain amount of time and met certain requirements.
For example, to become an authorized Professional Coin Grading Service dealer, you’ll need to demonstrate you’ve been a full-time dealer for three years, have capital worth at least $100,00, and show three credit references and three references from other PCGS authorized dealers.
3. Opening a Coin Store
3-1. Create a business plan.
You should know what your hours will be, whether you’ll run the store on your own or need a staff, what your budget looks like, and what your customer base is.
If you don’t have a lot of business experience, you can hire a consultant or accountant to help you work out a business plan.
3-2. Rent or buy space for your business.
Start with a small space. If your business really grows, you’ll have the capital to move into a bigger place. Starting small ensures you can afford your expenses and stay within your budget.
3-3. File the appropriate paperwork.
Where you live will affect what sort of paperwork you need to file. Contact your city’s business bureau to find out where you need to start.
Paperwork you may need to file includes business zoning permits, a personal-business tax form, and a certificate of resale.
There are costs for filing this paperwork, so make sure you know how much you might expect to pay in your city and list it as an early business expense in your budget.
3-4. Get your Employer Identification Number.
If you are opening your business in the United States, you’ll need an EIN – which acts as a sort of Social Security Number for your business. The IRS website has the application available, and it only takes a few minutes to fill out.
3-5. Register your business’s name.
You’ll have to do this at the offices of your locality. The exact department where you need to register this information will vary depending on where you live. You can check your locality’s website, or call the main number for the administrative offices to see where you need to go.
4. Adding Legitimacy to Your Company
4-1. Market your business.
Building a website and creating advertising materials are a great way to get some attention for your business. Print up flyers and business cards to pass out at your store or shows you attend. All of your advertising should include your business’s contact information (the address of your store, your phone number, and your business hours).
You can build a website on a free host website like WordPress, or pay a little more for your own domain through other website hosts.
4-2. Cultivate a social media presence.
Social media accounts for your business allow you to advertise new inventory, specials, or general information. Facebook and Twitter both allow "business" accounts, so they're a great way to start.
If you have personal social media accounts, be sure to advertise your business accounts!
4-3. Join a professional organization in your area.
Each state and country has their own professional organization for coin dealers. Joining one gives your business more legitimacy and tells your customers that you’re the real deal.
For example, if you’re a coin dealer in the United States, you might consider joining the American Numismatic Association.
Coin dealers in the United Kingdom can look into professional organizations sanctioned by the Royal Mint.
Tips
Consider advertising your business in a trade journal.
Don’t expect immediate profit. Coins appreciate in value over time, but you may not turn a profit during the course of your business for several years.
Warnings
Make sure to adequate insure your inventory so that you don’t lose money in the event of loss or theft.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Numismatic Skills\\n1-1. Collect coins.\\nMost coin dealers start as collectors because it’s a great way to learn about different types of coins, how to recognize valuable coins, and learn the ins and outs of the coin industry.\\nYou can collect coins from a lot of different sources. Coin dealers will have coins of varying prices that can help you build your collection. You can also get coins from internet dealers, which are great if you’re looking for a specific coin.\\n1-2. Learn to grade coins.\\nGrading coins is the process by which you determine certain qualities of the coin that affect the coin’s worth. Where you’re planning on being a dealer will affect the grading system you use, but you should be familiar with your country’s grading system.\\nFor example, the American Numismatic Association has Grading Standards that include 16 grades. Each grade corresponds to the coin’s circulation status, quality, and wear and tear.\\nOne of the best ways to learn how to grade coins is by working for an established dealer, even if you can only work there part-time.\\n1-3. Learn to negotiate.\\nWhen you become a coin dealer, you’ll need to negotiate the prices of your coins with customers. You’ll have to learn to be fair but confident to make sure you get the price you want for your coin while retaining your customers.\\n1-4. Hone your communication skills.\\nAs a coin dealer, you’ll need to communicate with other dealers to replenish your inventory, with customers about their particular needs, and with the public to advertise your business.\\n2. Starting a Coin Dealing Business\\n2-1. Build your inventory.\\nThere are a lot of ways to build your inventory. You can attend coin shows, work with established coin dealers, or check out coin shops. Let the people you're working with know that you're building an inventory and see if they have any suggestions for you.\\nYou’ll want to make sure that the dealer you purchase your coins from is reputable. Ask for proof of membership in a professional coin dealing organization, or look for reviews of their business.\\n2-2. Begin with internet auctions.\\nInternet auctions are a great way to start coin dealing because they don’t require a huge inventory. Choose a few coins from your inventory that you want to sell and set up an internet auction on a website like eBay.\\nInternet auctions can also help you build a reputation for having good inventory without the financial investment that an actual shop will take.\\nYou'll need to set up a seller's account on whatever website you use, and you might also want to set up a PayPal account to make getting paid for the coins easier. Don't leave your coins up for too long - get a good price but don't leave your inventory out there for too long.\\n2-3. Work tables at weekend coin shows.\\nOnce you’ve had a few successful internet auctions and you’re more comfortable with selling coins, rent table space at weekend coin shows. These also don’t require a lot of inventory or overhead capital but give you a chance to build your presence in the coin dealing world.\\nThe requirements for renting a table at a weekend show will vary from show to show. Search for shows happening near you, and then contact the show organizers to find out the details of renting a table.\\nRenting a table will cost some money, but it's cheaper than setting up a whole store.\\nDon't forget display cases for your coins!\\n2-4. Become an authorized dealer.\\nDifferent states and countries have different authorizing organizations. Becoming an authorized dealer lends you even more legitimacy because it tells your customers you’ve been in business for a certain amount of time and met certain requirements.\\nFor example, to become an authorized Professional Coin Grading Service dealer, you’ll need to demonstrate you’ve been a full-time dealer for three years, have capital worth at least $100,00, and show three credit references and three references from other PCGS authorized dealers.\\n3. Opening a Coin Store\\n3-1. Create a business plan.\\nYou should know what your hours will be, whether you’ll run the store on your own or need a staff, what your budget looks like, and what your customer base is.\\nIf you don’t have a lot of business experience, you can hire a consultant or accountant to help you work out a business plan.\\n3-2. Rent or buy space for your business.\\nStart with a small space. If your business really grows, you’ll have the capital to move into a bigger place. Starting small ensures you can afford your expenses and stay within your budget.\\n3-3. File the appropriate paperwork.\\nWhere you live will affect what sort of paperwork you need to file. Contact your city’s business bureau to find out where you need to start.\\nPaperwork you may need to file includes business zoning permits, a personal-business tax form, and a certificate of resale.\\nThere are costs for filing this paperwork, so make sure you know how much you might expect to pay in your city and list it as an early business expense in your budget.\\n3-4. Get your Employer Identification Number.\\nIf you are opening your business in the United States, you’ll need an EIN – which acts as a sort of Social Security Number for your business. The IRS website has the application available, and it only takes a few minutes to fill out.\\n3-5. Register your business’s name.\\nYou’ll have to do this at the offices of your locality. The exact department where you need to register this information will vary depending on where you live. You can check your locality’s website, or call the main number for the administrative offices to see where you need to go.\\n4. Adding Legitimacy to Your Company\\n4-1. Market your business.\\nBuilding a website and creating advertising materials are a great way to get some attention for your business. Print up flyers and business cards to pass out at your store or shows you attend. All of your advertising should include your business’s contact information (the address of your store, your phone number, and your business hours).\\nYou can build a website on a free host website like WordPress, or pay a little more for your own domain through other website hosts.\\n4-2. Cultivate a social media presence.\\nSocial media accounts for your business allow you to advertise new inventory, specials, or general information. Facebook and Twitter both allow \\\"business\\\" accounts, so they're a great way to start.\\nIf you have personal social media accounts, be sure to advertise your business accounts!\\n4-3. Join a professional organization in your area.\\nEach state and country has their own professional organization for coin dealers. Joining one gives your business more legitimacy and tells your customers that you’re the real deal.\\nFor example, if you’re a coin dealer in the United States, you might consider joining the American Numismatic Association.\\nCoin dealers in the United Kingdom can look into professional organizations sanctioned by the Royal Mint.\\nTips\\nConsider advertising your business in a trade journal.\\nDon’t expect immediate profit. Coins appreciate in value over time, but you may not turn a profit during the course of your business for several years.\\nWarnings\\nMake sure to adequate insure your inventory so that you don’t lose money in the event of loss or theft.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many people who become coin dealers do not have specialized training. Instead, they are enthusiastic collectors with a great deal of knowledge about coins. If you want to become a dealer without a collecting background, you can start small with internet auctions or coin shows. Once you’re more comfortable, you can open a coin store. Making sure you have the correct skills is important to being a successful dealer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Numismatic Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Collect coins.\", \"描述\": \"Most coin dealers start as collectors because it’s a great way to learn about different types of coins, how to recognize valuable coins, and learn the ins and outs of the coin industry.\\nYou can collect coins from a lot of different sources. Coin dealers will have coins of varying prices that can help you build your collection. You can also get coins from internet dealers, which are great if you’re looking for a specific coin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn to grade coins.\", \"描述\": \"Grading coins is the process by which you determine certain qualities of the coin that affect the coin’s worth. Where you’re planning on being a dealer will affect the grading system you use, but you should be familiar with your country’s grading system.\\nFor example, the American Numismatic Association has Grading Standards that include 16 grades. Each grade corresponds to the coin’s circulation status, quality, and wear and tear.\\nOne of the best ways to learn how to grade coins is by working for an established dealer, even if you can only work there part-time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to negotiate.\", \"描述\": \"When you become a coin dealer, you’ll need to negotiate the prices of your coins with customers. You’ll have to learn to be fair but confident to make sure you get the price you want for your coin while retaining your customers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hone your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a coin dealer, you’ll need to communicate with other dealers to replenish your inventory, with customers about their particular needs, and with the public to advertise your business.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting a Coin Dealing Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build your inventory.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of ways to build your inventory. You can attend coin shows, work with established coin dealers, or check out coin shops. Let the people you're working with know that you're building an inventory and see if they have any suggestions for you.\\nYou’ll want to make sure that the dealer you purchase your coins from is reputable. Ask for proof of membership in a professional coin dealing organization, or look for reviews of their business.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin with internet auctions.\", \"描述\": \"Internet auctions are a great way to start coin dealing because they don’t require a huge inventory. Choose a few coins from your inventory that you want to sell and set up an internet auction on a website like eBay.\\nInternet auctions can also help you build a reputation for having good inventory without the financial investment that an actual shop will take.\\nYou'll need to set up a seller's account on whatever website you use, and you might also want to set up a PayPal account to make getting paid for the coins easier. Don't leave your coins up for too long - get a good price but don't leave your inventory out there for too long.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work tables at weekend coin shows.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve had a few successful internet auctions and you’re more comfortable with selling coins, rent table space at weekend coin shows. These also don’t require a lot of inventory or overhead capital but give you a chance to build your presence in the coin dealing world.\\nThe requirements for renting a table at a weekend show will vary from show to show. Search for shows happening near you, and then contact the show organizers to find out the details of renting a table.\\nRenting a table will cost some money, but it's cheaper than setting up a whole store.\\nDon't forget display cases for your coins!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become an authorized dealer.\", \"描述\": \"Different states and countries have different authorizing organizations. Becoming an authorized dealer lends you even more legitimacy because it tells your customers you’ve been in business for a certain amount of time and met certain requirements.\\nFor example, to become an authorized Professional Coin Grading Service dealer, you’ll need to demonstrate you’ve been a full-time dealer for three years, have capital worth at least $100,00, and show three credit references and three references from other PCGS authorized dealers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opening a Coin Store\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a business plan.\", \"描述\": \"You should know what your hours will be, whether you’ll run the store on your own or need a staff, what your budget looks like, and what your customer base is.\\nIf you don’t have a lot of business experience, you can hire a consultant or accountant to help you work out a business plan.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rent or buy space for your business.\", \"描述\": \"Start with a small space. If your business really grows, you’ll have the capital to move into a bigger place. Starting small ensures you can afford your expenses and stay within your budget.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"File the appropriate paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"Where you live will affect what sort of paperwork you need to file. Contact your city’s business bureau to find out where you need to start.\\nPaperwork you may need to file includes business zoning permits, a personal-business tax form, and a certificate of resale.\\nThere are costs for filing this paperwork, so make sure you know how much you might expect to pay in your city and list it as an early business expense in your budget.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your Employer Identification Number.\", \"描述\": \"If you are opening your business in the United States, you’ll need an EIN – which acts as a sort of Social Security Number for your business. The IRS website has the application available, and it only takes a few minutes to fill out.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Register your business’s name.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll have to do this at the offices of your locality. The exact department where you need to register this information will vary depending on where you live. You can check your locality’s website, or call the main number for the administrative offices to see where you need to go.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adding Legitimacy to Your Company\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Market your business.\", \"描述\": \"Building a website and creating advertising materials are a great way to get some attention for your business. Print up flyers and business cards to pass out at your store or shows you attend. All of your advertising should include your business’s contact information (the address of your store, your phone number, and your business hours).\\nYou can build a website on a free host website like WordPress, or pay a little more for your own domain through other website hosts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cultivate a social media presence.\", \"描述\": \"Social media accounts for your business allow you to advertise new inventory, specials, or general information. Facebook and Twitter both allow \\\"business\\\" accounts, so they're a great way to start.\\nIf you have personal social media accounts, be sure to advertise your business accounts!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a professional organization in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Each state and country has their own professional organization for coin dealers. Joining one gives your business more legitimacy and tells your customers that you’re the real deal.\\nFor example, if you’re a coin dealer in the United States, you might consider joining the American Numismatic Association.\\nCoin dealers in the United Kingdom can look into professional organizations sanctioned by the Royal Mint.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider advertising your business in a trade journal.\\n\", \"Don’t expect immediate profit. Coins appreciate in value over time, but you may not turn a profit during the course of your business for several years.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure to adequate insure your inventory so that you don’t lose money in the event of loss or theft.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,284 |
How to Become a College Football Player
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1. Becoming Eligible for College Athletics
1-1. Speak with your high school counselor about your goals.
Plan your high school curriculum as early as you can, speaking through your goals with your high school counselor. Your counselor will know the NCAA core requirements and help ensure that you take all the necessary classes while still in high school.
Talk honestly with your high school counselor about what you want to achieve as a college athlete, and the counselor will help you meet your goals.
Speak with your counselor as soon as you can, as it is important to get your high school curriculum on track right away.
1-2. Take the necessary high school core classes.
Both Division I and Division II schools have strict core academic requirements that must be met during your high school career. There are 16 core classes that must be completed during your high school years, ranging from math to english courses.
If you can, begin taking these core courses early in your high school career so that you can complete them in four years.
1-3. Complete the ACT or SAT.
As a junior in high school, you should complete both the ACT and SAT standardized tests and submit your scores to the NCAA in preparation for your enrollment. Although each NCAA division has different standardized test requirements, taking the tests early in your high school career will allow you to retake them later on if you need to.
Your SAT combined score or ACT sum score should match your overall high school GPA, and the mandatory overall GPA will depend on which NCAA Division you aim to qualify for.
1-4. Prepare yourself for Division I academic eligibility.
Division I schools and athletic programs are the most competitive and have specific academic requirements that must be met before being considered. High school athletes hoping to play football for a Division I school must complete the 16 NCAA approved core classes throughout their four years. You must also maintain a 2.30 overall high school GPA and an SAT or ACT score that matches this overall GPA.
NCAA Division I eligibility requires a student to complete four approved english, math, science, and social science courses, one each year of high school.
1-5. Decide that you want to become eligible for a Division II team.
Division II eligibility requires that you complete 16 approved core courses, but the specifics of these courses are more open than that of Division I requirements. You must maintain an overall GPA of 2.20 throughout your high school career and receive an equivalent score on your SAT or ACT standardized tests.
1-6. Become eligible for Division III college athletics.
All Division III schools set their own academic eligibility requirements and the guidelines for each school may differ. The best way to find out what a Division III school requires for academic certification is to contact the school directly or visit eligibilitycenter.com for specifications.
1-7. Register with the NCAA Eligibility Center.
In order to become eligible for NCAA applications, no matter which division you are aiming for, you must register with the NCAA Eligibility Center at eligibilitycenter.org. Register with the NCAA early on, as this will allow you to make changes to your high school curriculum if you need to.
As a part of your registration, ask your counselor to send your transcripts to the NCAA Eligibility Center after six semesters of high school.
2. Contacting the Colleges of Your Choice
2-1. Make a list of the schools you want to apply to.
Research schools with a balance between their football and academic programs, making sure that there is balanced focus between the two. Consider where the school is located and whether or not you would enjoy living in the area, or whether you would be willing to travel away from your hometown.
Finding a program that is a good fit for you, both academically and athletically, will be an important part of your future as both a student and an athlete.
2-2. Attend any camps held by your top schools.
Many college programs hold showcasing camps during the summer, through which they become familiar with high school talent. These camps are a great way for you to show your abilities, while also improving your skills as an athlete. Attend as many of these camps as possible during your high school career.
You can find what camps and programs a school offers on the school’s athletic website, or by visiting the NCAA website.
2-3. Enlist the help and guidance of your high school coaches.
In order to truly excel in the recruitment and registration process with the NCAA, ask your high school coaches for help and feedback. Your coaches will be able to give you honest guidance, telling you which college division they think you will thrive in, while creating connections between you and college coaches.
Start speaking with your coaches about your goals as early in your high school career as possible, and ask them what you can be doing to better your chances in the long run.
The best high school football coaches have contacts at several NCAA schools and should be able to help you build relationships with the school of your choice.
2-4. Visit your the campuses of your top schools and speak with the football coaches.
Before you visit a college campus, contact the school and the school’s football program to schedule tours and meetings with the coaching staff. Meeting the coaching staff personally will let you know if you think you are a good fit for the program, while also showing the coaching staff that you are serious about playing for them.
Examine the school’s facilities and ask yourself if both the academic and athletic facilities meet your needs.
2-5. Apply to your top schools.
Once you have narrowed down five to ten schools that you would like to play college football for, begin your application process. Apply to your top colleges by January of your senior year of college to meet college application deadlines.
Be sure to have your transcripts, test scores, and overall GPA on hand before applying.
Some schools may require written essays as part of your application process, so put aside plenty of time to complete these essays.
3. Marketing Yourself as a College Athlete
3-1. Achieve as much as you can as an athlete in high school.
The best way to stand out amongst your competitors and position yourself as a competitive athlete is to perform your best during your high school career. Train hard and stay dedicated to the sport while balancing your athletic achievements with academic success.
Building a strong, concrete resume as a high school athlete, through outstanding personal statistics and establishing yourself as a team player will set you apart from your competition.
3-2. Showcase your athletic ability through a video or resume.
Throughout your high school career, enlist someone to videotape your best performances so that you can create a showreel of your high school athletic achievements. Create a brief highlight video that can be shared with college recruiters, and post the video on YouTube. Make a brief athletic high school resume detailing your achievements and statistics while playing high school football.
Creating these things early in your high school career will allow you to start the application and recruitment process before your competitors.
As you get closer to graduation, send your video and resume directly to the programs of your choice.
3-3. Use an athletic recruiting service to put you ahead.
Although enlisting help from a recruitment service is not necessary, some programs can help get your name through to programs that would otherwise not notice you. Consider paying organizations like Athletic Scholarships Sports Recruiting to help get you noticed, but be sure to research the organization before giving them money, and ask them exactly how they plan to help.
Before committing to a service, ask the program how much they cost, how many schools they guarantee exposing you to, and what kind of services they plan to provide.
3-4. Contact the school’s athletic program directly.
Once you have applied to the top schools of your choosing, reaching out to each football program individually will help you stand out amongst other applicants. Send the recruitment coach an email, or call the program’s offices directly.
If you are emailing the recruitment coach, do not forget to add your highlight video and athletic resume to the email as an attachment.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming Eligible for College Athletics\\n1-1. Speak with your high school counselor about your goals.\\nPlan your high school curriculum as early as you can, speaking through your goals with your high school counselor. Your counselor will know the NCAA core requirements and help ensure that you take all the necessary classes while still in high school.\\nTalk honestly with your high school counselor about what you want to achieve as a college athlete, and the counselor will help you meet your goals.\\nSpeak with your counselor as soon as you can, as it is important to get your high school curriculum on track right away.\\n1-2. Take the necessary high school core classes.\\nBoth Division I and Division II schools have strict core academic requirements that must be met during your high school career. There are 16 core classes that must be completed during your high school years, ranging from math to english courses.\\nIf you can, begin taking these core courses early in your high school career so that you can complete them in four years.\\n1-3. Complete the ACT or SAT.\\nAs a junior in high school, you should complete both the ACT and SAT standardized tests and submit your scores to the NCAA in preparation for your enrollment. Although each NCAA division has different standardized test requirements, taking the tests early in your high school career will allow you to retake them later on if you need to.\\nYour SAT combined score or ACT sum score should match your overall high school GPA, and the mandatory overall GPA will depend on which NCAA Division you aim to qualify for.\\n1-4. Prepare yourself for Division I academic eligibility.\\nDivision I schools and athletic programs are the most competitive and have specific academic requirements that must be met before being considered. High school athletes hoping to play football for a Division I school must complete the 16 NCAA approved core classes throughout their four years. You must also maintain a 2.30 overall high school GPA and an SAT or ACT score that matches this overall GPA.\\nNCAA Division I eligibility requires a student to complete four approved english, math, science, and social science courses, one each year of high school.\\n1-5. Decide that you want to become eligible for a Division II team.\\nDivision II eligibility requires that you complete 16 approved core courses, but the specifics of these courses are more open than that of Division I requirements. You must maintain an overall GPA of 2.20 throughout your high school career and receive an equivalent score on your SAT or ACT standardized tests.\\n1-6. Become eligible for Division III college athletics.\\nAll Division III schools set their own academic eligibility requirements and the guidelines for each school may differ. The best way to find out what a Division III school requires for academic certification is to contact the school directly or visit eligibilitycenter.com for specifications.\\n1-7. Register with the NCAA Eligibility Center.\\nIn order to become eligible for NCAA applications, no matter which division you are aiming for, you must register with the NCAA Eligibility Center at eligibilitycenter.org. Register with the NCAA early on, as this will allow you to make changes to your high school curriculum if you need to.\\nAs a part of your registration, ask your counselor to send your transcripts to the NCAA Eligibility Center after six semesters of high school.\\n2. Contacting the Colleges of Your Choice\\n2-1. Make a list of the schools you want to apply to.\\nResearch schools with a balance between their football and academic programs, making sure that there is balanced focus between the two. Consider where the school is located and whether or not you would enjoy living in the area, or whether you would be willing to travel away from your hometown.\\nFinding a program that is a good fit for you, both academically and athletically, will be an important part of your future as both a student and an athlete.\\n2-2. Attend any camps held by your top schools.\\nMany college programs hold showcasing camps during the summer, through which they become familiar with high school talent. These camps are a great way for you to show your abilities, while also improving your skills as an athlete. Attend as many of these camps as possible during your high school career.\\nYou can find what camps and programs a school offers on the school’s athletic website, or by visiting the NCAA website.\\n2-3. Enlist the help and guidance of your high school coaches.\\nIn order to truly excel in the recruitment and registration process with the NCAA, ask your high school coaches for help and feedback. Your coaches will be able to give you honest guidance, telling you which college division they think you will thrive in, while creating connections between you and college coaches.\\nStart speaking with your coaches about your goals as early in your high school career as possible, and ask them what you can be doing to better your chances in the long run.\\nThe best high school football coaches have contacts at several NCAA schools and should be able to help you build relationships with the school of your choice.\\n2-4. Visit your the campuses of your top schools and speak with the football coaches.\\nBefore you visit a college campus, contact the school and the school’s football program to schedule tours and meetings with the coaching staff. Meeting the coaching staff personally will let you know if you think you are a good fit for the program, while also showing the coaching staff that you are serious about playing for them.\\nExamine the school’s facilities and ask yourself if both the academic and athletic facilities meet your needs.\\n2-5. Apply to your top schools.\\nOnce you have narrowed down five to ten schools that you would like to play college football for, begin your application process. Apply to your top colleges by January of your senior year of college to meet college application deadlines.\\nBe sure to have your transcripts, test scores, and overall GPA on hand before applying.\\nSome schools may require written essays as part of your application process, so put aside plenty of time to complete these essays.\\n3. Marketing Yourself as a College Athlete\\n3-1. Achieve as much as you can as an athlete in high school.\\nThe best way to stand out amongst your competitors and position yourself as a competitive athlete is to perform your best during your high school career. Train hard and stay dedicated to the sport while balancing your athletic achievements with academic success.\\nBuilding a strong, concrete resume as a high school athlete, through outstanding personal statistics and establishing yourself as a team player will set you apart from your competition.\\n3-2. Showcase your athletic ability through a video or resume.\\nThroughout your high school career, enlist someone to videotape your best performances so that you can create a showreel of your high school athletic achievements. Create a brief highlight video that can be shared with college recruiters, and post the video on YouTube. Make a brief athletic high school resume detailing your achievements and statistics while playing high school football.\\nCreating these things early in your high school career will allow you to start the application and recruitment process before your competitors.\\nAs you get closer to graduation, send your video and resume directly to the programs of your choice.\\n3-3. Use an athletic recruiting service to put you ahead.\\nAlthough enlisting help from a recruitment service is not necessary, some programs can help get your name through to programs that would otherwise not notice you. Consider paying organizations like Athletic Scholarships Sports Recruiting to help get you noticed, but be sure to research the organization before giving them money, and ask them exactly how they plan to help.\\nBefore committing to a service, ask the program how much they cost, how many schools they guarantee exposing you to, and what kind of services they plan to provide.\\n3-4. Contact the school’s athletic program directly.\\nOnce you have applied to the top schools of your choosing, reaching out to each football program individually will help you stand out amongst other applicants. Send the recruitment coach an email, or call the program’s offices directly.\\nIf you are emailing the recruitment coach, do not forget to add your highlight video and athletic resume to the email as an attachment.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Competing in college football is an exciting, life changing endeavor, and is a process that starts with your first year of high school and extends well past your senior year. In order to become a college football player, you need to meet specific academic guidelines while attending high school, decide which schools are the best fit for you, and then market yourself as a top candidate. Competing in football at the college level is competitive, but preparing early in your high school career will allow you to be ahead of the game and set you up for success off the field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming Eligible for College Athletics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speak with your high school counselor about your goals.\", \"描述\": \"Plan your high school curriculum as early as you can, speaking through your goals with your high school counselor. Your counselor will know the NCAA core requirements and help ensure that you take all the necessary classes while still in high school.\\nTalk honestly with your high school counselor about what you want to achieve as a college athlete, and the counselor will help you meet your goals.\\nSpeak with your counselor as soon as you can, as it is important to get your high school curriculum on track right away.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the necessary high school core classes.\", \"描述\": \"Both Division I and Division II schools have strict core academic requirements that must be met during your high school career. There are 16 core classes that must be completed during your high school years, ranging from math to english courses.\\nIf you can, begin taking these core courses early in your high school career so that you can complete them in four years.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the ACT or SAT.\", \"描述\": \"As a junior in high school, you should complete both the ACT and SAT standardized tests and submit your scores to the NCAA in preparation for your enrollment. Although each NCAA division has different standardized test requirements, taking the tests early in your high school career will allow you to retake them later on if you need to.\\nYour SAT combined score or ACT sum score should match your overall high school GPA, and the mandatory overall GPA will depend on which NCAA Division you aim to qualify for.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare yourself for Division I academic eligibility.\", \"描述\": \"Division I schools and athletic programs are the most competitive and have specific academic requirements that must be met before being considered. High school athletes hoping to play football for a Division I school must complete the 16 NCAA approved core classes throughout their four years. You must also maintain a 2.30 overall high school GPA and an SAT or ACT score that matches this overall GPA.\\nNCAA Division I eligibility requires a student to complete four approved english, math, science, and social science courses, one each year of high school.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Decide that you want to become eligible for a Division II team.\", \"描述\": \"Division II eligibility requires that you complete 16 approved core courses, but the specifics of these courses are more open than that of Division I requirements. You must maintain an overall GPA of 2.20 throughout your high school career and receive an equivalent score on your SAT or ACT standardized tests.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Become eligible for Division III college athletics.\", \"描述\": \"All Division III schools set their own academic eligibility requirements and the guidelines for each school may differ. The best way to find out what a Division III school requires for academic certification is to contact the school directly or visit eligibilitycenter.com for specifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Register with the NCAA Eligibility Center.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become eligible for NCAA applications, no matter which division you are aiming for, you must register with the NCAA Eligibility Center at eligibilitycenter.org. Register with the NCAA early on, as this will allow you to make changes to your high school curriculum if you need to.\\nAs a part of your registration, ask your counselor to send your transcripts to the NCAA Eligibility Center after six semesters of high school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contacting the Colleges of Your Choice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a list of the schools you want to apply to.\", \"描述\": \"Research schools with a balance between their football and academic programs, making sure that there is balanced focus between the two. Consider where the school is located and whether or not you would enjoy living in the area, or whether you would be willing to travel away from your hometown.\\nFinding a program that is a good fit for you, both academically and athletically, will be an important part of your future as both a student and an athlete.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend any camps held by your top schools.\", \"描述\": \"Many college programs hold showcasing camps during the summer, through which they become familiar with high school talent. These camps are a great way for you to show your abilities, while also improving your skills as an athlete. Attend as many of these camps as possible during your high school career.\\nYou can find what camps and programs a school offers on the school’s athletic website, or by visiting the NCAA website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enlist the help and guidance of your high school coaches.\", \"描述\": \"In order to truly excel in the recruitment and registration process with the NCAA, ask your high school coaches for help and feedback. Your coaches will be able to give you honest guidance, telling you which college division they think you will thrive in, while creating connections between you and college coaches.\\nStart speaking with your coaches about your goals as early in your high school career as possible, and ask them what you can be doing to better your chances in the long run.\\nThe best high school football coaches have contacts at several NCAA schools and should be able to help you build relationships with the school of your choice.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Visit your the campuses of your top schools and speak with the football coaches.\", \"描述\": \"Before you visit a college campus, contact the school and the school’s football program to schedule tours and meetings with the coaching staff. Meeting the coaching staff personally will let you know if you think you are a good fit for the program, while also showing the coaching staff that you are serious about playing for them.\\nExamine the school’s facilities and ask yourself if both the academic and athletic facilities meet your needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to your top schools.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have narrowed down five to ten schools that you would like to play college football for, begin your application process. Apply to your top colleges by January of your senior year of college to meet college application deadlines.\\nBe sure to have your transcripts, test scores, and overall GPA on hand before applying.\\nSome schools may require written essays as part of your application process, so put aside plenty of time to complete these essays.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Marketing Yourself as a College Athlete\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Achieve as much as you can as an athlete in high school.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to stand out amongst your competitors and position yourself as a competitive athlete is to perform your best during your high school career. Train hard and stay dedicated to the sport while balancing your athletic achievements with academic success.\\nBuilding a strong, concrete resume as a high school athlete, through outstanding personal statistics and establishing yourself as a team player will set you apart from your competition.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Showcase your athletic ability through a video or resume.\", \"描述\": \"Throughout your high school career, enlist someone to videotape your best performances so that you can create a showreel of your high school athletic achievements. Create a brief highlight video that can be shared with college recruiters, and post the video on YouTube. Make a brief athletic high school resume detailing your achievements and statistics while playing high school football.\\nCreating these things early in your high school career will allow you to start the application and recruitment process before your competitors.\\nAs you get closer to graduation, send your video and resume directly to the programs of your choice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use an athletic recruiting service to put you ahead.\", \"描述\": \"Although enlisting help from a recruitment service is not necessary, some programs can help get your name through to programs that would otherwise not notice you. Consider paying organizations like Athletic Scholarships Sports Recruiting to help get you noticed, but be sure to research the organization before giving them money, and ask them exactly how they plan to help.\\nBefore committing to a service, ask the program how much they cost, how many schools they guarantee exposing you to, and what kind of services they plan to provide.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Contact the school’s athletic program directly.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have applied to the top schools of your choosing, reaching out to each football program individually will help you stand out amongst other applicants. Send the recruitment coach an email, or call the program’s offices directly.\\nIf you are emailing the recruitment coach, do not forget to add your highlight video and athletic resume to the email as an attachment.\"}]}]}}",
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wikihow
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How to Become a College Professor
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1. Completing Your Undergraduate Degree
1-1. Succeed in high school.
If you know in high school that you would like to become a college professor, then get the highest grades possible so you can gain admission into an excellent undergraduate institution. Reputable graduate programs often accept applicants from similarly reputable colleges and universities.
Set a clear study schedule for yourself and plan out your assignments weeks in advance. If you plan ahead now, you will establish the necessary time management skills you will need in college.
Divide your time into manageable chunks. Don't plan for large chunks of time (like 4 or 5 hours) because it might be harder to maintain that level of attention and commitment. Instead, create manageable 1-2 hours blocks of time to study and complete projects.
Study for your standardized tests. Your SAT and ACT scores are a key part of your application package. You can find study tips and practice tests at the College Board's web site. You should study for a few months before the test -- don't cram for it the night before.
You can also check out test prep books at you local library, take prep courses offered by companies like Pearson and Kaplan or look into studying with a private tutor.
1-2. Research undergraduate programs with successful graduates.
Many college departments will list how many students gain acceptance to graduate school on their web site. You can also ask an admissions officer how many students go onto Ph.D. programs from their university's department.
Consider the size and scope of your university. Small liberal arts colleges are great for getting a personalized attention, but they tend not to have the resources for archival research provided by larger universities.
Similarly, with a larger university, you will need to work extra hard to become known to your professors since many of them will teach very large survey courses or they will only teach upper level courses and graduate courses. Attend department events and stop by your professor's office hours to express your interest in the material and discuss specific projects. This will help your professors get to know you when they have hundreds of other students.
When you invest plenty of time researching a university you're interested in, you'll be able to impress the admission officers and faculty with how knowledgeable are about the college and what its mission is.
If you are planning to attend a large university, you should also look into joining an honors college within the university as this will give you a smaller cohort and more individual attention.
1-3. Perform well in college.
Your performance in your undergraduate program will be the major factor that your graduate committee will consider when they admit you. Make sure you manage your course load so you can balance your responsibilities. Anything more than four reading intensive courses each semester will be difficult to manage.
Don't overload courses. You will need to strengthen your reading skills in college as most graduate programs require you to analyze an intensive amount of reading material. But don't feel pressure to cram extra courses into each semester. Talk to your advisor about the recommended amount of courses to take for your graduate school aspirations.
Maintain a high GPA. You should have a generally high GPA, but in the courses of your major, most graduate programs will expect you to earn grades of an A+, A or A-. If you have consistently earned C's, Ds or failed courses in your major, then graduate school might not be for you..
Work or volunteer as a tutor. This could be in a position in your school's writing center or you could tutor students at a local high school. In most graduate programs, you will be expected to do some form of teaching and tutoring while you are an undergrad will indicate your interest in this role.
Work or volunteer in a professor's laboratory. Many professors need and welcome undergraduates into their labs to do some of the basic tasks of research. The professor will likely write you a letter of recommendation and give you valuable advice for applying to graduate schools.
1-4. Take an internship.
An internship will give you valuable professional experience and will allow you to learn outside the space of a classroom. It will also help you to build a professional network outside of academia.
Talk to your university's career center for tips on finding a rewarding internship.
1-5. Build up other skills.
While being a strong reader and writer are essential skills for most graduate programs, you should consider developing other skills that can translate inside and outside of academia.
Consider taking a web development class and an introductory data analysis or statistics course. These courses will give you vital technological and quantitative skills that will translate into a variety of professions, not just graduate school.
1-6. Take a graduate level course.
In your senior year, consider enrolling in a graduate level course if your school offers a Master's or Ph.D. program. This will give you a sense of the level of work required by a more advanced degree.
If your advisor is offering a graduate level course, ask them if you think you should enroll in it. This will let them know that you are interested in graduate study.
1-7. Think about why you want to go to graduate school.
In order to become a college professor, most departments require you to have a Ph.D. Before you begin the application process (which is very time consuming), you should think deeply about why you want to attend, especially when the promise of job security after you graduate with a Ph.D. is very unlikely.
Are you afraid to go on the job market after graduating with your B.A.? Do you not know of anything else to do? These are not good reasons to go to graduate school.
Even if you have a genuine passion for your discipline and want to study if further, consider if you would be willing to do this after ten years of very hard work with little pay and no job security.
2. Applying to Graduate School
2-1. Research different programs.
Particularly, research how many of their graduates have been placed in tenure-track jobs in the past ten years. If the department doesn't supply this information on their web site, this is a red flag.
You should aim to apply for 10-15 programs. Aim high when you apply; only 50% of all Ivy League Ph.Ds go on to earn tenure-track jobs and the percentage decreases at lower tier programs. Going to a very prestigious school will help your chances of getting a tenure-track job.
2-2. Find potential advisors.
In graduate school, you will work much more closely with your advisor than in undergrad. You should look for faculty members who have the title of Associate Professor or just Professor. This means they have tenure and they have a stable future at the university.
If a faculty member has a title of Assistant Professor or Visiting Assistant Professor, then this means they are only tenure-track or on a limited term appointment. Do not pick them as an advisor as their future at the university is uncertain.
As most Ph.D. programs last between 5-7 years, you will need someone who will be at the university for a long time to support you and approve your dissertation.
Take the time to read that professor's research. Don't just peruse their interests as they are listed on the faculty web site -- read articles and books by them to see what kinds of contributions they have made to their field.
2-3. Consider the funding options.
Don't go into significant debt for a Ph.D. Unlike a J.D. or an M.D. degree, the Ph.D. generally does not offer very lucrative careers that can pay down large amounts of debt (the average salary of a tenure-track Assistant Professor is $53,000; the average salary of adjunct professors is $25,000-$27,000, although it can be much lower). Your Ph.D. program should at least cover tuition and should also provide some sort of living stipend.,
If you already have significant debt from your undergraduate degree, you should consider if it is worth it to take on additional debt for another degree or if it might be worth to spend a few years paying down your debt.
Many programs offer funding through Teaching Assistantships or Instructor positions. Beware of programs that want you to begin teaching in your first year of coursework or programs that want you to teach more than one course a semester. A heavy teaching load will make it difficult for you to finish your research.
Look for grants on the U.S. Department of Education's web site or for grants offered for graduate students by your professional organization (such as American Psychological Association).
2-4. Make an application timeline.
After you have decided which 10-15 programs you want to apply to, make a timeline including all the relevant information for each application. When is the due date for each application? Do they all require the same materials or do some require different components (such as a portfolio)?
You should start the application process a few months before each due date. Talk to your advisors and let them know you are thinking of applying to graduate school. Ask them if they will be able to write letters of recommendation for you. You should make a formal request for a letter of recommendation at least a month before the application is due.
At the beginning of the fall semester of your senior year (or in August if you have graduated), contact your university's career for any guidance on applying to graduate school. They will have lots of guidance and can help you network with alumnae who have gone on to graduate school.
2-5. Study for the GRE (or Graduate Records Examination).
Most Ph.D. programs require the GRE; they often also require a GRE subject test in your area. As with the SAT, you should give yourself time to study and practice taking this test. Do not cram in the night or week before the test.
Look for prep test courses and study guides offered by your university's career center. You can also study with guide books, takes practice tests offered through Educational Testing Service, or look into using a tutor to help you prepare.
In most major cities, the GRE is offered year round when taken on the computer. The fee for taking the test is $195 and can be paid on-line with most major credit or debit cards at Educational Testing Service's web site.
2-6. Prepare your personal statement.
Your cover letter should clearly state your professional interests in the program and which field of study you would like to pursue. Most graduate programs require some form of specialization (i.e. if you study history, you will have to choose a geographical and historical specialization, like early American history before the Civil War).
Clearly state which faculty members you want to work with in your cover letter. Explain how their research interests align with yours. Discuss which experiences in your background make you prepared to study this field.
Avoid making any cliche statements, such as sentences that start with the phrase "I always knew I wanted to teach this subject" or "Ever since I was a child, I loved reading." Instead, focus on what research questions you are interested in exploring in the program.
Obsessively proofread your cover letter. If you include any typos or grammatical errors, this will indicate to the committee that you are either a weak writer or a lazy one. Don't let you entire application be thrown out over something that is easily fixable.
Learn more at our Guide to Writing a Personal Statement for Grad School
2-7. Submit a stellar writing sample.
Your writing sample should be flawless and meet the page requirements as stipulated in the application. Do not include a shorter or longer sample; this is a quick way to get your application dismissed.
Make sure the writing sample is a reflection of your research interests. If you want to study ancient Egyptian art but your writing sample is on the Impressionist movement in the late 19th century, then this will not give the committee a clear idea of your research strengths.
Work with your college's writing center to get feedback on your writing sample. Does it make sense to someone who doesn't know very much about the subject of your research? Is it clearly written?
As with your personal statement, make sure your writing sample is grammatically pristine and contains no typos.
2-8. Be patient.
After you have submitted your application, be patient when waiting to hear back. Most graduate school applications are due in late fall/early winter but you may not hear back until the middle of the spring semester.
Do not keep bombarding the department administrative assistant for updates on the status of your application. This is a quick way to get rejected. The school will let you know if your application has been accepted or rejected.
2-9. Visit the campus.
Some programs require their applicants to interview before they admit them. You should participate in this interview if only to get a more in-depth sense of the program and how it supports its graduate students.
Many other programs will offer visiting weekends for students who have been accepted. Once you have narrowed your choices down to 3-4 options, try to visit at the schools you are most interested in.
Meet with the faculty members you want to study with on your visit. Are they interested in working with you? Do they have no clue who you are? Do they seem to be the most popular advisor in the department, perhaps working with too many graduate students? If you answer yes to the latter two questions, that might be a sign this department wouldn't be the best fit for you.
Ask questions from current students in your program who work with the faculty members you want to work with. Does the faculty member support his or her advisees? Will she provide feedback on your research in a timely manner? Does she encourage students to attend conferences or meet colleagues she knows at other institutions? Does she help students to get published in reputable journals?
Consider other factors about the institution. Is the university in a very small college town or is it in a bustling, expensive city? Is this a place that you would be happy to live in for 5-7 years? How will you be able to afford to live in this place on a graduate student stipend?
If you can, try to stay with a current graduate student when you visit. That way, you will get a sense of what kind of housing grad students can afford. Can they live on their own in a nice neighborhood or do they have to have multiple roommates? Is it easy to find an apartment in the city or is the rental market really competitive?
3. Succeeding in Graduate School
3-1. Ace your coursework.
For the first couple years in your program, you will likely be required to take a range of courses. Try to focus on taking classes with the faculty members you want to advise your dissertation. Taking a class with a faculty member will give them a sense of your strengths and interests.
Read strategically. You will have an overwhelming amount of reading to complete in graduate school -- perhaps multiple books each week. As you read, take in-depth notes and highlight the most important sections or moments from each text.
You can also generally get a reading list from your professor or find the book list on the course schedule in the summer or winter break before the class starts. Completing some of this reading ahead of time will give you a lighter load for when you are mired in work during the semester.
In your first and second years, you should attend as many department events as you can -- talks from current faculty and visiting scholars, graduate student presentations, department parties, etc. This will show your investment in your professional setting.
3-2. Join the academic conversation.
In your first and second years, you should spend time familiarizing yourself with your academic field. Spend a couple hours each week reading the major academic journals in your field (if you don't know what these are, ask your advisor or a faculty member in that field). This will give you a sense of the broader conversations happening in your discipline.
Join your professional organization. You should join early in your career in graduate school and maintain your membership. Most organizations offer reduced membership fees for graduate students.
If you are studying English or a romance language, this will be the MLA (Modern Language Association), or the American Psychological Association if you are in a psychology department. In your third or fourth years of the program, you should plan to attend the major conference hosted by this institution.
3-3. Make publishing a priority.
Most tenure-track jobs (even at less research focused institutions) now require applicants to have published at least one article. Scientific disciplines often expect an even more extensive publication record since most papers contain multiple authors.
Join a writing group in your department (or start one if it does not already exist) that will give you deadlines for turning a paper you wrote for your course work or qualifying exams into a piece of criticism.
Remember that the process for publishing can take a long time. Some journals might take months before they let you know if they have accepted, rejected or requested that you revise and resubmit your article. After that, it could take even longer before it appears in print. If you want to have a publication by the fourth year in your program, then start to prepare it in your second year.
Ask your advisor for guidance on which journal you should send your article to. Some journals do not publish graduate students as a rule whereas others are more welcoming toward junior scholarship.
3-4. Gain teaching experience.
Teaching experience will prepare you for the daily responsibilities of a college professor. Many Ph.D. programs have teaching opportunities built into their programs, where you will often teach freshmen or sophomore level courses or leading a lab for a large section of an introductory course.
If these opportunities are not built into your program, then you may need to apply for teaching opportunities. Talk to your advisor about the best way to secure a teaching appointment.
Look into taking a Teaching Assistant position. In these positions, you generally assist a professor with things like grading, taking attendance, and helping students during group work in class. But make sure that you have the opportunity to contribute some of your knowledge to the course; just working as a grader might not give you enough professional experience to be a teacher.
Save lesson plans, syllabi, student evaluations and lecture notes for your teaching portfolio. These will be necessary documents for when you apply for a tenure track job.
3-5. Consider interdisciplinary certificate programs.
Many graduate schools will offer certificate programs for graduate students in other departments that supplement your core interests as a scholar. Popular options often include programs in Women and Gender Studies, American Studies, Writing and Rhetoric, Non-Profit Management, Digital Humanities, On-line Teaching and Learning, Instructional Design, etc.
Completing a certificate in one of these programs could make you a more competitive candidate for jobs inside and outside academia than applicants who just have a degree in one field.
3-6. Design a compelling dissertation.
The most complicated component of the Ph.D. program is writing and defending a dissertation, which is a book-length research project. Most departments will require that you submit a proposal at the beginning of the writing process for your topic. When you finish writing it, you will have to defend your work in front of a committee of faculty members who have read it.
Set up a clear, easy-to-follow writing schedule with frequent deadlines. Some programs will give you a year of funding to write you dissertation; you should have at least a couple chapters completed before you embark on this.
Break down your time into manageable chunks. Give yourself one or two hour blocks of time with achievable goals, like adding an extra three pages to your introduction or analyzing in an extra scholarly source.
Maintain clear communication with your advisor. As you are writing, don't fall off of your advisor's radar. They should approve each chapter as you go. Plan to check in with them every 2-3 weeks during the writing process so they get a sense of your progress.
3-7. Schedule your defense far in advance.
Once you have completed your dissertation, Most Ph.D. programs require you have somewhere between 4-6 faculty members to conduct a defense of your work. They will ask you critical questions about the strength of your arguments and also offer other perspectives on your work.
Coordinating the schedules of multiple academics can be tricky. In many departments, the administrative assistant will coordinate the schedules of your readers, establish a date and time, and book a room for you, but you should contact him early in the semester you plan to defend to do this.
To prepare for your defense, re-read important moments in your dissertation (introduction, conclusion and the thesis statements of each chapter) so you can quickly and eloquently respond with the key points of your argument.
Take a deep breath and remember that no one knows your work better than you. You have spent years with this material and you have every ability to defend it successfully.
4. Taking a Tenure Track Job
4-1. Go on the job market.
Most tenure track jobs are posted in the fall semester of the academic year before they are meant to begin. They will generally have the title of Assistant Professor.
Job postings for tenure track jobs are often listed on the web site of your major professional organization (like the Modern Language Association or Computer Research Association) or other places like HigherEdJobs, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and H-Net.
Most academic candidates go on the market in the last year of their program when they are still ABD (all but dissertation). You should plan to have defended your dissertation and earned your degree by the time the tenure track job begins in the fall of the next academic year.
You will generally need many of the same documents that you used to get into graduate school: a cover letter (personal statement), a C.V. listing your academic accomplishments such as publications or teaching awards, a writing sample, letters of recommendation from your advisors, etc. You also will be frequently required to present a teaching portfolio consisting of things like student evaluations, lesson plans, a statement of your teaching philosophy, etc.
4-2. Survive the job interview.
Interviews for tenure track jobs are notoriously rigorous. First, you may have to pass preliminary interviews conducted at the conference hosted by your major professional organization. You may also have a phone or Skype interview, which will be less expensive to attend than traveling to the professional conference.
You will generally be asked questions about your research, what contributions do you make to the field, how did you become interested in your topic, etc. You will also be asked questions about teaching -- such as how you structure a lesson plan or how you manage a large survey class. You should have tangible examples to provide when you get these questions.
After you pass the preliminary round of interviews, you will be asked to come on a campus interview. The campus interview generally lasts 2-3 days. You will travel to campus and may be required to do some of the following things: give an extended talk (25-50 minutes) on your research interests, lead a class to demonstrate your teaching interests, and conduct multiple smaller interviews with members of the job search committee or other faculty members.
Always express interest in the research of other faculty members while you are on your visit. You want to make it clear that you are a helpful, congenial potential colleague.
You also will be required to meet with the Chair of your department, the Dean of your college and possibly other administrative figures. These interviews generally take place in the spring semester before the fall semester when they plan to hire you.
4-3. Prepare for tenure review.
Once you have been hired, most institutions expect to assess faculty members for tenure within seven years of starting as an Assistant Professor. However, they will often require pre-tenure review within the first two years of appointment and then again in the fourth of fifth years.
Departments have different requirements for tenure review. Once tenure is awarded, the professor has a secure future at the university (barring any major financial crisis) and the professor can enjoy a lifelong career teaching students in the subject of their expertise.
For the humanities, you often have to publish at least one book with a reputable academic press and/or multiple articles in well-respected journals.
For the sciences, you have to receive funding from an institution like the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation to start a lab and procure the equipment need to conduct your experiments. Writing and winning grants for this has become increasingly difficult, especially with major financial cuts to these institutions.
4-4. Learn the culture of your department.
As you are preparing to apply for tenure, consider where you should focus your energies. Does the department value research or teaching more? If it values research, resist the urge to spend extra time mentoring students or planning events for students in the department. Put that time into conducting research.
Similarly, if the department mostly values commitment to students (as frequently is the case as liberal arts colleges and community colleges), then put more of your focus on advising and supporting students. Consider serving as the advisor to a student group in your department.
Always talk to your chair or dean about the expectations for tenure at your university. Most schools want to improve their national profile, which means that the will value research. From your first year forward, work as hard as you can to meet those expectations.
4-5. Maintain the appropriate records.
For your tenure review, you will often be required to produce an extensive file of documents cataloguing your successes in the department. These often include:
Student evaluations and evidence of your teaching record (lesson plans, syllabi, etc.)
Copies of all of your publications or any technical documents/creative projects
Letters from scholars at other institutions which assess the value of your research
A log of your service to your institution, any additional certifications you have earned
After you have compiled your dossier, the tenured members of your department will vote on whether or not to recommend you for tenure, Your file will also be sent out to other faculty members from other departments for review. The final decision will be made by the President, Provost or Chancellor at your university.
5. Taking a Non Tenure Track Job
5-1. Go on the job market.
With the increasing scarcity of tenure-track jobs, more Ph.D. holders are taking limited term or contingent faculty positions. Non-tenure track professors currently make up more than 70% of all teaching positions in the American university. Some of these titles include:
Post-doctoral research fellow
Visiting Assistant Professor
Lecturer (often with different levels such as Lecturer I or II or Senior Lecturer)
Adjunct
The first two categories of jobs can sometimes be found posted during the fall alongside tenure track jobs, but they are also regularly posted during the spring and throughout the academic year. Lecturer and Adjunct positions are often interviewed closer to the start of the upcoming school year in which they are needed.
5-2. Interview for a NTT job.
The interview process for these jobs can be very similar to a tenure track job; you may have to go on a campus visit and give a presentation, but the focus will probably be more on your teaching abilities than your research.
Beware of post-doc positions that have heavy teaching loads (such as a 4-4). A post-doc is meant to help you turn your dissertation into a book manuscript to publish. If the position requires you to have a heavy teaching load, you might not be able to accomplish this.
5-3. Understand the perils of adjuncting.
With the rising costs of tuition and the growth of administrative salaries, many schools have turned to adjuncting to cover the bulk of their teaching needs.
Adjuncts are Ph.D. holders who are often kept on a part-time basis so they do not receive benefits or health insurance from the university. They are not paid a salary but rather, on a per-course fee which averages $2700.00. Currently, adjuncts make up more than 50% of the current college faculty workforce and they earn on average $25,000-$27,000 a year.
Because institutions are hesitant to grant adjuncts course loads that would make them full-time employees, many adjuncts are forced to teach at multiple schools in any given semester. They might have long commutes to get to many different campuses.
Departments are also likely to cut courses at the last minute, leaving adjuncts to scramble to find other ways to supplement a meager salary. Working as an adjunct provides very little job security.
5-4. Consider other career options.
You might decide that working long hours for little pay, no health insurance, and no stability is not for you. In this case, you should spend part of your graduate career preparing for a life off the tenure track or even out of academia altogether.
Build up a portfolio of non-academic writing. You can volunteer to edit medical or technical documents, write grants for a non-profit in your area, or freelance for a local magazine or newspaper. But you should have a body of writing that translates outside of academia.
Prepare to revise your job search materials. While a C.V. is supposed to be multiple pages in length, a resume should be no longer than one. A cover letter should be just one page also.
You must learn how to communicate your transferrable skills. If you lead a lab, you have project management skills. If you wrote and structured your dissertation, then you have excellent organizational prowess.
Think of alternative career paths. Many Ph.D.s go on to have successful careers in industry, non-profits, teaching at private high schools, researching in governmental jobs, or by starting their own businesses. Talk to the Career Center at your graduate institution about finding ways of transitioning out of academia.
The web site VersatilePhD also provides tips from Ph.D.s who have found career paths beyond the tenure track.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Completing Your Undergraduate Degree\\n1-1. Succeed in high school.\\nIf you know in high school that you would like to become a college professor, then get the highest grades possible so you can gain admission into an excellent undergraduate institution. Reputable graduate programs often accept applicants from similarly reputable colleges and universities.\\nSet a clear study schedule for yourself and plan out your assignments weeks in advance. If you plan ahead now, you will establish the necessary time management skills you will need in college.\\nDivide your time into manageable chunks. Don't plan for large chunks of time (like 4 or 5 hours) because it might be harder to maintain that level of attention and commitment. Instead, create manageable 1-2 hours blocks of time to study and complete projects.\\nStudy for your standardized tests. Your SAT and ACT scores are a key part of your application package. You can find study tips and practice tests at the College Board's web site. You should study for a few months before the test -- don't cram for it the night before.\\nYou can also check out test prep books at you local library, take prep courses offered by companies like Pearson and Kaplan or look into studying with a private tutor.\\n1-2. Research undergraduate programs with successful graduates.\\nMany college departments will list how many students gain acceptance to graduate school on their web site. You can also ask an admissions officer how many students go onto Ph.D. programs from their university's department.\\nConsider the size and scope of your university. Small liberal arts colleges are great for getting a personalized attention, but they tend not to have the resources for archival research provided by larger universities.\\nSimilarly, with a larger university, you will need to work extra hard to become known to your professors since many of them will teach very large survey courses or they will only teach upper level courses and graduate courses. Attend department events and stop by your professor's office hours to express your interest in the material and discuss specific projects. This will help your professors get to know you when they have hundreds of other students.\\nWhen you invest plenty of time researching a university you're interested in, you'll be able to impress the admission officers and faculty with how knowledgeable are about the college and what its mission is.\\nIf you are planning to attend a large university, you should also look into joining an honors college within the university as this will give you a smaller cohort and more individual attention.\\n1-3. Perform well in college.\\nYour performance in your undergraduate program will be the major factor that your graduate committee will consider when they admit you. Make sure you manage your course load so you can balance your responsibilities. Anything more than four reading intensive courses each semester will be difficult to manage. \\nDon't overload courses. You will need to strengthen your reading skills in college as most graduate programs require you to analyze an intensive amount of reading material. But don't feel pressure to cram extra courses into each semester. Talk to your advisor about the recommended amount of courses to take for your graduate school aspirations.\\nMaintain a high GPA. You should have a generally high GPA, but in the courses of your major, most graduate programs will expect you to earn grades of an A+, A or A-. If you have consistently earned C's, Ds or failed courses in your major, then graduate school might not be for you..\\nWork or volunteer as a tutor. This could be in a position in your school's writing center or you could tutor students at a local high school. In most graduate programs, you will be expected to do some form of teaching and tutoring while you are an undergrad will indicate your interest in this role.\\nWork or volunteer in a professor's laboratory. Many professors need and welcome undergraduates into their labs to do some of the basic tasks of research. The professor will likely write you a letter of recommendation and give you valuable advice for applying to graduate schools.\\n1-4. Take an internship.\\nAn internship will give you valuable professional experience and will allow you to learn outside the space of a classroom. It will also help you to build a professional network outside of academia.\\nTalk to your university's career center for tips on finding a rewarding internship.\\n1-5. Build up other skills.\\nWhile being a strong reader and writer are essential skills for most graduate programs, you should consider developing other skills that can translate inside and outside of academia.\\nConsider taking a web development class and an introductory data analysis or statistics course. These courses will give you vital technological and quantitative skills that will translate into a variety of professions, not just graduate school.\\n1-6. Take a graduate level course.\\nIn your senior year, consider enrolling in a graduate level course if your school offers a Master's or Ph.D. program. This will give you a sense of the level of work required by a more advanced degree.\\nIf your advisor is offering a graduate level course, ask them if you think you should enroll in it. This will let them know that you are interested in graduate study.\\n1-7. Think about why you want to go to graduate school.\\nIn order to become a college professor, most departments require you to have a Ph.D. Before you begin the application process (which is very time consuming), you should think deeply about why you want to attend, especially when the promise of job security after you graduate with a Ph.D. is very unlikely.\\nAre you afraid to go on the job market after graduating with your B.A.? Do you not know of anything else to do? These are not good reasons to go to graduate school.\\nEven if you have a genuine passion for your discipline and want to study if further, consider if you would be willing to do this after ten years of very hard work with little pay and no job security.\\n2. Applying to Graduate School\\n2-1. Research different programs.\\nParticularly, research how many of their graduates have been placed in tenure-track jobs in the past ten years. If the department doesn't supply this information on their web site, this is a red flag.\\nYou should aim to apply for 10-15 programs. Aim high when you apply; only 50% of all Ivy League Ph.Ds go on to earn tenure-track jobs and the percentage decreases at lower tier programs. Going to a very prestigious school will help your chances of getting a tenure-track job.\\n2-2. Find potential advisors.\\nIn graduate school, you will work much more closely with your advisor than in undergrad. You should look for faculty members who have the title of Associate Professor or just Professor. This means they have tenure and they have a stable future at the university.\\nIf a faculty member has a title of Assistant Professor or Visiting Assistant Professor, then this means they are only tenure-track or on a limited term appointment. Do not pick them as an advisor as their future at the university is uncertain.\\nAs most Ph.D. programs last between 5-7 years, you will need someone who will be at the university for a long time to support you and approve your dissertation.\\nTake the time to read that professor's research. Don't just peruse their interests as they are listed on the faculty web site -- read articles and books by them to see what kinds of contributions they have made to their field.\\n2-3. Consider the funding options.\\nDon't go into significant debt for a Ph.D. Unlike a J.D. or an M.D. degree, the Ph.D. generally does not offer very lucrative careers that can pay down large amounts of debt (the average salary of a tenure-track Assistant Professor is $53,000; the average salary of adjunct professors is $25,000-$27,000, although it can be much lower). Your Ph.D. program should at least cover tuition and should also provide some sort of living stipend., \\nIf you already have significant debt from your undergraduate degree, you should consider if it is worth it to take on additional debt for another degree or if it might be worth to spend a few years paying down your debt.\\nMany programs offer funding through Teaching Assistantships or Instructor positions. Beware of programs that want you to begin teaching in your first year of coursework or programs that want you to teach more than one course a semester. A heavy teaching load will make it difficult for you to finish your research.\\nLook for grants on the U.S. Department of Education's web site or for grants offered for graduate students by your professional organization (such as American Psychological Association).\\n2-4. Make an application timeline.\\nAfter you have decided which 10-15 programs you want to apply to, make a timeline including all the relevant information for each application. When is the due date for each application? Do they all require the same materials or do some require different components (such as a portfolio)?\\nYou should start the application process a few months before each due date. Talk to your advisors and let them know you are thinking of applying to graduate school. Ask them if they will be able to write letters of recommendation for you. You should make a formal request for a letter of recommendation at least a month before the application is due.\\nAt the beginning of the fall semester of your senior year (or in August if you have graduated), contact your university's career for any guidance on applying to graduate school. They will have lots of guidance and can help you network with alumnae who have gone on to graduate school.\\n2-5. Study for the GRE (or Graduate Records Examination).\\nMost Ph.D. programs require the GRE; they often also require a GRE subject test in your area. As with the SAT, you should give yourself time to study and practice taking this test. Do not cram in the night or week before the test.\\nLook for prep test courses and study guides offered by your university's career center. You can also study with guide books, takes practice tests offered through Educational Testing Service, or look into using a tutor to help you prepare.\\nIn most major cities, the GRE is offered year round when taken on the computer. The fee for taking the test is $195 and can be paid on-line with most major credit or debit cards at Educational Testing Service's web site.\\n2-6. Prepare your personal statement.\\nYour cover letter should clearly state your professional interests in the program and which field of study you would like to pursue. Most graduate programs require some form of specialization (i.e. if you study history, you will have to choose a geographical and historical specialization, like early American history before the Civil War).\\nClearly state which faculty members you want to work with in your cover letter. Explain how their research interests align with yours. Discuss which experiences in your background make you prepared to study this field.\\nAvoid making any cliche statements, such as sentences that start with the phrase \\\"I always knew I wanted to teach this subject\\\" or \\\"Ever since I was a child, I loved reading.\\\" Instead, focus on what research questions you are interested in exploring in the program.\\nObsessively proofread your cover letter. If you include any typos or grammatical errors, this will indicate to the committee that you are either a weak writer or a lazy one. Don't let you entire application be thrown out over something that is easily fixable.\\nLearn more at our Guide to Writing a Personal Statement for Grad School\\n2-7. Submit a stellar writing sample.\\nYour writing sample should be flawless and meet the page requirements as stipulated in the application. Do not include a shorter or longer sample; this is a quick way to get your application dismissed.\\nMake sure the writing sample is a reflection of your research interests. If you want to study ancient Egyptian art but your writing sample is on the Impressionist movement in the late 19th century, then this will not give the committee a clear idea of your research strengths.\\nWork with your college's writing center to get feedback on your writing sample. Does it make sense to someone who doesn't know very much about the subject of your research? Is it clearly written?\\nAs with your personal statement, make sure your writing sample is grammatically pristine and contains no typos.\\n2-8. Be patient.\\nAfter you have submitted your application, be patient when waiting to hear back. Most graduate school applications are due in late fall/early winter but you may not hear back until the middle of the spring semester.\\nDo not keep bombarding the department administrative assistant for updates on the status of your application. This is a quick way to get rejected. The school will let you know if your application has been accepted or rejected.\\n2-9. Visit the campus.\\nSome programs require their applicants to interview before they admit them. You should participate in this interview if only to get a more in-depth sense of the program and how it supports its graduate students.\\nMany other programs will offer visiting weekends for students who have been accepted. Once you have narrowed your choices down to 3-4 options, try to visit at the schools you are most interested in.\\nMeet with the faculty members you want to study with on your visit. Are they interested in working with you? Do they have no clue who you are? Do they seem to be the most popular advisor in the department, perhaps working with too many graduate students? If you answer yes to the latter two questions, that might be a sign this department wouldn't be the best fit for you.\\nAsk questions from current students in your program who work with the faculty members you want to work with. Does the faculty member support his or her advisees? Will she provide feedback on your research in a timely manner? Does she encourage students to attend conferences or meet colleagues she knows at other institutions? Does she help students to get published in reputable journals?\\nConsider other factors about the institution. Is the university in a very small college town or is it in a bustling, expensive city? Is this a place that you would be happy to live in for 5-7 years? How will you be able to afford to live in this place on a graduate student stipend?\\nIf you can, try to stay with a current graduate student when you visit. That way, you will get a sense of what kind of housing grad students can afford. Can they live on their own in a nice neighborhood or do they have to have multiple roommates? Is it easy to find an apartment in the city or is the rental market really competitive?\\n3. Succeeding in Graduate School\\n3-1. Ace your coursework.\\nFor the first couple years in your program, you will likely be required to take a range of courses. Try to focus on taking classes with the faculty members you want to advise your dissertation. Taking a class with a faculty member will give them a sense of your strengths and interests.\\nRead strategically. You will have an overwhelming amount of reading to complete in graduate school -- perhaps multiple books each week. As you read, take in-depth notes and highlight the most important sections or moments from each text.\\nYou can also generally get a reading list from your professor or find the book list on the course schedule in the summer or winter break before the class starts. Completing some of this reading ahead of time will give you a lighter load for when you are mired in work during the semester.\\nIn your first and second years, you should attend as many department events as you can -- talks from current faculty and visiting scholars, graduate student presentations, department parties, etc. This will show your investment in your professional setting.\\n3-2. Join the academic conversation.\\nIn your first and second years, you should spend time familiarizing yourself with your academic field. Spend a couple hours each week reading the major academic journals in your field (if you don't know what these are, ask your advisor or a faculty member in that field). This will give you a sense of the broader conversations happening in your discipline. \\nJoin your professional organization. You should join early in your career in graduate school and maintain your membership. Most organizations offer reduced membership fees for graduate students.\\nIf you are studying English or a romance language, this will be the MLA (Modern Language Association), or the American Psychological Association if you are in a psychology department. In your third or fourth years of the program, you should plan to attend the major conference hosted by this institution.\\n3-3. Make publishing a priority.\\nMost tenure-track jobs (even at less research focused institutions) now require applicants to have published at least one article. Scientific disciplines often expect an even more extensive publication record since most papers contain multiple authors.\\nJoin a writing group in your department (or start one if it does not already exist) that will give you deadlines for turning a paper you wrote for your course work or qualifying exams into a piece of criticism.\\nRemember that the process for publishing can take a long time. Some journals might take months before they let you know if they have accepted, rejected or requested that you revise and resubmit your article. After that, it could take even longer before it appears in print. If you want to have a publication by the fourth year in your program, then start to prepare it in your second year.\\nAsk your advisor for guidance on which journal you should send your article to. Some journals do not publish graduate students as a rule whereas others are more welcoming toward junior scholarship.\\n3-4. Gain teaching experience.\\nTeaching experience will prepare you for the daily responsibilities of a college professor. Many Ph.D. programs have teaching opportunities built into their programs, where you will often teach freshmen or sophomore level courses or leading a lab for a large section of an introductory course.\\nIf these opportunities are not built into your program, then you may need to apply for teaching opportunities. Talk to your advisor about the best way to secure a teaching appointment.\\nLook into taking a Teaching Assistant position. In these positions, you generally assist a professor with things like grading, taking attendance, and helping students during group work in class. But make sure that you have the opportunity to contribute some of your knowledge to the course; just working as a grader might not give you enough professional experience to be a teacher.\\nSave lesson plans, syllabi, student evaluations and lecture notes for your teaching portfolio. These will be necessary documents for when you apply for a tenure track job.\\n3-5. Consider interdisciplinary certificate programs.\\nMany graduate schools will offer certificate programs for graduate students in other departments that supplement your core interests as a scholar. Popular options often include programs in Women and Gender Studies, American Studies, Writing and Rhetoric, Non-Profit Management, Digital Humanities, On-line Teaching and Learning, Instructional Design, etc.\\nCompleting a certificate in one of these programs could make you a more competitive candidate for jobs inside and outside academia than applicants who just have a degree in one field.\\n3-6. Design a compelling dissertation.\\nThe most complicated component of the Ph.D. program is writing and defending a dissertation, which is a book-length research project. Most departments will require that you submit a proposal at the beginning of the writing process for your topic. When you finish writing it, you will have to defend your work in front of a committee of faculty members who have read it.\\nSet up a clear, easy-to-follow writing schedule with frequent deadlines. Some programs will give you a year of funding to write you dissertation; you should have at least a couple chapters completed before you embark on this.\\nBreak down your time into manageable chunks. Give yourself one or two hour blocks of time with achievable goals, like adding an extra three pages to your introduction or analyzing in an extra scholarly source.\\nMaintain clear communication with your advisor. As you are writing, don't fall off of your advisor's radar. They should approve each chapter as you go. Plan to check in with them every 2-3 weeks during the writing process so they get a sense of your progress.\\n3-7. Schedule your defense far in advance.\\nOnce you have completed your dissertation, Most Ph.D. programs require you have somewhere between 4-6 faculty members to conduct a defense of your work. They will ask you critical questions about the strength of your arguments and also offer other perspectives on your work.\\nCoordinating the schedules of multiple academics can be tricky. In many departments, the administrative assistant will coordinate the schedules of your readers, establish a date and time, and book a room for you, but you should contact him early in the semester you plan to defend to do this.\\nTo prepare for your defense, re-read important moments in your dissertation (introduction, conclusion and the thesis statements of each chapter) so you can quickly and eloquently respond with the key points of your argument.\\nTake a deep breath and remember that no one knows your work better than you. You have spent years with this material and you have every ability to defend it successfully.\\n4. Taking a Tenure Track Job\\n4-1. Go on the job market.\\nMost tenure track jobs are posted in the fall semester of the academic year before they are meant to begin. They will generally have the title of Assistant Professor.\\nJob postings for tenure track jobs are often listed on the web site of your major professional organization (like the Modern Language Association or Computer Research Association) or other places like HigherEdJobs, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and H-Net.\\nMost academic candidates go on the market in the last year of their program when they are still ABD (all but dissertation). You should plan to have defended your dissertation and earned your degree by the time the tenure track job begins in the fall of the next academic year.\\nYou will generally need many of the same documents that you used to get into graduate school: a cover letter (personal statement), a C.V. listing your academic accomplishments such as publications or teaching awards, a writing sample, letters of recommendation from your advisors, etc. You also will be frequently required to present a teaching portfolio consisting of things like student evaluations, lesson plans, a statement of your teaching philosophy, etc.\\n4-2. Survive the job interview.\\nInterviews for tenure track jobs are notoriously rigorous. First, you may have to pass preliminary interviews conducted at the conference hosted by your major professional organization. You may also have a phone or Skype interview, which will be less expensive to attend than traveling to the professional conference.\\nYou will generally be asked questions about your research, what contributions do you make to the field, how did you become interested in your topic, etc. You will also be asked questions about teaching -- such as how you structure a lesson plan or how you manage a large survey class. You should have tangible examples to provide when you get these questions.\\nAfter you pass the preliminary round of interviews, you will be asked to come on a campus interview. The campus interview generally lasts 2-3 days. You will travel to campus and may be required to do some of the following things: give an extended talk (25-50 minutes) on your research interests, lead a class to demonstrate your teaching interests, and conduct multiple smaller interviews with members of the job search committee or other faculty members.\\nAlways express interest in the research of other faculty members while you are on your visit. You want to make it clear that you are a helpful, congenial potential colleague.\\nYou also will be required to meet with the Chair of your department, the Dean of your college and possibly other administrative figures. These interviews generally take place in the spring semester before the fall semester when they plan to hire you.\\n4-3. Prepare for tenure review.\\nOnce you have been hired, most institutions expect to assess faculty members for tenure within seven years of starting as an Assistant Professor. However, they will often require pre-tenure review within the first two years of appointment and then again in the fourth of fifth years.\\nDepartments have different requirements for tenure review. Once tenure is awarded, the professor has a secure future at the university (barring any major financial crisis) and the professor can enjoy a lifelong career teaching students in the subject of their expertise.\\nFor the humanities, you often have to publish at least one book with a reputable academic press and/or multiple articles in well-respected journals.\\nFor the sciences, you have to receive funding from an institution like the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation to start a lab and procure the equipment need to conduct your experiments. Writing and winning grants for this has become increasingly difficult, especially with major financial cuts to these institutions.\\n4-4. Learn the culture of your department.\\nAs you are preparing to apply for tenure, consider where you should focus your energies. Does the department value research or teaching more? If it values research, resist the urge to spend extra time mentoring students or planning events for students in the department. Put that time into conducting research.\\nSimilarly, if the department mostly values commitment to students (as frequently is the case as liberal arts colleges and community colleges), then put more of your focus on advising and supporting students. Consider serving as the advisor to a student group in your department.\\nAlways talk to your chair or dean about the expectations for tenure at your university. Most schools want to improve their national profile, which means that the will value research. From your first year forward, work as hard as you can to meet those expectations.\\n4-5. Maintain the appropriate records.\\nFor your tenure review, you will often be required to produce an extensive file of documents cataloguing your successes in the department. These often include:\\nStudent evaluations and evidence of your teaching record (lesson plans, syllabi, etc.)\\nCopies of all of your publications or any technical documents/creative projects\\nLetters from scholars at other institutions which assess the value of your research\\nA log of your service to your institution, any additional certifications you have earned\\nAfter you have compiled your dossier, the tenured members of your department will vote on whether or not to recommend you for tenure, Your file will also be sent out to other faculty members from other departments for review. The final decision will be made by the President, Provost or Chancellor at your university.\\n5. Taking a Non Tenure Track Job\\n5-1. Go on the job market.\\nWith the increasing scarcity of tenure-track jobs, more Ph.D. holders are taking limited term or contingent faculty positions. Non-tenure track professors currently make up more than 70% of all teaching positions in the American university. Some of these titles include:\\nPost-doctoral research fellow\\nVisiting Assistant Professor\\nLecturer (often with different levels such as Lecturer I or II or Senior Lecturer)\\nAdjunct\\nThe first two categories of jobs can sometimes be found posted during the fall alongside tenure track jobs, but they are also regularly posted during the spring and throughout the academic year. Lecturer and Adjunct positions are often interviewed closer to the start of the upcoming school year in which they are needed.\\n5-2. Interview for a NTT job.\\nThe interview process for these jobs can be very similar to a tenure track job; you may have to go on a campus visit and give a presentation, but the focus will probably be more on your teaching abilities than your research.\\nBeware of post-doc positions that have heavy teaching loads (such as a 4-4). A post-doc is meant to help you turn your dissertation into a book manuscript to publish. If the position requires you to have a heavy teaching load, you might not be able to accomplish this.\\n5-3. Understand the perils of adjuncting.\\nWith the rising costs of tuition and the growth of administrative salaries, many schools have turned to adjuncting to cover the bulk of their teaching needs.\\nAdjuncts are Ph.D. holders who are often kept on a part-time basis so they do not receive benefits or health insurance from the university. They are not paid a salary but rather, on a per-course fee which averages $2700.00. Currently, adjuncts make up more than 50% of the current college faculty workforce and they earn on average $25,000-$27,000 a year.\\nBecause institutions are hesitant to grant adjuncts course loads that would make them full-time employees, many adjuncts are forced to teach at multiple schools in any given semester. They might have long commutes to get to many different campuses.\\nDepartments are also likely to cut courses at the last minute, leaving adjuncts to scramble to find other ways to supplement a meager salary. Working as an adjunct provides very little job security.\\n5-4. Consider other career options.\\nYou might decide that working long hours for little pay, no health insurance, and no stability is not for you. In this case, you should spend part of your graduate career preparing for a life off the tenure track or even out of academia altogether.\\nBuild up a portfolio of non-academic writing. You can volunteer to edit medical or technical documents, write grants for a non-profit in your area, or freelance for a local magazine or newspaper. But you should have a body of writing that translates outside of academia.\\nPrepare to revise your job search materials. While a C.V. is supposed to be multiple pages in length, a resume should be no longer than one. A cover letter should be just one page also.\\nYou must learn how to communicate your transferrable skills. If you lead a lab, you have project management skills. If you wrote and structured your dissertation, then you have excellent organizational prowess.\\nThink of alternative career paths. Many Ph.D.s go on to have successful careers in industry, non-profits, teaching at private high schools, researching in governmental jobs, or by starting their own businesses. Talk to the Career Center at your graduate institution about finding ways of transitioning out of academia.\\nThe web site VersatilePhD also provides tips from Ph.D.s who have found career paths beyond the tenure track.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Teaching at a university is a rewarding career, but with a declining number of available positions, becoming a college professor isn't easy. More than 70 percent of all college faculty currently teach off the tenure track, meaning their future at the university is not stable. For many adjunct professors, getting an advanced degree is a path into poverty; more than 33,000 Ph.D. holders are currently on public assistance. Think very carefully before embarking on a path to become a professor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Undergraduate Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Succeed in high school.\", \"描述\": \"If you know in high school that you would like to become a college professor, then get the highest grades possible so you can gain admission into an excellent undergraduate institution. Reputable graduate programs often accept applicants from similarly reputable colleges and universities.\\nSet a clear study schedule for yourself and plan out your assignments weeks in advance. If you plan ahead now, you will establish the necessary time management skills you will need in college.\\nDivide your time into manageable chunks. Don't plan for large chunks of time (like 4 or 5 hours) because it might be harder to maintain that level of attention and commitment. Instead, create manageable 1-2 hours blocks of time to study and complete projects.\\nStudy for your standardized tests. Your SAT and ACT scores are a key part of your application package. You can find study tips and practice tests at the College Board's web site. You should study for a few months before the test -- don't cram for it the night before.\\nYou can also check out test prep books at you local library, take prep courses offered by companies like Pearson and Kaplan or look into studying with a private tutor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research undergraduate programs with successful graduates.\", \"描述\": \"Many college departments will list how many students gain acceptance to graduate school on their web site. You can also ask an admissions officer how many students go onto Ph.D. programs from their university's department.\\nConsider the size and scope of your university. Small liberal arts colleges are great for getting a personalized attention, but they tend not to have the resources for archival research provided by larger universities.\\nSimilarly, with a larger university, you will need to work extra hard to become known to your professors since many of them will teach very large survey courses or they will only teach upper level courses and graduate courses. Attend department events and stop by your professor's office hours to express your interest in the material and discuss specific projects. This will help your professors get to know you when they have hundreds of other students.\\nWhen you invest plenty of time researching a university you're interested in, you'll be able to impress the admission officers and faculty with how knowledgeable are about the college and what its mission is.\\nIf you are planning to attend a large university, you should also look into joining an honors college within the university as this will give you a smaller cohort and more individual attention.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Perform well in college.\", \"描述\": \"Your performance in your undergraduate program will be the major factor that your graduate committee will consider when they admit you. Make sure you manage your course load so you can balance your responsibilities. Anything more than four reading intensive courses each semester will be difficult to manage. \\nDon't overload courses. You will need to strengthen your reading skills in college as most graduate programs require you to analyze an intensive amount of reading material. But don't feel pressure to cram extra courses into each semester. Talk to your advisor about the recommended amount of courses to take for your graduate school aspirations.\\nMaintain a high GPA. You should have a generally high GPA, but in the courses of your major, most graduate programs will expect you to earn grades of an A+, A or A-. If you have consistently earned C's, Ds or failed courses in your major, then graduate school might not be for you..\\nWork or volunteer as a tutor. This could be in a position in your school's writing center or you could tutor students at a local high school. In most graduate programs, you will be expected to do some form of teaching and tutoring while you are an undergrad will indicate your interest in this role.\\nWork or volunteer in a professor's laboratory. Many professors need and welcome undergraduates into their labs to do some of the basic tasks of research. The professor will likely write you a letter of recommendation and give you valuable advice for applying to graduate schools.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take an internship.\", \"描述\": \"An internship will give you valuable professional experience and will allow you to learn outside the space of a classroom. It will also help you to build a professional network outside of academia.\\nTalk to your university's career center for tips on finding a rewarding internship.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Build up other skills.\", \"描述\": \"While being a strong reader and writer are essential skills for most graduate programs, you should consider developing other skills that can translate inside and outside of academia.\\nConsider taking a web development class and an introductory data analysis or statistics course. These courses will give you vital technological and quantitative skills that will translate into a variety of professions, not just graduate school.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take a graduate level course.\", \"描述\": \"In your senior year, consider enrolling in a graduate level course if your school offers a Master's or Ph.D. program. This will give you a sense of the level of work required by a more advanced degree.\\nIf your advisor is offering a graduate level course, ask them if you think you should enroll in it. This will let them know that you are interested in graduate study.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Think about why you want to go to graduate school.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a college professor, most departments require you to have a Ph.D. Before you begin the application process (which is very time consuming), you should think deeply about why you want to attend, especially when the promise of job security after you graduate with a Ph.D. is very unlikely.\\nAre you afraid to go on the job market after graduating with your B.A.? Do you not know of anything else to do? These are not good reasons to go to graduate school.\\nEven if you have a genuine passion for your discipline and want to study if further, consider if you would be willing to do this after ten years of very hard work with little pay and no job security.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying to Graduate School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research different programs.\", \"描述\": \"Particularly, research how many of their graduates have been placed in tenure-track jobs in the past ten years. If the department doesn't supply this information on their web site, this is a red flag.\\nYou should aim to apply for 10-15 programs. Aim high when you apply; only 50% of all Ivy League Ph.Ds go on to earn tenure-track jobs and the percentage decreases at lower tier programs. Going to a very prestigious school will help your chances of getting a tenure-track job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find potential advisors.\", \"描述\": \"In graduate school, you will work much more closely with your advisor than in undergrad. You should look for faculty members who have the title of Associate Professor or just Professor. This means they have tenure and they have a stable future at the university.\\nIf a faculty member has a title of Assistant Professor or Visiting Assistant Professor, then this means they are only tenure-track or on a limited term appointment. Do not pick them as an advisor as their future at the university is uncertain.\\nAs most Ph.D. programs last between 5-7 years, you will need someone who will be at the university for a long time to support you and approve your dissertation.\\nTake the time to read that professor's research. Don't just peruse their interests as they are listed on the faculty web site -- read articles and books by them to see what kinds of contributions they have made to their field.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider the funding options.\", \"描述\": \"Don't go into significant debt for a Ph.D. Unlike a J.D. or an M.D. degree, the Ph.D. generally does not offer very lucrative careers that can pay down large amounts of debt (the average salary of a tenure-track Assistant Professor is $53,000; the average salary of adjunct professors is $25,000-$27,000, although it can be much lower). Your Ph.D. program should at least cover tuition and should also provide some sort of living stipend., \\nIf you already have significant debt from your undergraduate degree, you should consider if it is worth it to take on additional debt for another degree or if it might be worth to spend a few years paying down your debt.\\nMany programs offer funding through Teaching Assistantships or Instructor positions. Beware of programs that want you to begin teaching in your first year of coursework or programs that want you to teach more than one course a semester. A heavy teaching load will make it difficult for you to finish your research.\\nLook for grants on the U.S. Department of Education's web site or for grants offered for graduate students by your professional organization (such as American Psychological Association).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make an application timeline.\", \"描述\": \"After you have decided which 10-15 programs you want to apply to, make a timeline including all the relevant information for each application. When is the due date for each application? Do they all require the same materials or do some require different components (such as a portfolio)?\\nYou should start the application process a few months before each due date. Talk to your advisors and let them know you are thinking of applying to graduate school. Ask them if they will be able to write letters of recommendation for you. You should make a formal request for a letter of recommendation at least a month before the application is due.\\nAt the beginning of the fall semester of your senior year (or in August if you have graduated), contact your university's career for any guidance on applying to graduate school. They will have lots of guidance and can help you network with alumnae who have gone on to graduate school.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Study for the GRE (or Graduate Records Examination).\", \"描述\": \"Most Ph.D. programs require the GRE; they often also require a GRE subject test in your area. As with the SAT, you should give yourself time to study and practice taking this test. Do not cram in the night or week before the test.\\nLook for prep test courses and study guides offered by your university's career center. You can also study with guide books, takes practice tests offered through Educational Testing Service, or look into using a tutor to help you prepare.\\nIn most major cities, the GRE is offered year round when taken on the computer. The fee for taking the test is $195 and can be paid on-line with most major credit or debit cards at Educational Testing Service's web site.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare your personal statement.\", \"描述\": \"Your cover letter should clearly state your professional interests in the program and which field of study you would like to pursue. Most graduate programs require some form of specialization (i.e. if you study history, you will have to choose a geographical and historical specialization, like early American history before the Civil War).\\nClearly state which faculty members you want to work with in your cover letter. Explain how their research interests align with yours. Discuss which experiences in your background make you prepared to study this field.\\nAvoid making any cliche statements, such as sentences that start with the phrase \\\"I always knew I wanted to teach this subject\\\" or \\\"Ever since I was a child, I loved reading.\\\" Instead, focus on what research questions you are interested in exploring in the program.\\nObsessively proofread your cover letter. If you include any typos or grammatical errors, this will indicate to the committee that you are either a weak writer or a lazy one. Don't let you entire application be thrown out over something that is easily fixable.\\nLearn more at our Guide to Writing a Personal Statement for Grad School\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Submit a stellar writing sample.\", \"描述\": \"Your writing sample should be flawless and meet the page requirements as stipulated in the application. Do not include a shorter or longer sample; this is a quick way to get your application dismissed.\\nMake sure the writing sample is a reflection of your research interests. If you want to study ancient Egyptian art but your writing sample is on the Impressionist movement in the late 19th century, then this will not give the committee a clear idea of your research strengths.\\nWork with your college's writing center to get feedback on your writing sample. Does it make sense to someone who doesn't know very much about the subject of your research? Is it clearly written?\\nAs with your personal statement, make sure your writing sample is grammatically pristine and contains no typos.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be patient.\", \"描述\": \"After you have submitted your application, be patient when waiting to hear back. Most graduate school applications are due in late fall/early winter but you may not hear back until the middle of the spring semester.\\nDo not keep bombarding the department administrative assistant for updates on the status of your application. This is a quick way to get rejected. The school will let you know if your application has been accepted or rejected.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Visit the campus.\", \"描述\": \"Some programs require their applicants to interview before they admit them. You should participate in this interview if only to get a more in-depth sense of the program and how it supports its graduate students.\\nMany other programs will offer visiting weekends for students who have been accepted. Once you have narrowed your choices down to 3-4 options, try to visit at the schools you are most interested in.\\nMeet with the faculty members you want to study with on your visit. Are they interested in working with you? Do they have no clue who you are? Do they seem to be the most popular advisor in the department, perhaps working with too many graduate students? If you answer yes to the latter two questions, that might be a sign this department wouldn't be the best fit for you.\\nAsk questions from current students in your program who work with the faculty members you want to work with. Does the faculty member support his or her advisees? Will she provide feedback on your research in a timely manner? Does she encourage students to attend conferences or meet colleagues she knows at other institutions? Does she help students to get published in reputable journals?\\nConsider other factors about the institution. Is the university in a very small college town or is it in a bustling, expensive city? Is this a place that you would be happy to live in for 5-7 years? How will you be able to afford to live in this place on a graduate student stipend?\\nIf you can, try to stay with a current graduate student when you visit. That way, you will get a sense of what kind of housing grad students can afford. Can they live on their own in a nice neighborhood or do they have to have multiple roommates? Is it easy to find an apartment in the city or is the rental market really competitive?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Succeeding in Graduate School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ace your coursework.\", \"描述\": \"For the first couple years in your program, you will likely be required to take a range of courses. Try to focus on taking classes with the faculty members you want to advise your dissertation. Taking a class with a faculty member will give them a sense of your strengths and interests.\\nRead strategically. You will have an overwhelming amount of reading to complete in graduate school -- perhaps multiple books each week. As you read, take in-depth notes and highlight the most important sections or moments from each text.\\nYou can also generally get a reading list from your professor or find the book list on the course schedule in the summer or winter break before the class starts. Completing some of this reading ahead of time will give you a lighter load for when you are mired in work during the semester.\\nIn your first and second years, you should attend as many department events as you can -- talks from current faculty and visiting scholars, graduate student presentations, department parties, etc. This will show your investment in your professional setting.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join the academic conversation.\", \"描述\": \"In your first and second years, you should spend time familiarizing yourself with your academic field. Spend a couple hours each week reading the major academic journals in your field (if you don't know what these are, ask your advisor or a faculty member in that field). This will give you a sense of the broader conversations happening in your discipline. \\nJoin your professional organization. You should join early in your career in graduate school and maintain your membership. Most organizations offer reduced membership fees for graduate students.\\nIf you are studying English or a romance language, this will be the MLA (Modern Language Association), or the American Psychological Association if you are in a psychology department. In your third or fourth years of the program, you should plan to attend the major conference hosted by this institution.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make publishing a priority.\", \"描述\": \"Most tenure-track jobs (even at less research focused institutions) now require applicants to have published at least one article. Scientific disciplines often expect an even more extensive publication record since most papers contain multiple authors.\\nJoin a writing group in your department (or start one if it does not already exist) that will give you deadlines for turning a paper you wrote for your course work or qualifying exams into a piece of criticism.\\nRemember that the process for publishing can take a long time. Some journals might take months before they let you know if they have accepted, rejected or requested that you revise and resubmit your article. After that, it could take even longer before it appears in print. If you want to have a publication by the fourth year in your program, then start to prepare it in your second year.\\nAsk your advisor for guidance on which journal you should send your article to. Some journals do not publish graduate students as a rule whereas others are more welcoming toward junior scholarship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gain teaching experience.\", \"描述\": \"Teaching experience will prepare you for the daily responsibilities of a college professor. Many Ph.D. programs have teaching opportunities built into their programs, where you will often teach freshmen or sophomore level courses or leading a lab for a large section of an introductory course.\\nIf these opportunities are not built into your program, then you may need to apply for teaching opportunities. Talk to your advisor about the best way to secure a teaching appointment.\\nLook into taking a Teaching Assistant position. In these positions, you generally assist a professor with things like grading, taking attendance, and helping students during group work in class. But make sure that you have the opportunity to contribute some of your knowledge to the course; just working as a grader might not give you enough professional experience to be a teacher.\\nSave lesson plans, syllabi, student evaluations and lecture notes for your teaching portfolio. These will be necessary documents for when you apply for a tenure track job.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider interdisciplinary certificate programs.\", \"描述\": \"Many graduate schools will offer certificate programs for graduate students in other departments that supplement your core interests as a scholar. Popular options often include programs in Women and Gender Studies, American Studies, Writing and Rhetoric, Non-Profit Management, Digital Humanities, On-line Teaching and Learning, Instructional Design, etc.\\nCompleting a certificate in one of these programs could make you a more competitive candidate for jobs inside and outside academia than applicants who just have a degree in one field.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Design a compelling dissertation.\", \"描述\": \"The most complicated component of the Ph.D. program is writing and defending a dissertation, which is a book-length research project. Most departments will require that you submit a proposal at the beginning of the writing process for your topic. When you finish writing it, you will have to defend your work in front of a committee of faculty members who have read it.\\nSet up a clear, easy-to-follow writing schedule with frequent deadlines. Some programs will give you a year of funding to write you dissertation; you should have at least a couple chapters completed before you embark on this.\\nBreak down your time into manageable chunks. Give yourself one or two hour blocks of time with achievable goals, like adding an extra three pages to your introduction or analyzing in an extra scholarly source.\\nMaintain clear communication with your advisor. As you are writing, don't fall off of your advisor's radar. They should approve each chapter as you go. Plan to check in with them every 2-3 weeks during the writing process so they get a sense of your progress.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Schedule your defense far in advance.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed your dissertation, Most Ph.D. programs require you have somewhere between 4-6 faculty members to conduct a defense of your work. They will ask you critical questions about the strength of your arguments and also offer other perspectives on your work.\\nCoordinating the schedules of multiple academics can be tricky. In many departments, the administrative assistant will coordinate the schedules of your readers, establish a date and time, and book a room for you, but you should contact him early in the semester you plan to defend to do this.\\nTo prepare for your defense, re-read important moments in your dissertation (introduction, conclusion and the thesis statements of each chapter) so you can quickly and eloquently respond with the key points of your argument.\\nTake a deep breath and remember that no one knows your work better than you. You have spent years with this material and you have every ability to defend it successfully.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Taking a Tenure Track Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go on the job market.\", \"描述\": \"Most tenure track jobs are posted in the fall semester of the academic year before they are meant to begin. They will generally have the title of Assistant Professor.\\nJob postings for tenure track jobs are often listed on the web site of your major professional organization (like the Modern Language Association or Computer Research Association) or other places like HigherEdJobs, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and H-Net.\\nMost academic candidates go on the market in the last year of their program when they are still ABD (all but dissertation). You should plan to have defended your dissertation and earned your degree by the time the tenure track job begins in the fall of the next academic year.\\nYou will generally need many of the same documents that you used to get into graduate school: a cover letter (personal statement), a C.V. listing your academic accomplishments such as publications or teaching awards, a writing sample, letters of recommendation from your advisors, etc. You also will be frequently required to present a teaching portfolio consisting of things like student evaluations, lesson plans, a statement of your teaching philosophy, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Survive the job interview.\", \"描述\": \"Interviews for tenure track jobs are notoriously rigorous. First, you may have to pass preliminary interviews conducted at the conference hosted by your major professional organization. You may also have a phone or Skype interview, which will be less expensive to attend than traveling to the professional conference.\\nYou will generally be asked questions about your research, what contributions do you make to the field, how did you become interested in your topic, etc. You will also be asked questions about teaching -- such as how you structure a lesson plan or how you manage a large survey class. You should have tangible examples to provide when you get these questions.\\nAfter you pass the preliminary round of interviews, you will be asked to come on a campus interview. The campus interview generally lasts 2-3 days. You will travel to campus and may be required to do some of the following things: give an extended talk (25-50 minutes) on your research interests, lead a class to demonstrate your teaching interests, and conduct multiple smaller interviews with members of the job search committee or other faculty members.\\nAlways express interest in the research of other faculty members while you are on your visit. You want to make it clear that you are a helpful, congenial potential colleague.\\nYou also will be required to meet with the Chair of your department, the Dean of your college and possibly other administrative figures. These interviews generally take place in the spring semester before the fall semester when they plan to hire you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for tenure review.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been hired, most institutions expect to assess faculty members for tenure within seven years of starting as an Assistant Professor. However, they will often require pre-tenure review within the first two years of appointment and then again in the fourth of fifth years.\\nDepartments have different requirements for tenure review. Once tenure is awarded, the professor has a secure future at the university (barring any major financial crisis) and the professor can enjoy a lifelong career teaching students in the subject of their expertise.\\nFor the humanities, you often have to publish at least one book with a reputable academic press and/or multiple articles in well-respected journals.\\nFor the sciences, you have to receive funding from an institution like the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation to start a lab and procure the equipment need to conduct your experiments. Writing and winning grants for this has become increasingly difficult, especially with major financial cuts to these institutions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn the culture of your department.\", \"描述\": \"As you are preparing to apply for tenure, consider where you should focus your energies. Does the department value research or teaching more? If it values research, resist the urge to spend extra time mentoring students or planning events for students in the department. Put that time into conducting research.\\nSimilarly, if the department mostly values commitment to students (as frequently is the case as liberal arts colleges and community colleges), then put more of your focus on advising and supporting students. Consider serving as the advisor to a student group in your department.\\nAlways talk to your chair or dean about the expectations for tenure at your university. Most schools want to improve their national profile, which means that the will value research. From your first year forward, work as hard as you can to meet those expectations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain the appropriate records.\", \"描述\": \"For your tenure review, you will often be required to produce an extensive file of documents cataloguing your successes in the department. These often include:\\nStudent evaluations and evidence of your teaching record (lesson plans, syllabi, etc.)\\nCopies of all of your publications or any technical documents/creative projects\\nLetters from scholars at other institutions which assess the value of your research\\nA log of your service to your institution, any additional certifications you have earned\\nAfter you have compiled your dossier, the tenured members of your department will vote on whether or not to recommend you for tenure, Your file will also be sent out to other faculty members from other departments for review. The final decision will be made by the President, Provost or Chancellor at your university.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Taking a Non Tenure Track Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go on the job market.\", \"描述\": \"With the increasing scarcity of tenure-track jobs, more Ph.D. holders are taking limited term or contingent faculty positions. Non-tenure track professors currently make up more than 70% of all teaching positions in the American university. Some of these titles include:\\nPost-doctoral research fellow\\nVisiting Assistant Professor\\nLecturer (often with different levels such as Lecturer I or II or Senior Lecturer)\\nAdjunct\\nThe first two categories of jobs can sometimes be found posted during the fall alongside tenure track jobs, but they are also regularly posted during the spring and throughout the academic year. Lecturer and Adjunct positions are often interviewed closer to the start of the upcoming school year in which they are needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Interview for a NTT job.\", \"描述\": \"The interview process for these jobs can be very similar to a tenure track job; you may have to go on a campus visit and give a presentation, but the focus will probably be more on your teaching abilities than your research.\\nBeware of post-doc positions that have heavy teaching loads (such as a 4-4). A post-doc is meant to help you turn your dissertation into a book manuscript to publish. If the position requires you to have a heavy teaching load, you might not be able to accomplish this.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the perils of adjuncting.\", \"描述\": \"With the rising costs of tuition and the growth of administrative salaries, many schools have turned to adjuncting to cover the bulk of their teaching needs.\\nAdjuncts are Ph.D. holders who are often kept on a part-time basis so they do not receive benefits or health insurance from the university. They are not paid a salary but rather, on a per-course fee which averages $2700.00. Currently, adjuncts make up more than 50% of the current college faculty workforce and they earn on average $25,000-$27,000 a year.\\nBecause institutions are hesitant to grant adjuncts course loads that would make them full-time employees, many adjuncts are forced to teach at multiple schools in any given semester. They might have long commutes to get to many different campuses.\\nDepartments are also likely to cut courses at the last minute, leaving adjuncts to scramble to find other ways to supplement a meager salary. Working as an adjunct provides very little job security.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider other career options.\", \"描述\": \"You might decide that working long hours for little pay, no health insurance, and no stability is not for you. In this case, you should spend part of your graduate career preparing for a life off the tenure track or even out of academia altogether.\\nBuild up a portfolio of non-academic writing. You can volunteer to edit medical or technical documents, write grants for a non-profit in your area, or freelance for a local magazine or newspaper. But you should have a body of writing that translates outside of academia.\\nPrepare to revise your job search materials. While a C.V. is supposed to be multiple pages in length, a resume should be no longer than one. A cover letter should be just one page also.\\nYou must learn how to communicate your transferrable skills. If you lead a lab, you have project management skills. If you wrote and structured your dissertation, then you have excellent organizational prowess.\\nThink of alternative career paths. Many Ph.D.s go on to have successful careers in industry, non-profits, teaching at private high schools, researching in governmental jobs, or by starting their own businesses. Talk to the Career Center at your graduate institution about finding ways of transitioning out of academia.\\nThe web site VersatilePhD also provides tips from Ph.D.s who have found career paths beyond the tenure track.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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How to Become a Commercial Loan Broker
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1. Learning How to Broker Commercial Loans
1-1. Gain a solid education in finance and business.
While there are not technically any educational requirements for becoming a commercial loan broker, you will need a solid understanding of finance and accounting to be successful. As a broker, you will be required to understand the workings and specific financing needs of your clients. This means that you will have to know how a business is run and how bookkeeping and accounting records are kept.
In addition, you will need to have an understanding of how to assess the business's finance health so that you can describe this information to lenders.
This information can be learned on your own, but taking at least a couple of college-level courses in finance and accounting will best prepare you for the duties of being a loan broker.
1-2. Gain work experience.
Work in a financial institution to gain experience and knowledge of the banking industry. There are also commercial loan brokerages that hire brokers and companies or lenders that hire in-house loan brokers. Train with an established commercial loan broker to learn the basics of the industry.
Try searching job aggregator sites like Indeed or Monster for loan broker jobs.
When interviewing for positions, remember that the financial industry is still very conservative. You should wear a suit and arrive neatly groomed.
1-3. Decide what type of loan broker you want to become.
A commercial loan broker is someone acts as a go-between when businesses are seeking funding. However, there are other types of loan broker that require similar experience but serve different markets. Consider your other options before deciding to focus on commercial loan brokering. For example, there are also:
Mortgage Brokers. Mortgage broker deal specifically with potential homebuyers looking to find the best mortgage loan. The mortgage brokering market is more tightly regulated than commercial brokering, but can provide ample opportunities for deals.
Loan Note Brokers. These brokers connect businesses that are holding outstanding invoices they are looking to sell with investors who buy the notes. This type of brokering requires exceptional analytical and financial skills but can be very lucrative.
1-4. Learn how to process a loan.
Perfect your process so that you can quickly and easily give a completed file on the client to the lender. Figure out how together the necessary information for a loan, including appraisals, and credit reports. Often, a broker creates spreadsheets to analyze the debt coverage ratio for the client. Practice to become adept at reviewing tax returns and knowing what to look for.
Be sure to note any lender requirements like formatting or required information so that your applications are complete and correct.
2. Working as a Commercial Loan Broker
2-1. Figure out how you will offer your services.
Decide whether to work as an independent contractor or at a brokerage firm. Working for a firm will lend you credibility if you don't yet have any of your own, but will also take a portion of your commission. You can also decide what services to offer to your clients.
Commercial loan brokers primarily act as middlemen between lenders and businesses seeking loans.
A commercial loan broker might also be capable of producing many lenders, sometimes known as wholesalers, to the borrower.
In addition, a loan broker can use his or her knowledge and expertise to counsel a business on what to do about potential lending problems.
Doing so can allow you to act as a "consultant," rather than a "broker." This label could help your services seem more valuable with some clients.
2-2. Investigate on whether you need a license to operate as a commercial loan broker within your state.
Each state has a licensing board that can provide this information. You can also check with member organizations in the banking industry or with your local branch of the Small Business Administration. Currently, most states do not require commercial loan brokers to be licensed. However, about 20 states do require some form of license.
It's better to check thoroughly about license requirements than to assume your state does not require a license. There may be financial or criminal penalties involved if you operate without a license where one is required.
2-3. Fulfill licensing requirements.
Certain requirements must be fulfilled for licensing where it is required. Be prepared to have your fingerprints processed and a criminal background check done. These costs usually fall on the applicant.
Occasionally, an examination must be passed.
You might want to pursue a commercial loan broker license in multiple states.
2-4. Structure your commissions.
You get paid for your work as a commercial loan broker when a lender accepts your loan proposal. Your commission is calculated as a percentage of the value of the brokered loan. Fees range up to 10 percent of the loan, but are typically between 0.5 and 4 percent. Fee percentages go down as the value of the loan goes up.
Many brokers also charge an application fee, which is typically either $1,000 or $2,000.
Make sure to include your fee structure clearly in your broker agreement.
Fees may be paid by the borrower or lenders depending upon your written agreement.
3. Advancing Your Career
3-1. Build a network of lenders within the banking industry.
Lenders might be banks, credit unions, private lenders or others. Begin building up your lender network before seeking business clients so that you'll already have a list of lenders to choose from when you need it. Contact these institutions and develop relationships with loan officers there. Let them know that you will work to find them suitable borrowers.
Work to identify the types of borrowers that each lender is looking for so that you can easily link them later.
3-2. Market your services.
Get the word out to companies and corporations that you have financing available for commercial loans. Often it's just a matter of contacting the right person at the right time. Stop by businesses and leave your business card and marketing materials. Join civic groups, the Chamber of Commerce or any place where you can make contact with the CEOs and CFOs of businesses in your region. At minimum, you can generate leads by making cold calls.
At first, you will likely have to put up money and time for marketing yourself without receiving much business. As your network and experience grow however, you will start seeing the results of your efforts.
3-3. Qualify business leads.
As you begin contacting and being contacted by businesses in need of loans, figure out a system to qualify those leads. This will help you separate actual prospects from businesses who are just wasting your time. Quickly evaluate their available collateral and creditworthiness to determine which businesses can actually qualify for a loan. If they pass, you can begin searching for an appropriate lender to meet their needs.
3-4. Become an industry expert.
Your clients on both end of the transaction expect you to be an expert on lending regulations and developments. Keep up with changes by reading industry publications, trade journals, financial news, and online blogs. This will help you stay on top of any development you need to know and may help you identify new business opportunities. Educating yourself can help you identify and better serve a particular market niche, which can make your services more valuable.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning How to Broker Commercial Loans\\n1-1. Gain a solid education in finance and business.\\nWhile there are not technically any educational requirements for becoming a commercial loan broker, you will need a solid understanding of finance and accounting to be successful. As a broker, you will be required to understand the workings and specific financing needs of your clients. This means that you will have to know how a business is run and how bookkeeping and accounting records are kept.\\nIn addition, you will need to have an understanding of how to assess the business's finance health so that you can describe this information to lenders.\\nThis information can be learned on your own, but taking at least a couple of college-level courses in finance and accounting will best prepare you for the duties of being a loan broker.\\n1-2. Gain work experience.\\nWork in a financial institution to gain experience and knowledge of the banking industry. There are also commercial loan brokerages that hire brokers and companies or lenders that hire in-house loan brokers. Train with an established commercial loan broker to learn the basics of the industry.\\nTry searching job aggregator sites like Indeed or Monster for loan broker jobs.\\nWhen interviewing for positions, remember that the financial industry is still very conservative. You should wear a suit and arrive neatly groomed.\\n1-3. Decide what type of loan broker you want to become.\\nA commercial loan broker is someone acts as a go-between when businesses are seeking funding. However, there are other types of loan broker that require similar experience but serve different markets. Consider your other options before deciding to focus on commercial loan brokering. For example, there are also:\\n\\nMortgage Brokers. Mortgage broker deal specifically with potential homebuyers looking to find the best mortgage loan. The mortgage brokering market is more tightly regulated than commercial brokering, but can provide ample opportunities for deals.\\n\\nLoan Note Brokers. These brokers connect businesses that are holding outstanding invoices they are looking to sell with investors who buy the notes. This type of brokering requires exceptional analytical and financial skills but can be very lucrative.\\n1-4. Learn how to process a loan.\\nPerfect your process so that you can quickly and easily give a completed file on the client to the lender. Figure out how together the necessary information for a loan, including appraisals, and credit reports. Often, a broker creates spreadsheets to analyze the debt coverage ratio for the client. Practice to become adept at reviewing tax returns and knowing what to look for.\\nBe sure to note any lender requirements like formatting or required information so that your applications are complete and correct.\\n2. Working as a Commercial Loan Broker\\n2-1. Figure out how you will offer your services.\\nDecide whether to work as an independent contractor or at a brokerage firm. Working for a firm will lend you credibility if you don't yet have any of your own, but will also take a portion of your commission. You can also decide what services to offer to your clients.\\nCommercial loan brokers primarily act as middlemen between lenders and businesses seeking loans.\\nA commercial loan broker might also be capable of producing many lenders, sometimes known as wholesalers, to the borrower.\\nIn addition, a loan broker can use his or her knowledge and expertise to counsel a business on what to do about potential lending problems.\\nDoing so can allow you to act as a \\\"consultant,\\\" rather than a \\\"broker.\\\" This label could help your services seem more valuable with some clients.\\n2-2. Investigate on whether you need a license to operate as a commercial loan broker within your state.\\nEach state has a licensing board that can provide this information. You can also check with member organizations in the banking industry or with your local branch of the Small Business Administration. Currently, most states do not require commercial loan brokers to be licensed. However, about 20 states do require some form of license.\\nIt's better to check thoroughly about license requirements than to assume your state does not require a license. There may be financial or criminal penalties involved if you operate without a license where one is required.\\n2-3. Fulfill licensing requirements.\\nCertain requirements must be fulfilled for licensing where it is required. Be prepared to have your fingerprints processed and a criminal background check done. These costs usually fall on the applicant.\\nOccasionally, an examination must be passed.\\nYou might want to pursue a commercial loan broker license in multiple states.\\n2-4. Structure your commissions.\\nYou get paid for your work as a commercial loan broker when a lender accepts your loan proposal. Your commission is calculated as a percentage of the value of the brokered loan. Fees range up to 10 percent of the loan, but are typically between 0.5 and 4 percent. Fee percentages go down as the value of the loan goes up.\\nMany brokers also charge an application fee, which is typically either $1,000 or $2,000.\\nMake sure to include your fee structure clearly in your broker agreement.\\nFees may be paid by the borrower or lenders depending upon your written agreement.\\n3. Advancing Your Career\\n3-1. Build a network of lenders within the banking industry.\\nLenders might be banks, credit unions, private lenders or others. Begin building up your lender network before seeking business clients so that you'll already have a list of lenders to choose from when you need it. Contact these institutions and develop relationships with loan officers there. Let them know that you will work to find them suitable borrowers.\\nWork to identify the types of borrowers that each lender is looking for so that you can easily link them later.\\n3-2. Market your services.\\nGet the word out to companies and corporations that you have financing available for commercial loans. Often it's just a matter of contacting the right person at the right time. Stop by businesses and leave your business card and marketing materials. Join civic groups, the Chamber of Commerce or any place where you can make contact with the CEOs and CFOs of businesses in your region. At minimum, you can generate leads by making cold calls.\\nAt first, you will likely have to put up money and time for marketing yourself without receiving much business. As your network and experience grow however, you will start seeing the results of your efforts.\\n3-3. Qualify business leads.\\nAs you begin contacting and being contacted by businesses in need of loans, figure out a system to qualify those leads. This will help you separate actual prospects from businesses who are just wasting your time. Quickly evaluate their available collateral and creditworthiness to determine which businesses can actually qualify for a loan. If they pass, you can begin searching for an appropriate lender to meet their needs.\\n3-4. Become an industry expert.\\nYour clients on both end of the transaction expect you to be an expert on lending regulations and developments. Keep up with changes by reading industry publications, trade journals, financial news, and online blogs. This will help you stay on top of any development you need to know and may help you identify new business opportunities. Educating yourself can help you identify and better serve a particular market niche, which can make your services more valuable.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The banking industry serves many functions and one of the most important is the business of lending. It's not only people seeking to buy a home that need a loan; it's also commercial clients -- the corporations and companies that want to expand or develop new projects. Sometimes the local bank is unable, or unwilling, to make the necessary loan or sometimes another financial institution can offer better terms. Businesses are helped in achieving their goals by using a commercial loan broker who finds the right lender for a commercial client. People who are interested in a banking career can learn more about how to become a commercial loan broker.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning How to Broker Commercial Loans\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain a solid education in finance and business.\", \"描述\": \"While there are not technically any educational requirements for becoming a commercial loan broker, you will need a solid understanding of finance and accounting to be successful. As a broker, you will be required to understand the workings and specific financing needs of your clients. This means that you will have to know how a business is run and how bookkeeping and accounting records are kept.\\nIn addition, you will need to have an understanding of how to assess the business's finance health so that you can describe this information to lenders.\\nThis information can be learned on your own, but taking at least a couple of college-level courses in finance and accounting will best prepare you for the duties of being a loan broker.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain work experience.\", \"描述\": \"Work in a financial institution to gain experience and knowledge of the banking industry. There are also commercial loan brokerages that hire brokers and companies or lenders that hire in-house loan brokers. Train with an established commercial loan broker to learn the basics of the industry.\\nTry searching job aggregator sites like Indeed or Monster for loan broker jobs.\\nWhen interviewing for positions, remember that the financial industry is still very conservative. You should wear a suit and arrive neatly groomed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide what type of loan broker you want to become.\", \"描述\": \"A commercial loan broker is someone acts as a go-between when businesses are seeking funding. However, there are other types of loan broker that require similar experience but serve different markets. Consider your other options before deciding to focus on commercial loan brokering. For example, there are also:\\n\\nMortgage Brokers. Mortgage broker deal specifically with potential homebuyers looking to find the best mortgage loan. The mortgage brokering market is more tightly regulated than commercial brokering, but can provide ample opportunities for deals.\\n\\nLoan Note Brokers. These brokers connect businesses that are holding outstanding invoices they are looking to sell with investors who buy the notes. This type of brokering requires exceptional analytical and financial skills but can be very lucrative.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn how to process a loan.\", \"描述\": \"Perfect your process so that you can quickly and easily give a completed file on the client to the lender. Figure out how together the necessary information for a loan, including appraisals, and credit reports. Often, a broker creates spreadsheets to analyze the debt coverage ratio for the client. Practice to become adept at reviewing tax returns and knowing what to look for.\\nBe sure to note any lender requirements like formatting or required information so that your applications are complete and correct.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Working as a Commercial Loan Broker\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Figure out how you will offer your services.\", \"描述\": \"Decide whether to work as an independent contractor or at a brokerage firm. Working for a firm will lend you credibility if you don't yet have any of your own, but will also take a portion of your commission. You can also decide what services to offer to your clients.\\nCommercial loan brokers primarily act as middlemen between lenders and businesses seeking loans.\\nA commercial loan broker might also be capable of producing many lenders, sometimes known as wholesalers, to the borrower.\\nIn addition, a loan broker can use his or her knowledge and expertise to counsel a business on what to do about potential lending problems.\\nDoing so can allow you to act as a \\\"consultant,\\\" rather than a \\\"broker.\\\" This label could help your services seem more valuable with some clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Investigate on whether you need a license to operate as a commercial loan broker within your state.\", \"描述\": \"Each state has a licensing board that can provide this information. You can also check with member organizations in the banking industry or with your local branch of the Small Business Administration. Currently, most states do not require commercial loan brokers to be licensed. However, about 20 states do require some form of license.\\nIt's better to check thoroughly about license requirements than to assume your state does not require a license. There may be financial or criminal penalties involved if you operate without a license where one is required.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fulfill licensing requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Certain requirements must be fulfilled for licensing where it is required. Be prepared to have your fingerprints processed and a criminal background check done. These costs usually fall on the applicant.\\nOccasionally, an examination must be passed.\\nYou might want to pursue a commercial loan broker license in multiple states.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Structure your commissions.\", \"描述\": \"You get paid for your work as a commercial loan broker when a lender accepts your loan proposal. Your commission is calculated as a percentage of the value of the brokered loan. Fees range up to 10 percent of the loan, but are typically between 0.5 and 4 percent. Fee percentages go down as the value of the loan goes up.\\nMany brokers also charge an application fee, which is typically either $1,000 or $2,000.\\nMake sure to include your fee structure clearly in your broker agreement.\\nFees may be paid by the borrower or lenders depending upon your written agreement.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build a network of lenders within the banking industry.\", \"描述\": \"Lenders might be banks, credit unions, private lenders or others. Begin building up your lender network before seeking business clients so that you'll already have a list of lenders to choose from when you need it. Contact these institutions and develop relationships with loan officers there. Let them know that you will work to find them suitable borrowers.\\nWork to identify the types of borrowers that each lender is looking for so that you can easily link them later.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Market your services.\", \"描述\": \"Get the word out to companies and corporations that you have financing available for commercial loans. Often it's just a matter of contacting the right person at the right time. Stop by businesses and leave your business card and marketing materials. Join civic groups, the Chamber of Commerce or any place where you can make contact with the CEOs and CFOs of businesses in your region. At minimum, you can generate leads by making cold calls.\\nAt first, you will likely have to put up money and time for marketing yourself without receiving much business. As your network and experience grow however, you will start seeing the results of your efforts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Qualify business leads.\", \"描述\": \"As you begin contacting and being contacted by businesses in need of loans, figure out a system to qualify those leads. This will help you separate actual prospects from businesses who are just wasting your time. Quickly evaluate their available collateral and creditworthiness to determine which businesses can actually qualify for a loan. If they pass, you can begin searching for an appropriate lender to meet their needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become an industry expert.\", \"描述\": \"Your clients on both end of the transaction expect you to be an expert on lending regulations and developments. Keep up with changes by reading industry publications, trade journals, financial news, and online blogs. This will help you stay on top of any development you need to know and may help you identify new business opportunities. Educating yourself can help you identify and better serve a particular market niche, which can make your services more valuable.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,287 |
How to Become a Commercial Loan Officer
|
1. Steps
1-1. Know what the duties of a commercial loan officer are.
Unlike other banking careers, the commercial loan officer often works outside of the office, calling on potential businesses.
Loan officers help commercial clients through the loan application process.
In addition to gathering information, this process may include addressing potential lending problems.
Commercial loan officers who work for mortgage brokers may also process the loan.
A commercial loan officer is often paid on commission, usually 1/2 of 1 percent of the amount of the loan.
1-2. Graduate with a bachelor's degree in finance, business, economics or something related.
1-3. Gain experience in the banking industry or sales before embarking on a commercial loan officer career.
Useful skills include doing financial statements, business accounting and cash flow analysis.
1-4. Obtain a license, a fairly recent federal requirement, if you will also be operating as a mortgage loan officer.
Federal licensing requires 20 hours of education in lending, passing an examination and successfully undergoing a background check.
Individual states may have additional licensing requirements for loan officers.
Loan officers must meet continuing education requirements to continue licensure.
1-5. Check with a banking association for available lending education programs and continuing education.
For example, the Bank Administration Institute of the American Bankers Association offers a Loan Review Certificate program.
Private business schools are another resource.
1-6. Prepare yourself for on-the-job training as a commercial loan officer.
1-7. Work well with others by using appropriate communication and social skills.
Loan officers often have to attend social functions as a representative of the bank. This is a good way to make contacts with future clients.
1-8. Demonstrate an above average skill level with computers and technology, including financial software.
As loan officers often work in the field, they need to rely on laptops and cell phones to obtain current information and to maintain contact with their employer and potential clients.
1-9. Contact businesses about lending needs.
Commercial real estate agencies are also a good resource for the commercial loan officer.
1-10. Meet with potential borrowers to obtain preliminary information regarding loan needs and their ability to repay loans.
Be available to answer questions and help with the loan application.
1-11. Analyze loan applications to determine whether the business is a good loan risk.
Verify application information.
Check a borrower's credit history with underwriting software, but understand that most commercial loans require additional financial information.
Consult with bank managers to determine whether a loan should be granted.
Tips
In the case of very large loans, you may need to work with multiple lenders to put together a loan package.
If you are a one-person brokerage firm, you may have to function as a commercial loan officer and a broker.
Warnings
Licensed commercial loan officers can't have a felony conviction.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Know what the duties of a commercial loan officer are.\\nUnlike other banking careers, the commercial loan officer often works outside of the office, calling on potential businesses.\\nLoan officers help commercial clients through the loan application process.\\nIn addition to gathering information, this process may include addressing potential lending problems.\\nCommercial loan officers who work for mortgage brokers may also process the loan.\\nA commercial loan officer is often paid on commission, usually 1/2 of 1 percent of the amount of the loan.\\n1-2. Graduate with a bachelor's degree in finance, business, economics or something related.\\n\\n1-3. Gain experience in the banking industry or sales before embarking on a commercial loan officer career.\\nUseful skills include doing financial statements, business accounting and cash flow analysis.\\n1-4. Obtain a license, a fairly recent federal requirement, if you will also be operating as a mortgage loan officer.\\nFederal licensing requires 20 hours of education in lending, passing an examination and successfully undergoing a background check. \\nIndividual states may have additional licensing requirements for loan officers.\\nLoan officers must meet continuing education requirements to continue licensure.\\n1-5. Check with a banking association for available lending education programs and continuing education.\\nFor example, the Bank Administration Institute of the American Bankers Association offers a Loan Review Certificate program. \\nPrivate business schools are another resource.\\n1-6. Prepare yourself for on-the-job training as a commercial loan officer.\\n\\n1-7. Work well with others by using appropriate communication and social skills.\\nLoan officers often have to attend social functions as a representative of the bank. This is a good way to make contacts with future clients.\\n1-8. Demonstrate an above average skill level with computers and technology, including financial software.\\nAs loan officers often work in the field, they need to rely on laptops and cell phones to obtain current information and to maintain contact with their employer and potential clients.\\n1-9. Contact businesses about lending needs.\\nCommercial real estate agencies are also a good resource for the commercial loan officer.\\n1-10. Meet with potential borrowers to obtain preliminary information regarding loan needs and their ability to repay loans.\\nBe available to answer questions and help with the loan application.\\n1-11. Analyze loan applications to determine whether the business is a good loan risk.\\nVerify application information.\\nCheck a borrower's credit history with underwriting software, but understand that most commercial loans require additional financial information.\\nConsult with bank managers to determine whether a loan should be granted.\\nTips\\nIn the case of very large loans, you may need to work with multiple lenders to put together a loan package.\\nIf you are a one-person brokerage firm, you may have to function as a commercial loan officer and a broker.\\nWarnings\\nLicensed commercial loan officers can't have a felony conviction.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Finding loans for businesses can be rewarding for the business and the commercial loan officer. This banking career involves selling knowledge, expertise and loans to potential business clients. Most loan officers work for financial institutions within the banking industry. Learn how to become a commercial loan officer for a rewarding banking career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what the duties of a commercial loan officer are.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike other banking careers, the commercial loan officer often works outside of the office, calling on potential businesses.\\nLoan officers help commercial clients through the loan application process.\\nIn addition to gathering information, this process may include addressing potential lending problems.\\nCommercial loan officers who work for mortgage brokers may also process the loan.\\nA commercial loan officer is often paid on commission, usually 1/2 of 1 percent of the amount of the loan.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Graduate with a bachelor's degree in finance, business, economics or something related.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain experience in the banking industry or sales before embarking on a commercial loan officer career.\", \"描述\": \"Useful skills include doing financial statements, business accounting and cash flow analysis.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain a license, a fairly recent federal requirement, if you will also be operating as a mortgage loan officer.\", \"描述\": \"Federal licensing requires 20 hours of education in lending, passing an examination and successfully undergoing a background check. \\nIndividual states may have additional licensing requirements for loan officers.\\nLoan officers must meet continuing education requirements to continue licensure.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check with a banking association for available lending education programs and continuing education.\", \"描述\": \"For example, the Bank Administration Institute of the American Bankers Association offers a Loan Review Certificate program. \\nPrivate business schools are another resource.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare yourself for on-the-job training as a commercial loan officer.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Work well with others by using appropriate communication and social skills.\", \"描述\": \"Loan officers often have to attend social functions as a representative of the bank. This is a good way to make contacts with future clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate an above average skill level with computers and technology, including financial software.\", \"描述\": \"As loan officers often work in the field, they need to rely on laptops and cell phones to obtain current information and to maintain contact with their employer and potential clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Contact businesses about lending needs.\", \"描述\": \"Commercial real estate agencies are also a good resource for the commercial loan officer.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Meet with potential borrowers to obtain preliminary information regarding loan needs and their ability to repay loans.\", \"描述\": \"Be available to answer questions and help with the loan application.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Analyze loan applications to determine whether the business is a good loan risk.\", \"描述\": \"Verify application information.\\nCheck a borrower's credit history with underwriting software, but understand that most commercial loans require additional financial information.\\nConsult with bank managers to determine whether a loan should be granted.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"In the case of very large loans, you may need to work with multiple lenders to put together a loan package.\\n\", \"If you are a one-person brokerage firm, you may have to function as a commercial loan officer and a broker.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Licensed commercial loan officers can't have a felony conviction.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,288 |
How to Become a Computer Scientist
|
1. Starting out
1-1. Become a lifelong learner.
Being a computer scientist is all about learning to be a student, not just during training, but for all time throughout your career. Technology changes, new languages develop, new algorithms are devised: you need to be able to learn new things to stay current.
1-2. Understand your future role.
As a computer scientist, it is your job to solve problems. It is also about solving problems in a way which can leave everyone happy in the end. This means learning good communication skills as well as coding skills because you are more likely to match the needs of your client with the apt solution if you listen well and relay back your understandings clearly, as well as keep the client informed during the project.
2. Writing pseudocode
2-1. Start with pseudocode.
Pseudocode isn't really a programming language, but it is a way to represent a program in a very English-like way. The most familiar algorithm to you is probably on your shampoo bottle: Lather, rinse, repeat. This is an algorithm. It is understandable by you (the "Computing Agent") and has a finite number of steps. Or does it ...
2-2. Tweak the pseudocode.
The shampoo example isn't a very good algorithm for two reasons: it doesn't have a condition to end on, and it doesn't really tell you what to repeat. Repeat lathering? Or just the rinsing. A better example would be "Step 1 - Lather. Step 2 - Rinse. Step 3 - Repeat steps 1 and 2(2 or 3 times for better results) and then finish(exit)." This is understandable by you, has an end condition (a finite number of steps), and is very explicit.
3. Writing algorithms
3-1. Try writing algorithms for all sorts of things.
For example, how to get from one building to another on campus, or how to make a casserole. Soon, you'll be seeing algorithms all over the place!
3-2. After you've learned how to write algorithms, programming should come naturally to you.
Buy a book, and read it entirely to learn the language. Avoid online tutorials as they're often written by hobbyists, not professionals.
However, feel free to look for help on the internet. Object-oriented languages like Java and C++ are "in" right now, but Procedural languages like C are easier to start with because they deal solely in algorithms.
3-3. Programming is only the translation of pseudocode into a programming language.
The more time before programming you spend planning in pseudocode, the less time you'll spend typing and scratching your head.
4. Algorithm analysis
4-1. Read up on RAM (the random access machine).
One of the best places to start is by reading Steven Skiena's book The algorithm design manual.
4-2. Learn about the limiting behavior of functions.
Read up on Big O notation.
4-3. Read about how worst case inputs can break your algorithm or cost you heavily in CPU processing time.
It is important to learn what ways can efficiently counteract them.
Tips
The field of computer science branches out to many different fields such as computer design and development, databases, computer security, or computer languages just to name a few. Therefore it would wise to focus on a one or maybe a few more if they interest you.
After learning one programming language, learning another within the same paradigm is easy because you're still only translating the pseudocode into an actual language.
A whiteboard is a great place to write algorithms.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:38",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Starting out\\n1-1. Become a lifelong learner.\\nBeing a computer scientist is all about learning to be a student, not just during training, but for all time throughout your career. Technology changes, new languages develop, new algorithms are devised: you need to be able to learn new things to stay current.\\n1-2. Understand your future role.\\nAs a computer scientist, it is your job to solve problems. It is also about solving problems in a way which can leave everyone happy in the end. This means learning good communication skills as well as coding skills because you are more likely to match the needs of your client with the apt solution if you listen well and relay back your understandings clearly, as well as keep the client informed during the project.\\n2. Writing pseudocode\\n2-1. Start with pseudocode.\\nPseudocode isn't really a programming language, but it is a way to represent a program in a very English-like way. The most familiar algorithm to you is probably on your shampoo bottle: Lather, rinse, repeat. This is an algorithm. It is understandable by you (the \\\"Computing Agent\\\") and has a finite number of steps. Or does it ...\\n2-2. Tweak the pseudocode.\\nThe shampoo example isn't a very good algorithm for two reasons: it doesn't have a condition to end on, and it doesn't really tell you what to repeat. Repeat lathering? Or just the rinsing. A better example would be \\\"Step 1 - Lather. Step 2 - Rinse. Step 3 - Repeat steps 1 and 2(2 or 3 times for better results) and then finish(exit).\\\" This is understandable by you, has an end condition (a finite number of steps), and is very explicit.\\n3. Writing algorithms\\n3-1. Try writing algorithms for all sorts of things.\\nFor example, how to get from one building to another on campus, or how to make a casserole. Soon, you'll be seeing algorithms all over the place!\\n3-2. After you've learned how to write algorithms, programming should come naturally to you.\\nBuy a book, and read it entirely to learn the language. Avoid online tutorials as they're often written by hobbyists, not professionals.\\nHowever, feel free to look for help on the internet. Object-oriented languages like Java and C++ are \\\"in\\\" right now, but Procedural languages like C are easier to start with because they deal solely in algorithms.\\n3-3. Programming is only the translation of pseudocode into a programming language.\\nThe more time before programming you spend planning in pseudocode, the less time you'll spend typing and scratching your head.\\n4. Algorithm analysis\\n4-1. Read up on RAM (the random access machine).\\nOne of the best places to start is by reading Steven Skiena's book The algorithm design manual.\\n4-2. Learn about the limiting behavior of functions.\\nRead up on Big O notation.\\n4-3. Read about how worst case inputs can break your algorithm or cost you heavily in CPU processing time.\\nIt is important to learn what ways can efficiently counteract them.\\nTips\\nThe field of computer science branches out to many different fields such as computer design and development, databases, computer security, or computer languages just to name a few. Therefore it would wise to focus on a one or maybe a few more if they interest you.\\nAfter learning one programming language, learning another within the same paradigm is easy because you're still only translating the pseudocode into an actual language.\\nA whiteboard is a great place to write algorithms.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a Computer Scientist is not about programming; it is about the study of algorithms (a series of steps, understood by someone or something, in order to complete a task in a given number of steps). Many Computer Scientists don't program at all. Indeed, Edsger Dijkstra once said “Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes.”\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Starting out\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a lifelong learner.\", \"描述\": \"Being a computer scientist is all about learning to be a student, not just during training, but for all time throughout your career. Technology changes, new languages develop, new algorithms are devised: you need to be able to learn new things to stay current.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand your future role.\", \"描述\": \"As a computer scientist, it is your job to solve problems. It is also about solving problems in a way which can leave everyone happy in the end. This means learning good communication skills as well as coding skills because you are more likely to match the needs of your client with the apt solution if you listen well and relay back your understandings clearly, as well as keep the client informed during the project.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing pseudocode\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with pseudocode.\", \"描述\": \"Pseudocode isn't really a programming language, but it is a way to represent a program in a very English-like way. The most familiar algorithm to you is probably on your shampoo bottle: Lather, rinse, repeat. This is an algorithm. It is understandable by you (the \\\"Computing Agent\\\") and has a finite number of steps. Or does it ...\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tweak the pseudocode.\", \"描述\": \"The shampoo example isn't a very good algorithm for two reasons: it doesn't have a condition to end on, and it doesn't really tell you what to repeat. Repeat lathering? Or just the rinsing. A better example would be \\\"Step 1 - Lather. Step 2 - Rinse. Step 3 - Repeat steps 1 and 2(2 or 3 times for better results) and then finish(exit).\\\" This is understandable by you, has an end condition (a finite number of steps), and is very explicit.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Writing algorithms\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try writing algorithms for all sorts of things.\", \"描述\": \"For example, how to get from one building to another on campus, or how to make a casserole. Soon, you'll be seeing algorithms all over the place!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"After you've learned how to write algorithms, programming should come naturally to you.\", \"描述\": \"Buy a book, and read it entirely to learn the language. Avoid online tutorials as they're often written by hobbyists, not professionals.\\nHowever, feel free to look for help on the internet. Object-oriented languages like Java and C++ are \\\"in\\\" right now, but Procedural languages like C are easier to start with because they deal solely in algorithms.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Programming is only the translation of pseudocode into a programming language.\", \"描述\": \"The more time before programming you spend planning in pseudocode, the less time you'll spend typing and scratching your head.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Algorithm analysis\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read up on RAM (the random access machine).\", \"描述\": \"One of the best places to start is by reading Steven Skiena's book The algorithm design manual.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about the limiting behavior of functions.\", \"描述\": \"Read up on Big O notation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read about how worst case inputs can break your algorithm or cost you heavily in CPU processing time.\", \"描述\": \"It is important to learn what ways can efficiently counteract them.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The field of computer science branches out to many different fields such as computer design and development, databases, computer security, or computer languages just to name a few. Therefore it would wise to focus on a one or maybe a few more if they interest you.\\n\", \"After learning one programming language, learning another within the same paradigm is easy because you're still only translating the pseudocode into an actual language.\\n\", \"A whiteboard is a great place to write algorithms.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,289 |
How to Become a Concierge
|
1. Gaining Experience
1-1. Earn at least a high school diploma.
Concierge jobs generally do not require a college degree. The minimum requirement for most positions is a high school diploma. An associate's or bachelor's degree in tourism, hospitality, or hotel management may be helpful for better paying jobs.
Some community colleges may offer a certificate in hospitality. This takes less time than an associate's degree, but it still looks good on a resume.
1-2. Take a tourism or hospitality course.
If you want to improve your knowledge of the tourism industry, check local universities and community colleges for classes in hospitality or hotel management. You may even be able to take an online course.
National organizations, like the National Association of Professional Organizers or Les Clefs d'Ors, may also offer courses.
1-3. Experience your community like a tourist would.
To offer your guests honest advice, you will need to know about all of the amenities and services your local area offers. Eat at various restaurants, and visit local attractions. Repeat this every six to twelve months after you get a job, so that you understand what's trendy and new. You should research local:
Restaurants.
Museums.
Spas.
Gyms.
Grocery stores.
Parks.
Theaters.
Shopping.
1-4. Find work within the hospitality or tourism sector.
If you do not have any experience in tourism, you may want to find a part-time job in other service sectors. This will give you some experience that may help when applying to be a concierge. Some jobs that may be relevant include:
Hotel receptionist.
Tour guide.
Valet.
Personal assistant.
Hotel or restaurant manager.
2. Applying for a Job
2-1. Tailor your resume to the job description.
Write your resume specifically for the job of concierge. To do this, read over concierge job descriptions, and make your experience fit the requirements. Emphasize strong skills in communication, multitasking, and time management.
On your resume, highlight any experience in tourism, customer service, or management.
If you speak another language, make sure you indicate how fluent you are. You might indicate if you are a native speaker, completely fluent, or just conversational.
2-2. Apply for jobs at hotels and other service corporations.
Most concierges work at hotels, although jobs will occasionally appear at travel agencies, office buildings, apartment buildings, and cruise ships. You may even find job listings for private clients.
You can look for these jobs both on specialized hotel or tourism job boards or on general career websites, like Monster or Indeed.
2-3. Ace the interview.
The interview is a great opportunity for you to demonstrate your strong communication and interpersonal skills. The interviewer may ask questions about your previous experience in tourism, ability to interact with guests, and problem solving skills. Some potential interview questions include:
How would you handle a difficult or angry guest? You might give an example of how you handled such guests, customers, or clients in the past. Emphasize how calm and rational you were in the situation.
Have you ever had any unusual requests in the past? How did you respond? Choose a story where you solved the problem to everyone's satisfaction. If you have no experience in hotels, you might talk about when a coworker, boss, or friend asked for something difficult.
What tours, restaurants, or activities would you recommend in this area? Pretend the recruiter is a guest in this situation. Give them at least three good recommendations.
Can you work nights and weekends? Be honest with this question, as the recruiters may be looking for someone to fill specific hours.
3. Performing the Job Well
3-1. Greet people as they enter the building.
Concierges typically work in the reception or lobby of a building. You should welcome guests as they enter in a friendly and upbeat manner. If it looks as if they need help with anything, offer your services.
You can say, "Welcome to our hotel! Is there anything I can assist you with?"
3-2. Prepare to answer any question guests might have.
It is your job to make sure that any questions that a guest has can be answered. While most people will ask for local recommendations, be prepared to answer almost anything.
Common questions include:
“Where is a good place to eat?”
“Where can I exercise or run?”
“What activities are good to do with children?”
“Where can I do laundry?"
More unusual questions might include:
“Where can I watch international sports games?”
"Is it possible to get a private viewing of the museum?"
"Can you get us backstage passes to a concert?"
If you are ever asked to do something illegal or immoral, respond politely, “I'm sorry, but I cannot arrange that for you.”
3-3. Fulfill requests as asked.
Concierges may be asked to run errands for guests, or they may need to fill in at the reception desk occasionally. Be prepared to do whatever task is asked of you. Some common requests that you might encounter include:
Calling a cab for guests.
Ordering or picking up food to be sent up to guests' rooms.
Making airline or car rental reservations.
Picking up flowers, balloons, or other celebratory items.
Buying theater or event tickets.
3-4. Ask the guests questions to learn what they want.
Every guest is different. When your guest requests a recommendation, ask them questions about what types of food, atmosphere, experience, and activities they enjoy.
For example, if you are asked for a restaurant recommendation, ask the guest, “What type of food are you in the mood for? Will there be children coming? Are you interested in live music while you eat?”
If they ask you for an activity recommendation, you might ask, “Do you want to be outdoors or inside? Do you enjoy cultural activities like art and theater? How much do you want to spend?"
3-5. Get certification if you want to qualify for higher paid jobs.
Once you have your first job, you can apply for certification. While not required for most jobs, higher paid positions at four or five star hotels may only be open to certified concierges. Certifying organizations include the Les Clefs d'Or and the National Concierge Association.
While it varies from organization to organization, certification usually involves completing a course and taking an exam.
Some organizations, such as the Society of the Golden Keys, require you to be sponsored by an already certified member.
Tips
Once you get a job, check to see what restaurants, gyms, and activities are in the immediate area of the hotel, so that you can tell guests what is close.
Continue to stay knowledgeable about new attractions or other services offered in your area.
Stay abreast of changes so you do not send hotel guests or others to a place that no longer exists or is closed for renovations.
Warnings
Do not give a recommendation on anything you are not sure about. If you are wrong, the client will not trust your judgment and may complain to others about your inabilities.
If a client asks for your assistance or advice on an activity that you are not comfortable with or that is against the law, do not hesitate to decline.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Earn at least a high school diploma.\\nConcierge jobs generally do not require a college degree. The minimum requirement for most positions is a high school diploma. An associate's or bachelor's degree in tourism, hospitality, or hotel management may be helpful for better paying jobs.\\nSome community colleges may offer a certificate in hospitality. This takes less time than an associate's degree, but it still looks good on a resume.\\n1-2. Take a tourism or hospitality course.\\nIf you want to improve your knowledge of the tourism industry, check local universities and community colleges for classes in hospitality or hotel management. You may even be able to take an online course.\\nNational organizations, like the National Association of Professional Organizers or Les Clefs d'Ors, may also offer courses.\\n1-3. Experience your community like a tourist would.\\nTo offer your guests honest advice, you will need to know about all of the amenities and services your local area offers. Eat at various restaurants, and visit local attractions. Repeat this every six to twelve months after you get a job, so that you understand what's trendy and new. You should research local:\\nRestaurants.\\nMuseums.\\nSpas.\\nGyms.\\nGrocery stores.\\nParks.\\nTheaters.\\nShopping.\\n1-4. Find work within the hospitality or tourism sector.\\nIf you do not have any experience in tourism, you may want to find a part-time job in other service sectors. This will give you some experience that may help when applying to be a concierge. Some jobs that may be relevant include:\\nHotel receptionist.\\nTour guide.\\nValet.\\nPersonal assistant.\\nHotel or restaurant manager.\\n2. Applying for a Job\\n2-1. Tailor your resume to the job description.\\nWrite your resume specifically for the job of concierge. To do this, read over concierge job descriptions, and make your experience fit the requirements. Emphasize strong skills in communication, multitasking, and time management.\\nOn your resume, highlight any experience in tourism, customer service, or management.\\nIf you speak another language, make sure you indicate how fluent you are. You might indicate if you are a native speaker, completely fluent, or just conversational.\\n2-2. Apply for jobs at hotels and other service corporations.\\nMost concierges work at hotels, although jobs will occasionally appear at travel agencies, office buildings, apartment buildings, and cruise ships. You may even find job listings for private clients.\\nYou can look for these jobs both on specialized hotel or tourism job boards or on general career websites, like Monster or Indeed.\\n2-3. Ace the interview.\\nThe interview is a great opportunity for you to demonstrate your strong communication and interpersonal skills. The interviewer may ask questions about your previous experience in tourism, ability to interact with guests, and problem solving skills. Some potential interview questions include:\\nHow would you handle a difficult or angry guest? You might give an example of how you handled such guests, customers, or clients in the past. Emphasize how calm and rational you were in the situation.\\nHave you ever had any unusual requests in the past? How did you respond? Choose a story where you solved the problem to everyone's satisfaction. If you have no experience in hotels, you might talk about when a coworker, boss, or friend asked for something difficult.\\nWhat tours, restaurants, or activities would you recommend in this area? Pretend the recruiter is a guest in this situation. Give them at least three good recommendations.\\nCan you work nights and weekends? Be honest with this question, as the recruiters may be looking for someone to fill specific hours.\\n3. Performing the Job Well\\n3-1. Greet people as they enter the building.\\nConcierges typically work in the reception or lobby of a building. You should welcome guests as they enter in a friendly and upbeat manner. If it looks as if they need help with anything, offer your services.\\nYou can say, \\\"Welcome to our hotel! Is there anything I can assist you with?\\\"\\n3-2. Prepare to answer any question guests might have.\\nIt is your job to make sure that any questions that a guest has can be answered. While most people will ask for local recommendations, be prepared to answer almost anything.\\nCommon questions include:\\n“Where is a good place to eat?”\\n“Where can I exercise or run?”\\n“What activities are good to do with children?”\\n“Where can I do laundry?\\\"\\n\\nMore unusual questions might include:\\n“Where can I watch international sports games?”\\n\\\"Is it possible to get a private viewing of the museum?\\\"\\n\\\"Can you get us backstage passes to a concert?\\\"\\n\\nIf you are ever asked to do something illegal or immoral, respond politely, “I'm sorry, but I cannot arrange that for you.”\\n3-3. Fulfill requests as asked.\\nConcierges may be asked to run errands for guests, or they may need to fill in at the reception desk occasionally. Be prepared to do whatever task is asked of you. Some common requests that you might encounter include:\\nCalling a cab for guests.\\nOrdering or picking up food to be sent up to guests' rooms.\\nMaking airline or car rental reservations.\\nPicking up flowers, balloons, or other celebratory items.\\nBuying theater or event tickets.\\n3-4. Ask the guests questions to learn what they want.\\nEvery guest is different. When your guest requests a recommendation, ask them questions about what types of food, atmosphere, experience, and activities they enjoy.\\nFor example, if you are asked for a restaurant recommendation, ask the guest, “What type of food are you in the mood for? Will there be children coming? Are you interested in live music while you eat?”\\nIf they ask you for an activity recommendation, you might ask, “Do you want to be outdoors or inside? Do you enjoy cultural activities like art and theater? How much do you want to spend?\\\"\\n3-5. Get certification if you want to qualify for higher paid jobs.\\nOnce you have your first job, you can apply for certification. While not required for most jobs, higher paid positions at four or five star hotels may only be open to certified concierges. Certifying organizations include the Les Clefs d'Or and the National Concierge Association.\\nWhile it varies from organization to organization, certification usually involves completing a course and taking an exam.\\nSome organizations, such as the Society of the Golden Keys, require you to be sponsored by an already certified member.\\nTips\\nOnce you get a job, check to see what restaurants, gyms, and activities are in the immediate area of the hotel, so that you can tell guests what is close.\\nContinue to stay knowledgeable about new attractions or other services offered in your area.\\nStay abreast of changes so you do not send hotel guests or others to a place that no longer exists or is closed for renovations.\\nWarnings\\nDo not give a recommendation on anything you are not sure about. If you are wrong, the client will not trust your judgment and may complain to others about your inabilities.\\nIf a client asks for your assistance or advice on an activity that you are not comfortable with or that is against the law, do not hesitate to decline.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A concierge acts as a local expert for guests at hotels. A good concierge can fulfill any request or answer any question that guests might have. If you want to become a concierge, only a high school diploma is required. Good communication skills and flexibility are a must as well as a thorough knowledge of the local area. Experience in tourism and service industries is also helpful when applying. If you are passionate and eager to work with others, you may find that being a concierge is the perfect job for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn at least a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"Concierge jobs generally do not require a college degree. The minimum requirement for most positions is a high school diploma. An associate's or bachelor's degree in tourism, hospitality, or hotel management may be helpful for better paying jobs.\\nSome community colleges may offer a certificate in hospitality. This takes less time than an associate's degree, but it still looks good on a resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take a tourism or hospitality course.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to improve your knowledge of the tourism industry, check local universities and community colleges for classes in hospitality or hotel management. You may even be able to take an online course.\\nNational organizations, like the National Association of Professional Organizers or Les Clefs d'Ors, may also offer courses.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Experience your community like a tourist would.\", \"描述\": \"To offer your guests honest advice, you will need to know about all of the amenities and services your local area offers. Eat at various restaurants, and visit local attractions. Repeat this every six to twelve months after you get a job, so that you understand what's trendy and new. You should research local:\\nRestaurants.\\nMuseums.\\nSpas.\\nGyms.\\nGrocery stores.\\nParks.\\nTheaters.\\nShopping.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find work within the hospitality or tourism sector.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not have any experience in tourism, you may want to find a part-time job in other service sectors. This will give you some experience that may help when applying to be a concierge. Some jobs that may be relevant include:\\nHotel receptionist.\\nTour guide.\\nValet.\\nPersonal assistant.\\nHotel or restaurant manager.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tailor your resume to the job description.\", \"描述\": \"Write your resume specifically for the job of concierge. To do this, read over concierge job descriptions, and make your experience fit the requirements. Emphasize strong skills in communication, multitasking, and time management.\\nOn your resume, highlight any experience in tourism, customer service, or management.\\nIf you speak another language, make sure you indicate how fluent you are. You might indicate if you are a native speaker, completely fluent, or just conversational.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs at hotels and other service corporations.\", \"描述\": \"Most concierges work at hotels, although jobs will occasionally appear at travel agencies, office buildings, apartment buildings, and cruise ships. You may even find job listings for private clients.\\nYou can look for these jobs both on specialized hotel or tourism job boards or on general career websites, like Monster or Indeed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ace the interview.\", \"描述\": \"The interview is a great opportunity for you to demonstrate your strong communication and interpersonal skills. The interviewer may ask questions about your previous experience in tourism, ability to interact with guests, and problem solving skills. Some potential interview questions include:\\nHow would you handle a difficult or angry guest? You might give an example of how you handled such guests, customers, or clients in the past. Emphasize how calm and rational you were in the situation.\\nHave you ever had any unusual requests in the past? How did you respond? Choose a story where you solved the problem to everyone's satisfaction. If you have no experience in hotels, you might talk about when a coworker, boss, or friend asked for something difficult.\\nWhat tours, restaurants, or activities would you recommend in this area? Pretend the recruiter is a guest in this situation. Give them at least three good recommendations.\\nCan you work nights and weekends? Be honest with this question, as the recruiters may be looking for someone to fill specific hours.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Performing the Job Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Greet people as they enter the building.\", \"描述\": \"Concierges typically work in the reception or lobby of a building. You should welcome guests as they enter in a friendly and upbeat manner. If it looks as if they need help with anything, offer your services.\\nYou can say, \\\"Welcome to our hotel! Is there anything I can assist you with?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare to answer any question guests might have.\", \"描述\": \"It is your job to make sure that any questions that a guest has can be answered. While most people will ask for local recommendations, be prepared to answer almost anything.\\nCommon questions include:\\n“Where is a good place to eat?”\\n“Where can I exercise or run?”\\n“What activities are good to do with children?”\\n“Where can I do laundry?\\\"\\n\\nMore unusual questions might include:\\n“Where can I watch international sports games?”\\n\\\"Is it possible to get a private viewing of the museum?\\\"\\n\\\"Can you get us backstage passes to a concert?\\\"\\n\\nIf you are ever asked to do something illegal or immoral, respond politely, “I'm sorry, but I cannot arrange that for you.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fulfill requests as asked.\", \"描述\": \"Concierges may be asked to run errands for guests, or they may need to fill in at the reception desk occasionally. Be prepared to do whatever task is asked of you. Some common requests that you might encounter include:\\nCalling a cab for guests.\\nOrdering or picking up food to be sent up to guests' rooms.\\nMaking airline or car rental reservations.\\nPicking up flowers, balloons, or other celebratory items.\\nBuying theater or event tickets.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask the guests questions to learn what they want.\", \"描述\": \"Every guest is different. When your guest requests a recommendation, ask them questions about what types of food, atmosphere, experience, and activities they enjoy.\\nFor example, if you are asked for a restaurant recommendation, ask the guest, “What type of food are you in the mood for? Will there be children coming? Are you interested in live music while you eat?”\\nIf they ask you for an activity recommendation, you might ask, “Do you want to be outdoors or inside? Do you enjoy cultural activities like art and theater? How much do you want to spend?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get certification if you want to qualify for higher paid jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have your first job, you can apply for certification. While not required for most jobs, higher paid positions at four or five star hotels may only be open to certified concierges. Certifying organizations include the Les Clefs d'Or and the National Concierge Association.\\nWhile it varies from organization to organization, certification usually involves completing a course and taking an exam.\\nSome organizations, such as the Society of the Golden Keys, require you to be sponsored by an already certified member.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Once you get a job, check to see what restaurants, gyms, and activities are in the immediate area of the hotel, so that you can tell guests what is close.\\n\", \"Continue to stay knowledgeable about new attractions or other services offered in your area.\\n\", \"Stay abreast of changes so you do not send hotel guests or others to a place that no longer exists or is closed for renovations.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not give a recommendation on anything you are not sure about. If you are wrong, the client will not trust your judgment and may complain to others about your inabilities.\\n\", \"If a client asks for your assistance or advice on an activity that you are not comfortable with or that is against the law, do not hesitate to decline.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,290 |
How to Become a Congressperson
|
1. Establishing the Basic Credentials
1-1. Make sure you qualify for the House or Senate.
To be a congressperson, you can either run for the House of Representatives or the Senate. There are certain basic qualifications you must meet for both, including age qualifications. Make sure you meet those before you attempt to run.
To run for the House of Representatives, you must be at least 25 years old. You must have been a United States citizen for at least seven years. You must also be a resident of the state and district you're representing at the time you file your petition.
To run for Senate, you must be at least 30 years old. You must have been a citizen for at least nine years. You must also live in the state you want to represent in the Senate.
1-2. Follow the right educational path.
The majority of United States congresspeople have at least a bachelor's degree. Many others have higher degrees in fields like law and business. When exploring your career path, think about different routes you could take that would eventually lead to a career in politics.
Many senators and congresspeople have degrees in business and law. It may be worth it to get a law degree (Commonly known as the Juris Doctor Degree) or MBA in addition to a bachelor's degree in business or pre-law. You can also try broader degrees, like political science, philosophy, and business, and then pursue a law degree. A few years of experience as a lawyer or businessperson may help with a political career. This is to run for Congress, however, it is very recommended to help you gain experience in the related field.
However, not every congressperson pursues a business or law before politics. You can pursue a political career straight out of college. Think about pursuing a degree like a political science degree, or a degree in something like public policy or international relations, and launching your career from there.
1-3. Gain early experience.
You want to get the proper skills for a career in politics. Things like leadership, public speaking, and fundraising are key. It can be hard to land a politically-related job right out of high school or college. However, there are many ways you can get early experience to help your resume down the road.
Volunteer. Volunteering is easy to do and can help you gain much of the necessary experience to be a congressperson. You can, for example, volunteer for a local political party. Try to help out with things like fundraising or community organizing. You can also take on a leadership role in the organization.
Look into working for local charities. Whether it's volunteering or taking a part time paid position, charity work can be great for a political resume. It usually involves things like fundraising and interacting with the public.
Seek out internship experience while you're still in school. Experience interning for a local political party can look great on your resume.
1-4. Get involved in your local community.
In politics, it's often who you know that matters when it comes to career success. Making small connections with your local community can pay off down the road. Also, community involvement helps teach you skills you can use later in your political career.
Get involved with organizations that are personally meaningful to you. Every congressperson runs on a particular platform, and you will want to show early commitment to that platform.
For example, if religion is important to you, take a leadership position in your church. Join the vestry. If education is important to you, see if you can find a position on the local school board or PTA.
2. Breaking Into Politics
2-1. Work in politics locally.
Most successful Congresspeople started out serving their local community. Before attempting to run for a national office, look for ways to become a leader in your local political arena.
You can try taking on a leadership position in a local political party. For example, volunteer to become the treasurer for your local Democrat or Republican party.
You can also run for a local office. Requirements will vary from state-to-state, and between specific counties, so you'll have to check with a local courthouse. However, running for, say, the local city council could help you become established in politics.
Simply volunteering is also key. Often, you can get your foot in the door with local politics just by being a loyal volunteer. During election seasons, for example, offer to help with fundraising or to make phone calls.
2-2. Pick a political party early on.
Having party support can help you get elected. Most people elected to Congress are either Democrat or Republican, although you can also try for a third party position. Early on, decide which party to align with. Pick a party that lines up with your personal values and belief systems and that supports candidates with views similar to yours. Deciding on your party early on and sticking with it can help you become a congressperson.
Review the policies of major political parties in the United States. Pay attention to how Democrats and Republicans tend to vote on big issues like healthcare, the environment, and education. See which side best represents your opinions and perspective.
While most people in Congress are Democrat or Republican, you do not have to choose a major party if you don't agree with either platform. You can examine the views of alternative parties, such as the Green Party or the Libertarian Party.
2-3. Network with likeminded people.
Politics is mostly about who you know, so networking is key. Make sure to reach out to people with similar view to yours if you want to get elected. Stay involved locally and always talk to everyone you can during social events.
Attend things like rallies and fundraisers and talk to people in your community. You should also talk to people in positions of power, such as chairs of local grassroots organizations or branches of a political party. Get contact information, such as email, so you can get in touch down the road when you need support for your campaign.
Staying involved in the local political circuit also helps you make connections. Maintaining longstanding leadership or volunteer positions in a local political party is a great way to secure the connections necessary to succeed.
2-4. Seek out entry-level political jobs.
When you begin to feel more established, you may want to seek a job specifically related to politics. You will need to put all political experience, such as volunteer and leadership positions, on a resume and begin applying to positions that will help immerse you in the political world.
Look for assistant positions, such as staff and legislative assistants. You will help with specific political committees and campaigns. While a lot of your work is basic administrative work, you will also have to talk to people like lobbyists and members of Congress. This can help you make connections and get a feel for the political world.
Try to work for a congressperson as a chief of staff. You will essentially be an assistant to an actual member of congress. You may have to work other positions for years before securing this one, but it's an invaluable way to gain firsthand political experience.
3. Getting on the Ballot
3-1. Review requirements in your state.
Every state has different requirements regarding how to get on the ballot to run for Congress. Some states require a fee, others require a set number of signatures, and some states require both. Review your state's government website carefully to make sure you know how to get on the ballot.
3-2. Register with the correct party.
Different states have different ways of registering with a certain political party. In some states, you may register when you sign up to vote. You will have to visit your state's government website or visit a local courthouse to learn precise requirements in your state. It's important to register with the right party, because party support is vital for a successful campaign.
You have to register with the right party no later than the first business day of January of an election year. Keep this in mind to make sure you register in time.
3-3. Collect signatures.
If your state requires you to select signatures, do so. The amount of signatures you need to get on the ballot varies by state. In Florida, for example, you need at least 112,174 to get on the ballot for the House of Representatives.
When collecting signatures, this is a time to return to your network. Talk to people you worked with locally and past contacts from jobs. Remember, people will not sign your petition unless they want you on the ballot.
Have your local party support you. If you're, say, running as a Democrat, have members of your local Democratic party volunteer to collect signatures for you.
Begin forming a group of volunteers, contacting people you know. You should also send out mass e-mails to members of your party, outlining your platforms and idea. Ask for them to sign your petition and seek signatures from others.
3-4. Pay a registration fee.
Some states require you to pay a registration fee in addition to or instead of signatures. If you need to pay a registration fee, make sure you pay it before the deadline. Fees can be very expensive. In South Carolina, for example, the filing fee to run for Senate is $10,440. You may have to take donations.
If donations are necessary, you should return to your base. You can ask local political parties to help raise money for you. You can also set up something like a GoFundMe page to raise the money.
3-5. Fill out the necessary forms.
Paperwork is part of the process of running for Congress. Forms can be found on your state government's website. First, you need to fill out an Affidavit or Certificate of Candidacy, which is a form verifying you meet the basic qualifications to run. As you proceed with your campaign, there will be other forms.
A Statement of Organization Form must be submitted after you've earned a certain amount of money via contributions, usually $2,000, or 10 days after becoming a candidate. This form usually requires basic information, such as your name, e-mail, and so on.
As your campaign goes on, you need to fill out the Campaign Finance Disclosure form. This form highlights how you're spending money on your campaign.
4. Running a Successful Campaign
4-1. Hire a solid staff.
To start off, you want the right staff. Hire likeminded, passionate people with experience to help you get into Congress. You will need to fill three basic positions: a fundraiser, a treasurer, and a campaign manager.
A treasurer manages campaign finances. You should hire a professional who has experience handling and tracking money. A professional accountant is your best option, especially for a large campaign.
A fundraiser is responsible for raising money for your campaign. They must also make sure you are able to fundraise effectively at events and focus on how to best present yourself to the people to gain donations. Pick someone who knows you well for this position. In this case, it's okay to hire someone like a family member or spouse.
The campaign manager runs your campaign alongside you. While you are busy with public appearances and fundraising, your campaign manager handles campaign problems and looks for opportunities. Hire a campaign manager with a vast amount of political experience and whose vision aligns with yours.
4-2. Find a niche.
You want to stand out from other candidates while you run. It's important to find a nice in your state or community. Ask yourself what's missing and how you can fill that role.
For example, if you're running in a state facing economic turmoil, try to appeal to the working class. Offer concrete ways to create more jobs and protect worker's rights.
4-3. Fundraise effectively.
Campaigns need money to run effectively. Name recognition requires financing things like commercials and other advertisements, all of which cost money. Learning effective fundraising is vital to becoming a congressperson.
Focus on the issues before asking for money. At charity events or fundraisers, people who attend already respect and support you. Talk to them about your plans to make the country a better place, reminding them why you're their candidate. Only ask for money after making your campaign plans clear.
Encourage your campaign fundraiser to get as many volunteers to fundraise as possible. A strong group of volunteers making phone calls asking for donations can help you raise the money necessary to win.
4-4. Communicate your platform via a variety of outlets.
You want to make sure voters know who they're electing and why. Make sure you set up a variety of platforms where voters can read up on you. You should run ads on the radio and television, and make sure you have a solid online presence. A website and social media pages are important.
Make sure you have a website that's easy to read. If it's within your budget, it's worth it to hire staff to build your web presence. You should also be on social media. Having things like Facebook and Twitter can help your campaign grow. You can communicate about your platform with voters in a more direct manner.
You should also allocate some of your budget to signs and banners. Name recognition also makes a big difference in a campaign, so make sure your supporters have things like signs, bumper stickers, and banners out supporting your candidacy.
4-5. Make speeches.
You should make a variety of speeches throughout your campaign. Speak at places where you're likely to find supporters and make sure you cater your speeches to a specific audience. Your campaign manager should assist you in scheduling and writing your speeches.
Know the issues that matter to the group in question. If you're speaking to teachers, for example, talk about issues related to education, such as funding for public schools.
If you're going into a debate, prepare carefully. Know your opponent's stances in depth and be prepared to defend your positions as necessary.
4-6. Accept setbacks.
You may not win on your first run for Congress, especially if you're just getting into the political game. However, accept this with stride. Give a respectful concession speech and thank your base for support. If you step down gracefully after running a strong campaign, voters may be willing to elect you in the next election cycle.
Tips
Be willing to commit an enormous amount of time to your campaign efforts.
Become or remain active in your local community. Let people know that you are seeking election and why.
Send letters to local newspapers expressing views on recent local and national events. Schedule interviews with reporters from TV, newspapers and magazine.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Establishing the Basic Credentials\\n1-1. Make sure you qualify for the House or Senate.\\nTo be a congressperson, you can either run for the House of Representatives or the Senate. There are certain basic qualifications you must meet for both, including age qualifications. Make sure you meet those before you attempt to run. \\nTo run for the House of Representatives, you must be at least 25 years old. You must have been a United States citizen for at least seven years. You must also be a resident of the state and district you're representing at the time you file your petition.\\nTo run for Senate, you must be at least 30 years old. You must have been a citizen for at least nine years. You must also live in the state you want to represent in the Senate.\\n1-2. Follow the right educational path.\\nThe majority of United States congresspeople have at least a bachelor's degree. Many others have higher degrees in fields like law and business. When exploring your career path, think about different routes you could take that would eventually lead to a career in politics. \\nMany senators and congresspeople have degrees in business and law. It may be worth it to get a law degree (Commonly known as the Juris Doctor Degree) or MBA in addition to a bachelor's degree in business or pre-law. You can also try broader degrees, like political science, philosophy, and business, and then pursue a law degree. A few years of experience as a lawyer or businessperson may help with a political career. This is to run for Congress, however, it is very recommended to help you gain experience in the related field.\\nHowever, not every congressperson pursues a business or law before politics. You can pursue a political career straight out of college. Think about pursuing a degree like a political science degree, or a degree in something like public policy or international relations, and launching your career from there.\\n1-3. Gain early experience.\\nYou want to get the proper skills for a career in politics. Things like leadership, public speaking, and fundraising are key. It can be hard to land a politically-related job right out of high school or college. However, there are many ways you can get early experience to help your resume down the road.\\nVolunteer. Volunteering is easy to do and can help you gain much of the necessary experience to be a congressperson. You can, for example, volunteer for a local political party. Try to help out with things like fundraising or community organizing. You can also take on a leadership role in the organization.\\nLook into working for local charities. Whether it's volunteering or taking a part time paid position, charity work can be great for a political resume. It usually involves things like fundraising and interacting with the public.\\nSeek out internship experience while you're still in school. Experience interning for a local political party can look great on your resume.\\n1-4. Get involved in your local community.\\nIn politics, it's often who you know that matters when it comes to career success. Making small connections with your local community can pay off down the road. Also, community involvement helps teach you skills you can use later in your political career.\\nGet involved with organizations that are personally meaningful to you. Every congressperson runs on a particular platform, and you will want to show early commitment to that platform.\\nFor example, if religion is important to you, take a leadership position in your church. Join the vestry. If education is important to you, see if you can find a position on the local school board or PTA.\\n2. Breaking Into Politics\\n2-1. Work in politics locally.\\nMost successful Congresspeople started out serving their local community. Before attempting to run for a national office, look for ways to become a leader in your local political arena.\\nYou can try taking on a leadership position in a local political party. For example, volunteer to become the treasurer for your local Democrat or Republican party.\\nYou can also run for a local office. Requirements will vary from state-to-state, and between specific counties, so you'll have to check with a local courthouse. However, running for, say, the local city council could help you become established in politics.\\nSimply volunteering is also key. Often, you can get your foot in the door with local politics just by being a loyal volunteer. During election seasons, for example, offer to help with fundraising or to make phone calls.\\n2-2. Pick a political party early on.\\nHaving party support can help you get elected. Most people elected to Congress are either Democrat or Republican, although you can also try for a third party position. Early on, decide which party to align with. Pick a party that lines up with your personal values and belief systems and that supports candidates with views similar to yours. Deciding on your party early on and sticking with it can help you become a congressperson.\\nReview the policies of major political parties in the United States. Pay attention to how Democrats and Republicans tend to vote on big issues like healthcare, the environment, and education. See which side best represents your opinions and perspective.\\nWhile most people in Congress are Democrat or Republican, you do not have to choose a major party if you don't agree with either platform. You can examine the views of alternative parties, such as the Green Party or the Libertarian Party.\\n2-3. Network with likeminded people.\\nPolitics is mostly about who you know, so networking is key. Make sure to reach out to people with similar view to yours if you want to get elected. Stay involved locally and always talk to everyone you can during social events.\\nAttend things like rallies and fundraisers and talk to people in your community. You should also talk to people in positions of power, such as chairs of local grassroots organizations or branches of a political party. Get contact information, such as email, so you can get in touch down the road when you need support for your campaign.\\nStaying involved in the local political circuit also helps you make connections. Maintaining longstanding leadership or volunteer positions in a local political party is a great way to secure the connections necessary to succeed.\\n2-4. Seek out entry-level political jobs.\\nWhen you begin to feel more established, you may want to seek a job specifically related to politics. You will need to put all political experience, such as volunteer and leadership positions, on a resume and begin applying to positions that will help immerse you in the political world.\\nLook for assistant positions, such as staff and legislative assistants. You will help with specific political committees and campaigns. While a lot of your work is basic administrative work, you will also have to talk to people like lobbyists and members of Congress. This can help you make connections and get a feel for the political world.\\nTry to work for a congressperson as a chief of staff. You will essentially be an assistant to an actual member of congress. You may have to work other positions for years before securing this one, but it's an invaluable way to gain firsthand political experience.\\n3. Getting on the Ballot\\n3-1. Review requirements in your state.\\nEvery state has different requirements regarding how to get on the ballot to run for Congress. Some states require a fee, others require a set number of signatures, and some states require both. Review your state's government website carefully to make sure you know how to get on the ballot.\\n3-2. Register with the correct party.\\nDifferent states have different ways of registering with a certain political party. In some states, you may register when you sign up to vote. You will have to visit your state's government website or visit a local courthouse to learn precise requirements in your state. It's important to register with the right party, because party support is vital for a successful campaign.\\nYou have to register with the right party no later than the first business day of January of an election year. Keep this in mind to make sure you register in time.\\n3-3. Collect signatures.\\nIf your state requires you to select signatures, do so. The amount of signatures you need to get on the ballot varies by state. In Florida, for example, you need at least 112,174 to get on the ballot for the House of Representatives.\\nWhen collecting signatures, this is a time to return to your network. Talk to people you worked with locally and past contacts from jobs. Remember, people will not sign your petition unless they want you on the ballot.\\nHave your local party support you. If you're, say, running as a Democrat, have members of your local Democratic party volunteer to collect signatures for you.\\nBegin forming a group of volunteers, contacting people you know. You should also send out mass e-mails to members of your party, outlining your platforms and idea. Ask for them to sign your petition and seek signatures from others.\\n3-4. Pay a registration fee.\\nSome states require you to pay a registration fee in addition to or instead of signatures. If you need to pay a registration fee, make sure you pay it before the deadline. Fees can be very expensive. In South Carolina, for example, the filing fee to run for Senate is $10,440. You may have to take donations.\\nIf donations are necessary, you should return to your base. You can ask local political parties to help raise money for you. You can also set up something like a GoFundMe page to raise the money.\\n3-5. Fill out the necessary forms.\\nPaperwork is part of the process of running for Congress. Forms can be found on your state government's website. First, you need to fill out an Affidavit or Certificate of Candidacy, which is a form verifying you meet the basic qualifications to run. As you proceed with your campaign, there will be other forms.\\nA Statement of Organization Form must be submitted after you've earned a certain amount of money via contributions, usually $2,000, or 10 days after becoming a candidate. This form usually requires basic information, such as your name, e-mail, and so on.\\nAs your campaign goes on, you need to fill out the Campaign Finance Disclosure form. This form highlights how you're spending money on your campaign.\\n4. Running a Successful Campaign\\n4-1. Hire a solid staff.\\nTo start off, you want the right staff. Hire likeminded, passionate people with experience to help you get into Congress. You will need to fill three basic positions: a fundraiser, a treasurer, and a campaign manager.\\nA treasurer manages campaign finances. You should hire a professional who has experience handling and tracking money. A professional accountant is your best option, especially for a large campaign.\\nA fundraiser is responsible for raising money for your campaign. They must also make sure you are able to fundraise effectively at events and focus on how to best present yourself to the people to gain donations. Pick someone who knows you well for this position. In this case, it's okay to hire someone like a family member or spouse.\\nThe campaign manager runs your campaign alongside you. While you are busy with public appearances and fundraising, your campaign manager handles campaign problems and looks for opportunities. Hire a campaign manager with a vast amount of political experience and whose vision aligns with yours.\\n4-2. Find a niche.\\nYou want to stand out from other candidates while you run. It's important to find a nice in your state or community. Ask yourself what's missing and how you can fill that role.\\nFor example, if you're running in a state facing economic turmoil, try to appeal to the working class. Offer concrete ways to create more jobs and protect worker's rights.\\n4-3. Fundraise effectively.\\nCampaigns need money to run effectively. Name recognition requires financing things like commercials and other advertisements, all of which cost money. Learning effective fundraising is vital to becoming a congressperson.\\nFocus on the issues before asking for money. At charity events or fundraisers, people who attend already respect and support you. Talk to them about your plans to make the country a better place, reminding them why you're their candidate. Only ask for money after making your campaign plans clear.\\nEncourage your campaign fundraiser to get as many volunteers to fundraise as possible. A strong group of volunteers making phone calls asking for donations can help you raise the money necessary to win.\\n4-4. Communicate your platform via a variety of outlets.\\nYou want to make sure voters know who they're electing and why. Make sure you set up a variety of platforms where voters can read up on you. You should run ads on the radio and television, and make sure you have a solid online presence. A website and social media pages are important.\\nMake sure you have a website that's easy to read. If it's within your budget, it's worth it to hire staff to build your web presence. You should also be on social media. Having things like Facebook and Twitter can help your campaign grow. You can communicate about your platform with voters in a more direct manner.\\nYou should also allocate some of your budget to signs and banners. Name recognition also makes a big difference in a campaign, so make sure your supporters have things like signs, bumper stickers, and banners out supporting your candidacy.\\n4-5. Make speeches.\\nYou should make a variety of speeches throughout your campaign. Speak at places where you're likely to find supporters and make sure you cater your speeches to a specific audience. Your campaign manager should assist you in scheduling and writing your speeches.\\nKnow the issues that matter to the group in question. If you're speaking to teachers, for example, talk about issues related to education, such as funding for public schools.\\nIf you're going into a debate, prepare carefully. Know your opponent's stances in depth and be prepared to defend your positions as necessary.\\n4-6. Accept setbacks.\\nYou may not win on your first run for Congress, especially if you're just getting into the political game. However, accept this with stride. Give a respectful concession speech and thank your base for support. If you step down gracefully after running a strong campaign, voters may be willing to elect you in the next election cycle.\\nTips\\nBe willing to commit an enormous amount of time to your campaign efforts.\\nBecome or remain active in your local community. Let people know that you are seeking election and why.\\nSend letters to local newspapers expressing views on recent local and national events. Schedule interviews with reporters from TV, newspapers and magazine.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you feel strongly about a particular issue, or just want to make a general difference, you may want to become a congressperson. The road to running for congress is long and difficult. You will have to establish basic credentials, such as a decent education, early on in your career. Start off getting involved with politics locally. A strong local following can help get you on the ballot. From there, run a great campaign that will get you into office.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establishing the Basic Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure you qualify for the House or Senate.\", \"描述\": \"To be a congressperson, you can either run for the House of Representatives or the Senate. There are certain basic qualifications you must meet for both, including age qualifications. Make sure you meet those before you attempt to run. \\nTo run for the House of Representatives, you must be at least 25 years old. You must have been a United States citizen for at least seven years. You must also be a resident of the state and district you're representing at the time you file your petition.\\nTo run for Senate, you must be at least 30 years old. You must have been a citizen for at least nine years. You must also live in the state you want to represent in the Senate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the right educational path.\", \"描述\": \"The majority of United States congresspeople have at least a bachelor's degree. Many others have higher degrees in fields like law and business. When exploring your career path, think about different routes you could take that would eventually lead to a career in politics. \\nMany senators and congresspeople have degrees in business and law. It may be worth it to get a law degree (Commonly known as the Juris Doctor Degree) or MBA in addition to a bachelor's degree in business or pre-law. You can also try broader degrees, like political science, philosophy, and business, and then pursue a law degree. A few years of experience as a lawyer or businessperson may help with a political career. This is to run for Congress, however, it is very recommended to help you gain experience in the related field.\\nHowever, not every congressperson pursues a business or law before politics. You can pursue a political career straight out of college. Think about pursuing a degree like a political science degree, or a degree in something like public policy or international relations, and launching your career from there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain early experience.\", \"描述\": \"You want to get the proper skills for a career in politics. Things like leadership, public speaking, and fundraising are key. It can be hard to land a politically-related job right out of high school or college. However, there are many ways you can get early experience to help your resume down the road.\\nVolunteer. Volunteering is easy to do and can help you gain much of the necessary experience to be a congressperson. You can, for example, volunteer for a local political party. Try to help out with things like fundraising or community organizing. You can also take on a leadership role in the organization.\\nLook into working for local charities. Whether it's volunteering or taking a part time paid position, charity work can be great for a political resume. It usually involves things like fundraising and interacting with the public.\\nSeek out internship experience while you're still in school. Experience interning for a local political party can look great on your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get involved in your local community.\", \"描述\": \"In politics, it's often who you know that matters when it comes to career success. Making small connections with your local community can pay off down the road. Also, community involvement helps teach you skills you can use later in your political career.\\nGet involved with organizations that are personally meaningful to you. Every congressperson runs on a particular platform, and you will want to show early commitment to that platform.\\nFor example, if religion is important to you, take a leadership position in your church. Join the vestry. If education is important to you, see if you can find a position on the local school board or PTA.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Breaking Into Politics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work in politics locally.\", \"描述\": \"Most successful Congresspeople started out serving their local community. Before attempting to run for a national office, look for ways to become a leader in your local political arena.\\nYou can try taking on a leadership position in a local political party. For example, volunteer to become the treasurer for your local Democrat or Republican party.\\nYou can also run for a local office. Requirements will vary from state-to-state, and between specific counties, so you'll have to check with a local courthouse. However, running for, say, the local city council could help you become established in politics.\\nSimply volunteering is also key. Often, you can get your foot in the door with local politics just by being a loyal volunteer. During election seasons, for example, offer to help with fundraising or to make phone calls.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pick a political party early on.\", \"描述\": \"Having party support can help you get elected. Most people elected to Congress are either Democrat or Republican, although you can also try for a third party position. Early on, decide which party to align with. Pick a party that lines up with your personal values and belief systems and that supports candidates with views similar to yours. Deciding on your party early on and sticking with it can help you become a congressperson.\\nReview the policies of major political parties in the United States. Pay attention to how Democrats and Republicans tend to vote on big issues like healthcare, the environment, and education. See which side best represents your opinions and perspective.\\nWhile most people in Congress are Democrat or Republican, you do not have to choose a major party if you don't agree with either platform. You can examine the views of alternative parties, such as the Green Party or the Libertarian Party.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Network with likeminded people.\", \"描述\": \"Politics is mostly about who you know, so networking is key. Make sure to reach out to people with similar view to yours if you want to get elected. Stay involved locally and always talk to everyone you can during social events.\\nAttend things like rallies and fundraisers and talk to people in your community. You should also talk to people in positions of power, such as chairs of local grassroots organizations or branches of a political party. Get contact information, such as email, so you can get in touch down the road when you need support for your campaign.\\nStaying involved in the local political circuit also helps you make connections. Maintaining longstanding leadership or volunteer positions in a local political party is a great way to secure the connections necessary to succeed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek out entry-level political jobs.\", \"描述\": \"When you begin to feel more established, you may want to seek a job specifically related to politics. You will need to put all political experience, such as volunteer and leadership positions, on a resume and begin applying to positions that will help immerse you in the political world.\\nLook for assistant positions, such as staff and legislative assistants. You will help with specific political committees and campaigns. While a lot of your work is basic administrative work, you will also have to talk to people like lobbyists and members of Congress. This can help you make connections and get a feel for the political world.\\nTry to work for a congressperson as a chief of staff. You will essentially be an assistant to an actual member of congress. You may have to work other positions for years before securing this one, but it's an invaluable way to gain firsthand political experience.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting on the Ballot\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Review requirements in your state.\", \"描述\": \"Every state has different requirements regarding how to get on the ballot to run for Congress. Some states require a fee, others require a set number of signatures, and some states require both. Review your state's government website carefully to make sure you know how to get on the ballot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Register with the correct party.\", \"描述\": \"Different states have different ways of registering with a certain political party. In some states, you may register when you sign up to vote. You will have to visit your state's government website or visit a local courthouse to learn precise requirements in your state. It's important to register with the right party, because party support is vital for a successful campaign.\\nYou have to register with the right party no later than the first business day of January of an election year. Keep this in mind to make sure you register in time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Collect signatures.\", \"描述\": \"If your state requires you to select signatures, do so. The amount of signatures you need to get on the ballot varies by state. In Florida, for example, you need at least 112,174 to get on the ballot for the House of Representatives.\\nWhen collecting signatures, this is a time to return to your network. Talk to people you worked with locally and past contacts from jobs. Remember, people will not sign your petition unless they want you on the ballot.\\nHave your local party support you. If you're, say, running as a Democrat, have members of your local Democratic party volunteer to collect signatures for you.\\nBegin forming a group of volunteers, contacting people you know. You should also send out mass e-mails to members of your party, outlining your platforms and idea. Ask for them to sign your petition and seek signatures from others.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay a registration fee.\", \"描述\": \"Some states require you to pay a registration fee in addition to or instead of signatures. If you need to pay a registration fee, make sure you pay it before the deadline. Fees can be very expensive. In South Carolina, for example, the filing fee to run for Senate is $10,440. You may have to take donations.\\nIf donations are necessary, you should return to your base. You can ask local political parties to help raise money for you. You can also set up something like a GoFundMe page to raise the money.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Fill out the necessary forms.\", \"描述\": \"Paperwork is part of the process of running for Congress. Forms can be found on your state government's website. First, you need to fill out an Affidavit or Certificate of Candidacy, which is a form verifying you meet the basic qualifications to run. As you proceed with your campaign, there will be other forms.\\nA Statement of Organization Form must be submitted after you've earned a certain amount of money via contributions, usually $2,000, or 10 days after becoming a candidate. This form usually requires basic information, such as your name, e-mail, and so on.\\nAs your campaign goes on, you need to fill out the Campaign Finance Disclosure form. This form highlights how you're spending money on your campaign.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Running a Successful Campaign\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hire a solid staff.\", \"描述\": \"To start off, you want the right staff. Hire likeminded, passionate people with experience to help you get into Congress. You will need to fill three basic positions: a fundraiser, a treasurer, and a campaign manager.\\nA treasurer manages campaign finances. You should hire a professional who has experience handling and tracking money. A professional accountant is your best option, especially for a large campaign.\\nA fundraiser is responsible for raising money for your campaign. They must also make sure you are able to fundraise effectively at events and focus on how to best present yourself to the people to gain donations. Pick someone who knows you well for this position. In this case, it's okay to hire someone like a family member or spouse.\\nThe campaign manager runs your campaign alongside you. While you are busy with public appearances and fundraising, your campaign manager handles campaign problems and looks for opportunities. Hire a campaign manager with a vast amount of political experience and whose vision aligns with yours.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a niche.\", \"描述\": \"You want to stand out from other candidates while you run. It's important to find a nice in your state or community. Ask yourself what's missing and how you can fill that role.\\nFor example, if you're running in a state facing economic turmoil, try to appeal to the working class. Offer concrete ways to create more jobs and protect worker's rights.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fundraise effectively.\", \"描述\": \"Campaigns need money to run effectively. Name recognition requires financing things like commercials and other advertisements, all of which cost money. Learning effective fundraising is vital to becoming a congressperson.\\nFocus on the issues before asking for money. At charity events or fundraisers, people who attend already respect and support you. Talk to them about your plans to make the country a better place, reminding them why you're their candidate. Only ask for money after making your campaign plans clear.\\nEncourage your campaign fundraiser to get as many volunteers to fundraise as possible. A strong group of volunteers making phone calls asking for donations can help you raise the money necessary to win.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Communicate your platform via a variety of outlets.\", \"描述\": \"You want to make sure voters know who they're electing and why. Make sure you set up a variety of platforms where voters can read up on you. You should run ads on the radio and television, and make sure you have a solid online presence. A website and social media pages are important.\\nMake sure you have a website that's easy to read. If it's within your budget, it's worth it to hire staff to build your web presence. You should also be on social media. Having things like Facebook and Twitter can help your campaign grow. You can communicate about your platform with voters in a more direct manner.\\nYou should also allocate some of your budget to signs and banners. Name recognition also makes a big difference in a campaign, so make sure your supporters have things like signs, bumper stickers, and banners out supporting your candidacy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make speeches.\", \"描述\": \"You should make a variety of speeches throughout your campaign. Speak at places where you're likely to find supporters and make sure you cater your speeches to a specific audience. Your campaign manager should assist you in scheduling and writing your speeches.\\nKnow the issues that matter to the group in question. If you're speaking to teachers, for example, talk about issues related to education, such as funding for public schools.\\nIf you're going into a debate, prepare carefully. Know your opponent's stances in depth and be prepared to defend your positions as necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Accept setbacks.\", \"描述\": \"You may not win on your first run for Congress, especially if you're just getting into the political game. However, accept this with stride. Give a respectful concession speech and thank your base for support. If you step down gracefully after running a strong campaign, voters may be willing to elect you in the next election cycle.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be willing to commit an enormous amount of time to your campaign efforts.\\n\", \"Become or remain active in your local community. Let people know that you are seeking election and why.\\n\", \"Send letters to local newspapers expressing views on recent local and national events. Schedule interviews with reporters from TV, newspapers and magazine.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,291 |
How to Become a Contemporary Dancer
|
1. Taking Beginner Classes
1-1. Sign up for a contemporary dance class.
Make sure the class is for beginners and, if possible, targeted for your age group. Look for a dancing school that is close to home and fits your budget. If there are no contemporary dance classes in your area, look into taking private lessons.
You can always ask for a trial lesson or set of lessons; it's important to feel comfortable with the class and click with the teacher.
1-2. Work on coordination and rhythm.
Put on whatever style of music you like best and practice staying on-beat, making fluid movements and increasing your range of motion. Contemporary dance doesn’t emphasize rigid techniques, straight lines, or pointed movements. Instead, it’s about fluid movement, freedom of expression, and improvisation. Keep this in mind as you practice.
You’ll work on this in your class, but home practice only makes you better.
1-3. Stretch daily to increase your flexibility.
Contemporary dancers need to be flexible to do leaps, jumps, and many other common moves. Stretch every morning and evening. Start out slowly with stretching and gradually push a little harder to get more flexible – it doesn’t happen overnight! With regular stretching and exercise, you will become more flexible over time.
Start with static stretching, which means doing any given stretch to the point of tension, and then holding that pose for 10 to 60 seconds. Try doing toe touches and split stretches to increase flexibility.
1-4. Do yoga to increase your abilities.
Yoga increases flexibility, but it also shares many other important traits with contemporary dance. It’s recognized as one of the basic contemporary dance techniques because it emphasizes breathing, body alignment, mental control, and muscle relaxation – many of the same core techniques taught in contemporary dance.
You can take a yoga class or even follow yoga instruction videos online.
1-5. Practice at home after your dance class.
There will be moves that you can do easily, and others that don’t come as naturally. Work on those tough moves at home, after your class. You’ll feel more comfortable about messing up, since no one is watching you, and by the time the next class rolls around, you’ll already have those moves perfected.
If possible, practice in front of a mirror. You can also take video of yourself and play it back later, then tweak your moves as needed.
Use online videos if you need further instruction about a move you’re practicing at home.
2. Expanding Your Technique
2-1. Study ballet to help you get better at contemporary dance techniques.
Ballet emphasizes poise, balance, and control. Working diligently on these will make it easier for you to master advanced contemporary dance techniques. Most aspiring contemporary dancers take ballet classes as they advance in skill level.
2-2. Focus on strengthening your core muscles.
Many traditional dance styles focus on leg movements in their techniques. Contemporary dance focuses more on movements made from the torso area. Many of the advanced movements require a lot of torso strength and agility. Work on strength training at a gym, and consider learning some Pilates moves that focus on strengthening the torso.
Planks, side planks and side crunches are excellent core strengthening exercises for dancers.
2-3. Work with a choreographer.
Choreographers are basically the directors of a dance piece, and they usually created the dance piece themselves. They will instruct you very specifically and have control over the creative vision of the piece. To advance in contemporary dance, learn how to work with a choreographer. Conform your movements to their aesthetic vision and be open to new movements and styles.
2-4. Begin choreographing dance pieces yourself.
Choreography is one of the most important aspects of contemporary dance because of the emphasis on expression. Learning how to choreograph dance pieces is basically learning how to express emotions and narratives with your body and its movements. Start by practicing choreography at home to your favorite songs. As you advance, look into classes that focus on choreography specifically.
Brainstorm themes, music, and possible narratives. Incorporate moves that you feel emulate the ideas you want to get across.
Work on creating steps that play to your strengths as a dancer.
2-5. Take part in class performances.
Public performances get you ready for a professional dancing career. Find out if your classes will have performances or recitals near the end of the term – most do. Try to get involved with these performances as much as possible. Learn everything you can and perform as frequently as you can.
3. Dancing Professionally
3-1. Study contemporary dance at a university or dance school.
Advancing in the world of dance usually requires experience gained through higher levels of education. Many schools offer bachelor’s degrees in dance, with a focus on contemporary dance. Be ready for an audition and in-person interview before you’re accepted, as many of these programs are extremely choosy.
3-2. Focus on and experiment with your choreography skills.
Choreography becomes more and more important as you advance in contemporary dance. These programs usually emphasize creativity and experimentation, so explore your abilities. Work on creating your own dance style and creating strong narratives to go along with the chosen music.
Dance to lots of different kinds of music to expand your knowledge and abilities even more.
3-3. Explore and hone your strengths as a performer.
Aside from choreography, performance is the other main focus for dancers in advanced programs. Work on exploring performance scenarios, following choreography instruction and somatic practices. Many schools will provide you with video and sound editing software so you can learn how to present performances via installations, film and projection techniques.
Work on mock auditions to prepare yourself for your future as a professional dancer.
3-4. Explore and audition for professional roles.
Once you complete your degree, you’ll be a highly trained dancer. You can audition for dance companies, roles in ballets and contemporary dance performances with elite groups. You'll start working closely with other professionals in the field.
Joining a professional dance company will give you the chance to express your artistic vision, travel, and even become involved in things like social activism.
If you don’t want to follow this path, you can become an advanced instructor yourself, which will give you the opportunity choreograph and teach other dancers your pieces.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Taking Beginner Classes\\n1-1. Sign up for a contemporary dance class.\\nMake sure the class is for beginners and, if possible, targeted for your age group. Look for a dancing school that is close to home and fits your budget. If there are no contemporary dance classes in your area, look into taking private lessons.\\nYou can always ask for a trial lesson or set of lessons; it's important to feel comfortable with the class and click with the teacher.\\n1-2. Work on coordination and rhythm.\\nPut on whatever style of music you like best and practice staying on-beat, making fluid movements and increasing your range of motion. Contemporary dance doesn’t emphasize rigid techniques, straight lines, or pointed movements. Instead, it’s about fluid movement, freedom of expression, and improvisation. Keep this in mind as you practice.\\nYou’ll work on this in your class, but home practice only makes you better.\\n1-3. Stretch daily to increase your flexibility.\\nContemporary dancers need to be flexible to do leaps, jumps, and many other common moves. Stretch every morning and evening. Start out slowly with stretching and gradually push a little harder to get more flexible – it doesn’t happen overnight! With regular stretching and exercise, you will become more flexible over time.\\nStart with static stretching, which means doing any given stretch to the point of tension, and then holding that pose for 10 to 60 seconds. Try doing toe touches and split stretches to increase flexibility.\\n1-4. Do yoga to increase your abilities.\\nYoga increases flexibility, but it also shares many other important traits with contemporary dance. It’s recognized as one of the basic contemporary dance techniques because it emphasizes breathing, body alignment, mental control, and muscle relaxation – many of the same core techniques taught in contemporary dance.\\nYou can take a yoga class or even follow yoga instruction videos online.\\n1-5. Practice at home after your dance class.\\nThere will be moves that you can do easily, and others that don’t come as naturally. Work on those tough moves at home, after your class. You’ll feel more comfortable about messing up, since no one is watching you, and by the time the next class rolls around, you’ll already have those moves perfected.\\nIf possible, practice in front of a mirror. You can also take video of yourself and play it back later, then tweak your moves as needed.\\nUse online videos if you need further instruction about a move you’re practicing at home.\\n2. Expanding Your Technique\\n2-1. Study ballet to help you get better at contemporary dance techniques.\\nBallet emphasizes poise, balance, and control. Working diligently on these will make it easier for you to master advanced contemporary dance techniques. Most aspiring contemporary dancers take ballet classes as they advance in skill level.\\n2-2. Focus on strengthening your core muscles.\\nMany traditional dance styles focus on leg movements in their techniques. Contemporary dance focuses more on movements made from the torso area. Many of the advanced movements require a lot of torso strength and agility. Work on strength training at a gym, and consider learning some Pilates moves that focus on strengthening the torso.\\nPlanks, side planks and side crunches are excellent core strengthening exercises for dancers.\\n2-3. Work with a choreographer.\\nChoreographers are basically the directors of a dance piece, and they usually created the dance piece themselves. They will instruct you very specifically and have control over the creative vision of the piece. To advance in contemporary dance, learn how to work with a choreographer. Conform your movements to their aesthetic vision and be open to new movements and styles.\\n2-4. Begin choreographing dance pieces yourself.\\nChoreography is one of the most important aspects of contemporary dance because of the emphasis on expression. Learning how to choreograph dance pieces is basically learning how to express emotions and narratives with your body and its movements. Start by practicing choreography at home to your favorite songs. As you advance, look into classes that focus on choreography specifically.\\nBrainstorm themes, music, and possible narratives. Incorporate moves that you feel emulate the ideas you want to get across.\\nWork on creating steps that play to your strengths as a dancer.\\n2-5. Take part in class performances.\\nPublic performances get you ready for a professional dancing career. Find out if your classes will have performances or recitals near the end of the term – most do. Try to get involved with these performances as much as possible. Learn everything you can and perform as frequently as you can.\\n3. Dancing Professionally\\n3-1. Study contemporary dance at a university or dance school.\\nAdvancing in the world of dance usually requires experience gained through higher levels of education. Many schools offer bachelor’s degrees in dance, with a focus on contemporary dance. Be ready for an audition and in-person interview before you’re accepted, as many of these programs are extremely choosy.\\n3-2. Focus on and experiment with your choreography skills.\\nChoreography becomes more and more important as you advance in contemporary dance. These programs usually emphasize creativity and experimentation, so explore your abilities. Work on creating your own dance style and creating strong narratives to go along with the chosen music.\\nDance to lots of different kinds of music to expand your knowledge and abilities even more.\\n3-3. Explore and hone your strengths as a performer.\\nAside from choreography, performance is the other main focus for dancers in advanced programs. Work on exploring performance scenarios, following choreography instruction and somatic practices. Many schools will provide you with video and sound editing software so you can learn how to present performances via installations, film and projection techniques.\\nWork on mock auditions to prepare yourself for your future as a professional dancer.\\n3-4. Explore and audition for professional roles.\\nOnce you complete your degree, you’ll be a highly trained dancer. You can audition for dance companies, roles in ballets and contemporary dance performances with elite groups. You'll start working closely with other professionals in the field.\\nJoining a professional dance company will give you the chance to express your artistic vision, travel, and even become involved in things like social activism.\\nIf you don’t want to follow this path, you can become an advanced instructor yourself, which will give you the opportunity choreograph and teach other dancers your pieces.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Contemporary dance was established in the early 1900s and is now one of the most popular dance styles in the Western world. It emphasizes freedom of expression through movement rather than rigid techniques. Start by enrolling in a class for beginners. From there, work on building your strength, flexibility, and learning advanced techniques. To dance professionally, enroll in an advanced dance program at a university or dance school, then train to enter the professional world.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Taking Beginner Classes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sign up for a contemporary dance class.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the class is for beginners and, if possible, targeted for your age group. Look for a dancing school that is close to home and fits your budget. If there are no contemporary dance classes in your area, look into taking private lessons.\\nYou can always ask for a trial lesson or set of lessons; it's important to feel comfortable with the class and click with the teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work on coordination and rhythm.\", \"描述\": \"Put on whatever style of music you like best and practice staying on-beat, making fluid movements and increasing your range of motion. Contemporary dance doesn’t emphasize rigid techniques, straight lines, or pointed movements. Instead, it’s about fluid movement, freedom of expression, and improvisation. Keep this in mind as you practice.\\nYou’ll work on this in your class, but home practice only makes you better.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stretch daily to increase your flexibility.\", \"描述\": \"Contemporary dancers need to be flexible to do leaps, jumps, and many other common moves. Stretch every morning and evening. Start out slowly with stretching and gradually push a little harder to get more flexible – it doesn’t happen overnight! With regular stretching and exercise, you will become more flexible over time.\\nStart with static stretching, which means doing any given stretch to the point of tension, and then holding that pose for 10 to 60 seconds. Try doing toe touches and split stretches to increase flexibility.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do yoga to increase your abilities.\", \"描述\": \"Yoga increases flexibility, but it also shares many other important traits with contemporary dance. It’s recognized as one of the basic contemporary dance techniques because it emphasizes breathing, body alignment, mental control, and muscle relaxation – many of the same core techniques taught in contemporary dance.\\nYou can take a yoga class or even follow yoga instruction videos online.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice at home after your dance class.\", \"描述\": \"There will be moves that you can do easily, and others that don’t come as naturally. Work on those tough moves at home, after your class. You’ll feel more comfortable about messing up, since no one is watching you, and by the time the next class rolls around, you’ll already have those moves perfected.\\nIf possible, practice in front of a mirror. You can also take video of yourself and play it back later, then tweak your moves as needed.\\nUse online videos if you need further instruction about a move you’re practicing at home.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expanding Your Technique\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study ballet to help you get better at contemporary dance techniques.\", \"描述\": \"Ballet emphasizes poise, balance, and control. Working diligently on these will make it easier for you to master advanced contemporary dance techniques. Most aspiring contemporary dancers take ballet classes as they advance in skill level.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on strengthening your core muscles.\", \"描述\": \"Many traditional dance styles focus on leg movements in their techniques. Contemporary dance focuses more on movements made from the torso area. Many of the advanced movements require a lot of torso strength and agility. Work on strength training at a gym, and consider learning some Pilates moves that focus on strengthening the torso.\\nPlanks, side planks and side crunches are excellent core strengthening exercises for dancers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work with a choreographer.\", \"描述\": \"Choreographers are basically the directors of a dance piece, and they usually created the dance piece themselves. They will instruct you very specifically and have control over the creative vision of the piece. To advance in contemporary dance, learn how to work with a choreographer. Conform your movements to their aesthetic vision and be open to new movements and styles.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Begin choreographing dance pieces yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Choreography is one of the most important aspects of contemporary dance because of the emphasis on expression. Learning how to choreograph dance pieces is basically learning how to express emotions and narratives with your body and its movements. Start by practicing choreography at home to your favorite songs. As you advance, look into classes that focus on choreography specifically.\\nBrainstorm themes, music, and possible narratives. Incorporate moves that you feel emulate the ideas you want to get across.\\nWork on creating steps that play to your strengths as a dancer.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take part in class performances.\", \"描述\": \"Public performances get you ready for a professional dancing career. Find out if your classes will have performances or recitals near the end of the term – most do. Try to get involved with these performances as much as possible. Learn everything you can and perform as frequently as you can.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dancing Professionally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study contemporary dance at a university or dance school.\", \"描述\": \"Advancing in the world of dance usually requires experience gained through higher levels of education. Many schools offer bachelor’s degrees in dance, with a focus on contemporary dance. Be ready for an audition and in-person interview before you’re accepted, as many of these programs are extremely choosy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on and experiment with your choreography skills.\", \"描述\": \"Choreography becomes more and more important as you advance in contemporary dance. These programs usually emphasize creativity and experimentation, so explore your abilities. Work on creating your own dance style and creating strong narratives to go along with the chosen music.\\nDance to lots of different kinds of music to expand your knowledge and abilities even more.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Explore and hone your strengths as a performer.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from choreography, performance is the other main focus for dancers in advanced programs. Work on exploring performance scenarios, following choreography instruction and somatic practices. Many schools will provide you with video and sound editing software so you can learn how to present performances via installations, film and projection techniques.\\nWork on mock auditions to prepare yourself for your future as a professional dancer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Explore and audition for professional roles.\", \"描述\": \"Once you complete your degree, you’ll be a highly trained dancer. You can audition for dance companies, roles in ballets and contemporary dance performances with elite groups. You'll start working closely with other professionals in the field.\\nJoining a professional dance company will give you the chance to express your artistic vision, travel, and even become involved in things like social activism.\\nIf you don’t want to follow this path, you can become an advanced instructor yourself, which will give you the opportunity choreograph and teach other dancers your pieces.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,292 |
How to Become a Contemporary Dancer Without Lessons
|
1. Training without an Instructor
1-1. Find a space where you can stretch and practice every day.
An ideal practice space has hard flooring, plenty of room for movement, and a large mirror to practice in front of. If you’re training at home, the “ideal” space might not be available, so work with what you’ve got! Most importantly, you need ample space to move around. Choose a space that's well-lit for your own safety.
Carpeted floors are fine if that’s all you have. You could even dance outside in the grass as long as the ground is flat.
It’s best to find a place that’s relatively private so you can dance without interruption or prying eyes.
1-2. Warm up for 5-10 minutes before training sessions to prevent injury.
Since you’re training without an instructor, it’s crucial that you warm up and stretch properly to avoid hurting yourself. You can jog in place, do jumping jacks, or skip rope to warm up for a training session. The goal is to gently raise your heart rate and stimulate your muscles.
Keep your eye on the clock or set a timer on your phone to ensure you warm up for the full 5-10 minutes.
1-3. Stretch
Hold each stretch for 10-15 seconds. Never push yourself into a stretch that you can’t hold. Try to fit your 30-minute stretching session in whenever you can—stretching in front of the television is still stretching!
Try doing the butterfly stretch to loosen up your inner thighs. Other leg stretches, like hamstring and quadriceps stretches, are also crucial.
To stretch your arms and shoulders, start by standing with your feet shoulder width apart. Then, bend your right arm at the elbow and reach behind your back as far to your left side as possible. You can gently grab your right forearm with your left hand to increase the stretch. Hold for 15 seconds and repeat on the other side.
Always stretch before and after your training sessions. You can hold stretches for 30 seconds after training, since you’re already warmed up. A lot of flexibility can be gained during the post-training stretching session!
Consider taking up yoga to increase your flexibility and strength.
1-4. Learn choreography by watching free video tutorials online.
There are tons of tutorials available on YouTube, so run a search and pick songs and artists that interest you. Don’t limit yourself to “professional” stage dancers—pop stars who incorporate choreography into their videos and concerts are great sources. Their signature dances are iconic for a reason!
For example, look up choreography tutorials for specific artists and songs like: Justin Timberlake’s “Suit and Tie,” Ariana Grande’s “Problem,” Beyonce’s “Single Ladies,” and Katy Perry’s “Dark Horse.” Don't be afraid of classic stuff like Michael Jackson’s “Thriller,” as well.
1-5. Record training sessions and use them to improve your movements.
Set up your smartphone to record yourself when you’re training. After the training session, review the videos to pinpoint areas you need to work on. It can be a little awkward to watch and analyze videos of yourself, but the information you can get from doing this is invaluable.
Avoid criticizing yourself too harshly as you review your videos. Everyone starts as a beginner.
2. Learning Contemporary Dance Moves
2-1. Work on your pirouette.
You should be familiar with ballet, jazz, and modern dance if you want to be a contemporary dancer as it is a fusion of those dance styles. Stand in fourth position. Bend your knees and push off of your back leg. Bring up 1 leg and point your foot toward your knee. Then, hold the foot there as you perform a complete turn. End by placing your foot back on the floor in fourth position.
To get into fourth position, stand on the floor and place 1 foot about 12 inches in front of the other. Both feet should be flat on the ground and turned out. Balance your weight evenly between them.
Keep your support leg nice and straight as you rotate your body.
This is typically considered to be a ballet movement, but it’s important in contemporary dance, as well.
2-2. Perfect your front limber.
Start by doing a handstand. Once you feel balanced in the handstand, arch your feet and let your lower body follow. Then, kick over until your feet are on the ground. You might want to practice with someone spotting you at first.
2-3. Learn how to do the splits.
The splits are popular in dance routines because they look so impressive! Get into a deep lunge position, then lower your body to the ground, placing your hands on the floor beside you to balance yourself. Straighten your lead leg out as much as possible and push your hips to the floor.
Start slowly and only stretch as far as your body will allow.
Routinely practicing this every day will make it easier and easier.
2-4. Work on fluid, expressive movements.
Unpredictability, expression, and freedom in choreography are the hallmarks of contemporary dance. As a dance genre, it rejects a lot of the rigorous movements common in ballet and other structured forms of dance. Practice fluid motions that lead smoothly into each other. Try to communicate emotion through your movements.
2-5. Try to choreograph your own short dance piece to a favorite song.
Once you've learned some moves and are feeling confident about what you can do, start putting together a short piece of your on choreography. Taking a few moves from some of your favorite dance performances and piecing them together is a good place to begin!
For example, you might start in fourth position, move into some simple step work, and add expressive arm movements. Then, pirouette, plie, and snap your legs back together before dropping down into the splits.
Try to create facial expressions to match the mood of your dance. Remember to tap into your emotions as you create moves.
3. Getting Experience as a Dancer
3-1. Join school dance productions if you’re still a student.
Many schools have free dance clubs that you can join to gain experience without taking formal lessons. Theater productions often include dance sequences, so check with your school’s drama club about upcoming opportunities.
If the drama club doesn't perform dance currently, consider joining the club and starting the tradition!
3-2. Start an extracurricular dance club at your school.
Find out if anyone else is interested in participating, then petition to start a dance club at your school. That way, you can use the school’s stage and gym to practice and eventually put on performances as a group.
Learning how to collaborate and work as a team are important skills for dancers.
Working with a tight-knit group means you will have support. The club members will understand what you’re going through as you train.
3-3. Check out dance opportunities with local theater companies.
If your local theater company puts on productions with dance sequences, get information on how to audition. This can be a great opportunity to get experience dancing on a stage in front of a crowd. There’s really no substitute for the experience gained in a live performance setting.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training without an Instructor\\n1-1. Find a space where you can stretch and practice every day.\\nAn ideal practice space has hard flooring, plenty of room for movement, and a large mirror to practice in front of. If you’re training at home, the “ideal” space might not be available, so work with what you’ve got! Most importantly, you need ample space to move around. Choose a space that's well-lit for your own safety.\\nCarpeted floors are fine if that’s all you have. You could even dance outside in the grass as long as the ground is flat.\\nIt’s best to find a place that’s relatively private so you can dance without interruption or prying eyes.\\n1-2. Warm up for 5-10 minutes before training sessions to prevent injury.\\nSince you’re training without an instructor, it’s crucial that you warm up and stretch properly to avoid hurting yourself. You can jog in place, do jumping jacks, or skip rope to warm up for a training session. The goal is to gently raise your heart rate and stimulate your muscles.\\nKeep your eye on the clock or set a timer on your phone to ensure you warm up for the full 5-10 minutes.\\n1-3. Stretch\\nHold each stretch for 10-15 seconds. Never push yourself into a stretch that you can’t hold. Try to fit your 30-minute stretching session in whenever you can—stretching in front of the television is still stretching!\\nTry doing the butterfly stretch to loosen up your inner thighs. Other leg stretches, like hamstring and quadriceps stretches, are also crucial.\\nTo stretch your arms and shoulders, start by standing with your feet shoulder width apart. Then, bend your right arm at the elbow and reach behind your back as far to your left side as possible. You can gently grab your right forearm with your left hand to increase the stretch. Hold for 15 seconds and repeat on the other side.\\nAlways stretch before and after your training sessions. You can hold stretches for 30 seconds after training, since you’re already warmed up. A lot of flexibility can be gained during the post-training stretching session!\\nConsider taking up yoga to increase your flexibility and strength.\\n1-4. Learn choreography by watching free video tutorials online.\\nThere are tons of tutorials available on YouTube, so run a search and pick songs and artists that interest you. Don’t limit yourself to “professional” stage dancers—pop stars who incorporate choreography into their videos and concerts are great sources. Their signature dances are iconic for a reason!\\nFor example, look up choreography tutorials for specific artists and songs like: Justin Timberlake’s “Suit and Tie,” Ariana Grande’s “Problem,” Beyonce’s “Single Ladies,” and Katy Perry’s “Dark Horse.” Don't be afraid of classic stuff like Michael Jackson’s “Thriller,” as well.\\n1-5. Record training sessions and use them to improve your movements.\\nSet up your smartphone to record yourself when you’re training. After the training session, review the videos to pinpoint areas you need to work on. It can be a little awkward to watch and analyze videos of yourself, but the information you can get from doing this is invaluable.\\nAvoid criticizing yourself too harshly as you review your videos. Everyone starts as a beginner.\\n2. Learning Contemporary Dance Moves\\n2-1. Work on your pirouette.\\nYou should be familiar with ballet, jazz, and modern dance if you want to be a contemporary dancer as it is a fusion of those dance styles. Stand in fourth position. Bend your knees and push off of your back leg. Bring up 1 leg and point your foot toward your knee. Then, hold the foot there as you perform a complete turn. End by placing your foot back on the floor in fourth position.\\nTo get into fourth position, stand on the floor and place 1 foot about 12 inches in front of the other. Both feet should be flat on the ground and turned out. Balance your weight evenly between them.\\nKeep your support leg nice and straight as you rotate your body.\\nThis is typically considered to be a ballet movement, but it’s important in contemporary dance, as well.\\n2-2. Perfect your front limber.\\nStart by doing a handstand. Once you feel balanced in the handstand, arch your feet and let your lower body follow. Then, kick over until your feet are on the ground. You might want to practice with someone spotting you at first.\\n2-3. Learn how to do the splits.\\nThe splits are popular in dance routines because they look so impressive! Get into a deep lunge position, then lower your body to the ground, placing your hands on the floor beside you to balance yourself. Straighten your lead leg out as much as possible and push your hips to the floor.\\nStart slowly and only stretch as far as your body will allow.\\nRoutinely practicing this every day will make it easier and easier.\\n2-4. Work on fluid, expressive movements.\\nUnpredictability, expression, and freedom in choreography are the hallmarks of contemporary dance. As a dance genre, it rejects a lot of the rigorous movements common in ballet and other structured forms of dance. Practice fluid motions that lead smoothly into each other. Try to communicate emotion through your movements.\\n2-5. Try to choreograph your own short dance piece to a favorite song.\\nOnce you've learned some moves and are feeling confident about what you can do, start putting together a short piece of your on choreography. Taking a few moves from some of your favorite dance performances and piecing them together is a good place to begin!\\nFor example, you might start in fourth position, move into some simple step work, and add expressive arm movements. Then, pirouette, plie, and snap your legs back together before dropping down into the splits.\\nTry to create facial expressions to match the mood of your dance. Remember to tap into your emotions as you create moves.\\n3. Getting Experience as a Dancer\\n3-1. Join school dance productions if you’re still a student.\\nMany schools have free dance clubs that you can join to gain experience without taking formal lessons. Theater productions often include dance sequences, so check with your school’s drama club about upcoming opportunities.\\nIf the drama club doesn't perform dance currently, consider joining the club and starting the tradition!\\n3-2. Start an extracurricular dance club at your school.\\nFind out if anyone else is interested in participating, then petition to start a dance club at your school. That way, you can use the school’s stage and gym to practice and eventually put on performances as a group.\\nLearning how to collaborate and work as a team are important skills for dancers.\\nWorking with a tight-knit group means you will have support. The club members will understand what you’re going through as you train.\\n3-3. Check out dance opportunities with local theater companies.\\nIf your local theater company puts on productions with dance sequences, get information on how to audition. This can be a great opportunity to get experience dancing on a stage in front of a crowd. There’s really no substitute for the experience gained in a live performance setting.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you dream of becoming a contemporary dancer but you don’t have access to lessons, you can still pursue your goal! Start by finding a good training area where you can stretch and practice your moves every day. Stretch for 30 minutes daily to increase your flexibility, which is crucial for a dancer. To learn choreography and specific dance moves, check out free YouTube tutorials that can guide you through each process. Train hard, don't give up, and most of all, have fun!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training without an Instructor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a space where you can stretch and practice every day.\", \"描述\": \"An ideal practice space has hard flooring, plenty of room for movement, and a large mirror to practice in front of. If you’re training at home, the “ideal” space might not be available, so work with what you’ve got! Most importantly, you need ample space to move around. Choose a space that's well-lit for your own safety.\\nCarpeted floors are fine if that’s all you have. You could even dance outside in the grass as long as the ground is flat.\\nIt’s best to find a place that’s relatively private so you can dance without interruption or prying eyes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Warm up for 5-10 minutes before training sessions to prevent injury.\", \"描述\": \"Since you’re training without an instructor, it’s crucial that you warm up and stretch properly to avoid hurting yourself. You can jog in place, do jumping jacks, or skip rope to warm up for a training session. The goal is to gently raise your heart rate and stimulate your muscles.\\nKeep your eye on the clock or set a timer on your phone to ensure you warm up for the full 5-10 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stretch\", \"描述\": \"Hold each stretch for 10-15 seconds. Never push yourself into a stretch that you can’t hold. Try to fit your 30-minute stretching session in whenever you can—stretching in front of the television is still stretching!\\nTry doing the butterfly stretch to loosen up your inner thighs. Other leg stretches, like hamstring and quadriceps stretches, are also crucial.\\nTo stretch your arms and shoulders, start by standing with your feet shoulder width apart. Then, bend your right arm at the elbow and reach behind your back as far to your left side as possible. You can gently grab your right forearm with your left hand to increase the stretch. Hold for 15 seconds and repeat on the other side.\\nAlways stretch before and after your training sessions. You can hold stretches for 30 seconds after training, since you’re already warmed up. A lot of flexibility can be gained during the post-training stretching session!\\nConsider taking up yoga to increase your flexibility and strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn choreography by watching free video tutorials online.\", \"描述\": \"There are tons of tutorials available on YouTube, so run a search and pick songs and artists that interest you. Don’t limit yourself to “professional” stage dancers—pop stars who incorporate choreography into their videos and concerts are great sources. Their signature dances are iconic for a reason!\\nFor example, look up choreography tutorials for specific artists and songs like: Justin Timberlake’s “Suit and Tie,” Ariana Grande’s “Problem,” Beyonce’s “Single Ladies,” and Katy Perry’s “Dark Horse.” Don't be afraid of classic stuff like Michael Jackson’s “Thriller,” as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Record training sessions and use them to improve your movements.\", \"描述\": \"Set up your smartphone to record yourself when you’re training. After the training session, review the videos to pinpoint areas you need to work on. It can be a little awkward to watch and analyze videos of yourself, but the information you can get from doing this is invaluable.\\nAvoid criticizing yourself too harshly as you review your videos. Everyone starts as a beginner.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learning Contemporary Dance Moves\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on your pirouette.\", \"描述\": \"You should be familiar with ballet, jazz, and modern dance if you want to be a contemporary dancer as it is a fusion of those dance styles. Stand in fourth position. Bend your knees and push off of your back leg. Bring up 1 leg and point your foot toward your knee. Then, hold the foot there as you perform a complete turn. End by placing your foot back on the floor in fourth position.\\nTo get into fourth position, stand on the floor and place 1 foot about 12 inches in front of the other. Both feet should be flat on the ground and turned out. Balance your weight evenly between them.\\nKeep your support leg nice and straight as you rotate your body.\\nThis is typically considered to be a ballet movement, but it’s important in contemporary dance, as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perfect your front limber.\", \"描述\": \"Start by doing a handstand. Once you feel balanced in the handstand, arch your feet and let your lower body follow. Then, kick over until your feet are on the ground. You might want to practice with someone spotting you at first.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn how to do the splits.\", \"描述\": \"The splits are popular in dance routines because they look so impressive! Get into a deep lunge position, then lower your body to the ground, placing your hands on the floor beside you to balance yourself. Straighten your lead leg out as much as possible and push your hips to the floor.\\nStart slowly and only stretch as far as your body will allow.\\nRoutinely practicing this every day will make it easier and easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work on fluid, expressive movements.\", \"描述\": \"Unpredictability, expression, and freedom in choreography are the hallmarks of contemporary dance. As a dance genre, it rejects a lot of the rigorous movements common in ballet and other structured forms of dance. Practice fluid motions that lead smoothly into each other. Try to communicate emotion through your movements.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try to choreograph your own short dance piece to a favorite song.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've learned some moves and are feeling confident about what you can do, start putting together a short piece of your on choreography. Taking a few moves from some of your favorite dance performances and piecing them together is a good place to begin!\\nFor example, you might start in fourth position, move into some simple step work, and add expressive arm movements. Then, pirouette, plie, and snap your legs back together before dropping down into the splits.\\nTry to create facial expressions to match the mood of your dance. Remember to tap into your emotions as you create moves.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Experience as a Dancer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join school dance productions if you’re still a student.\", \"描述\": \"Many schools have free dance clubs that you can join to gain experience without taking formal lessons. Theater productions often include dance sequences, so check with your school’s drama club about upcoming opportunities.\\nIf the drama club doesn't perform dance currently, consider joining the club and starting the tradition!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start an extracurricular dance club at your school.\", \"描述\": \"Find out if anyone else is interested in participating, then petition to start a dance club at your school. That way, you can use the school’s stage and gym to practice and eventually put on performances as a group.\\nLearning how to collaborate and work as a team are important skills for dancers.\\nWorking with a tight-knit group means you will have support. The club members will understand what you’re going through as you train.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check out dance opportunities with local theater companies.\", \"描述\": \"If your local theater company puts on productions with dance sequences, get information on how to audition. This can be a great opportunity to get experience dancing on a stage in front of a crowd. There’s really no substitute for the experience gained in a live performance setting.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,293 |
How to Become a Content Creator
|
1. What is a content creator?
A content creator is someone who produces media for a specific audience.
It’s a content creator’s job to create interesting, engaging, and relevant content that appeals to either a wide range of individuals or a specific niche. Their goal is to entertain or inform a target audience through artistic, written, and/or visual storytelling.
Content creators can work by themselves or with others. Collaboration can be a big part of a content creator’s career if sharing their market is a part of their vision or strategy.
A content creator’s success depends on how engaged their audience is. The more attention and traffic a piece of content receives, the more successful a content creator will be.
There are many different forms and ways of producing content, from social media and freelancing to corporate employment.
2. What do content creators do?
Content creators are the people who make the content you see online.
These individuals work by themselves or with a team to produce marketable content that intends to reach audiences of a particular demographic. For example, the article you’re reading right now was made by content creators. Common formats of content include:
Blogs
Websites
Social media posts
Graphic designs
Articles
Newsletters
Videos
3. How to Become a Content Creator
3-1. Choose a topic you’re passionate about.
When you’re making content all day, you want to make sure you’re producing something you care about. Ask yourself, “What do I like to do? What hobbies do I have? What’s my personality type?” Answering these questions can help you find your community and niche.
For example, if you love reading, consider branding yourself as a “booktoker” who makes TikToks on the latest book and publishing trends.
If you’re a foodie, think about starting a blog reviewing the restaurants in your neighborhood.
If you have an interest in true crime, try starting a true crime podcast on unsolved mysteries or cases in your area.
3-2. Know your target audience.
Before you start producing content, ask yourself, “Who am I speaking to?” Your audience directly impacts your success as a content creator, so get to know them well! Research the topic you want to cover and notice any similarities between the top search results. Are the articles, videos, and/or photos intended for a younger audience? What vibes do the top results give visually? The answers to these questions will help you tailor your content to appeal to your audience.
For example, say your target audience is Gen Z. Your content might include trending, upbeat audio, vibrant colors, emojis, and/or slang to appeal to a younger audience.
If your target audience are baby boomers, your content may be cleaner, more serious, and respectable.
3-3. Pick a platform you’re comfortable using.
What do you actively use most today? When you first start making content, it’s important to choose a site that supports your vision. For instance, you wouldn’t want to pick TikTok if you want to write long form posts, but you would want to start a blog. Similarly, you wouldn’t want to start a YouTube channel to make short form video content, but you would want to post Instagram Reels. Scroll through the platforms you like to see what’s trending and if your target audience matches.
Stick to one platform at first to keep your focus and strategy as narrow as possible. As you grow and learn, you’ll be able to expand across other platforms.
If you’re unfamiliar with a specific platform that interests you, download it and start fiddling around, search how to make content for the platform online, and get yourself as familiar with it as possible.
3-4. Find your unique style.
Every day, there are millions of people marketing content. Your job as a content creator is to make yourself stand out amongst the crowd. Think about ways you can strategically use trends and current events to entertain your target audience and/or amplify your voice and message.
For example, if there’s a trending audio going around Instagram and TikTok, see how you can use that audio to match your specific demographic. Maybe you emphasize a movie trope, flirtation tactic, or relatable meme that plays into the audio’s tone.
3-5. Keep a consistent and reliable schedule.
To be a successful content creator, you have to be willing to put in the work. Make time each day to brainstorm, create, edit, and post. Stick to a posting schedule to stay consistent in your followers’ feeds. Staying persistent is the key to personal and analytical growth.
Programs like Hootsuite, Loomly, SocialBee, and Sprout Social can help you schedule and track your social media posts.
3-6. Engage with your audience.
When people engage in your content, they’re building a relationship with you, and reciprocating that engagement will keep you accountable and watchable/readable. Reply to comments and DMs, repost shares, and start friendly conversations. The more you communicate with your audience, the more “real” and relatable you’ll seem.
Keep in mind that target audiences often have preferences and favorite social media platforms.
4. Skills You’ll Need
4-1. Creativity
Content creators are constantly creating and coming up with new innovative ideas. If you want to be a content creator, you have to be able to brainstorm and think outside of the box. You should be able to hop onto trends and present information in interesting ways that engage with your audience.
4-2. Versatility
Being a content creator means taking on multiple jobs. Content creators wear many hats—editor, writer, producer, actor, etc. Knowing a variety of creator platforms and programs like InDesign, Photoshop, Canva, and Final Cut Pro can help you create content for various platforms in multiple ways.
4-3. Adaptability
The world of content creation is constantly changing and evolving. A content creator must be able to adapt and go with the flow in any situation. For example, if a program crashes, they need to be ready to film again at a moment’s notice. If they want to go on location to take pictures of a sunset but get rained out, they need to have a backup plan.
4-4. Analytical Mindset
Understanding and implementing search engine optimization (SEO) is an important part of being a content creator. You need to be able to analyze data to conduct social media and content strategies that are most effective for your followers, readers, or viewers. Crunching the numbers and identifying key terms helps content creators reach a wider audience.
SEO creates and compacts relevant data from search engines that can promote traffic to web and digital content.
4-5. Organization
Deadlines keep a content creator on track. If you want to be a content creator, you need to be able to keep an organized and detailed schedule. You’re essentially working for yourself, so you need to be your own boss. This means keeping track of the content you produce and the hours you work.
Try using a color-coded calendar to block your schedule by task and time. For example, use blue to block out the hours you want to spend writing content, orange for filming, yellow for engaging with followers, and so forth.
Save virtual meeting links in a calendar that syncs up to all your devices, so you’re never late.
4-6. Passion
Successful content creators don’t produce content for the money. They do it because they love it. To be a content creator, you must enjoy creating new and exciting content. If you’re passionate about what you’re creating, it’ll show through the quality and quantity of your content.
Have fun making content for yourself before starting a content creator career. Spend a few months fiddling around with different platforms to see if it’s something you’d enjoy doing.
5. What is the typical salary of a content creator?
The estimated yearly base pay of a content creator in the United States is $44,166.
A content creator’s salary depends on the individual and their platform, consistency, company, and brand deals. Some creators can make as much as $75,783 a year with additional pay.
YouTube has the highest pay range for content creators at $64,244 per year.
Content creators usually have multiple streams of income, especially if they work a corporate content job alongside personal projects.
Tips
Keep building your portfolio no matter what! The more content you produce, the more experience you’ll have. Having a product to show for your skills will help you gain clients, followers, brand deals, and/or a corporate career.[12]
X
Research source
If you want to become a self-employed or freelance content creator, remember that everything you do on social media is a part of your brand. With this in mind, try thinking of your social media pages as more of a professional portfolio rather than a personal outlet.[13]
X
Research source
You don’t need a large social media following to be a full-time content creator. Work hard to put your skills out there, and you’ll be noticed in no time.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is a content creator?\\nA content creator is someone who produces media for a specific audience.\\nIt’s a content creator’s job to create interesting, engaging, and relevant content that appeals to either a wide range of individuals or a specific niche. Their goal is to entertain or inform a target audience through artistic, written, and/or visual storytelling.\\nContent creators can work by themselves or with others. Collaboration can be a big part of a content creator’s career if sharing their market is a part of their vision or strategy.\\nA content creator’s success depends on how engaged their audience is. The more attention and traffic a piece of content receives, the more successful a content creator will be.\\nThere are many different forms and ways of producing content, from social media and freelancing to corporate employment.\\n2. What do content creators do?\\nContent creators are the people who make the content you see online.\\nThese individuals work by themselves or with a team to produce marketable content that intends to reach audiences of a particular demographic. For example, the article you’re reading right now was made by content creators. Common formats of content include:\\nBlogs\\nWebsites\\nSocial media posts\\nGraphic designs\\nArticles\\nNewsletters\\nVideos\\n3. How to Become a Content Creator\\n3-1. Choose a topic you’re passionate about.\\nWhen you’re making content all day, you want to make sure you’re producing something you care about. Ask yourself, “What do I like to do? What hobbies do I have? What’s my personality type?” Answering these questions can help you find your community and niche.\\nFor example, if you love reading, consider branding yourself as a “booktoker” who makes TikToks on the latest book and publishing trends.\\nIf you’re a foodie, think about starting a blog reviewing the restaurants in your neighborhood.\\nIf you have an interest in true crime, try starting a true crime podcast on unsolved mysteries or cases in your area.\\n3-2. Know your target audience.\\nBefore you start producing content, ask yourself, “Who am I speaking to?” Your audience directly impacts your success as a content creator, so get to know them well! Research the topic you want to cover and notice any similarities between the top search results. Are the articles, videos, and/or photos intended for a younger audience? What vibes do the top results give visually? The answers to these questions will help you tailor your content to appeal to your audience.\\nFor example, say your target audience is Gen Z. Your content might include trending, upbeat audio, vibrant colors, emojis, and/or slang to appeal to a younger audience.\\nIf your target audience are baby boomers, your content may be cleaner, more serious, and respectable.\\n3-3. Pick a platform you’re comfortable using.\\nWhat do you actively use most today? When you first start making content, it’s important to choose a site that supports your vision. For instance, you wouldn’t want to pick TikTok if you want to write long form posts, but you would want to start a blog. Similarly, you wouldn’t want to start a YouTube channel to make short form video content, but you would want to post Instagram Reels. Scroll through the platforms you like to see what’s trending and if your target audience matches.\\nStick to one platform at first to keep your focus and strategy as narrow as possible. As you grow and learn, you’ll be able to expand across other platforms.\\nIf you’re unfamiliar with a specific platform that interests you, download it and start fiddling around, search how to make content for the platform online, and get yourself as familiar with it as possible.\\n3-4. Find your unique style.\\nEvery day, there are millions of people marketing content. Your job as a content creator is to make yourself stand out amongst the crowd. Think about ways you can strategically use trends and current events to entertain your target audience and/or amplify your voice and message.\\nFor example, if there’s a trending audio going around Instagram and TikTok, see how you can use that audio to match your specific demographic. Maybe you emphasize a movie trope, flirtation tactic, or relatable meme that plays into the audio’s tone.\\n3-5. Keep a consistent and reliable schedule.\\nTo be a successful content creator, you have to be willing to put in the work. Make time each day to brainstorm, create, edit, and post. Stick to a posting schedule to stay consistent in your followers’ feeds. Staying persistent is the key to personal and analytical growth.\\nPrograms like Hootsuite, Loomly, SocialBee, and Sprout Social can help you schedule and track your social media posts.\\n3-6. Engage with your audience.\\nWhen people engage in your content, they’re building a relationship with you, and reciprocating that engagement will keep you accountable and watchable/readable. Reply to comments and DMs, repost shares, and start friendly conversations. The more you communicate with your audience, the more “real” and relatable you’ll seem.\\nKeep in mind that target audiences often have preferences and favorite social media platforms.\\n4. Skills You’ll Need\\n4-1. Creativity\\nContent creators are constantly creating and coming up with new innovative ideas. If you want to be a content creator, you have to be able to brainstorm and think outside of the box. You should be able to hop onto trends and present information in interesting ways that engage with your audience.\\n4-2. Versatility\\nBeing a content creator means taking on multiple jobs. Content creators wear many hats—editor, writer, producer, actor, etc. Knowing a variety of creator platforms and programs like InDesign, Photoshop, Canva, and Final Cut Pro can help you create content for various platforms in multiple ways.\\n4-3. Adaptability\\nThe world of content creation is constantly changing and evolving. A content creator must be able to adapt and go with the flow in any situation. For example, if a program crashes, they need to be ready to film again at a moment’s notice. If they want to go on location to take pictures of a sunset but get rained out, they need to have a backup plan.\\n4-4. Analytical Mindset\\nUnderstanding and implementing search engine optimization (SEO) is an important part of being a content creator. You need to be able to analyze data to conduct social media and content strategies that are most effective for your followers, readers, or viewers. Crunching the numbers and identifying key terms helps content creators reach a wider audience.\\nSEO creates and compacts relevant data from search engines that can promote traffic to web and digital content.\\n4-5. Organization\\nDeadlines keep a content creator on track. If you want to be a content creator, you need to be able to keep an organized and detailed schedule. You’re essentially working for yourself, so you need to be your own boss. This means keeping track of the content you produce and the hours you work.\\nTry using a color-coded calendar to block your schedule by task and time. For example, use blue to block out the hours you want to spend writing content, orange for filming, yellow for engaging with followers, and so forth.\\nSave virtual meeting links in a calendar that syncs up to all your devices, so you’re never late.\\n4-6. Passion\\nSuccessful content creators don’t produce content for the money. They do it because they love it. To be a content creator, you must enjoy creating new and exciting content. If you’re passionate about what you’re creating, it’ll show through the quality and quantity of your content.\\nHave fun making content for yourself before starting a content creator career. Spend a few months fiddling around with different platforms to see if it’s something you’d enjoy doing.\\n5. What is the typical salary of a content creator?\\nThe estimated yearly base pay of a content creator in the United States is $44,166.\\nA content creator’s salary depends on the individual and their platform, consistency, company, and brand deals. Some creators can make as much as $75,783 a year with additional pay.\\nYouTube has the highest pay range for content creators at $64,244 per year.\\nContent creators usually have multiple streams of income, especially if they work a corporate content job alongside personal projects.\\nTips\\nKeep building your portfolio no matter what! The more content you produce, the more experience you’ll have. Having a product to show for your skills will help you gain clients, followers, brand deals, and/or a corporate career.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you want to become a self-employed or freelance content creator, remember that everything you do on social media is a part of your brand. With this in mind, try thinking of your social media pages as more of a professional portfolio rather than a personal outlet.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nYou don’t need a large social media following to be a full-time content creator. Work hard to put your skills out there, and you’ll be noticed in no time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a content creator is all about putting yourself out there, but how do you do that? Do you need some special skills? Is the challenge of content creating worth it? If you’re curious about any of these questions, you’ve come to the right place! In this article, we’ll tell you everything there is to know about being a full-time content creator, from the skills needed to how to get started. So, what are you waiting for? Keep reading for your complete guide to becoming a content creator.This article is based on an interview with our marketing and advertising specialist, Melissa Rodriguez, founder of Social Media Relations. Check out the full interview here.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is a content creator?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A content creator is someone who produces media for a specific audience.\", \"描述\": \"It’s a content creator’s job to create interesting, engaging, and relevant content that appeals to either a wide range of individuals or a specific niche. Their goal is to entertain or inform a target audience through artistic, written, and/or visual storytelling.\\nContent creators can work by themselves or with others. Collaboration can be a big part of a content creator’s career if sharing their market is a part of their vision or strategy.\\nA content creator’s success depends on how engaged their audience is. The more attention and traffic a piece of content receives, the more successful a content creator will be.\\nThere are many different forms and ways of producing content, from social media and freelancing to corporate employment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What do content creators do?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Content creators are the people who make the content you see online.\", \"描述\": \"These individuals work by themselves or with a team to produce marketable content that intends to reach audiences of a particular demographic. For example, the article you’re reading right now was made by content creators. Common formats of content include:\\nBlogs\\nWebsites\\nSocial media posts\\nGraphic designs\\nArticles\\nNewsletters\\nVideos\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How to Become a Content Creator\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a topic you’re passionate about.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re making content all day, you want to make sure you’re producing something you care about. Ask yourself, “What do I like to do? What hobbies do I have? What’s my personality type?” Answering these questions can help you find your community and niche.\\nFor example, if you love reading, consider branding yourself as a “booktoker” who makes TikToks on the latest book and publishing trends.\\nIf you’re a foodie, think about starting a blog reviewing the restaurants in your neighborhood.\\nIf you have an interest in true crime, try starting a true crime podcast on unsolved mysteries or cases in your area.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know your target audience.\", \"描述\": \"Before you start producing content, ask yourself, “Who am I speaking to?” Your audience directly impacts your success as a content creator, so get to know them well! Research the topic you want to cover and notice any similarities between the top search results. Are the articles, videos, and/or photos intended for a younger audience? What vibes do the top results give visually? The answers to these questions will help you tailor your content to appeal to your audience.\\nFor example, say your target audience is Gen Z. Your content might include trending, upbeat audio, vibrant colors, emojis, and/or slang to appeal to a younger audience.\\nIf your target audience are baby boomers, your content may be cleaner, more serious, and respectable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick a platform you’re comfortable using.\", \"描述\": \"What do you actively use most today? When you first start making content, it’s important to choose a site that supports your vision. For instance, you wouldn’t want to pick TikTok if you want to write long form posts, but you would want to start a blog. Similarly, you wouldn’t want to start a YouTube channel to make short form video content, but you would want to post Instagram Reels. Scroll through the platforms you like to see what’s trending and if your target audience matches.\\nStick to one platform at first to keep your focus and strategy as narrow as possible. As you grow and learn, you’ll be able to expand across other platforms.\\nIf you’re unfamiliar with a specific platform that interests you, download it and start fiddling around, search how to make content for the platform online, and get yourself as familiar with it as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find your unique style.\", \"描述\": \"Every day, there are millions of people marketing content. Your job as a content creator is to make yourself stand out amongst the crowd. Think about ways you can strategically use trends and current events to entertain your target audience and/or amplify your voice and message.\\nFor example, if there’s a trending audio going around Instagram and TikTok, see how you can use that audio to match your specific demographic. Maybe you emphasize a movie trope, flirtation tactic, or relatable meme that plays into the audio’s tone.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep a consistent and reliable schedule.\", \"描述\": \"To be a successful content creator, you have to be willing to put in the work. Make time each day to brainstorm, create, edit, and post. Stick to a posting schedule to stay consistent in your followers’ feeds. Staying persistent is the key to personal and analytical growth.\\nPrograms like Hootsuite, Loomly, SocialBee, and Sprout Social can help you schedule and track your social media posts.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Engage with your audience.\", \"描述\": \"When people engage in your content, they’re building a relationship with you, and reciprocating that engagement will keep you accountable and watchable/readable. Reply to comments and DMs, repost shares, and start friendly conversations. The more you communicate with your audience, the more “real” and relatable you’ll seem.\\nKeep in mind that target audiences often have preferences and favorite social media platforms.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Skills You’ll Need\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creativity\", \"描述\": \"Content creators are constantly creating and coming up with new innovative ideas. If you want to be a content creator, you have to be able to brainstorm and think outside of the box. You should be able to hop onto trends and present information in interesting ways that engage with your audience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Versatility\", \"描述\": \"Being a content creator means taking on multiple jobs. Content creators wear many hats—editor, writer, producer, actor, etc. Knowing a variety of creator platforms and programs like InDesign, Photoshop, Canva, and Final Cut Pro can help you create content for various platforms in multiple ways.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adaptability\", \"描述\": \"The world of content creation is constantly changing and evolving. A content creator must be able to adapt and go with the flow in any situation. For example, if a program crashes, they need to be ready to film again at a moment’s notice. If they want to go on location to take pictures of a sunset but get rained out, they need to have a backup plan.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Analytical Mindset\", \"描述\": \"Understanding and implementing search engine optimization (SEO) is an important part of being a content creator. You need to be able to analyze data to conduct social media and content strategies that are most effective for your followers, readers, or viewers. Crunching the numbers and identifying key terms helps content creators reach a wider audience.\\nSEO creates and compacts relevant data from search engines that can promote traffic to web and digital content.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Organization\", \"描述\": \"Deadlines keep a content creator on track. If you want to be a content creator, you need to be able to keep an organized and detailed schedule. You’re essentially working for yourself, so you need to be your own boss. This means keeping track of the content you produce and the hours you work.\\nTry using a color-coded calendar to block your schedule by task and time. For example, use blue to block out the hours you want to spend writing content, orange for filming, yellow for engaging with followers, and so forth.\\nSave virtual meeting links in a calendar that syncs up to all your devices, so you’re never late.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Passion\", \"描述\": \"Successful content creators don’t produce content for the money. They do it because they love it. To be a content creator, you must enjoy creating new and exciting content. If you’re passionate about what you’re creating, it’ll show through the quality and quantity of your content.\\nHave fun making content for yourself before starting a content creator career. Spend a few months fiddling around with different platforms to see if it’s something you’d enjoy doing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"What is the typical salary of a content creator?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The estimated yearly base pay of a content creator in the United States is $44,166.\", \"描述\": \"A content creator’s salary depends on the individual and their platform, consistency, company, and brand deals. Some creators can make as much as $75,783 a year with additional pay.\\nYouTube has the highest pay range for content creators at $64,244 per year.\\nContent creators usually have multiple streams of income, especially if they work a corporate content job alongside personal projects.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep building your portfolio no matter what! The more content you produce, the more experience you’ll have. Having a product to show for your skills will help you gain clients, followers, brand deals, and/or a corporate career.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you want to become a self-employed or freelance content creator, remember that everything you do on social media is a part of your brand. With this in mind, try thinking of your social media pages as more of a professional portfolio rather than a personal outlet.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"You don’t need a large social media following to be a full-time content creator. Work hard to put your skills out there, and you’ll be noticed in no time.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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5,294 |
How to Become a Content Management Systems Expert
|
1. CMS Education
1-1. Get an education in Information Technology or Computer Science.
Complete your high school education and then consider going to college for 1 of these degrees. It is not strictly necessary, as many computer experts are self-taught; however, it provides an education in a wide array of computer skills.
1-2. Educate yourself on the following Internet-based skills:
HTML, CSS, MySQL, PHP, Javascript, XML and Flash. Most of these platforms and codes are used to handle CMS systems. You can usually learn these at a community college, university, Internet-based course, through a computer training service, through lifelong learning classes or by finding a web programmer to personally instruct you.
If you choose to learn coding and database management in a classroom or online course setting, you will most likely need to take a course for each of these platforms.
Although many computer experts are self-taught, course certifications or degrees are helpful on a resume. You may consider some formal training if you want to freelance as a CMS expert or work for a CMS consultation firm, because your resume will stand out amid competition.
1-3. Train yourself, or receive training, in all of the leading CMS.
This includes WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!, Movable Type, Mambo, TypePad, Gawker CMS, Scoop, Plone and Blogger. With your Internet skills already established, there is a learning curve with CMS programs, so once you learn a few, you should be able to learn others more easily and independently.
Keep in mind that in 2012, WordPress was the number 1 most used CMS program. Start your education with this platform.
2. CMS Experience and Training
2-1. Gain at least 2 years of work experience with CMS.
Usually, an expert should have 5 to 7 years of experience; however, since the CMS market is changing and growing rapidly, a younger person may have an advantage of being on the cutting edge of technology. Make sure your work experience shows successful work with businesses of all sizes, training clients and technical support.
2-2. Keep up to date on the changing CMS market.
Sign up for CMS market press releases and emails, and subscribe to blogs by industry leaders. Since CMS is steadily taking over from traditional web programming, there are many new, developing programs that can quickly corner the market.
2-3. Consider contributing to open source CMS systems.
Open source programs are created by CMS experts in their spare time, and then they are reviewed by industry peers. If you donate some time to helping improve these systems, and you get good reviews, you can use that on a resume, to show your prowess with CMS.
2-4. Learn to train business owners and departments in different CMS programs.
A CMS expert must also be a teacher, because the advantage of CMS is that the business can easily update their database with little, or no, coding. If you cannot successfully communicate how to use CMS to others, then you will not be able to market yourself as an expert.
Be prepared to explain to clients and customers why they would choose CMS over traditional web programming. There are many reasons, including the fact that CMS is easy for employees to use and update and you don't have to contact your web developer every time you want to change something on your site.
3. CMS Expert Jobs
Decide how you would like to work as a CMS expert.
Once you have the required education and experience, you can market yourself as a CMS expert. Choose to market yourself in 1 of the following ways:
Become a freelance web developer or CMS expert. You will need to set up a corporation or sole proprietorship where you market your CMS services to small or large businesses. You should be able to evaluate all the CMS options and tell your customer what would work best. Keep in mind that you will need to be available to your customers, in case of problems with their CMS.
Seek a job at a CMS consulting firm. Although there are not many firms that specialize directly in CMS, there is a growing demand for people who can look at all the options and suggest what's best according to a company's needs.
Seek a job in CMS development. Either create your own CMS, if you think you have an idea on how to make and improve upon what is available now, or look for jobs with leading CMS programs. Any evaluated work on open source CMS development will help you to get a job in this industry.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. CMS Education\\n1-1. Get an education in Information Technology or Computer Science.\\nComplete your high school education and then consider going to college for 1 of these degrees. It is not strictly necessary, as many computer experts are self-taught; however, it provides an education in a wide array of computer skills.\\n1-2. Educate yourself on the following Internet-based skills:\\nHTML, CSS, MySQL, PHP, Javascript, XML and Flash. Most of these platforms and codes are used to handle CMS systems. You can usually learn these at a community college, university, Internet-based course, through a computer training service, through lifelong learning classes or by finding a web programmer to personally instruct you.\\nIf you choose to learn coding and database management in a classroom or online course setting, you will most likely need to take a course for each of these platforms.\\nAlthough many computer experts are self-taught, course certifications or degrees are helpful on a resume. You may consider some formal training if you want to freelance as a CMS expert or work for a CMS consultation firm, because your resume will stand out amid competition.\\n1-3. Train yourself, or receive training, in all of the leading CMS.\\nThis includes WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!, Movable Type, Mambo, TypePad, Gawker CMS, Scoop, Plone and Blogger. With your Internet skills already established, there is a learning curve with CMS programs, so once you learn a few, you should be able to learn others more easily and independently.\\nKeep in mind that in 2012, WordPress was the number 1 most used CMS program. Start your education with this platform.\\n2. CMS Experience and Training\\n2-1. Gain at least 2 years of work experience with CMS.\\nUsually, an expert should have 5 to 7 years of experience; however, since the CMS market is changing and growing rapidly, a younger person may have an advantage of being on the cutting edge of technology. Make sure your work experience shows successful work with businesses of all sizes, training clients and technical support.\\n2-2. Keep up to date on the changing CMS market.\\nSign up for CMS market press releases and emails, and subscribe to blogs by industry leaders. Since CMS is steadily taking over from traditional web programming, there are many new, developing programs that can quickly corner the market.\\n2-3. Consider contributing to open source CMS systems.\\nOpen source programs are created by CMS experts in their spare time, and then they are reviewed by industry peers. If you donate some time to helping improve these systems, and you get good reviews, you can use that on a resume, to show your prowess with CMS.\\n2-4. Learn to train business owners and departments in different CMS programs.\\nA CMS expert must also be a teacher, because the advantage of CMS is that the business can easily update their database with little, or no, coding. If you cannot successfully communicate how to use CMS to others, then you will not be able to market yourself as an expert.\\nBe prepared to explain to clients and customers why they would choose CMS over traditional web programming. There are many reasons, including the fact that CMS is easy for employees to use and update and you don't have to contact your web developer every time you want to change something on your site.\\n3. CMS Expert Jobs\\nDecide how you would like to work as a CMS expert.\\nOnce you have the required education and experience, you can market yourself as a CMS expert. Choose to market yourself in 1 of the following ways:\\nBecome a freelance web developer or CMS expert. You will need to set up a corporation or sole proprietorship where you market your CMS services to small or large businesses. You should be able to evaluate all the CMS options and tell your customer what would work best. Keep in mind that you will need to be available to your customers, in case of problems with their CMS.\\nSeek a job at a CMS consulting firm. Although there are not many firms that specialize directly in CMS, there is a growing demand for people who can look at all the options and suggest what's best according to a company's needs.\\nSeek a job in CMS development. Either create your own CMS, if you think you have an idea on how to make and improve upon what is available now, or look for jobs with leading CMS programs. Any evaluated work on open source CMS development will help you to get a job in this industry.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Content Management Systems (CMS) are online databases that are used to store data that appears on a website. They are often used instead of a traditional HTML website programming. In many cases, web designers create an attractive template for a website, and the CMS plugs in the information into the template. CMS has gained popularity because it allows website owners, marketing departments and other employees to update data, in a separate, easy to use program, without having to code a website. However, there are many different types of CMS, including paid and open source options. Each option has slightly different features, and people who are able to navigate, give advice and train on all these options are called CMS experts. This job is in increasing demand, because of the high demand for CMS and the large number of services that are available. Business and consulting firms require help from people who can handle all aspects of content management. Read more to find out how to become a content management systems expert.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"CMS Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an education in Information Technology or Computer Science.\", \"描述\": \"Complete your high school education and then consider going to college for 1 of these degrees. It is not strictly necessary, as many computer experts are self-taught; however, it provides an education in a wide array of computer skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Educate yourself on the following Internet-based skills:\", \"描述\": \"HTML, CSS, MySQL, PHP, Javascript, XML and Flash. Most of these platforms and codes are used to handle CMS systems. You can usually learn these at a community college, university, Internet-based course, through a computer training service, through lifelong learning classes or by finding a web programmer to personally instruct you.\\nIf you choose to learn coding and database management in a classroom or online course setting, you will most likely need to take a course for each of these platforms.\\nAlthough many computer experts are self-taught, course certifications or degrees are helpful on a resume. You may consider some formal training if you want to freelance as a CMS expert or work for a CMS consultation firm, because your resume will stand out amid competition.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Train yourself, or receive training, in all of the leading CMS.\", \"描述\": \"This includes WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!, Movable Type, Mambo, TypePad, Gawker CMS, Scoop, Plone and Blogger. With your Internet skills already established, there is a learning curve with CMS programs, so once you learn a few, you should be able to learn others more easily and independently.\\nKeep in mind that in 2012, WordPress was the number 1 most used CMS program. Start your education with this platform.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"CMS Experience and Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain at least 2 years of work experience with CMS.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, an expert should have 5 to 7 years of experience; however, since the CMS market is changing and growing rapidly, a younger person may have an advantage of being on the cutting edge of technology. Make sure your work experience shows successful work with businesses of all sizes, training clients and technical support.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep up to date on the changing CMS market.\", \"描述\": \"Sign up for CMS market press releases and emails, and subscribe to blogs by industry leaders. Since CMS is steadily taking over from traditional web programming, there are many new, developing programs that can quickly corner the market.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider contributing to open source CMS systems.\", \"描述\": \"Open source programs are created by CMS experts in their spare time, and then they are reviewed by industry peers. If you donate some time to helping improve these systems, and you get good reviews, you can use that on a resume, to show your prowess with CMS.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn to train business owners and departments in different CMS programs.\", \"描述\": \"A CMS expert must also be a teacher, because the advantage of CMS is that the business can easily update their database with little, or no, coding. If you cannot successfully communicate how to use CMS to others, then you will not be able to market yourself as an expert.\\nBe prepared to explain to clients and customers why they would choose CMS over traditional web programming. There are many reasons, including the fact that CMS is easy for employees to use and update and you don't have to contact your web developer every time you want to change something on your site.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"CMS Expert Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide how you would like to work as a CMS expert.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have the required education and experience, you can market yourself as a CMS expert. Choose to market yourself in 1 of the following ways:\\nBecome a freelance web developer or CMS expert. You will need to set up a corporation or sole proprietorship where you market your CMS services to small or large businesses. You should be able to evaluate all the CMS options and tell your customer what would work best. Keep in mind that you will need to be available to your customers, in case of problems with their CMS.\\nSeek a job at a CMS consulting firm. Although there are not many firms that specialize directly in CMS, there is a growing demand for people who can look at all the options and suggest what's best according to a company's needs.\\nSeek a job in CMS development. Either create your own CMS, if you think you have an idea on how to make and improve upon what is available now, or look for jobs with leading CMS programs. Any evaluated work on open source CMS development will help you to get a job in this industry.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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5,295 |
How to Become a Contortionist
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1. Doing Contortion Stretching
1-1. Be aware of the two different types of contortionists.
There are two different types of contortionists: front benders and back benders. These two types are based on the contortionist’s ability to hyperextend their spine. A front bender is often better at forward bending and a back bender is often better at back bending.
Women are known to be good back benders, but men can also develop flexibility in back bending positions with enough practice, so don't be discouraged just because of your sex. The younger you are, the easier!
Many contortionists incorporate their type of contortion into a performance, moving from contortion posture to contortion posture as part of a routine or a dance. With enough practice and dedication, you can start to create your own contortion routine, showcasing your best postures.
1-2. Warm up before you do any stretching.
Make it a habit to always warm up before you get into any contortion stretching. This will prevent you from getting injured and allow your muscles to warm up and become more flexible.
Start by twisting and stretching your joints. Do this by doing a full range of motion for every joint in your body, from rotating your neck and head to twisting your wrists and ankles. Be gentle when doing this, as you only want to stretch your joints, not stress them out.
Do at least thirty minutes of cardio exercise. This could be jogging, running, jumping jacks, or rowing. Your muscles are more flexible when your body temperature is one to two degrees higher than normal. Get your heart rate going and break a little sweat with cardio so you can then ease into your stretches.
1-3. Practice leg stretches.
Leg stretches will help your muscles prepare for contortion movements that require a wide range of motion in your legs and hips.
Start by putting weight into your right leg, with your toes firmly on the exercise mat. Slowly raise your left leg, gripping your big toe with your left thumb and forefinger.
Raise your left leg as high as you can, stretching your leg to the ceiling. If possible, try to straighten your left leg until it is vertical and wrap your left hand and right hand over your leg. This will help you build flexibility in your leg muscles.
Repeat these steps for your right leg, stretching your right leg to the ceiling.
1-4. Try hip stretches.
Open up your hips so they feel ready for contortion movements. These hip stretches are similar to yoga hip openers, where you focus on breathing deeply in a hip-opening pose for several breaths.
Start in a lunge position, with your left leg extended behind you. Make sure your right knee does not extend past your ankle and that your left leg is balanced on the ball of your left foot. Slowly rock back and forth, feeling the stretch in your right and left hip. Place your hands on the inside of your right foot and lower your left leg until your knee, shin, and foot are flat on the mat.
Inhale and slowly lower on your hands as far as you can go, whether this is upright on the palms of your hands, bent at the elbows, or on your forearms. Inhale and exhale as you feel the stretch in your hips, holding this pose for six to eight breaths.
Come out of the pose the same way you went in, by coming back onto your hands and tucking your back leg. Then, bring your back left leg to meet your right leg and end in a forward fold position.
Repeat this stretch on your left side, with your right leg extended behind you.
1-5. Practice full splits
The splits will help you stretch your leg and hip muscles. Depending on your level of flexibility, you may be able to only go halfway down in the splits or you may be able to touch the ground in the splits. If you are still working on getting all the way to the ground, you should continue to work on your splits as part of your daily stretching routine.
To go into the full splits, you should start with your right leg facing forward, with your left leg three to four feet behind your right leg. Slowly inch your legs in opposite directions until you can place your hands on either side of your right leg with your palms flat on the mat.
Use your hands for support as you continue to inch your legs in opposite directions until your pelvis reaches the mat and you are in the full splits. Extend your hands and face forward. Breathe in this position for six to eight breaths.
Then, come out of the splits by placing your hands on either side of your pelvis. Use your arms to help you pull your legs together and bend them behind you. Come back into the center of the mat and slowly rise to standing.
Repeat these movements on the other side, with your left leg facing forward and your right leg behind you.
1-6. Do backbends
Backbends are a great way to strengthen your back muscles and improve your flexibility. Many contortion poses require flexible back muscles and back bends are a good way to do this in a safe way.
Begin on your back, with your legs bent and an arm's length away from you. You can measure this by stretching out your hands to ensure you can touch the backs of your feet.
Place your hands on either side of your head, with your palms flat on the mat. Inhale as you put weight into your legs and arms, raising your head off the ground. Rest for a breath on the top of your head, with no weight in your head, and then use your arms and legs to push yourself up into a backbend.
Hold the backbend for six to eight breaths, making sure your head is relaxed and you are putting equal weight into your arms and legs. You should feel a stretch in your back muscles.
When you are ready to come out of the pose, tuck your chin to your chest and slowly lower your back down to the mat. Sway your legs from side to side for a breath and try another backbend. However, try not to overextend your back muscles and only do another backbend if your body appears open to the idea.
1-7. Practice contortion stretches at least one hour a day.
Many contortionists do contortion stretching at least one to three hours a day to ensure their bodies stay flexible. You can start by committing to one hour a day of stretching and then slowly increase this amount to three hours a day, breaking it up so you stretch one hour in the morning, one hour in the afternoon, and one hour in the evening.
Skipping or missing one day of stretching can actually reduce your flexibility and increase the amount of time it takes you to do certain contortion poses.
2. Creating a Contortion Practice Routine
2-1. Try the scorpion pose.
This is a basic contortion pose that requires the stretching of your legs and your back. Always do leg and back stretches before trying this pose.
Begin with your left foot firmly planted on the exercise mat and raise your left arm to shoulder level. You will use your left arm to help you stay balanced and focused in this pose.
Raise your right foot and bend it at the knee. Grip your right toes with your right hand and slowly extend your right foot out and upward. Maintain your balance by looking at the tips of your left hand as you extend your right foot.
Continue to extend your right foot until it is at its highest point. Raise your left hand and bring it over your head to meet your right hand and your right foot. You are now in a basic scorpion pose.
To extend the scorpion pose further, slowly walk your right hand and your left hand down your right foot until they grip your right shin. Extend your right leg until it is completely straight. You are now in a full scorpion pose, a common contortionist pose.
Repeat the same steps on your left side with your left leg raised and extended behind you.
2-2. Do rising and falling back bends.
This is a variation on a standard backbend that will help you to build flexibility in your back muscles and strengthen your abdominal muscles.
Begin with your legs hip width apart on the mat and your arms extended over your head. Make sure your arms are stiff and strong as this will prevent you from falling on your head when you fall into the backbend.
Look at your fingertips and keep your arms straight and strong as you let your arms and your gaze move behind you. Continue to look at your fingertips as your hands reach the mat behind you.
Once you are in a backbend, put even weight in your heels and slowly raise your arms off the mat. Try to find a center of balance so both arms can hang at your sides as you are upside down. Wrap your right hand around your right knee and wrap your left hand around your left knee for a nice back stretch.
To do a rising back bend, place your hands back on the mat and use your abdominal muscles to slowly pull your upper body back up into a standing position.
2-3. Try bent leg splits.
This is a variation on full splits that allows you to show off your flexibility and add a cool looking contortion move to your repertoire.
Start by going into the full splits on your right side, with your right leg extended forward and your left leg extended backward.
Raise your right arm and reach it back behind you. Inhale as you slowly bend your left leg and wrap your right arm around your left foot. Place your left foot on your forehead, extending your neck back as well. Hold this pose for one to two breaths and then move out of the splits.
Repeat these movements on the left side, with your left leg extended forward and your right leg extended backward. You will then raise your left arm and wrap it around your bent right foot.
2-4. Practice the chin stand pose.
This pose is one of the more advanced backbend contortion poses and a real show stopper. You should work very slowly through this pose and always warm up your back muscles before attempting it.
Begin by doing a falling backbend. Then, walk your arms forward between your legs until you can place your chin on the mat. Keep your arms bent by your head and make sure there is very little weight on your chin.
Let your chest and back muscle support you as you raise your hands off the ground. If you are comfortable in this position, you can place your arms back on the ground and work on raising your legs off the ground. Over time, you want to work on bending your legs and placing your toes on the top of your head.
To get out of this position, you will tuck your arms into your sides and raise your legs off the ground until they are back behind you. Rise up on your elbows and slowly come back to seated or stay on your stomach and rest for a moment.
It is better to do a chin stand with an instructor or someone who can support you when you fall. Prepare your body by doing sun salutations or downward and upward dog poses.
Place two yoga blocks near the wall and place your shoulders on them to relieve pressure for the chin on the floor. Bring the tailbone up to the ceiling in a downward dog position and walk forward until the back is straight.
Kick one leg up until you hit the wall, then do the other leg the same way. After you gain enough balance, try keeping your legs off the wall.
2-5. Work on contortion poses at least one to three hours a day.
Similar to stretching, contortion poses require a lot of practice on a consistent basis. Doing one to three hours a day of contortion poses can help you to build your flexibility and strength.
You can also start to link each movement together to create a contortion routine. Try to move from a back bend to a full split or a falling back bend to a chin stand, for example, and time these poses to music. Over time, you can try to link together four to five poses and set them to music, allowing you to create your own contortion routine.
3. Getting Professional Guidance
3-1. Watch example videos online.
There are many contortionist videos online that you can watch to get a better sense of contortionist movements and stretching. Look for videos that showcase contortion routines by trained professionals, as this will allow you to have a visual reference for your own contortion routine.
3-2. Join a contortion class.
Contortion classes can be found at performing arts schools, gyms, and yoga studios. Make sure the classes are taught by an experienced contortionist who uses safe and accessible exercises to deepen your stretches and movements.
3-3. Get one on one training with a contortion coach.
If you feel you have reached a certain point in your contortion training and are looking to try more advanced contortion movements, you may seek out a contortion coach, who is usually a contortionist themselves. A contortion coach can often be found by word of mouth in the performing arts community, online, or through an in-person contortion class. Ask the instructor of your contortion class if she has any suggestions on contortion coaches who can work one on one with you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:39",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Doing Contortion Stretching\\n1-1. Be aware of the two different types of contortionists.\\nThere are two different types of contortionists: front benders and back benders. These two types are based on the contortionist’s ability to hyperextend their spine. A front bender is often better at forward bending and a back bender is often better at back bending.\\nWomen are known to be good back benders, but men can also develop flexibility in back bending positions with enough practice, so don't be discouraged just because of your sex. The younger you are, the easier!\\nMany contortionists incorporate their type of contortion into a performance, moving from contortion posture to contortion posture as part of a routine or a dance. With enough practice and dedication, you can start to create your own contortion routine, showcasing your best postures.\\n1-2. Warm up before you do any stretching.\\nMake it a habit to always warm up before you get into any contortion stretching. This will prevent you from getting injured and allow your muscles to warm up and become more flexible.\\nStart by twisting and stretching your joints. Do this by doing a full range of motion for every joint in your body, from rotating your neck and head to twisting your wrists and ankles. Be gentle when doing this, as you only want to stretch your joints, not stress them out.\\nDo at least thirty minutes of cardio exercise. This could be jogging, running, jumping jacks, or rowing. Your muscles are more flexible when your body temperature is one to two degrees higher than normal. Get your heart rate going and break a little sweat with cardio so you can then ease into your stretches.\\n1-3. Practice leg stretches.\\nLeg stretches will help your muscles prepare for contortion movements that require a wide range of motion in your legs and hips.\\nStart by putting weight into your right leg, with your toes firmly on the exercise mat. Slowly raise your left leg, gripping your big toe with your left thumb and forefinger.\\nRaise your left leg as high as you can, stretching your leg to the ceiling. If possible, try to straighten your left leg until it is vertical and wrap your left hand and right hand over your leg. This will help you build flexibility in your leg muscles.\\nRepeat these steps for your right leg, stretching your right leg to the ceiling.\\n1-4. Try hip stretches.\\nOpen up your hips so they feel ready for contortion movements. These hip stretches are similar to yoga hip openers, where you focus on breathing deeply in a hip-opening pose for several breaths.\\nStart in a lunge position, with your left leg extended behind you. Make sure your right knee does not extend past your ankle and that your left leg is balanced on the ball of your left foot. Slowly rock back and forth, feeling the stretch in your right and left hip. Place your hands on the inside of your right foot and lower your left leg until your knee, shin, and foot are flat on the mat.\\nInhale and slowly lower on your hands as far as you can go, whether this is upright on the palms of your hands, bent at the elbows, or on your forearms. Inhale and exhale as you feel the stretch in your hips, holding this pose for six to eight breaths.\\nCome out of the pose the same way you went in, by coming back onto your hands and tucking your back leg. Then, bring your back left leg to meet your right leg and end in a forward fold position.\\nRepeat this stretch on your left side, with your right leg extended behind you.\\n1-5. Practice full splits\\nThe splits will help you stretch your leg and hip muscles. Depending on your level of flexibility, you may be able to only go halfway down in the splits or you may be able to touch the ground in the splits. If you are still working on getting all the way to the ground, you should continue to work on your splits as part of your daily stretching routine.\\nTo go into the full splits, you should start with your right leg facing forward, with your left leg three to four feet behind your right leg. Slowly inch your legs in opposite directions until you can place your hands on either side of your right leg with your palms flat on the mat.\\nUse your hands for support as you continue to inch your legs in opposite directions until your pelvis reaches the mat and you are in the full splits. Extend your hands and face forward. Breathe in this position for six to eight breaths.\\nThen, come out of the splits by placing your hands on either side of your pelvis. Use your arms to help you pull your legs together and bend them behind you. Come back into the center of the mat and slowly rise to standing.\\nRepeat these movements on the other side, with your left leg facing forward and your right leg behind you.\\n1-6. Do backbends\\nBackbends are a great way to strengthen your back muscles and improve your flexibility. Many contortion poses require flexible back muscles and back bends are a good way to do this in a safe way.\\nBegin on your back, with your legs bent and an arm's length away from you. You can measure this by stretching out your hands to ensure you can touch the backs of your feet.\\nPlace your hands on either side of your head, with your palms flat on the mat. Inhale as you put weight into your legs and arms, raising your head off the ground. Rest for a breath on the top of your head, with no weight in your head, and then use your arms and legs to push yourself up into a backbend.\\nHold the backbend for six to eight breaths, making sure your head is relaxed and you are putting equal weight into your arms and legs. You should feel a stretch in your back muscles.\\nWhen you are ready to come out of the pose, tuck your chin to your chest and slowly lower your back down to the mat. Sway your legs from side to side for a breath and try another backbend. However, try not to overextend your back muscles and only do another backbend if your body appears open to the idea.\\n1-7. Practice contortion stretches at least one hour a day.\\nMany contortionists do contortion stretching at least one to three hours a day to ensure their bodies stay flexible. You can start by committing to one hour a day of stretching and then slowly increase this amount to three hours a day, breaking it up so you stretch one hour in the morning, one hour in the afternoon, and one hour in the evening.\\nSkipping or missing one day of stretching can actually reduce your flexibility and increase the amount of time it takes you to do certain contortion poses.\\n2. Creating a Contortion Practice Routine\\n2-1. Try the scorpion pose.\\nThis is a basic contortion pose that requires the stretching of your legs and your back. Always do leg and back stretches before trying this pose.\\nBegin with your left foot firmly planted on the exercise mat and raise your left arm to shoulder level. You will use your left arm to help you stay balanced and focused in this pose.\\nRaise your right foot and bend it at the knee. Grip your right toes with your right hand and slowly extend your right foot out and upward. Maintain your balance by looking at the tips of your left hand as you extend your right foot.\\nContinue to extend your right foot until it is at its highest point. Raise your left hand and bring it over your head to meet your right hand and your right foot. You are now in a basic scorpion pose.\\nTo extend the scorpion pose further, slowly walk your right hand and your left hand down your right foot until they grip your right shin. Extend your right leg until it is completely straight. You are now in a full scorpion pose, a common contortionist pose.\\nRepeat the same steps on your left side with your left leg raised and extended behind you.\\n2-2. Do rising and falling back bends.\\nThis is a variation on a standard backbend that will help you to build flexibility in your back muscles and strengthen your abdominal muscles.\\nBegin with your legs hip width apart on the mat and your arms extended over your head. Make sure your arms are stiff and strong as this will prevent you from falling on your head when you fall into the backbend.\\nLook at your fingertips and keep your arms straight and strong as you let your arms and your gaze move behind you. Continue to look at your fingertips as your hands reach the mat behind you.\\nOnce you are in a backbend, put even weight in your heels and slowly raise your arms off the mat. Try to find a center of balance so both arms can hang at your sides as you are upside down. Wrap your right hand around your right knee and wrap your left hand around your left knee for a nice back stretch.\\nTo do a rising back bend, place your hands back on the mat and use your abdominal muscles to slowly pull your upper body back up into a standing position.\\n2-3. Try bent leg splits.\\nThis is a variation on full splits that allows you to show off your flexibility and add a cool looking contortion move to your repertoire.\\nStart by going into the full splits on your right side, with your right leg extended forward and your left leg extended backward.\\nRaise your right arm and reach it back behind you. Inhale as you slowly bend your left leg and wrap your right arm around your left foot. Place your left foot on your forehead, extending your neck back as well. Hold this pose for one to two breaths and then move out of the splits.\\nRepeat these movements on the left side, with your left leg extended forward and your right leg extended backward. You will then raise your left arm and wrap it around your bent right foot.\\n2-4. Practice the chin stand pose.\\nThis pose is one of the more advanced backbend contortion poses and a real show stopper. You should work very slowly through this pose and always warm up your back muscles before attempting it.\\nBegin by doing a falling backbend. Then, walk your arms forward between your legs until you can place your chin on the mat. Keep your arms bent by your head and make sure there is very little weight on your chin.\\nLet your chest and back muscle support you as you raise your hands off the ground. If you are comfortable in this position, you can place your arms back on the ground and work on raising your legs off the ground. Over time, you want to work on bending your legs and placing your toes on the top of your head.\\nTo get out of this position, you will tuck your arms into your sides and raise your legs off the ground until they are back behind you. Rise up on your elbows and slowly come back to seated or stay on your stomach and rest for a moment.\\nIt is better to do a chin stand with an instructor or someone who can support you when you fall. Prepare your body by doing sun salutations or downward and upward dog poses. \\nPlace two yoga blocks near the wall and place your shoulders on them to relieve pressure for the chin on the floor. Bring the tailbone up to the ceiling in a downward dog position and walk forward until the back is straight. \\nKick one leg up until you hit the wall, then do the other leg the same way. After you gain enough balance, try keeping your legs off the wall.\\n2-5. Work on contortion poses at least one to three hours a day.\\nSimilar to stretching, contortion poses require a lot of practice on a consistent basis. Doing one to three hours a day of contortion poses can help you to build your flexibility and strength.\\nYou can also start to link each movement together to create a contortion routine. Try to move from a back bend to a full split or a falling back bend to a chin stand, for example, and time these poses to music. Over time, you can try to link together four to five poses and set them to music, allowing you to create your own contortion routine.\\n3. Getting Professional Guidance\\n3-1. Watch example videos online.\\nThere are many contortionist videos online that you can watch to get a better sense of contortionist movements and stretching. Look for videos that showcase contortion routines by trained professionals, as this will allow you to have a visual reference for your own contortion routine.\\n3-2. Join a contortion class.\\nContortion classes can be found at performing arts schools, gyms, and yoga studios. Make sure the classes are taught by an experienced contortionist who uses safe and accessible exercises to deepen your stretches and movements.\\n3-3. Get one on one training with a contortion coach.\\nIf you feel you have reached a certain point in your contortion training and are looking to try more advanced contortion movements, you may seek out a contortion coach, who is usually a contortionist themselves. A contortion coach can often be found by word of mouth in the performing arts community, online, or through an in-person contortion class. Ask the instructor of your contortion class if she has any suggestions on contortion coaches who can work one on one with you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Contortionists are skilled at stretching their bodies into different shapes, with good balance skill. Mostly due to spinal flexibility and strength. You may think you need to be born flexible or double-jointed to become a contortionist, but in fact, with enough practice and stretching, you can learn basic contortion movements. Always warm up your muscles before trying contortion stretching and exercises on your own, as you do not want to pull a muscle or injure yourself. Seeking professional guidance from a contortionist teacher or coach can also help you to become more flexible and go deeper into contortionist movements.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Doing Contortion Stretching\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be aware of the two different types of contortionists.\", \"描述\": \"There are two different types of contortionists: front benders and back benders. These two types are based on the contortionist’s ability to hyperextend their spine. A front bender is often better at forward bending and a back bender is often better at back bending.\\nWomen are known to be good back benders, but men can also develop flexibility in back bending positions with enough practice, so don't be discouraged just because of your sex. The younger you are, the easier!\\nMany contortionists incorporate their type of contortion into a performance, moving from contortion posture to contortion posture as part of a routine or a dance. With enough practice and dedication, you can start to create your own contortion routine, showcasing your best postures.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Warm up before you do any stretching.\", \"描述\": \"Make it a habit to always warm up before you get into any contortion stretching. This will prevent you from getting injured and allow your muscles to warm up and become more flexible.\\nStart by twisting and stretching your joints. Do this by doing a full range of motion for every joint in your body, from rotating your neck and head to twisting your wrists and ankles. Be gentle when doing this, as you only want to stretch your joints, not stress them out.\\nDo at least thirty minutes of cardio exercise. This could be jogging, running, jumping jacks, or rowing. Your muscles are more flexible when your body temperature is one to two degrees higher than normal. Get your heart rate going and break a little sweat with cardio so you can then ease into your stretches.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice leg stretches.\", \"描述\": \"Leg stretches will help your muscles prepare for contortion movements that require a wide range of motion in your legs and hips.\\nStart by putting weight into your right leg, with your toes firmly on the exercise mat. Slowly raise your left leg, gripping your big toe with your left thumb and forefinger.\\nRaise your left leg as high as you can, stretching your leg to the ceiling. If possible, try to straighten your left leg until it is vertical and wrap your left hand and right hand over your leg. This will help you build flexibility in your leg muscles.\\nRepeat these steps for your right leg, stretching your right leg to the ceiling.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try hip stretches.\", \"描述\": \"Open up your hips so they feel ready for contortion movements. These hip stretches are similar to yoga hip openers, where you focus on breathing deeply in a hip-opening pose for several breaths.\\nStart in a lunge position, with your left leg extended behind you. Make sure your right knee does not extend past your ankle and that your left leg is balanced on the ball of your left foot. Slowly rock back and forth, feeling the stretch in your right and left hip. Place your hands on the inside of your right foot and lower your left leg until your knee, shin, and foot are flat on the mat.\\nInhale and slowly lower on your hands as far as you can go, whether this is upright on the palms of your hands, bent at the elbows, or on your forearms. Inhale and exhale as you feel the stretch in your hips, holding this pose for six to eight breaths.\\nCome out of the pose the same way you went in, by coming back onto your hands and tucking your back leg. Then, bring your back left leg to meet your right leg and end in a forward fold position.\\nRepeat this stretch on your left side, with your right leg extended behind you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice full splits\", \"描述\": \"The splits will help you stretch your leg and hip muscles. Depending on your level of flexibility, you may be able to only go halfway down in the splits or you may be able to touch the ground in the splits. If you are still working on getting all the way to the ground, you should continue to work on your splits as part of your daily stretching routine.\\nTo go into the full splits, you should start with your right leg facing forward, with your left leg three to four feet behind your right leg. Slowly inch your legs in opposite directions until you can place your hands on either side of your right leg with your palms flat on the mat.\\nUse your hands for support as you continue to inch your legs in opposite directions until your pelvis reaches the mat and you are in the full splits. Extend your hands and face forward. Breathe in this position for six to eight breaths.\\nThen, come out of the splits by placing your hands on either side of your pelvis. Use your arms to help you pull your legs together and bend them behind you. Come back into the center of the mat and slowly rise to standing.\\nRepeat these movements on the other side, with your left leg facing forward and your right leg behind you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do backbends\", \"描述\": \"Backbends are a great way to strengthen your back muscles and improve your flexibility. Many contortion poses require flexible back muscles and back bends are a good way to do this in a safe way.\\nBegin on your back, with your legs bent and an arm's length away from you. You can measure this by stretching out your hands to ensure you can touch the backs of your feet.\\nPlace your hands on either side of your head, with your palms flat on the mat. Inhale as you put weight into your legs and arms, raising your head off the ground. Rest for a breath on the top of your head, with no weight in your head, and then use your arms and legs to push yourself up into a backbend.\\nHold the backbend for six to eight breaths, making sure your head is relaxed and you are putting equal weight into your arms and legs. You should feel a stretch in your back muscles.\\nWhen you are ready to come out of the pose, tuck your chin to your chest and slowly lower your back down to the mat. Sway your legs from side to side for a breath and try another backbend. However, try not to overextend your back muscles and only do another backbend if your body appears open to the idea.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Practice contortion stretches at least one hour a day.\", \"描述\": \"Many contortionists do contortion stretching at least one to three hours a day to ensure their bodies stay flexible. You can start by committing to one hour a day of stretching and then slowly increase this amount to three hours a day, breaking it up so you stretch one hour in the morning, one hour in the afternoon, and one hour in the evening.\\nSkipping or missing one day of stretching can actually reduce your flexibility and increase the amount of time it takes you to do certain contortion poses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Creating a Contortion Practice Routine\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try the scorpion pose.\", \"描述\": \"This is a basic contortion pose that requires the stretching of your legs and your back. Always do leg and back stretches before trying this pose.\\nBegin with your left foot firmly planted on the exercise mat and raise your left arm to shoulder level. You will use your left arm to help you stay balanced and focused in this pose.\\nRaise your right foot and bend it at the knee. Grip your right toes with your right hand and slowly extend your right foot out and upward. Maintain your balance by looking at the tips of your left hand as you extend your right foot.\\nContinue to extend your right foot until it is at its highest point. Raise your left hand and bring it over your head to meet your right hand and your right foot. You are now in a basic scorpion pose.\\nTo extend the scorpion pose further, slowly walk your right hand and your left hand down your right foot until they grip your right shin. Extend your right leg until it is completely straight. You are now in a full scorpion pose, a common contortionist pose.\\nRepeat the same steps on your left side with your left leg raised and extended behind you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do rising and falling back bends.\", \"描述\": \"This is a variation on a standard backbend that will help you to build flexibility in your back muscles and strengthen your abdominal muscles.\\nBegin with your legs hip width apart on the mat and your arms extended over your head. Make sure your arms are stiff and strong as this will prevent you from falling on your head when you fall into the backbend.\\nLook at your fingertips and keep your arms straight and strong as you let your arms and your gaze move behind you. Continue to look at your fingertips as your hands reach the mat behind you.\\nOnce you are in a backbend, put even weight in your heels and slowly raise your arms off the mat. Try to find a center of balance so both arms can hang at your sides as you are upside down. Wrap your right hand around your right knee and wrap your left hand around your left knee for a nice back stretch.\\nTo do a rising back bend, place your hands back on the mat and use your abdominal muscles to slowly pull your upper body back up into a standing position.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try bent leg splits.\", \"描述\": \"This is a variation on full splits that allows you to show off your flexibility and add a cool looking contortion move to your repertoire.\\nStart by going into the full splits on your right side, with your right leg extended forward and your left leg extended backward.\\nRaise your right arm and reach it back behind you. Inhale as you slowly bend your left leg and wrap your right arm around your left foot. Place your left foot on your forehead, extending your neck back as well. Hold this pose for one to two breaths and then move out of the splits.\\nRepeat these movements on the left side, with your left leg extended forward and your right leg extended backward. You will then raise your left arm and wrap it around your bent right foot.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice the chin stand pose.\", \"描述\": \"This pose is one of the more advanced backbend contortion poses and a real show stopper. You should work very slowly through this pose and always warm up your back muscles before attempting it.\\nBegin by doing a falling backbend. Then, walk your arms forward between your legs until you can place your chin on the mat. Keep your arms bent by your head and make sure there is very little weight on your chin.\\nLet your chest and back muscle support you as you raise your hands off the ground. If you are comfortable in this position, you can place your arms back on the ground and work on raising your legs off the ground. Over time, you want to work on bending your legs and placing your toes on the top of your head.\\nTo get out of this position, you will tuck your arms into your sides and raise your legs off the ground until they are back behind you. Rise up on your elbows and slowly come back to seated or stay on your stomach and rest for a moment.\\nIt is better to do a chin stand with an instructor or someone who can support you when you fall. Prepare your body by doing sun salutations or downward and upward dog poses. \\nPlace two yoga blocks near the wall and place your shoulders on them to relieve pressure for the chin on the floor. Bring the tailbone up to the ceiling in a downward dog position and walk forward until the back is straight. \\nKick one leg up until you hit the wall, then do the other leg the same way. After you gain enough balance, try keeping your legs off the wall.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Work on contortion poses at least one to three hours a day.\", \"描述\": \"Similar to stretching, contortion poses require a lot of practice on a consistent basis. Doing one to three hours a day of contortion poses can help you to build your flexibility and strength.\\nYou can also start to link each movement together to create a contortion routine. Try to move from a back bend to a full split or a falling back bend to a chin stand, for example, and time these poses to music. Over time, you can try to link together four to five poses and set them to music, allowing you to create your own contortion routine.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Professional Guidance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Watch example videos online.\", \"描述\": \"There are many contortionist videos online that you can watch to get a better sense of contortionist movements and stretching. Look for videos that showcase contortion routines by trained professionals, as this will allow you to have a visual reference for your own contortion routine.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a contortion class.\", \"描述\": \"Contortion classes can be found at performing arts schools, gyms, and yoga studios. Make sure the classes are taught by an experienced contortionist who uses safe and accessible exercises to deepen your stretches and movements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get one on one training with a contortion coach.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel you have reached a certain point in your contortion training and are looking to try more advanced contortion movements, you may seek out a contortion coach, who is usually a contortionist themselves. A contortion coach can often be found by word of mouth in the performing arts community, online, or through an in-person contortion class. Ask the instructor of your contortion class if she has any suggestions on contortion coaches who can work one on one with you.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Contract Delivery Service for the United States Postal Service
|
1. Applying for a Transportation Contract
1-1. Determine what type of contract you need.
The USPS works with a variety of different types of delivery contractors. The type of contract you apply for will depend on what kind of transportation you or your organization can provide. To see which contract is the best match for you, check the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33): http://local300npmhu.org/wordpress-content/uploads/2013/07/Pub33-Mail-Transportation-CONTRACTING-Guide.pdf.
The types of transportation contracts include air, rail, water, and highway.
Highway contracts are the most common, and they can be held either by transportation companies or by individual owner-operators working out of their own vehicles.
1-2. Check if you meet the contractor eligibility requirements.
In order to work as a contracted mail delivery service, you’ll need to meet certain requirements. These may vary depending on the type of contract you’re applying for, so check with your local contracting officer for details. For example, to meet the basic requirements of a highway contractor, you must:
Be at least 21 years old
Live in or adjacent to the county where you will be working (if you’re an individual)
Do business in or adjacent to the county you’ll be servicing (if you’re a corporation)
1-3. Complete a Mailing List Application.
Once you’re ready to apply, fill out PS Form 5436 (Mailing List Application – Mail Transportation Services). You can find this form at the end of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33), or download it here: https://about.usps.com/forms/ps5436.pdf.
On the form, you will need to provide information about what type of business you have (if applicable), what kind of transportation equipment you can provide, and the type of route or contract you are interested in (e.g., air, water, rail, or highway).
1-4. Mail the application to your local contracting office.
Once you fill out the form, look up the address of your area’s contracting office or area distribution networks office and send it in. You can find a list of area offices on Page 6 of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide.
After you submit the application, you’ll be placed on a mailing list for your area so that you can receive information about contract opportunities.
1-5. Obtain a DUNS number if you are registering as an organization.
If you’re applying as a business organization, you’ll need a DUNS (Data Universal Number System) number in order to bid on a government contract. To get a DUNS number for your business, apply on the Dun & Bradstreet website: http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform/displayHomePage.do.
Before applying for a DUNS number, check to make sure that your organization does not already have one. Your organization’s financial department or grant administrator should have that information.
There is no cost to apply for a DUNS number.
1-6. Register as a federal contractor with SAM if you represent an organization.
If you want to bid on contracts with the USPS as an organization, you’ll also need to register with SAM (System for Award Management), formerly CCR (Central Contractor Registration). You can register with SAM or check on the status of your registration on the SAM.gov website: https://sam.gov/SAM/pages/public/index.jsf.
If you’ve already registered with SAM, you’ll need to update your registration at least once a year.
You must have a DUNS number before you can register with SAM.
There is no fee to register with SAM.
2. Finding Delivery Contract Opportunities
2-1. Check with your local contracting officer for opportunities.
After you submit a Mailing List Application to your local contracting office, you should start receiving information about opportunities through the mail. You can also call your local office or visit them in person to ask about possible opportunities.
To find addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers for your local contracting officer, check Page 6 of the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33).
2-2. Visit the FedBizOpps website to see contractor solicitations.
The USPS posts all its contractor opportunities on the FedBizOpps website (https://www.fbo.gov/). Go to the website to find out if the USPS is currently soliciting suppliers, such as companies that can supply mail transportation services.
The FedBizOpps website allows you to search for opportunities by region, type, keyword, or agency.
2-3. Use the USPS Supplier Registration system for organizational contracts.
Another way to find contracting opportunities is through the USPS Supplier Registration site. You can only use this site if you are applying for contracts as an organization (rather than an individual). To register your organization, visit the USPS eSourcing site.
After you register your organization, the USPS will contact you with possible contract opportunities.
If you win a bid on a contract, USPS will contact you with further instructions on how to proceed.
2-4. Search for individual delivery contractor jobs on general job websites.
If you’re an individual looking for a job as a contracted mail carrier, you may be able to find local opportunities through job websites like Indeed or SimplyHired. Do an online search using terms like “contract mail carrier” or “USPS contract driver.”
Check the specific requirements for each job to make sure you qualify. For example, most delivery contract positions require that you have your own vehicle, a valid driver’s license, and 2-5 years of driving experience.
You will likely need to pass a background check and be cleared for the position by the USPS.
Your vehicle may also need to meet certain specifications in order to qualify for mail delivery.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying for a Transportation Contract\\n1-1. Determine what type of contract you need.\\nThe USPS works with a variety of different types of delivery contractors. The type of contract you apply for will depend on what kind of transportation you or your organization can provide. To see which contract is the best match for you, check the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33): http://local300npmhu.org/wordpress-content/uploads/2013/07/Pub33-Mail-Transportation-CONTRACTING-Guide.pdf.\\nThe types of transportation contracts include air, rail, water, and highway.\\nHighway contracts are the most common, and they can be held either by transportation companies or by individual owner-operators working out of their own vehicles.\\n1-2. Check if you meet the contractor eligibility requirements.\\nIn order to work as a contracted mail delivery service, you’ll need to meet certain requirements. These may vary depending on the type of contract you’re applying for, so check with your local contracting officer for details. For example, to meet the basic requirements of a highway contractor, you must:\\nBe at least 21 years old\\nLive in or adjacent to the county where you will be working (if you’re an individual)\\nDo business in or adjacent to the county you’ll be servicing (if you’re a corporation)\\n1-3. Complete a Mailing List Application.\\nOnce you’re ready to apply, fill out PS Form 5436 (Mailing List Application – Mail Transportation Services). You can find this form at the end of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33), or download it here: https://about.usps.com/forms/ps5436.pdf.\\nOn the form, you will need to provide information about what type of business you have (if applicable), what kind of transportation equipment you can provide, and the type of route or contract you are interested in (e.g., air, water, rail, or highway).\\n1-4. Mail the application to your local contracting office.\\nOnce you fill out the form, look up the address of your area’s contracting office or area distribution networks office and send it in. You can find a list of area offices on Page 6 of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide.\\nAfter you submit the application, you’ll be placed on a mailing list for your area so that you can receive information about contract opportunities.\\n1-5. Obtain a DUNS number if you are registering as an organization.\\nIf you’re applying as a business organization, you’ll need a DUNS (Data Universal Number System) number in order to bid on a government contract. To get a DUNS number for your business, apply on the Dun & Bradstreet website: http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform/displayHomePage.do.\\nBefore applying for a DUNS number, check to make sure that your organization does not already have one. Your organization’s financial department or grant administrator should have that information.\\nThere is no cost to apply for a DUNS number.\\n1-6. Register as a federal contractor with SAM if you represent an organization.\\nIf you want to bid on contracts with the USPS as an organization, you’ll also need to register with SAM (System for Award Management), formerly CCR (Central Contractor Registration). You can register with SAM or check on the status of your registration on the SAM.gov website: https://sam.gov/SAM/pages/public/index.jsf.\\nIf you’ve already registered with SAM, you’ll need to update your registration at least once a year.\\nYou must have a DUNS number before you can register with SAM.\\nThere is no fee to register with SAM.\\n2. Finding Delivery Contract Opportunities\\n2-1. Check with your local contracting officer for opportunities.\\nAfter you submit a Mailing List Application to your local contracting office, you should start receiving information about opportunities through the mail. You can also call your local office or visit them in person to ask about possible opportunities.\\nTo find addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers for your local contracting officer, check Page 6 of the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33).\\n2-2. Visit the FedBizOpps website to see contractor solicitations.\\nThe USPS posts all its contractor opportunities on the FedBizOpps website (https://www.fbo.gov/). Go to the website to find out if the USPS is currently soliciting suppliers, such as companies that can supply mail transportation services.\\nThe FedBizOpps website allows you to search for opportunities by region, type, keyword, or agency.\\n2-3. Use the USPS Supplier Registration system for organizational contracts.\\nAnother way to find contracting opportunities is through the USPS Supplier Registration site. You can only use this site if you are applying for contracts as an organization (rather than an individual). To register your organization, visit the USPS eSourcing site.\\nAfter you register your organization, the USPS will contact you with possible contract opportunities.\\nIf you win a bid on a contract, USPS will contact you with further instructions on how to proceed.\\n2-4. Search for individual delivery contractor jobs on general job websites.\\nIf you’re an individual looking for a job as a contracted mail carrier, you may be able to find local opportunities through job websites like Indeed or SimplyHired. Do an online search using terms like “contract mail carrier” or “USPS contract driver.”\\nCheck the specific requirements for each job to make sure you qualify. For example, most delivery contract positions require that you have your own vehicle, a valid driver’s license, and 2-5 years of driving experience.\\nYou will likely need to pass a background check and be cleared for the position by the USPS.\\nYour vehicle may also need to meet certain specifications in order to qualify for mail delivery.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The U.S. Postal Service has always relied on contractors to help deliver the mail, especially in rural or difficult to access areas. If you’re interested in working as a contract delivery service with the USPS, you can do so either as an individual or as an organization. To get started, you’ll need to make sure you meet the eligibility requirements and file the appropriate paperwork with the USPS.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying for a Transportation Contract\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine what type of contract you need.\", \"描述\": \"The USPS works with a variety of different types of delivery contractors. The type of contract you apply for will depend on what kind of transportation you or your organization can provide. To see which contract is the best match for you, check the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33): http://local300npmhu.org/wordpress-content/uploads/2013/07/Pub33-Mail-Transportation-CONTRACTING-Guide.pdf.\\nThe types of transportation contracts include air, rail, water, and highway.\\nHighway contracts are the most common, and they can be held either by transportation companies or by individual owner-operators working out of their own vehicles.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check if you meet the contractor eligibility requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In order to work as a contracted mail delivery service, you’ll need to meet certain requirements. These may vary depending on the type of contract you’re applying for, so check with your local contracting officer for details. For example, to meet the basic requirements of a highway contractor, you must:\\nBe at least 21 years old\\nLive in or adjacent to the county where you will be working (if you’re an individual)\\nDo business in or adjacent to the county you’ll be servicing (if you’re a corporation)\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a Mailing List Application.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re ready to apply, fill out PS Form 5436 (Mailing List Application – Mail Transportation Services). You can find this form at the end of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33), or download it here: https://about.usps.com/forms/ps5436.pdf.\\nOn the form, you will need to provide information about what type of business you have (if applicable), what kind of transportation equipment you can provide, and the type of route or contract you are interested in (e.g., air, water, rail, or highway).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mail the application to your local contracting office.\", \"描述\": \"Once you fill out the form, look up the address of your area’s contracting office or area distribution networks office and send it in. You can find a list of area offices on Page 6 of the Mail Transportation Contracting Guide.\\nAfter you submit the application, you’ll be placed on a mailing list for your area so that you can receive information about contract opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtain a DUNS number if you are registering as an organization.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re applying as a business organization, you’ll need a DUNS (Data Universal Number System) number in order to bid on a government contract. To get a DUNS number for your business, apply on the Dun & Bradstreet website: http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform/displayHomePage.do.\\nBefore applying for a DUNS number, check to make sure that your organization does not already have one. Your organization’s financial department or grant administrator should have that information.\\nThere is no cost to apply for a DUNS number.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Register as a federal contractor with SAM if you represent an organization.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to bid on contracts with the USPS as an organization, you’ll also need to register with SAM (System for Award Management), formerly CCR (Central Contractor Registration). You can register with SAM or check on the status of your registration on the SAM.gov website: https://sam.gov/SAM/pages/public/index.jsf.\\nIf you’ve already registered with SAM, you’ll need to update your registration at least once a year.\\nYou must have a DUNS number before you can register with SAM.\\nThere is no fee to register with SAM.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding Delivery Contract Opportunities\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check with your local contracting officer for opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"After you submit a Mailing List Application to your local contracting office, you should start receiving information about opportunities through the mail. You can also call your local office or visit them in person to ask about possible opportunities.\\nTo find addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers for your local contracting officer, check Page 6 of the USPS Mail Transportation Contracting Guide (Publication 33).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit the FedBizOpps website to see contractor solicitations.\", \"描述\": \"The USPS posts all its contractor opportunities on the FedBizOpps website (https://www.fbo.gov/). Go to the website to find out if the USPS is currently soliciting suppliers, such as companies that can supply mail transportation services.\\nThe FedBizOpps website allows you to search for opportunities by region, type, keyword, or agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the USPS Supplier Registration system for organizational contracts.\", \"描述\": \"Another way to find contracting opportunities is through the USPS Supplier Registration site. You can only use this site if you are applying for contracts as an organization (rather than an individual). To register your organization, visit the USPS eSourcing site.\\nAfter you register your organization, the USPS will contact you with possible contract opportunities.\\nIf you win a bid on a contract, USPS will contact you with further instructions on how to proceed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Search for individual delivery contractor jobs on general job websites.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re an individual looking for a job as a contracted mail carrier, you may be able to find local opportunities through job websites like Indeed or SimplyHired. Do an online search using terms like “contract mail carrier” or “USPS contract driver.”\\nCheck the specific requirements for each job to make sure you qualify. For example, most delivery contract positions require that you have your own vehicle, a valid driver’s license, and 2-5 years of driving experience.\\nYou will likely need to pass a background check and be cleared for the position by the USPS.\\nYour vehicle may also need to meet certain specifications in order to qualify for mail delivery.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,297 |
How to Become a Coroner
|
1. Becoming a Deputy Coroner
1-1. Apply for a deputy coroner position.
Chief coroners usually have to have previous experience in death investigation (or specialized certification that requires the same). Deputy coroners, on the other hand, may only need to meet a handful of far less stringent prerequisites. Apply for an entry-level position first. Exact prerequisites may differ between states, counties, and municipalities, but at a minimum you will need a high school diploma or GED. Other requirements may include:
Valid driver’s license
Physical exam
Drug/alcohol test
Criminal background check
College degree
1-2. Be professional in your interview.
Be aware that, as a deputy coroner, you will be expected to interact with other agencies and contractors, families of the deceased, witnesses, and officers of the court. Anticipate that your interviewer will be assessing your ability to do these tasks based on how you present yourself in the interview. Put your best foot forward by doing the following:
Take care of your physical appearance. Groom yourself well. Dress professionally–in this case, as you would for a court appearance.
Listen carefully. Prove your ability to collect and remember important information by paying close attention to what your interviewer says.
Watch your body language. Make sure you sit and stand up straight. Maintain direct eye contact. Shake hands firmly but not aggressively.
Use the right terminology. Speak in professional terms. Avoid slang that may offend people or display insensitivity to the nature of the job.
1-3. Complete your probationary period.
Receive hands-on training that may last a year or more. Expect to work under intense supervision during this period. Duties that you will perform may include but are not limited to:
Identifying victims.
Informing family of victim’s death.
Researching victim’s medical history.
Investigating scenes.
Interviewing witnesses.
Coordinating with other offices and/or contractors.
Testifying in court.
1-4. Receive certification.
At some point during or after your probationary period, you will probably need to pass the National Police Officer Selection Test (POST). This is a general exam given to professionals working in law enforcement. You will also likely need to apply for certification as a death investigator through organizations like the American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators (ABMDI). Afterward, you will have to take and pass the Registry Examination. However, requirements vary by state, county, and/or municipalities.
POST exams test your skills in such areas as math, grammar, writing, and reading skills.
To apply for the Registry Examination, you must provide the ABMDI with professional references, as well as notarized proof that you have worked a minimum of 640 hours as a death investigator for a coroner or medical examiner.
All 640 hours must be completed within one jurisdiction. If you move in the meantime, you must complete a total of 640 hours with your new employer.
Registry Examinations test your ability to investigate deaths, communicate with families and other agencies, and handle evidence, plus your knowledge of science, ethics, and law.
2. Deciding Between Coroner and Medical Examiner
2-1. the difference between the two offices.
Although these two positions are similar in some ways, they differ from each other considerably. While the duties and prerequisites for a medical examiner may be more consistent from one locality to the next, those of a coroner vary a great deal. Know the difference between the two to decide which position adheres the most to your ambition.
Medical examiners are typically appointed. To be appointed, you need to be a licensed physician with a specialization in forensic pathology. Your primary purpose would be performing autopsies when needed and disclosing your conclusions to law enforcement.
Coroners may be elected or appointed. Depending on local laws, you may need to have the same qualifications and perform the same duties as a medical examiner. Or you may serve as more of an administrative head who contracts outside help, in which case the qualifications for your office may require less medical training.
2-2. Research local laws and hiring processes.
For any particular place where you wish to find employment, find out what prerequisites are demanded by the state, county, and municipality. Know what higher education, previous experience, and specialized training is required for that particular office. Determine whether you will have to run for office or simply apply for the job. Find out if your state even offers coroner positions.
States mandating that you must be a physician: Kansas; Louisiana; Minnesota; Ohio.
States demanding that you receive specialized training: Alabama; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Mississippi; Montana; Nebraska; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; West Virginia; Wyoming
States without coroner offices: Alaska; Arizona; Connecticut; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Iowa; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; Utah; Vermont; Virginia
2-3. Consider becoming a medical examiner.
If you are serious about pursuing death investigation as a lifelong career, improve your chances of finding well-paid employment by becoming a medical examiner. Whether a chief coroner position is filled by appointment or election, set yourself apart from other candidates with an impressive resume that is most relevant to the job in question. Increase your mobility with the necessary prerequisites to find employment elsewhere should you fail to be hired for a specific office.
3. Pursuing Higher Education to Become a Medical Examiner
3-1. Start early.
Begin your journey as early as high school. Research undergraduate and graduate schools that offer the best science and medical programs. Find out what they require for acceptance of applicants, including but not limited to: grades, activities, and volunteer work. Plan your high school career accordingly.
Pursue courses such as biology, chemistry, physiology, anatomy, first aid, and health.
Apply for Advanced Placement courses, particularly in science and math, if your school offers them.
Take college prep courses and tests.
3-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree.
Once you enroll in a four-year college or university, pursue a Bachelor of Science degree, preferably in pre-medicine. If you are already well on your way to obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree, be sure to fulfill and excel at all of your requisite courses in the sciences. Fill your free electives with as many related subjects (biology, chemistry, etc) as you can, or, if possible, double-major in pre-medicine or another science to improve your chances of advancing to medical school and/or being hired as a coroner in the future.
Decide a major. While some schools specifically offer “pre-med” as a major, others do not. Biology and chemistry majors are often pursued in absence of one. Though a science degree will better prepare you for med school, the exact nature of your major is less important than your performance, so whatever you major in, excel at it.
Challenge yourself. Even if you are able to cash in an AP credit earned in high school and thus skip a required course in college, take the course anyway. Cover the material over again to prepare yourself for future courses and tests. material that may not have been covered in your high school class. Stand out as someone who is willing to skip the easy path when you apply to med school later on.
Get an advisor. Although you may not technically need one in your first or second year, still meet with one as soon as possible. Map out a timeline for you to follow regarding which courses to take and when, prepping for the MCATS, and improving your future resumes and applications with plenty of volunteer- and research work.
3-3. Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).
In addition to obtaining a bachelor’s degree and a high GPA, take studying and prepping for the MCAT very seriously. Aim to score a 30 or more to improve your chances of being accepted into a medical school. If needed, take it multiple times.
You may take the MCAT three times in one testing year, four times in two back-to-back testing years, and seven times in total.
Medical schools may consider your highest score, your most recent score, or your average score.
3-4. Complete medical school.
Take required courses in anatomy as well as medical and administrative practice. Complete the mandatory hours of on-the-job training and clerkship (approximately 100 hours). Specialize in forensic pathology to how to identify the causes of death.
Make sure the school’s program has been approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA).
Specializing in forensic pathology will often involve you training and working with local coroners and/or medical examiners. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the job itself, from personal stories of how these professionals obtained their positions, and make connections.
3-5. Complete your residency.
After you finish medical school, join a residency program to finish your training. Residencies may last up to three years. Work with coroner and medical examiner’s offices to earn personal certification with the American Board of Pathology to become an officially recognized pathologist.
You can become certified for either Clinical Pathology (CP), Anatomical Pathology (AP), or both (AP/CP).
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a Deputy Coroner\\n1-1. Apply for a deputy coroner position.\\nChief coroners usually have to have previous experience in death investigation (or specialized certification that requires the same). Deputy coroners, on the other hand, may only need to meet a handful of far less stringent prerequisites. Apply for an entry-level position first. Exact prerequisites may differ between states, counties, and municipalities, but at a minimum you will need a high school diploma or GED. Other requirements may include:\\nValid driver’s license\\nPhysical exam\\nDrug/alcohol test\\nCriminal background check\\nCollege degree\\n1-2. Be professional in your interview.\\nBe aware that, as a deputy coroner, you will be expected to interact with other agencies and contractors, families of the deceased, witnesses, and officers of the court. Anticipate that your interviewer will be assessing your ability to do these tasks based on how you present yourself in the interview. Put your best foot forward by doing the following:\\nTake care of your physical appearance. Groom yourself well. Dress professionally–in this case, as you would for a court appearance.\\nListen carefully. Prove your ability to collect and remember important information by paying close attention to what your interviewer says.\\nWatch your body language. Make sure you sit and stand up straight. Maintain direct eye contact. Shake hands firmly but not aggressively.\\nUse the right terminology. Speak in professional terms. Avoid slang that may offend people or display insensitivity to the nature of the job.\\n1-3. Complete your probationary period.\\nReceive hands-on training that may last a year or more. Expect to work under intense supervision during this period. Duties that you will perform may include but are not limited to:\\nIdentifying victims.\\nInforming family of victim’s death.\\nResearching victim’s medical history.\\nInvestigating scenes.\\nInterviewing witnesses.\\nCoordinating with other offices and/or contractors.\\nTestifying in court.\\n1-4. Receive certification.\\nAt some point during or after your probationary period, you will probably need to pass the National Police Officer Selection Test (POST). This is a general exam given to professionals working in law enforcement. You will also likely need to apply for certification as a death investigator through organizations like the American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators (ABMDI). Afterward, you will have to take and pass the Registry Examination. However, requirements vary by state, county, and/or municipalities.\\nPOST exams test your skills in such areas as math, grammar, writing, and reading skills.\\nTo apply for the Registry Examination, you must provide the ABMDI with professional references, as well as notarized proof that you have worked a minimum of 640 hours as a death investigator for a coroner or medical examiner.\\nAll 640 hours must be completed within one jurisdiction. If you move in the meantime, you must complete a total of 640 hours with your new employer.\\nRegistry Examinations test your ability to investigate deaths, communicate with families and other agencies, and handle evidence, plus your knowledge of science, ethics, and law.\\n2. Deciding Between Coroner and Medical Examiner\\n2-1. the difference between the two offices.\\nAlthough these two positions are similar in some ways, they differ from each other considerably. While the duties and prerequisites for a medical examiner may be more consistent from one locality to the next, those of a coroner vary a great deal. Know the difference between the two to decide which position adheres the most to your ambition.\\nMedical examiners are typically appointed. To be appointed, you need to be a licensed physician with a specialization in forensic pathology. Your primary purpose would be performing autopsies when needed and disclosing your conclusions to law enforcement.\\nCoroners may be elected or appointed. Depending on local laws, you may need to have the same qualifications and perform the same duties as a medical examiner. Or you may serve as more of an administrative head who contracts outside help, in which case the qualifications for your office may require less medical training.\\n2-2. Research local laws and hiring processes.\\nFor any particular place where you wish to find employment, find out what prerequisites are demanded by the state, county, and municipality. Know what higher education, previous experience, and specialized training is required for that particular office. Determine whether you will have to run for office or simply apply for the job. Find out if your state even offers coroner positions.\\n\\nStates mandating that you must be a physician: Kansas; Louisiana; Minnesota; Ohio.\\nStates demanding that you receive specialized training: Alabama; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Mississippi; Montana; Nebraska; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; West Virginia; Wyoming\\nStates without coroner offices: Alaska; Arizona; Connecticut; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Iowa; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; Utah; Vermont; Virginia\\n2-3. Consider becoming a medical examiner.\\nIf you are serious about pursuing death investigation as a lifelong career, improve your chances of finding well-paid employment by becoming a medical examiner. Whether a chief coroner position is filled by appointment or election, set yourself apart from other candidates with an impressive resume that is most relevant to the job in question. Increase your mobility with the necessary prerequisites to find employment elsewhere should you fail to be hired for a specific office.\\n3. Pursuing Higher Education to Become a Medical Examiner\\n3-1. Start early.\\nBegin your journey as early as high school. Research undergraduate and graduate schools that offer the best science and medical programs. Find out what they require for acceptance of applicants, including but not limited to: grades, activities, and volunteer work. Plan your high school career accordingly.\\nPursue courses such as biology, chemistry, physiology, anatomy, first aid, and health.\\nApply for Advanced Placement courses, particularly in science and math, if your school offers them.\\nTake college prep courses and tests.\\n3-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree.\\nOnce you enroll in a four-year college or university, pursue a Bachelor of Science degree, preferably in pre-medicine. If you are already well on your way to obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree, be sure to fulfill and excel at all of your requisite courses in the sciences. Fill your free electives with as many related subjects (biology, chemistry, etc) as you can, or, if possible, double-major in pre-medicine or another science to improve your chances of advancing to medical school and/or being hired as a coroner in the future.\\nDecide a major. While some schools specifically offer “pre-med” as a major, others do not. Biology and chemistry majors are often pursued in absence of one. Though a science degree will better prepare you for med school, the exact nature of your major is less important than your performance, so whatever you major in, excel at it.\\nChallenge yourself. Even if you are able to cash in an AP credit earned in high school and thus skip a required course in college, take the course anyway. Cover the material over again to prepare yourself for future courses and tests. material that may not have been covered in your high school class. Stand out as someone who is willing to skip the easy path when you apply to med school later on.\\nGet an advisor. Although you may not technically need one in your first or second year, still meet with one as soon as possible. Map out a timeline for you to follow regarding which courses to take and when, prepping for the MCATS, and improving your future resumes and applications with plenty of volunteer- and research work.\\n3-3. Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).\\nIn addition to obtaining a bachelor’s degree and a high GPA, take studying and prepping for the MCAT very seriously. Aim to score a 30 or more to improve your chances of being accepted into a medical school. If needed, take it multiple times.\\nYou may take the MCAT three times in one testing year, four times in two back-to-back testing years, and seven times in total.\\nMedical schools may consider your highest score, your most recent score, or your average score.\\n3-4. Complete medical school.\\nTake required courses in anatomy as well as medical and administrative practice. Complete the mandatory hours of on-the-job training and clerkship (approximately 100 hours). Specialize in forensic pathology to how to identify the causes of death.\\nMake sure the school’s program has been approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA).\\nSpecializing in forensic pathology will often involve you training and working with local coroners and/or medical examiners. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the job itself, from personal stories of how these professionals obtained their positions, and make connections.\\n3-5. Complete your residency.\\nAfter you finish medical school, join a residency program to finish your training. Residencies may last up to three years. Work with coroner and medical examiner’s offices to earn personal certification with the American Board of Pathology to become an officially recognized pathologist.\\nYou can become certified for either Clinical Pathology (CP), Anatomical Pathology (AP), or both (AP/CP).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Although coroners and medical examiners are often thought of as being the same, coroners are a distinctly different office. Qualifications and hiring practices vary greatly from place to place. In some places, gaining an entry-level position requires few prerequisites, while in others you will more or less need the same training and education as a medical examiner.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Deputy Coroner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for a deputy coroner position.\", \"描述\": \"Chief coroners usually have to have previous experience in death investigation (or specialized certification that requires the same). Deputy coroners, on the other hand, may only need to meet a handful of far less stringent prerequisites. Apply for an entry-level position first. Exact prerequisites may differ between states, counties, and municipalities, but at a minimum you will need a high school diploma or GED. Other requirements may include:\\nValid driver’s license\\nPhysical exam\\nDrug/alcohol test\\nCriminal background check\\nCollege degree\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be professional in your interview.\", \"描述\": \"Be aware that, as a deputy coroner, you will be expected to interact with other agencies and contractors, families of the deceased, witnesses, and officers of the court. Anticipate that your interviewer will be assessing your ability to do these tasks based on how you present yourself in the interview. Put your best foot forward by doing the following:\\nTake care of your physical appearance. Groom yourself well. Dress professionally–in this case, as you would for a court appearance.\\nListen carefully. Prove your ability to collect and remember important information by paying close attention to what your interviewer says.\\nWatch your body language. Make sure you sit and stand up straight. Maintain direct eye contact. Shake hands firmly but not aggressively.\\nUse the right terminology. Speak in professional terms. Avoid slang that may offend people or display insensitivity to the nature of the job.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your probationary period.\", \"描述\": \"Receive hands-on training that may last a year or more. Expect to work under intense supervision during this period. Duties that you will perform may include but are not limited to:\\nIdentifying victims.\\nInforming family of victim’s death.\\nResearching victim’s medical history.\\nInvestigating scenes.\\nInterviewing witnesses.\\nCoordinating with other offices and/or contractors.\\nTestifying in court.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Receive certification.\", \"描述\": \"At some point during or after your probationary period, you will probably need to pass the National Police Officer Selection Test (POST). This is a general exam given to professionals working in law enforcement. You will also likely need to apply for certification as a death investigator through organizations like the American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators (ABMDI). Afterward, you will have to take and pass the Registry Examination. However, requirements vary by state, county, and/or municipalities.\\nPOST exams test your skills in such areas as math, grammar, writing, and reading skills.\\nTo apply for the Registry Examination, you must provide the ABMDI with professional references, as well as notarized proof that you have worked a minimum of 640 hours as a death investigator for a coroner or medical examiner.\\nAll 640 hours must be completed within one jurisdiction. If you move in the meantime, you must complete a total of 640 hours with your new employer.\\nRegistry Examinations test your ability to investigate deaths, communicate with families and other agencies, and handle evidence, plus your knowledge of science, ethics, and law.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Deciding Between Coroner and Medical Examiner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"the difference between the two offices.\", \"描述\": \"Although these two positions are similar in some ways, they differ from each other considerably. While the duties and prerequisites for a medical examiner may be more consistent from one locality to the next, those of a coroner vary a great deal. Know the difference between the two to decide which position adheres the most to your ambition.\\nMedical examiners are typically appointed. To be appointed, you need to be a licensed physician with a specialization in forensic pathology. Your primary purpose would be performing autopsies when needed and disclosing your conclusions to law enforcement.\\nCoroners may be elected or appointed. Depending on local laws, you may need to have the same qualifications and perform the same duties as a medical examiner. Or you may serve as more of an administrative head who contracts outside help, in which case the qualifications for your office may require less medical training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research local laws and hiring processes.\", \"描述\": \"For any particular place where you wish to find employment, find out what prerequisites are demanded by the state, county, and municipality. Know what higher education, previous experience, and specialized training is required for that particular office. Determine whether you will have to run for office or simply apply for the job. Find out if your state even offers coroner positions.\\n\\nStates mandating that you must be a physician: Kansas; Louisiana; Minnesota; Ohio.\\nStates demanding that you receive specialized training: Alabama; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Mississippi; Montana; Nebraska; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; West Virginia; Wyoming\\nStates without coroner offices: Alaska; Arizona; Connecticut; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Iowa; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; Utah; Vermont; Virginia\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider becoming a medical examiner.\", \"描述\": \"If you are serious about pursuing death investigation as a lifelong career, improve your chances of finding well-paid employment by becoming a medical examiner. Whether a chief coroner position is filled by appointment or election, set yourself apart from other candidates with an impressive resume that is most relevant to the job in question. Increase your mobility with the necessary prerequisites to find employment elsewhere should you fail to be hired for a specific office.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursuing Higher Education to Become a Medical Examiner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start early.\", \"描述\": \"Begin your journey as early as high school. Research undergraduate and graduate schools that offer the best science and medical programs. Find out what they require for acceptance of applicants, including but not limited to: grades, activities, and volunteer work. Plan your high school career accordingly.\\nPursue courses such as biology, chemistry, physiology, anatomy, first aid, and health.\\nApply for Advanced Placement courses, particularly in science and math, if your school offers them.\\nTake college prep courses and tests.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"Once you enroll in a four-year college or university, pursue a Bachelor of Science degree, preferably in pre-medicine. If you are already well on your way to obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree, be sure to fulfill and excel at all of your requisite courses in the sciences. Fill your free electives with as many related subjects (biology, chemistry, etc) as you can, or, if possible, double-major in pre-medicine or another science to improve your chances of advancing to medical school and/or being hired as a coroner in the future.\\nDecide a major. While some schools specifically offer “pre-med” as a major, others do not. Biology and chemistry majors are often pursued in absence of one. Though a science degree will better prepare you for med school, the exact nature of your major is less important than your performance, so whatever you major in, excel at it.\\nChallenge yourself. Even if you are able to cash in an AP credit earned in high school and thus skip a required course in college, take the course anyway. Cover the material over again to prepare yourself for future courses and tests. material that may not have been covered in your high school class. Stand out as someone who is willing to skip the easy path when you apply to med school later on.\\nGet an advisor. Although you may not technically need one in your first or second year, still meet with one as soon as possible. Map out a timeline for you to follow regarding which courses to take and when, prepping for the MCATS, and improving your future resumes and applications with plenty of volunteer- and research work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).\", \"描述\": \"In addition to obtaining a bachelor’s degree and a high GPA, take studying and prepping for the MCAT very seriously. Aim to score a 30 or more to improve your chances of being accepted into a medical school. If needed, take it multiple times.\\nYou may take the MCAT three times in one testing year, four times in two back-to-back testing years, and seven times in total.\\nMedical schools may consider your highest score, your most recent score, or your average score.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete medical school.\", \"描述\": \"Take required courses in anatomy as well as medical and administrative practice. Complete the mandatory hours of on-the-job training and clerkship (approximately 100 hours). Specialize in forensic pathology to how to identify the causes of death.\\nMake sure the school’s program has been approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and/or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA).\\nSpecializing in forensic pathology will often involve you training and working with local coroners and/or medical examiners. Use this opportunity to familiarize yourself with the job itself, from personal stories of how these professionals obtained their positions, and make connections.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete your residency.\", \"描述\": \"After you finish medical school, join a residency program to finish your training. Residencies may last up to three years. Work with coroner and medical examiner’s offices to earn personal certification with the American Board of Pathology to become an officially recognized pathologist.\\nYou can become certified for either Clinical Pathology (CP), Anatomical Pathology (AP), or both (AP/CP).\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,298 |
How to Become a Corporate Investigator
|
1. Deciding to Become a Corporate Investigator
1-1. Understand what corporate investigators do.
Corporate investigators investigate different types of allegations, criminal frauds, irregularities in accounts, electronic crime, embezzlement, information leaks, drug use, and other criminal activities that are suspected to have taken place within a corporation. They are eligible to perform internal as well as external investigation activities for the organization.
Internal investigations include the activities performed inside the company to check expense account abuse, drug abuse by employees, or other crimes committed by employees or on company premises.
External investigation activities include checking the criminal activities done outside the company, like fraudulent actions taken by customers or suppliers to the corporation.
1-2. Determine whether you can fulfill the demands of the job.
Corporate investigators are required to have a multifaceted skill set that they can use to investigate a case from every conceivable angle. This means you not only need to have the people skills to interview and assess the reactions of employees but also the technical skill to comb through accounting and computer records. You will also need a large degree of patience and determination, as investigations can sometimes stretch on for long periods of time.
1-3. Consider the employment outlook for corporate investigators.
Before becoming a corporate investigator, you should see whether or not the market is ready for more of them. Currently, the job market for this job is experiencing healthy growth and is expected to grow another 22 percent by 2018. As for salary expectations, in 2015 the average corporate investigator made $83,000. However, the exact pay you can expect varies based on your experience, employer, and location.
1-4. Look into similar, alternative careers.
There are many other jobs that require similar skills and possess responsibilities similar to those of a corporate investigator. For example, auditors review accounting records for errors or mishandled financial reporting. Financial examiners look at the same documents but do so to check compliance with federal financial regulations. These careers are good options for those who enjoy the financial investigation aspect of the corporate investigator's job.
Other options include more traditional police and detective work and becoming an insurance claims investigator.
2. Getting Qualified
2-1. Assess your current experience and qualifications.
Corporate investigators come from a variety of backgrounds. Successful investigators often come over from public law enforcement or accountancy, but recent college graduates are also accepted. If you are not trained in any type of business analysis, fraud detection, or criminal justice, you may want to seek additional education or experience in a related field before pursuing work as a corporate investigator.
Other prospective investigators can come from legal, insurance adjustment, or financial backgrounds.
2-2. Meet the minimum educational requirements.
Corporate investigators are typically required to hold a bachelor's degree from an accredited university. Regardless of the major, they are expected to at least have some coursework in finance, accounting, and/or business. Typical majors include criminal justice and political science, as well as more business-focused majors. These degrees are available from many different public and private educational institutions.
2-3. Obtain additional education.
It is not required, but some corporate investigators, especially those focused on computer forensics or financial investigations, hold graduate-level degrees or certifications. For example, financial investigators often possess the certified public accountant (CPA) designation. Computer forensic specialists may hold a master's degree in computer science or computer forensics. While these degrees may make you a more competitive candidate, they are by no means required.
2-4. Get licensed.
In most states, corporate investigators must be licensed to legally perform their duties. These requirements, and the task required to obtain the license, vary by state. In general, you will need to pass a written exam and background check in order to get the certification. You may also need a certain level of education or amount of experience.
Several states that do not require licenses at the state level do so at the local level.
The agency or bureau in charge of corporate investigator licensing varies by state.
Even when a license is not required, a corporate investigator may wish to get a private investigator (PI) license so that they can legally employ certain investigation strategies.
3. Gaining Experience
3-1. Apply for internships.
Search online for corporate investigation internships. There are many small corporate investigation firms spread out across the world, so locating at least one that needs some help should not be difficult. Keep in mind that these internships, like many others, may be unpaid. However, you need to decide if the experience gained is worth the cost of working for free.
3-2. Locate and apply for corporate investigator jobs.
When you are sufficiently educated and qualified, it is time to search for corporate investigator jobs. There are a variety of employer options in both the public and private sectors. For example, private corporate investigation firms, such as Kroll and K2, along with a number of smaller firms, continue to grow and hire more investigators around the world. Corporations may also have internal investigation groups, which hold investigators on retainer for investigations of their own company.
In the public sector, a variety of federal organizations and bureaus have corporate investigation teams. For example, the IRS has a criminal investigation unit that investigates tax fraud by corporations.
3-3. Go through on-the-job training.
Corporate investigators typically learn most of their trade through on-the-job training provided after they are hired. This training may include topics like finance, business practices, and management structures. New hires are commonly paired with experienced investigators on cases until they are ready to tackle cases on their own.
3-4. Keep up with new developments.
Business technologies and regulations are constantly changing, so an effective corporate investigator must undergo regular training and continuing education to ensure that they remain effective. Be sure to take advantage of any of these opportunities offered by your employer or by a third party. This is especially true for those who specialize in or frequently use computer forensics.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Deciding to Become a Corporate Investigator\\n1-1. Understand what corporate investigators do.\\nCorporate investigators investigate different types of allegations, criminal frauds, irregularities in accounts, electronic crime, embezzlement, information leaks, drug use, and other criminal activities that are suspected to have taken place within a corporation. They are eligible to perform internal as well as external investigation activities for the organization.\\nInternal investigations include the activities performed inside the company to check expense account abuse, drug abuse by employees, or other crimes committed by employees or on company premises.\\nExternal investigation activities include checking the criminal activities done outside the company, like fraudulent actions taken by customers or suppliers to the corporation.\\n1-2. Determine whether you can fulfill the demands of the job.\\nCorporate investigators are required to have a multifaceted skill set that they can use to investigate a case from every conceivable angle. This means you not only need to have the people skills to interview and assess the reactions of employees but also the technical skill to comb through accounting and computer records. You will also need a large degree of patience and determination, as investigations can sometimes stretch on for long periods of time.\\n1-3. Consider the employment outlook for corporate investigators.\\nBefore becoming a corporate investigator, you should see whether or not the market is ready for more of them. Currently, the job market for this job is experiencing healthy growth and is expected to grow another 22 percent by 2018. As for salary expectations, in 2015 the average corporate investigator made $83,000. However, the exact pay you can expect varies based on your experience, employer, and location.\\n1-4. Look into similar, alternative careers.\\nThere are many other jobs that require similar skills and possess responsibilities similar to those of a corporate investigator. For example, auditors review accounting records for errors or mishandled financial reporting. Financial examiners look at the same documents but do so to check compliance with federal financial regulations. These careers are good options for those who enjoy the financial investigation aspect of the corporate investigator's job.\\nOther options include more traditional police and detective work and becoming an insurance claims investigator.\\n2. Getting Qualified\\n2-1. Assess your current experience and qualifications.\\nCorporate investigators come from a variety of backgrounds. Successful investigators often come over from public law enforcement or accountancy, but recent college graduates are also accepted. If you are not trained in any type of business analysis, fraud detection, or criminal justice, you may want to seek additional education or experience in a related field before pursuing work as a corporate investigator.\\nOther prospective investigators can come from legal, insurance adjustment, or financial backgrounds.\\n2-2. Meet the minimum educational requirements.\\nCorporate investigators are typically required to hold a bachelor's degree from an accredited university. Regardless of the major, they are expected to at least have some coursework in finance, accounting, and/or business. Typical majors include criminal justice and political science, as well as more business-focused majors. These degrees are available from many different public and private educational institutions.\\n2-3. Obtain additional education.\\nIt is not required, but some corporate investigators, especially those focused on computer forensics or financial investigations, hold graduate-level degrees or certifications. For example, financial investigators often possess the certified public accountant (CPA) designation. Computer forensic specialists may hold a master's degree in computer science or computer forensics. While these degrees may make you a more competitive candidate, they are by no means required.\\n2-4. Get licensed.\\nIn most states, corporate investigators must be licensed to legally perform their duties. These requirements, and the task required to obtain the license, vary by state. In general, you will need to pass a written exam and background check in order to get the certification. You may also need a certain level of education or amount of experience.\\nSeveral states that do not require licenses at the state level do so at the local level.\\nThe agency or bureau in charge of corporate investigator licensing varies by state.\\nEven when a license is not required, a corporate investigator may wish to get a private investigator (PI) license so that they can legally employ certain investigation strategies.\\n3. Gaining Experience\\n3-1. Apply for internships.\\nSearch online for corporate investigation internships. There are many small corporate investigation firms spread out across the world, so locating at least one that needs some help should not be difficult. Keep in mind that these internships, like many others, may be unpaid. However, you need to decide if the experience gained is worth the cost of working for free.\\n3-2. Locate and apply for corporate investigator jobs.\\nWhen you are sufficiently educated and qualified, it is time to search for corporate investigator jobs. There are a variety of employer options in both the public and private sectors. For example, private corporate investigation firms, such as Kroll and K2, along with a number of smaller firms, continue to grow and hire more investigators around the world. Corporations may also have internal investigation groups, which hold investigators on retainer for investigations of their own company.\\nIn the public sector, a variety of federal organizations and bureaus have corporate investigation teams. For example, the IRS has a criminal investigation unit that investigates tax fraud by corporations.\\n3-3. Go through on-the-job training.\\nCorporate investigators typically learn most of their trade through on-the-job training provided after they are hired. This training may include topics like finance, business practices, and management structures. New hires are commonly paired with experienced investigators on cases until they are ready to tackle cases on their own.\\n3-4. Keep up with new developments.\\nBusiness technologies and regulations are constantly changing, so an effective corporate investigator must undergo regular training and continuing education to ensure that they remain effective. Be sure to take advantage of any of these opportunities offered by your employer or by a third party. This is especially true for those who specialize in or frequently use computer forensics.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Corporate investigators apply detective skills and an understanding of corporate policy and structure to solve cases of corporate fraud and misconduct. For the right candidate, this job can provide exciting and rewarding work without the risks that come with other types of investigative work. However, in order to get this job, you will need the proper training, which typically includes training in criminal justice, knowledge of accounting and auditing procedures (including an understanding of financial statements), and an understanding of corporate practices. Use the following steps to train for and locate work as a corporate investigator.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Deciding to Become a Corporate Investigator\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what corporate investigators do.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate investigators investigate different types of allegations, criminal frauds, irregularities in accounts, electronic crime, embezzlement, information leaks, drug use, and other criminal activities that are suspected to have taken place within a corporation. They are eligible to perform internal as well as external investigation activities for the organization.\\nInternal investigations include the activities performed inside the company to check expense account abuse, drug abuse by employees, or other crimes committed by employees or on company premises.\\nExternal investigation activities include checking the criminal activities done outside the company, like fraudulent actions taken by customers or suppliers to the corporation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine whether you can fulfill the demands of the job.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate investigators are required to have a multifaceted skill set that they can use to investigate a case from every conceivable angle. This means you not only need to have the people skills to interview and assess the reactions of employees but also the technical skill to comb through accounting and computer records. You will also need a large degree of patience and determination, as investigations can sometimes stretch on for long periods of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider the employment outlook for corporate investigators.\", \"描述\": \"Before becoming a corporate investigator, you should see whether or not the market is ready for more of them. Currently, the job market for this job is experiencing healthy growth and is expected to grow another 22 percent by 2018. As for salary expectations, in 2015 the average corporate investigator made $83,000. However, the exact pay you can expect varies based on your experience, employer, and location.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look into similar, alternative careers.\", \"描述\": \"There are many other jobs that require similar skills and possess responsibilities similar to those of a corporate investigator. For example, auditors review accounting records for errors or mishandled financial reporting. Financial examiners look at the same documents but do so to check compliance with federal financial regulations. These careers are good options for those who enjoy the financial investigation aspect of the corporate investigator's job.\\nOther options include more traditional police and detective work and becoming an insurance claims investigator.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Assess your current experience and qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate investigators come from a variety of backgrounds. Successful investigators often come over from public law enforcement or accountancy, but recent college graduates are also accepted. If you are not trained in any type of business analysis, fraud detection, or criminal justice, you may want to seek additional education or experience in a related field before pursuing work as a corporate investigator.\\nOther prospective investigators can come from legal, insurance adjustment, or financial backgrounds.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meet the minimum educational requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate investigators are typically required to hold a bachelor's degree from an accredited university. Regardless of the major, they are expected to at least have some coursework in finance, accounting, and/or business. Typical majors include criminal justice and political science, as well as more business-focused majors. These degrees are available from many different public and private educational institutions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain additional education.\", \"描述\": \"It is not required, but some corporate investigators, especially those focused on computer forensics or financial investigations, hold graduate-level degrees or certifications. For example, financial investigators often possess the certified public accountant (CPA) designation. Computer forensic specialists may hold a master's degree in computer science or computer forensics. While these degrees may make you a more competitive candidate, they are by no means required.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get licensed.\", \"描述\": \"In most states, corporate investigators must be licensed to legally perform their duties. These requirements, and the task required to obtain the license, vary by state. In general, you will need to pass a written exam and background check in order to get the certification. You may also need a certain level of education or amount of experience.\\nSeveral states that do not require licenses at the state level do so at the local level.\\nThe agency or bureau in charge of corporate investigator licensing varies by state.\\nEven when a license is not required, a corporate investigator may wish to get a private investigator (PI) license so that they can legally employ certain investigation strategies.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for internships.\", \"描述\": \"Search online for corporate investigation internships. There are many small corporate investigation firms spread out across the world, so locating at least one that needs some help should not be difficult. Keep in mind that these internships, like many others, may be unpaid. However, you need to decide if the experience gained is worth the cost of working for free.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Locate and apply for corporate investigator jobs.\", \"描述\": \"When you are sufficiently educated and qualified, it is time to search for corporate investigator jobs. There are a variety of employer options in both the public and private sectors. For example, private corporate investigation firms, such as Kroll and K2, along with a number of smaller firms, continue to grow and hire more investigators around the world. Corporations may also have internal investigation groups, which hold investigators on retainer for investigations of their own company.\\nIn the public sector, a variety of federal organizations and bureaus have corporate investigation teams. For example, the IRS has a criminal investigation unit that investigates tax fraud by corporations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go through on-the-job training.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate investigators typically learn most of their trade through on-the-job training provided after they are hired. This training may include topics like finance, business practices, and management structures. New hires are commonly paired with experienced investigators on cases until they are ready to tackle cases on their own.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep up with new developments.\", \"描述\": \"Business technologies and regulations are constantly changing, so an effective corporate investigator must undergo regular training and continuing education to ensure that they remain effective. Be sure to take advantage of any of these opportunities offered by your employer or by a third party. This is especially true for those who specialize in or frequently use computer forensics.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,299 |
How to Become a Corporate Trainer
|
1. Learning About Corporate Training
1-1. Decide which area you would like to work in.
Corporate trainers can work in a variety of business settings, so you should spend some time thinking about what area of business you are most interested in working in. Consider your own skills and expertise and think about what you can match these to. Corporate trainers will generally be situated within the human resources department, but trainers can specialise in everything from marketing, finance, education and compliance.
Think about which field interests you the most and keep this in mind when you move on to getting qualifications and experience.
Being adaptable can be an advantage, but having a clear expertise in one field will demonstrate your credibility as a trainer.
1-2. Learn about the job.
After you have begun to develop a clearer picture of the type of work you would like to do, and the industry you would like to work in, you can research what trainers in this area typically do. Conducting training sessions in the flesh is only one part of the job, there are many hours of planning and organizing that enable the training sessions to take place and determine their success.
There is a lot of unglamorous preparation that goes into putting together a strong and effective training programme.
As well as planning training programmes, you will need to conduct thorough evaluations to learn what worked and what didn't.
Continually adapting a developing your training programmes and your skills are an important part of being a good corporate trainer.
1-3. Know the typical salaries.
Corporate trainers can earn good salaries, but you should learn about the average earnings in the sector before you start. There is significant variation in salaries across training and development specialists, but the average was around $59,000 in 2011. Within this, the top ten per cent averaged $92,000 or more, and the bottom ten per cent $32,000 or less.
It was reported in the same figures that there was a predicted growth of 21% in training and development jobs between 2010 and 2020.
2. Getting Prepared and Qualified
2-1. Take a relevant bachelor's degree.
The educational and qualification requirements to become a corporate trainer are not completely clear-cut and there are a variety of ways into the field. In most cases you will be expected to have attained a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject. Trainers are generally Human Resources specialists, so many will have a degree in Human Resources or something similar, but many employers will not specify a single required major.
You should focus your education on the area in which you wish to work. For example, if you want to be a corporate trainer in finance, having qualifications that prove your expertise is a good idea.
If possible, try to include some education in human resources management in your studies.
If some instances employers will look for a master's degree for higher level corporate trainers.
If in doubt, look up some job adverts in corporate training and look at the required qualifications.
2-2. Learn on the job.
There are ways into a career as a corporate trainer that do not necessarily require you to study for a degree. For many employers first hand professional experience is just as important, if not more so, than qualifications. If you would prefer to be working right away consider trying to get work as a training assistant or human resources assistant. These positions are less likely to require a degree and will give you invaluable experience.
It is not uncommon for trainers to begin as assistants in human resources and develop skills on the job.
Working your way up will help you understand corporate processes and policies before taking on the role of instructing and supervising others.
2-3. Improve your communication skills.
Communication is the central element to successful corporate training so it's crucial that you really target this as an area to improve before you try to enter the job market. Trainers will spend a lot of time talking to large groups and need to be engaging and clear in how they do this. There are a number of ways for you to work on this, and you should look for opportunities to develop all the time.
Try taking a public speaking course or joining a group that specialises in practising and improving public speaking.
Search your local colleges and training centres for courses on public speaking, communications, and other speaking and presentation related skills.
2-4. Move into training from teaching.
An alternative career path for corporate trainers involves transitioning from teaching to training. Teachers have excellent experience of imparting information clearly and concisely to large groups and these transferable skills can be very valuable for a career as a corporate trainer. It is not always easy to make the transition, but having specific skills and knowledge of the business area you wish to work in will make a big difference.
Teachers used to a classroom full of teenagers may find the idea of training motivated adults appealing.
The more mature audiences in corporate training will bring in their own experiences and expectations which can be challenging for someone used to teaching children.
3. Getting a Job and Progressing Your Career
3-1. Apply for jobs as a corporate trainer.
Once you have the qualifications and the industry knowledge it's time to start applying for corporate trainer jobs. When you do this be sure to pay close attention to the job descriptions to ensure that your qualifications and skills match the requirements of the job. You are unlikely to find your dream job at the outset so be prepared to be flexible and open-minded about the possibilities that are out there.
If you only see listings for jobs that require experience, think about how you can gain relevant experience in a slightly different role, such as a training assistant, human resources worker, or public relations specialist.
If you see a frequent requirement in the person specification that you don't have, think about how you can gain this skill.
3-2. Strengthen your industry-specific skills.
You should always be looking at how you can develop your skills in your chosen area of expertise. For example, you may need to take a course in particular software products so that you can incorporate them into your presentation or teach employees how to use them. Keep abreast of industry developments and constantly refresh your training approaches.
As a trainer you should keep taking training courses yourself. Not only will you enhance your skills and knowledge, but you will experience how other trainers work and could get useful ideas.
3-3. Get certified.
You can increase your chances of career progression and the value of your training programmes by becoming certified with a professional body. This will effectively vouch for the quality of your work. For example, The Association for Talent Development, the ATD (formerly known as the ASTD) Certification Institute offers the Certified Professional in Learning and Performance Certification (CPLP) which covers all areas of the talent development and training profession. If you would like to advance to become a manager of a corporate training function, the Certified Professional in Training Management (CPTM) certification prepares you to manage a corporate training department.
To become certified as a CPLP, you will need to have at least five years of experience, and complete a series of tests. It can take up to a year to earn the qualification. There are significant fees to pay.
To become certified as a CPTM, you must complete 20 hours of online learning modules, followed by a three-day practicum and a certification exam. Like CPLP, there are significant fees to pay.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning About Corporate Training\\n1-1. Decide which area you would like to work in.\\nCorporate trainers can work in a variety of business settings, so you should spend some time thinking about what area of business you are most interested in working in. Consider your own skills and expertise and think about what you can match these to. Corporate trainers will generally be situated within the human resources department, but trainers can specialise in everything from marketing, finance, education and compliance.\\nThink about which field interests you the most and keep this in mind when you move on to getting qualifications and experience.\\nBeing adaptable can be an advantage, but having a clear expertise in one field will demonstrate your credibility as a trainer.\\n1-2. Learn about the job.\\nAfter you have begun to develop a clearer picture of the type of work you would like to do, and the industry you would like to work in, you can research what trainers in this area typically do. Conducting training sessions in the flesh is only one part of the job, there are many hours of planning and organizing that enable the training sessions to take place and determine their success.\\nThere is a lot of unglamorous preparation that goes into putting together a strong and effective training programme.\\nAs well as planning training programmes, you will need to conduct thorough evaluations to learn what worked and what didn't.\\nContinually adapting a developing your training programmes and your skills are an important part of being a good corporate trainer.\\n1-3. Know the typical salaries.\\nCorporate trainers can earn good salaries, but you should learn about the average earnings in the sector before you start. There is significant variation in salaries across training and development specialists, but the average was around $59,000 in 2011. Within this, the top ten per cent averaged $92,000 or more, and the bottom ten per cent $32,000 or less.\\nIt was reported in the same figures that there was a predicted growth of 21% in training and development jobs between 2010 and 2020.\\n2. Getting Prepared and Qualified\\n2-1. Take a relevant bachelor's degree.\\nThe educational and qualification requirements to become a corporate trainer are not completely clear-cut and there are a variety of ways into the field. In most cases you will be expected to have attained a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject. Trainers are generally Human Resources specialists, so many will have a degree in Human Resources or something similar, but many employers will not specify a single required major.\\nYou should focus your education on the area in which you wish to work. For example, if you want to be a corporate trainer in finance, having qualifications that prove your expertise is a good idea.\\nIf possible, try to include some education in human resources management in your studies.\\nIf some instances employers will look for a master's degree for higher level corporate trainers.\\nIf in doubt, look up some job adverts in corporate training and look at the required qualifications.\\n2-2. Learn on the job.\\nThere are ways into a career as a corporate trainer that do not necessarily require you to study for a degree. For many employers first hand professional experience is just as important, if not more so, than qualifications. If you would prefer to be working right away consider trying to get work as a training assistant or human resources assistant. These positions are less likely to require a degree and will give you invaluable experience.\\nIt is not uncommon for trainers to begin as assistants in human resources and develop skills on the job.\\nWorking your way up will help you understand corporate processes and policies before taking on the role of instructing and supervising others.\\n2-3. Improve your communication skills.\\nCommunication is the central element to successful corporate training so it's crucial that you really target this as an area to improve before you try to enter the job market. Trainers will spend a lot of time talking to large groups and need to be engaging and clear in how they do this. There are a number of ways for you to work on this, and you should look for opportunities to develop all the time.\\nTry taking a public speaking course or joining a group that specialises in practising and improving public speaking.\\nSearch your local colleges and training centres for courses on public speaking, communications, and other speaking and presentation related skills.\\n2-4. Move into training from teaching.\\nAn alternative career path for corporate trainers involves transitioning from teaching to training. Teachers have excellent experience of imparting information clearly and concisely to large groups and these transferable skills can be very valuable for a career as a corporate trainer. It is not always easy to make the transition, but having specific skills and knowledge of the business area you wish to work in will make a big difference.\\nTeachers used to a classroom full of teenagers may find the idea of training motivated adults appealing.\\nThe more mature audiences in corporate training will bring in their own experiences and expectations which can be challenging for someone used to teaching children.\\n3. Getting a Job and Progressing Your Career\\n3-1. Apply for jobs as a corporate trainer.\\nOnce you have the qualifications and the industry knowledge it's time to start applying for corporate trainer jobs. When you do this be sure to pay close attention to the job descriptions to ensure that your qualifications and skills match the requirements of the job. You are unlikely to find your dream job at the outset so be prepared to be flexible and open-minded about the possibilities that are out there.\\nIf you only see listings for jobs that require experience, think about how you can gain relevant experience in a slightly different role, such as a training assistant, human resources worker, or public relations specialist.\\nIf you see a frequent requirement in the person specification that you don't have, think about how you can gain this skill.\\n3-2. Strengthen your industry-specific skills.\\nYou should always be looking at how you can develop your skills in your chosen area of expertise. For example, you may need to take a course in particular software products so that you can incorporate them into your presentation or teach employees how to use them. Keep abreast of industry developments and constantly refresh your training approaches.\\nAs a trainer you should keep taking training courses yourself. Not only will you enhance your skills and knowledge, but you will experience how other trainers work and could get useful ideas.\\n3-3. Get certified.\\nYou can increase your chances of career progression and the value of your training programmes by becoming certified with a professional body. This will effectively vouch for the quality of your work. For example, The Association for Talent Development, the ATD (formerly known as the ASTD) Certification Institute offers the Certified Professional in Learning and Performance Certification (CPLP) which covers all areas of the talent development and training profession. If you would like to advance to become a manager of a corporate training function, the Certified Professional in Training Management (CPTM) certification prepares you to manage a corporate training department.\\nTo become certified as a CPLP, you will need to have at least five years of experience, and complete a series of tests. It can take up to a year to earn the qualification. There are significant fees to pay.\\nTo become certified as a CPTM, you must complete 20 hours of online learning modules, followed by a three-day practicum and a certification exam. Like CPLP, there are significant fees to pay.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A corporate trainer is an educator or instructor who works in a business environment and conveys knowledge and skills to a group of employees. Corporate trainers may be hired full-time by a large company to train new employees and assist in the transition to new business systems. Others are independent consultants or work for corporate training firms, and visit businesses on a short-term basis to train employees, increase efficiency and assist workers in the midst of company mergers. If you're passionate about educating employees so they can do their best work, our guide will show you the steps you need to follow this career path!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning About Corporate Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide which area you would like to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate trainers can work in a variety of business settings, so you should spend some time thinking about what area of business you are most interested in working in. Consider your own skills and expertise and think about what you can match these to. Corporate trainers will generally be situated within the human resources department, but trainers can specialise in everything from marketing, finance, education and compliance.\\nThink about which field interests you the most and keep this in mind when you move on to getting qualifications and experience.\\nBeing adaptable can be an advantage, but having a clear expertise in one field will demonstrate your credibility as a trainer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about the job.\", \"描述\": \"After you have begun to develop a clearer picture of the type of work you would like to do, and the industry you would like to work in, you can research what trainers in this area typically do. Conducting training sessions in the flesh is only one part of the job, there are many hours of planning and organizing that enable the training sessions to take place and determine their success.\\nThere is a lot of unglamorous preparation that goes into putting together a strong and effective training programme.\\nAs well as planning training programmes, you will need to conduct thorough evaluations to learn what worked and what didn't.\\nContinually adapting a developing your training programmes and your skills are an important part of being a good corporate trainer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know the typical salaries.\", \"描述\": \"Corporate trainers can earn good salaries, but you should learn about the average earnings in the sector before you start. There is significant variation in salaries across training and development specialists, but the average was around $59,000 in 2011. Within this, the top ten per cent averaged $92,000 or more, and the bottom ten per cent $32,000 or less.\\nIt was reported in the same figures that there was a predicted growth of 21% in training and development jobs between 2010 and 2020.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Prepared and Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a relevant bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"The educational and qualification requirements to become a corporate trainer are not completely clear-cut and there are a variety of ways into the field. In most cases you will be expected to have attained a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject. Trainers are generally Human Resources specialists, so many will have a degree in Human Resources or something similar, but many employers will not specify a single required major.\\nYou should focus your education on the area in which you wish to work. For example, if you want to be a corporate trainer in finance, having qualifications that prove your expertise is a good idea.\\nIf possible, try to include some education in human resources management in your studies.\\nIf some instances employers will look for a master's degree for higher level corporate trainers.\\nIf in doubt, look up some job adverts in corporate training and look at the required qualifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn on the job.\", \"描述\": \"There are ways into a career as a corporate trainer that do not necessarily require you to study for a degree. For many employers first hand professional experience is just as important, if not more so, than qualifications. If you would prefer to be working right away consider trying to get work as a training assistant or human resources assistant. These positions are less likely to require a degree and will give you invaluable experience.\\nIt is not uncommon for trainers to begin as assistants in human resources and develop skills on the job.\\nWorking your way up will help you understand corporate processes and policies before taking on the role of instructing and supervising others.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improve your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Communication is the central element to successful corporate training so it's crucial that you really target this as an area to improve before you try to enter the job market. Trainers will spend a lot of time talking to large groups and need to be engaging and clear in how they do this. There are a number of ways for you to work on this, and you should look for opportunities to develop all the time.\\nTry taking a public speaking course or joining a group that specialises in practising and improving public speaking.\\nSearch your local colleges and training centres for courses on public speaking, communications, and other speaking and presentation related skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Move into training from teaching.\", \"描述\": \"An alternative career path for corporate trainers involves transitioning from teaching to training. Teachers have excellent experience of imparting information clearly and concisely to large groups and these transferable skills can be very valuable for a career as a corporate trainer. It is not always easy to make the transition, but having specific skills and knowledge of the business area you wish to work in will make a big difference.\\nTeachers used to a classroom full of teenagers may find the idea of training motivated adults appealing.\\nThe more mature audiences in corporate training will bring in their own experiences and expectations which can be challenging for someone used to teaching children.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job and Progressing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs as a corporate trainer.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have the qualifications and the industry knowledge it's time to start applying for corporate trainer jobs. When you do this be sure to pay close attention to the job descriptions to ensure that your qualifications and skills match the requirements of the job. You are unlikely to find your dream job at the outset so be prepared to be flexible and open-minded about the possibilities that are out there.\\nIf you only see listings for jobs that require experience, think about how you can gain relevant experience in a slightly different role, such as a training assistant, human resources worker, or public relations specialist.\\nIf you see a frequent requirement in the person specification that you don't have, think about how you can gain this skill.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Strengthen your industry-specific skills.\", \"描述\": \"You should always be looking at how you can develop your skills in your chosen area of expertise. For example, you may need to take a course in particular software products so that you can incorporate them into your presentation or teach employees how to use them. Keep abreast of industry developments and constantly refresh your training approaches.\\nAs a trainer you should keep taking training courses yourself. Not only will you enhance your skills and knowledge, but you will experience how other trainers work and could get useful ideas.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get certified.\", \"描述\": \"You can increase your chances of career progression and the value of your training programmes by becoming certified with a professional body. This will effectively vouch for the quality of your work. For example, The Association for Talent Development, the ATD (formerly known as the ASTD) Certification Institute offers the Certified Professional in Learning and Performance Certification (CPLP) which covers all areas of the talent development and training profession. If you would like to advance to become a manager of a corporate training function, the Certified Professional in Training Management (CPTM) certification prepares you to manage a corporate training department.\\nTo become certified as a CPLP, you will need to have at least five years of experience, and complete a series of tests. It can take up to a year to earn the qualification. There are significant fees to pay.\\nTo become certified as a CPTM, you must complete 20 hours of online learning modules, followed by a three-day practicum and a certification exam. Like CPLP, there are significant fees to pay.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,300 |
How to Become a Cosmetologist
|
1. Getting the Training
1-1. Meet the basic age and educational requirements.
Most cosmetology programs require you to be at least 16 years of age and to have a high school diploma or a GED to enter. But every state has slightly different regulations and requirements, so before you proceed, you should check with the cosmetology boards of different states to see what you need to do. In some cases, different cosmetology schools will also have stricter requirements than the states, so you'll have to look into those on an individual basis as well.
Some high schools even allow juniors and seniors to enter vocational programs for cosmetology. These programs give students a jump start on being full cosmetologists and give them valuable hours and experience that can count toward their hours for cosmetology school.
1-2. Enroll in cosmetology school.
Cosmetology students enroll in state licensing beauty schools, job skills beauty schools or degree granting beauty schools. Tuition and fees for cosmetology schools range from $10,000 to $20,000, depending on the courses offered, the school's location, hours of education required and the facilities and equipment available. You can enroll in cosmetology school at a private school, community college, or a for-profit cosmetology program.
Make sure that you look at at least three different schools in your area and compare the prices, the percentage of students that find jobs, and the duration of the program.
Talk to the admissions counsellors at each school to find which school is the best fit for you.
Some schools offer courses for part-time students or night courses so that you can get the education with a more flexible schedule. If this is important for you, it should be a priority.
1-3. Complete cosmetology school.
Most schools take between 9-15 months to complete. While most states require around 1,600 training hours before you get your license, some require a lot more or less, falling in the range of 1,000 hours and 2,300 hours. You'll have to put in long hard hours and learn a variety of subjects that range from hair coloring to human anatomy. You'll have to attend class, pass exams, and get many hours of hands-on practice. Here are some of the things you may have to do in school.
Take courses that teach you about human anatomy and chemistry and how to wash, cut and style hair.
Learn about the chemicals used in coloring, straightening and making hair curly or wavy.
Learn how to give facials and facial massages.
Learn about the chemicals you use when you give a client a facial chemical peel.
Learn how to wax the different areas of your clients' bodies--including the upper lip, eyebrows, underarms, legs and pubic areas.
Learn about microdermabrasion.
Learn how to administer a microdermabrasion on your clients' faces.
1-4. Consider specializing.
Finding a specialty can also help you land a job; it typically takes about 600 extra hours of coursework to specialize. Though your job title can be "cosmetologist," there are a wide variety of specialties and job titles that you can take on after additional training. And remember that cosmetologists can also work as magazine editors or consultants or as marketing specialists, though getting some years as a cosmetologist under your belt can help you land one of these careers. Here are the variety of job titles that you can hold in this position:
Beautician
Hairstylist
Wedding stylist
Barber stylist
Nail technician
Manager stylist
Salon assistant
Spa manager
1-5. Pass your licensing exam.
All 50 states require cosmetology graduates to take and pass a licensing examination. Licensing requirements include meeting the individual state's guidelines for licensure. Each licensing applicant has to pass written questions and practical testing in skin care, applying makeup and hair care. Applicants can earn a cosmetology, esthetician or nail technician license.
You can also get your cosmetology license and then continue to pursue other specialities.
When you pass your exam, you'll still have to pay a licensing fee.
2. Landing the Job
2-1. Participate in an apprenticeship program if a salon in your community offers one.
This is a great way to get your foot in the door and to gain more valuable experience. And if you're having trouble finding a job, this can also help you become a better applicant. To do this, you'll have to register for an apprenticeship at a local beauty salon and gain the experience for up to 2 years.
You should still get paid for the apprenticeship, but you wouldn't get paid as much as a full cosmetologist.
2-2. Find the best location for your work.
Not every cosmetologist works in a beauty salon. In fact, many cosmetologists are self-employed or even work part time. This allows them more time and flexibility throughout the week. If you want to have your own practice, you'll need to put in some hours at another business first. But you have some flexibility in choosing where you can work. Here are the most common locations:
Beauty salons and barbershops
Day spas, hotel spas, resort spas
Retail beauty supply locations
Nursing and residential care homes
2-3. Apply for cosmetology openings in and around your community.
Applying for a position at a salon as a cosmetologist is much like applying for any other job: you'll need to write your resume, make phone calls, check which salons have openings, and leave your resumes with salons that don't have openings just in case a job opens up at a later time. You can also search for open positions online. Just remember that even if you submit a resume, it's best to follow up in person or over the phone so you are more likely to get noticed and to look serious about the position.
As with any other profession, it helps to have connections. If you make a connection to a beauty salon during cosmetology school or know someone who works at a salon, you'll be more likely to get a job.
If you're open to relocating, then it may benefit you to move to an area that has particularly high employment for cosmetologists. The five metropolitan areas with the highest employment for cosmetologists are Palm Coast, FL, Ocean City, NJ, Longview, WA, Mansfield, OH, and Springfield, OH.
3. Succeeding in Your Career
3-1. Develop the skills you need to be a great cosmetologist.
It's one thing to snag a job as a cosmetologist, and another to be truly excellent in your career. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to put in the hours to learn how to work with different hair and skin types. But it takes more than that. Here are some other skills you'll have to develop as you move forward in your profession:
Stellar communication skills. If you want your clients to be happy, then you have to be able to talk to them about what vision they have for their hair and skin and to know how to give them what they want (within reason).
Great social skills. This is different from being able to talk to a client about what hairstyle she wants. You'll often have to spend more than an hour working with each client, and you'll need to know how to make small talk, make your clients feel comfortable, and even how to make them laugh. If you want your clients to keep coming back to you, you have to know how to socialize with them.
Business and financial experience. This is crucial to have, especially if you are or are thinking about being self-employed.
Artistic skills and ability. The more hours you put in, the better sense you'll have about what will and won't work for all of your client.
Ability to multi-task. You will have to work with many clients in one day and will often have to use a variety of skills at any given point.
3-2. Keep your skills current.
If you want to succeed in your profession, then you have to keep your skills up to date and to be aware of current trends in your industry. What's popular in hair and makeup today is very different than what was popular ten -- or even five -- years ago, so it's important to know how to give your clients exactly what they want in this day and age. Here are some ways to keep your skills as current as possible:
Attend trend shows
Enroll in continuing education classes
Subscribe to popular style magazines
Read style blogs
3-3. Develop a strong client base.
Without your clients, your career won't add up to much. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to develop a loyal and growing client base and make sure that the people who see you want to see you again -- and again. To develop a strong base, you need to know how to talk to your clients, make them feel at home, and to let them know how much you value your business.
Whenever you finish with a client, you have to encourage him or her to book his or her next appointment. Say, "If you want to keep up that new haircut, you'll have to come back in one month. Make sure you book an appointment."
Ask for referrals. Your clients can also send their friends and acquaintances your way, often for a discount. This is another way to grow your client base.
Make your clients feel important. Remember the names of their kids or husbands and ask about them the next time you see them. Show them that you don't just see dollar signs when they sit in your chair.
3-4. Expand your business.
Once you've gained enough experience working for someone else, you can consider opening up your own salon or beauty establishment. It'll be much easier if you build a strong client base first so you know you'll have clients in your new business, and it'll also help to make connections with other cosmetologists that you can potentially hire for your business. Though having your own business will be more work, you will reap more rewards if you succeed.
You can also consider moving up to a managerial position at a beauty salon or a spa. This will also give you a pay bump and less hands-on work.
Tips
Cosmetologists are usually self-employed, although they work at a salon with other cosmetologists. They pay chair rent out of the rates they charge. Some cosmetologists work on commission.
Work in an established salon until you have become familiar with all aspects of operating a salon, including taking responsibility for business rent, utilities, taxes, liability and health insurance and ordering and paying for your supplies.
A cosmetology program lasts 9 months to 1 year, allowing you to take all of your required coursework, graduate, obtain a license and find a job in less than 2 years.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Training\\n1-1. Meet the basic age and educational requirements.\\nMost cosmetology programs require you to be at least 16 years of age and to have a high school diploma or a GED to enter. But every state has slightly different regulations and requirements, so before you proceed, you should check with the cosmetology boards of different states to see what you need to do. In some cases, different cosmetology schools will also have stricter requirements than the states, so you'll have to look into those on an individual basis as well.\\nSome high schools even allow juniors and seniors to enter vocational programs for cosmetology. These programs give students a jump start on being full cosmetologists and give them valuable hours and experience that can count toward their hours for cosmetology school.\\n1-2. Enroll in cosmetology school.\\nCosmetology students enroll in state licensing beauty schools, job skills beauty schools or degree granting beauty schools. Tuition and fees for cosmetology schools range from $10,000 to $20,000, depending on the courses offered, the school's location, hours of education required and the facilities and equipment available. You can enroll in cosmetology school at a private school, community college, or a for-profit cosmetology program.\\nMake sure that you look at at least three different schools in your area and compare the prices, the percentage of students that find jobs, and the duration of the program.\\nTalk to the admissions counsellors at each school to find which school is the best fit for you.\\nSome schools offer courses for part-time students or night courses so that you can get the education with a more flexible schedule. If this is important for you, it should be a priority.\\n1-3. Complete cosmetology school.\\nMost schools take between 9-15 months to complete. While most states require around 1,600 training hours before you get your license, some require a lot more or less, falling in the range of 1,000 hours and 2,300 hours. You'll have to put in long hard hours and learn a variety of subjects that range from hair coloring to human anatomy. You'll have to attend class, pass exams, and get many hours of hands-on practice. Here are some of the things you may have to do in school. \\nTake courses that teach you about human anatomy and chemistry and how to wash, cut and style hair.\\nLearn about the chemicals used in coloring, straightening and making hair curly or wavy.\\nLearn how to give facials and facial massages.\\nLearn about the chemicals you use when you give a client a facial chemical peel.\\nLearn how to wax the different areas of your clients' bodies--including the upper lip, eyebrows, underarms, legs and pubic areas.\\nLearn about microdermabrasion.\\nLearn how to administer a microdermabrasion on your clients' faces.\\n1-4. Consider specializing.\\nFinding a specialty can also help you land a job; it typically takes about 600 extra hours of coursework to specialize. Though your job title can be \\\"cosmetologist,\\\" there are a wide variety of specialties and job titles that you can take on after additional training. And remember that cosmetologists can also work as magazine editors or consultants or as marketing specialists, though getting some years as a cosmetologist under your belt can help you land one of these careers. Here are the variety of job titles that you can hold in this position:\\nBeautician\\nHairstylist\\nWedding stylist\\nBarber stylist\\nNail technician\\nManager stylist\\nSalon assistant\\nSpa manager\\n1-5. Pass your licensing exam.\\nAll 50 states require cosmetology graduates to take and pass a licensing examination. Licensing requirements include meeting the individual state's guidelines for licensure. Each licensing applicant has to pass written questions and practical testing in skin care, applying makeup and hair care. Applicants can earn a cosmetology, esthetician or nail technician license.\\nYou can also get your cosmetology license and then continue to pursue other specialities.\\nWhen you pass your exam, you'll still have to pay a licensing fee.\\n2. Landing the Job\\n2-1. Participate in an apprenticeship program if a salon in your community offers one.\\nThis is a great way to get your foot in the door and to gain more valuable experience. And if you're having trouble finding a job, this can also help you become a better applicant. To do this, you'll have to register for an apprenticeship at a local beauty salon and gain the experience for up to 2 years.\\nYou should still get paid for the apprenticeship, but you wouldn't get paid as much as a full cosmetologist.\\n2-2. Find the best location for your work.\\nNot every cosmetologist works in a beauty salon. In fact, many cosmetologists are self-employed or even work part time. This allows them more time and flexibility throughout the week. If you want to have your own practice, you'll need to put in some hours at another business first. But you have some flexibility in choosing where you can work. Here are the most common locations: \\nBeauty salons and barbershops\\nDay spas, hotel spas, resort spas\\nRetail beauty supply locations\\nNursing and residential care homes\\n2-3. Apply for cosmetology openings in and around your community.\\nApplying for a position at a salon as a cosmetologist is much like applying for any other job: you'll need to write your resume, make phone calls, check which salons have openings, and leave your resumes with salons that don't have openings just in case a job opens up at a later time. You can also search for open positions online. Just remember that even if you submit a resume, it's best to follow up in person or over the phone so you are more likely to get noticed and to look serious about the position.\\nAs with any other profession, it helps to have connections. If you make a connection to a beauty salon during cosmetology school or know someone who works at a salon, you'll be more likely to get a job.\\nIf you're open to relocating, then it may benefit you to move to an area that has particularly high employment for cosmetologists. The five metropolitan areas with the highest employment for cosmetologists are Palm Coast, FL, Ocean City, NJ, Longview, WA, Mansfield, OH, and Springfield, OH.\\n3. Succeeding in Your Career\\n3-1. Develop the skills you need to be a great cosmetologist.\\nIt's one thing to snag a job as a cosmetologist, and another to be truly excellent in your career. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to put in the hours to learn how to work with different hair and skin types. But it takes more than that. Here are some other skills you'll have to develop as you move forward in your profession:\\nStellar communication skills. If you want your clients to be happy, then you have to be able to talk to them about what vision they have for their hair and skin and to know how to give them what they want (within reason).\\nGreat social skills. This is different from being able to talk to a client about what hairstyle she wants. You'll often have to spend more than an hour working with each client, and you'll need to know how to make small talk, make your clients feel comfortable, and even how to make them laugh. If you want your clients to keep coming back to you, you have to know how to socialize with them.\\nBusiness and financial experience. This is crucial to have, especially if you are or are thinking about being self-employed.\\nArtistic skills and ability. The more hours you put in, the better sense you'll have about what will and won't work for all of your client.\\nAbility to multi-task. You will have to work with many clients in one day and will often have to use a variety of skills at any given point.\\n3-2. Keep your skills current.\\nIf you want to succeed in your profession, then you have to keep your skills up to date and to be aware of current trends in your industry. What's popular in hair and makeup today is very different than what was popular ten -- or even five -- years ago, so it's important to know how to give your clients exactly what they want in this day and age. Here are some ways to keep your skills as current as possible: \\nAttend trend shows\\nEnroll in continuing education classes\\nSubscribe to popular style magazines\\nRead style blogs\\n3-3. Develop a strong client base.\\nWithout your clients, your career won't add up to much. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to develop a loyal and growing client base and make sure that the people who see you want to see you again -- and again. To develop a strong base, you need to know how to talk to your clients, make them feel at home, and to let them know how much you value your business.\\nWhenever you finish with a client, you have to encourage him or her to book his or her next appointment. Say, \\\"If you want to keep up that new haircut, you'll have to come back in one month. Make sure you book an appointment.\\\"\\nAsk for referrals. Your clients can also send their friends and acquaintances your way, often for a discount. This is another way to grow your client base.\\nMake your clients feel important. Remember the names of their kids or husbands and ask about them the next time you see them. Show them that you don't just see dollar signs when they sit in your chair.\\n3-4. Expand your business.\\nOnce you've gained enough experience working for someone else, you can consider opening up your own salon or beauty establishment. It'll be much easier if you build a strong client base first so you know you'll have clients in your new business, and it'll also help to make connections with other cosmetologists that you can potentially hire for your business. Though having your own business will be more work, you will reap more rewards if you succeed. \\nYou can also consider moving up to a managerial position at a beauty salon or a spa. This will also give you a pay bump and less hands-on work.\\nTips\\nCosmetologists are usually self-employed, although they work at a salon with other cosmetologists. They pay chair rent out of the rates they charge. Some cosmetologists work on commission.\\nWork in an established salon until you have become familiar with all aspects of operating a salon, including taking responsibility for business rent, utilities, taxes, liability and health insurance and ordering and paying for your supplies.\\nA cosmetology program lasts 9 months to 1 year, allowing you to take all of your required coursework, graduate, obtain a license and find a job in less than 2 years.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The cosmetologist profession is growing rapidly, and with good reason. The profession is dynamic and requires great social skills and an eye for beauty. Though a cosmetologist's primary focus is often cutting, coloring, and styling hair, many cosmetologists also give manicures and pedicures, do makeup, and give skin treatments to their clients and can even offer massage services. If you want to know if you've got what it takes to be a cosmetologist, then follow these steps.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the basic age and educational requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Most cosmetology programs require you to be at least 16 years of age and to have a high school diploma or a GED to enter. But every state has slightly different regulations and requirements, so before you proceed, you should check with the cosmetology boards of different states to see what you need to do. In some cases, different cosmetology schools will also have stricter requirements than the states, so you'll have to look into those on an individual basis as well.\\nSome high schools even allow juniors and seniors to enter vocational programs for cosmetology. These programs give students a jump start on being full cosmetologists and give them valuable hours and experience that can count toward their hours for cosmetology school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in cosmetology school.\", \"描述\": \"Cosmetology students enroll in state licensing beauty schools, job skills beauty schools or degree granting beauty schools. Tuition and fees for cosmetology schools range from $10,000 to $20,000, depending on the courses offered, the school's location, hours of education required and the facilities and equipment available. You can enroll in cosmetology school at a private school, community college, or a for-profit cosmetology program.\\nMake sure that you look at at least three different schools in your area and compare the prices, the percentage of students that find jobs, and the duration of the program.\\nTalk to the admissions counsellors at each school to find which school is the best fit for you.\\nSome schools offer courses for part-time students or night courses so that you can get the education with a more flexible schedule. If this is important for you, it should be a priority.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete cosmetology school.\", \"描述\": \"Most schools take between 9-15 months to complete. While most states require around 1,600 training hours before you get your license, some require a lot more or less, falling in the range of 1,000 hours and 2,300 hours. You'll have to put in long hard hours and learn a variety of subjects that range from hair coloring to human anatomy. You'll have to attend class, pass exams, and get many hours of hands-on practice. Here are some of the things you may have to do in school. \\nTake courses that teach you about human anatomy and chemistry and how to wash, cut and style hair.\\nLearn about the chemicals used in coloring, straightening and making hair curly or wavy.\\nLearn how to give facials and facial massages.\\nLearn about the chemicals you use when you give a client a facial chemical peel.\\nLearn how to wax the different areas of your clients' bodies--including the upper lip, eyebrows, underarms, legs and pubic areas.\\nLearn about microdermabrasion.\\nLearn how to administer a microdermabrasion on your clients' faces.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider specializing.\", \"描述\": \"Finding a specialty can also help you land a job; it typically takes about 600 extra hours of coursework to specialize. Though your job title can be \\\"cosmetologist,\\\" there are a wide variety of specialties and job titles that you can take on after additional training. And remember that cosmetologists can also work as magazine editors or consultants or as marketing specialists, though getting some years as a cosmetologist under your belt can help you land one of these careers. Here are the variety of job titles that you can hold in this position:\\nBeautician\\nHairstylist\\nWedding stylist\\nBarber stylist\\nNail technician\\nManager stylist\\nSalon assistant\\nSpa manager\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass your licensing exam.\", \"描述\": \"All 50 states require cosmetology graduates to take and pass a licensing examination. Licensing requirements include meeting the individual state's guidelines for licensure. Each licensing applicant has to pass written questions and practical testing in skin care, applying makeup and hair care. Applicants can earn a cosmetology, esthetician or nail technician license.\\nYou can also get your cosmetology license and then continue to pursue other specialities.\\nWhen you pass your exam, you'll still have to pay a licensing fee.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Landing the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Participate in an apprenticeship program if a salon in your community offers one.\", \"描述\": \"This is a great way to get your foot in the door and to gain more valuable experience. And if you're having trouble finding a job, this can also help you become a better applicant. To do this, you'll have to register for an apprenticeship at a local beauty salon and gain the experience for up to 2 years.\\nYou should still get paid for the apprenticeship, but you wouldn't get paid as much as a full cosmetologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the best location for your work.\", \"描述\": \"Not every cosmetologist works in a beauty salon. In fact, many cosmetologists are self-employed or even work part time. This allows them more time and flexibility throughout the week. If you want to have your own practice, you'll need to put in some hours at another business first. But you have some flexibility in choosing where you can work. Here are the most common locations: \\nBeauty salons and barbershops\\nDay spas, hotel spas, resort spas\\nRetail beauty supply locations\\nNursing and residential care homes\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for cosmetology openings in and around your community.\", \"描述\": \"Applying for a position at a salon as a cosmetologist is much like applying for any other job: you'll need to write your resume, make phone calls, check which salons have openings, and leave your resumes with salons that don't have openings just in case a job opens up at a later time. You can also search for open positions online. Just remember that even if you submit a resume, it's best to follow up in person or over the phone so you are more likely to get noticed and to look serious about the position.\\nAs with any other profession, it helps to have connections. If you make a connection to a beauty salon during cosmetology school or know someone who works at a salon, you'll be more likely to get a job.\\nIf you're open to relocating, then it may benefit you to move to an area that has particularly high employment for cosmetologists. The five metropolitan areas with the highest employment for cosmetologists are Palm Coast, FL, Ocean City, NJ, Longview, WA, Mansfield, OH, and Springfield, OH.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Succeeding in Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop the skills you need to be a great cosmetologist.\", \"描述\": \"It's one thing to snag a job as a cosmetologist, and another to be truly excellent in your career. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to put in the hours to learn how to work with different hair and skin types. But it takes more than that. Here are some other skills you'll have to develop as you move forward in your profession:\\nStellar communication skills. If you want your clients to be happy, then you have to be able to talk to them about what vision they have for their hair and skin and to know how to give them what they want (within reason).\\nGreat social skills. This is different from being able to talk to a client about what hairstyle she wants. You'll often have to spend more than an hour working with each client, and you'll need to know how to make small talk, make your clients feel comfortable, and even how to make them laugh. If you want your clients to keep coming back to you, you have to know how to socialize with them.\\nBusiness and financial experience. This is crucial to have, especially if you are or are thinking about being self-employed.\\nArtistic skills and ability. The more hours you put in, the better sense you'll have about what will and won't work for all of your client.\\nAbility to multi-task. You will have to work with many clients in one day and will often have to use a variety of skills at any given point.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your skills current.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to succeed in your profession, then you have to keep your skills up to date and to be aware of current trends in your industry. What's popular in hair and makeup today is very different than what was popular ten -- or even five -- years ago, so it's important to know how to give your clients exactly what they want in this day and age. Here are some ways to keep your skills as current as possible: \\nAttend trend shows\\nEnroll in continuing education classes\\nSubscribe to popular style magazines\\nRead style blogs\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop a strong client base.\", \"描述\": \"Without your clients, your career won't add up to much. If you want to be a great cosmetologist, then you have to develop a loyal and growing client base and make sure that the people who see you want to see you again -- and again. To develop a strong base, you need to know how to talk to your clients, make them feel at home, and to let them know how much you value your business.\\nWhenever you finish with a client, you have to encourage him or her to book his or her next appointment. Say, \\\"If you want to keep up that new haircut, you'll have to come back in one month. Make sure you book an appointment.\\\"\\nAsk for referrals. Your clients can also send their friends and acquaintances your way, often for a discount. This is another way to grow your client base.\\nMake your clients feel important. Remember the names of their kids or husbands and ask about them the next time you see them. Show them that you don't just see dollar signs when they sit in your chair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Expand your business.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've gained enough experience working for someone else, you can consider opening up your own salon or beauty establishment. It'll be much easier if you build a strong client base first so you know you'll have clients in your new business, and it'll also help to make connections with other cosmetologists that you can potentially hire for your business. Though having your own business will be more work, you will reap more rewards if you succeed. \\nYou can also consider moving up to a managerial position at a beauty salon or a spa. This will also give you a pay bump and less hands-on work.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Cosmetologists are usually self-employed, although they work at a salon with other cosmetologists. They pay chair rent out of the rates they charge. Some cosmetologists work on commission.\\n\", \"Work in an established salon until you have become familiar with all aspects of operating a salon, including taking responsibility for business rent, utilities, taxes, liability and health insurance and ordering and paying for your supplies.\\n\", \"A cosmetology program lasts 9 months to 1 year, allowing you to take all of your required coursework, graduate, obtain a license and find a job in less than 2 years.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,301 |
How to Become a Costume Designer
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1. Getting Design Experience
1-1. Observe and analyze costumes in plays and movies.
While it would be great to attend plays and watch a lot of TV and movies for your personal enjoyment, having a more critical eye will help you start understanding costume design. Make note of the colors of costumes and the materials they’re made out of, and practice recognizing factors that influence these decisions.
Time periods and character personalities are just a couple of the different factors that influence costume design.
1-2. Volunteer at a local theater or film set.
Do whatever you can to expose yourself to a costume designing environment. This can mean being an unpaid backstage helper at a local theater or working on a project with the film club at the school you attend. Keep taking these opportunities while also applying for internships and entry level jobs that can potentially get your foot in the door.
1-3. Get a relevant degree.
Each employer has different educational standards, but you’ll most likely need at least an associate’s degree to have a shot at entry level employment. While getting a costume design degree, you’ll learn about drawing, tailoring, fashion history, stage makeup, pattern design, and more.
You can also get into costume design with a degree in graphic design, visual art, or fashion design.
If you’d like to get a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, this will only improve your value and skill set.
1-4. Put together a portfolio of your work.
Having a solid portfolio is essential if you want to start a career in costume design. Potential employers are going to want to see proof of your creativity and design skills. It’s best to have your portfolio in more than one format.
Consider having both an online version and a photographic version of your portfolio.
2. Building a Skill Set
2-1. Expand your artistic abilities.
While design itself doesn’t require that you be flawless with a sewing machine or phenomenal at drawing, building skills in relevant artistic areas such as these will make it that much easier to properly execute your costume ideas. Practicing these creative skills can also teach you to pay attention to detail and develop a better awareness of the world around you.
2-2. Develop good research skills.
While the overall goal of costume design is to design, you can’t do that unless you first develop a thorough understanding of who is wearing the costume and why they’re wearing it. Study the characters forwards and backwards before you start the designing process.
It’s helpful to have specific references to become inspired by and base your vision on.
2-3. Work on your communication skills.
Good communication skills are absolutely vital to efficiently designing and creating costumes. You’re the one with the vision, and you’re the one who will have to communicate that vision to others clearly and effectively in order to have a strong end product.
As a designer, you’ll often be in a leadership position where you rely on others’ help. Whenever you find yourself in this role, do your best to direct others in a clear, respectful, authoritative fashion.
2-4. Work with deadlines and budgets.
As a costume designer, you’ll often be working under pressure. Plays, films, and TV shows all have showtimes and air dates that can’t be delayed, as well as money limitations. Take any opportunities to design costumes within a time frame or with a tight budget.
When doing your own projects, commit to a date it’ll be done by and a maximum amount of money you’re allowed to spend on it. This will help you learn this skill before actually having strict budgets and deadlines to adhere to.
2-5. Develop design skills.
As a costume designer, you’ll be expected to think creatively and have an eye for detail.Whenever fun or even outlandish ideas come to you, sketch them in a drawing notebook and develop them more over time. Then, start attempting to put your sketches to life one clothing item at a time with a sewing machine.
3. Starting a Career
3-1. Make connections with important people.
While you’re a design student, do your best to make and keep in contact with successful people in your field. If you make strong connections with fashion designers, playwrights, and others, you may be able to use them as references later on.
Attend any relevant events, including local plays, fashion shows, etc. that you hear about and can network at.
3-2. Jump at opportunities.
One of the very best ways to get a start in costume designing is simply by saying “yes.” Accept any and every small opportunity that comes your way and one of them may eventually lead to a big one.
3-3. Sell your work independently.
Once you’ve learned all about costume design and have developed a skill set, try selling some of your work.
Do prom dress alterations for students at the local high school.
Consider designing, making, and selling halloween costumes for people on Etsy.
3-4. Start out as a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee.
It’ll take some work in an entry level position to set you up for costume designer jobs. Use your connections, volunteer work, and personal sales to apply for any of these positions that you hear about. Doing this will give you necessary experience and also give you even more networking opportunities.
3-5. Apply to become a member of the Costume Designers Guild.
The Costume Designers Guild was established in 1953 and now has nearly 750 members. The guild prides itself on representing and promoting costume designers, assistant costume designers, and costume illustrators who work at the highest level of expertise. Once you’ve gotten a few assisting and designing jobs under your belt, fill out an application at: http://costumedesignersguild.com/.
Tips
Do a lot of research. The more you know, the more ideas you can come up with. There's never too much research.
Some fabric stores will have cheap or free scraps of fabric. Use them to be inspired and learn more about textiles and patterns
Warnings
If you are going to produce costumes yourself, be mindful of the cost. This can get extremely expensive and you may become discouraged.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Design Experience\\n1-1. Observe and analyze costumes in plays and movies.\\nWhile it would be great to attend plays and watch a lot of TV and movies for your personal enjoyment, having a more critical eye will help you start understanding costume design. Make note of the colors of costumes and the materials they’re made out of, and practice recognizing factors that influence these decisions.\\nTime periods and character personalities are just a couple of the different factors that influence costume design.\\n1-2. Volunteer at a local theater or film set.\\nDo whatever you can to expose yourself to a costume designing environment. This can mean being an unpaid backstage helper at a local theater or working on a project with the film club at the school you attend. Keep taking these opportunities while also applying for internships and entry level jobs that can potentially get your foot in the door.\\n1-3. Get a relevant degree.\\nEach employer has different educational standards, but you’ll most likely need at least an associate’s degree to have a shot at entry level employment. While getting a costume design degree, you’ll learn about drawing, tailoring, fashion history, stage makeup, pattern design, and more.\\nYou can also get into costume design with a degree in graphic design, visual art, or fashion design.\\nIf you’d like to get a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, this will only improve your value and skill set.\\n1-4. Put together a portfolio of your work.\\nHaving a solid portfolio is essential if you want to start a career in costume design. Potential employers are going to want to see proof of your creativity and design skills. It’s best to have your portfolio in more than one format.\\nConsider having both an online version and a photographic version of your portfolio.\\n2. Building a Skill Set\\n2-1. Expand your artistic abilities.\\nWhile design itself doesn’t require that you be flawless with a sewing machine or phenomenal at drawing, building skills in relevant artistic areas such as these will make it that much easier to properly execute your costume ideas. Practicing these creative skills can also teach you to pay attention to detail and develop a better awareness of the world around you.\\n2-2. Develop good research skills.\\nWhile the overall goal of costume design is to design, you can’t do that unless you first develop a thorough understanding of who is wearing the costume and why they’re wearing it. Study the characters forwards and backwards before you start the designing process.\\nIt’s helpful to have specific references to become inspired by and base your vision on.\\n2-3. Work on your communication skills.\\nGood communication skills are absolutely vital to efficiently designing and creating costumes. You’re the one with the vision, and you’re the one who will have to communicate that vision to others clearly and effectively in order to have a strong end product.\\nAs a designer, you’ll often be in a leadership position where you rely on others’ help. Whenever you find yourself in this role, do your best to direct others in a clear, respectful, authoritative fashion.\\n2-4. Work with deadlines and budgets.\\nAs a costume designer, you’ll often be working under pressure. Plays, films, and TV shows all have showtimes and air dates that can’t be delayed, as well as money limitations. Take any opportunities to design costumes within a time frame or with a tight budget.\\nWhen doing your own projects, commit to a date it’ll be done by and a maximum amount of money you’re allowed to spend on it. This will help you learn this skill before actually having strict budgets and deadlines to adhere to.\\n2-5. Develop design skills.\\nAs a costume designer, you’ll be expected to think creatively and have an eye for detail.Whenever fun or even outlandish ideas come to you, sketch them in a drawing notebook and develop them more over time. Then, start attempting to put your sketches to life one clothing item at a time with a sewing machine.\\n3. Starting a Career\\n3-1. Make connections with important people.\\nWhile you’re a design student, do your best to make and keep in contact with successful people in your field. If you make strong connections with fashion designers, playwrights, and others, you may be able to use them as references later on.\\nAttend any relevant events, including local plays, fashion shows, etc. that you hear about and can network at.\\n3-2. Jump at opportunities.\\nOne of the very best ways to get a start in costume designing is simply by saying “yes.” Accept any and every small opportunity that comes your way and one of them may eventually lead to a big one.\\n3-3. Sell your work independently.\\nOnce you’ve learned all about costume design and have developed a skill set, try selling some of your work.\\nDo prom dress alterations for students at the local high school.\\nConsider designing, making, and selling halloween costumes for people on Etsy.\\n3-4. Start out as a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee.\\nIt’ll take some work in an entry level position to set you up for costume designer jobs. Use your connections, volunteer work, and personal sales to apply for any of these positions that you hear about. Doing this will give you necessary experience and also give you even more networking opportunities.\\n3-5. Apply to become a member of the Costume Designers Guild.\\nThe Costume Designers Guild was established in 1953 and now has nearly 750 members. The guild prides itself on representing and promoting costume designers, assistant costume designers, and costume illustrators who work at the highest level of expertise. Once you’ve gotten a few assisting and designing jobs under your belt, fill out an application at: http://costumedesignersguild.com/.\\nTips\\nDo a lot of research. The more you know, the more ideas you can come up with. There's never too much research.\\nSome fabric stores will have cheap or free scraps of fabric. Use them to be inspired and learn more about textiles and patterns\\nWarnings\\nIf you are going to produce costumes yourself, be mindful of the cost. This can get extremely expensive and you may become discouraged.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Costume designers envision and create the outfits worn in plays, movies, TV shows, dance concerts, and more. Their artistic touch contributes greatly to how audience members perceive characters. While this profession requires a lot of hard work, those with a creative eye can do really well in it. If you want to become a costume designer, get design experience, build a skill set, and then start your career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Design Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Observe and analyze costumes in plays and movies.\", \"描述\": \"While it would be great to attend plays and watch a lot of TV and movies for your personal enjoyment, having a more critical eye will help you start understanding costume design. Make note of the colors of costumes and the materials they’re made out of, and practice recognizing factors that influence these decisions.\\nTime periods and character personalities are just a couple of the different factors that influence costume design.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer at a local theater or film set.\", \"描述\": \"Do whatever you can to expose yourself to a costume designing environment. This can mean being an unpaid backstage helper at a local theater or working on a project with the film club at the school you attend. Keep taking these opportunities while also applying for internships and entry level jobs that can potentially get your foot in the door.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a relevant degree.\", \"描述\": \"Each employer has different educational standards, but you’ll most likely need at least an associate’s degree to have a shot at entry level employment. While getting a costume design degree, you’ll learn about drawing, tailoring, fashion history, stage makeup, pattern design, and more.\\nYou can also get into costume design with a degree in graphic design, visual art, or fashion design.\\nIf you’d like to get a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, this will only improve your value and skill set.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put together a portfolio of your work.\", \"描述\": \"Having a solid portfolio is essential if you want to start a career in costume design. Potential employers are going to want to see proof of your creativity and design skills. It’s best to have your portfolio in more than one format.\\nConsider having both an online version and a photographic version of your portfolio.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building a Skill Set\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Expand your artistic abilities.\", \"描述\": \"While design itself doesn’t require that you be flawless with a sewing machine or phenomenal at drawing, building skills in relevant artistic areas such as these will make it that much easier to properly execute your costume ideas. Practicing these creative skills can also teach you to pay attention to detail and develop a better awareness of the world around you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop good research skills.\", \"描述\": \"While the overall goal of costume design is to design, you can’t do that unless you first develop a thorough understanding of who is wearing the costume and why they’re wearing it. Study the characters forwards and backwards before you start the designing process.\\nIt’s helpful to have specific references to become inspired by and base your vision on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work on your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Good communication skills are absolutely vital to efficiently designing and creating costumes. You’re the one with the vision, and you’re the one who will have to communicate that vision to others clearly and effectively in order to have a strong end product.\\nAs a designer, you’ll often be in a leadership position where you rely on others’ help. Whenever you find yourself in this role, do your best to direct others in a clear, respectful, authoritative fashion.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work with deadlines and budgets.\", \"描述\": \"As a costume designer, you’ll often be working under pressure. Plays, films, and TV shows all have showtimes and air dates that can’t be delayed, as well as money limitations. Take any opportunities to design costumes within a time frame or with a tight budget.\\nWhen doing your own projects, commit to a date it’ll be done by and a maximum amount of money you’re allowed to spend on it. This will help you learn this skill before actually having strict budgets and deadlines to adhere to.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Develop design skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a costume designer, you’ll be expected to think creatively and have an eye for detail.Whenever fun or even outlandish ideas come to you, sketch them in a drawing notebook and develop them more over time. Then, start attempting to put your sketches to life one clothing item at a time with a sewing machine.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting a Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make connections with important people.\", \"描述\": \"While you’re a design student, do your best to make and keep in contact with successful people in your field. If you make strong connections with fashion designers, playwrights, and others, you may be able to use them as references later on.\\nAttend any relevant events, including local plays, fashion shows, etc. that you hear about and can network at.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Jump at opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"One of the very best ways to get a start in costume designing is simply by saying “yes.” Accept any and every small opportunity that comes your way and one of them may eventually lead to a big one.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sell your work independently.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve learned all about costume design and have developed a skill set, try selling some of your work.\\nDo prom dress alterations for students at the local high school.\\nConsider designing, making, and selling halloween costumes for people on Etsy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start out as a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee.\", \"描述\": \"It’ll take some work in an entry level position to set you up for costume designer jobs. Use your connections, volunteer work, and personal sales to apply for any of these positions that you hear about. Doing this will give you necessary experience and also give you even more networking opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to become a member of the Costume Designers Guild.\", \"描述\": \"The Costume Designers Guild was established in 1953 and now has nearly 750 members. The guild prides itself on representing and promoting costume designers, assistant costume designers, and costume illustrators who work at the highest level of expertise. Once you’ve gotten a few assisting and designing jobs under your belt, fill out an application at: http://costumedesignersguild.com/.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Do a lot of research. The more you know, the more ideas you can come up with. There's never too much research.\\n\", \"Some fabric stores will have cheap or free scraps of fabric. Use them to be inspired and learn more about textiles and patterns\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you are going to produce costumes yourself, be mindful of the cost. This can get extremely expensive and you may become discouraged.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,302 |
How to Become a Cougar
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1. Getting the Attitude
1-1. Be independent.
A true cougar is independent -- both financially and emotionally. Though it would be fun to meet a new guy and to hook up with him or even have him romance you, you shouldn't need to meet a new guy every time you go out. A true cougar is comfortable enough with herself that she doesn't need some eye candy by her side to make her feel whole. You should have your own friends, your own hobbies, and your own meaningful career or passion instead of depending on another man to make you feel complete.
The guys you meet will be used to having young girls who are needy trying to take up all of their time. You'll show them that you're different from these girls because you don't need them. In turn, this will make them want you even more.
1-2. Shrug off rejection.
If you're setting out to be a cougar, then you obviously know that you're going against many people's traditional ideas about how a woman your age should act. And that's perfectly okay. It's up to you to own your lifestyle, and to be proud of the woman that you are. If some men make fun of you for it -- or, more likely, some other women, then learn to brush them off and move on with your day. You don't have time for it.
If people tease you for going clubbing instead of staying at home, don't sweat it. You're just living it up and going for the life you want. Everyone has their own definition of happiness.
Then again, a cougar is more likely to not even think about failure in dating. She knows there are men who will drool over her beauty and sophistication and provided she chooses the right man when it suits her, she'll never be at a loss for a date. Remember that not wanting commitment, only wanting a short-term relationship and being very sexy are enormous turn-ons for younger men. Plus, they get the chance to be shown the ropes.
1-3. Toss your baggage aside.
If you're in your forties, then it's likely you've had some challenges at this point in your life. Maybe they were professional, maybe you had to go through a rough divorce, or maybe you're having trouble dealing with your young children. Whatever your problems are, try to kick them to the curb whenever you go out. If you're serious about dating the young man you find, you can open up to him eventually, but try to keep things fun and light when you go out into the dating world.
This doesn't mean that you should lie if you just went through a divorce or whatever. Just try to open with the light stuff and talk about the serious stuff later.
1-4. Exude confidence.
If you want to be a cougar, then you've got to own it. March into a room like you own the place, not like you feel like you're crashing your daughter's prom after-party in your own basement. Show the guys that you love who you are, love where you are in life, and are happy with what you do. Smile, make eye contact, and stand proud and tall. Be optimistic when you make conversation, and show people that they should feel happy to be in your company.
If you want to wear a tight dress and high heels in your forties, then woman, you've gotta have confidence to tie it all together. If you have the right attitude, you'll be catching every guy's eye.
1-5. Be proud of your experience.
Don't think that all of those years you spent dating, in marriage, or being out and about in the world are worth nothing. This is different from casting your baggage aside; you should realize that you are a woman of experience and be proud of all of the different things that the people in your past and present have taught you. If you've had three careers, be proud of it. Lived in five states? Even better. Don't try to downplay all of the fun and exciting things you've done in your life -- they'll only make you sound more impressive.
When you meet a new man, tell him about all the cool stuff you've done. He'll think you're even more awesome because of it.
1-6. Get strong and show the best of yourself to others.
Younger men and women, your peers and those you work with are attracted to or inspired by a woman who doesn’t second guess her decision making, has some life experience and knows how to get what she wants. Indeed, this is a time to be a great mentor to younger people who look up to you; you'll be helping them and you'll feel useful and important imparting your knowledge to them. If you feel as if you aren’t ready to go for the gusto, recall your life achievements and what you did to get there. It's time to stand tall and be the woman you know you really are deep down; life isn't waiting for ever and it's time to seize the now.
Think about what it took to land your current job or routine. Did you impress your boss or others with your knowledge or demonstrate unwavering decision making? Are you one of the best in your industry and why do your peers respect you?
Consider the many things that you do well. Are you a great mom who can clean a mean house? Or are you a shark in the boardroom, typically getting the wavering board members to bow down to you?
1-7. Stop feeling guilty about or responsible for others.
With age and increased experience, many an overly responsive woman realizes that people own their own problems and that she doesn't have to anymore (not that she ever did). Let those family members and friends who have over-relied on you to this point find their own way in life. Detach yourself gently or boldly, depending on whom you're dealing with, and let people make their own decisions so that you are free to make yours.
Learn to blow off people who make your life lesser. You don't need people who drain you of energy, take advantage of your or drag you down. No self-respecting cougar tolerates such people.
Being cold and distant is often considered cruel. However, it's an art form and using such a demeanor with some people is essential so that they get the message and know that they're cut out of your life. Moochers, users and narcissists beware.
Feeling a little disconcerted at being the one to take control and get what you want? Realize that being in control and getting what you want are actions taken for granted by many men; the cougar learns this to her advantage, gaining both power and respect.
2. Getting the Look
2-1. Update your haircut
Highlights work well as they cover up the grey hairs that have begun sprouting and give an even color tone. Most cougars are opting for sexy, younger looking hairstyles. Just make sure that the haircut looks good on your face and fits your age and body type. Don't try to rock the Miley Cyrus super short spiky haircut unless you think it's really right for you. You can try updating your look by getting bangs, layering your hair, or cutting off hair that is so long that it has started to look a bit stringy.
You can go for a shorter bob if you think your long hair is too messy and unruly, but you should be careful. You don't want to cut your hair so short that you're starting to rock the Grandma look.
Years ago, middle-aged women would cut their hair into a “sensible” style and let the greys pop. Today, no way. It’s about sweeping, shapely, sexy hair. Think Jennifer Aniston and Demi Moore, not Martha Stewart. (However, think Helen Mirren if you do want to go grey and sexy; it's all in a good haircut coupled with the independent attitude.)
2-2. Update your wardrobe.
Choose clothing and shoes that are runway ready. The latest fashions and styles are always worn by powerful cougar women. That doesn't mean that you actually have to shop at the most expensive store in town, but you should find clothes that flatter your body and make you look smoking hot. For dating, wear clothes that accentuate how hot and toned your body is, or how curvaceous you are. If you have a tracksuit, burn it, now.
Show off your best features. If you've got legs to die for, flaunt em.
Research what colors and clothing styles would look best on your body, and don’t be afraid to try something new!
2-3. Get in shape.
Although some may say that once you hit 40, there is nothing you can do about the battle of the bulge, cougars say, “give me a break.” You can look as good as you want if you put your mind to it. And if you don't want to look like a runway model, that's perfectly fine, too. Just hit up the gym enough that you feel good about your body and feel like you're in a healthy frame of mind.
However, don't forget that curves can be ultra sexy too, provided you're still toned and svelte. Go with what works for your body type.
3. Meeting Guys
3-1. Look in the right places.
If you want to find younger men, meaning men who are 25 and younger, then you can't go to the typical places where you would go, such as nice restaurants or spas. You'll have to check out happy hour in your town's financial district, go to a sports bar on game day, or check out bars or clubs in your neighborhood that cater to a younger crowd. This doesn't mean you have to go slumming and go to a sketchy bar that only serves $2 PBRs, but it does mean that you should go to a place that a younger guy would like and one that he could afford.
If you want 'em really young, go to bars that cater to a college audience. Just make sure your man can legally drink.
3-2. Find the right man.
True cougars don't date men their age (or older). You've already been there and done that and this age group has been found wanting. The point of being a cougar is to date younger men, whose experiences and way of thinking are fresh, enthusiastic and more women-friendly. Of course, avoid dating anyone under the age of 20 because you could be dealing with jailbait (underage partner), plus you have to consider that you're old enough to have given birth to someone this young.
While you may like your men young, try to remain within an age range where you could possibly be their date but not their mommy––you don't want to play wet-nurse to an immature fledgling of a man still trying to find his way in life.
Look for confident, sexy and well dressed young men. Seek eye contact; if they meet your gaze and hold it, you're onto a good thing.
Avoid young men who clearly have insecurity issues. They need to grow up without the lessons you have to teach; your experience and sexiness might be the last straw in their fragile egos.
Choose between men you befriend and men you date. Those you befriend are your long-term friendships (with or without benefits); those you date tend to be very short-term, perhaps even one night stands, and are easily blown off.
3-3. Teach him a thing or two about life.
The advantage of being a cougar is that you've had a lot of experience and know what to do with it. So, if you meet a guy you like spending time with, you should teach him a thing or two without sounding like his mom or his teacher. It doesn't have to be anything too serious. Order your favorite drink for him or give him some advice on getting a promotion. Let him know that you're fun to have around and knowledgeable.
You can do this as long as you don't threaten the guy's manliness. Teach him a thing or two without making him feel like he's clueless.
3-4. Teach him a thing or two in the bedroom.
This goes without saying. Once you've got the guy in bed with you, you don't have to follow his lead. Hey, he's 22 and has probably had the same boring sex with his ex-girlfriend from high school until he saw you and your amazing moves. Don't wait for him to give you what you want; show him how to do it. He'll be turned on when you take the initiative, and both of you will be grateful that you took the time to tell him what's really going on.
Young men are grateful in bed and love the experience of older women. Also, guys in their early twenties are more at their sexual peak than men your own age, so enjoy the benefits.
3-5. Don't worry about the age difference.
If you want to have fun with your new boy toy, then you have to stop mentioning the fact that he's young enough to be your son. That's not what matters. What matters is that you're having a good time and want to keep having one...instead of worrying that he's not even old enough to rent a car.
Don't bring it up, and if it does come up, just laugh. You can teach him a thing or two without reminding him that he's half your age.
3-6. Keep the upper hand in the relationship.
A cougar never lets the man take control of the entire relationship, even if she lets him “think” he has it. Be one step ahead of the men and anticipate his next move. Be ready to walk away at any time should he start to get too serious or if the relationship is headed in the wrong direction.
This is your ultimate power; just remain calm, stick with your long-term plan to date widely and freely and you'll be fine.
Tips
Don’t start conversations off with younger men talking about sex. Show him your brain long before you show him anything else.
Never appear desperate or overly enthusiastic that you're getting attention from younger men. Guys like it when you are aloof and act like you could take him or leave him.
Avoid meeting your younger guy’s mom off the bat. Chances are, you may either be her same age or only slightly younger and she may not like knowing that her baby boy is with someone considerably older.
Warnings
Wait several months before introducing any new man you've turned long-term serious about to your children. Children of divorce can often become quickly attached to or instantly despise a new person. Give the relationship a long time to marinate and let your children see how happy you are before the formal introductions.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:40",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Attitude\\n1-1. Be independent.\\nA true cougar is independent -- both financially and emotionally. Though it would be fun to meet a new guy and to hook up with him or even have him romance you, you shouldn't need to meet a new guy every time you go out. A true cougar is comfortable enough with herself that she doesn't need some eye candy by her side to make her feel whole. You should have your own friends, your own hobbies, and your own meaningful career or passion instead of depending on another man to make you feel complete.\\nThe guys you meet will be used to having young girls who are needy trying to take up all of their time. You'll show them that you're different from these girls because you don't need them. In turn, this will make them want you even more.\\n1-2. Shrug off rejection.\\nIf you're setting out to be a cougar, then you obviously know that you're going against many people's traditional ideas about how a woman your age should act. And that's perfectly okay. It's up to you to own your lifestyle, and to be proud of the woman that you are. If some men make fun of you for it -- or, more likely, some other women, then learn to brush them off and move on with your day. You don't have time for it.\\nIf people tease you for going clubbing instead of staying at home, don't sweat it. You're just living it up and going for the life you want. Everyone has their own definition of happiness.\\nThen again, a cougar is more likely to not even think about failure in dating. She knows there are men who will drool over her beauty and sophistication and provided she chooses the right man when it suits her, she'll never be at a loss for a date. Remember that not wanting commitment, only wanting a short-term relationship and being very sexy are enormous turn-ons for younger men. Plus, they get the chance to be shown the ropes.\\n1-3. Toss your baggage aside.\\nIf you're in your forties, then it's likely you've had some challenges at this point in your life. Maybe they were professional, maybe you had to go through a rough divorce, or maybe you're having trouble dealing with your young children. Whatever your problems are, try to kick them to the curb whenever you go out. If you're serious about dating the young man you find, you can open up to him eventually, but try to keep things fun and light when you go out into the dating world.\\nThis doesn't mean that you should lie if you just went through a divorce or whatever. Just try to open with the light stuff and talk about the serious stuff later.\\n1-4. Exude confidence.\\nIf you want to be a cougar, then you've got to own it. March into a room like you own the place, not like you feel like you're crashing your daughter's prom after-party in your own basement. Show the guys that you love who you are, love where you are in life, and are happy with what you do. Smile, make eye contact, and stand proud and tall. Be optimistic when you make conversation, and show people that they should feel happy to be in your company.\\nIf you want to wear a tight dress and high heels in your forties, then woman, you've gotta have confidence to tie it all together. If you have the right attitude, you'll be catching every guy's eye.\\n1-5. Be proud of your experience.\\nDon't think that all of those years you spent dating, in marriage, or being out and about in the world are worth nothing. This is different from casting your baggage aside; you should realize that you are a woman of experience and be proud of all of the different things that the people in your past and present have taught you. If you've had three careers, be proud of it. Lived in five states? Even better. Don't try to downplay all of the fun and exciting things you've done in your life -- they'll only make you sound more impressive.\\nWhen you meet a new man, tell him about all the cool stuff you've done. He'll think you're even more awesome because of it.\\n1-6. Get strong and show the best of yourself to others.\\nYounger men and women, your peers and those you work with are attracted to or inspired by a woman who doesn’t second guess her decision making, has some life experience and knows how to get what she wants. Indeed, this is a time to be a great mentor to younger people who look up to you; you'll be helping them and you'll feel useful and important imparting your knowledge to them. If you feel as if you aren’t ready to go for the gusto, recall your life achievements and what you did to get there. It's time to stand tall and be the woman you know you really are deep down; life isn't waiting for ever and it's time to seize the now.\\nThink about what it took to land your current job or routine. Did you impress your boss or others with your knowledge or demonstrate unwavering decision making? Are you one of the best in your industry and why do your peers respect you?\\nConsider the many things that you do well. Are you a great mom who can clean a mean house? Or are you a shark in the boardroom, typically getting the wavering board members to bow down to you?\\n1-7. Stop feeling guilty about or responsible for others.\\nWith age and increased experience, many an overly responsive woman realizes that people own their own problems and that she doesn't have to anymore (not that she ever did). Let those family members and friends who have over-relied on you to this point find their own way in life. Detach yourself gently or boldly, depending on whom you're dealing with, and let people make their own decisions so that you are free to make yours.\\nLearn to blow off people who make your life lesser. You don't need people who drain you of energy, take advantage of your or drag you down. No self-respecting cougar tolerates such people.\\nBeing cold and distant is often considered cruel. However, it's an art form and using such a demeanor with some people is essential so that they get the message and know that they're cut out of your life. Moochers, users and narcissists beware.\\nFeeling a little disconcerted at being the one to take control and get what you want? Realize that being in control and getting what you want are actions taken for granted by many men; the cougar learns this to her advantage, gaining both power and respect.\\n2. Getting the Look\\n2-1. Update your haircut\\nHighlights work well as they cover up the grey hairs that have begun sprouting and give an even color tone. Most cougars are opting for sexy, younger looking hairstyles. Just make sure that the haircut looks good on your face and fits your age and body type. Don't try to rock the Miley Cyrus super short spiky haircut unless you think it's really right for you. You can try updating your look by getting bangs, layering your hair, or cutting off hair that is so long that it has started to look a bit stringy.\\nYou can go for a shorter bob if you think your long hair is too messy and unruly, but you should be careful. You don't want to cut your hair so short that you're starting to rock the Grandma look.\\nYears ago, middle-aged women would cut their hair into a “sensible” style and let the greys pop. Today, no way. It’s about sweeping, shapely, sexy hair. Think Jennifer Aniston and Demi Moore, not Martha Stewart. (However, think Helen Mirren if you do want to go grey and sexy; it's all in a good haircut coupled with the independent attitude.)\\n2-2. Update your wardrobe.\\nChoose clothing and shoes that are runway ready. The latest fashions and styles are always worn by powerful cougar women. That doesn't mean that you actually have to shop at the most expensive store in town, but you should find clothes that flatter your body and make you look smoking hot. For dating, wear clothes that accentuate how hot and toned your body is, or how curvaceous you are. If you have a tracksuit, burn it, now.\\nShow off your best features. If you've got legs to die for, flaunt em.\\nResearch what colors and clothing styles would look best on your body, and don’t be afraid to try something new!\\n2-3. Get in shape.\\nAlthough some may say that once you hit 40, there is nothing you can do about the battle of the bulge, cougars say, “give me a break.” You can look as good as you want if you put your mind to it. And if you don't want to look like a runway model, that's perfectly fine, too. Just hit up the gym enough that you feel good about your body and feel like you're in a healthy frame of mind.\\nHowever, don't forget that curves can be ultra sexy too, provided you're still toned and svelte. Go with what works for your body type.\\n3. Meeting Guys\\n3-1. Look in the right places.\\nIf you want to find younger men, meaning men who are 25 and younger, then you can't go to the typical places where you would go, such as nice restaurants or spas. You'll have to check out happy hour in your town's financial district, go to a sports bar on game day, or check out bars or clubs in your neighborhood that cater to a younger crowd. This doesn't mean you have to go slumming and go to a sketchy bar that only serves $2 PBRs, but it does mean that you should go to a place that a younger guy would like and one that he could afford.\\nIf you want 'em really young, go to bars that cater to a college audience. Just make sure your man can legally drink.\\n3-2. Find the right man.\\nTrue cougars don't date men their age (or older). You've already been there and done that and this age group has been found wanting. The point of being a cougar is to date younger men, whose experiences and way of thinking are fresh, enthusiastic and more women-friendly. Of course, avoid dating anyone under the age of 20 because you could be dealing with jailbait (underage partner), plus you have to consider that you're old enough to have given birth to someone this young.\\nWhile you may like your men young, try to remain within an age range where you could possibly be their date but not their mommy––you don't want to play wet-nurse to an immature fledgling of a man still trying to find his way in life.\\nLook for confident, sexy and well dressed young men. Seek eye contact; if they meet your gaze and hold it, you're onto a good thing.\\nAvoid young men who clearly have insecurity issues. They need to grow up without the lessons you have to teach; your experience and sexiness might be the last straw in their fragile egos.\\nChoose between men you befriend and men you date. Those you befriend are your long-term friendships (with or without benefits); those you date tend to be very short-term, perhaps even one night stands, and are easily blown off.\\n3-3. Teach him a thing or two about life.\\nThe advantage of being a cougar is that you've had a lot of experience and know what to do with it. So, if you meet a guy you like spending time with, you should teach him a thing or two without sounding like his mom or his teacher. It doesn't have to be anything too serious. Order your favorite drink for him or give him some advice on getting a promotion. Let him know that you're fun to have around and knowledgeable.\\nYou can do this as long as you don't threaten the guy's manliness. Teach him a thing or two without making him feel like he's clueless.\\n3-4. Teach him a thing or two in the bedroom.\\nThis goes without saying. Once you've got the guy in bed with you, you don't have to follow his lead. Hey, he's 22 and has probably had the same boring sex with his ex-girlfriend from high school until he saw you and your amazing moves. Don't wait for him to give you what you want; show him how to do it. He'll be turned on when you take the initiative, and both of you will be grateful that you took the time to tell him what's really going on.\\nYoung men are grateful in bed and love the experience of older women. Also, guys in their early twenties are more at their sexual peak than men your own age, so enjoy the benefits.\\n3-5. Don't worry about the age difference.\\nIf you want to have fun with your new boy toy, then you have to stop mentioning the fact that he's young enough to be your son. That's not what matters. What matters is that you're having a good time and want to keep having one...instead of worrying that he's not even old enough to rent a car.\\nDon't bring it up, and if it does come up, just laugh. You can teach him a thing or two without reminding him that he's half your age.\\n3-6. Keep the upper hand in the relationship.\\nA cougar never lets the man take control of the entire relationship, even if she lets him “think” he has it. Be one step ahead of the men and anticipate his next move. Be ready to walk away at any time should he start to get too serious or if the relationship is headed in the wrong direction.\\nThis is your ultimate power; just remain calm, stick with your long-term plan to date widely and freely and you'll be fine.\\nTips\\nDon’t start conversations off with younger men talking about sex. Show him your brain long before you show him anything else.\\nNever appear desperate or overly enthusiastic that you're getting attention from younger men. Guys like it when you are aloof and act like you could take him or leave him.\\nAvoid meeting your younger guy’s mom off the bat. Chances are, you may either be her same age or only slightly younger and she may not like knowing that her baby boy is with someone considerably older.\\nWarnings\\nWait several months before introducing any new man you've turned long-term serious about to your children. Children of divorce can often become quickly attached to or instantly despise a new person. Give the relationship a long time to marinate and let your children see how happy you are before the formal introductions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you ready to buy a one-way ticket to Cougartown? A cougar can be defined as a woman in her late thirties or forties who is successful, independent, hot, and ready to meet some younger men. Being a cougar is all about the attitude -- if you own it, then no one will judge you and you'll be on your way to having a sexual Renaissance. If you want to know how to be hotter than Mrs. Robinson or Miranda from Sex and the City, just follow these steps.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Attitude\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be independent.\", \"描述\": \"A true cougar is independent -- both financially and emotionally. Though it would be fun to meet a new guy and to hook up with him or even have him romance you, you shouldn't need to meet a new guy every time you go out. A true cougar is comfortable enough with herself that she doesn't need some eye candy by her side to make her feel whole. You should have your own friends, your own hobbies, and your own meaningful career or passion instead of depending on another man to make you feel complete.\\nThe guys you meet will be used to having young girls who are needy trying to take up all of their time. You'll show them that you're different from these girls because you don't need them. In turn, this will make them want you even more.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Shrug off rejection.\", \"描述\": \"If you're setting out to be a cougar, then you obviously know that you're going against many people's traditional ideas about how a woman your age should act. And that's perfectly okay. It's up to you to own your lifestyle, and to be proud of the woman that you are. If some men make fun of you for it -- or, more likely, some other women, then learn to brush them off and move on with your day. You don't have time for it.\\nIf people tease you for going clubbing instead of staying at home, don't sweat it. You're just living it up and going for the life you want. Everyone has their own definition of happiness.\\nThen again, a cougar is more likely to not even think about failure in dating. She knows there are men who will drool over her beauty and sophistication and provided she chooses the right man when it suits her, she'll never be at a loss for a date. Remember that not wanting commitment, only wanting a short-term relationship and being very sexy are enormous turn-ons for younger men. Plus, they get the chance to be shown the ropes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Toss your baggage aside.\", \"描述\": \"If you're in your forties, then it's likely you've had some challenges at this point in your life. Maybe they were professional, maybe you had to go through a rough divorce, or maybe you're having trouble dealing with your young children. Whatever your problems are, try to kick them to the curb whenever you go out. If you're serious about dating the young man you find, you can open up to him eventually, but try to keep things fun and light when you go out into the dating world.\\nThis doesn't mean that you should lie if you just went through a divorce or whatever. Just try to open with the light stuff and talk about the serious stuff later.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Exude confidence.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a cougar, then you've got to own it. March into a room like you own the place, not like you feel like you're crashing your daughter's prom after-party in your own basement. Show the guys that you love who you are, love where you are in life, and are happy with what you do. Smile, make eye contact, and stand proud and tall. Be optimistic when you make conversation, and show people that they should feel happy to be in your company.\\nIf you want to wear a tight dress and high heels in your forties, then woman, you've gotta have confidence to tie it all together. If you have the right attitude, you'll be catching every guy's eye.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be proud of your experience.\", \"描述\": \"Don't think that all of those years you spent dating, in marriage, or being out and about in the world are worth nothing. This is different from casting your baggage aside; you should realize that you are a woman of experience and be proud of all of the different things that the people in your past and present have taught you. If you've had three careers, be proud of it. Lived in five states? Even better. Don't try to downplay all of the fun and exciting things you've done in your life -- they'll only make you sound more impressive.\\nWhen you meet a new man, tell him about all the cool stuff you've done. He'll think you're even more awesome because of it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get strong and show the best of yourself to others.\", \"描述\": \"Younger men and women, your peers and those you work with are attracted to or inspired by a woman who doesn’t second guess her decision making, has some life experience and knows how to get what she wants. Indeed, this is a time to be a great mentor to younger people who look up to you; you'll be helping them and you'll feel useful and important imparting your knowledge to them. If you feel as if you aren’t ready to go for the gusto, recall your life achievements and what you did to get there. It's time to stand tall and be the woman you know you really are deep down; life isn't waiting for ever and it's time to seize the now.\\nThink about what it took to land your current job or routine. Did you impress your boss or others with your knowledge or demonstrate unwavering decision making? Are you one of the best in your industry and why do your peers respect you?\\nConsider the many things that you do well. Are you a great mom who can clean a mean house? Or are you a shark in the boardroom, typically getting the wavering board members to bow down to you?\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stop feeling guilty about or responsible for others.\", \"描述\": \"With age and increased experience, many an overly responsive woman realizes that people own their own problems and that she doesn't have to anymore (not that she ever did). Let those family members and friends who have over-relied on you to this point find their own way in life. Detach yourself gently or boldly, depending on whom you're dealing with, and let people make their own decisions so that you are free to make yours.\\nLearn to blow off people who make your life lesser. You don't need people who drain you of energy, take advantage of your or drag you down. No self-respecting cougar tolerates such people.\\nBeing cold and distant is often considered cruel. However, it's an art form and using such a demeanor with some people is essential so that they get the message and know that they're cut out of your life. Moochers, users and narcissists beware.\\nFeeling a little disconcerted at being the one to take control and get what you want? Realize that being in control and getting what you want are actions taken for granted by many men; the cougar learns this to her advantage, gaining both power and respect.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Look\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Update your haircut\", \"描述\": \"Highlights work well as they cover up the grey hairs that have begun sprouting and give an even color tone. Most cougars are opting for sexy, younger looking hairstyles. Just make sure that the haircut looks good on your face and fits your age and body type. Don't try to rock the Miley Cyrus super short spiky haircut unless you think it's really right for you. You can try updating your look by getting bangs, layering your hair, or cutting off hair that is so long that it has started to look a bit stringy.\\nYou can go for a shorter bob if you think your long hair is too messy and unruly, but you should be careful. You don't want to cut your hair so short that you're starting to rock the Grandma look.\\nYears ago, middle-aged women would cut their hair into a “sensible” style and let the greys pop. Today, no way. It’s about sweeping, shapely, sexy hair. Think Jennifer Aniston and Demi Moore, not Martha Stewart. (However, think Helen Mirren if you do want to go grey and sexy; it's all in a good haircut coupled with the independent attitude.)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Update your wardrobe.\", \"描述\": \"Choose clothing and shoes that are runway ready. The latest fashions and styles are always worn by powerful cougar women. That doesn't mean that you actually have to shop at the most expensive store in town, but you should find clothes that flatter your body and make you look smoking hot. For dating, wear clothes that accentuate how hot and toned your body is, or how curvaceous you are. If you have a tracksuit, burn it, now.\\nShow off your best features. If you've got legs to die for, flaunt em.\\nResearch what colors and clothing styles would look best on your body, and don’t be afraid to try something new!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get in shape.\", \"描述\": \"Although some may say that once you hit 40, there is nothing you can do about the battle of the bulge, cougars say, “give me a break.” You can look as good as you want if you put your mind to it. And if you don't want to look like a runway model, that's perfectly fine, too. Just hit up the gym enough that you feel good about your body and feel like you're in a healthy frame of mind.\\nHowever, don't forget that curves can be ultra sexy too, provided you're still toned and svelte. Go with what works for your body type.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meeting Guys\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look in the right places.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to find younger men, meaning men who are 25 and younger, then you can't go to the typical places where you would go, such as nice restaurants or spas. You'll have to check out happy hour in your town's financial district, go to a sports bar on game day, or check out bars or clubs in your neighborhood that cater to a younger crowd. This doesn't mean you have to go slumming and go to a sketchy bar that only serves $2 PBRs, but it does mean that you should go to a place that a younger guy would like and one that he could afford.\\nIf you want 'em really young, go to bars that cater to a college audience. Just make sure your man can legally drink.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the right man.\", \"描述\": \"True cougars don't date men their age (or older). You've already been there and done that and this age group has been found wanting. The point of being a cougar is to date younger men, whose experiences and way of thinking are fresh, enthusiastic and more women-friendly. Of course, avoid dating anyone under the age of 20 because you could be dealing with jailbait (underage partner), plus you have to consider that you're old enough to have given birth to someone this young.\\nWhile you may like your men young, try to remain within an age range where you could possibly be their date but not their mommy––you don't want to play wet-nurse to an immature fledgling of a man still trying to find his way in life.\\nLook for confident, sexy and well dressed young men. Seek eye contact; if they meet your gaze and hold it, you're onto a good thing.\\nAvoid young men who clearly have insecurity issues. They need to grow up without the lessons you have to teach; your experience and sexiness might be the last straw in their fragile egos.\\nChoose between men you befriend and men you date. Those you befriend are your long-term friendships (with or without benefits); those you date tend to be very short-term, perhaps even one night stands, and are easily blown off.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach him a thing or two about life.\", \"描述\": \"The advantage of being a cougar is that you've had a lot of experience and know what to do with it. So, if you meet a guy you like spending time with, you should teach him a thing or two without sounding like his mom or his teacher. It doesn't have to be anything too serious. Order your favorite drink for him or give him some advice on getting a promotion. Let him know that you're fun to have around and knowledgeable.\\nYou can do this as long as you don't threaten the guy's manliness. Teach him a thing or two without making him feel like he's clueless.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Teach him a thing or two in the bedroom.\", \"描述\": \"This goes without saying. Once you've got the guy in bed with you, you don't have to follow his lead. Hey, he's 22 and has probably had the same boring sex with his ex-girlfriend from high school until he saw you and your amazing moves. Don't wait for him to give you what you want; show him how to do it. He'll be turned on when you take the initiative, and both of you will be grateful that you took the time to tell him what's really going on.\\nYoung men are grateful in bed and love the experience of older women. Also, guys in their early twenties are more at their sexual peak than men your own age, so enjoy the benefits.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don't worry about the age difference.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to have fun with your new boy toy, then you have to stop mentioning the fact that he's young enough to be your son. That's not what matters. What matters is that you're having a good time and want to keep having one...instead of worrying that he's not even old enough to rent a car.\\nDon't bring it up, and if it does come up, just laugh. You can teach him a thing or two without reminding him that he's half your age.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep the upper hand in the relationship.\", \"描述\": \"A cougar never lets the man take control of the entire relationship, even if she lets him “think” he has it. Be one step ahead of the men and anticipate his next move. Be ready to walk away at any time should he start to get too serious or if the relationship is headed in the wrong direction.\\nThis is your ultimate power; just remain calm, stick with your long-term plan to date widely and freely and you'll be fine.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t start conversations off with younger men talking about sex. Show him your brain long before you show him anything else.\\n\", \"Never appear desperate or overly enthusiastic that you're getting attention from younger men. Guys like it when you are aloof and act like you could take him or leave him.\\n\", \"Avoid meeting your younger guy’s mom off the bat. Chances are, you may either be her same age or only slightly younger and she may not like knowing that her baby boy is with someone considerably older.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Wait several months before introducing any new man you've turned long-term serious about to your children. Children of divorce can often become quickly attached to or instantly despise a new person. Give the relationship a long time to marinate and let your children see how happy you are before the formal introductions.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,303 |
How to Become a Creative Director
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1. Earning the Right Credentials
1-1. Start preparing while you are in high school.
Any kind of creative courses can help pave the way for your career as a creative director. Take art, art history, or photography course through your school, or seek out summer programs. Seminars in any kind of digital media can be particularly helpful for this career path.
Simply getting good grades will also help you get into a good college.
1-2. Earn a bachelor of arts in graphic design or animation.
In order to work as a creative director, you will need to hold a bachelor’s degree. Look for a 4-year college program with courses on information design, web design, graphics, and/or animation.
Consider a minor in communications, business, or both. This can help with analytic and interpersonal skills.
1-3. Learn as many digital skills as you can.
The whole world is going digital, and this is certainly true for magazines, newspapers, and advertising. To work as a creative director, you will need to be well-versed in the creation of all sorts of digital media. Take classes in college, enroll in training programs online, or practice completely on your own. Some things to study include:
Coding (HTML, PHP)
Video creation and editing (Final Cut Pro, After Effects, Flash)
Photo manipulation (Photoshop)
Digital design (Illustrator, InDesign)
1-4. Expose yourself to fashion, art, and culture to bolster your creativity.
While you are in school, take all sorts of creative classes (like fashion, drawing, or film studies), not just design. Read fashion magazines, watch films, and visit museums. Creativity is at the heart of being a creative director. You must have a good eye for what works, a unique vision, and great sense of visual style. Bolster these skills by critiquing everything you see, determining what you like and don’t like, and why.
1-5. Consider an advanced degree.
Earning a Master’s degree is not required for work as a creative director, but returning to school can give you more opportunities to learn and grow in your creative practice. You might want to earn an MA or MFA in visual communications, information design, or fashion.
Apply for graduate school between December and February, prior to the fall you wish to start.
No amount of school is a replacement for work experience. You may want to spend some time working before you go back to school.
2. Gaining Employment in the Field
2-1. Get an internship.
While you are still in college, or soon after you graduate, consider looking for work as an unpaid intern. If you have the financial means to take unpaid work for a while, an internship can provide valuable experience, and may even lead to a paying job.
Ask your professors about internship possibilities.
More internships are available to students than non-students, so begin looking for this kind of work while you are still in school.
Visit the websites for companies you like and look for internship opportunities.
2-2. Look for work as a copywriter or designer.
When you are close to earning your bachelor’s degree, begin looking for work. Scour job sites like Monster, Indeed, or Upwork. Look on Craigslist, or go directly to the websites for companies you are interested in.
Ideally, you will find work in the media you’d like to work with (newspaper, magazine, web, etc.). However, any type of creative work, or even work in business, can be beneficial to you.
2-3. Network
Seek out people who are successful in your field and follow their careers. Reach out to people you already know (such as professors or internship supervisors) and see if they have any connections to creative directors, or anyone in marketing or media. Connect with creative directors using online channels, like LinkedIn. When you do get the chance to speak with a creative director, be ready to introduce yourself and have a couple of key questions ready.
Develop your personal elevator pitch, and figure out how to introduce yourself in just a minute or two.
Take a creative director out to lunch or coffee to get advice about your career.
2-4. Put together your resume and portfolio.
When you locate a job you’d like to apply for, carefully review the application guidelines. Create a resume that features your current contact information, relevant work experience, relevant skills, and education. Include info about any relevant awards or honors. If they ask for art/design examples, select the work that best represents the skills they desire.
The most important thing is to follow the specific application guidelines to a T. For instance, if a job asks for 3 design examples, do not provide 5. If they want a resume, keep it to 1-2 pages. If they want a CV, it can be much longer.
Tailor your resume and portfolio to meet the needs of the job. For instance, if it is a writing job, foreground your writing/editing experience and only mention design experience briefly.
2-5. Sharpen your interview skills.
When you are asked to come in for an interview, begin practicing and preparing. If you’ve been asked for an interview, you already have a foot in the door. The interview is a conversation where you both determine whether or not you’d be a good fit. Spend some time researching, thinking, and preparing.
Start by doing as much research as you can about the company.
Make flashcards about key features of the company. They will want someone who already understands their mission, goals, and attitude.
Your interviewer will always ask if you have any questions. Come up with a series of question you’d like to ask. This can include specifics about your workload, type of work you’ll be doing, and salary/benefits.
Practice with a friend. Try to imagine what questions they will ask and do a practice interview at home.
3. Advancing Your Career
3-1. Work hard at your job.
Once you have been hired as a copywriter, designer, or any job in your field, you will need to work extremely hard. Show that you are an exemplary employee by going above and beyond what is expected. Some ways to stand out include:
Show up for work early and stay late.
Be polite, congenial, and easy to work with.
Be willing to take on additional projects.
Take all projects seriously, even seemingly insignificant ones.
Double and triple-check all of your assignments to ensure that they are free from errors.
Complete all projects on time, or ahead of schedule.
3-2. Show that you’re willing to compromise.
To be a creative director, you must learn to balance your own tastes and desires against the needs of your clients, company, and team. Furthermore, how well you work with others will play a major role in your career growth. Start by collaborating on creative projects with friends, co-workers, and peers to get used to compromising your vision for the greater good. Being an artist means working from your heart and creating whatever you want. Working in a creative field is something different.
3-3. Seek advancement within your company.
Whether you stay in the workforce, or pause to go to graduate school and then return, you will need to work your way up to becoming a creative director. After you’ve spent several months working hard as a copywriter/designer, make it known to your supervisor that you’re open to advancement. Advancing within your current company is an excellent way to build your career while demonstrating longevity and loyalty on your resume.
Most people must work in the industry for a few years before they can be considered for a job as a creative director.
3-4. Look for opportunities outside of your company.
Perhaps you do not see the opportunity for upward mobility in your current company. Better yet, perhaps you have already advanced as far as you can go. In either case, it is time to seek new and better job offers. Reach out to other professionals in your field to find out about potential jobs. Return to jobs sites, and/or contact specific firms you’d like to work with. With more work experience and a stronger portfolio, you should be able to snag a better position.
Revisit and improve your resume and portfolio.
Emphasize the ways in which you worked hard and exceeded expectations with your current employer.
Seek positive references from your current supervisor and/or happy clients (if your position allows you to do so).
Practice your interview skills again.
Keep moving up, within a given company or outside of it, until you gain a position as a lead creative director.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Earning the Right Credentials\\n1-1. Start preparing while you are in high school.\\nAny kind of creative courses can help pave the way for your career as a creative director. Take art, art history, or photography course through your school, or seek out summer programs. Seminars in any kind of digital media can be particularly helpful for this career path.\\nSimply getting good grades will also help you get into a good college.\\n1-2. Earn a bachelor of arts in graphic design or animation.\\nIn order to work as a creative director, you will need to hold a bachelor’s degree. Look for a 4-year college program with courses on information design, web design, graphics, and/or animation.\\nConsider a minor in communications, business, or both. This can help with analytic and interpersonal skills.\\n1-3. Learn as many digital skills as you can.\\nThe whole world is going digital, and this is certainly true for magazines, newspapers, and advertising. To work as a creative director, you will need to be well-versed in the creation of all sorts of digital media. Take classes in college, enroll in training programs online, or practice completely on your own. Some things to study include:\\nCoding (HTML, PHP)\\nVideo creation and editing (Final Cut Pro, After Effects, Flash)\\nPhoto manipulation (Photoshop)\\nDigital design (Illustrator, InDesign)\\n1-4. Expose yourself to fashion, art, and culture to bolster your creativity.\\nWhile you are in school, take all sorts of creative classes (like fashion, drawing, or film studies), not just design. Read fashion magazines, watch films, and visit museums. Creativity is at the heart of being a creative director. You must have a good eye for what works, a unique vision, and great sense of visual style. Bolster these skills by critiquing everything you see, determining what you like and don’t like, and why.\\n1-5. Consider an advanced degree.\\nEarning a Master’s degree is not required for work as a creative director, but returning to school can give you more opportunities to learn and grow in your creative practice. You might want to earn an MA or MFA in visual communications, information design, or fashion.\\nApply for graduate school between December and February, prior to the fall you wish to start.\\nNo amount of school is a replacement for work experience. You may want to spend some time working before you go back to school.\\n2. Gaining Employment in the Field\\n2-1. Get an internship.\\nWhile you are still in college, or soon after you graduate, consider looking for work as an unpaid intern. If you have the financial means to take unpaid work for a while, an internship can provide valuable experience, and may even lead to a paying job.\\nAsk your professors about internship possibilities.\\nMore internships are available to students than non-students, so begin looking for this kind of work while you are still in school.\\nVisit the websites for companies you like and look for internship opportunities.\\n2-2. Look for work as a copywriter or designer.\\nWhen you are close to earning your bachelor’s degree, begin looking for work. Scour job sites like Monster, Indeed, or Upwork. Look on Craigslist, or go directly to the websites for companies you are interested in.\\nIdeally, you will find work in the media you’d like to work with (newspaper, magazine, web, etc.). However, any type of creative work, or even work in business, can be beneficial to you.\\n2-3. Network\\nSeek out people who are successful in your field and follow their careers. Reach out to people you already know (such as professors or internship supervisors) and see if they have any connections to creative directors, or anyone in marketing or media. Connect with creative directors using online channels, like LinkedIn. When you do get the chance to speak with a creative director, be ready to introduce yourself and have a couple of key questions ready.\\nDevelop your personal elevator pitch, and figure out how to introduce yourself in just a minute or two.\\nTake a creative director out to lunch or coffee to get advice about your career.\\n2-4. Put together your resume and portfolio.\\nWhen you locate a job you’d like to apply for, carefully review the application guidelines. Create a resume that features your current contact information, relevant work experience, relevant skills, and education. Include info about any relevant awards or honors. If they ask for art/design examples, select the work that best represents the skills they desire.\\nThe most important thing is to follow the specific application guidelines to a T. For instance, if a job asks for 3 design examples, do not provide 5. If they want a resume, keep it to 1-2 pages. If they want a CV, it can be much longer.\\nTailor your resume and portfolio to meet the needs of the job. For instance, if it is a writing job, foreground your writing/editing experience and only mention design experience briefly.\\n2-5. Sharpen your interview skills.\\nWhen you are asked to come in for an interview, begin practicing and preparing. If you’ve been asked for an interview, you already have a foot in the door. The interview is a conversation where you both determine whether or not you’d be a good fit. Spend some time researching, thinking, and preparing.\\nStart by doing as much research as you can about the company.\\nMake flashcards about key features of the company. They will want someone who already understands their mission, goals, and attitude.\\nYour interviewer will always ask if you have any questions. Come up with a series of question you’d like to ask. This can include specifics about your workload, type of work you’ll be doing, and salary/benefits.\\nPractice with a friend. Try to imagine what questions they will ask and do a practice interview at home.\\n3. Advancing Your Career\\n3-1. Work hard at your job.\\nOnce you have been hired as a copywriter, designer, or any job in your field, you will need to work extremely hard. Show that you are an exemplary employee by going above and beyond what is expected. Some ways to stand out include:\\nShow up for work early and stay late.\\nBe polite, congenial, and easy to work with.\\nBe willing to take on additional projects.\\nTake all projects seriously, even seemingly insignificant ones.\\nDouble and triple-check all of your assignments to ensure that they are free from errors.\\nComplete all projects on time, or ahead of schedule.\\n3-2. Show that you’re willing to compromise.\\nTo be a creative director, you must learn to balance your own tastes and desires against the needs of your clients, company, and team. Furthermore, how well you work with others will play a major role in your career growth. Start by collaborating on creative projects with friends, co-workers, and peers to get used to compromising your vision for the greater good. Being an artist means working from your heart and creating whatever you want. Working in a creative field is something different.\\n3-3. Seek advancement within your company.\\nWhether you stay in the workforce, or pause to go to graduate school and then return, you will need to work your way up to becoming a creative director. After you’ve spent several months working hard as a copywriter/designer, make it known to your supervisor that you’re open to advancement. Advancing within your current company is an excellent way to build your career while demonstrating longevity and loyalty on your resume.\\nMost people must work in the industry for a few years before they can be considered for a job as a creative director.\\n3-4. Look for opportunities outside of your company.\\nPerhaps you do not see the opportunity for upward mobility in your current company. Better yet, perhaps you have already advanced as far as you can go. In either case, it is time to seek new and better job offers. Reach out to other professionals in your field to find out about potential jobs. Return to jobs sites, and/or contact specific firms you’d like to work with. With more work experience and a stronger portfolio, you should be able to snag a better position.\\nRevisit and improve your resume and portfolio.\\nEmphasize the ways in which you worked hard and exceeded expectations with your current employer.\\nSeek positive references from your current supervisor and/or happy clients (if your position allows you to do so).\\nPractice your interview skills again.\\nKeep moving up, within a given company or outside of it, until you gain a position as a lead creative director.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you are interested in art and design, and you have a keen mind for business and communication, you may want to become a creative director. A creative director manages a team of copywriters and designers to oversee the artistic production of a magazine, newspaper, or advertising campaign. This exciting field brings together art, business, and interpersonal negotiation. By earning the proper credentials, building a strong and varied skill set, and working very hard, this dream can be attainable for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earning the Right Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start preparing while you are in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Any kind of creative courses can help pave the way for your career as a creative director. Take art, art history, or photography course through your school, or seek out summer programs. Seminars in any kind of digital media can be particularly helpful for this career path.\\nSimply getting good grades will also help you get into a good college.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor of arts in graphic design or animation.\", \"描述\": \"In order to work as a creative director, you will need to hold a bachelor’s degree. Look for a 4-year college program with courses on information design, web design, graphics, and/or animation.\\nConsider a minor in communications, business, or both. This can help with analytic and interpersonal skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn as many digital skills as you can.\", \"描述\": \"The whole world is going digital, and this is certainly true for magazines, newspapers, and advertising. To work as a creative director, you will need to be well-versed in the creation of all sorts of digital media. Take classes in college, enroll in training programs online, or practice completely on your own. Some things to study include:\\nCoding (HTML, PHP)\\nVideo creation and editing (Final Cut Pro, After Effects, Flash)\\nPhoto manipulation (Photoshop)\\nDigital design (Illustrator, InDesign)\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Expose yourself to fashion, art, and culture to bolster your creativity.\", \"描述\": \"While you are in school, take all sorts of creative classes (like fashion, drawing, or film studies), not just design. Read fashion magazines, watch films, and visit museums. Creativity is at the heart of being a creative director. You must have a good eye for what works, a unique vision, and great sense of visual style. Bolster these skills by critiquing everything you see, determining what you like and don’t like, and why.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider an advanced degree.\", \"描述\": \"Earning a Master’s degree is not required for work as a creative director, but returning to school can give you more opportunities to learn and grow in your creative practice. You might want to earn an MA or MFA in visual communications, information design, or fashion.\\nApply for graduate school between December and February, prior to the fall you wish to start.\\nNo amount of school is a replacement for work experience. You may want to spend some time working before you go back to school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Employment in the Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an internship.\", \"描述\": \"While you are still in college, or soon after you graduate, consider looking for work as an unpaid intern. If you have the financial means to take unpaid work for a while, an internship can provide valuable experience, and may even lead to a paying job.\\nAsk your professors about internship possibilities.\\nMore internships are available to students than non-students, so begin looking for this kind of work while you are still in school.\\nVisit the websites for companies you like and look for internship opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for work as a copywriter or designer.\", \"描述\": \"When you are close to earning your bachelor’s degree, begin looking for work. Scour job sites like Monster, Indeed, or Upwork. Look on Craigslist, or go directly to the websites for companies you are interested in.\\nIdeally, you will find work in the media you’d like to work with (newspaper, magazine, web, etc.). However, any type of creative work, or even work in business, can be beneficial to you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Network\", \"描述\": \"Seek out people who are successful in your field and follow their careers. Reach out to people you already know (such as professors or internship supervisors) and see if they have any connections to creative directors, or anyone in marketing or media. Connect with creative directors using online channels, like LinkedIn. When you do get the chance to speak with a creative director, be ready to introduce yourself and have a couple of key questions ready.\\nDevelop your personal elevator pitch, and figure out how to introduce yourself in just a minute or two.\\nTake a creative director out to lunch or coffee to get advice about your career.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put together your resume and portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"When you locate a job you’d like to apply for, carefully review the application guidelines. Create a resume that features your current contact information, relevant work experience, relevant skills, and education. Include info about any relevant awards or honors. If they ask for art/design examples, select the work that best represents the skills they desire.\\nThe most important thing is to follow the specific application guidelines to a T. For instance, if a job asks for 3 design examples, do not provide 5. If they want a resume, keep it to 1-2 pages. If they want a CV, it can be much longer.\\nTailor your resume and portfolio to meet the needs of the job. For instance, if it is a writing job, foreground your writing/editing experience and only mention design experience briefly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sharpen your interview skills.\", \"描述\": \"When you are asked to come in for an interview, begin practicing and preparing. If you’ve been asked for an interview, you already have a foot in the door. The interview is a conversation where you both determine whether or not you’d be a good fit. Spend some time researching, thinking, and preparing.\\nStart by doing as much research as you can about the company.\\nMake flashcards about key features of the company. They will want someone who already understands their mission, goals, and attitude.\\nYour interviewer will always ask if you have any questions. Come up with a series of question you’d like to ask. This can include specifics about your workload, type of work you’ll be doing, and salary/benefits.\\nPractice with a friend. Try to imagine what questions they will ask and do a practice interview at home.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work hard at your job.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been hired as a copywriter, designer, or any job in your field, you will need to work extremely hard. Show that you are an exemplary employee by going above and beyond what is expected. Some ways to stand out include:\\nShow up for work early and stay late.\\nBe polite, congenial, and easy to work with.\\nBe willing to take on additional projects.\\nTake all projects seriously, even seemingly insignificant ones.\\nDouble and triple-check all of your assignments to ensure that they are free from errors.\\nComplete all projects on time, or ahead of schedule.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Show that you’re willing to compromise.\", \"描述\": \"To be a creative director, you must learn to balance your own tastes and desires against the needs of your clients, company, and team. Furthermore, how well you work with others will play a major role in your career growth. Start by collaborating on creative projects with friends, co-workers, and peers to get used to compromising your vision for the greater good. Being an artist means working from your heart and creating whatever you want. Working in a creative field is something different.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek advancement within your company.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you stay in the workforce, or pause to go to graduate school and then return, you will need to work your way up to becoming a creative director. After you’ve spent several months working hard as a copywriter/designer, make it known to your supervisor that you’re open to advancement. Advancing within your current company is an excellent way to build your career while demonstrating longevity and loyalty on your resume.\\nMost people must work in the industry for a few years before they can be considered for a job as a creative director.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for opportunities outside of your company.\", \"描述\": \"Perhaps you do not see the opportunity for upward mobility in your current company. Better yet, perhaps you have already advanced as far as you can go. In either case, it is time to seek new and better job offers. Reach out to other professionals in your field to find out about potential jobs. Return to jobs sites, and/or contact specific firms you’d like to work with. With more work experience and a stronger portfolio, you should be able to snag a better position.\\nRevisit and improve your resume and portfolio.\\nEmphasize the ways in which you worked hard and exceeded expectations with your current employer.\\nSeek positive references from your current supervisor and/or happy clients (if your position allows you to do so).\\nPractice your interview skills again.\\nKeep moving up, within a given company or outside of it, until you gain a position as a lead creative director.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,304 |
How to Become a Credit Card Merchant
|
1. Meeting the Requirements
1-1. Get a business license if you don't have one.
Visit the website for your state's Secretary of State and apply for a business license if you don't already have one. You'll need the license to apply for a merchant account and for several other steps down the line. You'll have to wait until you actually have the license before moving forward with your credit card merchant application.
Getting a business license may require a small fee, depending on your business type and state. See your Secretary of State's website for more information.
1-2. Open a business bank account.
Even if you own a sole proprietorship, you will need a dedicated business bank account to apply to be a credit card merchant. This account will be used for all of your credit card transactions. When you open the account, be sure to put in a small initial balance, as processing fees or other fees may be charged to the account before you receive any customer money. The amount of the required balance will depend on which payment processor you use.
1-3. Meet the data security requirements.
All business accepting credit card payments, from large corporations to sole proprietorships, are required to adhere to the same data security standards. Collectively referred to as the Payment Card Industry (PCI) standards, they require specific levels of card verification and data encryption. Generally, this is handled by the payment processor, but it is up to you to make sure that they adhere to these rules.
Online transactions are usually safeguarded by the security of your chosen selling platform and your payment processor.
1-4. Make sure your revenue levels are high enough.
Many credit card processors require that your business earn a certain amount of revenue each month to qualify for credit card merchant status. This requirement varies from very low, near zero, revenue requirements to upwards of $10,000 per month, depending on the processor. If you don't meet the threshold for a given processor, you might be rejected. However, with a multitude of processor options out there, you will probably not have trouble finding one to service your business.
2. Finding the Right Partners
2-1. Obtain a merchant account.
Merchant banks, also called acquirers, are commercial banks that facilitate merchants' acceptance of credit card payments. A merchant account (an account with a merchant bank) is required to receive credit card payments.. These merchant banks process payments using one of the major credit card networks (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover), which makes sure that payments go to the right issuer (the bank that provided the card to the customer). Go to the websites of the major credit card brands (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, or American Express) and look through their list of merchant banks. Contact them and ask about their rates so that you can compare how much their services will cost.
Merchant banks' fees are based on a "merchant discount" rate that is charged to you as a percentage of each purchase. Use this figure to compare the costs of different merchant banks.
When applying for a merchant account, having the following information ready:
Basic information like your business's name, founding date, type of business, address, and phone number.
Tax ID (EIN) number and your social security number.
Processing information (your monthly revenue and whether you do business in person, online, or both).
Your bank information, including your account number and routing number.
2-2. Consider using an aggregator.
Aggregators are similar to merchant banks, but are not financial institutions. They still can run merchant accounts and facilitate credit card transactions, though. For example, PayPal operates as an aggregator. It allows you to accept all major credit cards and charges a discount rate that varies based on your sales volume.
Aggregators sometimes offer business solutions for much smaller businesses that may not meet the revenue requirements of some of the larger merchant banks.
2-3. Find a payment processor.
If you don't meet the requirements for a merchant bank, another option is to enlist the help of a credit card processor. These companies help smaller or newer businesses accept credit cards by acting as the merchant account holder for a number of smaller businesses. Essentially, they act as a middle man between your business and the merchant bank and give you access to credit card sales.
Take care when looking into this type of arrangement, as using a processor may end up being more expensive than using an aggregator.
Payment processors should be used when your business is not large enough to meet the requirements for partnering directly with a merchant bank.
2-4. Set up mobile payments.
If you are a mobile business or a growing business that attends trade shows or similar events, it may be beneficial for you to find a processor that can help you accept credit cards on the go. These processors operate similarly to regular processors, but also usually provide a card reader that plugs into you phone or tablet. Look into several of these processors, and their related fee structures, to find one that fits your business.
Mobile payment processors are particularly useful for small or mobile businesses, like food trucks or pop-up shops.
They are also generally simple to use and can be set up very quickly.
Like other payment processors though, they will likely be more expensive than using an aggregator.
Be sure to look at the fee structures for these processors. There may be additional fees connected with the card scanner or flat per-transaction fees that can eat into your profit margins.
Some of the processors active in this market include Square, PayPal Here, Amazon Local Register, Intuit QuickBooks GoPayment, SecureNet Payments, and Payanywhere.
3. Working Out the Details
3-1. Calculate processing fees.
Fees from merchant banks are fairly straightforward and charge a percentage of each sale based on a "merchant discount" rate. However, processor fees can be more complicated, including fixed transaction fees, monthly fees, startup fees, variable discount rates, or address verification fees, depending on the processor. Look into these fees and what they mean for your business before choosing a processor.
You also want to make sure that your processor only charges a discount rate for sales. Otherwise, you will be charged twice if a customer returns an item: once when the item is sold and once when returned. In this case, you'd be charged twice and still not have made an actual sale.
3-2. Decide what cards to accept.
It's generally best to accept all major type of credit card (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express). However, sometimes certain card types can charge higher discount rate fees, making them impractical for small businesses. In these cases, you can always choose to accept only two or three of the card types now and choose to accept the others later if you feel that you are losing customers because of it.
3-3. Open another merchant account, if necessary.
In some situations, you may be required to open two separate merchant accounts. For example, if you plan to accept ACH payments (similar to an online check), you will need to open a separate merchant account to deal with these payments. Other situations may arise in which you need to open separate merchant accounts to accept different types of payments. Make a judgment call on whether or not the application process and additional fees are worth it before committing.
3-4. Transfer your storefront account online.
If you have a physical location and also do some business online, you can use the same merchant account for both operations. This can simplify your accounting and payment processes by consolidating your accounts. Talk to your merchant bank to arrange online payments and get help setting them up.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Requirements\\n1-1. Get a business license if you don't have one.\\nVisit the website for your state's Secretary of State and apply for a business license if you don't already have one. You'll need the license to apply for a merchant account and for several other steps down the line. You'll have to wait until you actually have the license before moving forward with your credit card merchant application.\\nGetting a business license may require a small fee, depending on your business type and state. See your Secretary of State's website for more information.\\n1-2. Open a business bank account.\\nEven if you own a sole proprietorship, you will need a dedicated business bank account to apply to be a credit card merchant. This account will be used for all of your credit card transactions. When you open the account, be sure to put in a small initial balance, as processing fees or other fees may be charged to the account before you receive any customer money. The amount of the required balance will depend on which payment processor you use.\\n1-3. Meet the data security requirements.\\nAll business accepting credit card payments, from large corporations to sole proprietorships, are required to adhere to the same data security standards. Collectively referred to as the Payment Card Industry (PCI) standards, they require specific levels of card verification and data encryption. Generally, this is handled by the payment processor, but it is up to you to make sure that they adhere to these rules.\\nOnline transactions are usually safeguarded by the security of your chosen selling platform and your payment processor.\\n1-4. Make sure your revenue levels are high enough.\\nMany credit card processors require that your business earn a certain amount of revenue each month to qualify for credit card merchant status. This requirement varies from very low, near zero, revenue requirements to upwards of $10,000 per month, depending on the processor. If you don't meet the threshold for a given processor, you might be rejected. However, with a multitude of processor options out there, you will probably not have trouble finding one to service your business.\\n2. Finding the Right Partners\\n2-1. Obtain a merchant account.\\nMerchant banks, also called acquirers, are commercial banks that facilitate merchants' acceptance of credit card payments. A merchant account (an account with a merchant bank) is required to receive credit card payments.. These merchant banks process payments using one of the major credit card networks (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover), which makes sure that payments go to the right issuer (the bank that provided the card to the customer). Go to the websites of the major credit card brands (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, or American Express) and look through their list of merchant banks. Contact them and ask about their rates so that you can compare how much their services will cost.\\nMerchant banks' fees are based on a \\\"merchant discount\\\" rate that is charged to you as a percentage of each purchase. Use this figure to compare the costs of different merchant banks.\\nWhen applying for a merchant account, having the following information ready:\\nBasic information like your business's name, founding date, type of business, address, and phone number.\\nTax ID (EIN) number and your social security number.\\nProcessing information (your monthly revenue and whether you do business in person, online, or both).\\nYour bank information, including your account number and routing number.\\n2-2. Consider using an aggregator.\\nAggregators are similar to merchant banks, but are not financial institutions. They still can run merchant accounts and facilitate credit card transactions, though. For example, PayPal operates as an aggregator. It allows you to accept all major credit cards and charges a discount rate that varies based on your sales volume.\\nAggregators sometimes offer business solutions for much smaller businesses that may not meet the revenue requirements of some of the larger merchant banks.\\n2-3. Find a payment processor.\\nIf you don't meet the requirements for a merchant bank, another option is to enlist the help of a credit card processor. These companies help smaller or newer businesses accept credit cards by acting as the merchant account holder for a number of smaller businesses. Essentially, they act as a middle man between your business and the merchant bank and give you access to credit card sales.\\nTake care when looking into this type of arrangement, as using a processor may end up being more expensive than using an aggregator.\\nPayment processors should be used when your business is not large enough to meet the requirements for partnering directly with a merchant bank.\\n2-4. Set up mobile payments.\\nIf you are a mobile business or a growing business that attends trade shows or similar events, it may be beneficial for you to find a processor that can help you accept credit cards on the go. These processors operate similarly to regular processors, but also usually provide a card reader that plugs into you phone or tablet. Look into several of these processors, and their related fee structures, to find one that fits your business.\\nMobile payment processors are particularly useful for small or mobile businesses, like food trucks or pop-up shops.\\nThey are also generally simple to use and can be set up very quickly.\\nLike other payment processors though, they will likely be more expensive than using an aggregator.\\nBe sure to look at the fee structures for these processors. There may be additional fees connected with the card scanner or flat per-transaction fees that can eat into your profit margins.\\nSome of the processors active in this market include Square, PayPal Here, Amazon Local Register, Intuit QuickBooks GoPayment, SecureNet Payments, and Payanywhere.\\n3. Working Out the Details\\n3-1. Calculate processing fees.\\nFees from merchant banks are fairly straightforward and charge a percentage of each sale based on a \\\"merchant discount\\\" rate. However, processor fees can be more complicated, including fixed transaction fees, monthly fees, startup fees, variable discount rates, or address verification fees, depending on the processor. Look into these fees and what they mean for your business before choosing a processor.\\nYou also want to make sure that your processor only charges a discount rate for sales. Otherwise, you will be charged twice if a customer returns an item: once when the item is sold and once when returned. In this case, you'd be charged twice and still not have made an actual sale.\\n3-2. Decide what cards to accept.\\nIt's generally best to accept all major type of credit card (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express). However, sometimes certain card types can charge higher discount rate fees, making them impractical for small businesses. In these cases, you can always choose to accept only two or three of the card types now and choose to accept the others later if you feel that you are losing customers because of it.\\n3-3. Open another merchant account, if necessary.\\nIn some situations, you may be required to open two separate merchant accounts. For example, if you plan to accept ACH payments (similar to an online check), you will need to open a separate merchant account to deal with these payments. Other situations may arise in which you need to open separate merchant accounts to accept different types of payments. Make a judgment call on whether or not the application process and additional fees are worth it before committing.\\n3-4. Transfer your storefront account online.\\nIf you have a physical location and also do some business online, you can use the same merchant account for both operations. This can simplify your accounting and payment processes by consolidating your accounts. Talk to your merchant bank to arrange online payments and get help setting them up.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Running a business can be challenge, no matter what services or products you are offering. To ensure flexibility in closing every possible deal you will want to accept credit cards by becoming a credit card merchant. You want to avoid circumstances in which a customer or client wants to buy your product and the only barrier to your getting paid is that you do not accept credit cards. As a credit card merchant this would not be an issue. You would only see the many benefits to your bottom line that you gain by accepting plastic.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a business license if you don't have one.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the website for your state's Secretary of State and apply for a business license if you don't already have one. You'll need the license to apply for a merchant account and for several other steps down the line. You'll have to wait until you actually have the license before moving forward with your credit card merchant application.\\nGetting a business license may require a small fee, depending on your business type and state. See your Secretary of State's website for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open a business bank account.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you own a sole proprietorship, you will need a dedicated business bank account to apply to be a credit card merchant. This account will be used for all of your credit card transactions. When you open the account, be sure to put in a small initial balance, as processing fees or other fees may be charged to the account before you receive any customer money. The amount of the required balance will depend on which payment processor you use.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet the data security requirements.\", \"描述\": \"All business accepting credit card payments, from large corporations to sole proprietorships, are required to adhere to the same data security standards. Collectively referred to as the Payment Card Industry (PCI) standards, they require specific levels of card verification and data encryption. Generally, this is handled by the payment processor, but it is up to you to make sure that they adhere to these rules.\\nOnline transactions are usually safeguarded by the security of your chosen selling platform and your payment processor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure your revenue levels are high enough.\", \"描述\": \"Many credit card processors require that your business earn a certain amount of revenue each month to qualify for credit card merchant status. This requirement varies from very low, near zero, revenue requirements to upwards of $10,000 per month, depending on the processor. If you don't meet the threshold for a given processor, you might be rejected. However, with a multitude of processor options out there, you will probably not have trouble finding one to service your business.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding the Right Partners\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a merchant account.\", \"描述\": \"Merchant banks, also called acquirers, are commercial banks that facilitate merchants' acceptance of credit card payments. A merchant account (an account with a merchant bank) is required to receive credit card payments.. These merchant banks process payments using one of the major credit card networks (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover), which makes sure that payments go to the right issuer (the bank that provided the card to the customer). Go to the websites of the major credit card brands (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, or American Express) and look through their list of merchant banks. Contact them and ask about their rates so that you can compare how much their services will cost.\\nMerchant banks' fees are based on a \\\"merchant discount\\\" rate that is charged to you as a percentage of each purchase. Use this figure to compare the costs of different merchant banks.\\nWhen applying for a merchant account, having the following information ready:\\nBasic information like your business's name, founding date, type of business, address, and phone number.\\nTax ID (EIN) number and your social security number.\\nProcessing information (your monthly revenue and whether you do business in person, online, or both).\\nYour bank information, including your account number and routing number.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider using an aggregator.\", \"描述\": \"Aggregators are similar to merchant banks, but are not financial institutions. They still can run merchant accounts and facilitate credit card transactions, though. For example, PayPal operates as an aggregator. It allows you to accept all major credit cards and charges a discount rate that varies based on your sales volume.\\nAggregators sometimes offer business solutions for much smaller businesses that may not meet the revenue requirements of some of the larger merchant banks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a payment processor.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't meet the requirements for a merchant bank, another option is to enlist the help of a credit card processor. These companies help smaller or newer businesses accept credit cards by acting as the merchant account holder for a number of smaller businesses. Essentially, they act as a middle man between your business and the merchant bank and give you access to credit card sales.\\nTake care when looking into this type of arrangement, as using a processor may end up being more expensive than using an aggregator.\\nPayment processors should be used when your business is not large enough to meet the requirements for partnering directly with a merchant bank.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set up mobile payments.\", \"描述\": \"If you are a mobile business or a growing business that attends trade shows or similar events, it may be beneficial for you to find a processor that can help you accept credit cards on the go. These processors operate similarly to regular processors, but also usually provide a card reader that plugs into you phone or tablet. Look into several of these processors, and their related fee structures, to find one that fits your business.\\nMobile payment processors are particularly useful for small or mobile businesses, like food trucks or pop-up shops.\\nThey are also generally simple to use and can be set up very quickly.\\nLike other payment processors though, they will likely be more expensive than using an aggregator.\\nBe sure to look at the fee structures for these processors. There may be additional fees connected with the card scanner or flat per-transaction fees that can eat into your profit margins.\\nSome of the processors active in this market include Square, PayPal Here, Amazon Local Register, Intuit QuickBooks GoPayment, SecureNet Payments, and Payanywhere.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Working Out the Details\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Calculate processing fees.\", \"描述\": \"Fees from merchant banks are fairly straightforward and charge a percentage of each sale based on a \\\"merchant discount\\\" rate. However, processor fees can be more complicated, including fixed transaction fees, monthly fees, startup fees, variable discount rates, or address verification fees, depending on the processor. Look into these fees and what they mean for your business before choosing a processor.\\nYou also want to make sure that your processor only charges a discount rate for sales. Otherwise, you will be charged twice if a customer returns an item: once when the item is sold and once when returned. In this case, you'd be charged twice and still not have made an actual sale.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide what cards to accept.\", \"描述\": \"It's generally best to accept all major type of credit card (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express). However, sometimes certain card types can charge higher discount rate fees, making them impractical for small businesses. In these cases, you can always choose to accept only two or three of the card types now and choose to accept the others later if you feel that you are losing customers because of it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Open another merchant account, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"In some situations, you may be required to open two separate merchant accounts. For example, if you plan to accept ACH payments (similar to an online check), you will need to open a separate merchant account to deal with these payments. Other situations may arise in which you need to open separate merchant accounts to accept different types of payments. Make a judgment call on whether or not the application process and additional fees are worth it before committing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Transfer your storefront account online.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a physical location and also do some business online, you can use the same merchant account for both operations. This can simplify your accounting and payment processes by consolidating your accounts. Talk to your merchant bank to arrange online payments and get help setting them up.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,305 |
How to Become a Credit Repair Specialist
|
1. Education and Certification
1-1. Choose an appropriate major.
While there aren't necessarily any specific education requirements for a credit repair specialist, most people working in the industry have at least a bachelor's degree in a finance-related discipline.
If you're still in school, or thinking about going back to get a degree, focus on courses in personal finance and the consumer credit industry. Take courses on bankruptcy, taxes, and other legal issues that may impact clients with poor credit.
Learn how to negotiate effectively on behalf of your clients, and how to communicate clearly and effectively in writing.
1-2. Get additional credentials if desired.
If you're interested in further education, becoming a certified public accountant (CPA) or getting a law degree can advance your career. These credentials also allow you to offer a wider range of services to your clients.
Recognize the investment involved and determine whether it's worth it. It's often better to start working after you get your bachelor's degree. If you decide after working that you want additional credentials, you can look into part-time programs.
1-3. Become certified.
While certification typically is voluntary, going through a certification program can improve your reputation as well as educate you on issues specific to the consumer credit industry.
Since certification is completely voluntary, there are a number of different companies that offer licensing or certification programs. You can review these programs online to choose the one that is best for you.
You might also look at which programs are more popular with established credit repair specialists in your area. If there's one certification more popular than others, it will be better recognized by potential clients.
Expect to spend time studying for an exam and to pay a fee, typically a few hundred dollars or less, for certification.
1-4. Use continuing education to your advantage.
Many certification programs require you to take a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to maintain your license. These courses keep you up to date on the latest issues and trends in the personal finance sector.
Look for classes or programs that directly impact the types of clients you have or want to attract.
Brainstorm a list of other legal and financial problems typically faced by your clients, and keep up to date there as well.
2. Joining an Established Credit Repair Agency
2-1. Review applicable laws.
Credit repair is a highly regulated business. As a credit repair specialist, you must understand what laws apply to your business even if you're working as an employee for someone else.
For example, if you're based in the United States, there are federal and state laws that regulate the credit repair industry. These laws dictate what you can promise your potential clients and how you can advertise your services.
If you run across a credit repair agency that is operating outside the bounds of the law, don't work for them. Being associated with such a firm could have a serious negative impact on your reputation, and could potentially get you into legal trouble.
2-2. Search for local agencies.
Typically legitimate credit counseling or credit repair agencies must be licensed by the government. Your government consumer finance department typically has a list of legitimate agencies in your area.
Search online for these agencies and check their websites to see if they're hiring. You can also simply call or drop by in person to inquire.
If you contact an agency, be professional. Tell them immediately that you are looking for a job so they know you are not a potential client.
2-3. Check into the agency's background.
Before you interview with any credit counseling or credit repair agency, review their background and reputation as though you were a potential client. Find out if there have been any complaints against the agency, and what former clients are saying about the agency's services.
If the agency has been reported to government authorities, or if it has a significant number of disgruntled clients, that may be a warning sign that the agency isn't entirely above-board.
Look carefully at the agency's website and other marketing materials and pay attention to what they're promising or guaranteeing for their clients. Many complaints may be related to unreasonable expectations.
2-4. Consider buying a franchise.
Many established credit repair agencies have franchise opportunities available. These may require a larger initial investment than if you started a business on your own.
A franchise is something of a hybrid between starting your own independent business outright and joining another agency as a paid employee. On the one hand, you'll be your own boss. On the other, you'll be selling services with an established brand and reputation.
As with joining an established agency as an employee, look carefully into the reputation of any franchise opportunities. The primary thing a franchise offers you as a credit repair specialist is an established reputation – make sure that reputation is something that will actually benefit you.
3. Starting a Credit Repair Business
3-1. Consult practicing credit repair specialists.
An established and reputable credit repair specialist can help you get your business started. Someone local to you will have an understanding of the rules and regulations that will apply to your business.
Research the specialist's background just as if you were thinking about hiring them yourself. Make sure anyone you interview has a good reputation in the business.
Especially when you're just getting started, you may want to consider partnering up with an established credit repair specialist so you can learn the ropes.
3-2. Identify your niche.
There are a lot of credit repair businesses out there. If you want to start your own, you'll get a lot further if you target specific types of consumers. For these consumers, you bring a more in-depth understanding of their financial issues.
Rely on your own experiences to help find your niche. For example, if you recently had to repair your own credit following a divorce, you may want to focus on clients who are recently divorced. Your experience gives you more empathy and understanding for these clients and the issues they face.
3-3. Create a business plan.
Although you can start your own credit repair business with little to no start-up funding, a formal business plan keeps you organized. Use your business plan to set realistic goals for your business, and lay out the steps to achieving those goals.
As part of your business plan, you'll also have the opportunity to do a little market research so you can determine how much you can charge for your services and what specific services you should offer. Start small and don't take on too much until your business is more established.
Pay attention to any start-up costs associated with your business, and determine how to get the funding you'll need. Most independent credit repair businesses don't require a lot of start-up investment at first, but there may be licensing or registration fees.
3-4. Check applicable laws.
In some locations, you may be required to register or apply for a license with local, state, or national governments. If you run your own credit repair business, it's up to you to get any licenses you need.
If you're located in the United States, you typically can find out what licenses you need by looking on the website of the attorney general's office for your state.
Some local governments also may require you to be licensed as a home business, particularly if you plan to meet with your clients at home.
You also need to get required tax identification numbers so you can accurately report the income you earn from your business to state and federal governments.
3-5. Get any required insurance or bonding.
The government may require liability insurance or other business insurance to protect both you and your clients from any mistakes you might make that would negatively impact their credit.
Even if you aren't required by law to purchase liability insurance, you still should consider it a necessity. Premiums typically aren't very high, and the coverage can save you a lot of money if you happen to get sued.
The way you organize your credit repair business also affects your personal liability. By default, your business will be considered a sole proprietorship, which means that any disgruntled clients can potentially sue you personally. Consider organizing as an LLC to limit your personal liability and keep your business operations separate from your personal finances.
3-6. Build a list of contacts at credit reporting bureaus.
As a credit repair specialist, you can expect to contact the credit reporting bureaus numerous times on behalf of your clients. Try to work with the same people regularly to establish a collegial working relationship with them.
Ask customer service representatives if you can contact them directly when you have inquiries on behalf of a client.
Send a short thank you note or email when someone is especially helpful. For example, you might write "Thank you for your assistance with correcting the errors on Sally Sunshine's credit report. With your help she was able to refinance her house. I look forward to working with you again in the future."
3-7. Subscribe to business software and services.
There are a lot of companies out there marketing apps and subscription-based web services to independent credit repair specialists. Take some time to evaluate these products so you can choose the ones that will actually benefit you and your clients.
Many products offer a free initial trial period. Take advantage of these trials so you can decide which products work best for your business. Mark the dates the trials expire and set reminders, since many of them automatically bill a subscription when the trial is over.
Even if you don't get specific credit repair software, you'll still need basic business accounting software to keep your business's finances organized. This also helps you ensure that you're tracking and claiming all possible business deductions on your taxes.
3-8. Get your first clients.
To get your credit repair business off the ground, you need references from clients you've helped. Credit and finances are a personal matter, and people aren't likely to hire you without proof that you can be trusted.
A blog can be a good way to get started and promote yourself online. If you offer financial advice, you can demonstrate your knowledge and expertise. Include a note at the end of each blog post advertising your services.
You can use social media platforms to reach target consumers and potential clients, but focus on one or two platforms rather than trying to have a presence on all of them. Make sure you're able to keep up with your accounts and contribute to them in a consistent way.
You also may be able to sign up with referral services that will send clients your way. Most of these services charge a fee, so research them carefully before signing up so you know exactly what you're paying for.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Education and Certification\\n1-1. Choose an appropriate major.\\nWhile there aren't necessarily any specific education requirements for a credit repair specialist, most people working in the industry have at least a bachelor's degree in a finance-related discipline.\\nIf you're still in school, or thinking about going back to get a degree, focus on courses in personal finance and the consumer credit industry. Take courses on bankruptcy, taxes, and other legal issues that may impact clients with poor credit.\\nLearn how to negotiate effectively on behalf of your clients, and how to communicate clearly and effectively in writing.\\n1-2. Get additional credentials if desired.\\nIf you're interested in further education, becoming a certified public accountant (CPA) or getting a law degree can advance your career. These credentials also allow you to offer a wider range of services to your clients.\\nRecognize the investment involved and determine whether it's worth it. It's often better to start working after you get your bachelor's degree. If you decide after working that you want additional credentials, you can look into part-time programs.\\n1-3. Become certified.\\nWhile certification typically is voluntary, going through a certification program can improve your reputation as well as educate you on issues specific to the consumer credit industry.\\nSince certification is completely voluntary, there are a number of different companies that offer licensing or certification programs. You can review these programs online to choose the one that is best for you.\\nYou might also look at which programs are more popular with established credit repair specialists in your area. If there's one certification more popular than others, it will be better recognized by potential clients.\\nExpect to spend time studying for an exam and to pay a fee, typically a few hundred dollars or less, for certification.\\n1-4. Use continuing education to your advantage.\\nMany certification programs require you to take a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to maintain your license. These courses keep you up to date on the latest issues and trends in the personal finance sector.\\nLook for classes or programs that directly impact the types of clients you have or want to attract.\\nBrainstorm a list of other legal and financial problems typically faced by your clients, and keep up to date there as well.\\n2. Joining an Established Credit Repair Agency\\n2-1. Review applicable laws.\\nCredit repair is a highly regulated business. As a credit repair specialist, you must understand what laws apply to your business even if you're working as an employee for someone else.\\nFor example, if you're based in the United States, there are federal and state laws that regulate the credit repair industry. These laws dictate what you can promise your potential clients and how you can advertise your services.\\nIf you run across a credit repair agency that is operating outside the bounds of the law, don't work for them. Being associated with such a firm could have a serious negative impact on your reputation, and could potentially get you into legal trouble.\\n2-2. Search for local agencies.\\nTypically legitimate credit counseling or credit repair agencies must be licensed by the government. Your government consumer finance department typically has a list of legitimate agencies in your area.\\nSearch online for these agencies and check their websites to see if they're hiring. You can also simply call or drop by in person to inquire.\\nIf you contact an agency, be professional. Tell them immediately that you are looking for a job so they know you are not a potential client.\\n2-3. Check into the agency's background.\\nBefore you interview with any credit counseling or credit repair agency, review their background and reputation as though you were a potential client. Find out if there have been any complaints against the agency, and what former clients are saying about the agency's services.\\nIf the agency has been reported to government authorities, or if it has a significant number of disgruntled clients, that may be a warning sign that the agency isn't entirely above-board.\\nLook carefully at the agency's website and other marketing materials and pay attention to what they're promising or guaranteeing for their clients. Many complaints may be related to unreasonable expectations.\\n2-4. Consider buying a franchise.\\nMany established credit repair agencies have franchise opportunities available. These may require a larger initial investment than if you started a business on your own.\\nA franchise is something of a hybrid between starting your own independent business outright and joining another agency as a paid employee. On the one hand, you'll be your own boss. On the other, you'll be selling services with an established brand and reputation.\\nAs with joining an established agency as an employee, look carefully into the reputation of any franchise opportunities. The primary thing a franchise offers you as a credit repair specialist is an established reputation – make sure that reputation is something that will actually benefit you.\\n3. Starting a Credit Repair Business\\n3-1. Consult practicing credit repair specialists.\\nAn established and reputable credit repair specialist can help you get your business started. Someone local to you will have an understanding of the rules and regulations that will apply to your business.\\nResearch the specialist's background just as if you were thinking about hiring them yourself. Make sure anyone you interview has a good reputation in the business.\\nEspecially when you're just getting started, you may want to consider partnering up with an established credit repair specialist so you can learn the ropes.\\n3-2. Identify your niche.\\nThere are a lot of credit repair businesses out there. If you want to start your own, you'll get a lot further if you target specific types of consumers. For these consumers, you bring a more in-depth understanding of their financial issues.\\nRely on your own experiences to help find your niche. For example, if you recently had to repair your own credit following a divorce, you may want to focus on clients who are recently divorced. Your experience gives you more empathy and understanding for these clients and the issues they face.\\n3-3. Create a business plan.\\nAlthough you can start your own credit repair business with little to no start-up funding, a formal business plan keeps you organized. Use your business plan to set realistic goals for your business, and lay out the steps to achieving those goals.\\nAs part of your business plan, you'll also have the opportunity to do a little market research so you can determine how much you can charge for your services and what specific services you should offer. Start small and don't take on too much until your business is more established.\\nPay attention to any start-up costs associated with your business, and determine how to get the funding you'll need. Most independent credit repair businesses don't require a lot of start-up investment at first, but there may be licensing or registration fees.\\n3-4. Check applicable laws.\\nIn some locations, you may be required to register or apply for a license with local, state, or national governments. If you run your own credit repair business, it's up to you to get any licenses you need.\\nIf you're located in the United States, you typically can find out what licenses you need by looking on the website of the attorney general's office for your state.\\nSome local governments also may require you to be licensed as a home business, particularly if you plan to meet with your clients at home.\\nYou also need to get required tax identification numbers so you can accurately report the income you earn from your business to state and federal governments.\\n3-5. Get any required insurance or bonding.\\nThe government may require liability insurance or other business insurance to protect both you and your clients from any mistakes you might make that would negatively impact their credit.\\nEven if you aren't required by law to purchase liability insurance, you still should consider it a necessity. Premiums typically aren't very high, and the coverage can save you a lot of money if you happen to get sued.\\nThe way you organize your credit repair business also affects your personal liability. By default, your business will be considered a sole proprietorship, which means that any disgruntled clients can potentially sue you personally. Consider organizing as an LLC to limit your personal liability and keep your business operations separate from your personal finances.\\n3-6. Build a list of contacts at credit reporting bureaus.\\nAs a credit repair specialist, you can expect to contact the credit reporting bureaus numerous times on behalf of your clients. Try to work with the same people regularly to establish a collegial working relationship with them.\\nAsk customer service representatives if you can contact them directly when you have inquiries on behalf of a client.\\nSend a short thank you note or email when someone is especially helpful. For example, you might write \\\"Thank you for your assistance with correcting the errors on Sally Sunshine's credit report. With your help she was able to refinance her house. I look forward to working with you again in the future.\\\"\\n3-7. Subscribe to business software and services.\\nThere are a lot of companies out there marketing apps and subscription-based web services to independent credit repair specialists. Take some time to evaluate these products so you can choose the ones that will actually benefit you and your clients.\\nMany products offer a free initial trial period. Take advantage of these trials so you can decide which products work best for your business. Mark the dates the trials expire and set reminders, since many of them automatically bill a subscription when the trial is over.\\nEven if you don't get specific credit repair software, you'll still need basic business accounting software to keep your business's finances organized. This also helps you ensure that you're tracking and claiming all possible business deductions on your taxes.\\n3-8. Get your first clients.\\nTo get your credit repair business off the ground, you need references from clients you've helped. Credit and finances are a personal matter, and people aren't likely to hire you without proof that you can be trusted.\\nA blog can be a good way to get started and promote yourself online. If you offer financial advice, you can demonstrate your knowledge and expertise. Include a note at the end of each blog post advertising your services.\\nYou can use social media platforms to reach target consumers and potential clients, but focus on one or two platforms rather than trying to have a presence on all of them. Make sure you're able to keep up with your accounts and contribute to them in a consistent way.\\nYou also may be able to sign up with referral services that will send clients your way. Most of these services charge a fee, so research them carefully before signing up so you know exactly what you're paying for.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have good credit and are responsible with your personal finances, you may be interested in sharing your expertise with others as a credit repair specialist. While there aren't specific requirements to be a credit repair specialist, there are certifications you can get that will make you more trustworthy to potential clients. Once you have the appropriate education and training, you can look for a position with an established agency or strike out on your own as an independent credit repair specialist.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Education and Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose an appropriate major.\", \"描述\": \"While there aren't necessarily any specific education requirements for a credit repair specialist, most people working in the industry have at least a bachelor's degree in a finance-related discipline.\\nIf you're still in school, or thinking about going back to get a degree, focus on courses in personal finance and the consumer credit industry. Take courses on bankruptcy, taxes, and other legal issues that may impact clients with poor credit.\\nLearn how to negotiate effectively on behalf of your clients, and how to communicate clearly and effectively in writing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get additional credentials if desired.\", \"描述\": \"If you're interested in further education, becoming a certified public accountant (CPA) or getting a law degree can advance your career. These credentials also allow you to offer a wider range of services to your clients.\\nRecognize the investment involved and determine whether it's worth it. It's often better to start working after you get your bachelor's degree. If you decide after working that you want additional credentials, you can look into part-time programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become certified.\", \"描述\": \"While certification typically is voluntary, going through a certification program can improve your reputation as well as educate you on issues specific to the consumer credit industry.\\nSince certification is completely voluntary, there are a number of different companies that offer licensing or certification programs. You can review these programs online to choose the one that is best for you.\\nYou might also look at which programs are more popular with established credit repair specialists in your area. If there's one certification more popular than others, it will be better recognized by potential clients.\\nExpect to spend time studying for an exam and to pay a fee, typically a few hundred dollars or less, for certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use continuing education to your advantage.\", \"描述\": \"Many certification programs require you to take a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to maintain your license. These courses keep you up to date on the latest issues and trends in the personal finance sector.\\nLook for classes or programs that directly impact the types of clients you have or want to attract.\\nBrainstorm a list of other legal and financial problems typically faced by your clients, and keep up to date there as well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Joining an Established Credit Repair Agency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Review applicable laws.\", \"描述\": \"Credit repair is a highly regulated business. As a credit repair specialist, you must understand what laws apply to your business even if you're working as an employee for someone else.\\nFor example, if you're based in the United States, there are federal and state laws that regulate the credit repair industry. These laws dictate what you can promise your potential clients and how you can advertise your services.\\nIf you run across a credit repair agency that is operating outside the bounds of the law, don't work for them. Being associated with such a firm could have a serious negative impact on your reputation, and could potentially get you into legal trouble.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search for local agencies.\", \"描述\": \"Typically legitimate credit counseling or credit repair agencies must be licensed by the government. Your government consumer finance department typically has a list of legitimate agencies in your area.\\nSearch online for these agencies and check their websites to see if they're hiring. You can also simply call or drop by in person to inquire.\\nIf you contact an agency, be professional. Tell them immediately that you are looking for a job so they know you are not a potential client.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check into the agency's background.\", \"描述\": \"Before you interview with any credit counseling or credit repair agency, review their background and reputation as though you were a potential client. Find out if there have been any complaints against the agency, and what former clients are saying about the agency's services.\\nIf the agency has been reported to government authorities, or if it has a significant number of disgruntled clients, that may be a warning sign that the agency isn't entirely above-board.\\nLook carefully at the agency's website and other marketing materials and pay attention to what they're promising or guaranteeing for their clients. Many complaints may be related to unreasonable expectations.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider buying a franchise.\", \"描述\": \"Many established credit repair agencies have franchise opportunities available. These may require a larger initial investment than if you started a business on your own.\\nA franchise is something of a hybrid between starting your own independent business outright and joining another agency as a paid employee. On the one hand, you'll be your own boss. On the other, you'll be selling services with an established brand and reputation.\\nAs with joining an established agency as an employee, look carefully into the reputation of any franchise opportunities. The primary thing a franchise offers you as a credit repair specialist is an established reputation – make sure that reputation is something that will actually benefit you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting a Credit Repair Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consult practicing credit repair specialists.\", \"描述\": \"An established and reputable credit repair specialist can help you get your business started. Someone local to you will have an understanding of the rules and regulations that will apply to your business.\\nResearch the specialist's background just as if you were thinking about hiring them yourself. Make sure anyone you interview has a good reputation in the business.\\nEspecially when you're just getting started, you may want to consider partnering up with an established credit repair specialist so you can learn the ropes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify your niche.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of credit repair businesses out there. If you want to start your own, you'll get a lot further if you target specific types of consumers. For these consumers, you bring a more in-depth understanding of their financial issues.\\nRely on your own experiences to help find your niche. For example, if you recently had to repair your own credit following a divorce, you may want to focus on clients who are recently divorced. Your experience gives you more empathy and understanding for these clients and the issues they face.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create a business plan.\", \"描述\": \"Although you can start your own credit repair business with little to no start-up funding, a formal business plan keeps you organized. Use your business plan to set realistic goals for your business, and lay out the steps to achieving those goals.\\nAs part of your business plan, you'll also have the opportunity to do a little market research so you can determine how much you can charge for your services and what specific services you should offer. Start small and don't take on too much until your business is more established.\\nPay attention to any start-up costs associated with your business, and determine how to get the funding you'll need. Most independent credit repair businesses don't require a lot of start-up investment at first, but there may be licensing or registration fees.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check applicable laws.\", \"描述\": \"In some locations, you may be required to register or apply for a license with local, state, or national governments. If you run your own credit repair business, it's up to you to get any licenses you need.\\nIf you're located in the United States, you typically can find out what licenses you need by looking on the website of the attorney general's office for your state.\\nSome local governments also may require you to be licensed as a home business, particularly if you plan to meet with your clients at home.\\nYou also need to get required tax identification numbers so you can accurately report the income you earn from your business to state and federal governments.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get any required insurance or bonding.\", \"描述\": \"The government may require liability insurance or other business insurance to protect both you and your clients from any mistakes you might make that would negatively impact their credit.\\nEven if you aren't required by law to purchase liability insurance, you still should consider it a necessity. Premiums typically aren't very high, and the coverage can save you a lot of money if you happen to get sued.\\nThe way you organize your credit repair business also affects your personal liability. By default, your business will be considered a sole proprietorship, which means that any disgruntled clients can potentially sue you personally. Consider organizing as an LLC to limit your personal liability and keep your business operations separate from your personal finances.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Build a list of contacts at credit reporting bureaus.\", \"描述\": \"As a credit repair specialist, you can expect to contact the credit reporting bureaus numerous times on behalf of your clients. Try to work with the same people regularly to establish a collegial working relationship with them.\\nAsk customer service representatives if you can contact them directly when you have inquiries on behalf of a client.\\nSend a short thank you note or email when someone is especially helpful. For example, you might write \\\"Thank you for your assistance with correcting the errors on Sally Sunshine's credit report. With your help she was able to refinance her house. I look forward to working with you again in the future.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Subscribe to business software and services.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of companies out there marketing apps and subscription-based web services to independent credit repair specialists. Take some time to evaluate these products so you can choose the ones that will actually benefit you and your clients.\\nMany products offer a free initial trial period. Take advantage of these trials so you can decide which products work best for your business. Mark the dates the trials expire and set reminders, since many of them automatically bill a subscription when the trial is over.\\nEven if you don't get specific credit repair software, you'll still need basic business accounting software to keep your business's finances organized. This also helps you ensure that you're tracking and claiming all possible business deductions on your taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Get your first clients.\", \"描述\": \"To get your credit repair business off the ground, you need references from clients you've helped. Credit and finances are a personal matter, and people aren't likely to hire you without proof that you can be trusted.\\nA blog can be a good way to get started and promote yourself online. If you offer financial advice, you can demonstrate your knowledge and expertise. Include a note at the end of each blog post advertising your services.\\nYou can use social media platforms to reach target consumers and potential clients, but focus on one or two platforms rather than trying to have a presence on all of them. Make sure you're able to keep up with your accounts and contribute to them in a consistent way.\\nYou also may be able to sign up with referral services that will send clients your way. Most of these services charge a fee, so research them carefully before signing up so you know exactly what you're paying for.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,306 |
How to Become a Cricket Player
|
1. Playing Cricket Recreationally
1-1. Learn to play cricket.
If you don’t already know how to play, learn the basics before you join a team or play competitively. If you have friends that play regularly, ask them to explain the rules to you. Alternatively, watch professional games online or on TV to become familiar with the rules of cricket. Some alternative methods include:
Watching informative videos online
Getting a hands-on lesson by playing with a group of friends
1-2. Gather your clothing and safety gear.
First, purchase well-fitting cleats that will help you run faster. Next, purchase appropriate clothing. If you join a more serious team later, you may need to purchase a uniform. In the meantime, wear a polo T-shirt and long white trousers. Depending on your playing position, you may also need to purchase safety gear, including:
Helmet
Pads
Gloves
Chest guard
Abdominal guard
Thigh guards
Arm guards
Shin guards
1-3. Purchase cricket equipment.
Many teams and clubs provide cricket equipment for you. However, if you play with friends recreationally or start a team, you will need to purchase your own gear. You will need:
6 stumps or long white poles
4 bails that will rest on the poles
2 cricket bats
1 red cricket ball
1-4. Join an amateur cricketing club or play with friends.
The easiest way to play cricket recreationally is to join a local cricket team hosted by your school or local community center. These teams will have equipment, playing fields, and certified referees. Alternatively, host your own cricket games with some friends to become a cricket player. However, you may have to bend the rules to accommodate your situation. For example:
If you don’t have enough players to populate 2 teams, you may have to play a variety of positions throughout the game.
If you don’t have the funds for cricket equipment, you may have to do without specialized safety gear. If this is the case, play with a soft ball to prevent injury.
It may be difficult to find referees, especially if none of your friends volunteer for the position.
2. Improving Your Game
2-1. Practice often.
The more you practice, the better you’ll get. The average professional cricket player only has 5 weeks off per year. That means that they’re training hard during the other 47 weeks of the year. If you want to be competitive, you have to train whenever you can. For example:
Spend your weekends playing cricket with your team or with friends.
Instead of watching TV when you get home from work, go for a run outside.
Throw a ball around with your coworkers during your lunch break.
Hit as many cricket balls as possible.
2-2. Get a coach.
Utilizing a coach is expensive and time consuming. However, a coach will be able to help you improve faster than you ever could on your own. The more time you spend one-on-one with a coach, the better your cricket game will be. To find a coach:
Ask your friends if they know any good coaches.
Do an online search for trainers in your area.
Ask around at a cricket event.
Look for postings at your local cricket club.
2-3. Watch the professionals play.
Watch pro cricket games whenever you get the chance, whether it’s in person, on TV, or online. While you watch, examine the different techniques that your favorite players use. Do your best to absorb as much information as you can. Ask yourself:
How do they react under pressure?
How to they interact with their teammates?
What techniques set them apart from their teammates?
How might you reenact those techniques?
2-4. Talk to experienced players.
Make an effort to become friends with the most experienced members of your club or team. Ask them for advice on improving your cricket game. If you go see a cricket game, stick around after the match ends and try to meet the players. Ask the players if they have any tips for a budding cricket enthusiast.
If an experienced player gives you advice, follow it. There’s no point in asking for advice if you’re not going to take it.
Don’t let your feelings get hurt. If an experienced player gives you harsh criticism, see it as an opportunity for improvement.
3. Playing for a University
3-1. Make a list of universities to apply to.
Do a search online or talk to your school’s guidance counselor to decide which universities give you the best opportunity to play cricket. Additionally, look at the variety of academic programs offered by each school, the housing options, and the financial aid available. These criteria will help you narrow your choices down into a short list of 4 to 5 schools.
There are 6 university cricket academies and 7 educational institutions throughout Wales and England that are part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University (MCCU) scheme. These schools offer the chance to further your academic career while playing cricket under top-level coaches.
3-2. Make sure you meet all the qualifications.
If you’re looking at schools far enough in advance, you can work hard to meet qualifications that you may not meet otherwise. For example, if the schools you like require a high grade point average, work hard in all of your classes to raise your grades. For a list of applicant qualifications, look on the university website or talk to an admission counselor. Some other examples of qualifications include:
Being involved in extracurricular activities at school
Attending any university events to meet professors and show interest
Doing a lot of community service
3-3. Talk to an admissions counselor.
Before you apply anywhere, talk to an admissions counselor from each university. Explain your desire to play on the cricket team and ask them if they have any advice for you. Follow any advice they give you as best you can. Other great information to ask for includes:
Information about the tryout process for the cricket team
Whether or not the cricket coach would be willing to give you application advice
How competitive the cricket tryouts are
3-4. Apply to the universities.
Apply to each university on your list to give you the best chance of attending one. Each university have different application processes and deadlines. Therefore, visit the university website or talk to an admissions counselor for information on how to apply. Common application components include:
A cover letter
An essay describing your reasons for applying
A transcript from your previous school
3-5. Try out for the cricket team.
Once you’re admitted into a university, try to get onto the cricket team. Find out when tryouts are being held and attend them. Additionally, talk to the coach about playing on the team. They will be able to give you good advice about playing on the team and will remember you when you attend tryouts.
Sometimes tryouts are held before the school year begins. Find out the dates and times of the cricket team tryouts from an admissions counselor or the cricket coach.
3-6. Be persistent.
If you don’t make the cricket team, try again next year. In the meantime, practice cricket as often as you can to improve your game. Additionally, work hard in all of your classes to make good grades and focus on finding subjects that you enjoy. Even if you don’t make it onto the cricket team, you’ll end up with a degree from a great university!
4. Becoming a Professional Player
4-1. Play for a club.
In order to become a professional player, you must have experience playing for a cricket club. If you’re not currently a member of a club, find a local club to join to gain experience. Once you’re a member, you can be nominated for trials into state borough teams, minor county teams, then county teams.
4-2. Find a way to stand out.
A valuable player is good in many different roles. However, if you want to get noticed, you need to specialize your training to become noteworthy. To do so, base the core of your training around the repeated movements your position requires. For example:
If you’re a bowler, practice bowling the ball.
If you’re a wicket keeper, practice rising from a crouch quickly and catching the ball.
If you’re a batsman, practice hitting the ball.
4-3. Join a highly competitive team.
This can mean a school team, a semi-professional team, an inter-collegiate team, or a regional team. A competitive team participates in tournaments within their region. These teams will give you important training and help you get noticed by recruiters.
You may have to try out for a spot on these teams. If so, practice hard and don’t give up! Try out as many times as you’re allowed.
Always show that you’re a good team player. Otherwise, recruiters may not want you on their team, even if you’re very talented.
4-4. Look for open tryouts.
Once you’ve become competitive on a semi-professional level, start looking for open tryouts for your favorite professional teams. Make friends with recruiters and other serious cricket players to be the first to hear about these tryouts. Otherwise, search for open tryouts online or look on your favorite team’s website.
Most open tryouts are held before the start of a new season.
There will be many, many people at an open tryout. Do your best to stand apart from the crowd by being a team player and performing well.
Tips
Be honest and hardworking. To achieve a goal, honesty and hardwork is necessary.
Listen to your coach and follow what the coach is advising you.
Practice regularly.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Playing Cricket Recreationally\\n1-1. Learn to play cricket.\\nIf you don’t already know how to play, learn the basics before you join a team or play competitively. If you have friends that play regularly, ask them to explain the rules to you. Alternatively, watch professional games online or on TV to become familiar with the rules of cricket. Some alternative methods include:\\nWatching informative videos online\\nGetting a hands-on lesson by playing with a group of friends\\n1-2. Gather your clothing and safety gear.\\nFirst, purchase well-fitting cleats that will help you run faster. Next, purchase appropriate clothing. If you join a more serious team later, you may need to purchase a uniform. In the meantime, wear a polo T-shirt and long white trousers. Depending on your playing position, you may also need to purchase safety gear, including:\\nHelmet\\nPads\\nGloves\\nChest guard\\nAbdominal guard\\nThigh guards\\nArm guards\\nShin guards\\n1-3. Purchase cricket equipment.\\nMany teams and clubs provide cricket equipment for you. However, if you play with friends recreationally or start a team, you will need to purchase your own gear. You will need:\\n6 stumps or long white poles\\n4 bails that will rest on the poles\\n2 cricket bats\\n1 red cricket ball\\n1-4. Join an amateur cricketing club or play with friends.\\nThe easiest way to play cricket recreationally is to join a local cricket team hosted by your school or local community center. These teams will have equipment, playing fields, and certified referees. Alternatively, host your own cricket games with some friends to become a cricket player. However, you may have to bend the rules to accommodate your situation. For example:\\nIf you don’t have enough players to populate 2 teams, you may have to play a variety of positions throughout the game.\\nIf you don’t have the funds for cricket equipment, you may have to do without specialized safety gear. If this is the case, play with a soft ball to prevent injury.\\nIt may be difficult to find referees, especially if none of your friends volunteer for the position.\\n2. Improving Your Game\\n2-1. Practice often.\\nThe more you practice, the better you’ll get. The average professional cricket player only has 5 weeks off per year. That means that they’re training hard during the other 47 weeks of the year. If you want to be competitive, you have to train whenever you can. For example:\\nSpend your weekends playing cricket with your team or with friends.\\nInstead of watching TV when you get home from work, go for a run outside.\\nThrow a ball around with your coworkers during your lunch break.\\nHit as many cricket balls as possible.\\n2-2. Get a coach.\\nUtilizing a coach is expensive and time consuming. However, a coach will be able to help you improve faster than you ever could on your own. The more time you spend one-on-one with a coach, the better your cricket game will be. To find a coach:\\nAsk your friends if they know any good coaches.\\nDo an online search for trainers in your area.\\nAsk around at a cricket event.\\nLook for postings at your local cricket club.\\n2-3. Watch the professionals play.\\nWatch pro cricket games whenever you get the chance, whether it’s in person, on TV, or online. While you watch, examine the different techniques that your favorite players use. Do your best to absorb as much information as you can. Ask yourself:\\nHow do they react under pressure?\\nHow to they interact with their teammates?\\nWhat techniques set them apart from their teammates?\\nHow might you reenact those techniques?\\n2-4. Talk to experienced players.\\nMake an effort to become friends with the most experienced members of your club or team. Ask them for advice on improving your cricket game. If you go see a cricket game, stick around after the match ends and try to meet the players. Ask the players if they have any tips for a budding cricket enthusiast.\\nIf an experienced player gives you advice, follow it. There’s no point in asking for advice if you’re not going to take it.\\nDon’t let your feelings get hurt. If an experienced player gives you harsh criticism, see it as an opportunity for improvement.\\n3. Playing for a University\\n3-1. Make a list of universities to apply to.\\nDo a search online or talk to your school’s guidance counselor to decide which universities give you the best opportunity to play cricket. Additionally, look at the variety of academic programs offered by each school, the housing options, and the financial aid available. These criteria will help you narrow your choices down into a short list of 4 to 5 schools.\\nThere are 6 university cricket academies and 7 educational institutions throughout Wales and England that are part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University (MCCU) scheme. These schools offer the chance to further your academic career while playing cricket under top-level coaches.\\n3-2. Make sure you meet all the qualifications.\\nIf you’re looking at schools far enough in advance, you can work hard to meet qualifications that you may not meet otherwise. For example, if the schools you like require a high grade point average, work hard in all of your classes to raise your grades. For a list of applicant qualifications, look on the university website or talk to an admission counselor. Some other examples of qualifications include:\\nBeing involved in extracurricular activities at school\\nAttending any university events to meet professors and show interest\\nDoing a lot of community service\\n3-3. Talk to an admissions counselor.\\nBefore you apply anywhere, talk to an admissions counselor from each university. Explain your desire to play on the cricket team and ask them if they have any advice for you. Follow any advice they give you as best you can. Other great information to ask for includes:\\nInformation about the tryout process for the cricket team\\nWhether or not the cricket coach would be willing to give you application advice\\nHow competitive the cricket tryouts are\\n3-4. Apply to the universities.\\nApply to each university on your list to give you the best chance of attending one. Each university have different application processes and deadlines. Therefore, visit the university website or talk to an admissions counselor for information on how to apply. Common application components include:\\nA cover letter\\nAn essay describing your reasons for applying\\nA transcript from your previous school\\n3-5. Try out for the cricket team.\\nOnce you’re admitted into a university, try to get onto the cricket team. Find out when tryouts are being held and attend them. Additionally, talk to the coach about playing on the team. They will be able to give you good advice about playing on the team and will remember you when you attend tryouts.\\nSometimes tryouts are held before the school year begins. Find out the dates and times of the cricket team tryouts from an admissions counselor or the cricket coach.\\n3-6. Be persistent.\\nIf you don’t make the cricket team, try again next year. In the meantime, practice cricket as often as you can to improve your game. Additionally, work hard in all of your classes to make good grades and focus on finding subjects that you enjoy. Even if you don’t make it onto the cricket team, you’ll end up with a degree from a great university!\\n4. Becoming a Professional Player\\n4-1. Play for a club.\\nIn order to become a professional player, you must have experience playing for a cricket club. If you’re not currently a member of a club, find a local club to join to gain experience. Once you’re a member, you can be nominated for trials into state borough teams, minor county teams, then county teams.\\n4-2. Find a way to stand out.\\nA valuable player is good in many different roles. However, if you want to get noticed, you need to specialize your training to become noteworthy. To do so, base the core of your training around the repeated movements your position requires. For example:\\nIf you’re a bowler, practice bowling the ball.\\nIf you’re a wicket keeper, practice rising from a crouch quickly and catching the ball.\\nIf you’re a batsman, practice hitting the ball.\\n4-3. Join a highly competitive team.\\nThis can mean a school team, a semi-professional team, an inter-collegiate team, or a regional team. A competitive team participates in tournaments within their region. These teams will give you important training and help you get noticed by recruiters.\\nYou may have to try out for a spot on these teams. If so, practice hard and don’t give up! Try out as many times as you’re allowed.\\nAlways show that you’re a good team player. Otherwise, recruiters may not want you on their team, even if you’re very talented.\\n4-4. Look for open tryouts.\\nOnce you’ve become competitive on a semi-professional level, start looking for open tryouts for your favorite professional teams. Make friends with recruiters and other serious cricket players to be the first to hear about these tryouts. Otherwise, search for open tryouts online or look on your favorite team’s website.\\nMost open tryouts are held before the start of a new season.\\nThere will be many, many people at an open tryout. Do your best to stand apart from the crowd by being a team player and performing well.\\nTips\\nBe honest and hardworking. To achieve a goal, honesty and hardwork is necessary.\\nListen to your coach and follow what the coach is advising you.\\nPractice regularly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Cricket is enjoyed all around the world by amateurs and professionals alike. If you’ve always been interested in being a cricket player but you don’t know where to start, fear not! You can become a recreational, amateur, or professional cricket player with a few easy steps!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Playing Cricket Recreationally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to play cricket.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t already know how to play, learn the basics before you join a team or play competitively. If you have friends that play regularly, ask them to explain the rules to you. Alternatively, watch professional games online or on TV to become familiar with the rules of cricket. Some alternative methods include:\\nWatching informative videos online\\nGetting a hands-on lesson by playing with a group of friends\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather your clothing and safety gear.\", \"描述\": \"First, purchase well-fitting cleats that will help you run faster. Next, purchase appropriate clothing. If you join a more serious team later, you may need to purchase a uniform. In the meantime, wear a polo T-shirt and long white trousers. Depending on your playing position, you may also need to purchase safety gear, including:\\nHelmet\\nPads\\nGloves\\nChest guard\\nAbdominal guard\\nThigh guards\\nArm guards\\nShin guards\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase cricket equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Many teams and clubs provide cricket equipment for you. However, if you play with friends recreationally or start a team, you will need to purchase your own gear. You will need:\\n6 stumps or long white poles\\n4 bails that will rest on the poles\\n2 cricket bats\\n1 red cricket ball\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join an amateur cricketing club or play with friends.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to play cricket recreationally is to join a local cricket team hosted by your school or local community center. These teams will have equipment, playing fields, and certified referees. Alternatively, host your own cricket games with some friends to become a cricket player. However, you may have to bend the rules to accommodate your situation. For example:\\nIf you don’t have enough players to populate 2 teams, you may have to play a variety of positions throughout the game.\\nIf you don’t have the funds for cricket equipment, you may have to do without specialized safety gear. If this is the case, play with a soft ball to prevent injury.\\nIt may be difficult to find referees, especially if none of your friends volunteer for the position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Game\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice often.\", \"描述\": \"The more you practice, the better you’ll get. The average professional cricket player only has 5 weeks off per year. That means that they’re training hard during the other 47 weeks of the year. If you want to be competitive, you have to train whenever you can. For example:\\nSpend your weekends playing cricket with your team or with friends.\\nInstead of watching TV when you get home from work, go for a run outside.\\nThrow a ball around with your coworkers during your lunch break.\\nHit as many cricket balls as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a coach.\", \"描述\": \"Utilizing a coach is expensive and time consuming. However, a coach will be able to help you improve faster than you ever could on your own. The more time you spend one-on-one with a coach, the better your cricket game will be. To find a coach:\\nAsk your friends if they know any good coaches.\\nDo an online search for trainers in your area.\\nAsk around at a cricket event.\\nLook for postings at your local cricket club.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Watch the professionals play.\", \"描述\": \"Watch pro cricket games whenever you get the chance, whether it’s in person, on TV, or online. While you watch, examine the different techniques that your favorite players use. Do your best to absorb as much information as you can. Ask yourself:\\nHow do they react under pressure?\\nHow to they interact with their teammates?\\nWhat techniques set them apart from their teammates?\\nHow might you reenact those techniques?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Talk to experienced players.\", \"描述\": \"Make an effort to become friends with the most experienced members of your club or team. Ask them for advice on improving your cricket game. If you go see a cricket game, stick around after the match ends and try to meet the players. Ask the players if they have any tips for a budding cricket enthusiast.\\nIf an experienced player gives you advice, follow it. There’s no point in asking for advice if you’re not going to take it.\\nDon’t let your feelings get hurt. If an experienced player gives you harsh criticism, see it as an opportunity for improvement.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Playing for a University\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a list of universities to apply to.\", \"描述\": \"Do a search online or talk to your school’s guidance counselor to decide which universities give you the best opportunity to play cricket. Additionally, look at the variety of academic programs offered by each school, the housing options, and the financial aid available. These criteria will help you narrow your choices down into a short list of 4 to 5 schools.\\nThere are 6 university cricket academies and 7 educational institutions throughout Wales and England that are part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University (MCCU) scheme. These schools offer the chance to further your academic career while playing cricket under top-level coaches.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you meet all the qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re looking at schools far enough in advance, you can work hard to meet qualifications that you may not meet otherwise. For example, if the schools you like require a high grade point average, work hard in all of your classes to raise your grades. For a list of applicant qualifications, look on the university website or talk to an admission counselor. Some other examples of qualifications include:\\nBeing involved in extracurricular activities at school\\nAttending any university events to meet professors and show interest\\nDoing a lot of community service\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to an admissions counselor.\", \"描述\": \"Before you apply anywhere, talk to an admissions counselor from each university. Explain your desire to play on the cricket team and ask them if they have any advice for you. Follow any advice they give you as best you can. Other great information to ask for includes:\\nInformation about the tryout process for the cricket team\\nWhether or not the cricket coach would be willing to give you application advice\\nHow competitive the cricket tryouts are\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to the universities.\", \"描述\": \"Apply to each university on your list to give you the best chance of attending one. Each university have different application processes and deadlines. Therefore, visit the university website or talk to an admissions counselor for information on how to apply. Common application components include:\\nA cover letter\\nAn essay describing your reasons for applying\\nA transcript from your previous school\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try out for the cricket team.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re admitted into a university, try to get onto the cricket team. Find out when tryouts are being held and attend them. Additionally, talk to the coach about playing on the team. They will be able to give you good advice about playing on the team and will remember you when you attend tryouts.\\nSometimes tryouts are held before the school year begins. Find out the dates and times of the cricket team tryouts from an admissions counselor or the cricket coach.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be persistent.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t make the cricket team, try again next year. In the meantime, practice cricket as often as you can to improve your game. Additionally, work hard in all of your classes to make good grades and focus on finding subjects that you enjoy. Even if you don’t make it onto the cricket team, you’ll end up with a degree from a great university!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Professional Player\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Play for a club.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a professional player, you must have experience playing for a cricket club. If you’re not currently a member of a club, find a local club to join to gain experience. Once you’re a member, you can be nominated for trials into state borough teams, minor county teams, then county teams.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a way to stand out.\", \"描述\": \"A valuable player is good in many different roles. However, if you want to get noticed, you need to specialize your training to become noteworthy. To do so, base the core of your training around the repeated movements your position requires. For example:\\nIf you’re a bowler, practice bowling the ball.\\nIf you’re a wicket keeper, practice rising from a crouch quickly and catching the ball.\\nIf you’re a batsman, practice hitting the ball.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a highly competitive team.\", \"描述\": \"This can mean a school team, a semi-professional team, an inter-collegiate team, or a regional team. A competitive team participates in tournaments within their region. These teams will give you important training and help you get noticed by recruiters.\\nYou may have to try out for a spot on these teams. If so, practice hard and don’t give up! Try out as many times as you’re allowed.\\nAlways show that you’re a good team player. Otherwise, recruiters may not want you on their team, even if you’re very talented.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for open tryouts.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve become competitive on a semi-professional level, start looking for open tryouts for your favorite professional teams. Make friends with recruiters and other serious cricket players to be the first to hear about these tryouts. Otherwise, search for open tryouts online or look on your favorite team’s website.\\nMost open tryouts are held before the start of a new season.\\nThere will be many, many people at an open tryout. Do your best to stand apart from the crowd by being a team player and performing well.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be honest and hardworking. To achieve a goal, honesty and hardwork is necessary.\\n\", \"Listen to your coach and follow what the coach is advising you.\\n\", \"Practice regularly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,307 |
How to Become a Crime Scene Cleaner
|
1. Training for the Job
1-1. Graduate from high-school to increase your chances of getting hired.
While there is no formal education required to become a crime scene cleaner, many employers will expect a high school level education. Graduate from high-school or complete a GED before you begin looking for a job as a crime scene cleaner.
A GED is a test that proves you have a level of education equivalent to that of a high-school graduate. Getting a GED will allow you to more easily find work as a crime scene cleaner, even if you didn’t complete high school.
1-2. Get certified in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or bloodborne pathogen handling.
While there are few restrictions or regulations on crime scene cleaning around the world, there are likely some courses or certifications around you that will help significantly. Look for a certification in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or handling bloodborne pathogens from a government agency in your area.
In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a series of procedures and standards specific to cleaning a crime scene that you will need to learn. For more information, look to the OSHA Training Requirements Sheet found here: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2254.pdf
In the United Kingdom, you can be trained as a crime scene cleaner by the National Academy of Crime Scene Cleaners (NACSC).
In Canada, you will need to ensure that you can follow the Canadian Biosafety Standards and Guidelines. More information about this can be found here: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/canadian-biosafety-standards-guidelines.html
1-3. Seek out training with personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protection.
Working as a crime scene cleaner may involve wearing a Hazmat suit or other protective equipment. Look online or find an OSHA course nearby that can help teach when and how to use personal and respiratory protection on the job.
In most countries, your employer will be required to put you through mandated training in respiratory protection and PPE. However, going in with prior knowledge will increase your ability to work safely and may help you land the job.
Look on the OSHA website, or the website for your local health and safety standards authority, for more information.
1-4. Prepare for more training on the job.
In order to remain certified as a crime scene cleaner, you may need to pass training courses on hazardous communication, heat-illness awareness, medical waste handling, and many other topics. Study up on these areas as you apply for jobs as a crime scene cleaner to improve your chances of successfully completing any required training.
Talk to potential employers about the training they’d expect you to complete. This can help you to prepare, or may even allow you to pass the training independently and increase your chances of getting hired.
2. Assessing Your Suitability
2-1. Be able to work around blood and waste without feeling sick.
Crime scenes will often be messy, bloody, and will often reek of death or decomposition. If you’re going into a new crime scene every day, you’ll need to have a strong stomach to be able to work effectively in that environment. Ensure that you can handle working on a crime scene that might smell horrible before you decide to become a crime scene cleaner.
Humans have a natural instinct that will make them want to move away from the smell of rotting flesh or death. As a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to be able to suppress this on a day-to-day basis in order to get the job done.
While there are tricks to suppressing nausea that you may be able to use to stop feeling ill while working, these probably won’t be enough to help you in the long-term.
Over time it’s likely that you’ll become desensitized to some of the more disgusting parts of the job. You should have a strong stomach, but don’t worry if you still feel a little ill at first.
2-2. Be strong enough to handle hours of physical labor.
It can take up to 9 or 10 hours to clean a crime scene fully, during which time you’ll constantly be on your feet cleaning. If you want to become a crime scene cleaner, make sure you can happily work for many hours at a time doing physical labor.
Even though you’ll be cleaning up a crime scene, you’ll still be mostly doing cleaning work such as scrubbing down walls, cleaning carpets, and airing out and cleaning furniture. Make sure that this is all work you can do happily before coming a crime scene cleaner.
You will likely need to be able to work in tight spaces while cleaning, as well as often lifting 50 pounds (23 kg) or more. Work on slimming down while still gaining muscle to be the most effective crime scene cleaner and increase your chances of getting hired.
2-3. Adjust to working long and irregular hours.
“Crime never sleeps”, which means that crime scene cleaners will need to be ready to clean up a scene at a moment’s notice. Most people will want a crime scene cleaned up as soon as possible, so you’ll need to be prepared to be on-call at irregular hours. Ensure you can handle having an unpredictable schedule of long hours.
If you have kids or other significant commitments, being a crime scene cleaner may be a difficult job to take on without some extra help.
2-4. Make sure you can handle the emotional toll.
Cleaning up after crime scenes means that you’ll have to see the aftermath of some terrible crimes and empathize with those affected. Even if you can deal with the physical demands of the job, you’ll need to make sure you can handle the toll of dealing with death and sadness every day of your job.
It may help to find a therapist or someone that you can talk to about your job. Having someone to talk to can help you get through things that might be difficult to handle on your own.
While there are ways to learn how to better cope with emotional pain and deal with your emotions, consider whether or not that’s something you’re ready to deal with. There are plenty of other jobs that will have less of an emotional toll which you could choose from.
While it will come naturally to some people, you may also be able to learn to empathize better or show your empathy more clearly.
3. Finding a Job
3-1. Gain skills or experience by working cleaning or construction jobs.
While you likely won’t be able to get experience on a crime scene, there are plenty of other ways to build up desirable skills. Find a job as a domestic cleaner to get experience in cleaning, or try working on a construction site to gain experience with power tools and health and safety standards.
Experience with power tools will come in handy for crime scenes with areas that are too difficult to fix with cleaning products. Even if you don’t have experience on a construction site, knowledge of how to work safely with power tools will come in handy when trying to find a job.
3-2. Write a resume
As there is only so much research and studying you can do to give you an edge when applying to be a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to make a fantastic resume to prove why you’d be a great crime scene cleaner. Here are a few things to consider:
Make sure you privilege any formal training you have in biohazard handling or other cleaning experience, as this will put you above anyone without this training.
Focus on traits that crime scene cleaners will need, such as having a strong stomach and being able to be on-call for long hours. These will make you a more desirable employee.
3-3. Search for jobs with companies that handle crime scene and biohazard cleanup.
The easiest way to find employment as a crime scene cleaner is reaching out to companies that deal with biohazard cleanup in your area. Look online for companies near you and get in contact with them. Send a cover letter and a copy of your resume explaining why you’d like to work for them.
As there is more crime in bigger cities, you’ll be more likely to find employment somewhere with lots of people. Relocate to a city with more than 1 million people if you don’t live in one already.
Crime scene cleaning roles might be listed under many different names. Try looking for jobs in bio-recovery, bio-cleaning, trauma cleaning, crime scene decontamination, or other similar terms to increase the chances of finding a crime scene cleaning job.
Make sure that any company you apply to work for passes all of the health and safety requirements for working with bloodborne pathogens. If they do not, you might be putting yourself at risk by working for them. The OSHA bloodborne pathogen guidelines can be found here: https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact01.pdf
3-4. Be ready to pass a drug test and a background check if you get hired.
As you’ll be working in people’s homes and dealing with very sensitive situations, most biohazard cleaners will have to pass a drug test and background check before being hired. Make sure your drug test and background check will both come back clean before applying for a job.
Never take illicit substances will seeking employment or working as a crime scene cleaner. This could jeopardize your job and prevent you from completing your work properly.
If you know that something will come up on your background check, be prepared to talk to your potential employer about it. It’s better to talk to them about it and be ready to explain it than try to hide it and get caught. With a good explanation, there’s a chance your employer may overlook your background check.
3-5. Look for a support group to help process what you see at work.
Finding someone to talk to about difficult topics can make them a lot easier to process. Look for a support group for those who deal with crime or violence in your area, or find a therapist or someone else you can talk to.
Ask the people you work with if they know of or are a part of a support group that you could join.
Tips
Crime scene cleaners will usually start out earning around $40,000 USD a year. Over time and in a busy area, some can earn up to 6 figures a year.
One of the easiest ways to improve your income is to continue upskilling. Take further courses in biohazard handling, health and safety requirements, or construction work to get better at your job and continue improving your worth.
Warnings
Make sure that you understand what crime scene cleaning involves before getting into it. Cleaning up a hazardous scene, or removing blood after someone has died isn’t for the faint of heart.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training for the Job\\n1-1. Graduate from high-school to increase your chances of getting hired.\\nWhile there is no formal education required to become a crime scene cleaner, many employers will expect a high school level education. Graduate from high-school or complete a GED before you begin looking for a job as a crime scene cleaner.\\nA GED is a test that proves you have a level of education equivalent to that of a high-school graduate. Getting a GED will allow you to more easily find work as a crime scene cleaner, even if you didn’t complete high school.\\n1-2. Get certified in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or bloodborne pathogen handling.\\nWhile there are few restrictions or regulations on crime scene cleaning around the world, there are likely some courses or certifications around you that will help significantly. Look for a certification in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or handling bloodborne pathogens from a government agency in your area.\\nIn the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a series of procedures and standards specific to cleaning a crime scene that you will need to learn. For more information, look to the OSHA Training Requirements Sheet found here: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2254.pdf\\nIn the United Kingdom, you can be trained as a crime scene cleaner by the National Academy of Crime Scene Cleaners (NACSC).\\nIn Canada, you will need to ensure that you can follow the Canadian Biosafety Standards and Guidelines. More information about this can be found here: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/canadian-biosafety-standards-guidelines.html\\n1-3. Seek out training with personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protection.\\nWorking as a crime scene cleaner may involve wearing a Hazmat suit or other protective equipment. Look online or find an OSHA course nearby that can help teach when and how to use personal and respiratory protection on the job.\\nIn most countries, your employer will be required to put you through mandated training in respiratory protection and PPE. However, going in with prior knowledge will increase your ability to work safely and may help you land the job.\\nLook on the OSHA website, or the website for your local health and safety standards authority, for more information.\\n1-4. Prepare for more training on the job.\\nIn order to remain certified as a crime scene cleaner, you may need to pass training courses on hazardous communication, heat-illness awareness, medical waste handling, and many other topics. Study up on these areas as you apply for jobs as a crime scene cleaner to improve your chances of successfully completing any required training.\\nTalk to potential employers about the training they’d expect you to complete. This can help you to prepare, or may even allow you to pass the training independently and increase your chances of getting hired.\\n2. Assessing Your Suitability\\n2-1. Be able to work around blood and waste without feeling sick.\\nCrime scenes will often be messy, bloody, and will often reek of death or decomposition. If you’re going into a new crime scene every day, you’ll need to have a strong stomach to be able to work effectively in that environment. Ensure that you can handle working on a crime scene that might smell horrible before you decide to become a crime scene cleaner.\\nHumans have a natural instinct that will make them want to move away from the smell of rotting flesh or death. As a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to be able to suppress this on a day-to-day basis in order to get the job done.\\nWhile there are tricks to suppressing nausea that you may be able to use to stop feeling ill while working, these probably won’t be enough to help you in the long-term.\\nOver time it’s likely that you’ll become desensitized to some of the more disgusting parts of the job. You should have a strong stomach, but don’t worry if you still feel a little ill at first.\\n2-2. Be strong enough to handle hours of physical labor.\\nIt can take up to 9 or 10 hours to clean a crime scene fully, during which time you’ll constantly be on your feet cleaning. If you want to become a crime scene cleaner, make sure you can happily work for many hours at a time doing physical labor.\\nEven though you’ll be cleaning up a crime scene, you’ll still be mostly doing cleaning work such as scrubbing down walls, cleaning carpets, and airing out and cleaning furniture. Make sure that this is all work you can do happily before coming a crime scene cleaner.\\nYou will likely need to be able to work in tight spaces while cleaning, as well as often lifting 50 pounds (23 kg) or more. Work on slimming down while still gaining muscle to be the most effective crime scene cleaner and increase your chances of getting hired.\\n2-3. Adjust to working long and irregular hours.\\n“Crime never sleeps”, which means that crime scene cleaners will need to be ready to clean up a scene at a moment’s notice. Most people will want a crime scene cleaned up as soon as possible, so you’ll need to be prepared to be on-call at irregular hours. Ensure you can handle having an unpredictable schedule of long hours.\\nIf you have kids or other significant commitments, being a crime scene cleaner may be a difficult job to take on without some extra help.\\n2-4. Make sure you can handle the emotional toll.\\nCleaning up after crime scenes means that you’ll have to see the aftermath of some terrible crimes and empathize with those affected. Even if you can deal with the physical demands of the job, you’ll need to make sure you can handle the toll of dealing with death and sadness every day of your job.\\nIt may help to find a therapist or someone that you can talk to about your job. Having someone to talk to can help you get through things that might be difficult to handle on your own.\\nWhile there are ways to learn how to better cope with emotional pain and deal with your emotions, consider whether or not that’s something you’re ready to deal with. There are plenty of other jobs that will have less of an emotional toll which you could choose from.\\nWhile it will come naturally to some people, you may also be able to learn to empathize better or show your empathy more clearly.\\n3. Finding a Job\\n3-1. Gain skills or experience by working cleaning or construction jobs.\\nWhile you likely won’t be able to get experience on a crime scene, there are plenty of other ways to build up desirable skills. Find a job as a domestic cleaner to get experience in cleaning, or try working on a construction site to gain experience with power tools and health and safety standards.\\nExperience with power tools will come in handy for crime scenes with areas that are too difficult to fix with cleaning products. Even if you don’t have experience on a construction site, knowledge of how to work safely with power tools will come in handy when trying to find a job.\\n3-2. Write a resume\\nAs there is only so much research and studying you can do to give you an edge when applying to be a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to make a fantastic resume to prove why you’d be a great crime scene cleaner. Here are a few things to consider:\\nMake sure you privilege any formal training you have in biohazard handling or other cleaning experience, as this will put you above anyone without this training.\\nFocus on traits that crime scene cleaners will need, such as having a strong stomach and being able to be on-call for long hours. These will make you a more desirable employee.\\n3-3. Search for jobs with companies that handle crime scene and biohazard cleanup.\\nThe easiest way to find employment as a crime scene cleaner is reaching out to companies that deal with biohazard cleanup in your area. Look online for companies near you and get in contact with them. Send a cover letter and a copy of your resume explaining why you’d like to work for them.\\nAs there is more crime in bigger cities, you’ll be more likely to find employment somewhere with lots of people. Relocate to a city with more than 1 million people if you don’t live in one already.\\nCrime scene cleaning roles might be listed under many different names. Try looking for jobs in bio-recovery, bio-cleaning, trauma cleaning, crime scene decontamination, or other similar terms to increase the chances of finding a crime scene cleaning job.\\nMake sure that any company you apply to work for passes all of the health and safety requirements for working with bloodborne pathogens. If they do not, you might be putting yourself at risk by working for them. The OSHA bloodborne pathogen guidelines can be found here: https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact01.pdf\\n3-4. Be ready to pass a drug test and a background check if you get hired.\\nAs you’ll be working in people’s homes and dealing with very sensitive situations, most biohazard cleaners will have to pass a drug test and background check before being hired. Make sure your drug test and background check will both come back clean before applying for a job.\\nNever take illicit substances will seeking employment or working as a crime scene cleaner. This could jeopardize your job and prevent you from completing your work properly.\\nIf you know that something will come up on your background check, be prepared to talk to your potential employer about it. It’s better to talk to them about it and be ready to explain it than try to hide it and get caught. With a good explanation, there’s a chance your employer may overlook your background check.\\n3-5. Look for a support group to help process what you see at work.\\nFinding someone to talk to about difficult topics can make them a lot easier to process. Look for a support group for those who deal with crime or violence in your area, or find a therapist or someone else you can talk to.\\nAsk the people you work with if they know of or are a part of a support group that you could join.\\nTips\\nCrime scene cleaners will usually start out earning around $40,000 USD a year. Over time and in a busy area, some can earn up to 6 figures a year.\\nOne of the easiest ways to improve your income is to continue upskilling. Take further courses in biohazard handling, health and safety requirements, or construction work to get better at your job and continue improving your worth.\\nWarnings\\nMake sure that you understand what crime scene cleaning involves before getting into it. Cleaning up a hazardous scene, or removing blood after someone has died isn’t for the faint of heart.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Crime scene cleaners are the people called in after crime scene investigators have taken a look over the scene of a crime. As a cleaner, you’ll be charged with tidying up and disposing of any blood, body parts, or other signs that a crime has taken place in order to make the space habitable again. While it’s not the most glamorous job, if you have a strong stomach and an open schedule, you can make a lot of money by becoming a crime scene cleaner.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate from high-school to increase your chances of getting hired.\", \"描述\": \"While there is no formal education required to become a crime scene cleaner, many employers will expect a high school level education. Graduate from high-school or complete a GED before you begin looking for a job as a crime scene cleaner.\\nA GED is a test that proves you have a level of education equivalent to that of a high-school graduate. Getting a GED will allow you to more easily find work as a crime scene cleaner, even if you didn’t complete high school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get certified in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or bloodborne pathogen handling.\", \"描述\": \"While there are few restrictions or regulations on crime scene cleaning around the world, there are likely some courses or certifications around you that will help significantly. Look for a certification in crime scene cleaning, bio-recovery, or handling bloodborne pathogens from a government agency in your area.\\nIn the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a series of procedures and standards specific to cleaning a crime scene that you will need to learn. For more information, look to the OSHA Training Requirements Sheet found here: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2254.pdf\\nIn the United Kingdom, you can be trained as a crime scene cleaner by the National Academy of Crime Scene Cleaners (NACSC).\\nIn Canada, you will need to ensure that you can follow the Canadian Biosafety Standards and Guidelines. More information about this can be found here: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/canadian-biosafety-standards-guidelines.html\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek out training with personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protection.\", \"描述\": \"Working as a crime scene cleaner may involve wearing a Hazmat suit or other protective equipment. Look online or find an OSHA course nearby that can help teach when and how to use personal and respiratory protection on the job.\\nIn most countries, your employer will be required to put you through mandated training in respiratory protection and PPE. However, going in with prior knowledge will increase your ability to work safely and may help you land the job.\\nLook on the OSHA website, or the website for your local health and safety standards authority, for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for more training on the job.\", \"描述\": \"In order to remain certified as a crime scene cleaner, you may need to pass training courses on hazardous communication, heat-illness awareness, medical waste handling, and many other topics. Study up on these areas as you apply for jobs as a crime scene cleaner to improve your chances of successfully completing any required training.\\nTalk to potential employers about the training they’d expect you to complete. This can help you to prepare, or may even allow you to pass the training independently and increase your chances of getting hired.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Assessing Your Suitability\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be able to work around blood and waste without feeling sick.\", \"描述\": \"Crime scenes will often be messy, bloody, and will often reek of death or decomposition. If you’re going into a new crime scene every day, you’ll need to have a strong stomach to be able to work effectively in that environment. Ensure that you can handle working on a crime scene that might smell horrible before you decide to become a crime scene cleaner.\\nHumans have a natural instinct that will make them want to move away from the smell of rotting flesh or death. As a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to be able to suppress this on a day-to-day basis in order to get the job done.\\nWhile there are tricks to suppressing nausea that you may be able to use to stop feeling ill while working, these probably won’t be enough to help you in the long-term.\\nOver time it’s likely that you’ll become desensitized to some of the more disgusting parts of the job. You should have a strong stomach, but don’t worry if you still feel a little ill at first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be strong enough to handle hours of physical labor.\", \"描述\": \"It can take up to 9 or 10 hours to clean a crime scene fully, during which time you’ll constantly be on your feet cleaning. If you want to become a crime scene cleaner, make sure you can happily work for many hours at a time doing physical labor.\\nEven though you’ll be cleaning up a crime scene, you’ll still be mostly doing cleaning work such as scrubbing down walls, cleaning carpets, and airing out and cleaning furniture. Make sure that this is all work you can do happily before coming a crime scene cleaner.\\nYou will likely need to be able to work in tight spaces while cleaning, as well as often lifting 50 pounds (23 kg) or more. Work on slimming down while still gaining muscle to be the most effective crime scene cleaner and increase your chances of getting hired.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust to working long and irregular hours.\", \"描述\": \"“Crime never sleeps”, which means that crime scene cleaners will need to be ready to clean up a scene at a moment’s notice. Most people will want a crime scene cleaned up as soon as possible, so you’ll need to be prepared to be on-call at irregular hours. Ensure you can handle having an unpredictable schedule of long hours.\\nIf you have kids or other significant commitments, being a crime scene cleaner may be a difficult job to take on without some extra help.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure you can handle the emotional toll.\", \"描述\": \"Cleaning up after crime scenes means that you’ll have to see the aftermath of some terrible crimes and empathize with those affected. Even if you can deal with the physical demands of the job, you’ll need to make sure you can handle the toll of dealing with death and sadness every day of your job.\\nIt may help to find a therapist or someone that you can talk to about your job. Having someone to talk to can help you get through things that might be difficult to handle on your own.\\nWhile there are ways to learn how to better cope with emotional pain and deal with your emotions, consider whether or not that’s something you’re ready to deal with. There are plenty of other jobs that will have less of an emotional toll which you could choose from.\\nWhile it will come naturally to some people, you may also be able to learn to empathize better or show your empathy more clearly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain skills or experience by working cleaning or construction jobs.\", \"描述\": \"While you likely won’t be able to get experience on a crime scene, there are plenty of other ways to build up desirable skills. Find a job as a domestic cleaner to get experience in cleaning, or try working on a construction site to gain experience with power tools and health and safety standards.\\nExperience with power tools will come in handy for crime scenes with areas that are too difficult to fix with cleaning products. Even if you don’t have experience on a construction site, knowledge of how to work safely with power tools will come in handy when trying to find a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write a resume\", \"描述\": \"As there is only so much research and studying you can do to give you an edge when applying to be a crime scene cleaner, you’ll need to make a fantastic resume to prove why you’d be a great crime scene cleaner. Here are a few things to consider:\\nMake sure you privilege any formal training you have in biohazard handling or other cleaning experience, as this will put you above anyone without this training.\\nFocus on traits that crime scene cleaners will need, such as having a strong stomach and being able to be on-call for long hours. These will make you a more desirable employee.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search for jobs with companies that handle crime scene and biohazard cleanup.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to find employment as a crime scene cleaner is reaching out to companies that deal with biohazard cleanup in your area. Look online for companies near you and get in contact with them. Send a cover letter and a copy of your resume explaining why you’d like to work for them.\\nAs there is more crime in bigger cities, you’ll be more likely to find employment somewhere with lots of people. Relocate to a city with more than 1 million people if you don’t live in one already.\\nCrime scene cleaning roles might be listed under many different names. Try looking for jobs in bio-recovery, bio-cleaning, trauma cleaning, crime scene decontamination, or other similar terms to increase the chances of finding a crime scene cleaning job.\\nMake sure that any company you apply to work for passes all of the health and safety requirements for working with bloodborne pathogens. If they do not, you might be putting yourself at risk by working for them. The OSHA bloodborne pathogen guidelines can be found here: https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact01.pdf\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be ready to pass a drug test and a background check if you get hired.\", \"描述\": \"As you’ll be working in people’s homes and dealing with very sensitive situations, most biohazard cleaners will have to pass a drug test and background check before being hired. Make sure your drug test and background check will both come back clean before applying for a job.\\nNever take illicit substances will seeking employment or working as a crime scene cleaner. This could jeopardize your job and prevent you from completing your work properly.\\nIf you know that something will come up on your background check, be prepared to talk to your potential employer about it. It’s better to talk to them about it and be ready to explain it than try to hide it and get caught. With a good explanation, there’s a chance your employer may overlook your background check.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look for a support group to help process what you see at work.\", \"描述\": \"Finding someone to talk to about difficult topics can make them a lot easier to process. Look for a support group for those who deal with crime or violence in your area, or find a therapist or someone else you can talk to.\\nAsk the people you work with if they know of or are a part of a support group that you could join.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Crime scene cleaners will usually start out earning around $40,000 USD a year. Over time and in a busy area, some can earn up to 6 figures a year.\\n\", \"One of the easiest ways to improve your income is to continue upskilling. Take further courses in biohazard handling, health and safety requirements, or construction work to get better at your job and continue improving your worth.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure that you understand what crime scene cleaning involves before getting into it. Cleaning up a hazardous scene, or removing blood after someone has died isn’t for the faint of heart.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,308 |
How to Become a Criminal Defense Lawyer
|
1. Qualifying for Law School
1-1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree.
In order to get into law school, you first need a bachelor’s degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university. It does not matter what kind of bachelor’s degree you get, but most pre-law students obtain bachelor’s degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.
Make sure the school you choose is accredited. To ensure that the school you choose is accredited, check the U.S. Department of Education’s (“DOE”) Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs for a listing.
You do not need to major in “criminal justice” as an undergraduate. In fact, criminal justice majors are admitted to law schools are admitted at a lower rate than those who majored in journalism, philosophy, or economics. Although you will not be penalized for majoring in criminal justice, there is no automatic benefit in law school admissions for having done so.
1-2. Practice public speaking.
One of the most important skills you will need as an attorney is the confidence to speak in front of anyone. You can begin to develop this skill while in college. Join debate or public speaking clubs.
You will also want to strengthen your research and writing skills, so you should take classes that allow you to write long research papers.
1-3. Keep your grades up.
Not everyone gets into law school. To increase your chances of getting in, keep your grades up. You want to graduate with at least a 3.0, but of course a 3.5 or 4.0 would be even better. Admissions committees view a high GPA as an indicator that you are a hard worker who is self-motivated.
The higher your undergraduate GPA, the more selective you can be about what schools to apply to. Even if you do not care about the rank of the law school you attend, a higher GPA makes scholarships easier to get.
1-4. Build relationships with professors.
When you apply to law school, you will need to submit letters of recommendation. Make the most of your four years in college by building relationships with professors who can write you strong recommendations.
A great way to build relationships with faculty is to work as a research or teaching assistant.
1-5. Intern with a criminal defense lawyer.
Many small law firms need clerical and support staff assistance in the summer but also throughout the year. You can work part-time for a criminal defense lawyer as you work toward your undergraduate degree. Doing so will give you a taste of what criminal defense work is like.
1-6. Study for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).
The LSAT is by far the most important part of your application, and you will need a score around the 50 percentile in order to get into an accredited law school.
Because of the recent decline in law school applicants, law schools are giving away more scholarships than ever before. A high LSAT will help you qualify for free money from your law school of choice.
1-7. Register for the test.
The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath.
Create a free account at the Law School Admission Counsel’s (“LSAC”) website.
Find a test date and location. To do this, start on LSAC’s Law School Admission Counsel’s website Dates and Deadlines page.
1-8. Study for the test.
The LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.
Your local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams.
1-9. Take the test.
The LSAT has five multiple choice sections and one unscored essay. Four of the five multiple choice sections count toward your score. The fifth is experimental and does not count toward your score. Unfortunately, you will not know in advance which section is experimental.
Follow the rules for test day very carefully. If you fail to follow any of the test day rules, you may not be allowed to take the test.
1-10. Retake if your score is low.
Applicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score doesn’t improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.
On average, test takers are able to increase their score only two to three points on a re-take.
2. Preparing to Apply to Law School
2-1. Decide if being a lawyer is really for you.
Law schools are full of students who sign up thinking that law is an easy way to make big money when in reality there is nothing easy about it. Lawyers (including defense lawyers) work long hours, cope with stress, and struggle to get along with opposing counsel, clients, bosses, and judges.
Now might be a good time to think about how you will finance your legal education. The cost of a legal education has exploded in the past decade. Students routinely pay over $30,000 a year in tuition alone, which does not include additional costs for living expenses. If you are not careful, you could graduate law school $200,000 in debt.
The dramatic rise in tuition coincides with a slow-down in hiring of attorneys. According to the American Bar Association, less than 60% of law graduates were employed in full-time, long-term jobs that required a law degree. Other graduates are trying to piece together part-time legal jobs or working out of the legal field altogether.
2-2. Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).
CAS is used by all law schools. You send them your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluation; they create a packet and send it to the law school. The service requires a fee.
Register early and make sure to get your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner.
2-3. Solicit letters of recommendation.
Now is the time to draw on the relationships you have built up with faculty during your undergraduate career. Ask your professors if they can write you a strong letter of recommendation. Only follow through if that professor says “yes.”
If you didn’t build strong relationships with faculty, don’t despair. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as from people associated with church or volunteer organizations.
Some recommenders may need to be prompted to complete the letter. Send a friendly email reminder, or stop in to chat.
2-4. Draft a personal statement.
Law schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.
Follow the directions. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. Also, if they give you a word limit, stick to the limit. Going over, by even a few words, can harm your chances of admission.
Feel free to write about your interest in criminal defense law. Note, however, that law schools do not offer majors, not even in criminal law. Consequently, don’t say you want to apply to a school to “major” in something. Instead, state why you think the school will help you fulfill your dream of practicing criminal defense.
2-5. Think about writing an addendum.
An addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.”
An addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.
3. Choosing a Law School
3-1. Think about where you want to practice.
Only a handful of law schools have national reach. Instead, most law schools place their graduates in the local legal community, usually in small firms or local government agencies. You should therefore pick a law school in an area where you want to practice.
You should always ask any prospective law school for its job placement statistics. Over the past few years, a sea change has occurred with respect to the way schools collect job placement data. Now schools must include much more detailed information about the employment rates of recent graduates.
Pay attention to the number of students who get “full-time jobs requiring a JD” after graduation. Other employment statistics will fold in people who are working part-time or who are working in a field that doesn’t require a law degree.
3-2. Compare costs.
As you compare law schools, you should always have costs in the forefront of your mind. You might assume that public schools are always cheaper than private schools, but that is not always the case. The tuition for out-of-state law students is often comparable to the tuition of a private school.
If you want to move to a state and hope to qualify as an in-state resident, contact the law school’s admissions office for information.
3-3. Research clinical opportunities.
One of the best ways to gain criminal defense experience is to participate in a law school clinic. Under the supervision of a clinical faculty member, you will provide real legal services to people caught in the criminal justice system. As part of your clinical experience, you may arrange jail releases, interview clients and witnesses, negotiate with prosecutors and even try cases before judges and juries.
Visit the website for each lawsuit and check to see what clinical opportunities they have. Criminal law clinics are fairly popular with law schools, since there is no shortage of clients in need of assistance.
Some magazines or websites rank law school clinical programs. Do not get too caught up in ranking. You are unlikely to get a job because you participated in a “ranked” clinical program. Instead, ask schools about: the number of students who can take the criminal defense clinic, what kinds of tasks they do, whether they can participate in trials, and whether they can take the clinic as a 2L (or even as a 1L).
3-4. Study schools.
Choosing a law school for some will be quite easy. Those who plan to stay in the area where they currently reside may only have 1 or 2 options. For others, the choice might be more difficult. In addition to costs, applicants should consider:
Curriculum. The basic curriculum for first year students is pretty much the same at any law school, but after the first year, the classes available might be very different. Look for a curriculum with plenty of criminal law cases.
Library and other facilities. You will likely be spending a lot of time in the library while attending law school, so be sure that the library has quality resource materials and hours that will work with your schedule.
Accreditation. You want to be sure that the law school you choose to attend is accredited by the American Bar Association (“ABA”), as you might not be able to sit for the bar examination if your school is not. To check that the law school you wish to attend is accredited, check the ABA’s ABA Approved Law Schools page.
Trial advocacy programs. More than other lawyers, criminal defense attorneys must be effective trial attorneys. Many law schools offer trial advocacy programs. These programs teach students the ins and outs of the entire trial process, from creating effective exhibits and questioning witnesses, to delivering effective opening and closing statements. Law schools often field trial advocacy teams that compete in national competitions.
Solo practitioner incubators. Some law schools have realized that many of their students become solo practitioners. Therefore, they have created programs designed to help students hit the ground running as solos once they graduate and pass the bar. Since many criminal defense lawyers work as solo practitioners, you may be interested in a school that offers an incubator program.
3-5. Use your GPA and LSAT score to find appropriate schools.
These are the two most important factors in law school admissions, and schools will rely on them heavily. Because application fees can be expensive (sometimes close to $100), you will want to be selective about which schools you apply to. Look for schools where your GPA and LSAT fall near the school’s medians.
You can gauge your likelihood of gaining admission to specific schools by using the LSAC calculator. Enter your undergraduate GPA and LSAC score to see your chances.
If you have a 3.5 GPA and a 155 LSAT, then you have a 25% chance of getting into Arizona State, a 50% chance of getting into Michigan State, and a 75% chance of getting into the University of Miami.
3-6. Apply to multiple law schools.
Applying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don’t get into any school, then you will have to wait a year before applying.
For some great tips on completing law school applications see the University of New Mexico’s Tips on How to Make your Application as Competitive as Possible.
4. Earning a Law Degree
4-1. Take required courses.
Law schools generally require 90 credits or so, spread out over 3 years. Your first year will consist mostly of basic courses: torts, contracts, property, civil procedure, criminal law, and constitutional law.
Most criminal defense attorneys work in small firms. However, some do white-collar criminal defense work for wealthy individuals or corporations. White collar criminal defense attorneys are employed by some of the largest firms in the country. If you want to do this type of work, then you will need to do very well in your first-year classes, finishing near the top of your class.
Visit your career services office and ask if they have information on the GPA required to be competitive at the large firms in your market.
4-2. Join a study group.
Law school is stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.
If you join a study group, stick with it. No one likes people who join a group only to drop out after a month.
4-3. Take exams seriously.
Before you can become a lawyer, you have to pass law school. Your grades will also follow you around your entire career. Though the importance of grades decreases over time, poor grades could keep you locked out of jobs, at least initially.
4-4. Take criminal law electives as soon as possible.
Many law schools allow students to begin taking electives beginning with their second semester. You will want to take courses such as Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and Trial Advocacy.
4-5. Look for internships.
An excellent addition to your legal education would be an internship with a judge, preferably one who handles criminal matters. Look into performing an “externship” with a federal judge or a state criminal court judge. Most law schools allow externships for credit. If interested, contact your career center for more information.
As a judicial extern, you will get an up-close view of how judges decide cases, and you will understand what arguments they find persuasive and which ones they don’t. As an extern, you will research case law, draft portions of memos or bench orders, and watch oral arguments.
You can also intern with a public defender’s office. This is a great way to begin building your reputation and gaining experience in criminal law. You will work closely with a public defender on his or her cases and probably go to court with them as well.
4-6. Work as a summer associate for a criminal defense attorney.
During the summers you can work for attorneys as a clerk or a summer associate. You should begin looking for these opportunities in the spring semester. Larger firms will advertise through your school’s career center. However, you can also send out a copy of your resume and transcript and ask if a position is available.
You might get paid, but money should not be the primary purpose of a summer job. Instead, you should begin building your reputation. Be sure to do top-notch work, no matter how boring the assignment.
Once you graduate law school, you might not have a job. If you did good work as a summer associate, however, you can reach out to the attorney and ask for work after you graduate. You may only get piecemeal overflow work, but it can help pay the bills and give you additional experience.
Be sure to get writing experience in your summer jobs. Employers usually ask for a writing sample when you apply for a job, and it is best to have a “real world” writing sample, such as a motion or brief, than a writing assignment you did for a legal writing class in law school.
4-7. Pass the MPRE.
The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam has 60 questions and tests your knowledge of legal ethics. You will take the exam in your third year of law school.
5. Obtaining Your Law License
5-1. Apply for admittance to a state bar.
Each state admits its own lawyers and administers its own bar exam, so check with the bar of the state where you wish to practice. They will provide you with a list of the necessary steps to take.
5-2. Register for the bar exam.
Nearly every state requires that you pass a written exam. The exam typically includes an essay portion as well as a multiple choice test.
The bar exam is typically offered twice a year—once during the summer (June or July) and once the winter (usually February). If you have to take the bar exam over, you have to pay each time you take it.
5-3. Prepare for the bar exam.
Prep courses abound. They typically last several months and prepare you for both the essay and multiple choice portions of the bar exam. Costs can run up to several thousand dollars.
If costs are a concern, then you can seek out old study guides published by bar prep companies. Many people sell old guides on eBay and other online retailers.
5-4. Fill out the background survey.
In addition to passing the bar exam, you also need to pass a character and fitness review. This requires filling out a detailed survey on your background.
Common problems with character and fitness include criminal convictions, financial irresponsibility (such as bankruptcy), and accusations of plagiarism. These may not completely block you from admission, but be prepared to discuss them with the character and fitness committee.
Always be honest when filling out the background survey. Often the attempt to hide something is worse than the offense in the first place.
5-5. Take the bar examination.
The bar exam is typically held over the course of 2 days. The first day consists of a multiple-choice exam covering topics such as contracts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and torts. The second day, consisting of essays, is often state-specific.
Expect to wait several months to receive your score. In Illinois, for example, those who take the exam in July will not receive their results until the first two weeks of October.
6. Starting as a Criminal Defense Lawyer
6-1. Understand the job market for criminal defense lawyers.
Some law students who attend highly-ranked schools and graduate at the top of their class will get offers while in law school to join large national firms to work as associates practicing white collar law. This will not be the reality for the vast majority of new attorneys. To build a criminal defense practice, you need to understand how different legal employers hire.
Large law firms. They typically hire students to work as summer associates after their 2L year. Often, they come onto campus and interview immediately before the start of the 2L year (or during that fall) and extend an offer shortly thereafter. After you work as a summer associate during your 2L summer, the firm will decide whether to extend an offer to join the firm full-time. These jobs are very difficult to get, and you will need a high GPA to be competitive.
District attorney offices and public defenders. In addition to prosecutors, both the state and the federal governments have public defender offices that provide free legal defense for indigent defendants. Both district attorneys and public defenders will often come onto your campus for interviews. These agencies are also quite selective.
Medium and small firms. Smaller firms may also come onto campus for interviewing, but most cannot forecast their employment needs in advance. Therefore, they probably won’t hire many summer associates, if any. When a job opens up, these firms will advertise, and they probably will want you to already have passed the bar before you apply. You probably won’t apply to these jobs until after you graduate law school.
6-2. Participate in On-Campus Interviews (OCI).
If firms or agencies come onto your campus for interviews, you might as well sign up if your grades are even somewhat competitive. Going through the interview process will help you hone your interviewing skills. Your career services office will send out detailed requirements for participating in OCI, such as preparing a resume and ordering copies of your transcript.
6-3. Search online for job postings.
Smaller firms often advertise online. You can check Craigslist, job aggregators like Indeed.com, and with your state bar association, which may have a job board. You will be asked to forward a resume, cover letter, and writing sample, so have those ready to go.
6-4. Set up informational interviews.
After taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.
In the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.
Develop a list of questions (at least five) and take notes. Be engaged.
Ask the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterward.
6-5. Reach out to former employers.
If you cannot find a job after passing the bar, reconnect with attorneys you worked for during the summer or part-time during the school year. They may have overflow work for you to do, such as research assignments, court appointments, or briefing.
You can also cold call other criminal defense attorneys and ask if they have any overflow work. If you do not have a job, you should be most focused on building your reputation and not be picky about how much you get paid. If you do good work for low wages (or even for free), then the attorney may come back to you with additional work.
6-6. Get the first job.
Even if the criminal defense is your dream, you might need to take another legal job simply to pay the bills. Ideally, you could work as a prosecutor and see the criminal justice system from the other side for a few years. You also might be employed as a transactional attorney, an insurance claims adjuster, or working as a legal research assistant.
Unless you work as a prosecutor, you can seek out pro bono criminal defense work on your own. Many states maintain databases of organizations seeking pro bono assistance. Religious charities and immigration organizations often seek criminal defense attorneys to counsel clients.
6-7. Seek out court-appointed work.
Some states or counties lack a public defender office. In those places, courts will select an attorney from a panel to represent the defendant. You will typically bill your time to the court, though the amount you can get will be capped. Ask your local court if they appoint criminal defense matters and sign up if they do.
Even some areas with public defenders often need a panel of private attorneys in case the public defender has a conflict. You should ask your local court about this possibility as well.
6-8. Stay connected to the criminal defense community.
As your career advances, be sure to continue to raise your profile by offering continuing legal education courses, joining bar association committees, and joining national organizations like the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
You can also seek board certification in criminal law if your state offers it. You may have to take an exam and meet minimum practice requirements, such as practicing for a number of years and dedicating a certain percentage of your practice to criminal law.
Tips
If you’re unable to pay the application fee for the law school you are interested in attending, contact the administration and ask if the fee can be waived.
Most law schools will have an administrator whose only job is addressing financial aid issues. Ask him or her to point you in the direction of loans, grants, or scholarships you might qualify for.
Ask one of your professors who has practiced criminal law in the past for suggestions on which classes will be most helpful to a future defense attorney.
Warnings
Many of your clients are guilty. Also, if you’re working as a public defender rather than a private defense attorney, many of your clients will doubt your motivations, feel that you are not a “real” attorney, and be evasive or unpleasant. Even if you do excellent work on a client’s case, you must be prepared for the possibility of never receiving a thank you.
Law used to have a reputation as a stable career choice for risk-averse people. However, the legal profession has changed dramatically since the Great Recession. New attorneys may feel like they are freelancers, trying to pick up work here and there for minimal wages. Even experienced attorneys can be let go of their firm at a moment’s notice. You should talk to new attorneys and ask about their day-to-day experiences.
A lot of people will not approve of your career choice. They think that your job is to “get guilty people off,” and will present you with worst-case scenarios (i.e. a former client who you just got out of jail goes out and murders someone the next day). This will never change, so you have to be secure enough in your reasons for practicing criminal defense to ignore them.
|
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"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Qualifying for Law School\\n1-1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree.\\nIn order to get into law school, you first need a bachelor’s degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university. It does not matter what kind of bachelor’s degree you get, but most pre-law students obtain bachelor’s degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.\\nMake sure the school you choose is accredited. To ensure that the school you choose is accredited, check the U.S. Department of Education’s (“DOE”) Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs for a listing.\\nYou do not need to major in “criminal justice” as an undergraduate. In fact, criminal justice majors are admitted to law schools are admitted at a lower rate than those who majored in journalism, philosophy, or economics. Although you will not be penalized for majoring in criminal justice, there is no automatic benefit in law school admissions for having done so.\\n1-2. Practice public speaking.\\nOne of the most important skills you will need as an attorney is the confidence to speak in front of anyone. You can begin to develop this skill while in college. Join debate or public speaking clubs.\\nYou will also want to strengthen your research and writing skills, so you should take classes that allow you to write long research papers.\\n1-3. Keep your grades up.\\nNot everyone gets into law school. To increase your chances of getting in, keep your grades up. You want to graduate with at least a 3.0, but of course a 3.5 or 4.0 would be even better. Admissions committees view a high GPA as an indicator that you are a hard worker who is self-motivated.\\nThe higher your undergraduate GPA, the more selective you can be about what schools to apply to. Even if you do not care about the rank of the law school you attend, a higher GPA makes scholarships easier to get.\\n1-4. Build relationships with professors.\\nWhen you apply to law school, you will need to submit letters of recommendation. Make the most of your four years in college by building relationships with professors who can write you strong recommendations.\\nA great way to build relationships with faculty is to work as a research or teaching assistant.\\n1-5. Intern with a criminal defense lawyer.\\nMany small law firms need clerical and support staff assistance in the summer but also throughout the year. You can work part-time for a criminal defense lawyer as you work toward your undergraduate degree. Doing so will give you a taste of what criminal defense work is like.\\n1-6. Study for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\\nThe LSAT is by far the most important part of your application, and you will need a score around the 50 percentile in order to get into an accredited law school.\\nBecause of the recent decline in law school applicants, law schools are giving away more scholarships than ever before. A high LSAT will help you qualify for free money from your law school of choice.\\n1-7. Register for the test.\\nThe LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath.\\n\\nCreate a free account at the Law School Admission Counsel’s (“LSAC”) website.\\nFind a test date and location. To do this, start on LSAC’s Law School Admission Counsel’s website Dates and Deadlines page.\\n1-8. Study for the test.\\nThe LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.\\nYour local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams.\\n1-9. Take the test.\\nThe LSAT has five multiple choice sections and one unscored essay. Four of the five multiple choice sections count toward your score. The fifth is experimental and does not count toward your score. Unfortunately, you will not know in advance which section is experimental.\\nFollow the rules for test day very carefully. If you fail to follow any of the test day rules, you may not be allowed to take the test.\\n1-10. Retake if your score is low.\\nApplicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score doesn’t improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.\\nOn average, test takers are able to increase their score only two to three points on a re-take.\\n2. Preparing to Apply to Law School\\n2-1. Decide if being a lawyer is really for you.\\nLaw schools are full of students who sign up thinking that law is an easy way to make big money when in reality there is nothing easy about it. Lawyers (including defense lawyers) work long hours, cope with stress, and struggle to get along with opposing counsel, clients, bosses, and judges.\\nNow might be a good time to think about how you will finance your legal education. The cost of a legal education has exploded in the past decade. Students routinely pay over $30,000 a year in tuition alone, which does not include additional costs for living expenses. If you are not careful, you could graduate law school $200,000 in debt.\\nThe dramatic rise in tuition coincides with a slow-down in hiring of attorneys. According to the American Bar Association, less than 60% of law graduates were employed in full-time, long-term jobs that required a law degree. Other graduates are trying to piece together part-time legal jobs or working out of the legal field altogether.\\n2-2. Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).\\nCAS is used by all law schools. You send them your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluation; they create a packet and send it to the law school. The service requires a fee.\\nRegister early and make sure to get your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner.\\n2-3. Solicit letters of recommendation.\\nNow is the time to draw on the relationships you have built up with faculty during your undergraduate career. Ask your professors if they can write you a strong letter of recommendation. Only follow through if that professor says “yes.”\\nIf you didn’t build strong relationships with faculty, don’t despair. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as from people associated with church or volunteer organizations.\\nSome recommenders may need to be prompted to complete the letter. Send a friendly email reminder, or stop in to chat.\\n2-4. Draft a personal statement.\\nLaw schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.\\nFollow the directions. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. Also, if they give you a word limit, stick to the limit. Going over, by even a few words, can harm your chances of admission.\\nFeel free to write about your interest in criminal defense law. Note, however, that law schools do not offer majors, not even in criminal law. Consequently, don’t say you want to apply to a school to “major” in something. Instead, state why you think the school will help you fulfill your dream of practicing criminal defense.\\n2-5. Think about writing an addendum.\\nAn addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.”\\nAn addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.\\n3. Choosing a Law School\\n3-1. Think about where you want to practice.\\nOnly a handful of law schools have national reach. Instead, most law schools place their graduates in the local legal community, usually in small firms or local government agencies. You should therefore pick a law school in an area where you want to practice.\\nYou should always ask any prospective law school for its job placement statistics. Over the past few years, a sea change has occurred with respect to the way schools collect job placement data. Now schools must include much more detailed information about the employment rates of recent graduates.\\nPay attention to the number of students who get “full-time jobs requiring a JD” after graduation. Other employment statistics will fold in people who are working part-time or who are working in a field that doesn’t require a law degree.\\n3-2. Compare costs.\\nAs you compare law schools, you should always have costs in the forefront of your mind. You might assume that public schools are always cheaper than private schools, but that is not always the case. The tuition for out-of-state law students is often comparable to the tuition of a private school.\\nIf you want to move to a state and hope to qualify as an in-state resident, contact the law school’s admissions office for information.\\n3-3. Research clinical opportunities.\\nOne of the best ways to gain criminal defense experience is to participate in a law school clinic. Under the supervision of a clinical faculty member, you will provide real legal services to people caught in the criminal justice system. As part of your clinical experience, you may arrange jail releases, interview clients and witnesses, negotiate with prosecutors and even try cases before judges and juries.\\nVisit the website for each lawsuit and check to see what clinical opportunities they have. Criminal law clinics are fairly popular with law schools, since there is no shortage of clients in need of assistance.\\nSome magazines or websites rank law school clinical programs. Do not get too caught up in ranking. You are unlikely to get a job because you participated in a “ranked” clinical program. Instead, ask schools about: the number of students who can take the criminal defense clinic, what kinds of tasks they do, whether they can participate in trials, and whether they can take the clinic as a 2L (or even as a 1L).\\n3-4. Study schools.\\nChoosing a law school for some will be quite easy. Those who plan to stay in the area where they currently reside may only have 1 or 2 options. For others, the choice might be more difficult. In addition to costs, applicants should consider:\\nCurriculum. The basic curriculum for first year students is pretty much the same at any law school, but after the first year, the classes available might be very different. Look for a curriculum with plenty of criminal law cases.\\nLibrary and other facilities. You will likely be spending a lot of time in the library while attending law school, so be sure that the library has quality resource materials and hours that will work with your schedule.\\nAccreditation. You want to be sure that the law school you choose to attend is accredited by the American Bar Association (“ABA”), as you might not be able to sit for the bar examination if your school is not. To check that the law school you wish to attend is accredited, check the ABA’s ABA Approved Law Schools page.\\nTrial advocacy programs. More than other lawyers, criminal defense attorneys must be effective trial attorneys. Many law schools offer trial advocacy programs. These programs teach students the ins and outs of the entire trial process, from creating effective exhibits and questioning witnesses, to delivering effective opening and closing statements. Law schools often field trial advocacy teams that compete in national competitions.\\nSolo practitioner incubators. Some law schools have realized that many of their students become solo practitioners. Therefore, they have created programs designed to help students hit the ground running as solos once they graduate and pass the bar. Since many criminal defense lawyers work as solo practitioners, you may be interested in a school that offers an incubator program.\\n3-5. Use your GPA and LSAT score to find appropriate schools.\\nThese are the two most important factors in law school admissions, and schools will rely on them heavily. Because application fees can be expensive (sometimes close to $100), you will want to be selective about which schools you apply to. Look for schools where your GPA and LSAT fall near the school’s medians.\\nYou can gauge your likelihood of gaining admission to specific schools by using the LSAC calculator. Enter your undergraduate GPA and LSAC score to see your chances.\\nIf you have a 3.5 GPA and a 155 LSAT, then you have a 25% chance of getting into Arizona State, a 50% chance of getting into Michigan State, and a 75% chance of getting into the University of Miami.\\n3-6. Apply to multiple law schools.\\nApplying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don’t get into any school, then you will have to wait a year before applying.\\nFor some great tips on completing law school applications see the University of New Mexico’s Tips on How to Make your Application as Competitive as Possible.\\n4. Earning a Law Degree\\n4-1. Take required courses.\\nLaw schools generally require 90 credits or so, spread out over 3 years. Your first year will consist mostly of basic courses: torts, contracts, property, civil procedure, criminal law, and constitutional law.\\nMost criminal defense attorneys work in small firms. However, some do white-collar criminal defense work for wealthy individuals or corporations. White collar criminal defense attorneys are employed by some of the largest firms in the country. If you want to do this type of work, then you will need to do very well in your first-year classes, finishing near the top of your class.\\nVisit your career services office and ask if they have information on the GPA required to be competitive at the large firms in your market.\\n4-2. Join a study group.\\nLaw school is stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.\\nIf you join a study group, stick with it. No one likes people who join a group only to drop out after a month.\\n4-3. Take exams seriously.\\nBefore you can become a lawyer, you have to pass law school. Your grades will also follow you around your entire career. Though the importance of grades decreases over time, poor grades could keep you locked out of jobs, at least initially.\\n4-4. Take criminal law electives as soon as possible.\\nMany law schools allow students to begin taking electives beginning with their second semester. You will want to take courses such as Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and Trial Advocacy.\\n4-5. Look for internships.\\nAn excellent addition to your legal education would be an internship with a judge, preferably one who handles criminal matters. Look into performing an “externship” with a federal judge or a state criminal court judge. Most law schools allow externships for credit. If interested, contact your career center for more information.\\nAs a judicial extern, you will get an up-close view of how judges decide cases, and you will understand what arguments they find persuasive and which ones they don’t. As an extern, you will research case law, draft portions of memos or bench orders, and watch oral arguments.\\nYou can also intern with a public defender’s office. This is a great way to begin building your reputation and gaining experience in criminal law. You will work closely with a public defender on his or her cases and probably go to court with them as well.\\n4-6. Work as a summer associate for a criminal defense attorney.\\nDuring the summers you can work for attorneys as a clerk or a summer associate. You should begin looking for these opportunities in the spring semester. Larger firms will advertise through your school’s career center. However, you can also send out a copy of your resume and transcript and ask if a position is available.\\nYou might get paid, but money should not be the primary purpose of a summer job. Instead, you should begin building your reputation. Be sure to do top-notch work, no matter how boring the assignment.\\nOnce you graduate law school, you might not have a job. If you did good work as a summer associate, however, you can reach out to the attorney and ask for work after you graduate. You may only get piecemeal overflow work, but it can help pay the bills and give you additional experience.\\nBe sure to get writing experience in your summer jobs. Employers usually ask for a writing sample when you apply for a job, and it is best to have a “real world” writing sample, such as a motion or brief, than a writing assignment you did for a legal writing class in law school.\\n4-7. Pass the MPRE.\\nThe Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam has 60 questions and tests your knowledge of legal ethics. You will take the exam in your third year of law school.\\n5. Obtaining Your Law License\\n5-1. Apply for admittance to a state bar.\\nEach state admits its own lawyers and administers its own bar exam, so check with the bar of the state where you wish to practice. They will provide you with a list of the necessary steps to take.\\n5-2. Register for the bar exam.\\nNearly every state requires that you pass a written exam. The exam typically includes an essay portion as well as a multiple choice test.\\nThe bar exam is typically offered twice a year—once during the summer (June or July) and once the winter (usually February). If you have to take the bar exam over, you have to pay each time you take it.\\n5-3. Prepare for the bar exam.\\nPrep courses abound. They typically last several months and prepare you for both the essay and multiple choice portions of the bar exam. Costs can run up to several thousand dollars.\\nIf costs are a concern, then you can seek out old study guides published by bar prep companies. Many people sell old guides on eBay and other online retailers.\\n5-4. Fill out the background survey.\\nIn addition to passing the bar exam, you also need to pass a character and fitness review. This requires filling out a detailed survey on your background.\\nCommon problems with character and fitness include criminal convictions, financial irresponsibility (such as bankruptcy), and accusations of plagiarism. These may not completely block you from admission, but be prepared to discuss them with the character and fitness committee.\\nAlways be honest when filling out the background survey. Often the attempt to hide something is worse than the offense in the first place.\\n5-5. Take the bar examination.\\nThe bar exam is typically held over the course of 2 days. The first day consists of a multiple-choice exam covering topics such as contracts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and torts. The second day, consisting of essays, is often state-specific.\\nExpect to wait several months to receive your score. In Illinois, for example, those who take the exam in July will not receive their results until the first two weeks of October.\\n6. Starting as a Criminal Defense Lawyer\\n6-1. Understand the job market for criminal defense lawyers.\\nSome law students who attend highly-ranked schools and graduate at the top of their class will get offers while in law school to join large national firms to work as associates practicing white collar law. This will not be the reality for the vast majority of new attorneys. To build a criminal defense practice, you need to understand how different legal employers hire.\\nLarge law firms. They typically hire students to work as summer associates after their 2L year. Often, they come onto campus and interview immediately before the start of the 2L year (or during that fall) and extend an offer shortly thereafter. After you work as a summer associate during your 2L summer, the firm will decide whether to extend an offer to join the firm full-time. These jobs are very difficult to get, and you will need a high GPA to be competitive.\\nDistrict attorney offices and public defenders. In addition to prosecutors, both the state and the federal governments have public defender offices that provide free legal defense for indigent defendants. Both district attorneys and public defenders will often come onto your campus for interviews. These agencies are also quite selective.\\nMedium and small firms. Smaller firms may also come onto campus for interviewing, but most cannot forecast their employment needs in advance. Therefore, they probably won’t hire many summer associates, if any. When a job opens up, these firms will advertise, and they probably will want you to already have passed the bar before you apply. You probably won’t apply to these jobs until after you graduate law school.\\n6-2. Participate in On-Campus Interviews (OCI).\\nIf firms or agencies come onto your campus for interviews, you might as well sign up if your grades are even somewhat competitive. Going through the interview process will help you hone your interviewing skills. Your career services office will send out detailed requirements for participating in OCI, such as preparing a resume and ordering copies of your transcript.\\n6-3. Search online for job postings.\\nSmaller firms often advertise online. You can check Craigslist, job aggregators like Indeed.com, and with your state bar association, which may have a job board. You will be asked to forward a resume, cover letter, and writing sample, so have those ready to go.\\n6-4. Set up informational interviews.\\nAfter taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.\\nIn the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.\\nDevelop a list of questions (at least five) and take notes. Be engaged.\\nAsk the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterward.\\n6-5. Reach out to former employers.\\nIf you cannot find a job after passing the bar, reconnect with attorneys you worked for during the summer or part-time during the school year. They may have overflow work for you to do, such as research assignments, court appointments, or briefing.\\nYou can also cold call other criminal defense attorneys and ask if they have any overflow work. If you do not have a job, you should be most focused on building your reputation and not be picky about how much you get paid. If you do good work for low wages (or even for free), then the attorney may come back to you with additional work.\\n6-6. Get the first job.\\nEven if the criminal defense is your dream, you might need to take another legal job simply to pay the bills. Ideally, you could work as a prosecutor and see the criminal justice system from the other side for a few years. You also might be employed as a transactional attorney, an insurance claims adjuster, or working as a legal research assistant.\\nUnless you work as a prosecutor, you can seek out pro bono criminal defense work on your own. Many states maintain databases of organizations seeking pro bono assistance. Religious charities and immigration organizations often seek criminal defense attorneys to counsel clients.\\n6-7. Seek out court-appointed work.\\nSome states or counties lack a public defender office. In those places, courts will select an attorney from a panel to represent the defendant. You will typically bill your time to the court, though the amount you can get will be capped. Ask your local court if they appoint criminal defense matters and sign up if they do.\\nEven some areas with public defenders often need a panel of private attorneys in case the public defender has a conflict. You should ask your local court about this possibility as well.\\n6-8. Stay connected to the criminal defense community.\\nAs your career advances, be sure to continue to raise your profile by offering continuing legal education courses, joining bar association committees, and joining national organizations like the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.\\nYou can also seek board certification in criminal law if your state offers it. You may have to take an exam and meet minimum practice requirements, such as practicing for a number of years and dedicating a certain percentage of your practice to criminal law.\\nTips\\nIf you’re unable to pay the application fee for the law school you are interested in attending, contact the administration and ask if the fee can be waived.\\nMost law schools will have an administrator whose only job is addressing financial aid issues. Ask him or her to point you in the direction of loans, grants, or scholarships you might qualify for.\\nAsk one of your professors who has practiced criminal law in the past for suggestions on which classes will be most helpful to a future defense attorney.\\nWarnings\\nMany of your clients are guilty. Also, if you’re working as a public defender rather than a private defense attorney, many of your clients will doubt your motivations, feel that you are not a “real” attorney, and be evasive or unpleasant. Even if you do excellent work on a client’s case, you must be prepared for the possibility of never receiving a thank you.\\nLaw used to have a reputation as a stable career choice for risk-averse people. However, the legal profession has changed dramatically since the Great Recession. New attorneys may feel like they are freelancers, trying to pick up work here and there for minimal wages. Even experienced attorneys can be let go of their firm at a moment’s notice. You should talk to new attorneys and ask about their day-to-day experiences.\\nA lot of people will not approve of your career choice. They think that your job is to “get guilty people off,” and will present you with worst-case scenarios (i.e. a former client who you just got out of jail goes out and murders someone the next day). This will never change, so you have to be secure enough in your reasons for practicing criminal defense to ignore them.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A person charged with a crime that could lead to imprisonment for at least six months has a Constitutional right to an attorney, regardless of whether they are innocent or not. For this reason, there will always be a need for criminal defense lawyers. As a criminal defense lawyer, you will safeguard your client’s Constitutional rights, making sure that the state proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt before they deny your client of liberty. Although the road to becoming a criminal defense attorney is long, it is a rewarding career for those suited to the job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Qualifying for Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get into law school, you first need a bachelor’s degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university. It does not matter what kind of bachelor’s degree you get, but most pre-law students obtain bachelor’s degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.\\nMake sure the school you choose is accredited. To ensure that the school you choose is accredited, check the U.S. Department of Education’s (“DOE”) Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs for a listing.\\nYou do not need to major in “criminal justice” as an undergraduate. In fact, criminal justice majors are admitted to law schools are admitted at a lower rate than those who majored in journalism, philosophy, or economics. Although you will not be penalized for majoring in criminal justice, there is no automatic benefit in law school admissions for having done so.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice public speaking.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most important skills you will need as an attorney is the confidence to speak in front of anyone. You can begin to develop this skill while in college. Join debate or public speaking clubs.\\nYou will also want to strengthen your research and writing skills, so you should take classes that allow you to write long research papers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your grades up.\", \"描述\": \"Not everyone gets into law school. To increase your chances of getting in, keep your grades up. You want to graduate with at least a 3.0, but of course a 3.5 or 4.0 would be even better. Admissions committees view a high GPA as an indicator that you are a hard worker who is self-motivated.\\nThe higher your undergraduate GPA, the more selective you can be about what schools to apply to. Even if you do not care about the rank of the law school you attend, a higher GPA makes scholarships easier to get.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build relationships with professors.\", \"描述\": \"When you apply to law school, you will need to submit letters of recommendation. Make the most of your four years in college by building relationships with professors who can write you strong recommendations.\\nA great way to build relationships with faculty is to work as a research or teaching assistant.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Intern with a criminal defense lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"Many small law firms need clerical and support staff assistance in the summer but also throughout the year. You can work part-time for a criminal defense lawyer as you work toward your undergraduate degree. Doing so will give you a taste of what criminal defense work is like.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Study for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is by far the most important part of your application, and you will need a score around the 50 percentile in order to get into an accredited law school.\\nBecause of the recent decline in law school applicants, law schools are giving away more scholarships than ever before. A high LSAT will help you qualify for free money from your law school of choice.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Register for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath.\\n\\nCreate a free account at the Law School Admission Counsel’s (“LSAC”) website.\\nFind a test date and location. To do this, start on LSAC’s Law School Admission Counsel’s website Dates and Deadlines page.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Study for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.\\nYour local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Take the test.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT has five multiple choice sections and one unscored essay. Four of the five multiple choice sections count toward your score. The fifth is experimental and does not count toward your score. Unfortunately, you will not know in advance which section is experimental.\\nFollow the rules for test day very carefully. If you fail to follow any of the test day rules, you may not be allowed to take the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Retake if your score is low.\", \"描述\": \"Applicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score doesn’t improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.\\nOn average, test takers are able to increase their score only two to three points on a re-take.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing to Apply to Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if being a lawyer is really for you.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools are full of students who sign up thinking that law is an easy way to make big money when in reality there is nothing easy about it. Lawyers (including defense lawyers) work long hours, cope with stress, and struggle to get along with opposing counsel, clients, bosses, and judges.\\nNow might be a good time to think about how you will finance your legal education. The cost of a legal education has exploded in the past decade. Students routinely pay over $30,000 a year in tuition alone, which does not include additional costs for living expenses. If you are not careful, you could graduate law school $200,000 in debt.\\nThe dramatic rise in tuition coincides with a slow-down in hiring of attorneys. According to the American Bar Association, less than 60% of law graduates were employed in full-time, long-term jobs that required a law degree. Other graduates are trying to piece together part-time legal jobs or working out of the legal field altogether.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).\", \"描述\": \"CAS is used by all law schools. You send them your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluation; they create a packet and send it to the law school. The service requires a fee.\\nRegister early and make sure to get your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Solicit letters of recommendation.\", \"描述\": \"Now is the time to draw on the relationships you have built up with faculty during your undergraduate career. Ask your professors if they can write you a strong letter of recommendation. Only follow through if that professor says “yes.”\\nIf you didn’t build strong relationships with faculty, don’t despair. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as from people associated with church or volunteer organizations.\\nSome recommenders may need to be prompted to complete the letter. Send a friendly email reminder, or stop in to chat.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Draft a personal statement.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.\\nFollow the directions. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. Also, if they give you a word limit, stick to the limit. Going over, by even a few words, can harm your chances of admission.\\nFeel free to write about your interest in criminal defense law. Note, however, that law schools do not offer majors, not even in criminal law. Consequently, don’t say you want to apply to a school to “major” in something. Instead, state why you think the school will help you fulfill your dream of practicing criminal defense.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Think about writing an addendum.\", \"描述\": \"An addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.”\\nAn addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choosing a Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think about where you want to practice.\", \"描述\": \"Only a handful of law schools have national reach. Instead, most law schools place their graduates in the local legal community, usually in small firms or local government agencies. You should therefore pick a law school in an area where you want to practice.\\nYou should always ask any prospective law school for its job placement statistics. Over the past few years, a sea change has occurred with respect to the way schools collect job placement data. Now schools must include much more detailed information about the employment rates of recent graduates.\\nPay attention to the number of students who get “full-time jobs requiring a JD” after graduation. Other employment statistics will fold in people who are working part-time or who are working in a field that doesn’t require a law degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Compare costs.\", \"描述\": \"As you compare law schools, you should always have costs in the forefront of your mind. You might assume that public schools are always cheaper than private schools, but that is not always the case. The tuition for out-of-state law students is often comparable to the tuition of a private school.\\nIf you want to move to a state and hope to qualify as an in-state resident, contact the law school’s admissions office for information.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research clinical opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to gain criminal defense experience is to participate in a law school clinic. Under the supervision of a clinical faculty member, you will provide real legal services to people caught in the criminal justice system. As part of your clinical experience, you may arrange jail releases, interview clients and witnesses, negotiate with prosecutors and even try cases before judges and juries.\\nVisit the website for each lawsuit and check to see what clinical opportunities they have. Criminal law clinics are fairly popular with law schools, since there is no shortage of clients in need of assistance.\\nSome magazines or websites rank law school clinical programs. Do not get too caught up in ranking. You are unlikely to get a job because you participated in a “ranked” clinical program. Instead, ask schools about: the number of students who can take the criminal defense clinic, what kinds of tasks they do, whether they can participate in trials, and whether they can take the clinic as a 2L (or even as a 1L).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study schools.\", \"描述\": \"Choosing a law school for some will be quite easy. Those who plan to stay in the area where they currently reside may only have 1 or 2 options. For others, the choice might be more difficult. In addition to costs, applicants should consider:\\nCurriculum. The basic curriculum for first year students is pretty much the same at any law school, but after the first year, the classes available might be very different. Look for a curriculum with plenty of criminal law cases.\\nLibrary and other facilities. You will likely be spending a lot of time in the library while attending law school, so be sure that the library has quality resource materials and hours that will work with your schedule.\\nAccreditation. You want to be sure that the law school you choose to attend is accredited by the American Bar Association (“ABA”), as you might not be able to sit for the bar examination if your school is not. To check that the law school you wish to attend is accredited, check the ABA’s ABA Approved Law Schools page.\\nTrial advocacy programs. More than other lawyers, criminal defense attorneys must be effective trial attorneys. Many law schools offer trial advocacy programs. These programs teach students the ins and outs of the entire trial process, from creating effective exhibits and questioning witnesses, to delivering effective opening and closing statements. Law schools often field trial advocacy teams that compete in national competitions.\\nSolo practitioner incubators. Some law schools have realized that many of their students become solo practitioners. Therefore, they have created programs designed to help students hit the ground running as solos once they graduate and pass the bar. Since many criminal defense lawyers work as solo practitioners, you may be interested in a school that offers an incubator program.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use your GPA and LSAT score to find appropriate schools.\", \"描述\": \"These are the two most important factors in law school admissions, and schools will rely on them heavily. Because application fees can be expensive (sometimes close to $100), you will want to be selective about which schools you apply to. Look for schools where your GPA and LSAT fall near the school’s medians.\\nYou can gauge your likelihood of gaining admission to specific schools by using the LSAC calculator. Enter your undergraduate GPA and LSAC score to see your chances.\\nIf you have a 3.5 GPA and a 155 LSAT, then you have a 25% chance of getting into Arizona State, a 50% chance of getting into Michigan State, and a 75% chance of getting into the University of Miami.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply to multiple law schools.\", \"描述\": \"Applying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don’t get into any school, then you will have to wait a year before applying.\\nFor some great tips on completing law school applications see the University of New Mexico’s Tips on How to Make your Application as Competitive as Possible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Earning a Law Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take required courses.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools generally require 90 credits or so, spread out over 3 years. Your first year will consist mostly of basic courses: torts, contracts, property, civil procedure, criminal law, and constitutional law.\\nMost criminal defense attorneys work in small firms. However, some do white-collar criminal defense work for wealthy individuals or corporations. White collar criminal defense attorneys are employed by some of the largest firms in the country. If you want to do this type of work, then you will need to do very well in your first-year classes, finishing near the top of your class.\\nVisit your career services office and ask if they have information on the GPA required to be competitive at the large firms in your market.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a study group.\", \"描述\": \"Law school is stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.\\nIf you join a study group, stick with it. No one likes people who join a group only to drop out after a month.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take exams seriously.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can become a lawyer, you have to pass law school. Your grades will also follow you around your entire career. Though the importance of grades decreases over time, poor grades could keep you locked out of jobs, at least initially.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take criminal law electives as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Many law schools allow students to begin taking electives beginning with their second semester. You will want to take courses such as Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and Trial Advocacy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look for internships.\", \"描述\": \"An excellent addition to your legal education would be an internship with a judge, preferably one who handles criminal matters. Look into performing an “externship” with a federal judge or a state criminal court judge. Most law schools allow externships for credit. If interested, contact your career center for more information.\\nAs a judicial extern, you will get an up-close view of how judges decide cases, and you will understand what arguments they find persuasive and which ones they don’t. As an extern, you will research case law, draft portions of memos or bench orders, and watch oral arguments.\\nYou can also intern with a public defender’s office. This is a great way to begin building your reputation and gaining experience in criminal law. You will work closely with a public defender on his or her cases and probably go to court with them as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Work as a summer associate for a criminal defense attorney.\", \"描述\": \"During the summers you can work for attorneys as a clerk or a summer associate. You should begin looking for these opportunities in the spring semester. Larger firms will advertise through your school’s career center. However, you can also send out a copy of your resume and transcript and ask if a position is available.\\nYou might get paid, but money should not be the primary purpose of a summer job. Instead, you should begin building your reputation. Be sure to do top-notch work, no matter how boring the assignment.\\nOnce you graduate law school, you might not have a job. If you did good work as a summer associate, however, you can reach out to the attorney and ask for work after you graduate. You may only get piecemeal overflow work, but it can help pay the bills and give you additional experience.\\nBe sure to get writing experience in your summer jobs. Employers usually ask for a writing sample when you apply for a job, and it is best to have a “real world” writing sample, such as a motion or brief, than a writing assignment you did for a legal writing class in law school.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass the MPRE.\", \"描述\": \"The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam has 60 questions and tests your knowledge of legal ethics. You will take the exam in your third year of law school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Your Law License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for admittance to a state bar.\", \"描述\": \"Each state admits its own lawyers and administers its own bar exam, so check with the bar of the state where you wish to practice. They will provide you with a list of the necessary steps to take.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Register for the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"Nearly every state requires that you pass a written exam. The exam typically includes an essay portion as well as a multiple choice test.\\nThe bar exam is typically offered twice a year—once during the summer (June or July) and once the winter (usually February). If you have to take the bar exam over, you have to pay each time you take it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"Prep courses abound. They typically last several months and prepare you for both the essay and multiple choice portions of the bar exam. Costs can run up to several thousand dollars.\\nIf costs are a concern, then you can seek out old study guides published by bar prep companies. Many people sell old guides on eBay and other online retailers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill out the background survey.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to passing the bar exam, you also need to pass a character and fitness review. This requires filling out a detailed survey on your background.\\nCommon problems with character and fitness include criminal convictions, financial irresponsibility (such as bankruptcy), and accusations of plagiarism. These may not completely block you from admission, but be prepared to discuss them with the character and fitness committee.\\nAlways be honest when filling out the background survey. Often the attempt to hide something is worse than the offense in the first place.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the bar examination.\", \"描述\": \"The bar exam is typically held over the course of 2 days. The first day consists of a multiple-choice exam covering topics such as contracts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and torts. The second day, consisting of essays, is often state-specific.\\nExpect to wait several months to receive your score. In Illinois, for example, those who take the exam in July will not receive their results until the first two weeks of October.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Starting as a Criminal Defense Lawyer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the job market for criminal defense lawyers.\", \"描述\": \"Some law students who attend highly-ranked schools and graduate at the top of their class will get offers while in law school to join large national firms to work as associates practicing white collar law. This will not be the reality for the vast majority of new attorneys. To build a criminal defense practice, you need to understand how different legal employers hire.\\nLarge law firms. They typically hire students to work as summer associates after their 2L year. Often, they come onto campus and interview immediately before the start of the 2L year (or during that fall) and extend an offer shortly thereafter. After you work as a summer associate during your 2L summer, the firm will decide whether to extend an offer to join the firm full-time. These jobs are very difficult to get, and you will need a high GPA to be competitive.\\nDistrict attorney offices and public defenders. In addition to prosecutors, both the state and the federal governments have public defender offices that provide free legal defense for indigent defendants. Both district attorneys and public defenders will often come onto your campus for interviews. These agencies are also quite selective.\\nMedium and small firms. Smaller firms may also come onto campus for interviewing, but most cannot forecast their employment needs in advance. Therefore, they probably won’t hire many summer associates, if any. When a job opens up, these firms will advertise, and they probably will want you to already have passed the bar before you apply. You probably won’t apply to these jobs until after you graduate law school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Participate in On-Campus Interviews (OCI).\", \"描述\": \"If firms or agencies come onto your campus for interviews, you might as well sign up if your grades are even somewhat competitive. Going through the interview process will help you hone your interviewing skills. Your career services office will send out detailed requirements for participating in OCI, such as preparing a resume and ordering copies of your transcript.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search online for job postings.\", \"描述\": \"Smaller firms often advertise online. You can check Craigslist, job aggregators like Indeed.com, and with your state bar association, which may have a job board. You will be asked to forward a resume, cover letter, and writing sample, so have those ready to go.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set up informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"After taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.\\nIn the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.\\nDevelop a list of questions (at least five) and take notes. Be engaged.\\nAsk the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterward.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Reach out to former employers.\", \"描述\": \"If you cannot find a job after passing the bar, reconnect with attorneys you worked for during the summer or part-time during the school year. They may have overflow work for you to do, such as research assignments, court appointments, or briefing.\\nYou can also cold call other criminal defense attorneys and ask if they have any overflow work. If you do not have a job, you should be most focused on building your reputation and not be picky about how much you get paid. If you do good work for low wages (or even for free), then the attorney may come back to you with additional work.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get the first job.\", \"描述\": \"Even if the criminal defense is your dream, you might need to take another legal job simply to pay the bills. Ideally, you could work as a prosecutor and see the criminal justice system from the other side for a few years. You also might be employed as a transactional attorney, an insurance claims adjuster, or working as a legal research assistant.\\nUnless you work as a prosecutor, you can seek out pro bono criminal defense work on your own. Many states maintain databases of organizations seeking pro bono assistance. Religious charities and immigration organizations often seek criminal defense attorneys to counsel clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Seek out court-appointed work.\", \"描述\": \"Some states or counties lack a public defender office. In those places, courts will select an attorney from a panel to represent the defendant. You will typically bill your time to the court, though the amount you can get will be capped. Ask your local court if they appoint criminal defense matters and sign up if they do.\\nEven some areas with public defenders often need a panel of private attorneys in case the public defender has a conflict. You should ask your local court about this possibility as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Stay connected to the criminal defense community.\", \"描述\": \"As your career advances, be sure to continue to raise your profile by offering continuing legal education courses, joining bar association committees, and joining national organizations like the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.\\nYou can also seek board certification in criminal law if your state offers it. You may have to take an exam and meet minimum practice requirements, such as practicing for a number of years and dedicating a certain percentage of your practice to criminal law.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you’re unable to pay the application fee for the law school you are interested in attending, contact the administration and ask if the fee can be waived.\\n\", \"Most law schools will have an administrator whose only job is addressing financial aid issues. Ask him or her to point you in the direction of loans, grants, or scholarships you might qualify for.\\n\", \"Ask one of your professors who has practiced criminal law in the past for suggestions on which classes will be most helpful to a future defense attorney.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Many of your clients are guilty. Also, if you’re working as a public defender rather than a private defense attorney, many of your clients will doubt your motivations, feel that you are not a “real” attorney, and be evasive or unpleasant. Even if you do excellent work on a client’s case, you must be prepared for the possibility of never receiving a thank you.\\n\", \"Law used to have a reputation as a stable career choice for risk-averse people. However, the legal profession has changed dramatically since the Great Recession. New attorneys may feel like they are freelancers, trying to pick up work here and there for minimal wages. Even experienced attorneys can be let go of their firm at a moment’s notice. You should talk to new attorneys and ask about their day-to-day experiences.\\n\", \"A lot of people will not approve of your career choice. They think that your job is to “get guilty people off,” and will present you with worst-case scenarios (i.e. a former client who you just got out of jail goes out and murders someone the next day). This will never change, so you have to be secure enough in your reasons for practicing criminal defense to ignore them.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,309 |
How to Become a Criminal Psychologist
|
1. Meeting Educational Requirements
1-1. Finish your bachelor’s degree.
A BA or BS is required for admission to any doctoral program. If you’re already studying Psychology as an undergraduate, you may have a leg up on the competition. While not all doctoral programs in Psychology strictly require a BA in Psychology for admission, it may help your chances.
If you are not majoring in Psychology, consider earning a minor in Psychology or Criminal Justice.
1-2. Take the General and Psychology GRE exams.
You'll need to take the GRE to get into any graduate programs. Nearly all Criminal Psychology doctoral programs require applicants to take these two GRE exams, which will be offered at different testing centers on different days. The GRE exams will test your critical thinking and writing skills, and your general proficiency in undergrad-level psychology.
In order to sign up for the General and Psychology GRE tests, you’ll need to set up an account with ETS (the company that provides the tests). You can make an account and register for the exams here: https://www.ets.org/gre/subject/register/.
1-3. Send your GRE scores to the universities you’re applying to.
The university admissions departments will expect to receive these scores electronically, and may not consider your application until the scores are in-hand. Through the ETS website, you can select specific schools to send the scores to.
If you know which schools you’ll apply to before you take the GRE(s), you can have your scores sent to Ph.D. program admissions departments immediately after you finish the tests.
1-4. Apply to doctoral programs in Criminal Psychology.
Look for Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs that offer a degree in Clinical Psychology and allow a specialization in Forensic or Criminal Psychology. Alternately, Ph.D. or Psy. D. programs may offer a specialization in Clinical Forensic Psychology.
U.S. universities that offer a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in Criminal or Forensic Psychology include Harvard, Stanford, Notre Dame, and the University of Pennsylvania.
The Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy) focuses on theory and research. The Psy.D. (doctor of psychology) focuses on practice and experience.
1-5. Find a criminal psychology internship opportunity.
An internship is an integral part of most Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs in criminal psychology. Finding a good internship program can take time, but your Department and faculty advisor will help you. Finding an internship is competitive, but it will provide important knowledge and experience for your eventual certification as a criminal psychologist.
Your internship may be with a practicing clinical psychologist, with a police department, or in a prison or juvenile detention facility.
1-6. Pursue a post-doctorate fellowship in criminal psychology.
While a post-doc is not required for most criminal psychology jobs, it will increase your chances of being hired. Criminal psychology is a competitive field, and a post-doc will give you a leg up over other candidates with a Ph.D.
You may also be able to find a post-doc in forensic psychology. While the fields are not the same, they substantially overlap.
2. Becoming Licensed as a Criminal Psychologist
2-1. Complete the required licensure hours.
Before you can become a fully licensed psychologist, you will need to complete a predetermined number of supervised practice hours. In these supervised hours, you’ll see clients and do other work in the criminal psychology field, while overseen by a professional.
If your internship supervisor appreciated your work as an intern, they may hire you back for your licensing hours. Otherwise, speak with your academic advisors and professors, and ask for their help finding a position in which to complete your licensure hours.
The number of hours required for licensure vary from state to state in the U.S. It’s not uncommon for a state to require 3,000 supervised hours for licensure.
2-2. Pass the exam offered by your state’s Board of Psychology.
Once you’ve completed your doctoral degree, you need to pass a written examination, provided by the state. This will begin your criminal psychology certification process. Contact the Board of Psychology to enquire about and register for the exam.
Certification requirements can vary by state. To determine the requirements for the state in which you plan to practice criminal psychology, consult the state’s Board of Psychology.
For example, if you’re trying to contact the Minnesota Board of Psychology, visit: https://mn.gov/boards/psychology/.
2-3. Earn a certification in criminal psychology.
The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) awards certification to psychology professionals who have specialized in one area of psychological practice.
To learn more about the certification process, and to apply for the certification, visit: https://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3349.
While not every state requires the ABPP certification prior to practicing criminal psychology, it will make you a more competitive job applicant in the field.
2-4. Apply for jobs in the criminal psychology field.
Criminal psychology jobs are competitive, and often tough to get. Recent doctoral graduates—even with postdoc experience and certification—often start out in positions with hospitals, police departments, and government agencies. Your academic and professional contacts can help you locate suitable jobs to apply for.
If you’d like to work as a criminal psychologist in law enforcement—e.g. with the FBI—you’ll need to join a law enforcement organization, such as the local police department. As you gain ranks, you can transition into a criminal psychology role.
Tips
Although the fields of criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, they are not the same. Criminal psychologists exclusively study criminal behavior, with the goal of understanding mindsets that many criminals share. Forensic psychologists, on the other hand, commonly assess the mental health of individuals in the justice system, and testify in court cases concerning criminals with mental-health concerns.[14]
X
Research source
Some Psychology Ph.D. programs will require an MA in Psychology, while others admit applicants with only a BA. Refer to specific program requirements to determine which do, or do not, require the MA.
This article describes how to become a criminal psychologist in the U.S. The process to become a criminal psychologist will be similar in most other countries. You’ll still need to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology and complete various internships and supervised hours before applying to work in the field.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:41",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Educational Requirements\\n1-1. Finish your bachelor’s degree.\\nA BA or BS is required for admission to any doctoral program. If you’re already studying Psychology as an undergraduate, you may have a leg up on the competition. While not all doctoral programs in Psychology strictly require a BA in Psychology for admission, it may help your chances.\\nIf you are not majoring in Psychology, consider earning a minor in Psychology or Criminal Justice.\\n1-2. Take the General and Psychology GRE exams.\\nYou'll need to take the GRE to get into any graduate programs. Nearly all Criminal Psychology doctoral programs require applicants to take these two GRE exams, which will be offered at different testing centers on different days. The GRE exams will test your critical thinking and writing skills, and your general proficiency in undergrad-level psychology.\\nIn order to sign up for the General and Psychology GRE tests, you’ll need to set up an account with ETS (the company that provides the tests). You can make an account and register for the exams here: https://www.ets.org/gre/subject/register/.\\n1-3. Send your GRE scores to the universities you’re applying to.\\nThe university admissions departments will expect to receive these scores electronically, and may not consider your application until the scores are in-hand. Through the ETS website, you can select specific schools to send the scores to.\\nIf you know which schools you’ll apply to before you take the GRE(s), you can have your scores sent to Ph.D. program admissions departments immediately after you finish the tests.\\n1-4. Apply to doctoral programs in Criminal Psychology.\\nLook for Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs that offer a degree in Clinical Psychology and allow a specialization in Forensic or Criminal Psychology. Alternately, Ph.D. or Psy. D. programs may offer a specialization in Clinical Forensic Psychology.\\nU.S. universities that offer a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in Criminal or Forensic Psychology include Harvard, Stanford, Notre Dame, and the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy) focuses on theory and research. The Psy.D. (doctor of psychology) focuses on practice and experience.\\n1-5. Find a criminal psychology internship opportunity.\\nAn internship is an integral part of most Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs in criminal psychology. Finding a good internship program can take time, but your Department and faculty advisor will help you. Finding an internship is competitive, but it will provide important knowledge and experience for your eventual certification as a criminal psychologist.\\nYour internship may be with a practicing clinical psychologist, with a police department, or in a prison or juvenile detention facility.\\n1-6. Pursue a post-doctorate fellowship in criminal psychology.\\nWhile a post-doc is not required for most criminal psychology jobs, it will increase your chances of being hired. Criminal psychology is a competitive field, and a post-doc will give you a leg up over other candidates with a Ph.D.\\nYou may also be able to find a post-doc in forensic psychology. While the fields are not the same, they substantially overlap.\\n2. Becoming Licensed as a Criminal Psychologist\\n2-1. Complete the required licensure hours.\\nBefore you can become a fully licensed psychologist, you will need to complete a predetermined number of supervised practice hours. In these supervised hours, you’ll see clients and do other work in the criminal psychology field, while overseen by a professional.\\nIf your internship supervisor appreciated your work as an intern, they may hire you back for your licensing hours. Otherwise, speak with your academic advisors and professors, and ask for their help finding a position in which to complete your licensure hours.\\nThe number of hours required for licensure vary from state to state in the U.S. It’s not uncommon for a state to require 3,000 supervised hours for licensure.\\n2-2. Pass the exam offered by your state’s Board of Psychology.\\nOnce you’ve completed your doctoral degree, you need to pass a written examination, provided by the state. This will begin your criminal psychology certification process. Contact the Board of Psychology to enquire about and register for the exam.\\nCertification requirements can vary by state. To determine the requirements for the state in which you plan to practice criminal psychology, consult the state’s Board of Psychology.\\nFor example, if you’re trying to contact the Minnesota Board of Psychology, visit: https://mn.gov/boards/psychology/.\\n2-3. Earn a certification in criminal psychology.\\nThe American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) awards certification to psychology professionals who have specialized in one area of psychological practice.\\nTo learn more about the certification process, and to apply for the certification, visit: https://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3349.\\nWhile not every state requires the ABPP certification prior to practicing criminal psychology, it will make you a more competitive job applicant in the field.\\n2-4. Apply for jobs in the criminal psychology field.\\nCriminal psychology jobs are competitive, and often tough to get. Recent doctoral graduates—even with postdoc experience and certification—often start out in positions with hospitals, police departments, and government agencies. Your academic and professional contacts can help you locate suitable jobs to apply for.\\nIf you’d like to work as a criminal psychologist in law enforcement—e.g. with the FBI—you’ll need to join a law enforcement organization, such as the local police department. As you gain ranks, you can transition into a criminal psychology role.\\nTips\\nAlthough the fields of criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, they are not the same. Criminal psychologists exclusively study criminal behavior, with the goal of understanding mindsets that many criminals share. Forensic psychologists, on the other hand, commonly assess the mental health of individuals in the justice system, and testify in court cases concerning criminals with mental-health concerns.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nSome Psychology Ph.D. programs will require an MA in Psychology, while others admit applicants with only a BA. Refer to specific program requirements to determine which do, or do not, require the MA.\\nThis article describes how to become a criminal psychologist in the U.S. The process to become a criminal psychologist will be similar in most other countries. You’ll still need to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology and complete various internships and supervised hours before applying to work in the field.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Criminal psychologists study the behaviors, motives, and intentions of criminals from the point of view of mental health. Criminal psychologists often work alongside law enforcement to help them understand why an individual may have committed a certain crime. In this article, we'll explain the background and education you'll need to get in order to pursue a career as a criminal psychologist.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finish your bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"A BA or BS is required for admission to any doctoral program. If you’re already studying Psychology as an undergraduate, you may have a leg up on the competition. While not all doctoral programs in Psychology strictly require a BA in Psychology for admission, it may help your chances.\\nIf you are not majoring in Psychology, consider earning a minor in Psychology or Criminal Justice.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the General and Psychology GRE exams.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need to take the GRE to get into any graduate programs. Nearly all Criminal Psychology doctoral programs require applicants to take these two GRE exams, which will be offered at different testing centers on different days. The GRE exams will test your critical thinking and writing skills, and your general proficiency in undergrad-level psychology.\\nIn order to sign up for the General and Psychology GRE tests, you’ll need to set up an account with ETS (the company that provides the tests). You can make an account and register for the exams here: https://www.ets.org/gre/subject/register/.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Send your GRE scores to the universities you’re applying to.\", \"描述\": \"The university admissions departments will expect to receive these scores electronically, and may not consider your application until the scores are in-hand. Through the ETS website, you can select specific schools to send the scores to.\\nIf you know which schools you’ll apply to before you take the GRE(s), you can have your scores sent to Ph.D. program admissions departments immediately after you finish the tests.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to doctoral programs in Criminal Psychology.\", \"描述\": \"Look for Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs that offer a degree in Clinical Psychology and allow a specialization in Forensic or Criminal Psychology. Alternately, Ph.D. or Psy. D. programs may offer a specialization in Clinical Forensic Psychology.\\nU.S. universities that offer a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in Criminal or Forensic Psychology include Harvard, Stanford, Notre Dame, and the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy) focuses on theory and research. The Psy.D. (doctor of psychology) focuses on practice and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find a criminal psychology internship opportunity.\", \"描述\": \"An internship is an integral part of most Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs in criminal psychology. Finding a good internship program can take time, but your Department and faculty advisor will help you. Finding an internship is competitive, but it will provide important knowledge and experience for your eventual certification as a criminal psychologist.\\nYour internship may be with a practicing clinical psychologist, with a police department, or in a prison or juvenile detention facility.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pursue a post-doctorate fellowship in criminal psychology.\", \"描述\": \"While a post-doc is not required for most criminal psychology jobs, it will increase your chances of being hired. Criminal psychology is a competitive field, and a post-doc will give you a leg up over other candidates with a Ph.D.\\nYou may also be able to find a post-doc in forensic psychology. While the fields are not the same, they substantially overlap.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming Licensed as a Criminal Psychologist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the required licensure hours.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can become a fully licensed psychologist, you will need to complete a predetermined number of supervised practice hours. In these supervised hours, you’ll see clients and do other work in the criminal psychology field, while overseen by a professional.\\nIf your internship supervisor appreciated your work as an intern, they may hire you back for your licensing hours. Otherwise, speak with your academic advisors and professors, and ask for their help finding a position in which to complete your licensure hours.\\nThe number of hours required for licensure vary from state to state in the U.S. It’s not uncommon for a state to require 3,000 supervised hours for licensure.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the exam offered by your state’s Board of Psychology.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve completed your doctoral degree, you need to pass a written examination, provided by the state. This will begin your criminal psychology certification process. Contact the Board of Psychology to enquire about and register for the exam.\\nCertification requirements can vary by state. To determine the requirements for the state in which you plan to practice criminal psychology, consult the state’s Board of Psychology.\\nFor example, if you’re trying to contact the Minnesota Board of Psychology, visit: https://mn.gov/boards/psychology/.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earn a certification in criminal psychology.\", \"描述\": \"The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) awards certification to psychology professionals who have specialized in one area of psychological practice.\\nTo learn more about the certification process, and to apply for the certification, visit: https://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3349.\\nWhile not every state requires the ABPP certification prior to practicing criminal psychology, it will make you a more competitive job applicant in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs in the criminal psychology field.\", \"描述\": \"Criminal psychology jobs are competitive, and often tough to get. Recent doctoral graduates—even with postdoc experience and certification—often start out in positions with hospitals, police departments, and government agencies. Your academic and professional contacts can help you locate suitable jobs to apply for.\\nIf you’d like to work as a criminal psychologist in law enforcement—e.g. with the FBI—you’ll need to join a law enforcement organization, such as the local police department. As you gain ranks, you can transition into a criminal psychology role.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Although the fields of criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, they are not the same. Criminal psychologists exclusively study criminal behavior, with the goal of understanding mindsets that many criminals share. Forensic psychologists, on the other hand, commonly assess the mental health of individuals in the justice system, and testify in court cases concerning criminals with mental-health concerns.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Some Psychology Ph.D. programs will require an MA in Psychology, while others admit applicants with only a BA. Refer to specific program requirements to determine which do, or do not, require the MA.\\n\", \"This article describes how to become a criminal psychologist in the U.S. The process to become a criminal psychologist will be similar in most other countries. You’ll still need to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology and complete various internships and supervised hours before applying to work in the field.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,310 |
How to Become a Criminologist
|
1. Getting an Education
1-1. Get a high school education.
You can start thinking about a career in criminology while you are still in high school. Concentrate on doing well in all academic subjects, since this will help you prepare for a criminal science program in college.
Good high school courses for a future criminologist to take include sociology, government, history, psychology, and statistics.
Some high schools offer courses in criminology, criminal justice, or related areas. If yours does, be sure to take them.
In addition to academics, seek out extracurricular activities to broaden your education and deepen your interests. You could join or start a Criminology Club, for example, as well as participate in common activities like Mock Trial, Debate Club, Math Team, etc.
1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.
It is essential to get at least an undergraduate education if you want to become a criminologist. Some colleges and universities have degree programs in criminology, but there is no set subject your degree must be in. Whatever your chosen major subject is, make sure to take courses in areas like sociology, psychology, criminal justice, statistics, writing, and computer science. Criminologists enter the field from a variety of academic backgrounds, including:
Criminology
Sociology
Psychology
Criminal Justice
1-3. Look for internships.
These offer opportunities to gain first-hand, real-world experience while you are still getting your education. Work with your school to develop an internship plan that fits your educational and career goals. You might seek internships with:
A police department
A law office
State or Federal government offices
Community organizations
Research groups
1-4. Get an advanced degree.
Many criminologists choose to further their education either before or after beginning work in the field. Earning a master's degree or even a doctorate can help you gain more advanced positions, greater responsibilities, and higher pay. You can earn a graduate degree in a field such as:
Behavioral Science
Criminology
Sociology
Psychology
Criminal Justice
1-5. Get your license.
To work as a criminologist in most locations and with most law enforcement agencies, you must pass a written examination and earn a license. In most cases, this is separate from any degree in criminology or a related field that you might earn. In other words, even if you earn your degree, you may not be able to practice as a criminologist until you pass the licensure examination.
The specific format of the examination will vary depending upon your location and the agency you want to work for. Expect the examination to be rigorous, however, so study hard beforehand.
2. Gaining Experience
2-1. Join a professional association.
Professional groups provide opportunities to network, present and learn about research, continue your education, and find jobs. There are a number of organizations serving the field of criminology, such as:
The International Society for Criminology
The American Society of Criminology
The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
The Law and Society Association
The Midwestern Criminal Justice Association
The Western Society of Criminology
2-2. Look for a job.
Individuals trained in criminology find work in numerous careers. While you may look for an entry-level position at first, there are usually good opportunities for advancement. However it may be difficult to cross fields. For instance, if you are hired with a state agency, it might be more difficult to later get an advanced job at a federal agency, and vice versa. Criminologists find positions with:
Police departments
The FBI
State and local governmental agencies
Colleges and universities
Consultancy agencies
2-3. Pass background checks.
During the process of being hired for a job in criminology, you can expect to have to pass background and security checks. As participants in the fight against crime, criminologists are expected to have good records and impeccable ethics.
2-4. Excel at your job.
Your day-to-day work as a criminologist will vary depending upon your specific position and area of expertise. Most jobs in the field, however, eventually involve some combination of fieldwork, analysis, and reporting. For instance:
You might be present at a crime scene, to help gather evidence and determine exactly what occurred.
You might investigate how the crime is related to social issues. For instance, you might consider how crimes are related to other problems, such as drug abuse, poverty, and corruption.
You might be involved with cataloging information, processing data, and writing reports based on criminal investigations.
You might be involved with helping policy makers determine how to respond to and eliminate crime.
2-5. Investigate alternative careers.
Many individuals trained in criminology wind up working in jobs that do not bear the title “criminologist.” Nevertheless, these careers can be just as fulfilling, and draw on your skills, training, and experience. Job titles of people with a background in criminology include:
Border Patrol Agent
Compliance Officer
Court Administrator
Evidence Technician
Federal Protection Officer
I.R.S. Agent
Legal Assistant
Penologist
3. Developing Your Skills
3-1. Attend conferences.
Attending professional criminology conferences is a great way to network, learn about new developments and issues in the field, and get information about jobs and other important matters. Regular conferences are hosted by many of the major professional criminology associations, such as:
The American Society of Criminology
The Western Society of Criminology
The European Society of Criminology
3-2. Read and publish research in the field.
You can keep up with new developments in criminology by reading current research in journals devoted to the field. If you are interested in sharing research that you have conducted, or want to report on work you have done, you can also try to publish articles in these journals, such as:
The Criminologist
The Journal of Quantitative Criminology
International Annals of Criminology
Criminology and Criminal Justice
The British Journal of Criminology
The European Journal of Criminology
Criminology and Public Policy
3-3. Take continuing education courses.
Criminology is a field that is constantly changing as new technologies, methods, and policies are developed. Taking refresher courses even after you complete a degree and have experience working as a criminologist is a good way to keep up with these new developments. Continuing educations courses in criminology may be offered through colleges and universities, professional associations, and governmental agencies. These courses cover topics like:
Documentation and forensics
Combating cyber crime
Promoting crime prevention
3-4. Develop a specialization.
You can also dedicate yourself to gaining expertise in a specialty such as translational criminology, national security, or cyber crime. Working on projects in your area of interest, taking relevant courses, and publishing in the field can all help you gain this expertise. Developing skills in a sub-field of criminology can leader to greater responsibility, recognition, and employment opportunities.
Tips
Salaries for criminologists can vary widely. You might expect to earn $29,000-$40,000 per year when you just start out. As you increase your skills and experience, your salary can rise. Criminologists working for the federal government earn higher salaries (about $41,000-$63,000).
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education\\n1-1. Get a high school education.\\nYou can start thinking about a career in criminology while you are still in high school. Concentrate on doing well in all academic subjects, since this will help you prepare for a criminal science program in college.\\nGood high school courses for a future criminologist to take include sociology, government, history, psychology, and statistics.\\nSome high schools offer courses in criminology, criminal justice, or related areas. If yours does, be sure to take them.\\nIn addition to academics, seek out extracurricular activities to broaden your education and deepen your interests. You could join or start a Criminology Club, for example, as well as participate in common activities like Mock Trial, Debate Club, Math Team, etc.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.\\nIt is essential to get at least an undergraduate education if you want to become a criminologist. Some colleges and universities have degree programs in criminology, but there is no set subject your degree must be in. Whatever your chosen major subject is, make sure to take courses in areas like sociology, psychology, criminal justice, statistics, writing, and computer science. Criminologists enter the field from a variety of academic backgrounds, including:\\nCriminology\\nSociology\\nPsychology\\nCriminal Justice\\n1-3. Look for internships.\\nThese offer opportunities to gain first-hand, real-world experience while you are still getting your education. Work with your school to develop an internship plan that fits your educational and career goals. You might seek internships with:\\nA police department\\nA law office\\nState or Federal government offices\\nCommunity organizations\\nResearch groups\\n1-4. Get an advanced degree.\\nMany criminologists choose to further their education either before or after beginning work in the field. Earning a master's degree or even a doctorate can help you gain more advanced positions, greater responsibilities, and higher pay. You can earn a graduate degree in a field such as:\\nBehavioral Science\\nCriminology\\nSociology\\nPsychology\\nCriminal Justice\\n1-5. Get your license.\\nTo work as a criminologist in most locations and with most law enforcement agencies, you must pass a written examination and earn a license. In most cases, this is separate from any degree in criminology or a related field that you might earn. In other words, even if you earn your degree, you may not be able to practice as a criminologist until you pass the licensure examination.\\nThe specific format of the examination will vary depending upon your location and the agency you want to work for. Expect the examination to be rigorous, however, so study hard beforehand.\\n2. Gaining Experience\\n2-1. Join a professional association.\\nProfessional groups provide opportunities to network, present and learn about research, continue your education, and find jobs. There are a number of organizations serving the field of criminology, such as:\\nThe International Society for Criminology\\nThe American Society of Criminology\\nThe Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences\\nThe Law and Society Association\\nThe Midwestern Criminal Justice Association\\nThe Western Society of Criminology\\n2-2. Look for a job.\\nIndividuals trained in criminology find work in numerous careers. While you may look for an entry-level position at first, there are usually good opportunities for advancement. However it may be difficult to cross fields. For instance, if you are hired with a state agency, it might be more difficult to later get an advanced job at a federal agency, and vice versa. Criminologists find positions with:\\nPolice departments\\nThe FBI\\nState and local governmental agencies\\nColleges and universities\\nConsultancy agencies\\n2-3. Pass background checks.\\nDuring the process of being hired for a job in criminology, you can expect to have to pass background and security checks. As participants in the fight against crime, criminologists are expected to have good records and impeccable ethics.\\n2-4. Excel at your job.\\nYour day-to-day work as a criminologist will vary depending upon your specific position and area of expertise. Most jobs in the field, however, eventually involve some combination of fieldwork, analysis, and reporting. For instance:\\nYou might be present at a crime scene, to help gather evidence and determine exactly what occurred.\\nYou might investigate how the crime is related to social issues. For instance, you might consider how crimes are related to other problems, such as drug abuse, poverty, and corruption.\\nYou might be involved with cataloging information, processing data, and writing reports based on criminal investigations.\\nYou might be involved with helping policy makers determine how to respond to and eliminate crime.\\n2-5. Investigate alternative careers.\\nMany individuals trained in criminology wind up working in jobs that do not bear the title “criminologist.” Nevertheless, these careers can be just as fulfilling, and draw on your skills, training, and experience. Job titles of people with a background in criminology include:\\nBorder Patrol Agent\\nCompliance Officer\\nCourt Administrator\\nEvidence Technician\\nFederal Protection Officer\\nI.R.S. Agent\\nLegal Assistant\\nPenologist\\n3. Developing Your Skills\\n3-1. Attend conferences.\\nAttending professional criminology conferences is a great way to network, learn about new developments and issues in the field, and get information about jobs and other important matters. Regular conferences are hosted by many of the major professional criminology associations, such as:\\nThe American Society of Criminology\\nThe Western Society of Criminology\\nThe European Society of Criminology\\n3-2. Read and publish research in the field.\\nYou can keep up with new developments in criminology by reading current research in journals devoted to the field. If you are interested in sharing research that you have conducted, or want to report on work you have done, you can also try to publish articles in these journals, such as:\\nThe Criminologist\\nThe Journal of Quantitative Criminology\\n\\nInternational Annals of Criminology\\n\\nCriminology and Criminal Justice\\n\\nThe British Journal of Criminology\\nThe European Journal of Criminology\\nCriminology and Public Policy\\n3-3. Take continuing education courses.\\nCriminology is a field that is constantly changing as new technologies, methods, and policies are developed. Taking refresher courses even after you complete a degree and have experience working as a criminologist is a good way to keep up with these new developments. Continuing educations courses in criminology may be offered through colleges and universities, professional associations, and governmental agencies. These courses cover topics like:\\nDocumentation and forensics\\nCombating cyber crime\\nPromoting crime prevention\\n3-4. Develop a specialization.\\nYou can also dedicate yourself to gaining expertise in a specialty such as translational criminology, national security, or cyber crime. Working on projects in your area of interest, taking relevant courses, and publishing in the field can all help you gain this expertise. Developing skills in a sub-field of criminology can leader to greater responsibility, recognition, and employment opportunities.\\nTips\\nSalaries for criminologists can vary widely. You might expect to earn $29,000-$40,000 per year when you just start out. As you increase your skills and experience, your salary can rise. Criminologists working for the federal government earn higher salaries (about $41,000-$63,000).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Criminologists study physical aspects of crime scenes and seek to understand the sociological causes and implications of crime. In some cases, they also study the psychology of criminals and may develop criminal profiles (think of TV shows like “Criminal Minds” and “The Profiler,” only more realistic). Their work involves helping to solve crimes and to prevent them. Criminologists usually work for local police, state or federal government agencies, although some do research for private companies.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a high school education.\", \"描述\": \"You can start thinking about a career in criminology while you are still in high school. Concentrate on doing well in all academic subjects, since this will help you prepare for a criminal science program in college.\\nGood high school courses for a future criminologist to take include sociology, government, history, psychology, and statistics.\\nSome high schools offer courses in criminology, criminal justice, or related areas. If yours does, be sure to take them.\\nIn addition to academics, seek out extracurricular activities to broaden your education and deepen your interests. You could join or start a Criminology Club, for example, as well as participate in common activities like Mock Trial, Debate Club, Math Team, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"It is essential to get at least an undergraduate education if you want to become a criminologist. Some colleges and universities have degree programs in criminology, but there is no set subject your degree must be in. Whatever your chosen major subject is, make sure to take courses in areas like sociology, psychology, criminal justice, statistics, writing, and computer science. Criminologists enter the field from a variety of academic backgrounds, including:\\nCriminology\\nSociology\\nPsychology\\nCriminal Justice\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for internships.\", \"描述\": \"These offer opportunities to gain first-hand, real-world experience while you are still getting your education. Work with your school to develop an internship plan that fits your educational and career goals. You might seek internships with:\\nA police department\\nA law office\\nState or Federal government offices\\nCommunity organizations\\nResearch groups\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an advanced degree.\", \"描述\": \"Many criminologists choose to further their education either before or after beginning work in the field. Earning a master's degree or even a doctorate can help you gain more advanced positions, greater responsibilities, and higher pay. You can earn a graduate degree in a field such as:\\nBehavioral Science\\nCriminology\\nSociology\\nPsychology\\nCriminal Justice\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get your license.\", \"描述\": \"To work as a criminologist in most locations and with most law enforcement agencies, you must pass a written examination and earn a license. In most cases, this is separate from any degree in criminology or a related field that you might earn. In other words, even if you earn your degree, you may not be able to practice as a criminologist until you pass the licensure examination.\\nThe specific format of the examination will vary depending upon your location and the agency you want to work for. Expect the examination to be rigorous, however, so study hard beforehand.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a professional association.\", \"描述\": \"Professional groups provide opportunities to network, present and learn about research, continue your education, and find jobs. There are a number of organizations serving the field of criminology, such as:\\nThe International Society for Criminology\\nThe American Society of Criminology\\nThe Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences\\nThe Law and Society Association\\nThe Midwestern Criminal Justice Association\\nThe Western Society of Criminology\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for a job.\", \"描述\": \"Individuals trained in criminology find work in numerous careers. While you may look for an entry-level position at first, there are usually good opportunities for advancement. However it may be difficult to cross fields. For instance, if you are hired with a state agency, it might be more difficult to later get an advanced job at a federal agency, and vice versa. Criminologists find positions with:\\nPolice departments\\nThe FBI\\nState and local governmental agencies\\nColleges and universities\\nConsultancy agencies\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass background checks.\", \"描述\": \"During the process of being hired for a job in criminology, you can expect to have to pass background and security checks. As participants in the fight against crime, criminologists are expected to have good records and impeccable ethics.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Excel at your job.\", \"描述\": \"Your day-to-day work as a criminologist will vary depending upon your specific position and area of expertise. Most jobs in the field, however, eventually involve some combination of fieldwork, analysis, and reporting. For instance:\\nYou might be present at a crime scene, to help gather evidence and determine exactly what occurred.\\nYou might investigate how the crime is related to social issues. For instance, you might consider how crimes are related to other problems, such as drug abuse, poverty, and corruption.\\nYou might be involved with cataloging information, processing data, and writing reports based on criminal investigations.\\nYou might be involved with helping policy makers determine how to respond to and eliminate crime.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Investigate alternative careers.\", \"描述\": \"Many individuals trained in criminology wind up working in jobs that do not bear the title “criminologist.” Nevertheless, these careers can be just as fulfilling, and draw on your skills, training, and experience. Job titles of people with a background in criminology include:\\nBorder Patrol Agent\\nCompliance Officer\\nCourt Administrator\\nEvidence Technician\\nFederal Protection Officer\\nI.R.S. Agent\\nLegal Assistant\\nPenologist\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend conferences.\", \"描述\": \"Attending professional criminology conferences is a great way to network, learn about new developments and issues in the field, and get information about jobs and other important matters. Regular conferences are hosted by many of the major professional criminology associations, such as:\\nThe American Society of Criminology\\nThe Western Society of Criminology\\nThe European Society of Criminology\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read and publish research in the field.\", \"描述\": \"You can keep up with new developments in criminology by reading current research in journals devoted to the field. If you are interested in sharing research that you have conducted, or want to report on work you have done, you can also try to publish articles in these journals, such as:\\nThe Criminologist\\nThe Journal of Quantitative Criminology\\n\\nInternational Annals of Criminology\\n\\nCriminology and Criminal Justice\\n\\nThe British Journal of Criminology\\nThe European Journal of Criminology\\nCriminology and Public Policy\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take continuing education courses.\", \"描述\": \"Criminology is a field that is constantly changing as new technologies, methods, and policies are developed. Taking refresher courses even after you complete a degree and have experience working as a criminologist is a good way to keep up with these new developments. Continuing educations courses in criminology may be offered through colleges and universities, professional associations, and governmental agencies. These courses cover topics like:\\nDocumentation and forensics\\nCombating cyber crime\\nPromoting crime prevention\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a specialization.\", \"描述\": \"You can also dedicate yourself to gaining expertise in a specialty such as translational criminology, national security, or cyber crime. Working on projects in your area of interest, taking relevant courses, and publishing in the field can all help you gain this expertise. Developing skills in a sub-field of criminology can leader to greater responsibility, recognition, and employment opportunities.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Salaries for criminologists can vary widely. You might expect to earn $29,000-$40,000 per year when you just start out. As you increase your skills and experience, your salary can rise. Criminologists working for the federal government earn higher salaries (about $41,000-$63,000).\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,311 |
How to Become a Cruise Ship Captain
|
1. Receiving the Right Education
1-1. Attend high school.
Your high school education lays the groundwork for a successful higher education experience, which is necessary for a career as a cruise ship captain. There are several factors to keep in mind for a successful high school experience:
In the United States, many aspiring captains attend a Maritime High School, which are generally located on the coasts or Great Lakes. Maritime High Schools are competitive in admissions and follow a particular curriculum established by the U.S. Maritime Administration, emphasizing English, math, and science with additional courses in maritime skills, law, and career training. Because this is such a competitive line of work, a diploma from a Maritime High School is highly recommended to increase your chances of becoming a cruise ship captain.
1-2. Focus your high school studies.
Regardless of where you attend high school, focusing your studies in school can help you gain admission to a Maritime Academy and prepare you for the types of coursework you need.
The US Government recommends three units of math (algebra, geometry, and trigonometry); three units of English; one unit of physics or chemistry; and eight additional units in additional math and/or science, foreign languages, economics, and social studies.
If possible, look for part-time work (during evenings, weekends, and summer breaks) in a shipyard or on board a ship or sea-going vessel of any kind. You will learn about ship parts, worker roles, chain of command, and ship repair, as well as gaining experience on the sea, which will help you to know for sure that a career as a captain is ideal for you. If you do not live near the sea or large lakes, try to find summer work on board a ship.
1-3. Receive your high school diploma.
If you do not finish high school, you can get your General Educational Development (GED) certificate equivalent, or its equivalent in countries other than the United States. Be aware that a GED will make it harder, but not impossible, for you to obtain a career as a cruise ship captain.
A diploma and an above-average grade point average in high school are necessary for admission to a Maritime Academy, and even if you do not choose to attend an academy or college, you must have a high school equivalency to gain additional career experience at the helm of a ship.
1-4. Apply for and attend a Maritime Academy.
U.S. Merchant Marine Academies allow you to obtain four-year Bachelor of Science degrees. These degrees are monitored by the Coast Guard, and they teach engineering, maritime law and ship construction.
Attending a Maritime Academy is the fastest track to move up the ladder on a maritime vessel. Maritime Academies in the United States include California, the Great Lakes, Maine, Massachusetts, Texas A&M, and the U.S. Merchant Academy. These are funded by the United States Maritime Administration to ensure that the government has a steady stream of properly trained merchant marine officers.
In the event that you cannot find a position as a cruise ship captain (which is unfortunately a high chance, given how competitive the industry is), a diploma from one of these schools can help you find employment with the US government or as a merchant marine captain. If you are based in another country, seek naval education or experience, according to the best path in your region.
2. Obtaining Needed Experience and Certifications
2-1. Find an internship on a vessel while you are in school.
Most maritime students are required to get practical experience before graduation, and Maritime Academies have working relationships with the government and local mariners in order to help you find an ideal internship for your interests.
If possible, try to get an internship on a cruise ship. This will help you gain experience and determine that this is the right career choice for you. If you have the opportunity to do more than one internship while in college, try to get one on a cruise line and one on a commercial or government ship. This will help you to see the difference in these career paths.
2-2. Apply for a job as a third mate or deck officer on a sea-faring vessel.
Most maritime academies offer placement services to help you find your first job and develop qualifications along your career path. You can also apply for an officer position the U.S. Merchant Marine Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve or Naval Reserve.
Although your career goal is captain, you have to start on the deck to gain needed experience. If you did not get a Bachelor's degree, you will have to spend thousands of hours -- and many years-- gaining experience as a deckhand before you can move up the ship hierarchy and become a deck officer or third mate, which qualifies you to take exams to become a captain. If you did get the Bachelor's degree, you can skip the deckhand stage altogether.
The exams test your knowledge and readiness and also entail a thorough background check, including a review of your criminal record and citizenship as well a physical exam and vision and hearing evaluations. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.
2-3. Get a Master's of Science degree in maritime engineering, maritime science, or a related field.
Before applying for a program, make sure the school offers courses specifically about captaining a cruise ship. Achieve top grades during your studies, because many cruise ships only hire captains who are in the top 5 or 10 percent of their graduating class.
A Master's degree is not always necessary to get a position, but because cruise ship positions are highly sought after, it might make a difference in your job search. Many cruise ship captains do not have a Master's degree. You will have to decide if your experience is enough or if you could benefit from a Master's degree on your resume; for instance, if you did not attend a maritime high school or Marine Academy, and/or if you have not had many years of experience on a vessel, you may need the additional education to be a viable candidate for a position on a cruise ship.
2-4. Obtain your certifications.
If you plan to work out of the United States, you will be required to earn a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) and a Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC). Outside the United States, check with your local governing bodies to determine what certifications you will need.
Certification exams require physicals, vision tests, drug screenings and written and practical exams. Merchant marine academies train their students in the topics that will be featured on these exams. People who gain their qualifications through experience may need to take exam prep courses to ensure they pass the exams. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.
2-5. Take your marine captain's license exams.
This test is administered by the US Coast Guard, or another country's licensing agency. After approximately 10 or more years of experience, you may be qualified to take this exam.
The marine captain's license also qualifies you for positions with the United States government, including the Coast Guard.
3. Finding Work
3-1. Work as a marine captain.
You must hold the position as marine captain for a number of years before applying to become a cruise ship captain. Develop an excellent track record.
In the vast majority of cases, marine captains are promoted after serving as deck officer or third mate on that ship. The time until promotion varies by organization and company, as well as by your own performance in each position.
3-2. Apply for cruise ship captain positions in your home country.
Most cruise ships hire people from their country of origin.
For example, most officer positions for Norwegian Cruise Lines are given to Norwegian citizens. The exception is their ship Pride of America, which only hires American citizens. You will need to check the website of cruise line companies to find out their hiring requirements for particular job openings.
3-3. Have a backup plan.
Because the field is so competitive, there is no guarantee that you will be able to find a position once you've obtained all the needed qualifications. There are several career paths that you can take while you wait for a job to open up as a cruise ship captain.
Continue working as a merchant marine captain. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in this industry are growing with an expected rate of 14% growth between now and 2022, outpacing the number of new captains available, so the odds of finding a position in a freight ship are much higher than the odds of finding a position as a cruise ship captain.
Consider joining the U.S. Armed Forces or working for the U.S. government. Particularly if you attended a State Maritime Academy, the United States seeks capable and well trained captains who can meet its national security needs.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Receiving the Right Education\\n1-1. Attend high school.\\nYour high school education lays the groundwork for a successful higher education experience, which is necessary for a career as a cruise ship captain. There are several factors to keep in mind for a successful high school experience:\\nIn the United States, many aspiring captains attend a Maritime High School, which are generally located on the coasts or Great Lakes. Maritime High Schools are competitive in admissions and follow a particular curriculum established by the U.S. Maritime Administration, emphasizing English, math, and science with additional courses in maritime skills, law, and career training. Because this is such a competitive line of work, a diploma from a Maritime High School is highly recommended to increase your chances of becoming a cruise ship captain.\\n1-2. Focus your high school studies.\\nRegardless of where you attend high school, focusing your studies in school can help you gain admission to a Maritime Academy and prepare you for the types of coursework you need. \\nThe US Government recommends three units of math (algebra, geometry, and trigonometry); three units of English; one unit of physics or chemistry; and eight additional units in additional math and/or science, foreign languages, economics, and social studies.\\nIf possible, look for part-time work (during evenings, weekends, and summer breaks) in a shipyard or on board a ship or sea-going vessel of any kind. You will learn about ship parts, worker roles, chain of command, and ship repair, as well as gaining experience on the sea, which will help you to know for sure that a career as a captain is ideal for you. If you do not live near the sea or large lakes, try to find summer work on board a ship.\\n1-3. Receive your high school diploma.\\nIf you do not finish high school, you can get your General Educational Development (GED) certificate equivalent, or its equivalent in countries other than the United States. Be aware that a GED will make it harder, but not impossible, for you to obtain a career as a cruise ship captain.\\nA diploma and an above-average grade point average in high school are necessary for admission to a Maritime Academy, and even if you do not choose to attend an academy or college, you must have a high school equivalency to gain additional career experience at the helm of a ship.\\n1-4. Apply for and attend a Maritime Academy.\\nU.S. Merchant Marine Academies allow you to obtain four-year Bachelor of Science degrees. These degrees are monitored by the Coast Guard, and they teach engineering, maritime law and ship construction.\\nAttending a Maritime Academy is the fastest track to move up the ladder on a maritime vessel. Maritime Academies in the United States include California, the Great Lakes, Maine, Massachusetts, Texas A&M, and the U.S. Merchant Academy. These are funded by the United States Maritime Administration to ensure that the government has a steady stream of properly trained merchant marine officers.\\nIn the event that you cannot find a position as a cruise ship captain (which is unfortunately a high chance, given how competitive the industry is), a diploma from one of these schools can help you find employment with the US government or as a merchant marine captain. If you are based in another country, seek naval education or experience, according to the best path in your region.\\n2. Obtaining Needed Experience and Certifications\\n2-1. Find an internship on a vessel while you are in school.\\nMost maritime students are required to get practical experience before graduation, and Maritime Academies have working relationships with the government and local mariners in order to help you find an ideal internship for your interests.\\nIf possible, try to get an internship on a cruise ship. This will help you gain experience and determine that this is the right career choice for you. If you have the opportunity to do more than one internship while in college, try to get one on a cruise line and one on a commercial or government ship. This will help you to see the difference in these career paths.\\n2-2. Apply for a job as a third mate or deck officer on a sea-faring vessel.\\nMost maritime academies offer placement services to help you find your first job and develop qualifications along your career path. You can also apply for an officer position the U.S. Merchant Marine Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve or Naval Reserve.\\nAlthough your career goal is captain, you have to start on the deck to gain needed experience. If you did not get a Bachelor's degree, you will have to spend thousands of hours -- and many years-- gaining experience as a deckhand before you can move up the ship hierarchy and become a deck officer or third mate, which qualifies you to take exams to become a captain. If you did get the Bachelor's degree, you can skip the deckhand stage altogether.\\nThe exams test your knowledge and readiness and also entail a thorough background check, including a review of your criminal record and citizenship as well a physical exam and vision and hearing evaluations. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.\\n2-3. Get a Master's of Science degree in maritime engineering, maritime science, or a related field.\\nBefore applying for a program, make sure the school offers courses specifically about captaining a cruise ship. Achieve top grades during your studies, because many cruise ships only hire captains who are in the top 5 or 10 percent of their graduating class.\\nA Master's degree is not always necessary to get a position, but because cruise ship positions are highly sought after, it might make a difference in your job search. Many cruise ship captains do not have a Master's degree. You will have to decide if your experience is enough or if you could benefit from a Master's degree on your resume; for instance, if you did not attend a maritime high school or Marine Academy, and/or if you have not had many years of experience on a vessel, you may need the additional education to be a viable candidate for a position on a cruise ship.\\n2-4. Obtain your certifications.\\nIf you plan to work out of the United States, you will be required to earn a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) and a Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC). Outside the United States, check with your local governing bodies to determine what certifications you will need.\\nCertification exams require physicals, vision tests, drug screenings and written and practical exams. Merchant marine academies train their students in the topics that will be featured on these exams. People who gain their qualifications through experience may need to take exam prep courses to ensure they pass the exams. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.\\n2-5. Take your marine captain's license exams.\\nThis test is administered by the US Coast Guard, or another country's licensing agency. After approximately 10 or more years of experience, you may be qualified to take this exam.\\nThe marine captain's license also qualifies you for positions with the United States government, including the Coast Guard.\\n3. Finding Work\\n3-1. Work as a marine captain.\\nYou must hold the position as marine captain for a number of years before applying to become a cruise ship captain. Develop an excellent track record.\\nIn the vast majority of cases, marine captains are promoted after serving as deck officer or third mate on that ship. The time until promotion varies by organization and company, as well as by your own performance in each position.\\n3-2. Apply for cruise ship captain positions in your home country.\\nMost cruise ships hire people from their country of origin.\\nFor example, most officer positions for Norwegian Cruise Lines are given to Norwegian citizens. The exception is their ship Pride of America, which only hires American citizens. You will need to check the website of cruise line companies to find out their hiring requirements for particular job openings.\\n3-3. Have a backup plan.\\nBecause the field is so competitive, there is no guarantee that you will be able to find a position once you've obtained all the needed qualifications. There are several career paths that you can take while you wait for a job to open up as a cruise ship captain.\\nContinue working as a merchant marine captain. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in this industry are growing with an expected rate of 14% growth between now and 2022, outpacing the number of new captains available, so the odds of finding a position in a freight ship are much higher than the odds of finding a position as a cruise ship captain.\\nConsider joining the U.S. Armed Forces or working for the U.S. government. Particularly if you attended a State Maritime Academy, the United States seeks capable and well trained captains who can meet its national security needs.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A cruise ship captain is the master of a cruise vessel. Captains usually have a college degree along with years of experience in shipping or naval navigation. They must be very experienced in analyzing speed, weather conditions and other factors that affect a ship's navigation, while controlling a staff of officers. The skills required of a captain include communication, customer service, delegation, and organization. The US Department of Labor Statistics expects the demand for ship captains to go up by 17 percent until 2016, but the competition for cruise ship captain positions will remain competitive. In fact, you may need to finish 4 to 8 years of schooling and obtain decades of experience to qualify. If your dream is to become a cruise ship captain, begin your preparations now and create a backup plan for alternate careers that use the same set of qualifications.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Receiving the Right Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend high school.\", \"描述\": \"Your high school education lays the groundwork for a successful higher education experience, which is necessary for a career as a cruise ship captain. There are several factors to keep in mind for a successful high school experience:\\nIn the United States, many aspiring captains attend a Maritime High School, which are generally located on the coasts or Great Lakes. Maritime High Schools are competitive in admissions and follow a particular curriculum established by the U.S. Maritime Administration, emphasizing English, math, and science with additional courses in maritime skills, law, and career training. Because this is such a competitive line of work, a diploma from a Maritime High School is highly recommended to increase your chances of becoming a cruise ship captain.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus your high school studies.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of where you attend high school, focusing your studies in school can help you gain admission to a Maritime Academy and prepare you for the types of coursework you need. \\nThe US Government recommends three units of math (algebra, geometry, and trigonometry); three units of English; one unit of physics or chemistry; and eight additional units in additional math and/or science, foreign languages, economics, and social studies.\\nIf possible, look for part-time work (during evenings, weekends, and summer breaks) in a shipyard or on board a ship or sea-going vessel of any kind. You will learn about ship parts, worker roles, chain of command, and ship repair, as well as gaining experience on the sea, which will help you to know for sure that a career as a captain is ideal for you. If you do not live near the sea or large lakes, try to find summer work on board a ship.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Receive your high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not finish high school, you can get your General Educational Development (GED) certificate equivalent, or its equivalent in countries other than the United States. Be aware that a GED will make it harder, but not impossible, for you to obtain a career as a cruise ship captain.\\nA diploma and an above-average grade point average in high school are necessary for admission to a Maritime Academy, and even if you do not choose to attend an academy or college, you must have a high school equivalency to gain additional career experience at the helm of a ship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for and attend a Maritime Academy.\", \"描述\": \"U.S. Merchant Marine Academies allow you to obtain four-year Bachelor of Science degrees. These degrees are monitored by the Coast Guard, and they teach engineering, maritime law and ship construction.\\nAttending a Maritime Academy is the fastest track to move up the ladder on a maritime vessel. Maritime Academies in the United States include California, the Great Lakes, Maine, Massachusetts, Texas A&M, and the U.S. Merchant Academy. These are funded by the United States Maritime Administration to ensure that the government has a steady stream of properly trained merchant marine officers.\\nIn the event that you cannot find a position as a cruise ship captain (which is unfortunately a high chance, given how competitive the industry is), a diploma from one of these schools can help you find employment with the US government or as a merchant marine captain. If you are based in another country, seek naval education or experience, according to the best path in your region.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Needed Experience and Certifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find an internship on a vessel while you are in school.\", \"描述\": \"Most maritime students are required to get practical experience before graduation, and Maritime Academies have working relationships with the government and local mariners in order to help you find an ideal internship for your interests.\\nIf possible, try to get an internship on a cruise ship. This will help you gain experience and determine that this is the right career choice for you. If you have the opportunity to do more than one internship while in college, try to get one on a cruise line and one on a commercial or government ship. This will help you to see the difference in these career paths.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a job as a third mate or deck officer on a sea-faring vessel.\", \"描述\": \"Most maritime academies offer placement services to help you find your first job and develop qualifications along your career path. You can also apply for an officer position the U.S. Merchant Marine Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve or Naval Reserve.\\nAlthough your career goal is captain, you have to start on the deck to gain needed experience. If you did not get a Bachelor's degree, you will have to spend thousands of hours -- and many years-- gaining experience as a deckhand before you can move up the ship hierarchy and become a deck officer or third mate, which qualifies you to take exams to become a captain. If you did get the Bachelor's degree, you can skip the deckhand stage altogether.\\nThe exams test your knowledge and readiness and also entail a thorough background check, including a review of your criminal record and citizenship as well a physical exam and vision and hearing evaluations. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a Master's of Science degree in maritime engineering, maritime science, or a related field.\", \"描述\": \"Before applying for a program, make sure the school offers courses specifically about captaining a cruise ship. Achieve top grades during your studies, because many cruise ships only hire captains who are in the top 5 or 10 percent of their graduating class.\\nA Master's degree is not always necessary to get a position, but because cruise ship positions are highly sought after, it might make a difference in your job search. Many cruise ship captains do not have a Master's degree. You will have to decide if your experience is enough or if you could benefit from a Master's degree on your resume; for instance, if you did not attend a maritime high school or Marine Academy, and/or if you have not had many years of experience on a vessel, you may need the additional education to be a viable candidate for a position on a cruise ship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain your certifications.\", \"描述\": \"If you plan to work out of the United States, you will be required to earn a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) and a Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC). Outside the United States, check with your local governing bodies to determine what certifications you will need.\\nCertification exams require physicals, vision tests, drug screenings and written and practical exams. Merchant marine academies train their students in the topics that will be featured on these exams. People who gain their qualifications through experience may need to take exam prep courses to ensure they pass the exams. There are fees associated with these credentials, ranging from $50 to $100 USD.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take your marine captain's license exams.\", \"描述\": \"This test is administered by the US Coast Guard, or another country's licensing agency. After approximately 10 or more years of experience, you may be qualified to take this exam.\\nThe marine captain's license also qualifies you for positions with the United States government, including the Coast Guard.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work as a marine captain.\", \"描述\": \"You must hold the position as marine captain for a number of years before applying to become a cruise ship captain. Develop an excellent track record.\\nIn the vast majority of cases, marine captains are promoted after serving as deck officer or third mate on that ship. The time until promotion varies by organization and company, as well as by your own performance in each position.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for cruise ship captain positions in your home country.\", \"描述\": \"Most cruise ships hire people from their country of origin.\\nFor example, most officer positions for Norwegian Cruise Lines are given to Norwegian citizens. The exception is their ship Pride of America, which only hires American citizens. You will need to check the website of cruise line companies to find out their hiring requirements for particular job openings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have a backup plan.\", \"描述\": \"Because the field is so competitive, there is no guarantee that you will be able to find a position once you've obtained all the needed qualifications. There are several career paths that you can take while you wait for a job to open up as a cruise ship captain.\\nContinue working as a merchant marine captain. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in this industry are growing with an expected rate of 14% growth between now and 2022, outpacing the number of new captains available, so the odds of finding a position in a freight ship are much higher than the odds of finding a position as a cruise ship captain.\\nConsider joining the U.S. Armed Forces or working for the U.S. government. Particularly if you attended a State Maritime Academy, the United States seeks capable and well trained captains who can meet its national security needs.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,312 |
How to Become a Cryptozoologist
|
1. Deciding to Become a Cryptozoologist
1-1. Determine if cryptozoology is right for you.
In many cases, cryptozoology is not a career. The study of cryptids is an interesting pastime for some and a passion for most. Few people can get any income from searching for creatures.
Even if you manage to publish a book on cryptozoology, you may not make much money. Cryptozoology for most people is a passion, not a career.
Keep in mind that much of cryptozoology consists of travel. It is recommended that you do not pursue this field if you do not like to travel.
Cryptozoology can be an expensive hobby. Some common costs include travel, recording equipment, and DNA testing on samples.
1-2. Choose a cryptid to specialize in.
While you may have a general interest in cryptids, you might want to choose one or two cryptids to focus your research on. You might choose based on geographical region or type of animal (hominid, sea creature, primate, etc.). Some cryptids you might consider include:
This cryptid is also known as a yeti, Sasquatch, or skunk ape. While many believe that bigfoot is not real, some speculate that it is really an undiscovered giant primate. Since big foot sightings are reported around the world, this may be a good place to start if you cannot travel far.
El Chupacabra is a creature believed to live in South America. They are reported to suck the blood of livestock.
the ebu gogo is a small, human-like creature that exists within the folklore of Indonesia. It is very aggressive and will eat anything.
1-3. Study many different fields.
Cryptozoologists often need expertise in many different fields. Try reading up on as much biology, zoology, psychology, anthropology, and conservation as you can. This will help you understand the behavior and biology of certain cryptids.
Look into areas related to your cryptid. For example, if you are interested in sea creatures, you might read up on marine biology.
There is no accredited degree for cryptozoology available. Online programs promising to offer degrees in it do not have accreditation.
1-4. Learn survival skills.
Most fieldwork involves going to isolated and uninhabited areas to search for cryptids. To make sure that you can survive in these regions, train yourself in wilderness survival, first aid, hunting, and other useful techniques.
Pick up skills that will help hunt your specific cryptid. For example, if you are interested in the orang pendek of Sumatra, you may want to learn to speak Indonesian. Since it lives in trees, you may want to practice climbing trees.
2. Researching a Cryptid
2-1. Read field reports by other cryptozoologists.
Once you have decided to focus on a particular cryptid, you should do as much research as you can on the creature. Other cryptozoologists have likely done work on this cryptid. Start by reading field reports, books, and studies done on the cryptid.
2-2. Learn what scientists say about the cryptid.
While you should read texts by cryptozoologists, you should also do some scientific and anthropological research as well. Find out what scientists think so that you can consider both sides of the argument.
For example, many scientists think that most cases of El Chupacabra are really just coyotes with mange.
2-3. Look into folklore.
Many stories about cryptids are recorded in local folklore, myths, and urban legends. Read the folklore of the region you are travelling to. These stories can tell you the various names for the cryptid, what it eats, where it lives, what time of day it comes out, and how to find one.
2-4. Study the geography of the area.
Many cryptids hide within natural features of their environment, such as trees or caves. Many are well-adapted to their regions. To make sure you that you can successfully find the cryptid, examine the geographical features of its natural habitat.
For example, if you are going after the Loch Ness Monster, look into the geographical features of the Loch Ness area, such as the Great Glen Fault and the River Ness.
3. Hunting for Cryptids
3-1. Plan your travel.
If your cryptid lives in another part of the world, you should start saving some money to visit it. Research the specific areas where the creature lives.
Plan to give yourself plenty of time in the area to search for the creature. You probably will not encounter them in a day or two.
You should only travel far away if you believe that the creature really does exist. If you are uncertain, you may not want to spend the money, or you may decide to look for a cryptid closer to home.
3-2. Pack for the expedition.
Whether you are traveling far away or close to home, you should pack the proper supplies for your journey. What you need may vary based on where you’re traveling and which cryptid you are looking for. In general, you will need:
Camera and recording equipment
Audio recorder
Sterile collecting bottles, vials, and bags
Latex gloves
Markers to label samples
Ruler and/or measuring tape
Magnifying glass
Logbook or journal
3-3. Find local witnesses.
You should listen to what other people have seen and heard about the creature. You can ask local librarians, policemen, town officials, and historians.These eyewitness accounts can give you clues about how to find the cryptid.
Some questions you might want to ask include: “What can you tell me about the bunyip?”; “Have you seen a bunyip yourself? If so, where?”; and “How does one find a bunyip?”
If you are about to head out into the wilderness or if you are in an unfamiliar part of the world, you may want to consider hiring a local guide.
3-4. Perform fieldwork.
Fieldwork is the process of collecting evidence while out in the areas where the cryptid lives. Fieldwork includes taking samples, recording audio and video, and tracking footprints.
Take pictures of everything. If the creature is shy, you can set up a camera with an automatic timer, and leave the area for a while.
If you find feces, bone, or hair, use tweezers to place the sample in a bag. Label each bag with what it is, when you collected it, and where you found it.
If you find a footprint, measure it with a ruler or tape measure. Take a picture of the footprint with the ruler beside it.
Write everything down. Keep a log book of everything that you do, see, hear, and find. Be as detailed as possible.
3-5. Recognize that there is a possibility that the cryptid may not exist.
Sometimes you may arrive at the conclusion that your cryptid does not exist. All is not lost, however. You can simply enjoy the fact that you had an interesting experience.
4. Publicizing Your Work
4-1. Start a blog.
The easiest way to talk about your cryptozoological work is to start an online blog. Publish pictures, DNA test results, recent sightings, and speculation. If you kept a log book during your fieldwork, you can publish entries from the logbook.
If you keep comments open on your blog, you can hear from other cryptozoologists. They may have information related to one of your mysteries.
Blogs are also a great way to solicit donations for your travels and research.
4-2. Write a book.
While you may not become rich writing a cryptozoological book, you can make a little extra money on the side. A book requires extensive research. You can publish it traditionally or make an ebook.
4-3. Reach out to other cryptozoologists.
There is a large community of active cryptozoologists who would love to hear about your research and findings. Online forums, blogs, and newsletters regularly advertise the latest discoveries. You may even find other people to form a research team with.
Look to see if there is a cryptozoological association in your local area. If there is not, you might try starting one yourself.
Tips
Ghosts, zombies, angels, and demons are typically not considered cryptids.
Warnings
This research field is dangerous. Many cryptozoologists have died or have come close to death on expeditions because they were not prepared or they did not have a working knowledge of first aid or survival.
Cryptozoology research can be very expensive. There are no scientific grants currently available to cryptozoologists. Many researchers pay with their money or with donations.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Deciding to Become a Cryptozoologist\\n1-1. Determine if cryptozoology is right for you.\\nIn many cases, cryptozoology is not a career. The study of cryptids is an interesting pastime for some and a passion for most. Few people can get any income from searching for creatures.\\nEven if you manage to publish a book on cryptozoology, you may not make much money. Cryptozoology for most people is a passion, not a career.\\nKeep in mind that much of cryptozoology consists of travel. It is recommended that you do not pursue this field if you do not like to travel.\\nCryptozoology can be an expensive hobby. Some common costs include travel, recording equipment, and DNA testing on samples.\\n1-2. Choose a cryptid to specialize in.\\nWhile you may have a general interest in cryptids, you might want to choose one or two cryptids to focus your research on. You might choose based on geographical region or type of animal (hominid, sea creature, primate, etc.). Some cryptids you might consider include:\\n\\n This cryptid is also known as a yeti, Sasquatch, or skunk ape. While many believe that bigfoot is not real, some speculate that it is really an undiscovered giant primate. Since big foot sightings are reported around the world, this may be a good place to start if you cannot travel far.\\n El Chupacabra is a creature believed to live in South America. They are reported to suck the blood of livestock.\\n\\n the ebu gogo is a small, human-like creature that exists within the folklore of Indonesia. It is very aggressive and will eat anything.\\n1-3. Study many different fields.\\nCryptozoologists often need expertise in many different fields. Try reading up on as much biology, zoology, psychology, anthropology, and conservation as you can. This will help you understand the behavior and biology of certain cryptids.\\nLook into areas related to your cryptid. For example, if you are interested in sea creatures, you might read up on marine biology.\\nThere is no accredited degree for cryptozoology available. Online programs promising to offer degrees in it do not have accreditation.\\n1-4. Learn survival skills.\\nMost fieldwork involves going to isolated and uninhabited areas to search for cryptids. To make sure that you can survive in these regions, train yourself in wilderness survival, first aid, hunting, and other useful techniques.\\nPick up skills that will help hunt your specific cryptid. For example, if you are interested in the orang pendek of Sumatra, you may want to learn to speak Indonesian. Since it lives in trees, you may want to practice climbing trees.\\n2. Researching a Cryptid\\n2-1. Read field reports by other cryptozoologists.\\nOnce you have decided to focus on a particular cryptid, you should do as much research as you can on the creature. Other cryptozoologists have likely done work on this cryptid. Start by reading field reports, books, and studies done on the cryptid.\\n2-2. Learn what scientists say about the cryptid.\\nWhile you should read texts by cryptozoologists, you should also do some scientific and anthropological research as well. Find out what scientists think so that you can consider both sides of the argument.\\nFor example, many scientists think that most cases of El Chupacabra are really just coyotes with mange.\\n2-3. Look into folklore.\\nMany stories about cryptids are recorded in local folklore, myths, and urban legends. Read the folklore of the region you are travelling to. These stories can tell you the various names for the cryptid, what it eats, where it lives, what time of day it comes out, and how to find one.\\n2-4. Study the geography of the area.\\nMany cryptids hide within natural features of their environment, such as trees or caves. Many are well-adapted to their regions. To make sure you that you can successfully find the cryptid, examine the geographical features of its natural habitat.\\nFor example, if you are going after the Loch Ness Monster, look into the geographical features of the Loch Ness area, such as the Great Glen Fault and the River Ness.\\n3. Hunting for Cryptids\\n3-1. Plan your travel.\\nIf your cryptid lives in another part of the world, you should start saving some money to visit it. Research the specific areas where the creature lives.\\nPlan to give yourself plenty of time in the area to search for the creature. You probably will not encounter them in a day or two.\\nYou should only travel far away if you believe that the creature really does exist. If you are uncertain, you may not want to spend the money, or you may decide to look for a cryptid closer to home.\\n3-2. Pack for the expedition.\\nWhether you are traveling far away or close to home, you should pack the proper supplies for your journey. What you need may vary based on where you’re traveling and which cryptid you are looking for. In general, you will need:\\nCamera and recording equipment\\nAudio recorder\\nSterile collecting bottles, vials, and bags\\nLatex gloves\\nMarkers to label samples\\nRuler and/or measuring tape\\nMagnifying glass\\nLogbook or journal\\n3-3. Find local witnesses.\\nYou should listen to what other people have seen and heard about the creature. You can ask local librarians, policemen, town officials, and historians.These eyewitness accounts can give you clues about how to find the cryptid.\\nSome questions you might want to ask include: “What can you tell me about the bunyip?”; “Have you seen a bunyip yourself? If so, where?”; and “How does one find a bunyip?”\\nIf you are about to head out into the wilderness or if you are in an unfamiliar part of the world, you may want to consider hiring a local guide.\\n3-4. Perform fieldwork.\\nFieldwork is the process of collecting evidence while out in the areas where the cryptid lives. Fieldwork includes taking samples, recording audio and video, and tracking footprints.\\nTake pictures of everything. If the creature is shy, you can set up a camera with an automatic timer, and leave the area for a while.\\nIf you find feces, bone, or hair, use tweezers to place the sample in a bag. Label each bag with what it is, when you collected it, and where you found it.\\nIf you find a footprint, measure it with a ruler or tape measure. Take a picture of the footprint with the ruler beside it.\\nWrite everything down. Keep a log book of everything that you do, see, hear, and find. Be as detailed as possible.\\n3-5. Recognize that there is a possibility that the cryptid may not exist.\\nSometimes you may arrive at the conclusion that your cryptid does not exist. All is not lost, however. You can simply enjoy the fact that you had an interesting experience.\\n4. Publicizing Your Work\\n4-1. Start a blog.\\nThe easiest way to talk about your cryptozoological work is to start an online blog. Publish pictures, DNA test results, recent sightings, and speculation. If you kept a log book during your fieldwork, you can publish entries from the logbook.\\nIf you keep comments open on your blog, you can hear from other cryptozoologists. They may have information related to one of your mysteries.\\nBlogs are also a great way to solicit donations for your travels and research.\\n4-2. Write a book.\\nWhile you may not become rich writing a cryptozoological book, you can make a little extra money on the side. A book requires extensive research. You can publish it traditionally or make an ebook.\\n4-3. Reach out to other cryptozoologists.\\nThere is a large community of active cryptozoologists who would love to hear about your research and findings. Online forums, blogs, and newsletters regularly advertise the latest discoveries. You may even find other people to form a research team with.\\nLook to see if there is a cryptozoological association in your local area. If there is not, you might try starting one yourself.\\nTips\\nGhosts, zombies, angels, and demons are typically not considered cryptids.\\nWarnings\\nThis research field is dangerous. Many cryptozoologists have died or have come close to death on expeditions because they were not prepared or they did not have a working knowledge of first aid or survival.\\nCryptozoology research can be very expensive. There are no scientific grants currently available to cryptozoologists. Many researchers pay with their money or with donations.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Cryptozoology is the study of animals that have been seen but not proven to exist. These animals are called cryptids. There is no qualification or certification to become a cryptozoologist, but it’s a fun hobby with a large and enthusiastic community. To enter this field, you need to do extensive research on a particular cryptid. Once you know as much as possible, you can go out to hunt the cryptid itself. Anything you find, you should publish so that other cryptozoologists can learn about your exciting new discoveries.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Deciding to Become a Cryptozoologist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if cryptozoology is right for you.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, cryptozoology is not a career. The study of cryptids is an interesting pastime for some and a passion for most. Few people can get any income from searching for creatures.\\nEven if you manage to publish a book on cryptozoology, you may not make much money. Cryptozoology for most people is a passion, not a career.\\nKeep in mind that much of cryptozoology consists of travel. It is recommended that you do not pursue this field if you do not like to travel.\\nCryptozoology can be an expensive hobby. Some common costs include travel, recording equipment, and DNA testing on samples.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a cryptid to specialize in.\", \"描述\": \"While you may have a general interest in cryptids, you might want to choose one or two cryptids to focus your research on. You might choose based on geographical region or type of animal (hominid, sea creature, primate, etc.). Some cryptids you might consider include:\\n\\n This cryptid is also known as a yeti, Sasquatch, or skunk ape. While many believe that bigfoot is not real, some speculate that it is really an undiscovered giant primate. Since big foot sightings are reported around the world, this may be a good place to start if you cannot travel far.\\n El Chupacabra is a creature believed to live in South America. They are reported to suck the blood of livestock.\\n\\n the ebu gogo is a small, human-like creature that exists within the folklore of Indonesia. It is very aggressive and will eat anything.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study many different fields.\", \"描述\": \"Cryptozoologists often need expertise in many different fields. Try reading up on as much biology, zoology, psychology, anthropology, and conservation as you can. This will help you understand the behavior and biology of certain cryptids.\\nLook into areas related to your cryptid. For example, if you are interested in sea creatures, you might read up on marine biology.\\nThere is no accredited degree for cryptozoology available. Online programs promising to offer degrees in it do not have accreditation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn survival skills.\", \"描述\": \"Most fieldwork involves going to isolated and uninhabited areas to search for cryptids. To make sure that you can survive in these regions, train yourself in wilderness survival, first aid, hunting, and other useful techniques.\\nPick up skills that will help hunt your specific cryptid. For example, if you are interested in the orang pendek of Sumatra, you may want to learn to speak Indonesian. Since it lives in trees, you may want to practice climbing trees.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Researching a Cryptid\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read field reports by other cryptozoologists.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have decided to focus on a particular cryptid, you should do as much research as you can on the creature. Other cryptozoologists have likely done work on this cryptid. Start by reading field reports, books, and studies done on the cryptid.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn what scientists say about the cryptid.\", \"描述\": \"While you should read texts by cryptozoologists, you should also do some scientific and anthropological research as well. Find out what scientists think so that you can consider both sides of the argument.\\nFor example, many scientists think that most cases of El Chupacabra are really just coyotes with mange.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look into folklore.\", \"描述\": \"Many stories about cryptids are recorded in local folklore, myths, and urban legends. Read the folklore of the region you are travelling to. These stories can tell you the various names for the cryptid, what it eats, where it lives, what time of day it comes out, and how to find one.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the geography of the area.\", \"描述\": \"Many cryptids hide within natural features of their environment, such as trees or caves. Many are well-adapted to their regions. To make sure you that you can successfully find the cryptid, examine the geographical features of its natural habitat.\\nFor example, if you are going after the Loch Ness Monster, look into the geographical features of the Loch Ness area, such as the Great Glen Fault and the River Ness.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hunting for Cryptids\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plan your travel.\", \"描述\": \"If your cryptid lives in another part of the world, you should start saving some money to visit it. Research the specific areas where the creature lives.\\nPlan to give yourself plenty of time in the area to search for the creature. You probably will not encounter them in a day or two.\\nYou should only travel far away if you believe that the creature really does exist. If you are uncertain, you may not want to spend the money, or you may decide to look for a cryptid closer to home.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pack for the expedition.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you are traveling far away or close to home, you should pack the proper supplies for your journey. What you need may vary based on where you’re traveling and which cryptid you are looking for. In general, you will need:\\nCamera and recording equipment\\nAudio recorder\\nSterile collecting bottles, vials, and bags\\nLatex gloves\\nMarkers to label samples\\nRuler and/or measuring tape\\nMagnifying glass\\nLogbook or journal\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find local witnesses.\", \"描述\": \"You should listen to what other people have seen and heard about the creature. You can ask local librarians, policemen, town officials, and historians.These eyewitness accounts can give you clues about how to find the cryptid.\\nSome questions you might want to ask include: “What can you tell me about the bunyip?”; “Have you seen a bunyip yourself? If so, where?”; and “How does one find a bunyip?”\\nIf you are about to head out into the wilderness or if you are in an unfamiliar part of the world, you may want to consider hiring a local guide.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Perform fieldwork.\", \"描述\": \"Fieldwork is the process of collecting evidence while out in the areas where the cryptid lives. Fieldwork includes taking samples, recording audio and video, and tracking footprints.\\nTake pictures of everything. If the creature is shy, you can set up a camera with an automatic timer, and leave the area for a while.\\nIf you find feces, bone, or hair, use tweezers to place the sample in a bag. Label each bag with what it is, when you collected it, and where you found it.\\nIf you find a footprint, measure it with a ruler or tape measure. Take a picture of the footprint with the ruler beside it.\\nWrite everything down. Keep a log book of everything that you do, see, hear, and find. Be as detailed as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Recognize that there is a possibility that the cryptid may not exist.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes you may arrive at the conclusion that your cryptid does not exist. All is not lost, however. You can simply enjoy the fact that you had an interesting experience.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Publicizing Your Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start a blog.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to talk about your cryptozoological work is to start an online blog. Publish pictures, DNA test results, recent sightings, and speculation. If you kept a log book during your fieldwork, you can publish entries from the logbook.\\nIf you keep comments open on your blog, you can hear from other cryptozoologists. They may have information related to one of your mysteries.\\nBlogs are also a great way to solicit donations for your travels and research.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write a book.\", \"描述\": \"While you may not become rich writing a cryptozoological book, you can make a little extra money on the side. A book requires extensive research. You can publish it traditionally or make an ebook.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Reach out to other cryptozoologists.\", \"描述\": \"There is a large community of active cryptozoologists who would love to hear about your research and findings. Online forums, blogs, and newsletters regularly advertise the latest discoveries. You may even find other people to form a research team with.\\nLook to see if there is a cryptozoological association in your local area. If there is not, you might try starting one yourself.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Ghosts, zombies, angels, and demons are typically not considered cryptids.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"This research field is dangerous. Many cryptozoologists have died or have come close to death on expeditions because they were not prepared or they did not have a working knowledge of first aid or survival.\\n\", \"Cryptozoology research can be very expensive. There are no scientific grants currently available to cryptozoologists. Many researchers pay with their money or with donations.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,313 |
How to Become a Curmudgeon
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1. Having a Curmudgeon's Personality
1-1. Become an independent thinker, and go against the grain.
Curmudgeons take pride in being contrarians. They don't just take the popular positions or the easy ones. They aren't scared to go against the grain.
Most settings actually need contrarians, although they can ruffle feathers. Academia is one field that some experts believe has a lot of curmudgeons. Of course, if you have the job protection tenure affords, you can afford to risk being contrary to people in power.
Curmudgeons do not go along with the group in order to get along. They are willing to tick everyone off to voice their stance on an issue, even if they become unpopular as a result. The old Winston Churchill quote comes to mind: “You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life.”
1-2. Be a leader, not a follower of trends!
Learn to think for yourself. If a popular media figure says something is great, you don't care for it. Curmudgeons don't need to have the newest gadget or the biggest house.
Curmudgeons are the setters of trends. They have their own minds, values, and trends. They are willing to be the one person wearing the bow tie in the group. Their dress often highlights the fact they stand outside the group.
Curmudgeons cultivate their individuality in literature, movies, and food, as well as dress. Above all, they stay true to their own likes. They aren't chameleons who adopt the interests of others or the whole.
1-3. Focus on the greater good.
At their best, curmudgeons can be the way they are because they are caring people working for a cause or to champion a set of principles. There is such a thing as a “lovable curmudgeon.” The kind of curmudgeon you should want to be is the grumpy guy (or gal) who's willing to say what it takes to make things right even if he or she gets painted in a negative fashion as a result, but who does it for a greater good, not to harm someone else.
Deep down, many curmudgeons are caring people who put the interests of others first, and in fact think they are serving some greater good by complaining. They are willing to risk their jobs and reputations to advance values they hold dear. There is something admirable about that.
What curmudgeons are not is cruel. They don't try to punish or hurt individuals; they are too busy warring against systems for that. They aren't mean. Grouchy? Yes. Cruel? No.
1-4. Develop a sense of humor.
Curmudgeons aren't always super serious. They can dominate a stage with a big, charismatic personality. They like attention.
Tell good stories. Work up some good short stories that tell about interesting experiences you've had or people you've known. Learn how to time them so they are never boring or repetitive. An ironic twist at the end is helpful.
Find the humor in at least five things you see every day. Smile or laugh and catch someone's eye to share the moment.
1-5. Stay traditional, even when society changes around you.
Curmudgeons are throwbacks. They are the guys who stick to the old ways as the world changes around them. Poke around the attic, garage or basement until you find that old thing you used to use, rather than buying something new.
You will see this in the way they dress. The typical curmudgeon wears a flannel shirt and grumpy old man hat. You don't have to do this. Just be aware that you won't find a curmudgeon acting slavish to a trend. They don't care about “fitting in” or seeming modern. They might prefer vintage dress.
In terms of attitude and values, curmudgeons will stick to a core set of principles even if, at times, the world changes around them. Sometimes they advance the positions of their childhood. Curmudgeons know who they are and what they believe in. They aren't insecure.
2. Acting Like a Curmudgeon
2-1. Avoid collaboration and being part of “the group.”
Curmudgeons are known for rejecting collaboration, and civility is not always their strong suit. At the same time, curmudgeons will at times build alliances with friends and allies on the side.
With their own unique flair and pizzazz, curmudgeons will occupy the center stage with humor or sarcasm. They prefer a heated debate or engaging in lengthy discussion before reaching any consensus with others (if they ever do).
Curmudgeons sometimes style themselves as gadflies or whistle blowers who are willing to say things that other people dare not. Although this can make them very disliked, there are times when they spot things that are real problems. Thus, while written off as cranks sometimes, they can at times offer valuable advice to an institution by playing the role of constant devil's advocate.
2-2. Reject authority or at least don't buy into the notion that authority is always right.
Curmudgeons are the sort that constantly pokes at administrators or bosses. They don't naturally accept that people are right just because they have ascended to power.
Sometimes curmudgeons become such because they have become outcasts or don't belong to the internal network that produces leaders in an institution through “who you know.” They want to have a voice, and they think they have ideas to contribute, but they have no other way to make their voice heard.
At times, leaders aren't doing a good job but everyone else fears confronting them. Curmudgeons are willing to call out problems that others look the other way on. The leaders may dismiss their complaints.
2-3. Make sure you pick your battles.
If you want to be a curmudgeon who plays an important role versus one who is a negative whiner, you should make sure you ground your complaints in knowledge.
Have legitimate and rational concerns when you do express your opinions. Don't go to war over everything or people will start tuning you out. Take a stand when you think it really matters.
Ground your complaints in evidence. If you back up what you say instead of just complaining all the time, you will be taken more seriously.
2-4. Present a grumpy, or at least a serious vibe.
Curmudgeons are not known for their joyous, happy or vibrant personalities. They are more likely to see the world through negative blinders.
There are young curmudgeons. They are the kind of people that others deem to be “old souls.” They seem to have a window into aspects of the world that others miss as they go about their happy ways.
Even if curmudgeons do experience happiness and joy, they don't wear those emotions on their sleeves. They're introverted about sharing emotions, other than crabbiness or concern, although they periodically break that up with sarcastic humor.
2-5. Show that you have standards.
Curmudgeons stick to the rules, and they aren't afraid to hold people to them. In a world where sometimes it seems like “anything goes,” curmudgeons aren't afraid of hurting people's feelings.
A memo from a curmudgeon might explain that they expect to see no grammatical or typographical errors in your text.
They will likely present a lengthy list of rules. In fact, they will use rules as their key weapon. They will know the rules better than anyone else does. They sometimes overplay their hands, though. Still, at a law firm, a curmudgeon might justify his (or her) sticking to the rules because it's important to win for a client. And you know what? They can be right.
3. Determine the Kind of Curmudgeon You Want to Be
3-1. Figure out the kind of curmudgeon you are emulating.
Some dictionaries say the word stems from the word crab and the word cur, which meant dog or a “disagreeable person” in Gaelic.
Some of the definitions of curmudgeon are not positive. For example, a curmudgeon is defined at times as a “crusty, ill-tempered” old man. In popular culture, curmudgeons are typically older men with grouchy attitudes.
However, not all definitions of the word are negative. For example, an alternative definition says curmudgeons are people with stubborn ideas or opinions. This might be laughed at by some, but it can be a strength at times. It's certainly necessary for any institution or society to have people willing to say what no one else will.
3-2. Realize that sometimes grumpiness is camouflaging a medical issue.
Studies show that curmudgeons are more likely to be males and over the age of 70 - although they do exist among all demographics. There are physiological changes that occur with age and that can cause a worsening of mood.
Sometimes men are really experiencing physical symptoms – like declining testosterone levels – that make them grumpier. If you feel like a curmudgeon, but don't want to be one, see a doctor. Maybe there is a medical issue that a doctor can address.
If you are feeling depressed on a constant basis, that's not a good place to be. It's different if you are choosing to be a curmudgeon and are happy in that state (even if you don't show it). But if you are suffering signs of clinical depression, contact a doctor or therapist. There are many resources available to help you.
3-3. Study famous curmudgeons to get a sense of how to do it with style.
Start paying attention, and you will see curmudgeons in public life everywhere. They are a common character in movies and politics, for starters.
Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is sometimes considered a curmudgeon. This is because he will often play the iconoclast, and his contrary opinions are often filled with words that are designed to have an attention-getting flair. However, he has an underlying mission and stays true to his stated values - he wants to make a point about the problems with the majority decision. Curmudgeons consider themselves lonely arbiters of common sense – and sometimes they are right.
Clint Eastwood in the movie “Gran Torino” is a curmudgeon. “Get off my lawn,” is his famous catchphrase. Walter Matthau is a curmudgeon in the movie “Grumpy Old Men.” Bill Murray in the movie "St. Vincent". Dana Carvey's character “Grumpy Old Man” on Saturday Night Live is a curmudgeon.
Tips
If you must smoke tobacco, make it a cigar or use a pipe.
Do not smell! Bathe regularly and do not use colognes. Nothing blows your effectiveness as a speaker more than bad or overwhelming odors!
Dress for comfort, but don't make it an excuse to wear dirty, sloppy or horrible looking clothes. You don't want to draw ridicule or negative attention.
Warnings
You may lose friends when you stop agreeing with people all the time, but they are seldom friends you will miss much.
Curmudgeons can look kind of pathetic on the dating scene, as they can be so out of touch as to send dates running out the back door. Get some advice from a kind friend before dating - on appropriate dress, behavior and conversation topics. It's ruthless out there!
Not all curmudgeons are equal. There are some bitter ones, stupid ones, wise ones and sweet ones. Try to be the latter.
If you need to work for a living, you may need to tone down your curmudgeonly tendencies at work, or at least with the boss.
Some curmudgeons resort to punning - proceed at your own risk!
Do not get drunk. Nothing makes you stupid or mean faster than getting sloppy with your drinking.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Having a Curmudgeon's Personality\\n1-1. Become an independent thinker, and go against the grain.\\nCurmudgeons take pride in being contrarians. They don't just take the popular positions or the easy ones. They aren't scared to go against the grain.\\nMost settings actually need contrarians, although they can ruffle feathers. Academia is one field that some experts believe has a lot of curmudgeons. Of course, if you have the job protection tenure affords, you can afford to risk being contrary to people in power.\\nCurmudgeons do not go along with the group in order to get along. They are willing to tick everyone off to voice their stance on an issue, even if they become unpopular as a result. The old Winston Churchill quote comes to mind: “You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life.”\\n1-2. Be a leader, not a follower of trends!\\nLearn to think for yourself. If a popular media figure says something is great, you don't care for it. Curmudgeons don't need to have the newest gadget or the biggest house.\\nCurmudgeons are the setters of trends. They have their own minds, values, and trends. They are willing to be the one person wearing the bow tie in the group. Their dress often highlights the fact they stand outside the group.\\nCurmudgeons cultivate their individuality in literature, movies, and food, as well as dress. Above all, they stay true to their own likes. They aren't chameleons who adopt the interests of others or the whole.\\n1-3. Focus on the greater good.\\nAt their best, curmudgeons can be the way they are because they are caring people working for a cause or to champion a set of principles. There is such a thing as a “lovable curmudgeon.” The kind of curmudgeon you should want to be is the grumpy guy (or gal) who's willing to say what it takes to make things right even if he or she gets painted in a negative fashion as a result, but who does it for a greater good, not to harm someone else.\\nDeep down, many curmudgeons are caring people who put the interests of others first, and in fact think they are serving some greater good by complaining. They are willing to risk their jobs and reputations to advance values they hold dear. There is something admirable about that.\\nWhat curmudgeons are not is cruel. They don't try to punish or hurt individuals; they are too busy warring against systems for that. They aren't mean. Grouchy? Yes. Cruel? No.\\n1-4. Develop a sense of humor.\\nCurmudgeons aren't always super serious. They can dominate a stage with a big, charismatic personality. They like attention.\\nTell good stories. Work up some good short stories that tell about interesting experiences you've had or people you've known. Learn how to time them so they are never boring or repetitive. An ironic twist at the end is helpful.\\nFind the humor in at least five things you see every day. Smile or laugh and catch someone's eye to share the moment.\\n1-5. Stay traditional, even when society changes around you.\\nCurmudgeons are throwbacks. They are the guys who stick to the old ways as the world changes around them. Poke around the attic, garage or basement until you find that old thing you used to use, rather than buying something new.\\nYou will see this in the way they dress. The typical curmudgeon wears a flannel shirt and grumpy old man hat. You don't have to do this. Just be aware that you won't find a curmudgeon acting slavish to a trend. They don't care about “fitting in” or seeming modern. They might prefer vintage dress.\\nIn terms of attitude and values, curmudgeons will stick to a core set of principles even if, at times, the world changes around them. Sometimes they advance the positions of their childhood. Curmudgeons know who they are and what they believe in. They aren't insecure.\\n2. Acting Like a Curmudgeon\\n2-1. Avoid collaboration and being part of “the group.”\\nCurmudgeons are known for rejecting collaboration, and civility is not always their strong suit. At the same time, curmudgeons will at times build alliances with friends and allies on the side.\\nWith their own unique flair and pizzazz, curmudgeons will occupy the center stage with humor or sarcasm. They prefer a heated debate or engaging in lengthy discussion before reaching any consensus with others (if they ever do).\\nCurmudgeons sometimes style themselves as gadflies or whistle blowers who are willing to say things that other people dare not. Although this can make them very disliked, there are times when they spot things that are real problems. Thus, while written off as cranks sometimes, they can at times offer valuable advice to an institution by playing the role of constant devil's advocate.\\n2-2. Reject authority or at least don't buy into the notion that authority is always right.\\nCurmudgeons are the sort that constantly pokes at administrators or bosses. They don't naturally accept that people are right just because they have ascended to power.\\nSometimes curmudgeons become such because they have become outcasts or don't belong to the internal network that produces leaders in an institution through “who you know.” They want to have a voice, and they think they have ideas to contribute, but they have no other way to make their voice heard.\\nAt times, leaders aren't doing a good job but everyone else fears confronting them. Curmudgeons are willing to call out problems that others look the other way on. The leaders may dismiss their complaints.\\n2-3. Make sure you pick your battles.\\nIf you want to be a curmudgeon who plays an important role versus one who is a negative whiner, you should make sure you ground your complaints in knowledge.\\nHave legitimate and rational concerns when you do express your opinions. Don't go to war over everything or people will start tuning you out. Take a stand when you think it really matters.\\nGround your complaints in evidence. If you back up what you say instead of just complaining all the time, you will be taken more seriously.\\n2-4. Present a grumpy, or at least a serious vibe.\\nCurmudgeons are not known for their joyous, happy or vibrant personalities. They are more likely to see the world through negative blinders.\\nThere are young curmudgeons. They are the kind of people that others deem to be “old souls.” They seem to have a window into aspects of the world that others miss as they go about their happy ways.\\nEven if curmudgeons do experience happiness and joy, they don't wear those emotions on their sleeves. They're introverted about sharing emotions, other than crabbiness or concern, although they periodically break that up with sarcastic humor.\\n2-5. Show that you have standards.\\nCurmudgeons stick to the rules, and they aren't afraid to hold people to them. In a world where sometimes it seems like “anything goes,” curmudgeons aren't afraid of hurting people's feelings.\\nA memo from a curmudgeon might explain that they expect to see no grammatical or typographical errors in your text.\\nThey will likely present a lengthy list of rules. In fact, they will use rules as their key weapon. They will know the rules better than anyone else does. They sometimes overplay their hands, though. Still, at a law firm, a curmudgeon might justify his (or her) sticking to the rules because it's important to win for a client. And you know what? They can be right.\\n3. Determine the Kind of Curmudgeon You Want to Be\\n3-1. Figure out the kind of curmudgeon you are emulating.\\nSome dictionaries say the word stems from the word crab and the word cur, which meant dog or a “disagreeable person” in Gaelic.\\nSome of the definitions of curmudgeon are not positive. For example, a curmudgeon is defined at times as a “crusty, ill-tempered” old man. In popular culture, curmudgeons are typically older men with grouchy attitudes.\\nHowever, not all definitions of the word are negative. For example, an alternative definition says curmudgeons are people with stubborn ideas or opinions. This might be laughed at by some, but it can be a strength at times. It's certainly necessary for any institution or society to have people willing to say what no one else will.\\n3-2. Realize that sometimes grumpiness is camouflaging a medical issue.\\nStudies show that curmudgeons are more likely to be males and over the age of 70 - although they do exist among all demographics. There are physiological changes that occur with age and that can cause a worsening of mood.\\nSometimes men are really experiencing physical symptoms – like declining testosterone levels – that make them grumpier. If you feel like a curmudgeon, but don't want to be one, see a doctor. Maybe there is a medical issue that a doctor can address.\\nIf you are feeling depressed on a constant basis, that's not a good place to be. It's different if you are choosing to be a curmudgeon and are happy in that state (even if you don't show it). But if you are suffering signs of clinical depression, contact a doctor or therapist. There are many resources available to help you.\\n3-3. Study famous curmudgeons to get a sense of how to do it with style.\\nStart paying attention, and you will see curmudgeons in public life everywhere. They are a common character in movies and politics, for starters.\\nSupreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is sometimes considered a curmudgeon. This is because he will often play the iconoclast, and his contrary opinions are often filled with words that are designed to have an attention-getting flair. However, he has an underlying mission and stays true to his stated values - he wants to make a point about the problems with the majority decision. Curmudgeons consider themselves lonely arbiters of common sense – and sometimes they are right.\\nClint Eastwood in the movie “Gran Torino” is a curmudgeon. “Get off my lawn,” is his famous catchphrase. Walter Matthau is a curmudgeon in the movie “Grumpy Old Men.” Bill Murray in the movie \\\"St. Vincent\\\". Dana Carvey's character “Grumpy Old Man” on Saturday Night Live is a curmudgeon.\\nTips\\nIf you must smoke tobacco, make it a cigar or use a pipe.\\nDo not smell! Bathe regularly and do not use colognes. Nothing blows your effectiveness as a speaker more than bad or overwhelming odors!\\nDress for comfort, but don't make it an excuse to wear dirty, sloppy or horrible looking clothes. You don't want to draw ridicule or negative attention.\\nWarnings\\nYou may lose friends when you stop agreeing with people all the time, but they are seldom friends you will miss much.\\nCurmudgeons can look kind of pathetic on the dating scene, as they can be so out of touch as to send dates running out the back door. Get some advice from a kind friend before dating - on appropriate dress, behavior and conversation topics. It's ruthless out there!\\nNot all curmudgeons are equal. There are some bitter ones, stupid ones, wise ones and sweet ones. Try to be the latter.\\nIf you need to work for a living, you may need to tone down your curmudgeonly tendencies at work, or at least with the boss.\\nSome curmudgeons resort to punning - proceed at your own risk!\\nDo not get drunk. Nothing makes you stupid or mean faster than getting sloppy with your drinking.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Curmudgeons are usually cast as grumpy old men, along the lines of Walter Matthau or Andy Rooney. The truth is that they can be any gender or any age, though. It's a mindset! There are positives to being a curmudgeon, and they are necessary in any society. Here's how you can be one.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Having a Curmudgeon's Personality\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become an independent thinker, and go against the grain.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons take pride in being contrarians. They don't just take the popular positions or the easy ones. They aren't scared to go against the grain.\\nMost settings actually need contrarians, although they can ruffle feathers. Academia is one field that some experts believe has a lot of curmudgeons. Of course, if you have the job protection tenure affords, you can afford to risk being contrary to people in power.\\nCurmudgeons do not go along with the group in order to get along. They are willing to tick everyone off to voice their stance on an issue, even if they become unpopular as a result. The old Winston Churchill quote comes to mind: “You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a leader, not a follower of trends!\", \"描述\": \"Learn to think for yourself. If a popular media figure says something is great, you don't care for it. Curmudgeons don't need to have the newest gadget or the biggest house.\\nCurmudgeons are the setters of trends. They have their own minds, values, and trends. They are willing to be the one person wearing the bow tie in the group. Their dress often highlights the fact they stand outside the group.\\nCurmudgeons cultivate their individuality in literature, movies, and food, as well as dress. Above all, they stay true to their own likes. They aren't chameleons who adopt the interests of others or the whole.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on the greater good.\", \"描述\": \"At their best, curmudgeons can be the way they are because they are caring people working for a cause or to champion a set of principles. There is such a thing as a “lovable curmudgeon.” The kind of curmudgeon you should want to be is the grumpy guy (or gal) who's willing to say what it takes to make things right even if he or she gets painted in a negative fashion as a result, but who does it for a greater good, not to harm someone else.\\nDeep down, many curmudgeons are caring people who put the interests of others first, and in fact think they are serving some greater good by complaining. They are willing to risk their jobs and reputations to advance values they hold dear. There is something admirable about that.\\nWhat curmudgeons are not is cruel. They don't try to punish or hurt individuals; they are too busy warring against systems for that. They aren't mean. Grouchy? Yes. Cruel? No.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a sense of humor.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons aren't always super serious. They can dominate a stage with a big, charismatic personality. They like attention.\\nTell good stories. Work up some good short stories that tell about interesting experiences you've had or people you've known. Learn how to time them so they are never boring or repetitive. An ironic twist at the end is helpful.\\nFind the humor in at least five things you see every day. Smile or laugh and catch someone's eye to share the moment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay traditional, even when society changes around you.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons are throwbacks. They are the guys who stick to the old ways as the world changes around them. Poke around the attic, garage or basement until you find that old thing you used to use, rather than buying something new.\\nYou will see this in the way they dress. The typical curmudgeon wears a flannel shirt and grumpy old man hat. You don't have to do this. Just be aware that you won't find a curmudgeon acting slavish to a trend. They don't care about “fitting in” or seeming modern. They might prefer vintage dress.\\nIn terms of attitude and values, curmudgeons will stick to a core set of principles even if, at times, the world changes around them. Sometimes they advance the positions of their childhood. Curmudgeons know who they are and what they believe in. They aren't insecure.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acting Like a Curmudgeon\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid collaboration and being part of “the group.”\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons are known for rejecting collaboration, and civility is not always their strong suit. At the same time, curmudgeons will at times build alliances with friends and allies on the side.\\nWith their own unique flair and pizzazz, curmudgeons will occupy the center stage with humor or sarcasm. They prefer a heated debate or engaging in lengthy discussion before reaching any consensus with others (if they ever do).\\nCurmudgeons sometimes style themselves as gadflies or whistle blowers who are willing to say things that other people dare not. Although this can make them very disliked, there are times when they spot things that are real problems. Thus, while written off as cranks sometimes, they can at times offer valuable advice to an institution by playing the role of constant devil's advocate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Reject authority or at least don't buy into the notion that authority is always right.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons are the sort that constantly pokes at administrators or bosses. They don't naturally accept that people are right just because they have ascended to power.\\nSometimes curmudgeons become such because they have become outcasts or don't belong to the internal network that produces leaders in an institution through “who you know.” They want to have a voice, and they think they have ideas to contribute, but they have no other way to make their voice heard.\\nAt times, leaders aren't doing a good job but everyone else fears confronting them. Curmudgeons are willing to call out problems that others look the other way on. The leaders may dismiss their complaints.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you pick your battles.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a curmudgeon who plays an important role versus one who is a negative whiner, you should make sure you ground your complaints in knowledge.\\nHave legitimate and rational concerns when you do express your opinions. Don't go to war over everything or people will start tuning you out. Take a stand when you think it really matters.\\nGround your complaints in evidence. If you back up what you say instead of just complaining all the time, you will be taken more seriously.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Present a grumpy, or at least a serious vibe.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons are not known for their joyous, happy or vibrant personalities. They are more likely to see the world through negative blinders.\\nThere are young curmudgeons. They are the kind of people that others deem to be “old souls.” They seem to have a window into aspects of the world that others miss as they go about their happy ways.\\nEven if curmudgeons do experience happiness and joy, they don't wear those emotions on their sleeves. They're introverted about sharing emotions, other than crabbiness or concern, although they periodically break that up with sarcastic humor.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Show that you have standards.\", \"描述\": \"Curmudgeons stick to the rules, and they aren't afraid to hold people to them. In a world where sometimes it seems like “anything goes,” curmudgeons aren't afraid of hurting people's feelings.\\nA memo from a curmudgeon might explain that they expect to see no grammatical or typographical errors in your text.\\nThey will likely present a lengthy list of rules. In fact, they will use rules as their key weapon. They will know the rules better than anyone else does. They sometimes overplay their hands, though. Still, at a law firm, a curmudgeon might justify his (or her) sticking to the rules because it's important to win for a client. And you know what? They can be right.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Determine the Kind of Curmudgeon You Want to Be\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Figure out the kind of curmudgeon you are emulating.\", \"描述\": \"Some dictionaries say the word stems from the word crab and the word cur, which meant dog or a “disagreeable person” in Gaelic.\\nSome of the definitions of curmudgeon are not positive. For example, a curmudgeon is defined at times as a “crusty, ill-tempered” old man. In popular culture, curmudgeons are typically older men with grouchy attitudes.\\nHowever, not all definitions of the word are negative. For example, an alternative definition says curmudgeons are people with stubborn ideas or opinions. This might be laughed at by some, but it can be a strength at times. It's certainly necessary for any institution or society to have people willing to say what no one else will.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Realize that sometimes grumpiness is camouflaging a medical issue.\", \"描述\": \"Studies show that curmudgeons are more likely to be males and over the age of 70 - although they do exist among all demographics. There are physiological changes that occur with age and that can cause a worsening of mood.\\nSometimes men are really experiencing physical symptoms – like declining testosterone levels – that make them grumpier. If you feel like a curmudgeon, but don't want to be one, see a doctor. Maybe there is a medical issue that a doctor can address.\\nIf you are feeling depressed on a constant basis, that's not a good place to be. It's different if you are choosing to be a curmudgeon and are happy in that state (even if you don't show it). But if you are suffering signs of clinical depression, contact a doctor or therapist. There are many resources available to help you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study famous curmudgeons to get a sense of how to do it with style.\", \"描述\": \"Start paying attention, and you will see curmudgeons in public life everywhere. They are a common character in movies and politics, for starters.\\nSupreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is sometimes considered a curmudgeon. This is because he will often play the iconoclast, and his contrary opinions are often filled with words that are designed to have an attention-getting flair. However, he has an underlying mission and stays true to his stated values - he wants to make a point about the problems with the majority decision. Curmudgeons consider themselves lonely arbiters of common sense – and sometimes they are right.\\nClint Eastwood in the movie “Gran Torino” is a curmudgeon. “Get off my lawn,” is his famous catchphrase. Walter Matthau is a curmudgeon in the movie “Grumpy Old Men.” Bill Murray in the movie \\\"St. Vincent\\\". Dana Carvey's character “Grumpy Old Man” on Saturday Night Live is a curmudgeon.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you must smoke tobacco, make it a cigar or use a pipe.\\n\", \"Do not smell! Bathe regularly and do not use colognes. Nothing blows your effectiveness as a speaker more than bad or overwhelming odors!\\n\", \"Dress for comfort, but don't make it an excuse to wear dirty, sloppy or horrible looking clothes. You don't want to draw ridicule or negative attention.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"You may lose friends when you stop agreeing with people all the time, but they are seldom friends you will miss much.\\n\", \"Curmudgeons can look kind of pathetic on the dating scene, as they can be so out of touch as to send dates running out the back door. Get some advice from a kind friend before dating - on appropriate dress, behavior and conversation topics. It's ruthless out there!\\n\", \"Not all curmudgeons are equal. There are some bitter ones, stupid ones, wise ones and sweet ones. Try to be the latter.\\n\", \"If you need to work for a living, you may need to tone down your curmudgeonly tendencies at work, or at least with the boss.\\n\", \"Some curmudgeons resort to punning - proceed at your own risk!\\n\", \"Do not get drunk. Nothing makes you stupid or mean faster than getting sloppy with your drinking.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,314 |
How to Become a DE Certified Underwriter
|
1. Steps
1-1. Take as many DE related courses as possible.
Keep in mind that the courses will not guarantee certification and that training schools that offer them are not accredited by HUD as they do not have specific accreditation requirements. Therefore, training schools cannot promise that an underwriter is guaranteed DE-certification.
1-2. Apply for positions with lenders who are eligible for HUD approved direct endorsement underwriting.
The lender may require you to test for an underwriting position, and you may have to provide copies of any certificates you received from the DE Certification courses you have taken. Because HUD does request that the underwriter have fifteen to twenty test cases before being recommended for direct endorsement certification, it could take some time before you move onto the next step.
1-3. Request an endorsement from the lender for DE-certification.
The lender will submit the information to HUD through the Computerized Homes Underwriting Management System (CHUMS) using the Lender Access System (CLAS).
CHUMS checks the underwriter against the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System (CAIVRS) file. Once approved, CLAS sends an Underwriter Update Report with the underwriters CHUMS identification number to the lender, and the underwriter is officially certified.
Tips
Underwriters who already have valid CHUMS identification or work for an FHA approved lender do not have to re-register in order to underwrite FHA mortgages.
Warnings
Some lenders are requiring written tests to confirm that the potential employee will be qualified for direct endorsement certification. Therefore, training is important to be sure you have the knowledge necessary to pass such tests and can be certified once you are hired.
It cannot be stressed enough that mortgage training schools cannot guarantee DE-certification after students finish their courses. Because each lender determines what criteria qualify someone as a direct endorsement certified underwriter and then nominates them for certification, the requirements can be subjective depending on the letter. Before signing up for training, discuss with lenders what they may require in order to nominate you for DE-certification.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Take as many DE related courses as possible.\\nKeep in mind that the courses will not guarantee certification and that training schools that offer them are not accredited by HUD as they do not have specific accreditation requirements. Therefore, training schools cannot promise that an underwriter is guaranteed DE-certification.\\n1-2. Apply for positions with lenders who are eligible for HUD approved direct endorsement underwriting.\\nThe lender may require you to test for an underwriting position, and you may have to provide copies of any certificates you received from the DE Certification courses you have taken. Because HUD does request that the underwriter have fifteen to twenty test cases before being recommended for direct endorsement certification, it could take some time before you move onto the next step.\\n1-3. Request an endorsement from the lender for DE-certification.\\nThe lender will submit the information to HUD through the Computerized Homes Underwriting Management System (CHUMS) using the Lender Access System (CLAS).\\nCHUMS checks the underwriter against the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System (CAIVRS) file. Once approved, CLAS sends an Underwriter Update Report with the underwriters CHUMS identification number to the lender, and the underwriter is officially certified.\\nTips\\nUnderwriters who already have valid CHUMS identification or work for an FHA approved lender do not have to re-register in order to underwrite FHA mortgages.\\nWarnings\\nSome lenders are requiring written tests to confirm that the potential employee will be qualified for direct endorsement certification. Therefore, training is important to be sure you have the knowledge necessary to pass such tests and can be certified once you are hired.\\nIt cannot be stressed enough that mortgage training schools cannot guarantee DE-certification after students finish their courses. Because each lender determines what criteria qualify someone as a direct endorsement certified underwriter and then nominates them for certification, the requirements can be subjective depending on the letter. Before signing up for training, discuss with lenders what they may require in order to nominate you for DE-certification.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many underwriters are finding that markets demand is making DE certification a necessity and want to know how to become a DE-certified underwriter. DE-certification is considered the gold standard in underwriting certifications making those with certification more likely to get jobs. At one time, direct endorsement (DE) certified underwriters were approved by the Federal Housing Administration. FHA provided training and certification of all underwriters who were qualified to review and certify mortgage loan documents which were to be submitted to FHA for approval. This is no longer the case, however, and certification for DE-certified underwriters is done by lenders. Therefore, becoming a Direct Endorsement Certified Underwriter can be a fairly lengthy process.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take as many DE related courses as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Keep in mind that the courses will not guarantee certification and that training schools that offer them are not accredited by HUD as they do not have specific accreditation requirements. Therefore, training schools cannot promise that an underwriter is guaranteed DE-certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for positions with lenders who are eligible for HUD approved direct endorsement underwriting.\", \"描述\": \"The lender may require you to test for an underwriting position, and you may have to provide copies of any certificates you received from the DE Certification courses you have taken. Because HUD does request that the underwriter have fifteen to twenty test cases before being recommended for direct endorsement certification, it could take some time before you move onto the next step.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Request an endorsement from the lender for DE-certification.\", \"描述\": \"The lender will submit the information to HUD through the Computerized Homes Underwriting Management System (CHUMS) using the Lender Access System (CLAS).\\nCHUMS checks the underwriter against the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System (CAIVRS) file. Once approved, CLAS sends an Underwriter Update Report with the underwriters CHUMS identification number to the lender, and the underwriter is officially certified.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Underwriters who already have valid CHUMS identification or work for an FHA approved lender do not have to re-register in order to underwrite FHA mortgages.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Some lenders are requiring written tests to confirm that the potential employee will be qualified for direct endorsement certification. Therefore, training is important to be sure you have the knowledge necessary to pass such tests and can be certified once you are hired.\\n\", \"It cannot be stressed enough that mortgage training schools cannot guarantee DE-certification after students finish their courses. Because each lender determines what criteria qualify someone as a direct endorsement certified underwriter and then nominates them for certification, the requirements can be subjective depending on the letter. Before signing up for training, discuss with lenders what they may require in order to nominate you for DE-certification.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,315 |
How to Become a DEA Agent
|
1. Measuring Up
1-1. Know what you're getting into.
If you do an in-depth search of the net, read about the topics, be confident and try your best to be ready by training/working on yourself (mentally and physically). you'll find that the number one thing every site will tell you is that you need to seriously think about this career path. It is dangerous. It is mentally and physically exhausting. It is the very definition of difficult. It is intense. It could be fatal. It is not an episode of Breaking Bad.
You will be dealing with very dangerous people and very dangerous chemicals in very dangerous circumstances. You should know what these people do, what they are dealing what the drugs do to people, jail sentences and the prices and well basically everything about the system. It will test your physical prowess and your mental agility. It won't be glamorous. At the end of the day, you'll pine for the days of flipping burgers. This is not for the faint of heart.
1-2. Be a US citizen between the ages of 21 and 36 at the time of application.
The only exception is if you already work in a similar work environment with a similar agency and started at a younger age.
You must have a valid driver's license at the time of application.
1-3. Be willing to move.
A condition of employment is that you are willing to go anywhere they tell you to go. It's best to realize this now. The odds of you getting posted exactly where you want to be are slim to none. If you really want to be a DEA Agent, you go where they want you to go.
1-4. Go to college.
Though a Bachelor's degree is not required, it's highly advised. If you don't have one, you'll need to spend years getting experience conducting narcotics/drug related investigations, working surveillance, arresting persons suspected of drug related violations and organizing evidence. If you haven't spent your Sunday afternoons doing this, a degree you'll need.
Your Bachelor's degree would be best served in finance, accounting, computer technology, engineering or a foreign language. However, degrees in criminal justice or police science will also be received well. Your Grade Point Average (GPA) should be 2.95 or higher regardless of your degree.
1-5. Get law enforcement experience.
Most DEA agents have some type of prior law enforcement experience -- some cops, some military. Though it's not necessary, it certainly does help and make sense. Neither requires a college degree and both paths can be started near your hometown. If you don't have any experience and are young enough to still get started, consider one of these paths before you hit up the DEA for recruitment.
Again, it is possible to be a DEA fresh out of college with no experience. Both are viable options and both paths have had people who have succeeded. It's merely a personal choice.
1-6. Be in excellent physical shape.
One of the initial hurdles to becoming a DEA Agent is the PTT -- the Physical Task Test. Even they consider it rigorous. As part of the application process, you'll have to pass this. And then it's onto training, which is even more intense.
The PTT is comprised of pull ups, sit-ups, push ups, a shuttle run, and a 2-mile run. There is minimal time for rest between tasks and a minimum score must be achieved to pass.
1-7. Meet the health requirements.
In order to even be considered an applicant, you have to be in the right physical condition. That means your hearing must be unimpaired, your eyesight no weaker than 20/40 in one eye, have normal color vision, and be able to lift at least 45 lbs easily.
2. Beginning the Application Process
2-1. Contact your local DEA office.
A map of the entire nation and its offices can be found online. If that's not a current option, call (800) DEA-4288. An agent there will walk you through the basics.
S/He will probably make you very aware of the career path and its realities. They are not trying to deter you from pursuing this; they are trying to ensure you're going in with as accurate a picture as possible.
2-2. Attend an orientation session.
If you meet all the requirements at that initial meeting, your name will be put down to attend an orientation session. At this session, dress professionally and bring your ID. It is here you'll fill out an application to be considered for training.
2-3. Go through the written and oral assessment and panel interview.
The best thing you can do for yourself during this part is to breathe, dress conservatively and professionally, show you've done your research on the organization, and be personable. Confidentiality agreements are signed prior to the process, so you may find very little actual detail online and from those you ask. Just rest assured that those with even zero experience pass.
If you're looking for a really scholarly read on the DEA's hiring procedures, all the question you could possibly have are answered in the document you can find here.
2-4. Take the urinalysis drug test, medical examination, and PTT.
This one is pretty straightforward. Don't take drugs, get a good night's rest, and show up on time. Simple! Wahoo! Well, apart from the PTT requiring a super-high level of fitness.
We've already covered what the PTT will be comprised of in the aforementioned section -- now it's time to put that preparation to practice. If you don't pass this, you won't be able to continue onto BAT. You'll be eligible to reapply in a year.
2-5. Tell the truth on the polygraph examination.
A polygraph test is an exam where you're hooked up to a machine that records your bodily reactions. The idea is that when you lie, your body will show it. Don't lie and you'll pass. No problem.
2-6. Score well on the psychological assessments.
The two tests in question are the MMPI-2 and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, assessing your personality and your psychopathology. The short MMPI comes in at around 300 questions, with the long version clocking it at 567. Needless to say, these tests take their sweet time.
There will be a psychologist on staff who will help you clarify any answers if need be. They are there to assist and will be present and available when your test is being processed. If you'd like to talk to them, they'd love to help.
Some of the questions on the MMPI are straight up silly. "Do you often see ghosts?" is just one example. Often the same question is repeated in different forms and they are testing for consistency.
2-7. Pass the background investigation.
Again -- another step where if you're honest (and your record clean), you'll be fine. They'll ask you for references, fingerprint you, assess your moral character and reputation, the whole shebang. If your record is clean (which it better be) and your references check out, this will not be an issue.
This will include obtaining information focusing on your personal history and education, personal and professional references, in addition to your work history.
2-8. Be approved at the final hiring decision.
After all these tests are done, you'll receive notice of whether or not you're cleared to start training in Virginia. If you don't receive notice automatically, don't fret. These things take time.
3. Training and Being an Agent
3-1. Start BAT.
The Basic Agent Training (BAT) for DEA agents is an intense, 18 week long program that is completed at the training facility located in Quantico, Virginia. This is 18 weeks of testing your mental and physical powers.
You'll be studying undercover, surveillance and arrest techniques, defensive tactics and firearms training. In addition, you'll learn the basics of report writing, law and drug identification and recognition. Apart from the mental aspect, you will constantly undergo intense physical training.
It's basically boot camp. Your superiors will rip into you, cutting out the fat from the meat, if you will. If you don't have the perseverance and fortitude to withstand the verbal and physical abuse, you won't make it. During the first month or so, trainees usually drop like flies.
3-2. Get your assignment.
Between the 8th and 12th week of your training, you'll receive notice of your post. There's no promise how long each post will last. An assignment may entail being transferred to any location based upon the operational requirements and needs of the Drug Enforcement Agency.
3-3. Start being a superhero.
A day on the job will be anything but boring. It will include investigating cases aimed at preventing the spread of drug use and putting those violators behind bars. You will be infiltrating drug rings, confiscating substances, testifying in court, and promoting educational programs.
DEA agents will have to interview witnesses, collect evidence, and facilitate sting operations when required. Completing the investigation will involve written reports, wrapping up cases.
3-4. Work hard.
You'll be working with DTO's (drug trafficking organizations) and CS' (confidential sources) -- aka "snitches" -- on the big cases. Other days you'll be filing paperwork and sitting at your desk frustrated because you feel like you're getting nowhere. Whatever it is you're doing, it'll be intense -- sometimes physically, sometimes mentally, sometimes both.
It is possible that you could eventually be assigned to a task in a foreign office maintained by the DEA. They have 87 foreign offices in 63 different countries. Agents go wherever drug enforcement laws affecting the US must take them. If you have a family, consider the fact that you may be required to travel on a moment's notice.
3-5. Coordinate with other authorities.
On any case, you won't be the only Big Kahuna on the job. An integral part of your work is coordinating with local, state or federal agencies that have legal jurisdiction over the investigation. You all must work as a team to get the job done.
Tips
Make copies of everything. If anyone on their end messes up (which does happen), you'll be able to pick up their slack. The last thing you want is an email saying you didn't submit something when you actually did.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:42",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Measuring Up\\n1-1. Know what you're getting into.\\nIf you do an in-depth search of the net, read about the topics, be confident and try your best to be ready by training/working on yourself (mentally and physically). you'll find that the number one thing every site will tell you is that you need to seriously think about this career path. It is dangerous. It is mentally and physically exhausting. It is the very definition of difficult. It is intense. It could be fatal. It is not an episode of Breaking Bad.\\nYou will be dealing with very dangerous people and very dangerous chemicals in very dangerous circumstances. You should know what these people do, what they are dealing what the drugs do to people, jail sentences and the prices and well basically everything about the system. It will test your physical prowess and your mental agility. It won't be glamorous. At the end of the day, you'll pine for the days of flipping burgers. This is not for the faint of heart.\\n1-2. Be a US citizen between the ages of 21 and 36 at the time of application.\\nThe only exception is if you already work in a similar work environment with a similar agency and started at a younger age.\\nYou must have a valid driver's license at the time of application.\\n1-3. Be willing to move.\\nA condition of employment is that you are willing to go anywhere they tell you to go. It's best to realize this now. The odds of you getting posted exactly where you want to be are slim to none. If you really want to be a DEA Agent, you go where they want you to go.\\n1-4. Go to college.\\nThough a Bachelor's degree is not required, it's highly advised. If you don't have one, you'll need to spend years getting experience conducting narcotics/drug related investigations, working surveillance, arresting persons suspected of drug related violations and organizing evidence. If you haven't spent your Sunday afternoons doing this, a degree you'll need.\\nYour Bachelor's degree would be best served in finance, accounting, computer technology, engineering or a foreign language. However, degrees in criminal justice or police science will also be received well. Your Grade Point Average (GPA) should be 2.95 or higher regardless of your degree.\\n1-5. Get law enforcement experience.\\nMost DEA agents have some type of prior law enforcement experience -- some cops, some military. Though it's not necessary, it certainly does help and make sense. Neither requires a college degree and both paths can be started near your hometown. If you don't have any experience and are young enough to still get started, consider one of these paths before you hit up the DEA for recruitment.\\nAgain, it is possible to be a DEA fresh out of college with no experience. Both are viable options and both paths have had people who have succeeded. It's merely a personal choice.\\n1-6. Be in excellent physical shape.\\nOne of the initial hurdles to becoming a DEA Agent is the PTT -- the Physical Task Test. Even they consider it rigorous. As part of the application process, you'll have to pass this. And then it's onto training, which is even more intense.\\nThe PTT is comprised of pull ups, sit-ups, push ups, a shuttle run, and a 2-mile run. There is minimal time for rest between tasks and a minimum score must be achieved to pass.\\n1-7. Meet the health requirements.\\nIn order to even be considered an applicant, you have to be in the right physical condition. That means your hearing must be unimpaired, your eyesight no weaker than 20/40 in one eye, have normal color vision, and be able to lift at least 45 lbs easily.\\n2. Beginning the Application Process\\n2-1. Contact your local DEA office.\\nA map of the entire nation and its offices can be found online. If that's not a current option, call (800) DEA-4288. An agent there will walk you through the basics.\\nS/He will probably make you very aware of the career path and its realities. They are not trying to deter you from pursuing this; they are trying to ensure you're going in with as accurate a picture as possible.\\n2-2. Attend an orientation session.\\nIf you meet all the requirements at that initial meeting, your name will be put down to attend an orientation session. At this session, dress professionally and bring your ID. It is here you'll fill out an application to be considered for training.\\n2-3. Go through the written and oral assessment and panel interview.\\nThe best thing you can do for yourself during this part is to breathe, dress conservatively and professionally, show you've done your research on the organization, and be personable. Confidentiality agreements are signed prior to the process, so you may find very little actual detail online and from those you ask. Just rest assured that those with even zero experience pass.\\nIf you're looking for a really scholarly read on the DEA's hiring procedures, all the question you could possibly have are answered in the document you can find here.\\n2-4. Take the urinalysis drug test, medical examination, and PTT.\\nThis one is pretty straightforward. Don't take drugs, get a good night's rest, and show up on time. Simple! Wahoo! Well, apart from the PTT requiring a super-high level of fitness.\\nWe've already covered what the PTT will be comprised of in the aforementioned section -- now it's time to put that preparation to practice. If you don't pass this, you won't be able to continue onto BAT. You'll be eligible to reapply in a year.\\n2-5. Tell the truth on the polygraph examination.\\nA polygraph test is an exam where you're hooked up to a machine that records your bodily reactions. The idea is that when you lie, your body will show it. Don't lie and you'll pass. No problem.\\n2-6. Score well on the psychological assessments.\\nThe two tests in question are the MMPI-2 and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, assessing your personality and your psychopathology. The short MMPI comes in at around 300 questions, with the long version clocking it at 567. Needless to say, these tests take their sweet time.\\nThere will be a psychologist on staff who will help you clarify any answers if need be. They are there to assist and will be present and available when your test is being processed. If you'd like to talk to them, they'd love to help.\\nSome of the questions on the MMPI are straight up silly. \\\"Do you often see ghosts?\\\" is just one example. Often the same question is repeated in different forms and they are testing for consistency.\\n2-7. Pass the background investigation.\\nAgain -- another step where if you're honest (and your record clean), you'll be fine. They'll ask you for references, fingerprint you, assess your moral character and reputation, the whole shebang. If your record is clean (which it better be) and your references check out, this will not be an issue.\\nThis will include obtaining information focusing on your personal history and education, personal and professional references, in addition to your work history.\\n2-8. Be approved at the final hiring decision.\\nAfter all these tests are done, you'll receive notice of whether or not you're cleared to start training in Virginia. If you don't receive notice automatically, don't fret. These things take time.\\n3. Training and Being an Agent\\n3-1. Start BAT.\\nThe Basic Agent Training (BAT) for DEA agents is an intense, 18 week long program that is completed at the training facility located in Quantico, Virginia. This is 18 weeks of testing your mental and physical powers.\\nYou'll be studying undercover, surveillance and arrest techniques, defensive tactics and firearms training. In addition, you'll learn the basics of report writing, law and drug identification and recognition. Apart from the mental aspect, you will constantly undergo intense physical training.\\nIt's basically boot camp. Your superiors will rip into you, cutting out the fat from the meat, if you will. If you don't have the perseverance and fortitude to withstand the verbal and physical abuse, you won't make it. During the first month or so, trainees usually drop like flies.\\n3-2. Get your assignment.\\nBetween the 8th and 12th week of your training, you'll receive notice of your post. There's no promise how long each post will last. An assignment may entail being transferred to any location based upon the operational requirements and needs of the Drug Enforcement Agency.\\n3-3. Start being a superhero.\\nA day on the job will be anything but boring. It will include investigating cases aimed at preventing the spread of drug use and putting those violators behind bars. You will be infiltrating drug rings, confiscating substances, testifying in court, and promoting educational programs.\\nDEA agents will have to interview witnesses, collect evidence, and facilitate sting operations when required. Completing the investigation will involve written reports, wrapping up cases.\\n3-4. Work hard.\\nYou'll be working with DTO's (drug trafficking organizations) and CS' (confidential sources) -- aka \\\"snitches\\\" -- on the big cases. Other days you'll be filing paperwork and sitting at your desk frustrated because you feel like you're getting nowhere. Whatever it is you're doing, it'll be intense -- sometimes physically, sometimes mentally, sometimes both.\\nIt is possible that you could eventually be assigned to a task in a foreign office maintained by the DEA. They have 87 foreign offices in 63 different countries. Agents go wherever drug enforcement laws affecting the US must take them. If you have a family, consider the fact that you may be required to travel on a moment's notice.\\n3-5. Coordinate with other authorities.\\nOn any case, you won't be the only Big Kahuna on the job. An integral part of your work is coordinating with local, state or federal agencies that have legal jurisdiction over the investigation. You all must work as a team to get the job done.\\nTips\\nMake copies of everything. If anyone on their end messes up (which does happen), you'll be able to pick up their slack. The last thing you want is an email saying you didn't submit something when you actually did.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"DEA agents work for the Drug Enforcement Administration, a branch of the United States federal government. DEA agents are responsible for enforcing laws to curtail the trafficking of illegal drugs and controlled substances within the United States. The work of a DEA agent is challenging and dangerous but also rewarding. Entrance requirements for acceptance into the DEA agent training program are numerous and rigorous. The application process encompasses several phases, is very competitive and can take up to 1 year to complete. Here are some helpful tips and suggestions on how to become a DEA agent.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Measuring Up\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what you're getting into.\", \"描述\": \"If you do an in-depth search of the net, read about the topics, be confident and try your best to be ready by training/working on yourself (mentally and physically). you'll find that the number one thing every site will tell you is that you need to seriously think about this career path. It is dangerous. It is mentally and physically exhausting. It is the very definition of difficult. It is intense. It could be fatal. It is not an episode of Breaking Bad.\\nYou will be dealing with very dangerous people and very dangerous chemicals in very dangerous circumstances. You should know what these people do, what they are dealing what the drugs do to people, jail sentences and the prices and well basically everything about the system. It will test your physical prowess and your mental agility. It won't be glamorous. At the end of the day, you'll pine for the days of flipping burgers. This is not for the faint of heart.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a US citizen between the ages of 21 and 36 at the time of application.\", \"描述\": \"The only exception is if you already work in a similar work environment with a similar agency and started at a younger age.\\nYou must have a valid driver's license at the time of application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be willing to move.\", \"描述\": \"A condition of employment is that you are willing to go anywhere they tell you to go. It's best to realize this now. The odds of you getting posted exactly where you want to be are slim to none. If you really want to be a DEA Agent, you go where they want you to go.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go to college.\", \"描述\": \"Though a Bachelor's degree is not required, it's highly advised. If you don't have one, you'll need to spend years getting experience conducting narcotics/drug related investigations, working surveillance, arresting persons suspected of drug related violations and organizing evidence. If you haven't spent your Sunday afternoons doing this, a degree you'll need.\\nYour Bachelor's degree would be best served in finance, accounting, computer technology, engineering or a foreign language. However, degrees in criminal justice or police science will also be received well. Your Grade Point Average (GPA) should be 2.95 or higher regardless of your degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get law enforcement experience.\", \"描述\": \"Most DEA agents have some type of prior law enforcement experience -- some cops, some military. Though it's not necessary, it certainly does help and make sense. Neither requires a college degree and both paths can be started near your hometown. If you don't have any experience and are young enough to still get started, consider one of these paths before you hit up the DEA for recruitment.\\nAgain, it is possible to be a DEA fresh out of college with no experience. Both are viable options and both paths have had people who have succeeded. It's merely a personal choice.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be in excellent physical shape.\", \"描述\": \"One of the initial hurdles to becoming a DEA Agent is the PTT -- the Physical Task Test. Even they consider it rigorous. As part of the application process, you'll have to pass this. And then it's onto training, which is even more intense.\\nThe PTT is comprised of pull ups, sit-ups, push ups, a shuttle run, and a 2-mile run. There is minimal time for rest between tasks and a minimum score must be achieved to pass.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Meet the health requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In order to even be considered an applicant, you have to be in the right physical condition. That means your hearing must be unimpaired, your eyesight no weaker than 20/40 in one eye, have normal color vision, and be able to lift at least 45 lbs easily.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Beginning the Application Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact your local DEA office.\", \"描述\": \"A map of the entire nation and its offices can be found online. If that's not a current option, call (800) DEA-4288. An agent there will walk you through the basics.\\nS/He will probably make you very aware of the career path and its realities. They are not trying to deter you from pursuing this; they are trying to ensure you're going in with as accurate a picture as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend an orientation session.\", \"描述\": \"If you meet all the requirements at that initial meeting, your name will be put down to attend an orientation session. At this session, dress professionally and bring your ID. It is here you'll fill out an application to be considered for training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go through the written and oral assessment and panel interview.\", \"描述\": \"The best thing you can do for yourself during this part is to breathe, dress conservatively and professionally, show you've done your research on the organization, and be personable. Confidentiality agreements are signed prior to the process, so you may find very little actual detail online and from those you ask. Just rest assured that those with even zero experience pass.\\nIf you're looking for a really scholarly read on the DEA's hiring procedures, all the question you could possibly have are answered in the document you can find here.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the urinalysis drug test, medical examination, and PTT.\", \"描述\": \"This one is pretty straightforward. Don't take drugs, get a good night's rest, and show up on time. Simple! Wahoo! Well, apart from the PTT requiring a super-high level of fitness.\\nWe've already covered what the PTT will be comprised of in the aforementioned section -- now it's time to put that preparation to practice. If you don't pass this, you won't be able to continue onto BAT. You'll be eligible to reapply in a year.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tell the truth on the polygraph examination.\", \"描述\": \"A polygraph test is an exam where you're hooked up to a machine that records your bodily reactions. The idea is that when you lie, your body will show it. Don't lie and you'll pass. No problem.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Score well on the psychological assessments.\", \"描述\": \"The two tests in question are the MMPI-2 and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, assessing your personality and your psychopathology. The short MMPI comes in at around 300 questions, with the long version clocking it at 567. Needless to say, these tests take their sweet time.\\nThere will be a psychologist on staff who will help you clarify any answers if need be. They are there to assist and will be present and available when your test is being processed. If you'd like to talk to them, they'd love to help.\\nSome of the questions on the MMPI are straight up silly. \\\"Do you often see ghosts?\\\" is just one example. Often the same question is repeated in different forms and they are testing for consistency.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass the background investigation.\", \"描述\": \"Again -- another step where if you're honest (and your record clean), you'll be fine. They'll ask you for references, fingerprint you, assess your moral character and reputation, the whole shebang. If your record is clean (which it better be) and your references check out, this will not be an issue.\\nThis will include obtaining information focusing on your personal history and education, personal and professional references, in addition to your work history.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be approved at the final hiring decision.\", \"描述\": \"After all these tests are done, you'll receive notice of whether or not you're cleared to start training in Virginia. If you don't receive notice automatically, don't fret. These things take time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Training and Being an Agent\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start BAT.\", \"描述\": \"The Basic Agent Training (BAT) for DEA agents is an intense, 18 week long program that is completed at the training facility located in Quantico, Virginia. This is 18 weeks of testing your mental and physical powers.\\nYou'll be studying undercover, surveillance and arrest techniques, defensive tactics and firearms training. In addition, you'll learn the basics of report writing, law and drug identification and recognition. Apart from the mental aspect, you will constantly undergo intense physical training.\\nIt's basically boot camp. Your superiors will rip into you, cutting out the fat from the meat, if you will. If you don't have the perseverance and fortitude to withstand the verbal and physical abuse, you won't make it. During the first month or so, trainees usually drop like flies.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your assignment.\", \"描述\": \"Between the 8th and 12th week of your training, you'll receive notice of your post. There's no promise how long each post will last. An assignment may entail being transferred to any location based upon the operational requirements and needs of the Drug Enforcement Agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start being a superhero.\", \"描述\": \"A day on the job will be anything but boring. It will include investigating cases aimed at preventing the spread of drug use and putting those violators behind bars. You will be infiltrating drug rings, confiscating substances, testifying in court, and promoting educational programs.\\nDEA agents will have to interview witnesses, collect evidence, and facilitate sting operations when required. Completing the investigation will involve written reports, wrapping up cases.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work hard.\", \"描述\": \"You'll be working with DTO's (drug trafficking organizations) and CS' (confidential sources) -- aka \\\"snitches\\\" -- on the big cases. Other days you'll be filing paperwork and sitting at your desk frustrated because you feel like you're getting nowhere. Whatever it is you're doing, it'll be intense -- sometimes physically, sometimes mentally, sometimes both.\\nIt is possible that you could eventually be assigned to a task in a foreign office maintained by the DEA. They have 87 foreign offices in 63 different countries. Agents go wherever drug enforcement laws affecting the US must take them. If you have a family, consider the fact that you may be required to travel on a moment's notice.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Coordinate with other authorities.\", \"描述\": \"On any case, you won't be the only Big Kahuna on the job. An integral part of your work is coordinating with local, state or federal agencies that have legal jurisdiction over the investigation. You all must work as a team to get the job done.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make copies of everything. If anyone on their end messes up (which does happen), you'll be able to pick up their slack. The last thing you want is an email saying you didn't submit something when you actually did.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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